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Yang L, Xie G, Yang W, Wang R, Zhang B, Xu M, Sun L, Xu X, Xiang W, Cui X, Luo Y, Chung MC. Short-term effects of air pollution exposure on the risk of preterm birth in Xi'an, China. Ann Med 2023; 55:325-334. [PMID: 36598136 PMCID: PMC9828631 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2163282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term exposure to air pollution is known to be harmful to preterm birth (PTB), but little is known about the short-term effects. This study aims to quantify the short-term effect of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on PTB. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18,826 singleton PTBs were collected during the study period. Poisson regression model combined with the distributed lag non-linear model was applied to evaluate the short-term effects of PTBs and air pollutants. RESULTS Maternal exposure to NO2 was significantly associated increased risk of PTB at Lag1 (RR: 1.025, 95%CI: 1.003-1.047). In the moving average model, maternal exposure to NO2 significantly increased the risk of PTB at Lag01 (RR: 1.029, 95%CI: 1.004-1.054). In the cumulative model, maternal exposure to NO2 significant increased the risk of PTB at Cum01 (RR:1.026, 95%CI: 1.002-1.051), Cum02 (RR: 1.030, 95%CI: 1.003-1.059), and Cum03 (RR: 1.033, 95%CI: 1.002-1.066). The effects of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 on PTB were significant and greater in the cold season than the warm season. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 before delivery has a significant risk for PTB, particularly in the cold season.Key messagesMaternal exposure to NO2 was significant associated with an increased risk of preterm birth at the day 1 before delivery.Particle matter (PM2.5 and PM10) showed a significant short-term effect on preterm birth in the cold season.The effects of air pollutants on preterm birth was greater in the cold season compared with the warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Boxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- The National Medical Center Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wanwan Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,College of Nursing, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Xie G, Wang R, Yang W, Sun L, Xu M, Zhang B, Yang L, Shang L, Qi C, Chung MC. Associations among prenatal PM 2.5, birth weight, and renal function. Chemosphere 2022; 301:134668. [PMID: 35460673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight has long-term health effects, including neurodevelopmental delays, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes, through epigenetic changes and modifications. Numerous studies have identified that PM2.5 is associated with low birth weight. However, the association between PM2.5 and renal function, as well as the mediated effect of renal function on the association between prenatal PM2.5 and birth weight are still under-recognized. METHODS A total of 8969 singleton live births born in 2015-2019 were included in this study. The inverse distance weighting method was applied to interpolate and calculate the average exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy for each pregnant woman. The multiple linear regression model was used to shed light on the associations among prenatal PM2.5, birth weight, and renal function. In addition, the mediation analysis was performed to figure out the mediated effect of renal function on the association between prenatal PM2.5 and birth weight, and the proportion of mediated effect = (indirect effect/total effect) × 100%. RESULTS Per 10 μg/m3 increment of prenatal PM2.5 was associated with 8.98 g (95% CI: -16.94 to -1.02) decrease of birth weight, 0.49 (95% CI: -0.73 to -0.26) ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.05) mmol/L increase of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 2.29 (95% CI: 0.86-3.72) μmol/L increase of uric acid (UA) after adjusting for the sociodemographic covariates, disease-related covariates and meteorological factors. Besides, the mediated effects of GFR and BUN on the association between prenatal PM2.5 and birth weight were 5.02% and 14.96%, but there was no significant mediated effect being identified in UA. CONCLUSION Prenatal PM2.5 is related to reduced birth weight and impaired renal function. Renal function plays a partial role in the association between prenatal PM2.5 and birth weight. Appropriate guidelines should be formulated by the concerned authorities, and adequate efforts should be made to mitigate the detrimental health effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Massachusetts Boston, USA
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Xie G, Yue J, Yang W, Yang L, Xu M, Sun L, Zhang B, Guo L, Chung MC. Effects of PM 2.5 and its constituents on hemoglobin during the third trimester in pregnant women. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35193-35203. [PMID: 35060058 PMCID: PMC9076737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anemia has been a public health issue evoking global concern, and the low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration links to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the associations of PM2.5 and its constituents with Hb and anemia in pregnant women remain unclear. In this retrospective birth cohort study, 7932 pregnant women who delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2015 to 2018 were included. The Hb during the third trimester in pregnant women was assessed before delivery. PM2.5 and its constituents (BC, NH4+, NO3-, OM, SO42-, and Dust) during pregnancy were retrieved from the V4.CH.03 product constructed by the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. Generalized linear regression model was applied to investigate the effects of PM2.5 and its constituents on Hb and anemia during the third trimester in pregnant women. The means and standard deviations of PM2.5, BC, NH4+, NO3-, OM, SO42-, and Dust were 69.56 (15.24), 10.02 (2.72), 8.11 (1.77), 14.96 (5.42), 15.36 (4.11), 10.08 (1.20), and 10.98 (1.85) μg/m3, respectively. Per IQR increase (μg/m3) of PM2.5, BC, NO3-, and OM linked to - 0.75 (- 1.50, - 0.01), - 0.85 (- 1.65, - 0.04), - 0.79 (- 1.56, - 0.03), and - 0.73 (- 1.44, - 0.03) g/L decrease of Hb during the third trimester in multiparous pregnant women, but not for NH4+, SO42-, Dust, and primiparous pregnant women. PM2.5 and its constituents had no significant association with anemia, except for Dust (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.99, per IQR increase) in primiparous pregnant women. Besides, SO42- was of lag effects on Hb and anemia in multiparous pregnant women. Moreover, non-linear associations were found among PM2.5 and its constituents, Hb, and anemia. Therefore, exposure to PM2.5 and some constituents of PM2.5 was associated with reduced Hb level during the third trimester in multiparous pregnant women. Related departments and pregnant women should take targeted actions to eliminate the detrimental effects of PM2.5 and its constituents on pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Leqian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shang L, Yang L, Yang W, Xie G, Wang R, Sun L, Xu M, Zhang B, Li J, Yue J, Chung MC. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of macrosomia: Identifying windows of susceptibility. Sci Total Environ 2022; 818:151775. [PMID: 34808172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on the risk of macrosomia and its window of susceptibility. We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing records of birth certificates for all full-term live newborns born in Xi'an city, China from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018.Weekly- and trimester-specific exposures of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 during pregnancy were calculated by inverse distance weighting (IDW) based on their residences. Cox proportional hazard model and distributed lag models (DLMs) were performed to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on macrosomia risk and its window of susceptibility. In total, 318,323 full-term newborns were identified, including 24,996 (7.8%) cases of macrosomia. An IQR increase in PM2.5 exposure (45.46 μg/m3) from the 33rd until the 37th weeks of gestation was positively associated with an elevated risk of macrosomia, with the strongest effect in the 37th weeks (HR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.002-1.013). The window of susceptibility for NO2 exposure on macrosomia risk was in the 29th-35th gestational weeks, with the strongest effect in the 34th weeks (IQR = 21.96 μg/m3, HR = 1.006, 95%CI:1.000-1.013). For prenatal exposure to O3, 5th-24th weeks of gestation was identified as susceptible windows for elevated risk of macrosomia, with the strongest associations observed in the 15th weeks (IQR = 80.53 μg/m3, HR = 1.022, 95%CI: 1.011-1.033). However, we did not observe any associations between weekly exposure of PM10 and macrosomia. Our findings imply that the windows of susceptibility to PM2.5 and NO2 exposure on macrosomia are mainly in late pregnancy, whereas the windows of susceptibility to O3 exposure are in early and middle pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, PR China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Boxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, MA, Boston, United States
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Wang R, Xu M, Yang W, Xie G, Yang L, Shang L, Zhang B, Guo L, Yue J, Zeng L, Chung MC. Maternal sleep during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1262-1276. [PMID: 35171528 PMCID: PMC9248434 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM/INTRODUCTION Sleep problem is an important public health concern worldwide. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate whether sleep duration associated with pregnancy outcomes, and the associations were modified by important characteristics of studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Basing on PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, we searched for the published literature related to maternal sleep duration and adverse pregnancy outcomes before 30 June, 2021. We conducted risk of bias assessment, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis. The relative risks (RR) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the pooled effects. RESULTS 5246 references were identified through databases searching, 41 studies were included in the study. Pregnant with short sleep duration had 1.81 times (95% CI 1.35-2.44, P < 0.001) risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The association between short sleep duration and the risk of gestational hypertension (GH), cesarean section (CS), low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) were not significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, long sleep duration was significantly correlated with GDM (OR 1.24. 95% CI 1.12-1.36, P < 0.001) and CS (OR 1.13. 95% CI 1.04-1.22, P = 0.004), while long sleep duration was not linked with GH, LBW, PTB and SGA (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Short / long sleep duration appeared to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, specifically with an increased risk of GDM. Sleep should be systematically screened in the obstetric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Li Shang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Boxing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Leqian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Maternal & Child Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts Boston, United States of America
