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Capasso M, Conner M, Caso D. Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention over the course of the pandemic: A three-wave repeated cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24826. [PMID: 38314287 PMCID: PMC10837554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mass vaccination against Covid-19 has been recognised as the most effective strategy for overcoming the pandemic emergency and remains crucial in the ongoing efforts to mitigate the impact of the virus. The present study aimed to test the efficacy of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model in predicting vaccination intention in three different phases of the pandemic. Understanding how psychological drivers of vaccine acceptance may have changed throughout the pandemic is essential for informing public health strategies and addressing vaccine hesitancy, even in the current post-pandemic context. Methods Using a repeated cross-sectional survey, we tested the hypothesised extended TPB model (intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, anticipated affective reactions, risk perception, trust in science, trust in institutions and religiosity) across three independent samples: before (T1: November-December 2020; N = 657), during (T2: March-May 2021; N = 818), and after (T3: February-March 2022; N = 605) the start of the vaccination campaign in Italy. Results Results indicated significant differences between the time points in all investigated variables, pointing to a general trend of improvement in vaccine acceptability levels at T2 compared to T1, and a worsening at T3 compared to the other two time points. Interestingly, net of these differences, a multi-group Structural Equation Modeling analysis supported the invariance, across time, of the structural relationships examined within the extended TPB. Conclusion Findings demonstrated the efficacy of the TPB in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention at different stages of the pandemic, suggesting that the model, in its extended version, represents a valuable framework for designing interventions aimed at promoting vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capasso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Daniela Caso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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Keyworth C, Conner M, Johnson J, Epton T, Vogt KS, Armitage CJ. Impacts of the COVID-19 public health emergency on healthcare professional delivery of opportunistic behaviour change interventions: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:167. [PMID: 38317160 PMCID: PMC10845453 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public health policy "Making Every Contact Count" (MECC) compels healthcare professionals to deliver health behaviour change interventions during routine consultations. As healthcare systems continue their recovery from the impacts of the COVID-19 public health emergency, supporting people to modify health behaviours is more important now than when the policy was introduced. The present study aims to: (a) examine changes in healthcare professionals' awareness of, and engagement with the policy over a five-year period, (b) examine the psychosocial drivers associated with delivering behaviour change interventions, and (c) identify targets to increase healthcare professionals' delivery of interventions. METHODS Comparison of data from two independent representative surveys of NHS healthcare professionals working in the UK. In both surveys (July-September 2017; N = 1387, and February-March 2022; N = 1008), participants were asked to report: (1) awareness of the MECC policy, (2) the prevalence of MECC-related practice (perceived patient benefit, how often interventions were delivered, and time spent delivering interventions), and (3) perceptions of capabilities, opportunities and motivations to deliver behaviour change interventions. T- tests (independent-samples), MANOVA, multiple linear regression, and chi-square analyses were used to generate comparisons between the surveys. RESULTS Awareness of the policy increased from 2017 (31.4%) to 2022 (52.0%). However, in 2022 compared with 2017, healthcare professionals reported (a) fewer patients would benefit from behaviour change interventions (49.1% versus 55.9%), (b) they delivered behaviour change interventions to a lower proportion of patients (38.0% versus 50.0%), and (c) they spent a lower proportion of the consultation time delivering interventions (26.5% versus 35.3%). Further, in 2022, compared with 2017, healthcare professionals reported fewer physical opportunities, fewer social opportunities, and fewer psychological capabilities to deliver behaviour change interventions. In the 2022 survey, perceptions of patient benefit and delivery of interventions was associated with greater perceptions of opportunities and motivations. CONCLUSIONS Health behaviour change interventions remain an important part of routine healthcare in the continued recovery from COVID-19 public health emergency, however reported engagement with MECC-related practices appears to have reduced over time. Future research should consider how healthcare professionals identify patients who might benefit from opportunistic behaviour change interventions, and to increase capabilities, opportunities, and motivations to deliver interventions during routine consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Keyworth
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Judith Johnson
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Katharina S Vogt
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
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3
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Conner M, Wilding S, Norman P. Does Intention Strength Moderate the Intention-Health Behavior Relationship for Covid-19 Protection Behaviors? Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:92-99. [PMID: 37874734 PMCID: PMC10831218 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present research tests whether intention strength moderates intention-health behavior relations and the extent to which this is accounted for by the moderating effects of intention stability, goal priority, and goal conflict. METHODS In a prospective multi-behavior study, a representative sample of UK adults (N = 503) completed measures of past behavior, intention, intention strength, goal priority, and goal conflict in relation to eight Covid-19 protection behaviors at time 1. Intention and self-reported behavior were assessed at time 2 (2 months later). Intention stability was assessed over 2 months. RESULTS Intention strength was a significant moderator of the intention-behavior relationship (controlling for past behavior). Controlling for the moderating effects of intention stability attenuated the moderating effect of intention strength, while also controlling for the moderating effects of goal priority and goal conflict reduced the moderating effects of intention strength to nonsignificance. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that intention strength is a significant moderator of the intention-health behavior relationship. They also suggest that the moderating effect of intention strength is explained by effects on intention stability, goal priority, and goal conflict. Tests of interventions to manipulate intention strength as a means to strengthen intention stability and intention-behavior relations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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St Quinton T, Morris B, Lithopoulos A, Norman P, Conner M, Rhodes RE. Self-efficacy and alcohol consumption: Are efficacy measures confounded with motivation? Cogent Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2180872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom St Quinton
- School of Psychology & Therapeutic Studies, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Morris
- School of Psychology & Therapeutic Studies, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander Lithopoulos
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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Wilding S, O'Connor DB, Conner M. Social Norms in Cervical Cancer Screening. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231219943. [PMID: 38048215 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231219943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer screening aims to check the body for cancer before symptoms develop. Social norms theory suggests people falsely perceive the attitudes and/or behaviours of similar others to be different from their own and correcting these perceptions can lead to behaviour change. Across two studies, we tested if women underestimate peer levels of cervical screening behaviour and whether a social norms manipulation increases intention to attend cervical cancer screening. In study 1, participants completed a survey on cervical cancer screening norms. In study 2, participants were randomised to receive no norm information, norm information, or norm information plus statement on value of norms in decision making. In study 1, participant estimates of peer level of cervical screening behaviour were significantly lower than nationally reported levels. In study 2, a social norm plus value statement intervention led to stronger intentions to attend screening. This effect was consistent across demographic factors and screening status. Participants significantly underestimate rates of cervical screening behaviour in their peers. A brief, online social norms plus values manipulation increased intentions to attend cervical cancer screening across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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6
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Groves‐Williams D, Lavender EC, Comer C, Conner M, Nelligan RK, Bennell KL, Kingsbury SR, Conaghan PG, McHugh GA. Developing and adapting two electronic-rehabilitation programmes for persistent knee pain. Musculoskeletal Care 2023; 21:1307-1314. [PMID: 37622339 PMCID: PMC10947164 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Comer
- Musculoskeletal and Rehabilitation ServiceLeeds Community Healthcare NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of PsychologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Rachel K. Nelligan
- Department of PhysiotherapyThe University of Melbourne Centre for Health Exercise and Sports MedicineVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kim L. Bennell
- Department of PhysiotherapyThe University of Melbourne Centre for Health Exercise and Sports MedicineVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah R. Kingsbury
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Philip G. Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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7
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Grano C, Fernandes M, Conner M. Predicting intention and maintenance of breastfeeding up to 2-years after birth in primiparous and multiparous women. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1536-1552. [PMID: 35007452 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2025374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding up to 2-years has been associated with short and long-term health benefits for both newborns and mothers. However, few women breastfeed up to 2-years after birth. This study extends previous research on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) examining the predictors of intention and maintenance of breastfeeding up to 2-years in both primiparous and multiparous women. DESIGN 155 pregnant women participated in this longitudinal study. METHODS Expectant mothers completed a questionnaire and then 2-years after the child's birth were asked to report breastfeeding behaviour. Interactions among parity and TPB constructs were examined. RESULTS Attitudes, descriptive and injunctive norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) explained 58% of the variance in mothers' intention to breastfeed. Attitudes were the strongest predictor, followed by PBC, descriptive norms and parity. A significant interaction was found between parity and PBC, showing that PBC was only a significant predictor of intention to breastfeed at 2-years in multiparous women. Intentions predicted breastfeeding behaviour at 2-years. CONCLUSION Promoting intentions may be a useful way to increase breastfeeding duration to 2-years and targeting attitudes and norms may be one way to increase intentions. Further, targeting PBC may also be useful to increase intentions, but only in multiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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8
