1
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DeWitt N, Lyerly J, Guedira M, Holland JB, Murphy JP, Ward BP, Boyles RE, Mergoum M, Babar MA, Shakiba E, Sutton R, Ibrahim A, Tiwari V, Santantonio N, Van Sanford DA, Howell K, Smith JH, Harrison SA, Brown-Guedira G. Bearded or smooth? Awns improve yield when wheat experiences heat stress during grain fill in the southeastern United States. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6749-6759. [PMID: 37599380 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The presence or absence of awns-whether wheat heads are 'bearded' or 'smooth' - is the most visible phenotype distinguishing wheat cultivars. Previous studies suggest that awns may improve yields in heat or water-stressed environments, but the exact contribution of awns to yield differences remains unclear. Here we leverage historical phenotypic, genotypic, and climate data for wheat (Triticum aestivum) to estimate the yield effects of awns under different environmental conditions over a 12-year period in the southeastern USA. Lines were classified as awned or awnless based on sequence data, and observed heading dates were used to associate grain fill periods of each line in each environment with climatic data and grain yield. In most environments, awn suppression was associated with higher yields, but awns were associated with better performance in heat-stressed environments more common at southern locations. Wheat breeders in environments where awns are only beneficial in some years may consider selection for awned lines to reduce year-to-year yield variability, and with an eye towards future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah DeWitt
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jeanette Lyerly
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Mohammed Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - James B Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research, USDA-ARS SEA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - J Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian P Ward
- Forage Genetics International, West Salem, WI 54669, USA
| | - Richard E Boyles
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department/Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Md Ali Babar
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ehsan Shakiba
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Russel Sutton
- AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Amir Ibrahim
- AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vijay Tiwari
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nicholas Santantonio
- Department Of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - David A Van Sanford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kimberly Howell
- Plant Science Research, USDA-ARS SEA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jared H Smith
- Plant Science Research, USDA-ARS SEA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research, USDA-ARS SEA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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2
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Ghimire B, Bahri BA, Martinez-Espinoza A, Mergoum M, Buck J. Genetic Diversity, Mycotoxin Profiles, and Population Structure of Fusarium spp. Associated with Fusarium Head Blight in Georgia, U.S.A. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37883636 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1639-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) has become a limiting factor in soft red winter wheat production in the southeast US. Recent epidemics have occurred in Georgia, however genetic information on the Fusarium species responsible for FHB is unknown. This study aimed to assess pathogen population structure and genetic diversity, trichothecene profiles, and representative pathogenicity of 196 Fusarium isolates collected from 44 wheat (n = 85) and 53 corn (n = 111) fields in Georgia. Phylogenetic analysis using the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (635 bp) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (930 bp) sequence data resolved isolates into 185 haplotypes, representing 12 Fusarium species grouped under five species complexes. F. graminearum with 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON) chemotype (75.6%) and F. incarnatum (57.7%) predominated in wheat and corn, respectively, with a surprisingly higher frequency of NIV F. graminearum (21.8%). Using nine variable number of tandem repeat markers, 82 multilocus genotypes out of 86 F. graminearum isolates were identified and grouped into two genetic clusters, pop1fg (n = 29) and pop2fg (n = 32), as part of the North American populations (NA1 and NA2), but with no chemotype differentiation. F. graminearum populations in Georgia are mostly clonal and might have evolved through at least two introductions from the northeast US and Canada and local adaptation to maintain high genetic diversity. Pathogenicity of F. graminearum isolates from wheat and corn had high FHB severity (>60%) in wheat, depicting the risk they can pose towards future FHB outbreaks. Overall, this baseline study provided important information on Fusarium species diversity including F. graminearum associated with FHB in Georgia that will be useful to formulate integrated disease management incorporating improved host resistance and fungicide spray program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223;
| | - Bochra Amina Bahri
- University of Georgia, 1355, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223
- university of georgia UGA, 1109 Experiment Street, Georgia;
| | - Alfredo Martinez-Espinoza
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223;
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- University of Georgia, 1355, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, 1109 Experiment Strret, Redding Building #262, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223;
| | - James Buck
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223-1797;
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Bagwell JW, Subedi M, Sapkota S, Lopez B, Ghimire B, Chen Z, Buntin GD, Bahri BA, Mergoum M. Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Hessian Fly Resistance in Soft Red Winter Wheat. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1812. [PMID: 37761952 PMCID: PMC10531203 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hessian fly (HF) is an invasive insect that has caused millions of dollars in yield losses to southeastern US wheat farms. Genetic resistance is the most sustainable solution to control HF. However, emerging biotypes are quickly overcoming resistance genes in the southeast; therefore, identifying novel sources of resistance is critical. The resistant line "UGA 111729" and susceptible variety "AGS 2038" were crossbred to generate a population of 225 recombinant inbred lines. This population was phenotyped in the growth chamber (GC) during 2019 and 2021 and in field (F) trials in Georgia during the 2021-2022 growing seasons. Visual scoring was utilized in GC studies. The percentage of infested tillers and number of pupae/larvae per tiller, and infested tiller per sample were measured in studies from 2021 to 2022. Averaging across all traits, a major QTL on chromosome 3D explained 42.27% (GC) and 10.43% (F) phenotypic variance within 9.86 centimorgans (cM). SNP marker IWB65911 was associated with the quantitative trait locus (QTL) peak with logarithm of odds (LOD) values of 14.98 (F) and 62.22 (GC). IWB65911 colocalized with resistance gene H32. KASP marker validation verified that UGA 111729 and KS89WGRC06 express H32. IWB65911 may be used for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Bagwell
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
| | - Madhav Subedi
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA;
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (B.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - Bikash Ghimire
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (B.L.); (Z.C.)
| | - G. David Buntin
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Bochra A. Bahri
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.W.B.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (B.L.); (Z.C.)
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Subedi M, Ghimire B, Bagwell JW, Buck JW, Mergoum M. Wheat end-use quality: State of art, genetics, genomics-assisted improvement, future challenges, and opportunities. Front Genet 2023; 13:1032601. [PMID: 36685944 PMCID: PMC9849398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1032601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the most important source of food, feed, and nutrition for humans and livestock around the world. The expanding population has increasing demands for various wheat products with different quality attributes requiring the development of wheat cultivars that fulfills specific demands of end-users including millers and bakers in the international market. Therefore, wheat breeding programs continually strive to meet these quality standards by screening their improved breeding lines every year. However, the direct measurement of various end-use quality traits such as milling and baking qualities requires a large quantity of grain, traits-specific expensive instruments, time, and an expert workforce which limits the screening process. With the advancement of sequencing technologies, the study of the entire plant genome is possible, and genetic mapping techniques such as quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide association studies have enabled researchers to identify loci/genes associated with various end-use quality traits in wheat. Modern breeding techniques such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection allow the utilization of these genomic resources for the prediction of quality attributes with high accuracy and efficiency which speeds up crop improvement and cultivar development endeavors. In addition, the candidate gene approach through functional as well as comparative genomics has facilitated the translation of the genomic information from several crop species including wild relatives to wheat. This review discusses the various end-use quality traits of wheat, their genetic control mechanisms, the use of genetics and genomics approaches for their improvement, and future challenges and opportunities for wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Subedi
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - John White Bagwell
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - James W. Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Mohamed Mergoum,
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Ballén-Taborda C, Lyerly J, Smith J, Howell K, Brown-Guedira G, Babar MA, Harrison SA, Mason RE, Mergoum M, Murphy JP, Sutton R, Griffey CA, Boyles RE. Utilizing genomics and historical data to optimize gene pools for new breeding programs: A case study in winter wheat. Front Genet 2022; 13:964684. [PMID: 36276956 PMCID: PMC9585219 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.964684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid generation and preservation of both genomic and phenotypic information for many genotypes within crops and across locations, emerging breeding programs have a valuable opportunity to leverage these resources to 1) establish the most appropriate genetic foundation at program inception and 2) implement robust genomic prediction platforms that can effectively select future breeding lines. Integrating genomics-enabled1 breeding into cultivar development can save costs and allow resources to be reallocated towards advanced (i.e., later) stages of field evaluation, which can facilitate an increased number of testing locations and replicates within locations. In this context, a reestablished winter wheat breeding program was used as a case study to understand best practices to leverage and tailor existing genomic and phenotypic resources to determine optimal genetics for a specific target population of environments. First, historical multi-environment phenotype data, representing 1,285 advanced breeding lines, were compiled from multi-institutional testing as part of the SunGrains cooperative and used to produce GGE biplots and PCA for yield. Locations were clustered based on highly correlated line performance among the target population of environments into 22 subsets. For each of the subsets generated, EMMs and BLUPs were calculated using linear models with the ‘lme4’ R package. Second, for each subset, TPs representative of the new SC breeding lines were determined based on genetic relatedness using the ‘STPGA’ R package. Third, for each TP, phenotypic values and SNP data were incorporated into the ‘rrBLUP’ mixed models for generation of GEBVs of YLD, TW, HD and PH. Using a five-fold cross-validation strategy, an average accuracy of r = 0.42 was obtained for yield between all TPs. The validation performed with 58 SC elite breeding lines resulted in an accuracy of r = 0.62 when the TP included complete historical data. Lastly, QTL-by-environment interaction for 18 major effect genes across three geographic regions was examined. Lines harboring major QTL in the absence of disease could potentially underperform (e.g., Fhb1 R-gene), whereas it is advantageous to express a major QTL under biotic pressure (e.g., stripe rust R-gene). This study highlights the importance of genomics-enabled breeding and multi-institutional partnerships to accelerate cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ballén-Taborda
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, United States
| | - Jeanette Lyerly
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jared Smith
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly Howell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Md. Ali Babar
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephen A. Harrison
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Richard E. Mason
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - J. Paul Murphy
- Crop and Soil Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Russell Sutton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, United States
| | - Carl A. Griffey
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Richard E. Boyles
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard E. Boyles,