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Xie G, Sun L, Yang W, Wang R, Shang L, Yang L, Qi C, Xin J, Yue J, Chung MC. Maternal exposure to PM 2.5 was linked to elevated risk of stillbirth. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131169. [PMID: 34146867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more studies began to explore the hazardous health effects of PM2.5, but few reported its impacts on stillbirth. The sparse results were inconsistent and remained to be integrated. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the association between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and stillbirth. METHODS In this meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for related articles written in English and published before October 18, 2020. Study selection was conducted according to the predetermined criteria and data attraction was done with predesigned form. A new instrument was applied to conduct the risk of bias assessment. And random-effect models were used to pool the estimates. RESULTS A total of 3655 records were identified from the databases, but only 7 studies were ultimately included in this study. Positive association was found between the maternal exposure to PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3 increased) in the entire pregnancy (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25) and third trimester (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18) and stillbirth, but the association between the maternal exposure to PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3 increased) in the first trimester (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90-1.13) and second trimester (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98-1.14) and stillbirth was not statistically significant. Besides, there was no publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to PM2.5 in the entire pregnancy and third trimester was associated with elevated risk of stillbirth. However, due to the high heterogeneity, further pathophysiological researches and high quality population studies were still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
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Penkert LP, Li R, Huang J, Gurcan A, Chung MC, Wallace TC. Pork consumption and its relationship to human nutrition and health: a scoping review. Meat and Muscle Biology 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork is a frequently consumed red meat that provides substantial amounts of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients to the diet. Its role in human nutrition and health is controversial and a plethora of data exist in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of clinical and population-based studies to assess the effects of pork consumption on human nutrition and health. Results are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. Data were extracted from 86 studies, including 16 randomized controlled trials, 1 uncontrolled trial, 7 cohort studies, 4 nonrandomized controlled trials, 4 case-cohort and nested case-control studies, 33 case-control studies, and 21 cross-sectional studies. Intervention studies were conducted in healthy individuals and were short to moderate in duration. The effect of pork intake on patients’ nutrient status was the most commonly assessed outcome. The majority of observational studies assessed the effect of pork on cancer incidence, but no studies assessed the effects of pork on inflammation or oxidative stress. No interventional studies explored diabetes mellitus risk, and only one study assessed cancer risk associated with pork consumption. Several micronutrients in pork, including zinc, iron, selenium, choline, thiamin, and vitamins B6 and vitamin B12, are thought to influence cognitive function and may prove to be a unique area of research. To date, there is a dearth of high-quality randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of pork intake on disease risk factors and outcomes. This review helps highlight the many research gaps that future studies should be designed to address.
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Yang L, Qi C, Yang Z, Shang L, Xie G, Wang R, Sun L, Xu M, Yang W, Chung MC. Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Regional Spread and Out-break of COVID-19 in China. ijph 2021; 50:1324-1333. [PMID: 34568170 PMCID: PMC8426763 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i7.6620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the impact of socio-economic factors on the spread and outbreak of COVID-19 based on Chinese data.
Methods: Cumulative confirmed cases were collected and divided into the First-stage cases cluster dominated by imported cases, and the Second-stage cases cluster dominated by secondary cases, according to the time of emergency state and Wuhan city lockdown. The linear regression was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 12,877 cases in 30 provinces were analyzed in the study. The First-stage cases cluster included 675 cases and Second-stage cases cluster included 12,202 cases. The socio-economic factors were significantly associated with the cases (P<0.05). The GDP and proportion of population moving out of Wuhan were associate with the First-stage dominated by imported cases (b>0, P<0.05). The First-stage cases cluster, proportion of population moving out of Wuhan and urban population were associate with the Second-stage dominated by secondary cases (b>0, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Socio-economic factors had impacts on the spread and outbreak of COVID-19. The combination of different socio-economic indicators at different stages of the epidemic may help control the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Corresponding Author:
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts Boston, United States of America
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Qi C, Shang L, Yang W, Huang L, Yang L, Xin J, Wang S, Yue J, Zeng L, Chung MC. Maternal exposure to O 3 and NO 2 may increase the risk of newborn congenital hypothyroidism: a national data-based analysis in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:34621-34629. [PMID: 33655476 PMCID: PMC8275538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring, but limited studies focused on the impacts of gaseous air pollution on newborn congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Therefore, a national data-based analysis was conducted to explore the association between maternal exposure to gaseous air pollution and the incidence of CH in China. Annual average exposure levels of SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 from January 1, 2014, to December 30, 2014, were acquired from the Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform. The annual incidence of newborn CH from October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015, was collected from the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Surveillance Network. Temperature and toxic metal in wastewater in 2014 were also collected as covariates. Maternal exposure to O3 and NO2 in 1 μg/m3 level increment was positively associated with newborn CH, with an OR of 1.055 (95% CI 1.011, 1.102) and 1.097 (95% CI 1.019, 1.182) after adjusting for covariates completely. Compared with the lowest level of O3, maternal exposure to the 4th quartile of O3 was positively associated with newborn CH (OR 1.393, 95% CI 1.081, 1.794) after adjusting for covariates completely. And the 3rd and 4th quartiles of NO2 were associated positively with CH (OR 1.576, 95% CI 1.025, 2.424, and OR 1.553, 95% CI 0.999, 2.414, respectively) compared with the lowest level of NO2. By fitting the ROC curve, 93.688 μg/m3 in O3 might be used as cutoff to predict the incidence of newborn CH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, Xi’an,, Shaanxi 710061 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
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10
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Guo L, Xie G, Wang R, Yang L, Sun L, Xu M, Yang W, Chung MC. Local treatment for triple-negative breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy? BMC Cancer 2021; 21:717. [PMID: 34147061 PMCID: PMC8214797 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because there is no exact therapeutic target, the systemic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still relies on chemotherapy. In terms of local treatment, based on the highly malignant characteristics of TNBC, it is still uncertain whether patients should be given more aggressive local treatment. Methods This study was based on the SEER database. 13,262 TNBC patients undergoing chemotherapy were included. According to local treatment methods, patients were divided into breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy (BCS + RT), total mastectomy alone and total mastectomy with radiotherapy (Mastectomy+RT). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis drew the survival curves of Overall Survival (OS) and Breast Cancer Specific Survival (BCSS), and Cox proportional risk regression models were used to analyze the impact of different local treatments on OS and BCSS. Results After adjusting confounding factors, Mastectomy alone group (HR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.40–1.77) and Mastectomy+RT group (HR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.12–1.46) were worse in OS than BCS + RT group, and Mastectomy+RT group (HR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.73–0.91) was better in OS than Mastectomy alone group. The effect of local treatment for BCSS was similar to that of OS. After stratification according to age, tumor size and lymph node status, when the age was less than 55 years old, at T4, N2 or N3 category, there was no statistical significance between the BCS + RT group and the Mastectomy+RT group in OS or BCSS (all P > 0.05). When the age was less than 65 years old, at T1, T2 or N0 category, there was no statistical significance between the Mastectomy alone group and the Mastectomy+RT group in OS or BCSS (all P > 0.05). The results of other stratified analyses were basically consistent with the results of total population analysis. Conclusion The survival benefit of breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy was higher than or similar to that of total mastectomy TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Landi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Xie G, Qi C, Yang W, Wang R, Yang L, Shang L, Huang L, Chung MC. Competing risk nomogram predicting cancer-specific mortality for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3205-3213. [PMID: 33932121 PMCID: PMC8124128 