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Andrade R, Silva SHG, Benedet L, Mancini M, Lima GJ, Nascimento K, Amaral FHC, Silva DRG, Ottoni MV, Carneiro MAC, Curi N. Proximal sensing provides clean, fast, and accurate quality control of organic and mineral fertilizers. Environ Res 2023; 236:116753. [PMID: 37500037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Farms use large quantities of fertilizers from many sources, making quality control a challenging task, as the traditional wet-chemistry analyses are expensive, time consuming and not environmentally-friendly. As an alternative, this work proposes the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and machine learning algorithms for rapid and low-cost estimation of macro and micronutrient contents in mineral and organic fertilizers. Four machine learning algorithms were tested. Whole (i.e., as delivered by the manufacturer) (CP) and ground (AQ) samples (429 in total) were analyzed to test the effect of fertilizer granulometry in prediction performance. Model validation indicated highly accurate predictions of macro (N: R2 = 0.92; P: 0.97; K: 0.99; Ca: 0.94, Mg: 0.98; S: 0.96) and micronutrients (B: 0.99; Cu: 0.99; Fe: 0.98; Mn: 0.91; Zn: 0.94) for both organic and mineral fertilizers. RPD values ranged from 2.31 to 9.23 for AQ samples, and Random Forest and Cubist Regression were the algorithms with the best performances. Even samples analyzed as they were received from the manufacturer (i.e., no grinding) provided accurate predictions, which accelerate the confirmation of nutrient contents contained in fertilizers. Results demonstrated the potential of pXRF data coupled with machine learning algorithms to assess nutrient composition in both mineral and organic fertilizers with high accuracy, allowing for clean, fast and accurate quality control. Sensor-driven quality assessment of fertilizers improves soil and plant health, crop management efficiency and food security with a reduced environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Andrade
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucas Benedet
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Mancini
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Jânio Lima
- Agriculture Promotion Company, CAMPO, Lindolfo García Adjuto, 1000, 38606-026, Paracatu, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Kauan Nascimento
- Eldorado Brasil, BR-158, Km 231, 79641-300, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Douglas Ramos Guelfi Silva
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marta Vasconcelos Ottoni
- Department of Hydrology, Geological Survey of Brazil, Av. Pasteur, 404, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-240, Brazil.
| | | | - Nilton Curi
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ribeiro LG, Silva AO, Vaz KA, Dos Santos JV, Nunes CA, Carneiro MAC. Soil arthropod community responses to restoration in areas impacted by iron mining tailings deposition after Fundão dam failure. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1299. [PMID: 37828343 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the failure of the Fundão dam in Mariana, Brazil released ~43 million m3 of iron mining tailings into the environment. Despite restoration initiatives in the following years, few studies-and most focused on revegetation-have evaluated the effectiveness of the restoration process in areas impacted by the disaster. We aimed to evaluate the responses of the arthropod community in areas impacted by iron mining tailings deposition from the Fundão dam that is in the restoration process. We defined sampling units in the riparian zone of the Gualaxo do Norte River, which is under restoration, and in a native not impacted riparian zone. We collected soil arthropods using pitfall traps and sampled environmental variables in the same sites. We used generalize least squares models (GLS) to test if the restored areas already presented values of arthropod diversity and functional group abundance similar to the reference area and to test which environmental variables are influencing arthropod diversity. We also tested how large the differences of arthropod community composition between the study areas and used the index of indicator species (IndVal) to verify which species could be used as an indicator of reference or restoration areas. The diversity of arthropods and the functional groups of detritivores and omnivores were higher in the native riparian zone. Understory density, soil density, organic matter content, and microbial biomass carbon were the environmental variables that significantly explained the diversity and species composition of arthropods. We show that restoration areas still have different soil arthropod diversity values and community composition when compared to reference areas. Evaluating the response of the arthropod community to the restoration process and long-term monitoring are essential to achieve a satisfactory result in this process and achieve a self-sustaining ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Kátia Augusta Vaz
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Jessé Valentim Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Cássio Alencar Nunes
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação - Lavras, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo - Lavras, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil.