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Pownall M, Hutter RRC, Rockliffe L, Conner M. Memory and mood changes in pregnancy: a qualitative content analysis of women's first-hand accounts. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023; 41:516-527. [PMID: 35306947 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2052827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This qualitative study aimed to explore how pregnant women and new mothers self-report changes to their mood and memory during pregnancy. BACKGROUND Researchers have investigated the various changes that women report throughout their pregnancy. Despite this evidence base, there is a notable lack of studies that take a qualitative approach to understanding how pregnant women and women in the postpartum period experience memory and mood changes through their pregnancy. METHOD The present study involved a qualitative content analysis of women's first-hand accounts. Of the 423 participants who responded, 118 participants provided textual responses to questions about their memory and 288 participants provided textual responses to questions about their mood. Data were collected online via a free-text survey and analysed using both deductive inductive open coding. RESULTS A qualitative content analysis generated four overall categories: two typologies of self-reported memory changes in pregnancy ('short-term memory lapses' and 'chronic memory fog') and two typologies of self-reported mood changes ('mood instability and constant change' and 'low mood and parenting anxiety'). CONCLUSION These typologies represent unique profiles of the memory and mood changes that women experience during pregnancy and serve to accompany and expand the quantitative literature, which documents the changes women experience during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren Rockliffe
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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9
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Catto JWF, Rogers Z, Downing A, Mason SJ, Jubber I, Bottomley S, Conner M, Absolom K, Glaser A. Lifestyle Factors in Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Contemporary Picture of Tobacco Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, Body Mass Index, and Levels of Physical Activity. Eur Urol Focus 2023; 9:974-982. [PMID: 37080801 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about contemporary lifestyle choices in patients with bladder cancer (BC). These choices include carcinogenic risk factors and could affect fitness to receive treatments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contemporary lifestyle choices in BC patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Self-reported surveys from participants diagnosed with BC in the previous 10 yr captured smoking patterns, e-cigarette use, physical activity using the GODIN Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, long-term conditions (LTCs), relationship status, sociodemographics, and body mass index (BMI; height and weight). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Findings were compared with the general population and men with prostate cancer. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Completed surveys were received from 2092 participants. Most respondents were ex-smokers (61% vs 10% current vs 29% never). The use of e-cigarettes was uncommon (9%) and at lower rates than the age-equivalent general population. Passive smoke exposure was frequent (48%). Most participants (68%) were "insufficiently active" using the GODIN criteria and less physically active than the age-equivalent general population. Most respondents (44%) were classified as overweight (BMI 25-29.99) or obese (22%, BMI >30). Lifestyle factors varied with age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, and LTCs. Younger participants were less likely to smoke (p < 0.001), more likely to have used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001), but more likely to have had passive smoke exposure (p = 0.008). Those from less affluent areas were more likely to smoke (p < 0.001), have used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001), and have had passive smoke exposure (p = 0.02). Females were less likely to be smokers (p < 0.001) but more likely to have been exposed to passive smoke (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Persons affected by BC often have smoking exposures and high BMI, and are insufficiently active. Rates of e-cigarette use were lower than in the general population. Efforts to improve quality of life in this cohort should include wider advocation of smoking cessation, perhaps including the use of e-cigarettes, and programmes to increase exercise and reduce BMI. PATIENT SUMMARY We looked at the lifestyle choices, such as smoking, e-cigarette use, physical activity levels, and obesity, of patients following a bladder cancer diagnosis. We conclude that this population would benefit from healthy lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Zoe Rogers
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Amy Downing
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Samantha J Mason
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ibrahim Jubber
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Bottomley
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Urology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kate Absolom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Adam Glaser
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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10
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Vogt KS, Johnson J, Conner M, Armitage CJ, Keyworth C. Barriers and enablers to delivering opportunistic behaviour change interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in healthcare professionals. Br J Health Psychol 2023; 28:773-792. [PMID: 36822594 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In line with public health policy, healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in the UK's National Health Service (NHS) are encouraged to deliver opportunistic health behaviour change interventions during routine consultations. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery has been wide-ranging, but little is known about how the pandemic has affected the delivery of health behaviour change interventions. The present study aimed to examine the barriers and enablers to delivering opportunistic behaviour change interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Twenty-five qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted in January 2022 with a range of patient-facing healthcare professionals (including nurses, physiotherapists, dieticians, doctors and midwives) working in the NHS. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Two overarching themes were generated: (1) the healthcare system's response to COVID-19, and (2) maintaining good HCP-patient relationships: reluctance and responsibility. COVID-19-related barriers included exacerbated staffing pressures and a perceived inability to use IT equipment to facilitate conversations about health behaviour change (due to poor internet connectivity or ill-equipped platforms). COVID-19-related enablers included the use of video consultations enabling less awkward and more honest conversations about health behaviours. However, some barriers and enablers remained the same as pre-pandemic, such as issues of role responsibility for discussing health behaviour change with patients, balancing holistic wellbeing advice with maintaining positive patient-HCP relationships, and reluctance to deliver opportunistic behaviour change interventions. DISCUSSION The increased use of remote consultations may facilitate the delivery of opportunistic health behaviour change interventions by healthcare professionals. However, there is also a strong need to improve staffing levels, in order that staff have the psychological and physical capabilities to engage patients in these conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sophie Vogt
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Judith Johnson
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Conner M, Norman P. Health behaviour: sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviour, sun protection behaviour, medication non-adherence, and health professional behaviour. Psychol Health 2023; 38:667-674. [PMID: 37132656 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2167076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JTLeedsUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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12
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Bonnett SA, Rosenbloom AB, Ong GT, Conner M, Rininger AB, Newhouse D, New F, Phan CQ, Ilcisin S, Sato H, Lyssand JS, Geiss G, Beechem JM. Ultra High-plex Spatial Proteogenomic Investigation of Giant Cell Glioblastoma Multiforme Immune Infiltrates Reveals Distinct Protein and RNA Expression Profiles. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:763-779. [PMID: 37377888 PMCID: PMC10155752 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of complex biological processes, including tumor development and immune response, requires ultra high-plex, spatial interrogation of multiple "omes". Here we present the development and implementation of a novel spatial proteogenomic (SPG) assay on the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler platform with next-generation sequencing readout that enables ultra high-plex digital quantitation of proteins (>100-plex) and RNA (whole transcriptome, >18,000-plex) from a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample. This study highlighted the high concordance, R > 0.85 and <15% change in sensitivity between the SPG assay and the single-analyte assays on various cell lines and tissues from human and mouse. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SPG assay was reproducible across multiple users. When used in conjunction with advanced cellular neighborhood segmentation, distinct immune or tumor RNA and protein targets were spatially resolved within individual cell subpopulations in human colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. We used the SPG assay to interrogate 23 different glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples across four pathologies. The study revealed distinct clustering of both RNA and protein based on pathology and anatomic location. The in-depth investigation of giant cell glioblastoma multiforme (gcGBM) revealed distinct protein and RNA expression profiles compared with that of the more common GBM. More importantly, the use of spatial proteogenomics allowed simultaneous interrogation of critical protein posttranslational modifications alongside whole transcriptomic profiles within the same distinct cellular neighborhoods. Significance We describe ultra high-plex spatial proteogenomics; profiling whole transcriptome and high-plex proteomics on a single FFPE tissue section with spatial resolution. Investigation of gcGBM versus GBM revealed distinct protein and RNA expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Conner
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Felicia New
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chi Q. Phan
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Hiromi Sato
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Gary Geiss
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington
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13
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Wilding S, Wighton S, West R, Conner M, O'Connor DB. A randomised controlled trial of volitional and motivational interventions to improve cervical cancer screening uptake. Soc Sci Med 2023; 322:115800. [PMID: 36858020 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer to occur in women worldwide. In the UK, the NHS cervical screening programme invites eligible individuals to take part in screening every 3-5 years. At present, around 70% of individuals attend screening when invited. The present study aimed to test the effectiveness of a volitional and a motivational intervention alone and in combination on screening uptake at 16-week follow up. METHODS 14,536 participants were recruited from the list of eligible participants invited for screening in Yorkshire, Humber and the North East regions of England in December 2021. They were randomised to a social norm-based motivational intervention (SNA); implementation intention-based Volitional Help Sheet (VHS); combined intervention (SNA + VHS); or treatment as usual control. The primary outcome was screening uptake measured via patient screening records at 16 weeks. RESULTS Of the 14,466 participants with eligible data for analysis, 5793 (40.0%) attended for cervical cancer screening in the 16 weeks after the intervention mailing. Both age and deprivation influenced screening uptake, with lower uptake in the youngest individuals and those from more deprived areas. Compared to control, there was no evidence of any benefit from the VHS implementation intervention alone (Adj.OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.10), the SNA motivational intervention alone (Adj.OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.99), or the combined intervention (Adj.OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.06). CONCLUSION The study did not support any benefit of either VHS or SNA interventions alone or in combination on cervical cancer screening uptake. It did demonstrate alarmingly low levels of screening uptake at 16 weeks which were well below the average rate. Future research needs to urgently investigate and understand the barriers to uptake following on from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Wighton