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of endometrial cancer has tended to increase in recent years. However, competing risk nomogram combining comprehensive factors for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy is still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to build a competing risk nomogram predicting cancer‐specific mortality for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy. Methods Patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer between 2010 and 2012 were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Competing risk model was performed to select prognostic variables to build the competing risk nomogram to predict the cumulative 3‐ and 5‐year incidences of endometrial cancer‐specific mortality. Harrell's C‐index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration plot were used in the internal validation. And decision curve analysis was applied to evaluate clinical utility. Results A total of 10,447 patients were selected for analysis. The competing risk nomogram identified eight prognostic variables, including age at diagnosis, race, marital status at diagnosis, grade, histology, tumor size, FIGO stage, and number of regional nodes positive. The C‐index of the competing risk nomogram was 0.857 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.854–0.859), and the calibration plots were adequately fitted. When the threshold probabilities were between 1% and 57% for 3‐year prediction and between 2% and 67% for 5‐year prediction, the competing risk nomogram was of good clinical utility. Conclusions A competing risk nomogram for endometrial cancer patients treated with hysterectomy was successfully built and internally validated. It was an accurately predicted and clinical useful tool, which could play an important role in consulting and health care management of endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Shang L, Huang L, Yang L, Leng L, Qi C, Xie G, Wang R, Guo L, Yang W, Chung MC. Impact of air pollution exposure during various periods of pregnancy on term birth weight: a large-sample, retrospective population-based cohort study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:3296-3306. [PMID: 32914309 PMCID: PMC7788013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that maternal exposure to air pollution might affect term birth weight. However, the conclusions are controversial. Birth data of all term newborns born in Xi'an city of Shaanxi, China, from 2015 to 2018 and whose mother lived in Xi'an during pregnancy were selected form the Birth Registry Database. And the daily air quality data of Xi'an city was collected from Chinese Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform. Generalized additive models (GAM) and 2-level binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure on term birth weight, the risk term low birth weight (TLBW), and macrosomia. Finally, 321521 term newborns were selected, including 4369(1.36%) TLBW infants and 24,960 (7.76%) macrosomia. The average pollution levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 in Xi'an city from 2015 to 2018 were higher than national limits. During the whole pregnancy, maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO all significantly reduced the term birth weight and increased the risk of TLBW. However, NO2 and O3 exposure have significantly increased the term birth weight, and O3 even increased the risk of macrosomia significantly. Those effects were also observed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. But during the third trimester, high level of air quality index (AQI) and maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO increased the term birth weight and the risk of macrosomia, while O3 exposure was contrary to this effect. The findings suggested that prenatal exposure to air pollution might cause adverse impacts on term birth weight, and the effects varied with trimesters and pollutants, which provides further pieces of evidence for the adverse effects of air pollution exposure in heavy polluted-area on term birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Longtao Leng
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Leqian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
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13
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Wang S, Yang L, Shang L, Yang W, Qi C, Huang L, Xie G, Wang R, Chung MC. Changing trends of birth weight with maternal age: a cross-sectional study in Xi'an city of Northwestern China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:744. [PMID: 33256654 PMCID: PMC7708914 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have shown that maternal age is associated with birth weight. However, the specific relationship between each additional year of maternal age and birth weight remains unclear. The study aimed to analyze the specific association between maternal age and birth weight. METHODS Raw data for all live births from 2015 to 2018 were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Xi'an, China. A total of 490,143 mother-child pairs with full-term singleton live births and the maternal age ranging from 20 to 40 years old were included in our study. Birth weight, gestational age, neonatal birth date, maternal birth date, residence and ethnicity were collected. Generalized additive model and two-piece wise linear regression model were used to analyze the specific relationships between maternal age and birth weight, risk of low birth weight, and risk of macrosomia. RESULTS The relationships between maternal age and birth weight, risk of low birth weight, and risk of macrosomia were nonlinear. Birth weight increased 16.204 g per year when maternal age was less than 24 years old (95%CI: 14.323, 18.086), and increased 12.051 g per year when maternal age ranged from 24 to 34 years old (95%CI: 11.609, 12.493), then decreased 0.824 g per year (95% CI: -3.112, 1.464). The risk of low birth weight decreased with the increase of maternal age until 36 years old (OR = 0.917, 95%CI: 0.903, 0.932 when maternal age was younger than 27 years old; OR = 0.965, 95%CI: 0.955, 0.976 when maternal age ranged from 27 to 36 years old), then increased when maternal age was older than 36 years old (OR = 1.133, 95%CI: 1.026, 1.250). The risk of macrosomia increased with the increase of maternal age (OR = 1.102, 95%CI: 1.075, 1.129 when maternal age was younger than 24 years old; OR = 1.065, 95%CI: 1.060, 1.071 when maternal age ranged from 24 to 33 years old; OR = 1.029, 95%CI: 1.012, 1.046 when maternal age was older than 33 years old). CONCLUSIONS For women of childbearing age (20-40 years old), the threshold of maternal age on low birth weight was 36 years old, and the risk of macrosomia increased with the increase of maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
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14
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Xie G, Wang R, Shang L, Qi C, Yang L, Huang L, Yang W, Chung MC. Calculating the overall survival probability in patients with cervical cancer: a nomogram and decision curve analysis-based study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:833. [PMID: 32873257 PMCID: PMC7466454 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer has long been a common malignance troubling women. However, there are few studies developing nomogram with comprehensive factors for the prognosis of cervical cancer. Hence, we aimed to build a nomogram to calculate the overall survival (OS) probability in patients with cervical cancer. Methods Data of 9876 female patients in SEER database and diagnosed as cervical cancer during 2010–2015, was retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were applied to select predicted factors and a nomogram was developed to visualize the prediction model. The nomogram was compared with the FIGO stage prediction model. Harrell’s C-index, receiver operating curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, accuracy, calibration and clinical utility of the prediction models. Result Eleven independent prognostic variables, including age at diagnosis, race, marital status at diagnosis, grade, histology, tumor size, FIGO stage, primary site surgery, regional lymph node surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, were used to build the nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.826 (95% CI: 0.818 to 0.834), which was better than that of the FIGO stage prediction model (C-index: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.776 to 0.793). Calibration plot of the nomogram was well fitted in 3-year overall OS prediction, but overfitting in 5-year OS prediction. The net benefit of the nomogram was higher than the FIGO prediction model. Conclusion A clinical useful nomogram for calculating the overall survival probability in cervical cancer patients was developed. It performed better than the FIGO stage prediction model and could help clinicians to choose optimal treatments and precisely predict prognosis in clinical care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Yang L, Shang L, Wang S, Yang W, Huang L, Qi C, Gurcan A, Yang Z, Chung MC. The association between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and birth weight: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236708. [PMID: 32790684 PMCID: PMC7425945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a kind of endocrine disruptors, which can enter human body by the inhalation of PAH-containing matter and the ingestion of PAH-containing foodstuffs. Studies showed that PAHs can cross the placental barrier and might cause adverse effects on the fetus. Objectives This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the associations between prenatal exposure to PAHs and birth weight. Methods Articles published in English until May 8, 2020 and reported the effects of prenatal exposure to PAHs on birth weight were searched in multiple electronic databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The included studies were divided into three groups in accordance with the measurement of PAHs exposure. Then coefficient was extracted, conversed and synthesized by random-effects meta-analysis. And risk of bias was assessed for each study. Results A total of 3488 citations were searched and only 11 studies were included finally after double assessment. We found that there were no association between PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood (low/high) (OR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.03), 1-hydroxy pyrene (1-HP) concentration in maternal urine (OR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.03) and prenatal maternal airborne PAHs exposure (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.93, 1.01) and birth weight. However, we observed ethnicity may change the effects of PAHs exposure on birth weight. Conclusions There is no significant relationship between prenatal exposure to PAHs and birth weight in our meta-analysis. Further studies are still needed for determining the effects of prenatal PAHs exposure on birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Anil Gurcan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Antai College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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16