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Winn ZJ, Lyerly J, Ward B, Brown-Guedira G, Boyles RE, Mergoum M, Johnson J, Harrison S, Babar A, Mason RE, Sutton R, Murphy JP. Profiling of Fusarium head blight resistance QTL haplotypes through molecular markers, genotyping-by-sequencing, and machine learning. Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:3177-3194. [PMID: 35871415 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marker-assisted selection is important for cultivar development. We propose a system where a training population genotyped for QTL and genome-wide markers may predict QTL haplotypes in early development germplasm. Breeders screen germplasm with molecular markers to identify and select individuals that have desirable haplotypes. The objective of this research was to investigate whether QTL haplotypes can be accurately predicted using SNPs derived by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). In the SunGrains program during 2020 (SG20) and 2021 (SG21), 1,536 and 2,352 lines submitted for GBS were genotyped with markers linked to the Fusarium head blight QTL: Qfhb.nc-1A, Qfhb.vt-1B, Fhb1, and Qfhb.nc-4A. In parallel, data were compiled from the 2011-2020 Southern Uniform Winter Wheat Scab Nursery (SUWWSN), which had been screened for the same QTL, sequenced via GBS, and phenotyped for: visual Fusarium severity rating (SEV), percent Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol content (DON), plant height, and heading date. Three machine learning models were evaluated: random forest, k-nearest neighbors, and gradient boosting machine. Data were randomly partitioned into training-testing splits. The QTL haplotype and 100 most correlated GBS SNPs were used for training and tuning of each model. Trained machine learning models were used to predict QTL haplotypes in the testing partition of SG20, SG21, and the total SUWWSN. Mean disease ratings for the observed and predicted QTL haplotypes were compared in the SUWWSN. For all models trained using the SG20 and SG21, the observed Fhb1 haplotype estimated group means for SEV, FDK, DON, plant height, and heading date in the SUWWSN were not significantly different from any of the predicted Fhb1 calls. This indicated that machine learning may be utilized in breeding programs to accurately predict QTL haplotypes in earlier generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Winn
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Jeanette Lyerly
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian Ward
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research, USDA-ARS SEA, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Richard E Boyles
- Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, 29506, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Harrison
- Department of Agronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ali Babar
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Richard E Mason
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Russell Sutton
- AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Ghimire B, Mergoum M, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Sapkota S, Pradhan S, Babar MA, Bai G, Dong Y, Buck JW. Genetics of Fusarium head blight resistance in soft red winter wheat using a genome-wide association study. Plant Genome 2022; 15:e20222. [PMID: 35633121 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Host resistance is an effective and sustainable approach to manage the negative impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and quality. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotypic responses and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning different FHB resistance types using a panel of 236 elite soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The panel was phenotyped for five FHB and three morphological traits under two field and two greenhouse environments in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. We identified 160 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for FHB traits and 11 MTAs for plant height. Eleven QTL showed major effects and explained >10% phenotypic variation (PV) for FHB resistance. Among these major loci, three QTL were stable and five QTL exhibited a pleiotropic effect. The QTL QFhb-3BL, QFhb-5AS, QFhb-5BL, QFhb-7AS.1, QFhb-7AS.2, and QFhb-7BS are presumed to be novel. Pyramiding multiple resistance alleles from all the major-effect QTL resulted in a significant reduction in FHB incidence, severity, index, deoxynivalenol (DON), and Fusarium-damaged kernel (FDK) by 17, 43, 45, 55, and 25%, respectively. Further validation of these QTL could potentially facilitate successful introgression of these resistance loci in new cultivars for improved FHB resistance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | | | - Suraj Sapkota
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Sumit Pradhan
- Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Md Ali Babar
- Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - James W Buck
- Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
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DeWitt N, Guedira M, Murphy JP, Marshall D, Mergoum M, Maltecca C, Brown-Guedira G. A network modeling approach provides insights into the environment-specific yield architecture of wheat. Genetics 2022; 221:6583185. [PMID: 35536185 PMCID: PMC9252273 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield is impacted by a diversity of developmental processes which interact with the environment during plant growth. This complex genetic architecture complicates identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) that can be used to improve yield. Trait data collected on individual processes or components of yield have simpler genetic bases and can be used to model how QTL generate yield variation. The objectives of this experiment were to identify QTL affecting spike yield, evaluate how their effects on spike yield proceed from effects on component phenotypes, and to understand how the genetic basis of spike yield variation changes between environments. A 358 F5:6 RIL population developed from the cross of LA-95135 and SS-MPV-57 was evaluated in two replications at five locations over the 2018 and 2019 seasons. The parents were two soft red winter wheat cultivars differing in flowering, plant height, and yield component characters. Data on yield components and plant growth were used to assemble a structural equation model (SEM) to characterize the relationships between QTL, yield components and overall spike yield. The effects of major QTL on spike yield varied by environment, and their effects on total spike yield were proportionally smaller than their effects on component traits. This typically resulted from contrasting effects on component traits, where an increase in traits associated with kernel number was generally associated with a decrease in traits related to kernel size. In all, the complete set of identified QTL was sufficient to explain most of the spike yield variation observed within each environment. Still, the relative importance of individual QTL varied dramatically. Path analysis based on coefficients estimated through SEM demonstrated that these variations in effects resulted from both different effects of QTL on phenotypes and environment-by-environment differences in the effects of phenotypes on one another, providing a conceptual model for yield genotype-by-environment interactions in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah DeWitt
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695.,USDA-ARS SEA,Plant Science Research, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695
| | - Mohammed Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695
| | - J Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695
| | - David Marshall
- USDA-ARS SEA,Plant Science Research, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695.,USDA-ARS SEA,Plant Science Research, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695
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Rabbi SMHA, Kumar A, Mohajeri Naraghi S, Simsek S, Sapkota S, Solanki S, Alamri MS, Elias EM, Kianian S, Missaoui A, Mergoum M. Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Yield and Related Traits Under Drought Stressed and Non-stressed Environments in Wheat. Front Genet 2021; 12:649988. [PMID: 34239537 PMCID: PMC8258415 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetics of drought tolerance in hard red spring wheat (HRSW) in northern USA is a prerequisite for developing drought-tolerant cultivars for this region. An association mapping (AM) study for drought tolerance in spring wheat in northern USA was undertaken using 361 wheat genotypes and Infinium 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. The genotypes were evaluated in nine different locations of North Dakota (ND) for plant height (PH), days to heading (DH), yield (YLD), test weight (TW), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) under rain-fed conditions. Rainfall data and soil type of the locations were used to assess drought conditions. A mixed linear model (MLM), which accounts for population structure and kinship (PC+K), was used for marker–trait association. A total of 69 consistent QTL involved with drought tolerance-related traits were identified, with p ≤ 0.001. Chromosomes 1A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B, 6A, and 6B were identified to harbor major QTL for drought tolerance. Six potential novel QTL were identified on chromosomes 3D, 4A, 5B, 7A, and 7B. The novel QTL were identified for DH, PH, and TKW. The findings of this study can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for drought-tolerance breeding in spring wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hisam A Rabbi
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mohammed S Alamri
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elias M Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Shahryar Kianian
- United States Department of Agriculture-The Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Ali Missaoui
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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10
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Rabbi SMHA, Kumar A, Mohajeri Naraghi S, Sapkota S, Alamri MS, Elias EM, Kianian S, Seetan R, Missaoui A, Solanki S, Mergoum M. Identification of Main-Effect and Environmental Interaction QTL and Their Candidate Genes for Drought Tolerance in a Wheat RIL Population Between Two Elite Spring Cultivars. Front Genet 2021; 12:656037. [PMID: 34220939 PMCID: PMC8249774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.656037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetics of drought tolerance can expedite the development of drought-tolerant cultivars in wheat. In this study, we dissected the genetics of drought tolerance in spring wheat using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between a drought-tolerant cultivar, ‘Reeder’ (PI613586), and a high-yielding but drought-susceptible cultivar, ‘Albany.’ The RIL population was evaluated for grain yield (YLD), grain volume weight (GVW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), plant height (PH), and days to heading (DH) at nine different environments. The Infinium 90 k-based high-density genetic map was generated using 10,657 polymorphic SNP markers representing 2,057 unique loci. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis detected a total of 11 consistent QTL for drought tolerance-related traits. Of these, six QTL were exclusively identified in drought-prone environments, and five were constitutive QTL (identified under both drought and normal conditions). One major QTL on chromosome 7B was identified exclusively under drought environments and explained 13.6% of the phenotypic variation (PV) for YLD. Two other major QTL were detected, one each on chromosomes 7B and 2B under drought-prone environments, and explained 14.86 and 13.94% of phenotypic variation for GVW and YLD, respectively. One novel QTL for drought tolerance was identified on chromosome 2D. In silico expression analysis of candidate genes underlaying the exclusive QTLs associated with drought stress identified the enrichment of ribosomal and chloroplast photosynthesis-associated proteins showing the most expression variability, thus possibly contributing to stress response by modulating the glycosyltransferase (TraesCS6A01G116400) and hexosyltransferase (TraesCS7B01G013300) unique genes present in QTL 21 and 24, respectively. While both parents contributed favorable alleles to these QTL, unexpectedly, the high-yielding and less drought-tolerant parent contributed desirable alleles for drought tolerance at four out of six loci. Regardless of the origin, all QTL with significant drought tolerance could assist significantly in the development of drought-tolerant wheat cultivars, using genomics-assisted breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hisam Al Rabbi
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | - Suraj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Mohammed S Alamri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elias M Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Shahryar Kianian
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Raed Seetan
- Department of Computer Science, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, United States
| | - Ali Missaoui
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
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11
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DeWitt N, Guedira M, Lauer E, Murphy JP, Marshall D, Mergoum M, Johnson J, Holland JB, Brown-Guedira G. Characterizing the oligogenic architecture of plant growth phenotypes informs genomic selection approaches in a common wheat population. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:402. [PMID: 34058974 PMCID: PMC8166015 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in growth over the course of the season is a major source of grain yield variation in wheat, and for this reason variants controlling heading date and plant height are among the best-characterized in wheat genetics. While the major variants for these traits have been cloned, the importance of these variants in contributing to genetic variation for plant growth over time is not fully understood. Here we develop a biparental population segregating for major variants for both plant height and flowering time to characterize the genetic architecture of the traits and identify additional novel QTL. RESULTS We find that additive genetic variation for both traits is almost entirely associated with major and moderate-effect QTL, including four novel heading date QTL and four novel plant height QTL. FT2 and Vrn-A3 are proposed as candidate genes underlying QTL on chromosomes 3A and 7A, while Rht8 is mapped to chromosome 2D. These mapped QTL also underlie genetic variation in a longitudinal analysis of plant growth over time. The oligogenic architecture of these traits is further demonstrated by the superior trait prediction accuracy of QTL-based prediction models compared to polygenic genomic selection models. CONCLUSIONS In a population constructed from two modern wheat cultivars adapted to the southeast U.S., almost all additive genetic variation in plant growth traits is associated with known major variants or novel moderate-effect QTL. Major transgressive segregation was observed in this population despite the similar plant height and heading date characters of the parental lines. This segregation is being driven primarily by a small number of mapped QTL, instead of by many small-effect, undetected QTL. As most breeding populations in the southeast U.S. segregate for known QTL for these traits, genetic variation in plant height and heading date in these populations likely emerges from similar combinations of major and moderate effect QTL. We can make more accurate and cost-effective prediction models by targeted genotyping of key SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah DeWitt
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States.,USDA-ARS SEA, Plant Science Research, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States
| | - Edwin Lauer
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States
| | - J Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States
| | - David Marshall
- USDA-ARS SEA, Plant Science Research, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - James B Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States.,USDA-ARS SEA, Plant Science Research, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, NC, United States. .,USDA-ARS SEA, Plant Science Research, Raleigh, 27695, NC, USA.