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da Costa MV, Lima GJDO, Guilherme LRG, Carneiro MAC, Ribeiro BT. Towards direct and eco-friendly analysis of plants using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: A methodological approach. Chemosphere 2023; 339:139613. [PMID: 37495047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the nutritional status of plants is traditionally performed by wet-digestion methods using oven-dried and ground samples. This process requires sampling, takes time, and it is non-environmentally friendly. Agricultural and environmental science have been greatly benefited by in-field, ecofriendly methods, and real-time element measurements. This work employed the portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) to analyze intact and fresh leaves of crops aiming to assess the effect of water content and leaf surface (adaxial and abaxial) on pXRF results. Also, pXRF data were used to predict the real concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Eight crops (bean, castor plant, coffee, eucalyptus, guava tree, maize, mango, and soybean) with contrasting water contents were used. Intact leaf fragments (∼2 × 2 cm), fresh or oven-dried (60 °C) were obtained to be analyzed via pXRF on both adaxial and abaxial surface. Conventional wet-digestion method was also performed on powdered material to obtain the concentration of macro- and micronutrients via ICP-OES. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) algorithm regression. RF was used to predict the real concentration of macro- and micronutrients based on pXRF measurements obtained directly on intact leaves. Water content had a significant effect on pXRF results. However, a positive correlation between the concentration of macro- and micronutrients obtained via pXRF directly on intact leaves and conventional analysis performed on powdered samples was obtained. PCA analysis allowed a clear differentiation of crops based on elemental composition. The concentrations of macro- and micronutrients were very accurately predicted via RF. Even elements not detected by pXRF (N and B) were satisfactory predicted. From this pilot study, it is possible to concluded that pXRF is feasible for in-field assessment of nutritional status of plants. Further studies are needed to obtain specific and robust calibrations for each crop.
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T Silva de Sá R, Tesser Antunes Prianti M, Andrade R, Oliveira Silva A, Rodrigues Batista É, Valentim Dos Santos J, Magno Silva F, Aurélio Carbone Carneiro M, Roberto Guimarães Guilherme L, Chakraborty S, C Weindorf D, Curi N, Henrique Godinho Silva S, Teixeira Ribeiro B. Detailed characterization of iron-rich tailings after the Fundão dam failure, Brazil, with inclusion of proximal sensors data, as a secure basis for environmental and agricultural restoration. Environ Res 2023; 228:115858. [PMID: 37062481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Following the Fundão dam failure in Brazil, 60 million m3 of iron-rich tailings were released impacting an extensive area. After this catastrophe, a detailed characterization and monitoring of iron-rich tailings is required for agronomic and environmental purposes. This can be facilitated by using proximal sensors which have been an efficient, fast, and cost-effective tool for eco-friendly analysis of soils and sediments. This work hypothesized that portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry combined with a pocket-sized (Nix™ Pro) color sensor and benchtop magnetic susceptibilimeter can produce substantial data for fast and clean characterization of iron-rich tailings. The objectives were to differentiate impacted and non-impacted areas (soils and sediments) based on proximal sensors data, and to predict attributes of agronomic and environmental importance. A total of 148 composite samples were collected on totally impacted, partially impacted, and non-impacted areas (natural soils). The samples were analyzed via pXRF to obtain the total elemental composition; via Nix™ Pro color sensor to obtain the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) parameters; and assessed for magnetic susceptibility (MS). The same samples used for analyses via the aforementioned sensors were wet-digested (USEPA 3051a method) followed by ICP-OES quantification of potentially toxic elements. Principal component analysis was performed to differentiate impacted and non-impacted areas. The pXRF data alone or combined with other sensors were used to predict soil agronomic properties and semi-total concentration of potentially toxic elements via random forest regression. For that, samples were randomly separated into modeling (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. The pXRF proved to be an efficient method for rapid and eco-friendly characterization of iron-rich tailings, allowing a clear differentiation of impacted and non-impacted areas. Also, important soil agronomic properties (clay, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, pH and macronutrients availability) and semi-total concentrations of Ba, Pb, Cr, V, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, and Li were accurately predicted (based upon the lowest RMSE and highest R2 and RPD values). Sensor data fusion (pXRF + Nix Pro + MS) slightly improved the accuracy of predictions. This work highlights iron-rich tailings from the Fundão dam failure can be in detail characterized via pXRF ex situ, providing a secure basis for complementary studies in situ aiming at identify contaminated hot spots, digital mapping of soil and properties variability, and embasing pedological, agricultural and environmental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Andrade