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Shang L, Yang L, Yang W, Huang L, Qi C, Yang Z, Fu Z, Chung MC. Effects of prenatal exposure to NO 2 on children's neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:24786-24798. [PMID: 32356052 PMCID: PMC7329770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of NO2 exposure is well-known and potentially causes impaired of neural functions. This review aimed to estimate associations between prenatal NO2 exposure and neurodevelopment for children. Articles published until May 2019 reported prenatal NO2 exposure and children's cognition, psychomotor, language, attention, IQ, and behavior function were searched according to all related terms. The main databases we retrieved included PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Coefficient was extracted, conversed, and synthesized by random effects meta-analysis. Meanwhile, qualitatively describe would be used for some studies which cannot be synthesized quantitatively for lack of quantity or methods inconsistency. Finally, a total of 3848 citations were searched, and only 10 studies were included. We estimated that per 10 μg/m3 increase of NO2 during pregnancy was associated with a - 0.76 point decrease in global psychomotor (95% CI, - 1.34, - 0.18) and a - 0.62 point decrease in fine psychomotor for children (95% CI, - 1.09, - 0.16). But no significant association found in general cognitive and language. In addition, through the literature review, it seemed that prenatal exposure to NO2 might cause adverse impacts on children's attention, IQ, and different behaviors, but this requires confirmation from further researches. Our study indicated that prenatal exposure to NO2 seems to be associated with impaired neural development for children, especially for fine psychomotor. However, further studies are needed for determining the effects of prenatal air pollution exposure on attention, IQ, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Antai College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuxuan Fu
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Shang L, Huang L, Yang W, Qi C, Yang L, Xin J, Wang S, Li D, Wang B, Zeng L, Chung MC. Maternal exposure to PM 2.5 may increase the risk of congenital hypothyroidism in the offspring: a national database based study in China. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1412. [PMID: 31739791 PMCID: PMC6862828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal exposure to air pollution is related to fetal dysplasia. However, the association between maternal exposure to air pollution and the risk of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in the offspring is largely unknown. Methods We conducted a national database based study in China to explore the association between these two parameters. The incidence of CH was collected from October 1, 2014 to October 1, 2015 from the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Surveillance Network. Considering that total period of pregnancy and consequently the total period of particle exposure is approximately 10 months, average exposure levels of PM2.5, PM10 and Air Quality Index (AQI) were collected from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2015. Generalized additive model was used to evaluate the association between air pollution and the incidence of CH, and constructing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off value. Results The overall incidence of CH was 4.31 per 10,000 screened newborns in China from October 1, 2014 to October 1, 2015. For every increase of 1 μg/m3 in the PM2.5 exposure during gestation could increase the risk of CH (adjusted OR = 1.016 per 1 μg/m3 change, 95% CI, 1.001–1.031). But no significant associations were found with regard to PM10 (adjusted OR = 1.009, 95% CI, 0.996–1.018) or AQI (adjusted OR = 1.012, 95% CI,0.998–1.026) and the risk of CH in the offspring. The cut-off value of prenatal PM2.5 exposure for predicting the risk of CH in the offspring was 61.165 μg/m3. Conclusions The present study suggested that maternal exposure to PM2.5 may exhibit a positive association with increased risk of CH in the offspring. We also proposed a cut-off value of PM2.5 exposure that might determine reduction in the risk of CH in the offspring in highly polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts Boston, USA.
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Baozhu Wang
- Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road. Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts Boston, USA
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18
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Huang L, Shang L, Yang W, Li D, Qi C, Xin J, Wang S, Yang L, Zeng L, Chung MC. High starchy food intake may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nested case-control study in the Shaanxi province of Northwestern China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:362. [PMID: 31638947 PMCID: PMC6802140 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There was a wider disparity in the diet characterization among most studies on diet and pregnancy outcomes in different countries, and the research in northern China is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study that was conducted in northwest China was to understand the dietary characteristics of periconceptional women and to explore the relationship between and specific dietary patterns with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted from October 2017 to November 2018 in Shaanxi, China. Based on a prospective cohort of 368 women who were pregnant or prepared for pregnancy, 63 participants who developed the outcomes of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth defects were included in the case group. A total of 237 healthy pregnant women were included during the same period in the control group. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire for the three months before pregnancy and the first trimester. Information on delivery details and antenatal pregnancy complications was obtained from the hospital maternity records. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Stratified analysis was performed on the overall, single and multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes categories. Adjustment was made for sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional supplement status. Results Six major dietary patterns were identified. The ‘starchy’ dietary pattern, composed of high intake in noodle and flour products and/or rice and its products, was associated with the odds of developing of adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR: 2.324, 95% CI: 1.293–4.178). This risk remained significant following adjustment for potential confounders of maternal demographic characteristics and nutritional status (aOR: 2.337, 95% CI:1.253–4.331). Strong association were found during the first trimester of pregnancy, but showed no association during the three months before pregnancy (aOR:1.473, 95% CI: 0.682–3.234). Conclusions High starchy food intake was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly during the first trimester of pregnancy. Health education focusing on periconceptional dietary patterns could be a practical strategy for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA, Boston, USA.
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA, Boston, USA
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19
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Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether patients with genital warts experience greater feelings of shame and lower self-esteem compared with controls. Sixty patients with genital warts were compared with 60 asymptomatic genitourinary (GU) medicine patients and 60 orthopaedic outpatients. The shame scores of those with warts (31.08) were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than either control group (GU medicine controls 20.77; orthopaedic controls 19.00). The impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by each of the individual emotional parameters of shame, low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviour and self-efficacy impact was examined in the wart sample group. Only internalized shame (P = 0.001) and intrusive thoughts (P < 0.0001) were significant in predicting HRQoL scores. There are emotional implications in having genital warts, which can have a profound effect on a patient's quality of life and these need addressing just as much as the physical warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jeynes
- Genitourinary Medicine Department, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.
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20
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate co-morbidity and coping strategies among older patients who suffer from different levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following myocardial infarction. Ninety-six older myocardial infarction (MI) patients were recruited from two general practices and completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the COPE Scale. Ninety-two older patients with no previous MI experience constituted the control. Using the PDS, 30, 42 and 28% had full, partial and no-PTSD respectively. There were significant differences between the patient groups and the control on all GHQ-28 sub-scales. Significant differences were also identified between the patient groups in the following coping strategies: seeking emotional social support, suppression of competing activities, restraint coping, focusing on and venting of emotion, mental and behavioural disengagement. Controlling for bypass surgery, previous mental health difficulties, angioplasty, heart failure and angina, MANCOVA results did not change the overall results of the GHQ-28 but changed the results of coping in that seeking emotional social support and behavioural disengagement stopped being significant. Coping was a partial mediator between different levels of post-MI PTSD and co-morbidity. Depending on the severity of PTSD symptoms, co-morbidity and coping strategies can vary among older patients. Older patients with full-PTSD tend to use both maladaptive coping strategies as well as problem-focused coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chung
- Clinical Psychology Teaching Unit, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
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21
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Barbosa CF, Okuda ES, Chung MC, Ferreira EI, Cicarelli RMB. Rapid test for the evaluation of the activity of the prodrug hydroxymethylnitrofurazone in the processing of Trypanosoma cruzi messenger RNAs. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:33-9. [PMID: 17224994 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