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12
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Ward BP, Merrill K, Bulli P, Pumphrey M, Mason RE, Mergoum M, Johnson J, Sapkota S, Lopez B, Marshall D, Brown-Guedira G. Analysis of the primary sources of quantitative adult plant resistance to stripe rust in U.S. soft red winter wheat germplasm. Plant Genome 2021; 14:e20082. [PMID: 33595199 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, or yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritic), is a disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) historically causing significant economic losses in cooler growing regions. Novel isolates of stripe rust with increased tolerance for high temperatures were detected in the United States circa 2000. This increased heat tolerance puts geographic regions, such as the soft red winter wheat (SRWW) growing region of the southeastern United States, at greater risk of stripe rust induced losses. In order to identify sources of stripe rust resistance in contemporary germplasm, we conducted genome-wide association (GWA) studies on stripe rust severity measured in two panels. The first consisted of 273 older varieties, landraces, and some modern elite breeding lines and was evaluated in environments in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and the southeastern United States. The second panel consisted of 588 modern, elite SRWW breeding lines and was evaluated in four environments in Arkansas and Georgia. The analyses identified three major resistance loci on chromosomes: 2AS (presumably the 2NS:2AS alien introgression from Aegilops ventricosa Tausch; syn. Ae. caudata L.), 3BS, and 4BL. The 4BL locus explained a greater portion of variance in resistance than either the 2AS or 3BS loci in southeastern environments. However, its effects were unstable across different environments and sets of germplasm, possibly a result of its involvement in epistatic interactions. Relatively few lines carry resistance alleles at all three loci, suggesting that there is a pre-existing reservoir of enhanced stripe rust resistance that may be further exploited by regional breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Ward
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Current Address: Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Keith Merrill
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Peter Bulli
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mike Pumphrey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Richard Esten Mason
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Current Address: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - David Marshall
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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13
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Sapkota S, Mergoum M, Kumar A, Fiedler JD, Johnson J, Bland D, Lopez B, Sutton S, Ghimire B, Buck J, Chen Z, Harrison S. A novel adult plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr2K38 mapped on wheat chromosome 1AL. Plant Genome 2020; 13:e20061. [PMID: 33169935 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft red winter wheat (SRWW) cultivar AGS 2038 has a high level of seedling and adult plant leaf rust (LR) resistance. To map and characterize LR resistance in AGS 2038, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 225 lines was developed from a cross between AGS 2038 and moderately resistant line UGA 111729. The parents and RIL population were phenotyped for LR response in three field environments at Plains and Griffin, GA, in the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons, one greenhouse environment at the adult-plant stage, and at seedling stage. The RIL population was genotyped with the Illumina iSelect 90K SNP marker array, and a total of 7667 polymorphic markers representing 1513 unique loci were used to construct a linkage map. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis detected six QTL, QLr.ags-1AL, QLr.ags-2AS, QLr.ags-2BS1, QLr.ags-2BS2, QLr.ags-2BS3, and QLr.ags-2DS, for seedling and adult plant LR resistance. Of these, the major adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL, QLr.ags-1AL, was detected on all field and greenhouse adult plant tests and explained up to 34.45% of the phenotypic variation. QLr.ags-1AL, tightly flanked by IWB20487 and IWA4022 markers, was contributed by AGS 2038. Molecular marker analysis using a diagnostic marker linked to Lr59 showed that QLr.ags-1AL was different from Lr59, the only known LR resistance gene on 1AL. Therefore, the QTL was temporarily designated as Lr2K38. Lr2K38-linked marker IWB20487 was highly polymorphic among 30 SRWW lines and should be useful for selecting the Lr2K38 in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Dan Bland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Steve Sutton
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - James Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Stephen Harrison
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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14
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Guo J, Khan J, Pradhan S, Shahi D, Khan N, Avci M, Mcbreen J, Harrison S, Brown-Guedira G, Murphy JP, Johnson J, Mergoum M, Esten Mason R, Ibrahim AMH, Sutton R, Griffey C, Babar MA. Multi-Trait Genomic Prediction of Yield-Related Traits in US Soft Wheat under Variable Water Regimes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111270. [PMID: 33126620 PMCID: PMC7716228 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of genomic prediction (GP) on genetically correlated traits can be improved through an interdependence multi-trait model under a multi-environment context. In this study, a panel of 237 soft facultative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines was evaluated to compare single- and multi-trait models for predicting grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), spike fertility (SF), and thousand grain weight (TGW). The panel was phenotyped in two locations and two years in Florida under drought and moderately drought stress conditions, while the genotyping was performed using 27,957 genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) makers. Five predictive models including Multi-environment Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (MGBLUP), Bayesian Multi-trait Multi-environment (BMTME), Bayesian Multi-output Regressor Stacking (BMORS), Single-trait Multi-environment Deep Learning (SMDL), and Multi-trait Multi-environment Deep Learning (MMDL) were compared. Across environments, the multi-trait statistical model (BMTME) was superior to the multi-trait DL model for prediction accuracy in most scenarios, but the DL models were comparable to the statistical models for response to selection. The multi-trait model also showed 5 to 22% more genetic gain compared to the single-trait model across environment reflected by the response to selection. Overall, these results suggest that multi-trait genomic prediction can be an efficient strategy for economically important yield component related traits in soft wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Sumit Pradhan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Dipendra Shahi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Muhsin Avci
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Jordan Mcbreen
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Stephen Harrison
- School of Plant Environment and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | | | - Joseph Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 32223, USA; (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 32223, USA; (J.J.); (M.M.)
| | - Richanrd Esten Mason
- Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Amir M. H. Ibrahim
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.M.H.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Russel Sutton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (A.M.H.I.); (R.S.)
| | - Carl Griffey
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Md Ali Babar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.G.); (J.K.); (S.P.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (M.A.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ghimire B, Martinez-Espinoza A, Ghimire B, Harrelson B, Youmans J, Mergoum M, Buck J. First Report of Fusarium poae Causing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat in Georgia, USA. Plant Dis 2020; 105:491-491. [PMID: 32954980 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-20-1779-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most troublesome fungal diseases challenging US wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production (Savary et al. 2019). Harmful mycotoxin contamination, primarily due to deoxynivalenol (DON) in the Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), can negatively impact human and livestock health (McMullen et al. 1997). Although Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of FHB, several other species including F. poae could pose a risk by producing dangerous mycotoxins such as nivalenol, DON, HT-2, and T-2 (Stenglein 2009). Severe FHB epidemics on wheat have occurred in recent years along with increased corn acreage across the southeast US specifically in Georgia (Ghimire et al. 2020). Five symptomatic wheat heads displaying bleaching symptoms were randomly collected from 19 different fields across 13 counties of Georgia in late spring of 2018. Infected kernels were dipped in 6% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min and rinsed three times with sterilized water. Blot dried kernels were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for 7 days at 25°C under 12-h photoperiod. Three isolates (GA18W-2.1.6, GA18W-6.1.4, and GA18W-10.2.3) from Terrell, Peach, and Sumter counties exhibited dense, whitish mycelium colony typical of F. poae (Leslie and Summerell 2006). When grown in carboxymethylcellulose broth, isolates produced globose to piriform microconidia (5.1 to 12.4 µm by 4.4 to 11.2 µm) that were aseptate or had a single septation. The morphological identification was further confirmed by DNA sequencing. Single hyphal tip isolates were grown on cellophane overlain on PDA for 10 days. Fungal DNA was extracted using a Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit. Genomic DNA was sequenced using TEF1 and TEF2 primer pairs that target the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) locus (O'Donnell et al. 1998). BLASTn query of the obtained sequences of GA18W-2.1.6 (accession no. MT856907) and GA18W-10.2.3 (accession no. MT856909) were identified as F. poae with a 99% sequence homology with GenBank reference accession MK629641, while GA18W-6.1.4 (accession no. MT856908) displayed 100% similarity with F. poae accession KJ947343. Koch's postulates were performed under greenhouse conditions. Three seeds of the FHB susceptible wheat cultivar 'SS8641' were planted in individual cone-tainers with three replications (two cone-tainers/replicate). Wheat plants were vernalized for six weeks and then moved back to the greenhouse. Each F. poae isolate was spray inoculated (50,000 spores/ml) at the flowering stage onto 18-24 wheat heads. A field isolate of F. graminearum was included as a positive control whereas heads mock-inoculated with water were used as a negative control. Inoculated wheat heads were incubated in black plastic bags for 48 hours. Disease severity and FDK were recorded three weeks post inoculation. Disease severities were 6.7% (GA18W-2.1.6), 8.3% (GA18W-10.2.3), and 15.2% (GA18W-6.1.4) compared to 90.0% in the positive control similar to Arrúa et al (2019). No symptoms were observed in the negative control. FDK was 18% (GA18W-2.1.6), 28% (GA18W-10.2.3) and 44% (GA18W-6.1.4). F. poae was re-isolated from the infected heads and found to be morphologically identical to the isolates used for inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. poae associated with FHB of wheat in the state of Georgia, USA. F. poae isolates from Georgia might produce mycotoxins in addition to reducing grain yield which needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, Griffin, Georgia, United States;
| | - Alfredo Martinez-Espinoza
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223;
| | - Bhawana Ghimire
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, Griffin, Georgia, United States;
| | - Bennett Harrelson
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, Griffin, Georgia, United States;
| | - John Youmans
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, Griffin, Georgia, United States;
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- University of Georgia, 1355, Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, 1109 Experiment Strret, Redding Building #262, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223;
| | - James Buck
- University of Georgia, Plant Pathology, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia, United States, 30223-1797;
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Ghimire B, Sapkota S, Bahri BA, Martinez-Espinoza AD, Buck JW, Mergoum M. Fusarium Head Blight and Rust Diseases in Soft Red Winter Wheat in the Southeast United States: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Perspective for Breeding. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1080. [PMID: 32765563 PMCID: PMC7378807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the biotic constraints to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina, and stripe rust (SR) caused by Puccinia striiformis are problematic fungal diseases worldwide. Each can significantly reduce grain yield while FHB causes additional food and feed safety concerns due to mycotoxin contamination of grain. Genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach for managing wheat diseases. In the past 20 years, over 500 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring small to moderate effects for the different FHB resistance types have been reported in wheat. Similarly, 79 Lr-genes and more than 200 QTLs and 82 Yr-genes and 140 QTLs have been reported for seedling and adult plant LR and SR resistance, respectively. Most QTLs conferring rust resistance are race-specific generally conforming to a classical gene-for-gene interaction while resistance to FHB exhibits complex polygenic inheritance with several genetic loci contributing to one resistance type. Identification and deployment of additional genes/QTLs associated with FHB and rust resistance can expedite wheat breeding through marker-assisted and/or genomic selection to combine small-effect QTL in the gene pool. LR disease has been present in the southeast United States for decades while SR and FHB have become increasingly problematic in the past 20 years, with FHB arguably due to increased corn acreage in the region. Currently, QTLs on chromosome 1B from Jamestown, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5A, and 6A from W14, Ning7840, Ernie, Bess, Massey, NC-Neuse, and Truman, and 3B (Fhb1) from Sumai 3 for FHB resistance, Lr9, Lr10, Lr18, Lr24, Lr37, LrA2K, and Lr2K38 genes for LR resistance, and Yr17 and YrR61 for SR resistance have been extensively deployed in southeast wheat breeding programs. This review aims to disclose the current status of FHB, LR, and SR diseases, summarize the genetics of resistance and breeding efforts for the deployment of FHB and rust resistance QTL on soft red winter wheat cultivars, and present breeding strategies to achieve sustainable management of these diseases in the southeast US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Ghimire
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Suraj Sapkota
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Bochra A. Bahri