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200000, Brazil
| | - Aline Oliveira Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Magno Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David C Weindorf
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Nilton Curi
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200000, Brazil
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Benedet L, Silva SHG, Mancini M, Andrade R, Amaral FHC, Lima GJ, Carneiro MAC, Curi N. Clean quality control of agricultural and non-agricultural lime by rapid and accurate assessment of calcium and magnesium contents via proximal sensors. Environ Res 2023; 221:115300. [PMID: 36649846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ca and Mg are the most important chemical elements in lime. Properly measuring Ca and Mg contents is essential to assess the quality of lime products. Quality control guarantees the adequate use of lime in industrial processes, in soils, and helps avoiding adulteration. Proximal sensors can aid in this process by determining Ca and Mg contents easily, rapidly and without producing chemical waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use an environmentally-friendly method of analyzing the quality of lime. We studied 1) the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) to predict concentrations of Ca and Mg in lime, 2) tested if NixPro™ sensor can improve prediction accuracy and 3) tested if sample preparation methods (grinding) affect analyses. 74 samples of lime were analyzed by two different laboratories (lab. 1 = 38, lab. 2 = 36). All samples submitted to pXRF and NixPro™ analyses. Sensor analyses were done in whole (CP) and ground (AQ) samples to test the effect of sample preparation in prediction performance. High correlation was found between Ca and Mg contents measured via pXRF and laboratory analyses. Mg-CP presented the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.81); Mg-AQ, the lowest (0.57). Predictions presented good performance (R2 > 0.68); Mg had the best results (0.86). Separating models per laboratory showed that some datasets are harder to model, probably due to variability in the source material (limestone). The addition of NixPro™ data contributed to improve prediction accuracy, although slightly. Predictions using CP samples presented the best results, especially for Mg, indicating that grinding is not necessary. This pioneer study demonstrated that fused proximal sensors can be used to rapidly and easily determine contents of Ca and Mg in soil amendments without producing chemical waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Benedet
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mancini
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Jânio Lima
- Agriculture Promotion Company, CAMPO. Paracatu, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Curi
- Dept. of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-900, Lavras, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Andrade R, Silva SHG, Benedet L, de Araújo EF, Carneiro MAC, Curi N. A Proximal Sensor-Based Approach for Clean, Fast, and Accurate Assessment of the Eucalyptus spp. Nutritional Status and Differentiation of Clones. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:561. [PMID: 36771645 PMCID: PMC9919597 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several materials have been characterized using proximal sensors, but still incipient efforts have been driven to plant tissues. Eucalyptus spp. cultivation in Brazil covers approximately 7.47 million hectares, requiring faster methods to assess plant nutritional status. This study applies portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry to (i) distinguish Eucalyptus clones using pre-processed pXRF data; and (ii) predict the contents of eleven nutrients in the leaves of Eucalyptus (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, S, and Zn) aiming to accelerate the diagnosis of nutrient deficiency. Nine hundred and twenty samples of Eucalyptus leaves were collected, oven-dried, ground, and analyzed using acid-digestion (conventional method) and using pXRF. Six machine learning algorithms were trained with 70% of pXRF data to model conventional results and the remaining 30% were used to validate the models using root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The principal component analysis clearly distinguished developmental stages based on pXRF data. Nine nutrients were accurately predicted, including N (not detected using pXRF spectrometry). Results for B and Mg were less satisfactory. This method can substantially accelerate decision-making and reduce costs for Eucalyptus foliar analysis, constituting an ecofriendly approach which should be tested for other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Andrade
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Benedet
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilton Curi
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