No fully effective treatment has been developed since the discovery of Chagas' disease by Carlos Chagas in 1909. Since drug-resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strains are occurring and the current therapy is effectiveness in the acute phase but with various adverse side effects, more studies are needed to characterize the susceptibility of T. cruzi to new drugs. Many natural and/or synthetic substances showing trypanocidal activity have been used, even though they are not likely to be turned into clinically approved drugs. Originally, drug screening was performed using natural products, with only limited knowledge of the molecular mechanism involved in the development of diseases. Trans-splicing, which is unusual RNA processing reaction and occurs in nematodes and trypanosomes, implies the processing of polycistronic transcription units into individual mRNAs; a short transcript spliced leader (SL RNA) is trans-spliced to the acceptor pre-mRNA, giving origin to the mature mRNA. In the present study, permeable cells of T. cruzi epimastigote forms (Y, BOL and NCS strains) were treated to evaluate the interference of two drugs (hydroxymethylnitrofurazone - NFOH-121 and nitrofurazone) in the trans-splicing reaction using silver-stained PAGE analysis. Both drugs induced a significant reduction in RNA processing at concentrations from 5 to 12.5 microM. These data agreed with the biological findings, since the number of parasites decreased, especially with NFOH-121. This proposed methodology allows a rapid and cost-effective screening strategy for detecting drug interference in the trans-splicing mechanism of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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22
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Abstract
Claims have been made that reminiscence has benefits for older people's psychological well-being, and that writing memories may be a therapeutic process. This paper describes an exploratory study in which five nursing home residents engaged in a process of writing their memories by themselves, in a series of booklets containing memory prompts and photographs, over a period of four weeks. Each completed booklet was typed up by researchers and returned to participants the following week, with a bound copy provided to participants at the end of the study period. Analysis focuses on two sets of data: an in-depth case study of one participant, and a thematic analysis of field notes, researcher reflections, and the written material produced by the other study participants. The case study revealed three main themes: views on the past; sharing the past; and confidence in writing about the past. The field note analysis indicated the presence of four themes: proof and maintenance of skills; psychological or internal processes; social contact; and pleasure in reminiscence. The writing was seen as cathartic and provided a meaningful purpose, an opportunity to exercise writing skills and memory, and a focus for participants to share key stories with others. This exploratory study suggests that there is potential in using solitary writing within a reminiscence framework to improve psychological well-being in older people. However, caution should be exercised when encouraging older people to write their stories. Issues of confidentiality, audience, support, and appropriateness of the activity for the individual need consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Elford
- Sheffield Institute for Studies on Ageing, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
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23
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or hepatoma) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. It is responsible for approximately one million deaths each year, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries. The aetiological factors identified in the development of HCC included persistent infection by hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, and exposure to aflatoxins. Although immunization can protect individuals from being infected by the hepatitis B virus, the early detection of HCC in those who have been infected by the virus remains a challenge. Thus most HCCs present late and are not suitable for curative treatment. Hence there is a tremendous interest and urgency to identify novel HCC diagnostic marker(s) for early detection, and tumour specific disease associated proteins as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of HCC. Screening for these HCC proteins has been facilitated by proteomics, a key technology in the global analysis of protein expression and understanding gene function. Present and earlier proteome analyses of HCC have used predominantly experimental in vitro systems. The protein expression profiles of several hepatoma cell lines such as HepG2, Huh7, SK-Hep1, and Hep3B have been compared with normal liver, and nontransformed cell lines (Chang and WRL-68), while a comprehensive proteome analysis to create a protein database was carried out for the cell line HCC-M. In the future, proteome analyses utilizing tumour tissues, which reflect the pathological state of HCC more closely, will be undertaken. This work will complement the gene expression studies of HCC which are already underway. Efforts have also been directed at the proteome analysis of hepatic stellate cells, as these cells play an important role in liver fibrosis. Since liver fibrosis is reversible but not cirrhosis, it is of considerable importance to identify therapeutic targets that can slow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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24
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or hepatoma) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. It is responsible for approximately one million deaths each year, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries. The aetiological factors identified in the development of HCC included persistent infection by hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, and exposure to aflatoxins. Although immunization can protect individuals from being infected by the hepatitis B virus, the early detection of HCC in those who have been infected by the virus remains a challenge. Thus most HCCs present late and are not suitable for curative treatment. Hence there is a tremendous interest and urgency to identify novel HCC diagnostic marker(s) for early detection, and tumour specific disease associated proteins as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of HCC. Screening for these HCC proteins has been facilitated by proteomics, a key technology in the global analysis of protein expression and understanding gene function. Present and earlier proteome analyses of HCC have used predominantly experimental in vitro systems. The protein expression profiles of several hepatoma cell lines such as HepG2, Huh7, SK-Hep1, and Hep3B have been compared with normal liver, and nontransformed cell lines (Chang and WRL-68), while a comprehensive proteome analysis to create a protein database was carried out for the cell line HCC-M. In the future, proteome analyses utilizing tumour tissues, which reflect the pathological state of HCC more closely, will be undertaken. This work will complement the gene expression studies of HCC which are already underway. Efforts have also been directed at the proteome analysis of hepatic stellate cells, as these cells play an important role in liver fibrosis. Since liver fibrosis is reversible but not cirrhosis, it is of considerable importance to identify therapeutic targets that can slow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or hepatoma) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. It is responsible for approximately one million deaths each year, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries. The aetiological factors identified in the development of HCC included persistent infection by hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, and exposure to aflatoxins. Although immunization can protect individuals from being infected by the hepatitis B virus, the early detection of HCC in those who have been infected by the virus remains a challenge. Thus most HCCs present late and are not suitable for curative treatment. Hence there is a tremendous interest and urgency to identify novel HCC diagnostic marker(s) for early detection, and tumour specific disease associated proteins as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of HCC. Screening for these HCC proteins has been facilitated by proteomics, a key technology in the global analysis of protein expression and understanding gene function. Present and earlier proteome analyses of HCC have used predominantly experimental in vitro systems. The protein expression profiles of several hepatoma cell lines such as HepG2, Huh7, SK-Hep1, and Hep3B have been compared with normal liver, and nontransformed cell lines (Chang and WRL-68), while a comprehensive proteome analysis to create a protein database was carried out for the cell line HCC-M. In the future, proteome analyses utilizing tumour tissues, which reflect the pathological state of HCC more closely, will be undertaken. This work will complement the gene expression studies of HCC which are already underway. Efforts have also been directed at the proteome analysis of hepatic stellate cells, as these cells play an important role in liver fibrosis. Since liver fibrosis is reversible but not cirrhosis, it is of considerable importance to identify therapeutic targets that can slow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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26
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Abstract
Seeds stored under adverse conditions will reduce the viability of germination as a result of induced aging. We have established a procedure to induce accelerated aging for studying the process of aging in mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds at the molecular level. A full-length cDNA was isolated from acceleratedly aged mung bean seedlings. The cDNA, VrRH1 (Vigna radiata RNA helicase 1), contains an open reading frame of 2139 bp encoding a protein of 713 amino acids. VrRHI has seven highly conserved motifs including the DEAD box as in the case of other plant RNA helicases. VrRHI was sub-cloned into an expression vector pET-28b (+), over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL 21 and purified by a Ni2+-agarose column. The expressed protein showed double-stranded RNA unwinding and ATPase activities. Either ATP or dATP is required for the unwinding activity, indicating that VrRHI is an ATP/dATP-dependent RNA helicase. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of mRNAs hybridized with a full-length cDNA fragment of VrRHI (VrRH transcripts) in mung bean seeds that were imbibed for 16 to 32 h after accelerated aging treatment. The amount of these mRNAs reached a maximum in 24 h imbibed seeds after the treatment. The accumulation of VrRH transcripts was shown to lead to the appearance of 25S and 18S rRNAs in the imbibed aging mung bean seeds. The results suggest that VrRHI may play a role in the viability of mung bean seeds.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Fabaceae/enzymology
- Fabaceae/genetics
- Fabaceae/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Plants/enzymology
- Plants/genetics
- RNA Helicases/genetics
- RNA Helicases/metabolism
- RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Li