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | | | - James W. Buck
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, United States
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Barakat M, Al-Doss A, Moustafa K, Motawei M, Alamri M, Mergoum M, Sallam M, Al-Ashkar I. QTL analysis of farinograph and mixograph related traits in spring wheat under heat stress conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5477-5486. [PMID: 32632781 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Farinograph and mixograph-related parameters are key elements in wheat end-products quality. Understanding the genetic control of these traits and the influence of environmental factors such as heat stress, and their interaction are critical for developing cultivars with improved for those traits. To identify QTL for six farinograph and three mixograph traits, two double haploid (DH) populations (Yecora Rojo × Ksu106 and Klasic × Ksu105) were used in experiments conducted at Riyadh and Al Qassim locations under heat stress. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to determine the number of QTLs controlling these parameters. The genetic analysis of farinograph and mixograph-related traits showed considerable variation with transgressive segregation regardless of heat stress conditions in both locations. A total of 108 additive QTLs were detected for the six farinograph and three mixograph traits in the Yecora Rojo × Ksu106 population in both locations under heat treatments. These QTLs were distributed over all 21 wheat chromosomes except 3A. Similarly, in Klassic × Ksu105 population, there were an additional 68 QTLs identified over the two locations and were allocated on all chromosomes except 1D, 2A, 6A, and 6D. In population (Yecora Rojo × Ksu106), the QTL on chromosome 7A (Excalibur_c62415_288) showed significant effects for farinograph and mixograph traits (FDDT, FDST, FBD, M × h8, and M × t) under normal and heat stress condition at both locations. Interestingly, several QTLs that are related to farinograph and mixograph traits, which showed stable expression under both locations, were detected on chromosome 7A in population (Klassic × Ksu105). Results from this study show the quantitative nature of the genetic control of the studied traits and constitute a step toward identifying major QTLs that can be sued molecular-marker assisted breeding to develop new improved quality wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Barakat
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Motawei
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alamri
- College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Mohamed Sallam
- College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sapkota S, Mergoum M, Liu Z. The translucens group of Xanthomonas translucens: Complicated and important pathogens causing bacterial leaf streak on cereals. Mol Plant Pathol 2020; 21:291-302. [PMID: 31967397 PMCID: PMC7036361 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Xanthomonas translucens is a group of gram-negative bacteria that can cause important diseases in cereal crops and forage grasses. Different pathovars have been defined according to their host ranges, and molecular and biochemical characteristics. Pathovars have been placed into two major groups: translucens and graminis. The translucens group contains the pathovars causing bacterial leaf streak (BLS) on cereal crops such as wheat, barley, triticale, rye, and oat. In recent years, BLS has re-emerged as a major problem for many wheat- and barley-producing areas worldwide. The biology of the pathogens and the host-pathogen interactions in cereal BLS diseases were poorly understood. However, recent genome sequence data have provided an insight into the bacterial phylogeny and identification and pathogenicity/virulence. Furthermore, identification of sources of resistance to BLS and mapping of the resistance genes have been initiated. TAXONOMY Kingdom Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. translucens; translucens group pathovars: undulosa, translucens, cerealis, hordei, and secalis; graminis group pathovars: arrhenatheri, graminis, poae, phlei; newly established pathovar: pistaciae. HOST RANGE X. translucens mainly infects plant species in the Poaceae with the translucens group on cereal crop species and the graminis group on forage grass species. However, some strains have been isolated from, and are able to infect, ornamental asparagus and pistachio trees. Most pathovars have a narrow host range, while a few can infect a broad range of hosts. GENOME The complete genome sequence is available for two X. translucens pv. undulosa strains and one pv. translucens strain. A draft genome sequence is also available for at least one strain from each pathovar. The X. translucens pv. undulosa strain Xt4699 was the first to have its complete genome sequenced, which consists of 4,561,137 bp with total GC content approximately at 68% and 3,528 predicted genes. VIRULENCE MECHANISMS Like most xanthomonads, X. translucens utilizes a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver a suite of T3SS effectors (T3Es) inside plant cells. Transcription activator-like effectors, a special group of T3Es, have been identified in most of the X. translucens genomes, some of which have been implicated in virulence. Genetic factors determining host range virulence have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaGriffin Campus, GriffinGAUSA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaGriffin Campus, GriffinGAUSA
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaGriffin Campus, GriffinGAUSA
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Plant PathologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
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Zhu Z, Hao Y, Mergoum M, Bai G, Humphreys G, Cloutier S, Xia X, He Z. Breeding wheat for resistance to Fusarium head blight in the Global North: China, USA, and Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Pradhan S, Babar MA, Robbins K, Bai G, Mason RE, Khan J, Shahi D, Avci M, Guo J, Maksud Hossain M, Bhatta M, Mergoum M, Asseng S, Amand PS, Gezan S, Baik BK, Blount A, Bernardo A. Understanding the Genetic Basis of Spike Fertility to Improve Grain Number, Harvest Index, and Grain Yield in Wheat Under High Temperature Stress Environments. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1481. [PMID: 31850009 PMCID: PMC6895025 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Moderate heat stress accompanied by short episodes of extreme heat during the post-anthesis stage is common in most US wheat growing areas and causes substantial yield losses. Sink strength (grain number) is a key yield limiting factor in modern wheat varieties. Increasing spike fertility (SF) and improving the partitioning of assimilates can optimize sink strength which is essential to improve wheat yield potential under a hot and humid environment. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) allows identification of novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with SF and other partitioning traits that can assist in marker assisted breeding. In this study, GWAS was performed on a soft wheat association mapping panel (SWAMP) comprised of 236 elite lines using 27,466 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The panel was phenotyped in two heat stress locations over 3 years. GWAS identified 109 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) (p ≤ 9.99 x 10-5) related to eight phenotypic traits including SF (a major component of grain number) and spike harvest index (SHI, a major component of grain weight). MTAs detected on chromosomes 1B, 3A, 3B, and 5A were associated with multiple traits and are potentially important targets for selection. More than half of the significant MTAs (60 out of 109) were found in genes encoding different types of proteins related to metabolism, disease, and abiotic stress including heat stress. These MTAs could be potential targets for further validation study and may be used in marker-assisted breeding for improving wheat grain yield under post-anthesis heat stress conditions. This is the first study to identify novel QTLs associated with SF and SHI which represent the major components of grain number and grain weight, respectively, in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Pradhan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Md Ali Babar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelly Robbins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Richard Esten Mason
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dipendra Shahi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Muhsin Avci
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Madhav Bhatta
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Senthold Asseng
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Salvador Gezan
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Ann Blount
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amy Bernardo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Sapkota S, Hao Y, Johnson J, Buck J, Aoun M, Mergoum M. Genome-Wide Association Study of a Worldwide Collection of Wheat Genotypes Reveals Novel Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust Resistance. Plant Genome 2019; 12:1-14. [PMID: 33016598 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2019.05.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new virulent Puccinia triticina races requires a continuous search for novel sources of resistance to combat leaf rust (LR) disease Twenty-two wheat genotypes resistant to four P. triticina races were identified in this study A genome-wide association study detected 11 quantitative trait loci for LR resistance; five of them were detected on genomic regions where no LR resistant genes have been detected. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide is being challenged by several biotic and abiotic factors. Leaf rust (LR), caused by Puccinia triticina, is a major biotic constraint of wheat production worldwide. Genetic resistance is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control LR. Seventy-nine LR resistance genes have been identified to date but the frequent emergence of new virulent P. triticina races every year demands a constant search for new sources of resistance with novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) or genes. The objectives of this study were to identify putative novel sources of effective resistance against the current prevalent races of P. triticina in the southeast United States and to map genomic loci associated with LR resistance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Evaluation of 331 diverse wheat genotypes against four prevalent P. triticina races (MFGKG, MBTNB, MCTNB, and TCRKG) revealed that the majority of the genotypes were susceptible and only 22 genotypes (6.6%) were resistant to all four P. triticina races. The GWAS detected 11 QTL on nine chromosomes for LR resistance. Of these, six QTL were identified in the vicinity of known genes or QTL; therefore, more studies are warranted to determine their relationship. Five QTL (QLr.uga-1AL, QLr.uga-4AS, QLu.uga-5AS, QLr.uga-5AL, and QLr.uga-7AS) were identified on genomic regions where no LR resistance genes have been identified in wheat, representing potential novel loci for LR resistance. The highly resistant wheat genotypes and novel QTL reported in this study could be used in breeding programs to improve LR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sapkota
- Inst. of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223
| | - Yuanfeng Hao
- Inst. of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jerry Johnson
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223
| | - James Buck
- Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223
| | - Meriem Aoun
- Dep. of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223
- Inst. of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA, 30223
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22
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Kumar A, Mantovani EE, Simsek S, Jain S, Elias EM, Mergoum M. Genome wide genetic dissection of wheat quality and yield related traits and their relationship with grain shape and size traits in an elite × non-adapted bread wheat cross. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221826. [PMID: 31532783 PMCID: PMC6750600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic gain in yield and quality are two major targets of wheat breeding programs around the world. In this study, a high density genetic map consisting of 10,172 SNP markers identified a total of 43 genomic regions associated with three quality traits, three yield traits and two agronomic traits in hard red spring wheat (HRSW). When compared with six grain shape and size traits, the quality traits showed mostly independent genetic control (~18% common loci), while the yield traits showed moderate association (~53% common loci). Association of genomic regions for grain area (GA) and thousand-grain weight (TGW), with yield suggests that targeting an increase in GA may help enhancing wheat yield through an increase in TGW. Flour extraction (FE), although has a weak positive phenotypic association with grain shape and size, they do not share any common genetic loci. A major contributor to plant height was the Rht8 locus and the reduced height allele was associated with significant increase in grains per spike (GPS) and FE, and decrease in number of spikes per square meter and test weight. Stable loci were identified for almost all the traits. However, we could not find any QTL in the region of major known genes like GPC-B1, Ha, Rht-1, and Ppd-1. Epistasis also played an important role in the genetics of majority of the traits. In addition to enhancing our knowledge about the association of wheat quality and yield with grain shape and size, this study provides novel loci, genetic information and pre-breeding material (combining positive alleles from both parents) to enhance the cultivated gene pool in wheat germplasm. These resources are valuable in facilitating molecular breeding for wheat quality and yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Eder E. Mantovani
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Shalu Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Elias M. Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
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Liu Y, Salsman E, Fiedler JD, Hegstad JB, Green A, Mergoum M, Zhong S, Li X. Genetic Mapping and Prediction Analysis of FHB Resistance in a Hard Red Spring Wheat Breeding Population. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1007. [PMID: 31447872 PMCID: PMC6691880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat worldwide. Breeding for FHB resistance is hampered by its complex genetic architecture, large genotype by environment interaction, and high cost of phenotype screening. Genomic selection (GS) is a powerful tool to enhance improvement of complex traits such as FHB resistance. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the genetic architecture of FHB resistance in a North Dakota State University (NDSU) hard red spring wheat breeding population, (2) test if the major QTL Fhb1 and Fhb5 play an important role in this breeding population; and (3) assess the potential of GS to enhance breeding efficiency of FHB resistance. A total of 439 elite spring wheat breeding lines from six breeding cycles were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and 102,147 SNP markers were obtained. Evaluation of FHB severity was conducted in 10 unbalanced field trials across multiple years and locations. One QTL for FHB resistance was identified and located on chromosome arm 1AL, explaining 5.3% of total phenotypic variation. The major type II resistance QTL Fhb1 only explained 3.1% of total phenotypic variation and the QTL Fhb5 was not significantly associated with FHB resistance in this breeding population. Our results suggest that integration of many genes with medium/minor effects in this breeding population should provide stable FHB resistance. Genomic prediction accuracies of 0.22-0.44 were obtained when predicting over breeding cycles in this study, indicating the potential of GS to enhance the improvement of FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Evan Salsman