- NHS England and NHS Improvement (North East & Yorkshire), UK
| | - Robert West
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Hill D, Conner M, Bristow M, O'Connor DB. Daily stress and eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: Investigating the role of cortisol reactivity and eating styles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106105. [PMID: 37028138 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related eating has been well documented in previous literature. However, there is limited research investigating the role of cortisol reactivity in daily stress-eating associations in samples of adolescents and young adults. 123 participants completed a baseline questionnaire and the Trier Social Stress Test in groups. Four saliva samples were taken at - 10, + 00, + 10 and + 40 min during the stress-induction task. Following this, participants completed an online daily diary each evening for 14 consecutive days to record daily stress and between-meal snack consumption. Multilevel modelling indicated that daily stress was positively associated with daily snack intake, particularly for ego-threatening and work/academic stressors. Emotional and external eating styles were found to moderate the stress-snacking relationship. Cortisol reactivity also moderated stress-eating associations, such that as cortisol reactivity levels increased from lower to higher levels, the impact of stress on eating decreased. The current findings highlight the importance of cortisol reactivity status and eating styles in understanding the complex relationship between daily stress and eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Future research should continue investigating stress-eating associations in these groups and explore the role of other aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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15
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Moss RH, Conner M, O'Connor DB. Daily Hassles and Eating Behaviours in Adults: Exploring the Buffering Effects of Daily Uplifts. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231161794. [PMID: 36872255 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231161794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Existing research has shown that daily hassles are associated with increases in between-meal snacking, often resulting in the increased consumption of high sweet and high fat foods. However, it is currently unclear whether the presence of daily uplifts may buffer the negative effects of daily hassles on unhealthy eating behaviour. Therefore, the current study explored the main and interactive effects of daily hassles and daily uplifts on snacking behaviours in adults. One hundred and sixty participants (M age: 23.69 years) reported their daily hassles, daily uplifts and snacking behaviours over the preceding 24 hour period. Participants' emotional eating style was also measured. Using moderated regression analysis, the daily hassles x daily uplifts interaction was found to be statistically significant for both total snack and unhealthy snack consumption. Simple slopes analyses showed that the relationship between daily hassles and snacking was weaker and non-significant at higher levels of daily uplifts compared to moderate and lower levels. The current study provides novel evidence that daily uplifts may act as a buffer against the negative impact of daily hassles on food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael H Moss
- School of Psychology, 4468University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, 4468University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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16
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Doden E, Budy P, Conner M, Young JK. Comparing translocated beavers used as passive restoration tools to resident beavers in degraded desert rivers. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Doden
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT USA
- The Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - P. Budy
- The Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
- Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey Utah State University Logan UT USA
- Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - M. Conner
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - J. K. Young
- Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT USA
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17
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Walker L, Grogan S, Scholtens K, Denovan A, McMillan B, Armitage CJ, Conner M, Epton T, Cordero MI. UK women smokers' experiences of an age-progression smoking cessation intervention: Thematic analysis of accounts. PEC Innov 2022; 1:100021. [PMID: 37213737 PMCID: PMC10194392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2022.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Appearance-related interventions to promote healthy behaviour have been found effective to communicate health risks. The current study aimed to explore women smokers' experiences of age-progression software showing the effects of smoking on the face. Methods A qualitative design was implemented, utilizing both individual interviews and focus groups within a critical realist framework. Fifteen, 19-52 year-old women smokers were administered an age-progression intervention. All participants responded to the intervention, engaged in semi-structured interviews, and were invited back to attend one of three focus groups. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Four main themes were identified: Health versus Appearance, Shock Reaction, Perceived Susceptibility, and Intention to Quit. Participants found the intervention useful, voicing need for a comprehensive approach that includes both appearance and health. Despite increases in appearance-based apps which could diminish impact, women's accounts of shock induced by the aged smoking-morphed images were similar to previous work conducted more than ten years previously. Conclusions The study provides novel insights in how women smokers currently perceive, and react to, an age-progression intervention for smoking cessation. Innovation Findings emphasise the implementation of this intervention type accompanied by health information in a range of patient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Walker
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Brooks Building, Bonsall Street, Manchester M156GX, UK.
| | - Sarah Grogan
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Keira Scholtens
- Centre for Health Psychology, The Science Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke on-Trent, UK
| | | | - Brian McMillan
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher J. Armitage
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tracy Epton
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria I. Cordero
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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18
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Wilding S, Prudenzi A, Conner M, O'Connor DB. Do reasoned action approach variables mediate relationships between demographics and cervical cancer screening intentions or behaviour? An online study of women from the UK. Soc Sci Med 2022; 313:115354. [PMID: 36191387 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the UK, approximately 3,200 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year. Regular screening is one of the best ways to prevent cervical cancer from developing, yet screening rates are declining and vary by sociodemographic variables. The present stratified online study aimed to investigate relationships between sociodemographic factors and screening intentions and past behaviour. Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) variables were assessed as potential mediators. METHODS In total, 500 women living in the UK were recruited via an online research recruitment website to an online cross-sectional survey. Participant recruitment was stratified by age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity to ensure adequate representation of each strata. Participants completed measures on RAA variables (affective attitudes, cognitive attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, capability, autonomy, and intention) as well as screening past behaviour. RESULTS Among the demographic variables, age, ethnicity and deprivation were significantly related to screening intention. Younger women, those from less deprived areas, along with white women were more likely to report higher intentions to attend screening. Past behaviour was significantly negatively predicted by deprivation only, indicating that individuals from less deprived areas were more likely to be up to date with their screening. Both intention and past behaviour were significantly positively correlated with all RAA variables. Capability and cognitive attitude partially mediated the relationship between age and intention and fully mediated the relationship between ethnicity and intention. Capability fully mediated the relationships between deprivation and intention and between deprivation and past behaviour. CONCLUSION Intentions toward attending cervical cancer screening are related to age, ethnicity, and level of deprivation, with older women and those from areas of greater deprivation and ethnic minority groups reporting lower intentions. Capability (confidence engaging in cervical screening) and cognitive attitudes (how useful/beneficial screening is seen to be) are key variables to target to promote cervical screening attendance and reduce potential inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Arianna Prudenzi
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
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19
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Pownall M, Conner M, Hutter RRC. Blame it on her 'baby brain'? Investigating the contents of social stereotypes about pregnant women's warmth and competence. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 62:692-707. [PMID: 36250955 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Stereotype Content Model proposes that social stereotypes broadly exist along two dimensions: warmth and competence. This framework has been used to investigate the contents of stereotypes of gendered groups in a range of contexts. However, it has not been extensively applied to perceptions of pregnant women. This is important, given how pregnant women are typically framed by society to have 'baby brain' or reduced competence. Therefore, we investigated the contents of social stereotypes of pregnant women. In Study 1, participants (N = 590) rated a target group (pregnant women) and thirteen other comparison groups on perceptions of warmth (compassion, empathy and comfort) and competence (mathematics ability, logic and memory). Pregnant women were generally stereotyped to have low competence and high warmth, relative to other groups. Study 2 (N = 54) then descriptively investigated the wider contents of stereotypes related to pregnant women, new mothers, men and women using a trait generation task. Generated traits were coded within the dimensions of warmth and competence. This showed, again, that pregnant women were assigned traits related to warmth and poor competence. Taken together, these studies confirmed that perceptions of low competence and 'baby brain' in pregnancy is broadly held by a non-pregnant sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Conner M, Wilding S, Wright CE, Sheeran P. How Does Self-Control Promote Health Behaviors? A Multi-Behavior Test of Five Potential Pathways. Ann Behav Med 2022; 57:313-322. [PMID: 36206193 PMCID: PMC10094954 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-control is generally defined as the capacity to override impulses and is a robust predictor of health behaviors. This paper integrates trait, reasoned action, and habit approaches to develop and test a mechanistic account of how self-control influences health actions. PURPOSE We tested five potential pathways from self-control to behavior, termed the valuation, prioritization, habituation, translation, and inhibition routes. METHODS At baseline, participants (N = 663 adults) completed survey measures of reasoned action approach variables and habits in relation to eight health behaviors and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Three months later, participants reported their behavior. Multi-level modeling was used to test pathways across behaviors. RESULTS Supporting the valuation route, affective attitude, cognitive attitude, descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control mediated the self-control-intention relation, and intentions and perceived behavioral control mediated the relationship between self-control and health behaviors. Self-control also predicted the priority accorded to different considerations during intention formation. Higher self-control was associated with stronger prediction by cognitive attitudes and perceived behavioral control and weaker prediction by habits and injunctive norms. Self-control predicted habit formation, and habits mediated the self-control-behavior relation. Finally, self-control was associated with the improved translation of intentions into health behaviors and with greater inhibition of affective and habitual influences. Findings for the different pathways were not moderated by whether approach (health-protective behaviors) or avoidance responses (health-risk behaviors) were at issue. CONCLUSIONS The present research offers new insights into why self-control promotes health behavior performance, and how deficits in self-control might be offset in future behavior-change interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Charles E Wright