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da Silva APV, Silva AO, Lima FRDD, Benedet L, Franco ADJ, Souza JKD, Ribeiro Júnior AC, Batista ÉR, Inda AV, Curi N, Guilherme LRG, Carneiro MAC. Potentially toxic elements in iron mine tailings: Effects of reducing soil pH on available concentrations of toxic elements. Environ Res 2022; 215:114321. [PMID: 36222244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailings from iron mining are characterized by high concentrations of iron and manganese oxides, as well as high pH values. With these characteristics, most of the potentially toxic elements (PTE) contained in the tailings are somewhat unavailable. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how a reduction in the pH of iron mine tailings may affect PTE availabilities. The tailings were collected on the banks of the Gualaxo do Norte River (Mariana, MG, Brazil), one of the main areas impacted by the rupture of the Fundão Dam (Barragem de Fundão). A completely randomized experimental design was used, including five pH values (6.4, 5.4, 4.3, 3.7, and 3.4) and five replications. The concentrations of the PTE (Ba, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Zn) were determined after extraction following different methodologies: USEPA 3051A, DTPA, Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, and distilled water. A comparison of the available concentrations of the elements in the tailings with those in a soil not impacted by tailings shows that Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ba, and Co were higher in the soil impacted by the tailings. The different methods used for evaluating the availability of PTE in the tailings at various pH exhibited the following decreasing order in relation to the quantity extracted: Mehlich-3 > Mehlich-1 > DTPA > distilled water. However, regarding sensitivity to change in pH, the order was DTPA > water > Mehlich-1 > Mehlich-3. The increases in the concentrations of PTE due to the reduction in the pH of the tailings did not lead to concentrations that exceed the limits of Brazilian regulations. The DTPA extractant exhibited higher coefficients of correlation between the PTE concentrations and the pH of the tailings, proving to be suitable for use in areas affected by the deposition of iron mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucas Benedet
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nilton Curi
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Vilela DJM, Pinto RT, Cardoso TB, Paiva LV, Carneiro MAC, Carvalho GR, dos Santos JV. Purple acid phosphatases in coffee-genome-wide identification and the transcriptional profile of selected members in roots upon Pi starvation. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:335. [PMID: 36330378 PMCID: PMC9622964 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability is determinant for crop productivity and, despite the sufficient amount of this nutrient in arable land, most of it remains insoluble, leading to the need of high fertilizer input. To cope with P scarcity forecasts and also for cropping costs alleviation, genotypes better adapted to promote P solubilization and absorption are required, especially for perennial crops. Coffee is one of these important perennial crops cultivated in soils with low P availability, and thus we aimed to study adaptive strategies to coffee genotypes in acquire phosphorus. In this study, we focused on rhizosphere phosphatase activity, a major characteristic related to P solubilization from organic pools. To explore the genetic basis of this characteristic, we firstly identified 29 Purple Acid Phosphatases (PAP) genes in C. canephora genome and selected five candidates with higher potential to encode secreted PAPs. We found that C. arabica genotypes have diverse profiles of rhizosphere phosphatase activity, as well as microbial biomass carbon, which we measured to explore the impact of the plant on microbiota and also to discriminate the phosphatase activity origin (plant or microorganism-derived). We selected two C. arabica cultivars with contrasting phosphatase activity and found that one PAP gene has a correlated gene expression profile with this characteristic. This work explores coffee adaptative responses to P starvation conditions, and the information provided can further contribute to breeding programs aiming better adapted genotypes for sustainable agriculture in face of current challenges. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03399-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Terassi Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Vilela Paiva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG Brazil
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Silva AO, Guimarães AA, Lopez BDO, Zanchi CS, Vega CFP, Batista ÉR, de Souza Moreira FM, da Costa Souza FR, Pinto FA, Dos Santos JV, Carneiro JJ, Siqueira JO, Kemmelmeier K, Guilherme LRG, Rufini M, de Souza Dias Junior M, da Silva Aragão OO, de Castro Borges PH, de Oliveira-Longatti SM, Carneiro MAC. Chemical, physical, and biological attributes in soils affected by deposition of iron ore tailings from the Fundão Dam failure. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:462. [PMID: 34216287 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring degraded areas is essential for evaluation of the quality of the rehabilitation process. In this study, we evaluate how the physical and chemical characteristics of the mixture of iron ore tailings with the soil have affected the soil microbial biomass and activity in areas along the Gualaxo do Norte River after the Fundão Dam disaster. Composite soil samples were collected from areas that were impacted (I) and not impacted (NI) by the tailings. The following attributes were evaluated: chemical element content; soil density, porosity, and texture; microbial biomass carbon; basal respiration; and enzyme activity and density of microbial groups (bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae, phosphate solubilizers, cellulolytic microorganisms, nitrifiers, ammonifiers, and diazotrophs). According to result, the deposition of tailings increased the pH and the soil available P, Cr, Fe, and Mn content and reduced organic matter. The physical and biological attributes were negatively affected, with increases in the silt content and density of the soil, and reduction in macroporosity and in the microbial biomass and activity of the soil (respiration and enzymes) in the impacted area. However, the impacted areas exhibited greater densities of some microbial groups (cellulolytic microorganisms, nitrifiers, and diazotrophic bacteria). Modifications in the organic matter and silt content are the main attributes associated with deposition of the tailings that affected soil microbial biomass and microbial activity. This may affect erosive conditions and the functionality of the ecosystem, indicating an imbalance in this environment. In contrast, the higher density of some microbial groups in the impacted areas show the high rehabilitation potential of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Oliveira Silva
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Azarias Guimarães
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Daniela Ortiz Lopez
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Carin Sgobi Zanchi
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Éder Rodrigues Batista
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio Araújo Pinto
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Jessé Valentim Dos Santos
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Joana Junqueira Carneiro
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Siqueira
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Karl Kemmelmeier
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Rufini
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez RM, Guimarães AA, de Castro JL, Siqueira JO, Carneiro MAC, de Souza Moreira FM. Rhizobia and endophytic bacteria isolated from rainforest fragments within an iron ore mining site of the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1461-1474. [PMID: 34142357 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the diversity of rhizobial and endophytic bacterial strains from undisturbed native rainforests within an iron ore mining site of the Serra Norte de Carajás in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon region to assess their biotechnological utility in reclamation of areas. Experiments were conducted to capture strains from samples of the soil of these forests at the sites Arenito II, Noroeste II, and Sul IV using Macroptilium atropurpureum and Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea as trap host plants. Only M. atropurpureum nodulated, and the different bacterial strains were isolated from its nodules. There was no difference in the number of nodules among the areas, but the Arenito II bacterial community was the most efficient, indicated by the aboveground biomass production and suitable shoot mass/root mass ratio. Fifty-two (52) bacterial isolates were obtained, distributed in five groups, including nodulating and endophytic bacteria: 32 from Arenito II, 12 from Noroeste II, and 8 from Sul IV. The nodulating Bradyrhizobium genus was common to the three areas, whereas Paraburkholderia was found only in Arenito II. The nodD1 gene was amplified in all the strains of both nodulating genera. Strains of the nodulating genus Methylobacterium were also isolated from the three areas; however, they did not nodulate the host of origin, and their nodD1 gene was not amplified. Endophytic strains were also isolated from the genera Paenibacillus, Pantoea, and Leifsonia in Arenito II, Leifsonia in Noroeste I, and Paenibacillus in Sul IV. The greater nodulation and rhizobial and endophytic bacterial diversity observed in Arenito II were probably due to the more suitable edaphic properties of the area. The isolated strains were incorporated in the collection of the Department of Soil Science of UFLA and will be investigated in relation to their symbiotic characteristics with native host plants, as well as their ability to perform other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Milagros Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biofertilizantes Y Nutrición de Las Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba.,Departamento de Ciência Do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras (DCS-UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Jordana Luísa de Castro
- Departamento de Ciência Do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras (DCS-UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Siqueira