- Graduate Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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27
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Abstract
We have isolated a potent platelet aggregation inducer from the crude venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper), termed rhodoaggretin, with a novel oligomeric structure consisting of a dimer of C-type lectin-like heterodimers. On the basis of its native molecular mass of 66 kDa, and a M(r) of 30 kDa for its disulfide-linked alphabeta-heterodimer, we propose that rhodoaggretin exists as a (alphabeta)2 complex in the native state. We postulate that the di-dimer is stabilized by non-covalent interactions as well as by an intersubunit disulfide bridge between the two alphabeta-heterodimers. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (a) sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the non-reduced rhodoaggretin gave a major 28 and a minor 52 kDa band. (b) Prior treatment of rhodoaggretin with a limited amount of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME; 0.1%) resulted in the complete abolishment of the 52 kDa band in SDS-PAGE. (c) Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE in the presence of 3% 2-ME showed that both the 28 and 52 kDa bands gave two bands each with M(r)s of 18 (alpha-subunit) and 15 (beta-subunit) kDa. (d) Mass spectrometric analyses showed that purified rhodoaggretin had a M(r) of 30155.39+/-3.25 Da while its s-pyridylethylated alpha- and beta-subunits had M(r)s of 16535.62+/-2.98 and 15209.89+/-1.61 Da respectively. These molecular weight data suggested the presence of 15 cysteinyl residues in rhodoaggretin as compared to the 14 that are reported for the heterodimeric C-type lectin-like proteins. This extra cysteinyl residue is a candidate for the formation of the intersubunit disulfide bond in the (alphabeta)2 complex. (e) Homology structural modeling studies showed that the extra cysteinyl residue can indeed form a disulfide bond that covalently links the two alphabeta-heterodimers as proposed above.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Abstract
Mammalian cells, under typical cultivation conditions, produce large quantities of lactate and ammonia that affect cell growth adversely and result in low cell concentration. Controlled nutrient feeding to maintain low concentrations of glucose and glutamine reduces metabolite production drastically, altering the metabolism of the cells. This metabolic shift results in higher cell concentration in continuous cultures and does not affect the specific productivity of the cells. We have taken a proteomics approach to investigate the differential protein expression with metabolic shift. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS), we have found at least eight differentially expressed spots; two proteins were down-regulated, and the others were up-regulated with metabolic shift. These included metabolic enzymes, the brain form of phosphoglycerate mutase, which was down-regulated, and the precursor of the 23 kDa subunit of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, which was up-regulated. Another enzyme, the L1 isozyme of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, which is involved in protein turnover and degradation, was also up-regulated in the metabolically altered cells. The remaining down-regulated spot had been identified as two isoforms of cytoplasmic actins, while three of the up-regulated spots were viral GAG polyproteins from various murine viruses. An unidentified protein was also up-regulated in the cells with altered metabolic state. This study shows the potential of using a proteomics approach in deciphering the intracellular changes in cells with physiological changes such as metabolism shift. The new insight into cell metabolism afforded by this analysis will greatly facilitate process optimization of continuous cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC or hepatoma) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. It is responsible for approximately one million deaths each year, mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries. The aetiological factors identified in the development of HCC included persistent infection by hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, and exposure to aflatoxins. Although immunization can protect individuals from being infected by the hepatitis B virus, the early detection of HCC in those who have been infected by the virus remains a challenge. Thus most HCCs present late and are not suitable for curative treatment. Hence there is a tremendous interest and urgency to identify novel HCC diagnostic marker(s) for early detection, and tumour specific disease associated proteins as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of HCC. Screening for these HCC proteins has been facilitated by proteomics, a key technology in the global analysis of protein expression and understanding gene function. Present and earlier proteome analyses of HCC have used predominantly experimental in vitro systems. The protein expression profiles of several hepatoma cell lines such as HepG2, Huh7, SK-Hep1, and Hep3B have been compared with normal liver, and nontransformed cell lines (Chang and WRL-68), while a comprehensive proteome analysis to create a protein database was carried out for the cell line HCC-M. In the future, proteome analyses utilizing tumour tissues, which reflect the pathological state of HCC more closely, will be undertaken. This work will complement the gene expression studies of HCC which are already underway. Efforts have also been directed at the proteome analysis of hepatic stellate cells, as these cells play an important role in liver fibrosis. Since liver fibrosis is reversible but not cirrhosis, it is of considerable importance to identify therapeutic targets that can slow its progression.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Databases, Protein
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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30
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Yen SK, Chung MC, Chen PC, Yen HE. Environmental and developmental regulation of the wound-induced cell wall protein WI12 in the halophyte ice plant. Plant Physiol 2001. [PMID: 11598226 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A wounded gene WI12 was used as a marker to examine the interaction between biotic stress (wounding) and abiotic stress (high salt) in the facultative halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). The deduced WI12 amino acid sequence has 68% similarity to WUN1, a known potato (Solanum tuberosum) wound-induced protein. Wounding, methyl jasmonate, and pathogen infection induced local WI12 expression. Upon wounding, the expression of WI12 reached a maximum level after 3 h in 4-week-old juvenile leaves, whereas the maximum expression was after 24 h in 8-week-old adult leaves. The temporal expression of WI12 in salt-stressed juvenile leaves was similar to that of adult leaves. The result suggests that a salt-induced switch from C3 to Crassulacean acid metabolism has a great influence on the ice plant's response to wounding. The expression of WI12 and the accumulation of WI12 protein were constitutively found in phloem and in wounded mesophyll cells. At the reproductive stage, WI12 was constitutively found in petals and styles, and developmentally regulated in the placenta and developing seeds. The histochemical analysis showed that the appearance of WI12 is controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Immunogold labeling showed WI12 preferentially accumulates in the cell wall, suggesting its role in the reinforcement of cell wall composition after wounding and during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yen
- Department of Botany, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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31
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Abstract
For centuries, the edible nests of Collocalia spp. ("Bird's Nests") have been used as a Chinese delicacy that had been claimed to be an effective health-giving tonic. However, clinical studies indicated that in Singapore, Bird's Nest is the most common cause of food-induced anaphylaxis in children, which could lead to potentially life-threatening allergenic reactions. The purpose of this study was to characterize the major allergens in Bird's Nest by using the combined technologies of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), immunochemistry, N-terminal protein sequencing, and mass spectrometry. Results from the immunostaining of the Western blots of the Bird's Nest 2-DE separated proteins with the sera from allergic patients indicated the presence of a major allergen of 66 kDa. Initial searches of the matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization--time of flight--mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) tryptic peptide masses of the allergen in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI nonredundant databases revealed that this protein was novel. Based on the partial protein sequence information obtained from N-terminal microsequencing and nanoelectrospray-tandem MS, the 66 kDa immunoreactive allergen was found to be homologous to ovoinhibitor, a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor, which is one of the dominant allergens found in chicken egg white.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ou
- Bioprocessing Technology Center, Singapore National University of Singapore.
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32
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Abstract
Recently, we reported the proteome analysis of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HCC-M (Electrophoresis 2000, 21, 1787-1813), using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). From a total of 408 unique spots excised from the 2-DE gel, 301 spots yielded good MALDI spectra. Out of these, 272 spots had matches returned from the database search leading to the identification of these proteins. Here, we report the results on the identification of the remaining 29 spots using nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nESI-MS/MS). First, "peptide tag sequencing" was performed to obtain partial amino acid sequences of the peptides to search the SWISS-PROTand NCBI nonredundant protein databases. Spots that were still not able to find any matches from the databases were subjected to de novo peptide sequencing. The tryptic peptide sequences were used to search for homologues in the protein and nucleotide databases with the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), which was essential for the characterization of novel or post-translationally modified proteins. Using this approach, all the 29 spots were unambiguously identified. Among them, phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA), RNA-binding protein regulatory subunit, replication protein A 32 kDa subunit (RP-A) and N-acetylneuraminic acid phosphate synthase were reported to be cancer-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ou
- Bioprocessing Technology Center, National University of Singapore.
