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Dashti M, Londono J, Ghasemi S, Khurshid Z, Khosraviani F, Moghaddasi N, Zafar MS, Hefzi D. Attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of dentists and dental students toward artificial intelligence: a systematic review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:327-337. [PMID: 38293587 PMCID: PMC10825554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This research was aimed at assessing comprehension, attitudes, and perspectives regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry. The null hypothesis was a lack of foundational understanding of AI in dentistry. Methods This systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in May 2023. The eligibility criteria included cross-sectional studies published in English until July 2023, focusing solely on dentists or dental students. Data on AI knowledge, use, and perceptions were extracted and assessed for bias risk with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results Of 408 publications, 22 relevant articles were identified, and 13 studies were included in the review. The average basic AI knowledge score was 58.62 % among dental students and 71.75 % among dentists. More dental students (72.01 %) than dentists (62.60 %) believed in AI's potential for advancing dentistry. Conclusions Thorough AI instruction in dental schools and continuing education programs for practitioners are urgently needed to maximize AI's potential benefits in dentistry. An integrated PhD program could drive revolutionary discoveries and improve patient care globally. Embracing AI with informed understanding and training will position dental professionals at the forefront of technological advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Dashti
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jimmy Londono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Board Certified Prosthodontist, FACP, Professor and Director of the Prosthodontics Residency Program and the Ronald Goldstein Center for Esthetics and Implant Dentistry, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shohreh Ghasemi
- MSc of Trauma and Craniofacial Reconstruction, Queen Mary College, London, UK
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Negar Moghaddasi
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Delband Hefzi
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Ullah R, Iqbal SK, Zafar MS. The urgency of cautious prescription for fluoride toothpaste: Recommendations for the stakeholders. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:133-135. [PMID: 38021218 PMCID: PMC10630108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Oral Biology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed K. Iqbal
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sarfaraz S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Use of artificial intelligence in medical education: A strength or an infirmity. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1553-1554. [PMID: 37701848 PMCID: PMC10494170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaur Sarfaraz
- Department of Medical Education, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, KSA
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kumar N, Rahman S, Khoso MH, Zafar MS. Bi-axial flexure testing method for dental composites requires standardization. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1384-1385. [PMID: 37332484 PMCID: PMC10275969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Rahman
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Khoso
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gazal G, Elmalky W, Zafar MS. Conduct dental care for uncontrolled diabetic patients during COVID-19 pandemic. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:997-998. [PMID: 36811086 PMCID: PMC9934004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giath Gazal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Wael Elmalky
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Corresponding address: Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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Zafar MS, Gatto F, Mancini G, Lauciello S, Pompa PP, Athanassiou A, Fragouli D. Biocomposite Cryogels for Photothermal Decontamination of Water. Langmuir 2023. [PMID: 37231662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An effective and sustainable approach to deal with the scarcity of freshwater is interfacial solar-driven evaporation. Nonetheless, some serious challenges for photothermal materials still need to be considered, such as long-term stability in harsh environments, eco-friendly materials, and cost-effective and simple fabrication processes. Keeping these points in mind, we present a multifunctional silver-coated vegetable waste biocomposite cryogel that not only exhibits high porosity and enhanced wettability and stability but also possesses high light absorption and low thermal conductivity favorable for heat localization, solar steam generation, and efficient photothermal conversion efficiency. The achieved solar evaporation rate is 1.17 kg m-2 h-1 with a solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 81.11% under 1 Sun irradiation. The developed material is able to effectively desalinate artificial seawater and decontaminate synthetic wastewater (e.g., water containing dye molecules and mercury ions) with an efficiency of >99%. Most importantly, the composite cryogel presents antifouling properties, and in particular, salt antifouling ability and anti-biofouling properties. Thus, the numerous functionalities of the biocomposite cryogel make it a cost-effective promising device for prolonged water decontamination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Zafar
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Gatto
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mancini
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Lauciello
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Pier P Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Despina Fragouli
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Kumar N, Zafar MS. Weibull statistics for strength evaluation of viscoelastic resin-based dental composites. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1099-1100. [PMID: 37009397 PMCID: PMC10050765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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8
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Gazal G, Zafar MS. A new cause of the adrenal crisis in dental and medical patients: Opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 18:427-428. [PMID: 36818183 PMCID: PMC9932560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giath Gazal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative, Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA,Corresponding address: Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, 41311, KSA.
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9
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Ullah R, Husain S, Zafar MS. Pandemic coerces the use of online resources for dental education. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:1083-1086. [PMID: 35784654 PMCID: PMC9232267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Patel V, Sadiq MS, Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Heboyan A. Effects of metformin on the bioactivity and osseointegration of dental implants: A systematic review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 18:196-206. [PMID: 36398019 PMCID: PMC9643507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are prosthetic devices that are surgically placed in direct contact with the jawbone to support intra-oral functions and esthetics. Diabetes mellitus may contribute to peri-implant bone loss. During the last few years, there have been attempts to reduce this bone loss and improve the survival rate of implants. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug known for its osteogenic properties, is thought to prevent peri-implant bone loss in diabetic patients. Although several studies have been conducted to study metformin's effect on diabetic and non-diabetic study models, no systematic review has analyzed and summarized these studies critically. Therefore, the objectives of this systematic review were to summarize the outcomes of these studies and critically appraise them. Seven studies were included in this systematic review. Four studies used only animal models, two used both animal and cell culture models, and one used only cell culture studies. The general characteristics and outcomes of the included studies were summarized, and Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines were used to assess the quality of the animal studies. In vitro studies indicate that metformin may induce stem cells to undergo osteoblastic differentiation to produce a higher amount of bone and may also improve osseointegration. Nevertheless, several studies had potential sources of bias. Therefore, it is recommended that emphasis be placed on increasing the quality of future animal studies and human trials to determine the effects of metformin on the osseointegration of dental implants. Future studies are needed with adequate follow-up to evaluate the efficacy of metformin in improving the osseointegration of dental implants.