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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21
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Abstract
This manuscript overviews recent research on the intention-behavior gap, focusing on moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. The manuscript draws on the concept of intention strength to make two important points. First, strong intentions provide better predictions of behavior, thereby reducing the intention-behavior gap. However, strong intentions have the additional features of being more stable over time, less pliable in the face of interventions to change them, and more likely to bias information processing about engaging in the behavior. These four features of intention strength are not independent. For example, stable intentions are likely to provide better predictions of behavior. Second, various predictors of strength (e.g., importance, certainty, extremity) may also constitute important, but little studied, moderators of the intention-behavior relationship. Moreover, the effects of these moderators of the intention-behavior relationship may be mediated through intention stability (and perhaps other features of intention strength). Future research on the intention-behavior gap would benefit from a more systematic consideration of a broad range of moderators of the intention-behavior relationship both individually and in combination. In addition, future research could usefully explore how these moderating effects might be explained. Such a systematic approach may further our understanding of the intention-behavior gap in relation to physical activity and other behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark Conner,
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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22
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Albutt A, Roland D, Lawton R, Conner M, O’Hara J. Capturing Parents' Perspectives of Child Wellness to Support Identification of Acutely Unwell Children in the Emergency Department. J Patient Saf 2022; 18:410-414. [PMID: 35948290 PMCID: PMC9329037 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early signs of serious illness can be difficult to recognize in children and a delayed response can result in poor outcomes. Drawing on the unique knowledge of parents and carers may improve identification of the deteriorating child. However, there is a lack of evidence exploring parental perspectives as part of track and trigger systems. This study examines the utility of capturing parent-reported child wellness, using the Patient Wellness Questionnaire for Pediatrics, to support identification of acutely unwell children presenting to the Emergency Department. METHODS Parent-reported child wellness was recorded alongside the Pediatric Observation Priority Score (POPS), a multidimensional scoring system akin to a Pediatric Early Warning Score, used as part of routine care. Multiple linear regression assessed the independent effects of 3 variables (parent-reported child wellness, nurse concern, and child age) on POPS and hospital admission. RESULTS Data were collected for 407 children. All 3 variables explained a statistically significant proportion of variance in POPS (F(3, 403) = 7.525, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.053), with parent-reported child wellness (B = 0.223, SE = 0.054, β = 0.202, P < 0.001) having the strongest effect. Approximately 10% of the children with no physiological derangement were rated as "very poorly" by their parents. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that parents have insight in to the wellness of their children that is reflected in the physiological assessment. Some parents' perceptions about their child's wellness were not consistent with the score captured in the same assessment. More work is needed to understand how to use and address parental perspectives and concerns to support clinical decision making and the management of acute illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Albutt
- From the Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford
| | - Damian Roland
- Paediatric Emergency Medicine Leicester Academic (PEMLA) Group, Children’s Emergency Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester
- SAPPHIRE Group, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Rebecca Lawton
- From the Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Jane O’Hara
- From the Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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23
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Pownall M, Conner M, Hutter RRC. ‘Baby brain’ in pregnancy: A review of social psychological explanations and future research directions. Social & Personality Psych 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology University of Leeds Leeds UK
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24
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Abstract
Background Preventive behaviors continue to play an important role in reducing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Purpose This study aimed to apply the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict Covid-19 preventive intentions and behavior and to test whether temporal stability moderates relations between RAA constructs and behavior. Methods A representative sample of UK adults (N = 603) completed measures of RAA variables (i.e., experiential attitudes, instrumental attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, capacity, autonomy and intention) in relation to six Covid-19 preventive behaviors (i.e., wearing face coverings, social distancing, hand sanitizing, avoiding the three Cs [closed spaces, crowded places, and close contacts], cleaning surfaces, and coughing/sneezing etiquette) at baseline (December 2020) and after 1 month. Self-reported behavior was assessed at baseline and after 1 and 2 months. Results The RAA was predictive of Covid-19 preventive intentions at time 1 and time 2; instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, and capability were the strongest predictors at each time point. The RAA also predicted subsequent behavior across time points with intention, descriptive norms, and capability the strongest/most consistent predictors. Temporal stability moderated a number of RAA–behavior relationships including those for intention, descriptive norms, and capability. In each case, the relationships became stronger as temporal stability increased. Conclusions Health cognitions as outlined in the RAA provide appropriate targets for interventions to promote Covid-19 preventive intentions and behavior. Moreover, given that continued performance of Covid-19 preventive behaviors is crucial for reducing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the results highlight the need for consistent messaging from governments and public health organizations to promote positive intentions and maintain preventive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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25
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Groves-Williams D, McHugh GA, Bennell KL, Comer C, Hensor EMA, Conner M, Nelligan RK, Hinman RS, Kingsbury SR, Conaghan PG. Evaluation of two electronic-rehabilitation programmes for persistent knee pain: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063608. [PMID: 36194515 PMCID: PMC9171213 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent, knee pain is a common cause of disability. Education and exercise treatment are advocated in all clinical guidelines; however, the increasing prevalence of persistent knee pain presents challenges for health services regarding appropriate and scalable delivery of these treatments. Digital technologies may help address this, and this trial will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of two electronic-rehabilitation interventions: 'My Knee UK' and 'Group E-Rehab'. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol describes a non-blinded, randomised feasibility trial with three parallel groups. The trial aims to recruit 90 participants (45 years or older) with a history of persistent knee pain consistent with a clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The 'My Knee UK' intervention arm will receive a self-directed unsupervised internet-based home exercise programme plus short message service support (targeting exercise behaviour change) for 12 weeks; the 'Group E-Rehab' intervention arm will receive group-based physiotherapist-prescribed home exercises delivered via videoconferencing accompanied by internet-interactive educational sessions for 12 weeks; the control arm will receive usual physiotherapy care or continue with their usual self-management (depending on their recruitment path). Feasibility variables, patient-reported outcomes and clinical findings measured at baseline, 3 and 9 months will be assessed and integrated with qualitative interview data from a subset of Group E-Rehab and My Knee UK participants. If considered feasible and acceptable, a definitive randomised controlled trial can be conducted to investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of one or both interventions with a view to implementation in routine care. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial was approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 5 (Reference: 20/WS/0006). The results of the study will be disseminated to study participants, the study grant funder and will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15564385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Groves-Williams
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Gretl A McHugh
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Kim L Bennell
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Comer
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- Musculoskeletal and Rehabilitation Service, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Elizabeth M A Hensor
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Rachel K Nelligan
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rana S Hinman
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne Centre for Health Exercise and Sports Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah R Kingsbury
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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26
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Shukri M, Jones F, Conner M. Theory of planned behaviour, psychological stressors and intention to avoid violating traffic rules: A Multi-Level modelling analysis. Accid Anal Prev 2022; 169:106624. [PMID: 35272222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study applies a multilevel model approach to test the predictive effect of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) plus moral norm, past behaviour and crash history to account for intentions to avoid traffic violations within the context of commuting to or from work. This study also extended the theory by adding psychological stressors of perceived stress and work-family conflict. In this study, we systematically tested the direct and mediated models. A sample of Malaysian drivers (N = 482; 44.6% were men and 55.4% women), with the average age of 36.7 years (SD = 10.0) was surveyed. The self-report questionnaire contained multiple observations nested within individual drivers, with respect to 3 different driving violations. As predicted, multi-level modelling showed that within-person predictor variables of all the TPB components emerged as independent predictors, with injunctive norm being the most predictive variable, followed by self-efficacy and cognitive attitude. Intention was also predicted by moral norms and crash history. Between-person variables, gender, commuting hours and work-family conflict also had direct influences on intention (i.e., men and those with longer commuting hours and higher work-family conflict reported lower intentions). Substantial support for the mediation model was found, confirming that stressors indirectly influence intentions through effects on the social cognitive components. The implications of the linkage between the social cognition and stressors for developing potential broader interventions focusing on multiple violation behaviours and designing appropriate safety policies to reduce commuting crashes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Shukri
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Fiona Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK.