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Jason D. Fiedler
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS Genotyping Laboratory, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Justin B. Hegstad
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Andrew Green
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Sarinelli JM, Murphy JP, Tyagi P, Holland JB, Johnson JW, Mergoum M, Mason RE, Babar A, Harrison S, Sutton R, Griffey CA, Brown-Guedira G. Training population selection and use of fixed effects to optimize genomic predictions in a historical USA winter wheat panel. Theor Appl Genet 2019; 132:1247-1261. [PMID: 30680419 PMCID: PMC6449317 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The optimization of training populations and the use of diagnostic markers as fixed effects increase the predictive ability of genomic prediction models in a cooperative wheat breeding panel. Plant breeding programs often have access to a large amount of historical data that is highly unbalanced, particularly across years. This study examined approaches to utilize these data sets as training populations to integrate genomic selection into existing pipelines. We used cross-validation to evaluate predictive ability in an unbalanced data set of 467 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes evaluated in the Gulf Atlantic Wheat Nursery from 2008 to 2016. We evaluated the impact of different training population sizes and training population selection methods (Random, Clustering, PEVmean and PEVmean1) on predictive ability. We also evaluated inclusion of markers associated with major genes as fixed effects in prediction models for heading date, plant height, and resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). Increases in predictive ability as the size of the training population increased were more evident for Random and Clustering training population selection methods than for PEVmean and PEVmean1. The selection methods based on minimization of the prediction error variance (PEV) outperformed the Random and Clustering methods across all the population sizes. Major genes added as fixed effects always improved model predictive ability, with the greatest gains coming from combinations of multiple genes. Maximum predictabilities among all prediction methods were 0.64 for grain yield, 0.56 for test weight, 0.71 for heading date, 0.73 for plant height, and 0.60 for powdery mildew resistance. Our results demonstrate the utility of combining unbalanced phenotypic records with genome-wide SNP marker data for predicting the performance of untested genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Martin Sarinelli
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - J. Paul Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - James B. Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Jerry W. Johnson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Richard E. Mason
- Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ali Babar
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Stephen Harrison
- Department of Agronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Russell Sutton
- AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Carl A. Griffey
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Zhao M, Wang G, Leng Y, Wanjugi H, Xi P, Grosz MD, Mergoum M, Zhong S. Molecular Mapping of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in the Spring Wheat Line ND2710. Phytopathology 2018; 108:972-979. [PMID: 29561710 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-17-0392-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ND2710 is a hard red spring wheat line with a very high level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). It was selected from the progeny of a cross between ND2603 (an advanced breeding line derived from the Sumai 3/Wheaton cross) and Grandin (a spring wheat cultivar). The FHB resistance of ND2710 is presumably derived from Sumai 3 because the other parents (Grandin and Wheaton) are very susceptible to FHB. To identify and map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FHB resistance in ND2710, we developed a mapping population consisting of 233 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross between ND2710 and the spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite. These RILs along with their parents and checks were evaluated for reactions to FHB in three greenhouse experiments and one field experiment during 2013 to 2014. The population was also genotyped with the wheat 90K iSelect single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay, and a genetic linkage map was developed with 1,373 non-cosegregating SNP markers, which were distributed on all 21 wheat chromosomes spanning 914.98 centimorgans of genetic distance. Genetic analyses using both phenotypic and genotypic data identified one major QTL (Qfhb.ndwp-3B) on the short arm of chromosome 3B, and three minor QTL (Qfhb.ndwp-6B, Qfhb.ndwp-2A, and Qfhb.ndwp-6A) on 6B, 2A, and 6A, respectively. The major QTL on 3B was detected in all experiments and explained 5 to 20% of the phenotypic variation, while the three minor QTL on 6B, 2A, and 6A explained 5 to 12% phenotypic variation in at least two experiments, except for Qfhb.ndwp-2A, which was only detected in the field experiment. Qfhb.ndwp-3B and Qfhb.ndwp-6B were mapped to the genomic regions containing Fhb1 and Fhb2, respectively, confirming that they originated from Sumai 3. The additive effect of the major and minor QTL may contribute to the high level of FHB resistance in ND2710. The SNP markers closely linked to the FHB resistance QTL will be useful for marker-assisted selection of FHB resistance in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhao
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Guomei Wang
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Yueqiang Leng
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Humphrey Wanjugi
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Pinggen Xi
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Michael D Grosz
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- First, third, fifth, and eighth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108; second, fourth, and sixth authors: Monsanto Company, St. Louis 63104; and seventh author: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223
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Ohm JB, Simsek S, Mergoum M. Variation of protein MWD parameters and their associations with free asparagine concentration and quality characteristics in hard red spring wheat. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ohm JB, Mergoum M, Simsek S. Variation of Free Asparagine Concentration and Association with Quality Parameters for Hard Red Spring Wheat Grown in North Dakota. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-16-0290-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bom Ohm
- USDA-ARS, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Hard Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
- Present address: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, U.S.A
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, U.S.A
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Bassi FM, Ghavami F, Hayden MJ, Wang Y, Forrest KL, Kong S, Dizon R, Michalak de Jimenez MK, Meinhardt SW, Mergoum M, Gu YQ, Kianian SF. Fast-forward genetics by radiation hybrids to saturate the locus regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility in Triticum. Plant Biotechnol J 2016; 14:1716-1726. [PMID: 26915753 PMCID: PMC5067624 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear-encoded species cytoplasm specific (scs) genes control nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility in wheat (genus Triticum). Alloplasmic cells, which have nucleus and cytoplasm derived from different species, produce vigorous and vital organisms only when the correct version of scs is present in their nucleus. In this study, bulks of in vivo radiation hybrids segregating for the scs phenotype have been genotyped by sequencing with over 1.9 million markers. The high marker saturation obtained for a critical region of chromosome 1D allowed identification of 3318 reads that mapped in close proximity of the scs. A novel in silico approach was deployed to extend these short reads to sequences of up to 70 Kb in length and identify candidate open reading frames (ORFs). Markers were developed to anchor the short contigs containing ORFs to a radiation hybrid map of 650 individuals with resolution of 288 Kb. The region containing the scs locus was narrowed to a single Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) contig of Aegilops tauschii. Its sequencing and assembly by nano-mapping allowed rapid identification of a rhomboid gene as the only ORF existing within the refined scs locus. Resequencing of this gene from multiple germplasm sources identified a single nucleotide mutation, which gives rise to a functional amino acid change. Gene expression characterization revealed that an active copy of this rhomboid exists on all homoeologous chromosomes of wheat, and depending on the specific cytoplasm each copy is preferentially expressed. Therefore, a new methodology was applied to unique genetic stocks to rapidly identify a strong candidate gene for the control of nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M Bassi
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
- International Center for the Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Farhad Ghavami
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
- Eurofins BioDiagnostics, Inc., River Falls, WI, USA
| | - Matthew J Hayden
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBiosciences Center, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
| | - Yi Wang
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Kerrie L Forrest
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBiosciences Center, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
| | - Stephan Kong
- Department of Environment and Primary Industries, AgriBiosciences Center, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
| | - Rhoderissa Dizon
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Steven W Meinhardt
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yong Q Gu
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Kariyawasam GK, Carter AH, Rasmussen JB, Faris J, Xu SS, Mergoum M, Liu Z. Genetic relationships between race-nonspecific and race-specific interactions in the wheat-Pyrenophora tritici-repentis pathosystem. Theor Appl Genet 2016; 129:897-908. [PMID: 26796533 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We identified a major QTL conferring race-nonspecific resistance and revealed its relationships with race-specific interactions in the wheat- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis pathosystem. Tan spot, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. The disease system is known to include inverse gene-for-gene, race-specific interactions involving the recognition of fungal-produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs) by corresponding host sensitivity genes. However, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring race-nonspecific resistance have also been identified. In this work, we identified a major race-nonspecific resistance QTL and characterized its genetic relationships with the NE-host gene interactions Ptr ToxA-Tsn1 and Ptr ToxC-Tsc1 in a recombinant inbred wheat population derived from the cross between 'Louise' and 'Penawawa.' Both parental lines were sensitive to Ptr ToxA, but Penawawa and Louise were highly resistant and susceptible, respectively, to conidial inoculations of all races. Resistance was predominantly governed by a major race-nonspecific QTL on chromosome arm 3BL for resistance to all races. Another significant QTL was detected at the distal end of chromosome arm 1AS for resistance to the Ptr ToxC-producing isolates, which corresponded to the known location of the Tsc1 locus. The effects of the 3B and 1A QTLs were largely additive, and the 3B resistance QTL was epistatic to the Ptr ToxA-Tsn1 interaction. Resistance to race 2 in F1 plants was completely dominant; however, race 3-inoculated F1 plants were only moderately resistant because they developed chlorosis presumably due to the Ptr ToxC-Tsc1 interaction. This work provides further understanding of genetic resistance in the wheat-tan spot system as well as important guidance for tan spot resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan K Kariyawasam
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Arron H Carter
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6420, USA
| | - Jack B Rasmussen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Justin Faris
- USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, 58102, USA
| | - Steven S Xu
- USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, 58102, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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Kumar A, Mantovani EE, Seetan R, Soltani A, Echeverry-Solarte M, Jain S, Simsek S, Doehlert D, Alamri MS, Elias EM, Kianian SF, Mergoum M. Dissection of Genetic Factors underlying Wheat Kernel Shape and Size in an Elite × Nonadapted Cross using a High Density SNP Linkage Map. Plant Genome 2016; 9. [PMID: 27898771 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.09.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat kernel shape and size has been under selection since early domestication. Kernel morphology is a major consideration in wheat breeding, as it impacts grain yield and quality. A population of 160 recombinant inbred lines (RIL), developed using an elite (ND 705) and a nonadapted genotype (PI 414566), was extensively phenotyped in replicated field trials and genotyped using Infinium iSelect 90K assay to gain insight into the genetic architecture of kernel shape and size. A high density genetic map consisting of 10,172 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, with an average marker density of 0.39 cM/marker, identified a total of 29 genomic regions associated with six grain shape and size traits; ∼80% of these regions were associated with multiple traits. The analyses showed that kernel length (KL) and width (KW) are genetically independent, while a large number (∼59%) of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for kernel shape traits were in common with genomic regions associated with kernel size traits. The most significant QTL was identified on chromosome 4B, and could be an ortholog of major rice grain size and shape gene or . Major and stable loci also were identified on the homeologous regions of Group 5 chromosomes, and in the regions of (6A) and (7A) genes. Both parental genotypes contributed equivalent positive QTL alleles, suggesting that the nonadapted germplasm has a great potential for enhancing the gene pool for grain shape and size. This study provides new knowledge on the genetic dissection of kernel morphology, with a much higher resolution, which may aid further improvement in wheat yield and quality using genomic tools.