- Departamento de Ciência Do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras (DCS-UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Batista ÉR, Carneiro JJ, Araújo Pinto F, Dos Santos JV, Carneiro MAC. Environmental drivers of shifts on microbial traits in sites disturbed by a large-scale tailing dam collapse. Sci Total Environ 2020; 738:139453. [PMID: 32531582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the most affected traits related to microbial ecophysiology and activity and investigate its relationships with environmental drivers in mine tailings spilled from the Fundão dam at disturbed sites across Gualaxo do Norte river, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The mine tailings are characterized by increased pH value, silt percentage, and bulk density, while clay percentage, organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Nt), and moisture contents are reduced. Microbial biomass, enzymatic activities (arylsulfatase, β-1,4-glucosidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases), and the total microbial activity potential (FDA hydrolysis) were generally lower in tailings compared to undisturbed reference soil (Und). Enzyme-based indexes (GMea, WMean, and IBRv2) showed microbial communities with significantly lower degradative efficacy in the tailings than Und in all sites (R2 ≥ 0.94, p < 0.001). Non-metric multidimensional scaling and distance-based redundancy analysis revealed that microbial communities exhibited significant differentiation (R2 adjusted = 0.73, p = 0.0001) between mine tailings and Und over the different studied sites, which was strongly influenced by changes on physicochemical properties (pH, Corg and Nt contents, the predominance of small-sized particles of silt, and bulk density) and the presence of Se, Cr, Fe, and Ni, even at low concentrations. Our study suggests that the physicochemical properties and the presence of low bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals in dam tailings promote shifts on microbial communities through reductions in the C storage and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients by these communities compared to those in undisturbed reference soils surrounding and, therefore, has negative implications for the ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éder Rodrigues Batista
- Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Joana Junqueira Carneiro
- Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Araújo Pinto
- Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Jessé Valentim Dos Santos
- Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
- Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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Gastauer M, Caldeira CF, Ramos SJ, Trevelin LC, Jaffé R, Oliveira G, Vera MPO, Pires E, Santiago FLDA, Carneiro MAC, Coelho FTA, Silva R, Souza-Filho PWM, Siqueira JO. Integrating environmental variables by multivariate ordination enables the reliable estimation of mineland rehabilitation status. J Environ Manage 2020; 256:109894. [PMID: 31989973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of variables commonly employed to measure the success of rehabilitation, the assessment and subsequent definition of indicators of environmental rehabilitation status are not simple tasks. The main challenges are comparing rehabilitated sites with target ecosystems as well as integrating individual environmental and eventually collinear variables into a single tractable measure for the state of a system before effective indicators that track rehabilitation may be modeled. Furthermore, a consensus is lacking regarding which and how many variables need to be surveyed for a reliable estimation of rehabilitation status. Here, we propose a multivariate ordination to integrate variables related to ecological processes, vegetation structure, and community diversity into a single estimation of rehabilitation status. As a case, we employed a curated set of 32 environmental variables retrieved from nonrevegetated, rehabilitating and reference sites associated with iron ore mines from the Urucum Massif, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. By integrating this set of environmental variables into a single estimation of rehabilitation status, the proposed multivariate approach is straightforward and able to adequately address collinearity among variables. The proposed methodology allows for the identification of biases towards single variables, surveys or analyses, which is necessary to rank environmental variables regarding their importance to the assessment. Furthermore, we show that bootstrapping permitted the detection of the minimum number of environmental variables necessary to achieve reliable estimations of the rehabilitation status. Finally, we show that the proposed variable integration enables the definition of case-specific environmental indicators for more rapid assessments of mineland rehabilitation. Thus, the proposed multivariate ordination represents a powerful tool to facilitate the diagnosis of rehabilitating sites worldwide provided that sufficient environmental variables related to ecological processes, diversity and vegetation structure are gathered from nonrehabilitated, rehabilitating and reference study sites. By identifying deviations from predicted rehabilitation trajectories and providing assessments for environmental agencies, this proposed multivariate ordination increases the effectiveness of (mineland) rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gastauer
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Sílvio Junio Ramos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Jaffé
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mabel Patricia Ortiz Vera
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eder Pires