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33
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to examine the degree of traumatic stress and the coping strategies employed by community residents who lived on both sides of a rail track where a train collision occurred in 1996 in Stafford, UK. The hypothesis was that there would be a high level of traumatic stress and that emotion-focused coping would be the predictor to distress. METHOD This was a cross-sectional survey with a retrospective design in which 66 community residents, who lived between 30 and 100 feet away from the crash site, were interviewed. The study began approximately 7 months after the disaster. The Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Ways of Coping Checklists (WOC) were administered to the residents. RESULTS On the whole, the results did not entirely support the hypothesis. The residents were found to have experienced some intrusive thoughts and avoidance behaviour but their mean scores were significantly lower than those of standardized samples. Thirty-five per cent scored at 4 or above on the GHQ-28. Traumatic stress was predicted by both emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies. CONCLUSION Although community residents were not on the train or related to the dead or injured in any way, they could, after being exposed to a train disaster, manifest traumatic stress symptoms which had long-lasting effects. Such traumatic stress was found to be associated with coping strategies of community residents characterized by their efforts to manage or alter the source of stress, and by their efforts to regulate stressful emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chung
- Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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34
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Chung MC, Kim HK, Kawamoto S. TFEC can function as a transcriptional activator of the nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain-A gene in transfected cells. Biochemistry 2001; 40:8887-97. [PMID: 11467950 DOI: 10.1021/bi002847d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the human nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain-A (NMHC-A) gene is regulated via multiple elements located in intron 1, including element F which contains an E-box. In this study we have identified and characterized the factors that are capable of binding to element F. Yeast one-hybrid screening using element F allowed isolation of cDNAs encoding transcriptional factors TFEC, TFE3, and USF2, each of which contains basic helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper motifs. Furthermore, cDNA cloning by polymerase chain reaction yielded cDNAs for two TFEC isoforms, designated TFEC-l and TFEC-s, which are generated by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. In addition to these four factors, USF1, which is known to share the same DNA binding elements with USF2, was isolated for comparison. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and cotransfection studies of the expression constructs with reporter gene constructs revealed that the above five factors have different binding activities for element F with different transactivation potencies. USF1 and USF2 demonstrate the highest binding activity to element F, yet show the lowest element F-dependent transactivation. TFE3 has a high transactivation potency but the lowest binding activity. TFEC-l demonstrates a high binding activity with the highest transactivation potency, whereas TFEC-s has the same binding activity as TFEC-l with intermediate transactivation. We also demonstrate that an N-terminal activation domain exists only in TFEC-l, whereas a C-terminal activation domain is common to both the l and s isoforms. This study provides the first evidence of TFEC being an activator of transcription, with two separate activation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chung
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1762, USA
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35
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Kong C, Chung MC. Purification and characterization of a variant of rhodocetin from Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venom. J Protein Chem 2001; 20:383-90. [PMID: 11732690 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012280720595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rhodocetin is a novel C-type lectin-related protein (CLP) purified from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma. Thus far, it is the only reported CLP whose alpha and beta subunits are not linked by an interdisulfide bond. We report here the isolation of a variant of rhodocetin from a different source of venom. This variant of rhodocetin exhibited a different elution profile in reverse-phase HPLC as compared to the rhodocetin reported in our original publication [Wang et al., (1999), Biochemistry 38, 7584-7593]. Specifically, the alpha subunit of the variant was eluted at a considerably lower percentage of acetonitrile, which suggested a less hydrophobic polypeptide chain as compared to the original rhodocetin. Using a combination of microcharacterization techniques such as peptide mapping, mass spectrometry, and amino acid sequencing, we identified an amino acid substitution, 163K, in the polypeptide chain that could account for the difference in elution behavior of the alpha subunit. In addition, we also found a conserved E88D substitution in the beta chain which was not apparent during reverse-phase HPLC. However, neither of these substitutions resulted in the alteration of the functional properties of the rhodocetin variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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36
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Choong ML, Tan LK, Lo SL, Ren EC, Ou K, Ong SE, Liang RC, Seow TK, Chung MC. An integrated approach in the discovery and characterization of a novel nuclear protein over-expressed in liver and pancreatic tumors. FEBS Lett 2001; 496:109-16. [PMID: 11356193 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An integrated approach in protein discovery through the use of multidisciplinary tools was reported. A novel protein, Hcc-1, was identified by analysis of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-M cell proteome. The assembled EST sequence of the 210 amino acid novel protein was subsequently confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). A total of 687 bp at the 5' untranslated region of Hcc-1 was identified. Promoter activity and several upstream open reading frames (uORFs) were demonstrated at this region. Bioinformatics prediction showed that the first 42 amino acids of the protein is a SAP domain with sequence matches to hnRNP from various vertebrate species. The Hcc-1 protein was localized to the cell nucleus while the gene was localized to chromosome 7q22.1. Hcc-1 cDNA level was increased in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The level was also increased in well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma but decreases as the carcinoma progressed to a poorly differentiated stage.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acids/chemistry
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Expressed Sequence Tags
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mass Spectrometry
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Open Reading Frames
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Choong
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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37
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Abstract
Autoantibodies to double-stranded (ds) DNA are an important diagnostic marker and pathogenic factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Identifying dsDNA mimotopes is a way to discover diagnostic and therapeutic candidates for SLE. 'Mono-specific' SLE anti-dsDNA antibodies were obtained by affinity purification using dsDNA-coupled Sepharose column. Using the anti-dsDNA antibodies to screen a phage peptide library, we were able to identify a mimotope that has a motif peptide sequence of RLTSSLRYNP. This chemically synthesized peptide could be recognized by 88% (37 out of 42) of anti-dsDNA antibody-positive SLE sera with a cut-off point at mean + 3 SD of the negative control sera at OD(492). The reaction of the peptide with SLE sera in ELISA was highly correlated with that of dsDNA (r = 0.809, P < 0.0001). Of particular interest, not only dsDNA but also single-stranded (ss) DNA and native RNA could inhibit the binding of the peptide with SLE sera, suggesting that the mimotope is shared by ds and ssDNAs as well as native RNA, whereas denatured RNA was not observed to inhibit the binding. The peptide was also able to elicit an immune response in rabbits and the anti-peptide rabbit serum was observed to cross-react with the peptide, ss and dsDNAs, and ss and dsDNAs could inhibit the binding of the anti-peptide serum and the peptide. However, the inhibition was not obtained with RNA. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the peptide mimic in diagnostic tests of SLE, and in the investigation of anti-DNA antibody origin and of DNA-anti-DNA antibody interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Bioprocessing Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
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38
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Abstract
This article examined the relationship between traumatic stress and death anxiety among community residents who lived near woodlands in which an aircraft had crashed in Coventry, England. The hypothesis was that there would be a high level of impact of the crash experienced by residents and that the residents would experience psychological distress. It was also hypothesized that the impact of the crash and distress were associated with death anxiety. Eighty-two residents were interviewed for the study. They were asked to complete the Impact of Event Scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the Death Anxiety Scale. The results showed that Coventry residents were found to experience intrusive thoughts and display avoidance behavior. The residents' intrusive thoughts and avoidance behavior were significantly more severe than one group of Horowitz's standardized samples (i.e., the medical students), but not significantly different from another group (i.e., the stress clinic samples). Fifty-seven percent scored at or above the GHQ cutoff point, which meant that they were considered to be psychiatric cases. Community residents scored significantly lower in death anxiety than the standardized high-death anxiety patients but no differently from the standardized control patients. Correlations were found between the impact of the event, psychological distress, and death anxiety.
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39
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Seow TK, Ong SE, Liang RC, Ren EC, Chan L, Ou K, Chung MC. Two-dimensional electrophoresis map of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HCC-M, and identification of the separated proteins by mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2000. [PMID: 10870966 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(20000501)21:9<1787::aid-elps1787>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most popular applications of proteomics is in the area of cancer research. In Africa, Southeast Asia, and China, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers, occurring as one of the top five cancers in frequency. This project was initiated with the purpose of separating and identifying the proteins of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HCC-M. After two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separation, silver staining, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses, tryptic peptide masses were searched for matches in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI nonredundant databases. Approximately 400 spots were analyzed using this approach. Among the proteins identified were housekeeping proteins such as alcohol dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase, asparagine synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase. In addition, we also identified proteins with expression patterns that have been postulated to be related to the process of carcinogenesis. These include 14-3-3 protein, annexin, prohibitin, and thioredoxin peroxidase. This study of the HCC-M proteome, coupled with similar proteome analyses of normal liver tissues, tumors, and other hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, represents the first step towards the establishment of protein databases, which are valuable resources in studies on the differential protein expressions of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Seow TK, Ong SE, Liang RC, Ren EC, Chan L, Ou K, Chung MC. Two-dimensional electrophoresis map of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HCC-M, and identification of the separated proteins by mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:1787-813. [PMID: 10870966 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(20000501)21:9<1787::aid-elps1787>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most popular applications of proteomics is in the area of cancer research. In Africa, Southeast Asia, and China, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers, occurring as one of the top five cancers in frequency. This project was initiated with the purpose of separating and identifying the proteins of a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HCC-M. After two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separation, silver staining, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses, tryptic peptide masses were searched for matches in the SWISS-PROT and NCBI nonredundant databases. Approximately 400 spots were analyzed using this approach. Among the proteins identified were housekeeping proteins such as alcohol dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase, asparagine synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase. In addition, we also identified proteins with expression patterns that have been postulated to be related to the process of carcinogenesis. These include 14-3-3 protein, annexin, prohibitin, and thioredoxin peroxidase. This study of the HCC-M proteome, coupled with similar proteome analyses of normal liver tissues, tumors, and other hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, represents the first step towards the establishment of protein databases, which are valuable resources in studies on the differential protein expressions of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Seow