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Soltani A, Kumar A, Mergoum M, Pirseyedi SM, Hegstad JB, Mazaheri M, Kianian SF. Novel nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction in wheat (Triticum aestivum) induces vigorous plants. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 16:171-82. [PMID: 26860316 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization can be considered an accelerator of evolution, otherwise a slow process, solely dependent on mutation and recombination. Upon interspecific hybridization, several novel interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes emerge which provide additional sources of diversity. The magnitude and essence of intergenomic interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes remain unknown due to the direction of many crosses. This study was conducted to address the role of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions as a source of variation upon hybridization. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) alloplasmic lines carrying the cytoplasm of Aegilops mutica along with an integrated approach utilizing comparative quantitative trait locus (QTL) and epigenome analysis were used to dissect this interaction. The results indicate that cytoplasmic genomes can modify the magnitude of QTL controlling certain physiological traits such as dry matter weight. Furthermore, methylation profiling analysis detected eight polymorphic regions affected by the cytoplasm type. In general, these results indicate that novel nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions can potentially trigger an epigenetic modification cascade in nuclear genes which eventually change the genetic network controlling physiological traits. These modified genetic networks can serve as new sources of variation to accelerate the evolutionary process. Furthermore, this variation can synthetically be produced by breeders in their programs to develop epigenomic-segregating lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soltani
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Crop and Soil, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | | | - Justin B Hegstad
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Mona Mazaheri
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Kumar A, Seetan R, Mergoum M, Tiwari VK, Iqbal MJ, Wang Y, Al-Azzam O, Šimková H, Luo MC, Dvorak J, Gu YQ, Denton A, Kilian A, Lazo GR, Kianian SF. Radiation hybrid maps of the D-genome of Aegilops tauschii and their application in sequence assembly of large and complex plant genomes. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:800. [PMID: 26475137 PMCID: PMC4609151 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large and complex genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., ~17 Gb) requires high resolution genome maps with saturated marker scaffolds to anchor and orient BAC contigs/ sequence scaffolds for whole genome assembly. Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping has proven to be an excellent tool for the development of such maps for it offers much higher and more uniform marker resolution across the length of the chromosome compared to genetic mapping and does not require marker polymorphism per se, as it is based on presence (retention) vs. absence (deletion) marker assay. METHODS In this study, a 178 line RH panel was genotyped with SSRs and DArT markers to develop the first high resolution RH maps of the entire D-genome of Ae. tauschii accession AL8/78. To confirm map order accuracy, the AL8/78-RH maps were compared with:1) a DArT consensus genetic map constructed using more than 100 bi-parental populations, 2) a RH map of the D-genome of reference hexaploid wheat 'Chinese Spring', and 3) two SNP-based genetic maps, one with anchored D-genome BAC contigs and another with anchored D-genome sequence scaffolds. Using marker sequences, the RH maps were also anchored with a BAC contig based physical map and draft sequence of the D-genome of Ae. tauschii. RESULTS A total of 609 markers were mapped to 503 unique positions on the seven D-genome chromosomes, with a total map length of 14,706.7 cR. The average distance between any two marker loci was 29.2 cR which corresponds to 2.1 cM or 9.8 Mb. The average mapping resolution across the D-genome was estimated to be 0.34 Mb (Mb/cR) or 0.07 cM (cM/cR). The RH maps showed almost perfect agreement with several published maps with regard to chromosome assignments of markers. The mean rank correlations between the position of markers on AL8/78 maps and the four published maps, ranged from 0.75 to 0.92, suggesting a good agreement in marker order. With 609 mapped markers, a total of 2481 deletions for the whole D-genome were detected with an average deletion size of 42.0 Mb. A total of 520 markers were anchored to 216 Ae. tauschii sequence scaffolds, 116 of which were not anchored earlier to the D-genome. CONCLUSION This study reports the development of first high resolution RH maps for the D-genome of Ae. tauschii accession AL8/78, which were then used for the anchoring of unassigned sequence scaffolds. This study demonstrates how RH mapping, which offered high and uniform resolution across the length of the chromosome, can facilitate the complete sequence assembly of the large and complex plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Raed Seetan
- Department of Computer Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, 16057, USA
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Muhammad J Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Omar Al-Azzam
- Department of Computer Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - Hana Šimková
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Šlechtitelů 31, 783-71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ming-Cheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jan Dvorak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yong Q Gu
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Anne Denton
- Department of Computer Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Limited, 1 Wilf Crane Crescent, Yarralumla, ACT2600, Australia
| | - Gerard R Lazo
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Shahryar F Kianian
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Echeverry-Solarte M, Kumar A, Kianian S, Mantovani EE, McClean PE, Deckard EL, Elias E, Simsek S, Alamri MS, Hegstad J, Schatz B, Mergoum M. Genome-Wide Mapping of Spike-Related and Agronomic Traits in a Common Wheat Population Derived from a Supernumerary Spikelet Parent and an Elite Parent. Plant Genome 2015. [PMID: 33228318 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2014.03.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, exotic genotypes harbor a broad range of spike-related traits, and can be used as a source of new genes for germplasm enhancement in wheat breeding programs. In the present study, a population of 163 recombinant inbred lines was derived from a cross between an elite line (WCB414) and an exotic line (WCB617) with branched spike (supernumerary spikelet; SS) head morphology. The population was evaluated over four to six environments to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with nine spike-related traits and 10 agronomic traits. A genetic map consisting of 939 diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers was constructed. Composite interval mapping identified a total of 143 QTL located on 17 different wheat chromosomes and included 33 consistent and definitive QTL. The amount of phenotype variation explained (PVE) by individual QTL ranged from 0.61 to 91.8%. One major QTL for glume pubescence was located in a QTL-rich region on the short arm of chromosome 1A, where loci for other traits such as for kernels per spike (KS) and spike length (SL) were also identified. Similarly, a cluster of QTL associated with yield-related, agronomic and spike-related traits contributing up to 40.3% of PVE was found on the short arm of chromosome 2D, in the vicinity of a major QTL for SS-related traits. Consistent and major QTL identified in the present study may be useful in marker-assisted breeding programs to facilitate transfer of desirable alleles into other germplasm. Desirable QTL alleles were also contributed by the exotic line, suggesting the possibility of enriching the breeding germplasm with alleles from SS genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Shahryar Kianian
- USDA-ARS - Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig St., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - Eder E Mantovani
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Phillip E McClean
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Edward L Deckard
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Elias Elias
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Senay Simsek
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Mohammed S Alamri
- Dep. of Food Sciences & Nutrition, King Saud Univ., P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justin Hegstad
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Blaine Schatz
- North Dakota State Univ. Carrington Research Extension Center, P.O. Box 219, Carrington, ND, 58421
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
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Mazaheri M, Kianian P, Kumar A, Mergoum M, Seetan R, Soltani A, Lund LI, Pirseyedi SM, Denton AM, Kianian SF. Radiation Hybrid Map of Barley Chromosome 3H. Plant Genome 2015; 8:eplantgenome2015.02.0005. [PMID: 33228309 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.02.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome is complicated by its large size (5.1 Gb) and proportion of repetitive elements (84%). This process is facilitated by high resolution maps for aligning bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs along chromosomes. Available genetic maps, however, do not provide accurate information on the physical position of a large portion of the genome located in recombination-poor regions. Radiation hybrid (RH) mapping is an alternative approach, which is based on radiation-induced deletions along the length of chromosomes. In this study, the first RH map for barley chromosome 3H was developed. In total, 373 in vivo RH lines were generated by irradiating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-barley chromosome 3H addition lines and crossing them to a normal wheat cultivar. Each RH informative line (containing deletions) had, on average, three deletions. The induced deletion size varied from 36.58 Kb to 576.00 Mb, with an average length of 52.42 Mb. This initial chromosome 3H radiation hybrid (3H-RH) map had a 9.53× higher resolution than an analogous genetic map, reaching a maximum of >262.40× resolution in regions around the centromere. The final RH map was 3066.1 cR in length, with a 0.76 Mb resolution. It was estimated that the map resolution can be improved to an average of 30.34 Kb by saturating the 3H-RH map with molecular markers. The generated RH panel enabled alignment of BAC and sequenced contigs as small as 1.50 Kb in size. The high resolution and the coverage of poor-recombination regions make RH maps an ideal resource for barley genome assembly, as well as other genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mazaheri
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND, 58108
| | - Penny Kianian
- Dep. of Horticultural Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND, 58108
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND, 58108
| | - Raed Seetan
- Dep. of Math, Science, and Technology, Univ. of Minnesota, Crookston, MN
| | - Ali Soltani
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND, 58108
| | - Lucy I Lund
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND, 58108
| | | | - Anne M Denton
- Dep. of Computer Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND, 58108
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Echeverry-Solarte M, Kumar A, Kianian S, Mantovani EE, McClean PE, Deckard EL, Elias E, Simsek S, Alamri MS, Hegstad J, Schatz B, Mergoum M. Genome-Wide Mapping of Spike-Related and Agronomic Traits in a Common Wheat Population Derived from a Supernumerary Spikelet Parent and an Elite Parent. Plant Genome 2015; 8:eplantgenome2014.12.0089. [PMID: 33228318 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2014.12.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, exotic genotypes harbor a broad range of spike-related traits, and can be used as a source of new genes for germplasm enhancement in wheat breeding programs. In the present study, a population of 163 recombinant inbred lines was derived from a cross between an elite line (WCB414) and an exotic line (WCB617) with branched spike (supernumerary spikelet; SS) head morphology. The population was evaluated over four to six environments to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with nine spike-related traits and 10 agronomic traits. A genetic map consisting of 939 diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers was constructed. Composite interval mapping identified a total of 143 QTL located on 17 different wheat chromosomes and included 33 consistent and definitive QTL. The amount of phenotype variation explained (PVE) by individual QTL ranged from 0.61 to 91.8%. One major QTL for glume pubescence was located in a QTL-rich region on the short arm of chromosome 1A, where loci for other traits such as for kernels per spike (KS) and spike length (SL) were also identified. Similarly, a cluster of QTL associated with yield-related, agronomic and spike-related traits contributing up to 40.3% of PVE was found on the short arm of chromosome 2D, in the vicinity of a major QTL for SS-related traits. Consistent and major QTL identified in the present study may be useful in marker-assisted breeding programs to facilitate transfer of desirable alleles into other germplasm. Desirable QTL alleles were also contributed by the exotic line, suggesting the possibility of enriching the breeding germplasm with alleles from SS genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Shahryar Kianian