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Tadashi Asoa Coelho
- Vale - Diretoria de Ferrosos Centro Oeste, Rua Cabral, 1555, Centro, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Silva
- Vale - Diretoria de Ferrosos Centro Oeste, Rua Cabral, 1555, Centro, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - José-Oswaldo Siqueira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Umarizal, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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de Fátima Pedroso D, Barbosa MV, Dos Santos JV, Pinto FA, Siqueira JO, Carneiro MAC. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Favor the Initial Growth of Acacia mangium, Sorghum bicolor, and Urochloa brizantha in Soil Contaminated with Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:386-391. [PMID: 30066147 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of inoculation with a mixture of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus macrocarpum, Paraglomus occultum, and Glomus sp.) on the initial establishment of Acacia mangium, Sorghum bicolor, and Urochloa brizantha in soil contaminated with heavy metals. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in plastic pots containing 1.8 kg of soil, which presented 7200, 1140, 480, and 72 mg of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, respectively. The chlorophyll content (SPAD index) of inoculated plants of A. mangium and U. brizantha was higher than those of non-inoculated plants (p < 0.05). No differences were detected for the concentration of heavy metals in plant shoots, whether the plant was inoculated or not. However, inoculated plants had greater root length (S. bicolor and U. brizantha) (p < 0.05) and greater plant height (A. mangium) (p < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of AMF on plant growth and the alleviation of contaminants are imperative factors for the rehabilitation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Fátima Pedroso
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Marisângela Viana Barbosa
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Jessé Valentim Dos Santos
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Flávio Araújo Pinto
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Siqueira
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belem, PA, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
- Department of Soil Science-Sector of Biology, Microbiology and Soil Biological Processes, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Box 3037, Lavras, MG, CEP 37200-000, Brazil.
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Vilela LAF, Ramos SJ, Carneiro MAC, Faquin V, Guilherme LRG, Siqueira JO. Cerium (Ce) and Lanthanum (La) promoted plant growth and mycorrhizal colonization of maize in tropical soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.18.12.05.pne754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Rodak BW, Freitas DS, Bamberg SM, Carneiro MAC, Guilherme LRG. X-ray microanalytical studies of mineral elements in the tripartite symbiosis between lima bean, N 2-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 132:14-20. [PMID: 27838542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The symbiosis between legumes, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and N2-fixing bacteria (NFB) provides mutual nutritional gains. However, assessing the nutritional status of the microorganisms is a difficult task. A methodology that could assess this status, in situ, could assist managing these organisms in agriculture. This study used X-ray microanalyses to quantify and locate mineral elements in structures formed in a tripartite symbiosis. Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. Walp) was cultivated in pots under greenhouse conditions, to which we have added AM fungal isolates (Glomus macrocarpum and Acaulospora colombiana) and NFB (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) inocula. Uninoculated control plants were also included. Symbionts were evaluated at the onset of flowering. Quantification of the mineral elements in the symbiotic components was performed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify structures. EDX analysis detected 13 elements with the most abundant being N, Ca, and Se, occurring in all tissues, Fe in roots, Ni and Al in epidermis and P and Mo in nodules. Elemental quantification in fungal structures was not possible. The distribution of elements was related to their symbiotic function. X-ray microanalysis can be efficiently applied for nutritional diagnosis in tripartite symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Wurr Rodak
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), University Campus, 372000-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Siqueira Freitas
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), University Campus, 372000-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Soraya Marx Bamberg
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), University Campus, 372000-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), University Campus, 372000-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Souza EDD, Paulino HB, Carneiro MAC, Smiljanik Junior E. Production and quality of Brachiaria forage plants in southwestern Goiás state. Acta Sci Anim Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i4.8960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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