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27
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Conner M, Wilding S, Prestwich A, Hutter R, Hurling R, Harreveld FV, Abraham C, Sheeran P. Goal prioritization and behavior change: Evaluation of an intervention for multiple health behaviors. Psychol Health 2022; 41:356-365. [PMID: 35467903 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Goal prioritization is a promising strategy for promoting health behavior change. The present research (a) tested whether goal prioritization engenders change in multiple health behaviors, (b) compared the effectiveness of prioritizing one versus two health behavior goals, and (c) assessed whether prioritization compromises the performance of nonprioritized behaviors. METHOD Participants (N = 1,802) were randomly allocated to one of two intervention conditions (prioritize one vs. two behaviors) or two no-prioritization, control conditions. Participants in the intervention conditions self-selected the behavior(s) to prioritize from a given set. Goal priority and behavioral performance were assessed 8 weeks later. RESULTS The prioritization interventions were successful in promoting goal priority and led to significantly greater behavior change compared to both control conditions. Prioritizing two health behavior goals led to increased behavioral performance compared to prioritizing a single goal. Goal prioritization did not lead to a decline in rates of performance of nonprioritized behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The present findings offer new evidence that goal prioritization is effective in promoting health behavior change. Prioritizing health goals engenders behavior change for both one and two focal behaviors and does so without adversely affecting the performance of nonprioritized health behaviors. Further tests of interventions to promote the priority of health goals are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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28
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Griffin B, Conner M, Norman P. Applying an extended protection motivation theory to predict Covid-19 vaccination intentions and uptake in 50-64 year olds in the UK. Soc Sci Med 2022; 298:114819. [PMID: 35245755 PMCID: PMC8867961 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To examine the correlates of Covid-19 vaccination intentions and subsequent uptake as outlined in an extended version of protection motivation theory (PMT). Design A two-wave online survey conducted at the start of the vaccination rollout to 50–64 year olds in the UK and three months later. Measures Unvaccinated UK adults (N = 438) aged 50–64 completed baseline measures from PMT (perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, maladaptive response rewards, response efficacy, self-efficacy, response costs, intention) as well as measures of injunctive and descriptive norms, demographics, Covid-19 experiences, and past influenza vaccine uptake. Self-reported uptake of a Covid-19 vaccination was assessed three months later (n = 420). Results The extended PMT explained 59% of the variance in Covid-19 vaccination intentions, after controlling for demographics, Covid-19 experiences, and past influenza vaccine uptake. All extended PMT variables, with the exception of perceived severity and descriptive norms, were significant independent predictors of intention. In line with national figures, 94% of the sample reported having received a Covid-19 vaccination at follow-up with intention found to be the key predictor of uptake. Conclusions Interventions to increase Covid-19 vaccination uptake need to increase intentions to be vaccinated by emphasizing the benefits of vaccination (e.g., in terms of reducing risk) and likely approval from others while also addressing the concerns (e.g., safety issues) and common misperceptions (e.g., natural immunity versus vaccines) that people might have about Covid-19 vaccines. Future research is needed in countries, and on groups, with lower uptake rates.
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Richetin J, Caputo V, Demartini E, Conner M, Perugini M. Organic food labels bias food healthiness perceptions: Estimating healthiness equivalence using a Discrete Choice Experiment. Appetite 2022; 172:105970. [PMID: 35150793 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals perceive organic food as being healthier and containing fewer calories than conventional foods. We provide an alternative way to investigate this organic halo effect using a mirrored method to Choice Experiments applied to healthiness judgments. In an experimental study (N = 415), we examined whether healthiness judgments toward a 200g cookie box are impacted by the organic label, nutrition information (fat and sugar levels), and price and determined the relative importance of these attributes. In particular, we assessed whether food with an organic label could contain more fat or sugar and yet be judged to be of equivalent healthiness to food without this label. We hoped to estimate the magnitude of any such effect. Moreover, we explored whether these effects were obtained when including a widely used system for labeling food healthiness, the Traffic Light System. Although participants' healthiness choices were mainly driven by the reported fat and sugar content, the organic label also influenced healthiness judgments. Participants showed an organic halo effect leading them to consider the organic cookie as healthy as a conventional one despite containing more fat and sugar. Specifically, they considered the organic cookie as equivalent in healthiness to a conventional one, although containing 14% more of the daily reference intake for sugar and 30% more for fat. These effects did not change when including the Traffic Light System. This effect of the organic label could have implications for fat and sugar intake and consequent impacts on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzina Caputo
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, Italy
| | - Eugenio Demartini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Italy
| | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
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Velikova G, Absolom K, Hewison J, Holch P, Warrington L, Avery K, Richards H, Blazeby J, Dawkins B, Hulme C, Carter R, Glidewell L, Henry A, Franks K, Hall G, Davidson S, Henry K, Morris C, Conner M, McParland L, Walker K, Hudson E, Brown J. Electronic self-reporting of adverse events for patients undergoing cancer treatment: the eRAPID research programme including two RCTs. Programme Grants Appl Res 2022. [DOI: 10.3310/fdde8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background
Cancer is treated using multiple modalities (e.g. surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapies) and is frequently associated with adverse events that affect treatment delivery and quality of life. Regular adverse event reporting could improve care and safety through timely detection and management. Information technology provides a feasible monitoring model, but applied research is needed. This research programme developed and evaluated an electronic system, called eRAPID, for cancer patients to remotely self-report adverse events.
Objectives
The objectives were to address the following research questions: is it feasible to collect adverse event data from patients’ homes and in clinics during cancer treatment? Can eRAPID be implemented in different hospitals and treatment settings? Will oncology health-care professionals review eRAPID reports for decision-making? When added to usual care, will the eRAPID intervention (i.e. self-reporting with tailored advice) lead to clinical benefits (e.g. better adverse event control, improved patient safety and experiences)? Will eRAPID be cost-effective?
Design
Five mixed-methods work packages were conducted, incorporating co-design with patients and health-care professionals: work package 1 – development and implementation of the electronic platform across hospital centres; work package 2 – development of patient-reported adverse event items and advice (systematic and scoping reviews, patient interviews, Delphi exercise); work package 3 – mapping health-care professionals and care pathways; work package 4 – feasibility pilot studies to assess patient and clinician acceptability; and work package 5 – a single-centre randomised controlled trial of systemic treatment with a full health economic assessment.
Setting
The setting was three UK cancer centres (in Leeds, Manchester and Bristol).
Participants
The intervention was developed and evaluated with patients and clinicians. The systemic randomised controlled trial included 508 participants who were starting treatment for breast, colorectal or gynaecological cancer and 55 health-care professionals. The radiotherapy feasibility pilot recruited 167 patients undergoing treatment for pelvic cancers. The surgical feasibility pilot included 40 gastrointestinal cancer patients.
Intervention
eRAPID is an online system that allows patients to complete adverse event/symptom reports from home or hospital. The system provides immediate severity-graded advice based on clinical algorithms to guide self-management or hospital contact. Adverse event data are transferred to electronic patient records for review by clinical teams. Patients complete an online symptom report every week and whenever they experience symptoms.
Main outcome measures
In systemic treatment, the primary outcome was Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General, Physical Well-Being score assessed at 6, 12 and 18 weeks (primary end point). Secondary outcomes included cost-effectiveness assessed through the comparison of health-care costs and quality-adjusted life-years. Patient self-efficacy was measured (using the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Diseases 6-item Scale). The radiotherapy pilot studied feasibility (recruitment and attrition rates) and selection of outcome measures. The surgical pilot examined symptom report completeness, system actions, barriers to using eRAPID and technical performance.
Results
eRAPID was successfully developed and introduced across the treatments and centres. The systemic randomised controlled trial found no statistically significant effect of eRAPID on the primary end point at 18 weeks. There was a significant effect at 6 weeks (adjusted difference least square means 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.12 to 2.05; p = 0.028) and 12 weeks (adjusted difference least square means 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 1.98; p = 0.0395). No between-arm differences were found for admissions or calls/visits to acute oncology or chemotherapy delivery. Health economic analyses over 18 weeks indicated no statistically significant difference between the cost of the eRAPID information technology system and the cost of usual care (£12.28, 95% confidence interval –£1240.91 to £1167.69; p > 0.05). Mean differences were small, with eRAPID having a 55% probability of being cost-effective at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-recommended cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Patient self-efficacy was greater in the intervention arm (0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.83; p = 0.0073). Qualitative interviews indicated that many participants found eRAPID useful for support and guidance. Patient adherence to adverse-event symptom reporting was good (median compliance 72.2%). In the radiotherapy pilot, high levels of consent (73.2%) and low attrition rates (10%) were observed. Patient quality-of-life outcomes indicated a potential intervention benefit in chemoradiotherapy arms. In the surgical pilot, 40 out of 91 approached patients (44%) consented. Symptom report completion rates were high. Across the studies, clinician intervention engagement was varied. Both patient and staff feedback on the value of eRAPID was positive.
Limitations
The randomised controlled trial methodology led to small numbers of patients simultaneously using the intervention, thus reducing overall clinician exposure to and engagement with eRAPID. Furthermore, staff saw patients across both arms, introducing a contamination bias and potentially reducing the intervention effect. The health economic results were limited by numbers of missing data (e.g. for use of resources and EuroQol-5 Dimensions).
Conclusions
This research provides evidence that online symptom monitoring with inbuilt patient advice is acceptable to patients and clinical teams. Evidence of patient benefit was found, particularly during the early phases of treatment and in relation to self-efficacy. The findings will help improve the intervention and guide future trial designs.
Future work
Definitive trials in radiotherapy and surgical settings are suggested. Future research during systemic treatments could study self-report online interventions to replace elements of traditional follow-up care in the curative setting. Further research during modern targeted treatments (e.g. immunotherapy and small-molecule oral therapy) and in metastatic disease is recommended.