- USDA-ARS - Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig St., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108
| | - Eder E Mantovani
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Phillip E McClean
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Edward L Deckard
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Elias Elias
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Senay Simsek
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Mohammed S Alamri
- Dep. of Food Sciences & Nutrition, King Saud Univ., P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justin Hegstad
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
| | - Blaine Schatz
- North Dakota State Univ. Carrington Research Extension Center, P.O. Box 219, Carrington, ND, 58421
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050
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Echeverry-Solarte M, Kumar A, Kianian S, Simsek S, Alamri MS, Mantovani EE, McClean PE, Deckard EL, Elias E, Schatz B, Xu SS, Mergoum M. New QTL alleles for quality-related traits in spring wheat revealed by RIL population derived from supernumerary × non-supernumerary spikelet genotypes. Theor Appl Genet 2015; 128:893-912. [PMID: 25740563 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A population developed from an exotic line with supernumerary spikelets was genetically dissected for eight quality traits, discovering new genes/alleles with potential use in wheat breeding programs. Identifying new QTLs and alleles in exotic germplasm is paramount for further improvement of quality traits in wheat. In the present study, an RIL population developed from a cross of an elite wheat line (WCB414) and an exotic genotype with supernumerary spikelets (SS) was used to identify QTLs and new alleles for eight quality traits. Composite interval mapping for 1,000 kernels weight (TKW), kernel volume weight (KVW), grain protein content (GPC), percent of flour extraction (FE) and four mixograph-related traits identified a total of 69 QTLs including 19 stable QTLs. These QTLs were located on 18 different chromosomes (except 4D, 5D, and 6D). Thirteen of these QTLs explained more than 15% of phenotypic variation (PV) and were considered as major QTLs. In this study, we identified 11 QTLs for TKW (R (2) = 7.2-17.1 %), 10 for KVW (R (2) = 6.7-22.5%), 11 for GPC (R (2) = 4.7-16.9%), 6 for FE (R (2) = 4.8-19%) and 31 for mixograph-related traits (R (2) = 3.2-41.2%). In this population, several previously identified QTLs for SS, nine spike-related and ten agronomic traits were co-located with the quality QTLs, suggesting pleiotropic effects or close linkage among loci. The traits GPC and mixogram-related traits were positively correlated with SS. Indeed, several loci for quality traits were co-located with QTL for SS. The exotic parent contributed positive alleles that increased PV of the traits at 56% of loci demonstrating the suitability of germplasm with SS to improve quality traits in wheat.
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Soltani A, Ghavami F, Mergoum M, Hegstad J, Noyszewski A, Meinhardt S, Kianian SF. Analysis of ATP6 sequence diversity in the Triticum-Aegilops species group reveals the crucial role of rearrangement in mitochondrial genome evolution. Genome 2014; 57:279-88. [PMID: 25170648 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutation and chromosomal rearrangements are the two main forces of increasing genetic diversity for natural selection to act upon, and ultimately drive the evolutionary process. Although genome evolution is a function of both forces, simultaneously, the ratio of each can be varied among different genomes and genomic regions. It is believed that in plant mitochondrial genome, rearrangements play a more important role than point mutations, but relatively few studies have directly addressed this phenomenon. To address this issue, we isolated and sequenced the ATP6-1 and ATP6-2 genes from 46 different euplasmic and alloplasmic wheat lines. Four different ATP6-1 orthologs were detected, two of them reported for the first time. Expression analysis revealed that all four orthologs are transcriptionally active. Results also indicated that both point mutation and genomic rearrangement are involved in the evolution of ATP6. However, rearrangement is the predominant force that triggers drastic variation. Data also indicated that speciation of domesticated wheat cultivars were simultaneous with the duplication of this gene. These results directly support the notion that rearrangement plays a significant role in driving plant mitochondrial genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soltani
- a Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Simsek S, Ohm JB, Lu H, Rugg M, Berzonsky W, Alamri MS, Mergoum M. Effect of pre-harvest sprouting on physicochemical changes of proteins in wheat. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:205-212. [PMID: 23674491 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High moisture before harvest can cause sprouting of the wheat kernel, which is termed pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). The aim of this study was to examine the variation in physicochemical properties of proteins in PHS-damaged (sprouted) hard red and white spring wheat genotypes. Specifically, protein content, enzyme activity and degradation of proteins were evaluated in sound and PHS-damaged wheat. RESULTS Protein contents of sprouted wheat samples were lower than that of non-sprouted samples; however, their differences were not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with sprouting score. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer extractable proteins (EXP) and unextractable proteins (UNP) were analyzed by high-performance size exclusion chromatography. PHS damage elevated endoprotease activity and consequently increased the degradation of polymeric UNP and free asparagine concentration in wheat samples. Free asparagine is known to be a precursor for formation of carcinogenic acrylamide during high heat treatment, such as baking bread. Free asparagine content had significant correlations (P < 0.01) with sprouting score, endoprotease activity and protein degradation. CONCLUSIONS Genotypes with higher endoprotease activity tend to exhibit a larger degree of degradation of UNP and higher free asparagine concentration in sprouted wheat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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Kumar A, Elias EM, Ghavami F, Xu X, Jain S, Manthey FA, Mergoum M, Alamri MS, Kianian PM, Kianian SF. A major QTL for gluten strength in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hossain K, Ulven C, Glover K, Ghavami F, Simsek S, Alamri M, Kumar A, Mergoum M. Interdependence of Cultivar and Environment on Fiber Composition in Wheat Bran. Aust J Crop Sci 2013; 7:525-531. [PMID: 30147755 PMCID: PMC6105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Starch and cellulose are among the best known renewable reinforcing components. Scientists are continuously looking for various renewable sources such as flax, hemp, jute, and corn hulls with polymer matrixes to form composite materials and make structural biocomposites a reality. Wheat is a major cereal grain in the US and the world. During wheat milling, a large amount of wheat bran, a by-product, is disposed off as waste. The high percentage of water-insoluble fiber in wheat bran could be advantageous for reinforcing industrial material. However, the utilization of cellulosic fibers derived from wheat byproduct has not been explored in processing of biocomposites. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize wheat bran fiber compositions including dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose (Cell), hemicellulose (Hemi), calcium (Ca), fat, starch, and acid detergent lignin (ADL); identify the interrelationship between the fiber composition traits and the influence of the environment and genotype on these traits. The experiment included six diverse and popular hard red spring wheat (HRSW) cultivars commonly grown in spring wheat region of the Northern Plains of USA. The experiment was installed in three different environments in the Dakotas States, USA. Results from this study showed that the DM, ash, Ca, Cell, starch, and ADL contents were influenced mainly by environments. However, CP along with fat, ash and Ca contents were influenced by genotypes in addition to environment. All bran components were influenced by the genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. We observed significant negative correlation of Cell with CP and ADL which make wheat bran a suitable reinforcing industrial material. However surface treatment of bran fiber would make it even more efficient. These preliminary results indicate the potential use of wheat bran components as biocomposite, but further studies to elucidate more these finding are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hossain
- Mayville State University, Mayville, ND, USA
| | - C. Ulven
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - K. Glover
- Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - F. Ghavami
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - S. Simsek
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - M.S. Alamri
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Dept., College of Food and Agricultural Sciences; King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Kumar
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - M. Mergoum
- Dept. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Ohm JB, Simsek S, Mergoum M. Modeling of Dough Mixing Profile Under Thermal and Nonthermal Constraint for Evaluation of Breadmaking Quality of Hard Spring Wheat Flour. Cereal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-07-11-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Bom Ohm
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Hard Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, Fargo, ND. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
- Corresponding author. Phone: 701-239-1414. Fax: 701-239-1377. E-mail:
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Gurung S, Mamidi S, Bonman JM, Jackson EW, del Río LE, Acevedo M, Mergoum M, Adhikari TB. Identification of novel genomic regions associated with resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in spring wheat landraces using association analysis. Theor Appl Genet 2011; 123:1029-41. [PMID: 21744229 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a major foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Host plant resistance is the best strategy to manage this disease. Traditionally, bi-parental mapping populations have been used to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting tan spot resistance in wheat. The association mapping (AM) could be an alternative approach to identify QTL based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) within a diverse germplasm set. In this study, we assessed resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in 567 spring wheat landraces from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC). Using 832 diversity array technology (DArT) markers, QTL for resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 were identified. A linear model with principal components suggests that at least seven and three DArT markers were significantly associated with resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5, respectively. The DArT markers associated with resistance to race 1 were detected on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, and 7D and explained 1.3-3.1% of the phenotypic variance, while markers associated with resistance to race 5 were distributed on 2D, 6A and 7D, and explained 2.2-5.9% of the phenotypic variance. Some of the genomic regions identified in this study correspond to previously identified loci responsible for resistance to P. tritici-repentis, offering validation for our AM approach. Other regions identified were novel and could possess genes useful for resistance breeding. Some DArT markers associated with resistance to race 1 also were localized in the same regions of wheat chromosomes where QTL for resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, have been mapped previously. This study demonstrates that AM can be a useful approach to identify and map novel genomic regions involved in resistance to P. tritici-repentis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gurung
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 7660, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Simsek S, Whitney K, Ohm JB, Mergoum M. Refrigerated Dough Quality of Hard Red Spring Wheat: Effect of Genotype and Environment on Dough Syruping and Arabinoxylan Production. Cereal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-03-11-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 6050, Dept# 7670 Fargo, ND 58108-6050
- Corresponding author. Phone: 701-231-7737. Fax: 701-231-8474. E-mail:
| | - Kristin Whitney
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 6050, Dept# 7670 Fargo, ND 58108-6050
| | - Jae-Bom Ohm
- USDA-ARS Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, Harris Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - Mohamed Mergoum