- Bioprocessing Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Chung MC. The compatibility of two generations of American social psychologists. J Hist Behav Sci 2000; 36:457-461. [PMID: 11054737 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6696(200023)36:4<457::aid-jhbs10>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines Greenwood's (2000) evidence for incompatibility between the early and later American social psychologists on the social conception of cognition, emotion, and behavior. The notion of the autonomy of the individual may offer the key to finding a degree of compatibility between them. Both generations, I argue, fundamentally accept the notion of individual persons as autonomous agents who are able to decide and choose to act and, hence, be responsible for their actions. Philosophical analysis can perhaps inform historians of social psychology on how carefully and critically to reexamine evidence for traditional claims of generational, paradigmatic, and/or foundational splits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chung
- University of Sheffield, Institute of General Practice & Primary Care, Community Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, England
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Enzyme Inhibition Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon
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43
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Abstract
The characteristic features of ion transmission properties in a radio-frequency (RF) electric-field driven ion funnel using the SIMION ion trajectory simulation package is presented. A user program applying the Douglas ion-neutral collisional drag coefficient model is incorporated to properly account for the ion focusing and transport effect of the background gas under the effect of the driving RF and a superimposed DC field. The simulated m/z transmission window compares favorably with the experimental results reported by Smith et al. RF amplitude and pressure dependence of experimentally observed m/z transmission windows are also examined, and an approximated effective potential model based on Gerlich's equation is proposed to interpret the low-m/z cutoff behavior. A modified ion funnel configuration is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Lynn
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Joseph JS, Chung MC, Jeyaseelan K, Kini RM. Amino acid sequence of trocarin, a prothrombin activator from Tropidechis carinatus venom: its structural similarity to coagulation factor Xa. Blood 1999; 94:621-31. [PMID: 10397729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among snake venom procoagulant proteins, group II prothrombin activators are functionally similar to blood coagulation factor Xa. We have purified and partially characterized the enzymatic properties of trocarin, the group II prothrombin activator from the venom of the Australian elapid, Tropidechis carinatus (rough-scaled snake). Prothrombin activation by trocarin is enhanced by Ca2+, phospholipids, and factor Va, similar to that by factor Xa. However, its amidolytic activity on peptide substrate S-2222 is significantly lower. We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of trocarin. It is a 46,515-Dalton glycoprotein highly homologous to factor Xa and shares the same domain architecture. The light chain possesses an N-terminal Gla domain containing 11 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, followed by two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains; the heavy chain is a serine proteinase. Both chains are likely glycosylated: the light chain at Ser 52 and the heavy chain at Asn 45. Unlike other types of venom procoagulants, trocarin is the first true structural homologue of a coagulation factor. It clots snake plasma and thus may be similar, if not identical, to snake blood coagulation factor Xa. Unlike blood factor Xa, it is expressed in high quantities and in a nonhepatic tissue, making snake venom the richest source of factor Xa-like proteins. It induces cyanosis and death in mice at 1 mg/kg body weight. Thus, trocarin acts as a toxin in venom and a similar, if not identical, protein plays a critical role in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Joseph
- Bioscience Centre, Faculty of Science, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, and the Bioprocessing Technology Centre, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Enzyme Inhibition Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, Korea
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46
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Wang R, Kini RM, Chung MC. Rhodocetin, a novel platelet aggregation inhibitor from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper): synergistic and noncovalent interaction between its subunits. Biochemistry 1999; 38:7584-93. [PMID: 10360956 DOI: 10.1021/bi982132z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel platelet aggregation inhibitor, rhodocetin, was purified from the crude venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma. It inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 41 nM. Rhodocetin has a heterodimeric structure with alpha and beta subunits, which could be separated on a nonreducing denaturing gel or reverse-phase HPLC column. Individually neither subunit inhibited platelet aggregation even at 2.0 microM concentration. Titration and reconstitution experiments showed that, when these subunits are mixed to give a 1:1 complex, most of its biological activity was recovered. The reconstituted complex inhibited platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 112 nM, about 3-fold less effective than the native molecule. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that the reconstituted complex had a spectrum similar to that of the native protein. By using surface plasmon resonance studies, we established that the stoichiometry of binding between the two subunits is 1:1 and the subunits interact with a Kd of 0.14 +/- 0.04 microM. The complete amino acid sequences of the alpha (15956.16 Da, 133 residues) and beta (15185.10 Da, 129 residues) subunits show a high degree of homology with each other (49%) and with the Ca2+-dependent lectin-related proteins (CLPs) (typically 29-48%) isolated from other snake venoms. Unlike the other members of the family in which the subunits are held together by an interchain disulfide bond, rhodocetin subunits are held together only through noncovalent interactions. The cysteinyl residues forming the intersubunit disulfide bridge in all other known CLPs are replaced by Ser-79 and Arg-75 in the alpha and beta subunits of rhodocetin, respectively. These studies support the noncovalent and synergistic interactions between the two subunits of rhodocetin. This is the first reported CLP dimer with such a novel heterodimeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioprocessing Technology Centre, and Bioscience Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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47
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Abstract
The aims of this paper were to (a) ascertain the extent of psychological distress and (b) identify the association between personality variables and psychological distress among individuals who had been exposed to an aircraft disaster in Coventry, U.K. Hundreds of people escaped death but were exposed to the impact of the disaster when a Boeing 737-2D6C 7T-VEE crashed into a woodland area on the edge of a large housing estate in Coventry, U.K. in 1994. Eighty-two residents were randomly chosen for interviews in which they were assessed using the Impact of Event Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-R Short Scale (EPQ-R). The results showed that the Coventry residents' scores reached similar levels of intrusion and avoidance compared with standardized samples and the Lockerbie samples. Fifty-two percent reached the GHQ case level score, which was again similar to the Lockerbie residents. The Coventry residents were significantly less extroverted and neurotic than standardized samples. Stepwise multiple regression showed that there were associations between intrusion and neuroticism and intrusion and extroversion, as well as between avoidance and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chung
- University of Sheffield, Institute of General Practice & Primary Care, Community Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, England
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48
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Abstract
The way in which the theory and practice of mental health nursing is presented to students is of particular importance, especially at a time when recruitment into the profession is falling. This study sought to examine how nursing students experience their first mental health placement. A pre-/post-test design was used with a standardized instrument (Attitude Towards Psychiatry questionnaire) to assess the influence of their mental health placements on nursing students' attitudes towards mental health nurses, mental health nursing practice and education and theoretical aspects of mental health nursing. Results suggest that the placements were effective in improving students' regard in each of these areas. Though no generalizable conclusions can be inferred from this study some interesting insights are provided by nursing students into their perceptions of current mental health nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Nolan
- Medical School, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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49
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Lynn EC, Chung MC, Tsai WC, Han CC. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria by direct matrix-assisted laser desorptiom/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of whole cells. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1999; 13:2022-2027. [PMID: 10510415 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19991030)13:20<2022::aid-rcm750>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Several members of Enterobacteriaceas were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Characteristic mass spectral peaks and patterns were observed in the mass range of 2 to 20 kDa. The mass peaks reported to be reproducibly observed by previous researchers, which were claimed to serve as species/strain-specific biomarkers, are consistently observed in our current study. Despite the high degree of similarity found in the MALDI mass spectra within the enteric bacteria, minor yet notable differences existed to allow their differentiation. Five spectral peaks at m/z 4364, 5380, 6384, 6856, and 9540, generated reproducibly for each genus studied here, are assigned as family-specific biomarkers for the Family Enterobacteriaceae. The mass peaks at m/z 7324, 7724, 9136, and 9253 are assigned as genus-specific biomarkers for Salmonella. Some unique biomarkers characterizing the species and strains of E. coli are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Lynn
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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50
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Abstract
This study described the traumatic responses and the extent of psychological distress among residents who had been exposed directly or indirectly to an aircraft crash in Coventry, U.K. The direct exposure group consisted of 62 residents who were on the housing estate at the time of the accident and 20 who were not. They were interviewed on their subjective responses to the crash and then asked to fill in two distress measures: the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The results showed a contrast between the responses of the two groups at the time of the crash. They also showed that the direct exposure group had a significantly higher score in the IES item of avoidance, the IES total, the GHQ items of somatization, social dysfunction, and the total score than the indirect exposure group had. Associations were then made between subjective responses and distress measures. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that for the direct exposure residents, the IES total was predicted by "whether they received professional help" and "whether they were worried about their safety after the crash." The GHQ total of the direct exposure residents was predicted by "anger about what had happened to them." For the indirect exposure residents, the IES total was predicted by "their present feelings when they heard planes flying over." There were no predictions found between responses and the GHQ total.
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