Trial registration
The systemic randomised controlled trial is registered as ISRCTN88520246. The radiotherapy trial is registered as ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02747264.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 10, No. 1. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Velikova
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kate Absolom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jenny Hewison
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Patricia Holch
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Psychology Group, School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Lorraine Warrington
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kerry Avery
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hollie Richards
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jane Blazeby
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bryony Dawkins
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Health Economics Group, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Robert Carter
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Liz Glidewell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ann Henry
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Franks
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Geoff Hall
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Karen Henry
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lucy McParland
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katrina Walker
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eleanor Hudson
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Brown
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measures exist to improve early recognition of and response to deteriorating patients in hospital. However, management of critical illness remains a problem globally; in the United Kingdom, 7% of the deaths reported to National Reporting and Learning System from acute hospitals in 2015 related to failure to recognize or respond to deterioration. The current study explored whether routinely recording patient-reported wellness is associated with objective measures of physiology to support early recognition of hospitalized deteriorating patients. METHODS A prospective observation study design was used. Nurses on four inpatient wards were invited to participate and record patient-reported wellness during every routine observation (where possible) using an electronic observation system. Linear multilevel modeling was used to examine the relationship between patient-reported wellness, and national early warning scores (NEWS), and whether patient-reported wellness predicted subsequent NEWS. RESULTS A significant positive relationship was found between patient-reported wellness and NEWS recorded at the next observation while controlling for baseline NEWS (β = 0.180, P = 0.033). A significant positive relationship between patient-reported wellness and NEWS (β = 0.229, P = 0.005) recorded during an observation 24 hours later while controlling for baseline NEWS was also found. Patient-reported wellness added to the predictive model for subsequent NEWS. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary findings suggest that patient-reported wellness may predict subsequent improvement or decline in their condition as indicated by objective measurements of physiology (NEWS). Routinely recording patient-reported wellness during observation shows promise for supporting the early recognition of clinical deterioration in practice, although confirmation in larger-scale studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Albutt
- From the Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary
| | - Jane O’Hara
- From the Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary
- School of Medicine
| | - Mark Conner
- From the Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lawton
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Wilding S, O'Connor DB, Conner M. Financial incentives for bowel cancer screening: Results from a mixed methods study in the United Kingdom. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 27:741-755. [PMID: 34747113 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of bowel cancer screening is to test for signs of cancer before symptoms develop. Financial incentives are one potential method to increase participation rates. Few studies have tested incentives in relation to bowel screening in the United Kingdom (UK). The current research explored reactions to different financial incentives to participate in population-level bowel cancer screening in a UK sample. DESIGN An online mixed methods study. Recruitment was via a study recruitment website (https://prolific.ac/). METHODS 499 participants (aged 60-74 years) completed a survey on invitations for population-level bowel cancer screening using different levels of financial incentives. RESULT Respondents were generally positive about the use of financial incentives. A £10 voucher was most frequently selected as the appropriate amount to incentivise screening participation. The current invitation method with no voucher was judged to be most acceptable but suggested to produce the lowest likelihood of others participating. Offering a £10 voucher that the NHS would not be charged for if not used was the second most acceptable invitation method. There were few differences between invitation methods on own perceived likelihood of participation in bowel screening. Offering a £10 voucher was seen as leading to the greatest likelihood of others participating in bowel screening. Findings were largely unaffected by participant demographics. CONCLUSION The use of small financial incentives to increase bowel cancer screening uptake was generally well received. Impacts of incentives on actual bowel screening rates in UK samples need to be established in the light of the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
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Carfora V, Cicia G, Conner M. Editorial: Mind the Sustainable Food: New Insights in Food Psychology. Front Psychol 2021; 12:725579. [PMID: 34616341 PMCID: PMC8488082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carfora
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Cicia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Shukri M, Jones F, Conner M. Work-family conflict and dangerous driving behaviours: The mediating role of affect. Stress Health 2021; 37:669-681. [PMID: 33434316 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the under-studied relationship between work-family conflict and dangerous driving behaviours in a sample of employees, and job-related affect as a mediator of this relationship. The sample consisted of 476 Malaysian drivers (44.7% male; 55.3% female) aged 19-60 years. The participants completed scales measuring bidirectional work family conflict (work interference with family[ WIF]; family interference with work [FIW]), job-related negative affect, dangerous driving behaviours and socio-demographics. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Our findings indicate that dangerous driving was predicted by FIW, but not WIF. As predicted, job-related negative affect fully mediated the relationship between WIF and dangerous driving. Furthermore, the effect of FIW on dangerous driving behaviours was partially due to negative affect at work. Mediation path was conditional upon gender, suggesting the indirect effects of the relationship between FIW and dangerous driving behaviours via job affect occurs in males but not females. The findings of this study may be useful as a starting point for both applied and theoretical investigations of the role of the psychological effects of juggling work and family responsibilities and affect in traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Shukri
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Capasso M, Caso D, Conner M. Anticipating pride or regret? Effects of anticipated affect focused persuasive messages on intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Soc Sci Med 2021; 289:114416. [PMID: 34562773 PMCID: PMC8452346 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that increase intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines is essential to maximise the vaccination campaign effectiveness. The present experimental study evaluated the effect of exposure to messages targeting cognitive attitude plus anticipated positive (pride) or negative (regret) affective reactions on intention to get vaccinated. Participants included 484 Italian adults randomly allocated to one of four conditions: 1) cognitive attitude message; 2) cognitive attitude plus positive affect message; 3) cognitive attitude plus negative affect message; 4) control condition (no message). Results showed that participants in the second condition reported greater intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 compared with those in the control condition. Parallel mediation analysis indicated that the effect of the second condition on intention was fully mediated by cognitive attitude and anticipated positive affect. These findings suggest that future campaigns aimed at promoting COVID-19 vaccination intention could usefully target both cognitive attitude and anticipated positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capasso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Daniela Caso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
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Schüz B, Conner M, Wilding S, Alhawtan R, Prestwich A, Norman P. Do socio-structural factors moderate the effects of health cognitions on COVID-19 protection behaviours? Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114261. [PMID: 34332252 PMCID: PMC8299154 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adherence to protection behaviours remains key to curbing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, but there are substantial differences in individual adherence to recommendations according to socio-structural factors. To better understand such differences, the current research examines whether relationships between health cognitions based on the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) and eight COVID-19 protection behaviours vary as a function of participant-level socio-structural factors. METHODS Within-person design with behaviours nested within participants in a two-wave online survey (one week delay) conducted during the UK national lockdown in April 2020. A UK representative sample of 477 adults completed baseline measures from the RAA plus perceived susceptibility and past behaviour for eight protection behaviours, and self-reported behaviour one week later. Moderated hierarchical linear models with cross-level interactions were used to test moderation of health cognitions by socio-structural factors (sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation). RESULTS Sex, ethnicity and deprivation moderated the effects of health cognitions on protection intentions and behaviour. For example, the effects of injunctive norms on intentions were stronger in men compared to women. Importantly, intention was a weaker predictor of behaviour in more compared to less deprived groups. In addition, there was evidence that perceived autonomy was a stronger predictor of behaviour in more deprived groups. CONCLUSION Socio-structural variables affect how health cognitions relate to recommended COVID-19 protection behaviours. As a result, behavioural interventions based on social-cognitive theories might be less effective in participants from disadvantaged backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rana Alhawtan
- University of Leeds, UK; Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
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Moss RH, Conner M, O'Connor DB. Exploring the effects of daily hassles and uplifts on eating behaviour in young adults: The role of daily cortisol levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105231. [PMID: 33895614 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Existing stress-eating research has shown that daily hassles are associated with increases in food intake and that cortisol reactivity to stress has been found to influence the stress-eating relationship. However, the moderating effects of daily cortisol levels (e.g., the cortisol awakening response, CAR) remain unknown. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that daily uplifts, as well as daily hassles, are important in understanding daily influences on eating behaviour. Therefore, in the same study, the current investigation explored the effects of daily hassles and uplifts on eating behaviour and whether these relationships were moderated by mean daily cortisol levels in young female adults. Forty-nine female participants (M age: 19.13 years) recorded the daily hassles and uplifts that they experienced over a 4-day period, together with the between-meal snacks they consumed each day, using an online daily diary. Cortisol samples were provided daily immediately upon waking, at +30 min and +12 h. Mean CAR and mean cortisol levels were calculated across the 4 days. Using multi-level modeling, daily hassles and uplifts were both significantly associated with greater unhealthy snacking. Daily uplifts, but not daily hassles, were also associated with lower healthy snack intake. Higher levels of mean CAR were associated with lower daily healthy snack intake. Moreover, the effects of daily uplifts on healthy snacking were found to be moderated by mean daily cortisol levels, such that participants with the highest levels of mean cortisol consumed less healthy snacks on days when they experienced uplifts. The current study provides novel evidence that mean daily cortisol levels, as well as daily hassles and uplifts, are implicated in daily snack consumption in young female adults. The role of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activity should be explored further in the context of the daily hassles/uplifts and eating behaviours relationship, in men and in individuals from lower socio-economic status and minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