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 6050, Dept# 7670 Fargo, ND 58108-6050
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Abstract
Refrigerated dough products use wheat flour as their primary ingredient, so the quality and chemical composition of the flour determine the quality of the final product. Six varieties of hard red spring wheat, grown in 3 locations in Minnesota, U.S.A., were evaluated for use in refrigerated dough products. Total arabinoxylan percentages in the flours ranged from 0.97 to 1.54. Xylanase activity of the flour was measured and ranged from 0.20 to 0.84 mU/g. An important factor in the suitability for refrigerated dough is the syruping during storage. A large amount of variability in dough syruping was observed among the varieties and locations when the extent of dough syruping was measured over a period of 10 d. The mean dough syruping on day 10 ranged from 2.05% to 14.83%. Despite the significant interaction effect of genotype and environment, 2 varieties, Glenn and Oklee, had lower dough syrup formation with greater stability across growing locations and storage days than other varieties. Practical Application: Refrigerated dough production is one of the fastest growing segments of the ready-to-use food industry. Well-formulated and processed refrigerated doughs are practical to consume and should stay fresh during extended periods of storage; thus, maintenance of dough quality during refrigeration is critical. This study was designed to perform the research on genotypic and environmental effects on variations in dough syruping during refrigeration storage of doughs from hard red spring wheats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Simsek
- North Dakota State Univ., Dept. of Plant Sciences, PO Box 6050, Dept# 7670 Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
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Underdahl JL, Mergoum M, Schatz B, Ransom JK. Quality Trait Variation in Major Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars Released in North Dakota Since 1968. Cereal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-85-4-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Underdahl
- Dept. Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - M. Mergoum
- Dept. Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
- Corresponding author. Phone: (701) 231-8478. Fax: (701) 231-8474. E-mail:
| | - B. Schatz
- NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center, Carrington, ND 58421
| | - J. K. Ransom
- Dept. Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
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Singh PK, Mergoum M, Ali S, Adhikari TB, Hughes GR. Genetic analysis of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Phytopathology 2008; 98:702-708. [PMID: 18944295 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-6-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tan spot of wheat, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a destructive disease worldwide that can lead to serious losses in quality and quantity of wheat grain production. Resistance to multiple races of P. tritici-repentis was identified in a wide range of genetically diverse genotypes, including three different species Triticum aestivum (AABBDD), T. spelta (AABBDD), and T. turgidum (AABB). The major objectives of this study were to determine the genetic control of resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in 12 newly identified sources of resistance. The parents, F(1), F(2), and F(2:3) or F(2:5) families of each cross were analyzed for the allelism tests and/or inheritance studies. Plants were inoculated at the two-leaf stage under controlled environmental conditions and disease reaction was assessed based on lesion-type rating scale. A single recessive gene controlled resistance to necrosis caused by P. tritici-repentis race 1 in both tetraploid and hexaploid resistant genotypes. The lack of segregation in the inter- and intra-specific crosses between the resistant tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes indicated that they possess the same genes for resistance to tan necrosis and chlorosis induced by P. tritici-repentis race 1. A single dominant gene for chlorosis in hexaploid wheat and a single recessive gene for necrosis in tetraploid wheat, controlled resistance to P. tritici-repentis race 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singh
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, USA
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Adhikari TB, Ali S, Burlakoti RR, Singh PK, Mergoum M, Goodwin SB. Genetic structure of Phaeosphaeria nodorum populations in the north-central and midwestern United States. Phytopathology 2008; 98:101-107. [PMID: 18943244 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-98-1-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch, caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum, is considered one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat in the United States. However, relatively little is known about the population biology of this fungus in the major wheat-growing regions of the central United States. To rectify this situation, 308 single-spore isolates of P. nodorum were analyzed from 12 populations, five from hard red spring wheat cultivars in Minnesota and North Dakota and seven from soft red winter wheat in Indiana and Ohio. The genetic structure of the sampled populations was determined by analyzing polymorphisms at five microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci and the mating type locus. Although a few clones were identified, most P. nodorum populations had high levels of gene (H(S) = 0.175 to 0.519) and genotype (D = 0.600 to 0.972) diversity. Gene diversity was higher among isolates collected from spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota and Minnesota (mean H(S) = 0.503) than in those from winter wheat cultivars in Indiana and Ohio (H(S) = 0.269). Analyses of clone-corrected data sets showed equal frequencies of both mating types in both regional and local populations, indicating that sexual recombination may occur regularly. However, significant gametic disequilibrium occurred in three of the four populations from North Dakota, and there was genetic differentiation both within and among locations. Genetic differentiation between the hard red spring and soft red winter wheat production regions was moderate (F(ST) = 0.168), but whether this is due to differences in wheat production or to geographical variation cannot be determined. These results suggest that sexual reproduction occurs in P. nodorum populations in the major wheat-growing regions of the central United States, and that geographically separated populations can be genetically differentiated, reflecting either restrictions on gene flow or selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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Mergoum M, Singh PK, Ali S, Elias EM, Anderson JA, Glover KD, Adhikari TB. Reaction of Elite Wheat Genotypes from the Northern Great Plains of North America to Septoria Diseases. Plant Dis 2007; 91:1310-1315. [PMID: 30780524 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-10-1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum, and Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola, are the main pathogens of the Septoria disease complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North America. This study was conducted to determine the disease reaction of 126 elite hard red spring, white, and durum wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines collected from the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada to SNB and STB. Seedlings of the 126 wheat genotypes were evaluated for resistance to SNB and STB under controlled environmental conditions. Moreover, these 126 wheat genotypes also were infiltrated with culture filtrate of P. nodorum isolate Sn2000. Based on disease reactions, three cultivars (McNeal, Dapps, and Oklee) and 12 advanced breeding lines (CA-901-580W, 97SO254-8-1, MN03291, MN03308, WA007925, MT0245, ND756, ND801, ND803, ND808, ND809, and ND811) adapted to the northern Great Plains were found to be resistant to both Septoria diseases and insensitive to the culture filtrate. Additionally, eight genetically diverse lines and cultivars, including two tetraploid wheat genotypes, were identified to be resistant to both Septoria diseases. These results suggest that the wheat genotypes contain a broad genetic base for resistance to the Septoria diseases in the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada, and the resistant sources identified in this study may be utilized in wheat-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology
| | - E M Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - K D Glover
- Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - T B Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University
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49
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Zhang G, Mergoum M. Molecular mapping of kernel shattering and its association with Fusarium head blight resistance in a Sumai3 derived population. Theor Appl Genet 2007; 115:757-66. [PMID: 17646963 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Kernel shattering (KS) can cause severe grain yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The introduction of genotypes with Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance has elevated the KS importance. 'Sumai3,' the most commonly used FHB-resistant germplasm worldwide, is reported to be KS susceptible. The objectives of this study were to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for KS and to determine the relationship between KS and FHB. A recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Sumai3 and 'Stoa' was evaluated for KS in five environments and FHB in two field trials, separately. Four genomic regions on chromosomes 2B, 3B, and 7A were associated with KS. Of them, two major KS QTLs were detected consistently over three environments and each located proximal to the centromere on chromosomes 3B and 7A. The resistant alleles at these two QTLs together can reduce KS by 66.1% relative to the reciprocal alleles and by 41.1% compared to the population mean. The field FHB data revealed four QTLs on chromosomes 2B, 3B, and 7A. Three of these FHB QTLs coincided with and/or linked to the KS QTLs with opposite allele effects in the corresponding genomic regions, which may explain the negative correlation (r = -0.29 and P < 0.01) between the KS and FHB infection found in this study. The results in this study indicate that KS and FHB in Sumai3 are, in part, inherited dependently. However, the correlation between KS and FHB is not strong, and the major FHB resistance QTL on chromosome arm 3BS was not linked to any KS QTL. Our results showed that pyramiding of the two major KS-resistant alleles and the unlinked major FHB-resistant allele could produce lines with both low values of KS and FHB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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Singh PK, Mergoum M, Ali S, Adhikari TB, Elias EM, Anderson JA, Glover KD, Berzonsky WA. Evaluation of Elite Wheat Germ Plasm for Resistance to Tan Spot. Plant Dis 2006; 90:1320-1325. [PMID: 30780939 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a serious foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in North America. Control of tan spot through management practices and fungicide application is possible; however, the use of resistant varieties is the most effective and economical means of controlling tan spot. This study was conducted to determine the disease reaction of 126 elite hard red spring, white, and durum wheat varieties and advanced breeding lines collected from the northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada to individual races/toxins of P. tritici-repentis. Seedling evaluation of the 126 genotypes was done under controlled environmental conditions with virulent races 2, 3, and 5 of P. tritici-repentis and toxins Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB. Based on disease reactions, two resistant varieties and two advanced breeding lines adapted to the northern Great Plains were found to be resistant to all the races and insensitive to the toxins tested. Additionally, six genetically diverse lines/varieties were identified to be resistant to tan spot; however, these sources may not be well adapted to the northern Great Plains. These results suggest that the wheat germ plasm contains a broad genetic base for resistance to the most prevalent races of P. tritici-repentis in North America, and the resistant sources identified in this study may be utilized in wheat breeding programs to develop tan spot resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, 166-Loftsgard Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - M Mergoum
- Department of Plant Sciences, 166-Loftsgard Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - S Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, 306-Walster Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - T B Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, 306-Walster Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - E M Elias
- Department of Plant Sciences, 166-Loftsgard Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, 411-Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - K D Glover
- Plant Science Department, NPB 247 Box 2140-C, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - W A Berzonsky
- Department of Plant Sciences, 166-Loftsgard Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
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