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Conner M, Grogan S, Simms‐Ellis R, Cowap L, Armitage CJ, West R, Marshall A, Siddiqi K. Association between age at first reported e-cigarette use and subsequent regular e-cigarette, ever cigarette and regular cigarette use. Addiction 2021; 116:1839-1847. [PMID: 33394523 PMCID: PMC8609424 DOI: 10.1111/add.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Association of electronic cigarette use and subsequent smoking has received considerable attention, although age of first use has not. This study tested differences in regular (e-cigarettes, cigarettes) and ever (cigarettes) use between e-cigarette user groups: early versus never users, late versus never users, early versus late users and effects of controlling for covariates. DESIGN Prospective study with 12- and 24-month follow-up of e-cigarette/cigarette ever/regular use with data from an intervention. SETTING Forty-five schools in England (Staffordshire and Yorkshire). PARTICIPANTS Never smokers (3289 13-14-year-olds) who were part of a cluster randomized controlled trial. MEASUREMENTS The sample was divided into groups of e-cigarette users: early users (at 13-14 years), late users (at 14-15 years) and never users (at 13-14 and 14-15 years). Dependent variables were self-reported regular e-cigarette and cigarette use and ever cigarette use at 15-16 years. Covariates were assessed. FINDINGS Early and late users compared with never users were significantly more likely to be regular e-cigarette users [early: odds ratio (OR) = 9.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.38, 16.49, P < 0.001; late: OR = 6.89, 95% CI = 4.11, 11.54, P < 0.001], ever cigarette users (early: OR = 7.96, 95% CI = 6.02, 10.53, P < 0.001; late: OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 3.85, 6.84, P < 0.001) and regular cigarette users (early: OR = 7.80, 95% CI = 3.99, 15.27, P < 0.001; late: OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 1.93, 9.77, P < 0.001) at age 15-16 years. Late users compared with early users had significantly lower rates of ever use of cigarettes at 15-16 years (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.66, P < 0.001), although this difference was non-significant at 12 months after first use of e-cigarettes (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.25, P = 0.498). Controlling for covariates did not change the findings. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in England who report using e-cigarettes at age 13-14 years have higher rates of subsequently initiating cigarette use than adolescents who report using e-cigarettes at age 14-15 years, a difference that may be attributable to a longer period of time to initiate cigarette use in former group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of PsychologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Sarah Grogan
- Department of PsychologyManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | - Lisa Cowap
- Centre for Psychological Research, Science CentreStaffordshire UniversityStoke‐on‐TrentUK
| | - Christopher J. Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Robert West
- Institute of Health SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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Caso D, Capasso M, Fabbricatore R, Conner M. Understanding the psychosocial determinants of Italian parents' intentions not to vaccinate their children: an extended theory of planned behaviour model. Psychol Health 2021; 37:1111-1131. [PMID: 34180333 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1936522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the psychosocial factors involved in Italian parents' intentions not to vaccinate their children. For this purpose, we used an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which included both proximal and distal factors influencing intention not to vaccinate children. DESIGN Participants included 447 Italian parents, each completed an online questionnaire, which measured intention not to vaccinate children, attitude toward not vaccinating, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, anticipated regret, negative attitude toward vaccines, risk perception, trust in healthcare institutions, trust in science and religious morality. RESULTS Results showed that attitude toward not vaccinating was strongly associated with intention not to vaccinate children. Furthermore, attitude toward not vaccinating was associated with negative attitude toward vaccines, which in turn was affected by all the distal factors considered (risk perception, trust in healthcare institutions, trust in science, religious morality). Finally, negative attitude toward vaccines fully mediated the effect of the distal factors on attitude toward not vaccinating children. CONCLUSION These findings provide support for the validity of the proposed extended TPB model in explaining parents' intention not to vaccinate children. Theoretical and practical implications, in terms of understanding and promoting vaccination behaviour, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Capasso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Fabbricatore
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Wilding S, Kettu V, Thompson W, Howard P, Jeuken LJC, Pownall M, Conner M, Sandoe JAT. Development and randomized controlled trial of an animated film aimed at reducing behaviours for acquiring antibiotics. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab083. [PMID: 34223142 PMCID: PMC8251327 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis but reducing
antibiotic use can help. Some antibiotic use is driven by patient
demand. Objectives To develop an intervention to discourage antibiotic-seeking behaviour in
adults. Methods Literature reviewed to identify behaviours for acquiring antibiotics among
adults in the community. Behaviour change wheel approach was used to select
the target behaviour and behaviour change techniques. An intervention in the
form of a short animated film was developed and its potential impact
evaluated in a randomized, controlled, online questionnaire study. Results Asking a general medical/dental practitioner for antibiotics was identified
as the target behaviour. A short stop-motion animated film was chosen to
deliver several behaviour-change techniques. Education and persuasion were
delivered around information about the normal microbial flora, its
importance for health, the negative effect of antibiotics, and about AMR.
417 UK-based individuals completed the questionnaire; median age
34.5 years, 71% female, 91% white ethnicity.
3.8% of participants viewing the test film intended to ask for
antibiotics compared with 7.9% viewing the control film. Test film
viewers had significantly higher knowledge scores. At 6 week follow
up, knowledge scores remained significantly different, while most attitude
and intention scores were not different. Conclusions Some patients continue to ask for antibiotics. The film increased knowledge
and reduced intentions to ask for antibiotics. At 6 weeks, knowledge
gains remained but intentions not to ask for antibiotics had waned.
Evaluation in the clinical environment, probably at the point of care, is
needed to see if antibiotic prescribing can be impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Wendy Thompson
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip Howard
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Lars J C Jeuken
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan A T Sandoe
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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41
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Conner M, van Harreveld F, Norman P. Attitude stability as a moderator of the relationships between cognitive and affective attitudes and behaviour. Br J Soc Psychol 2021; 61:121-142. [PMID: 34117794 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temporal stability is assumed to be an important basis for attitudes being strong predictors of behaviour, but this notion has been little tested. The current research reports tests of temporal stability in moderating the attitude-behaviour relationship, specifically in relation to cognitive attitude (i.e., evaluation implied by cognitions about an attitude object) and affective attitude (i.e., evaluation implied by feelings about the attitude object). In three prospective studies (Study 1: physical activity, N = 909; Study 2: multiple health behaviours, N = 281; Study 3: smoking initiation, N = 3,371), temporal stability is shown to moderate the cognitive and affective attitudes to subsequent behaviour relationship in two-, three-, and four-wave designs utilizing between- (Studies 1 and 3) and within-participants (Study 2) analyses and controlling for past behaviour. Effects were more consistent for affective attitudes (when affective and cognitive attitudes were considered simultaneously and past behaviour controlled). Moderation effects were attenuated, but remained significant, in three- and four-wave compared with two-wave designs. The findings underline the role of temporal stability as an indicator of strength and confirm the relative importance of affective over cognitive (components of) attitudes for predicting behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology University of Leeds Leeds UK
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Abstract
Stress leads to detrimental health outcomes through direct biological and indirect behavioural changes. Stress can lead to disruption to normal eating behaviours, although the strength of these associations is unknown. This is the first meta-analysis to determine the strength of the stress-eating relationship in healthy adults and to explore the impact of potential moderators. Studies included had a clearly defined measure of stress (i.e., any noxious event or episode in one's environment with the exclusion of emotional distress) that was linked to non-disordered eating. Key terms were searched in Medline, PsycInfo and Ovid databases (23,104 studies identified). 54 studies (combined N = 119,820) were retained in the meta-analysis. A small, positive effect size was found for the stress-overall food intake relationship (Hedges' g = 0.114). Stress was associated with increased consumption of unhealthy foods (Hedges' g = 0.116) but decreased consumption of healthy foods (Hedges' g = -0.111). Only one significant moderator (restraint on stress-unhealthy eating) was identified. This meta-analysis identified the magnitude of the effect of stress on eating behaviour outcomes. Significant heterogeneity was observed that was not explained by the moderators examined. Further research on moderators of the stress-eating relationship is required and should distinguish effects for healthy versus unhealthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Faye Clancy
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rachael Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- School of Psychology and Sports Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
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St Quinton T, Morris B, Barwood MJ, Conner M. Promoting physical activity through text messages: the impact of attitude and goal priority messages. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:165-181. [PMID: 34104555 PMCID: PMC8158195 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1891073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many young adults demonstrate insufficient rates of physical activity (PA) to yield health benefits. The study tested the effectiveness of a text messaging intervention targeting key psychological determinants and PA. Methods Participants received either attitude messages, goal priority messages, a combination of these, or generic PA information (control). After confirming that groups were matched at baseline, a 2 (attitude: yes vs. no) by 2 (goal priority: yes vs. no) by 2 (time: immediately post-intervention, four weeks post-intervention) randomized control trial tested main and interactive effects. Results Results showed participants that received attitude messages had significantly more positive attitudes, intentions and rates of PA. Mediational analyses showed the influence of attitude messages on PA to be fully mediated through the serial path via attitude and intention. There were no other main or interactive effects. Conclusion The study provides support for using attitudinal messages delivered via text messaging to influence key psychological determinants and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom St Quinton
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Morris
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin J Barwood
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Absolom K, Warrington L, Hudson E, Hewison J, Morris C, Holch P, Carter R, Gibson A, Holmes M, Clayton B, Rogers Z, McParland L, Conner M, Glidewell L, Woroncow B, Dawkins B, Dickinson S, Hulme C, Brown J, Velikova G. Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial of eRAPID: eHealth Intervention During Chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:734-747. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic patient self-Reporting of Adverse-events: Patient Information and aDvice (eRAPID) is an online eHealth system for patients to self-report symptoms during cancer treatment. It provides automated severity-dependent patient advice guiding self-management or medical contact and displays the reports in electronic patient records. This trial evaluated the impact of eRAPID on symptom control, healthcare use, patient self-efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) in a patient population treated predominantly with curative intent. METHODS Patients with colorectal, breast, or gynecological cancers commencing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to usual care (UC) or the addition of eRAPID (weekly online symptom reporting for 18 weeks). Primary outcome was symptom control (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, Physical Well-Being subscale [FACT-PWB]) assessed at 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Secondary outcomes were processes of care (admissions or chemotherapy delivery), patient self-efficacy, and global quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General, EQ5D-VAS, and EORTC QLQ-C30 summary score). Multivariable mixed-effects repeated-measures models were used for analyses. Trial registration: ISRCTN88520246. RESULTS Participants were 508 consenting patients (73.6% of 690 eligible) and 55 health professionals. eRAPID compared to UC showed improved physical well-being at 6 ( P = .028) and 12 ( P = .039) weeks and no difference at 18 weeks (primary end point) ( P = .69). Fewer eRAPID patients (47%) had clinically meaningful physical well-being deterioration than UC (56%) at 12 weeks. Subgroup analysis found benefit in the nonmetastatic group at 6 weeks ( P = .0426), but not in metastatic disease. There were no differences for admissions or chemotherapy delivery. At 18 weeks, patients using eRAPID reported better self-efficacy ( P = .007) and better health on EQ5D-VAS ( P = .009). Average patient compliance with weekly symptom reporting was 64.7%. Patient adherence was associated with clinician's data use and improved FACT-PWB at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Real-time monitoring with electronic patient-reported outcomes improved physical well-being (6 and 12 weeks) and self-efficacy (18 weeks) in a patient population predominantly treated with curative intent, without increasing hospital workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Absolom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Warrington
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Hudson
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Hewison
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Morris
- Patient Representative, Independent Cancer Patients Voices, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Holch
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Psychology Group, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Carter
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gibson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Holmes
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly Clayton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Rogers
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy McParland
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Glidewell
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Woroncow
- Patient Representative, Research Advisory Group to Patient-Centred Outcomes Research at Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony Dawkins
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dickinson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Hulme
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Brown
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Galina Velikova
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Asendorpf JB, Conner M, De Fruyt F, De Houwer J, Denissen JJA, Fiedler K, Fiedler S, Funder DC, Kliegl R, Nosek BA, Perugini M, Roberts BW, Schmitt M, Van Aken MAG, Weber H, Wicherts JM. Recommendations for Increasing Replicability in Psychology. Eur J Pers 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Replicability of findings is at the heart of any empirical science. The aim of this article is to move the current replicability debate in psychology towards concrete recommendations for improvement. We focus on research practices but also offer guidelines for reviewers, editors, journal management, teachers, granting institutions, and university promotion committees, highlighting some of the emerging and existing practical solutions that can facilitate implementation of these recommendations. The challenges for improving replicability in psychological science are systemic. Improvement can occur only if changes are made at many levels of practice, evaluation, and reward. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens B. Asendorpf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Conner
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Filip De Fruyt
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan De Houwer
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaap J. A. Denissen
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Fiedler
- Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susann Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
| | - David C. Funder
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Reinhold Kliegl
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brian A. Nosek
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Brent W. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Hannelore Weber
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jelte M. Wicherts
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Ayres K, Prestwich A, Conner M, Smith P. Emotional Eating Moderates the Relationship between Implicit Measures of Attitudes and Chocolate Consumption. Eur J Pers 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eaters tend to eat more when emotionally aroused and their food–related actions are associated with lack of control. Two studies tested the hypothesis that implicit measures of attitudes would be more strongly associated with the dietary behaviour of emotional eaters. In both Study 1 ( N = 32) and Study 2 ( N = 101), participants completed the DEBQ sub–scale of emotional eating and implicit measures of attitude, explicit attitude and behaviour measures concerning chocolate consumption. In both studies, high emotional eaters were more likely than low emotional eaters to eat in line with their implicit measures of attitudes. The relationship between implicit measures of attitudes and food intake varies as a function of emotional eating style. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ayres
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark Conner
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Smith
- Psychology Department, Leeds Trinity University College, UK
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Jolijn Hendriks AA, Perugini M, Angleitner A, Ostendorf F, Johnson JA, De Fruyt F, Hřebíčková M, Kreitler S, Murakami T, Bratko D, Conner M, Nagy J, Rodríguez‐Fornells A, Ruisel I. The five‐factor personality inventory: cross‐cultural generalizability across 13 countries. Eur J Pers 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the structural invariance of the Five‐Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) across a variety of cultures. Self‐report data sets from ten European and three non‐European countries were available, representing the Germanic (Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands, USA), Romance (Italy, Spain), and Slavic branches (Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia) of the Indo‐European languages, as well as the Semito‐Hamitic (Israel) and Altaic (Hungary, Japan) language families. Each data set was subjected to principal component analysis, followed by varimax rotation and orthogonal Procrustes rotation to optimal agreement with (i) the Dutch normative structure and (ii) an American large‐sample structure. Three criteria (scree test, internal consistency reliabilities of the varimax‐rotated components, and parallel analysis) were used to establish the number of factors to be retained for rotation. Clear five‐factor structures were found in all samples except in the smallest one (USA, N = 97). Internal consistency reliabilities of the five components were generally good and high congruence was found between each sample structure and both reference structures. More than 80% of the items were equally stable within each country. Based on the results, an international FFPI reference structure is proposed. This reference structure can facilitate standardized communications about Big Five scores across research programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Jolijn Hendriks
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Perugini
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Alois Angleitner
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fritz Ostendorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - John A. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, DuBois, PA, USA
| | - Filip De Fruyt
- Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martina Hřebíčková
- Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Denis Bratko
- Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Janos Nagy
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Imrich Ruisel
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakias
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Stevens CJ, Baldwin AS, Bryan AD, Conner M, Rhodes RE, Williams DM. Affective Determinants of Physical Activity: A Conceptual Framework and Narrative Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:568331. [PMID: 33335497 PMCID: PMC7735992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on affective determinants of physical activity (PA) is growing rapidly. The present paper aims to provide greater clarity regarding the definition and distinctions among the various affect-related constructs that have been examined in relation to PA. Affective constructs are organized according to the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), including: (1) affective response (e.g., how one feels in response to PA behavior) to PA; (2) incidental affect (e.g., how one feels throughout the day, unrelated to the target behavior); (3) affect processing (e.g., affective associations, implicit attitudes, remembered affect, anticipated affective response, and affective judgments); and (4) affectively charged motivational states (e.g., intrinsic motivation, fear, and hedonic motivation). After defining each category of affective construct, we provide examples of relevant research showing how each construct may relate to PA behavior. We conclude each section with a discussion of future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Austin S. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Armitage CJ, Conner M, Prestwich A, de Bruin M, Johnston M, Sniehotta F, Epton T. Investigating which behaviour change techniques work for whom in which contexts delivered by what means: Proposal for an international collaboratory of Centres for Understanding Behaviour Change (CUBiC). Br J Health Psychol 2020; 26:1-14. [PMID: 33080120 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Behaviour change techniques are fundamental to the development of any behaviour change intervention, but surprisingly little is known about their properties. Key questions include when, why, how, in which contexts, for which behaviours, in what combinations, compared with what, and for whom behaviour change techniques are typically effective. The aims of the present paper are to: (1) articulate the scope of the challenge in understanding the properties of behaviour change techniques, (2) propose means by which to tackle this problem, and (3) call scientists to action. METHODS Iterative consensus (O'Connor et al., 2020, Br. J. Psychol., e12468) was used to elicit and distil the judgements of experts on how best to tackle the problem of understanding the nature and operation of behaviour change techniques. RESULTS We propose a worldwide network of 'Centres for Understanding Behaviour Change' (CUBiC) simultaneously undertaking research to establish what are the single and combined properties of behaviour change techniques across multiple behaviours and populations. We additionally provide a first attempt to systematize an approach that CUBiC could use to understand behaviour change techniques and to begin to harness the efforts of researchers worldwide. CONCLUSION Better understanding of behaviour change techniques is vital for improving behaviour change interventions to tackle global problems such as obesity and recovery from COVID-19. The CUBiC proposal is just one of many possible solutions to the problems that the world faces and is a call to action for scientists to work collaboratively to gain deeper understanding of the underpinnings of behaviour change interventions.
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