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11
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Khurshid Z, Tariq R, Asiri FY, Abid K, Zafar MS. Literature search strategies in dental education and research. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 16:799-806. [PMID: 34899122 PMCID: PMC8626813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-organized literature search is a fundamental requirement for research-based dental education. The execution of a literature search is not beneficial unless researchers possess basic knowledge about it. In this article, all basic strategies and research tools essentially required for a literature search, including Boolean operators, correct use of keywords, database selection, and the evaluation of filtered data and limitations, are discussed. The present article offers vital information and literature search guidelines for early career dental researchers and dental students. In addition, it contains a collection of all the essential information related to the generally used electronic databases in dentistry research. This will be helpful for dental students, residents, consultants, and allied science researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
| | - Rabia Tariq
- Department of Research, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faris Y. Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
| | - Khadijah Abid
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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12
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Abdulbaqi HR, Shaikh MS, Abdulkareem AA, Zafar MS, Gul SS, Sha AM. Efficacy of erythritol powder air-polishing in active and supportive periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:62-74. [PMID: 34318577 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to analyse available evidence to answer two focused questions about the efficacy of erythritol powder air-polishing (EPAP) (i) as an adjunctive during active periodontal therapy (APT) and (ii) as an alternative to hand/ultrasonic instrumentation during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Additionally, microbiological outcomes and patient's comfort/perceptions were assessed as secondary outcomes. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane and Medline were searched for relevant articles published before February 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted by three independent reviewers, and the agreement was measured by Cohen's kappa score. Out of 1043 articles, eight randomized clinical trials were selected for systematic review and quantitative synthesis. Only periodontal parameters, such as clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP), showed homogeneity and, thus, were selected for meta-analysis. RESULTS The improvement in PPD and BoP scores after using EPAP was comparable with hand/ultrasonic instrumentation during both APT and SPT. Significant CAL gain was achieved with EPAP during APT (0.16 mm, p < 0.02) compared with hand/ultrasonic instrumentation at the end point, whereas non-significant CAL gain was achieved during SPT. No differences were observed regarding microbiological outcomes between the two treatment modalities. However, EPAP inflicted less pain and was better perceived by the patients. CONCLUSION Erythritol powder air-polishing can substitute hand/ultrasonic instrumentation for SPT, and CAL gain is significantly improved when EPAP is used as an adjunct during APT. For microbiological outcomes, no significant differences were observed between the two approaches; however, EPAP was better tolerated by the patients than hand/ultrasonic instrumentation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Erythritol powder air-polishing can be used as an adjunct during APT and as an alternative to conventional mechanical debridement during SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder R Abdulbaqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarhang S Gul
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Aram M Sha
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.,Smart Health Tower, Sulaimani, Iraq
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Ali S, Sangi L, Kumar N, Kumar B, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Evaluating antibacterial and surface mechanical properties of chitosan modified dental resin composites. Technol Health Care 2021; 28:165-173. [PMID: 31594266 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibacterial properties are beneficial and desired for dental restorative composite materials. The incorporation of various antimicrobial agents into resin composites may compromise their physical and mechanical properties hence limiting their applications. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and the hardness of microhybrid and flowable resin based composites (RBCs) modified using novel antimicrobial agent chitosan (CS). METHODS The antibacterial activity of microhybrid and flowable RBCs modified with 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/w chitosan (CS) against Actinomyces viscous bacteria was explored using agar diffusion test and direct contact methods. The hardness of control and experimental RBCs was determined by Vickers hardness (VH) tester. RESULTS The results revealed that control and experimental flowable and microhybrid RBCs did not demonstrate growth inhibition zone in the lawn growth of Actinomyces viscous. The direct contact test revealed that colony forming unit (CFU) count of Actinomyces viscous was comparable among the experimental and control materials. The flowable RBCs containing 1% CS had significantly higher VH compared to control and other experimental flowable RBC groups. The microhybrid RBCs consisting of 0.50% CS exhibited significantly higher VH compared to experimental microhybrid RBC group containing 1% CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Laila Sangi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Material, RIPHAH International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shaikh MS, Husain S, Lone MA, Lone MA, Akhlaq H, Zafar MS. Clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide grafts for regeneration of periodontal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Regen Med 2020; 15:2379-2395. [PMID: 33356535 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To ascertain clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide (ABM/P-15) for regeneration of periodontal defects. Materials & methods: Electronic databases (National Library of Medicine [Medline by PubMed], Cochrane Library [Wiley], CINAHL [EBSCO] and Medline [EBSCO]) were systematically searched up to December 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing ABM/P-15 grafts to conventional surgery for intrabony and gingival recession defects were included and evaluated intrabony defects including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth and gingival recession. Results: A significant gain in CAL (1.37 mm), and reduction in probing depth (1.22 mm) were shown by ABM/P-15 grafts than open flap debridement (p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis also showed better results for ABM/P-15 grafts in CAL gain for intrabony defects. For furcation and gingival recession defects, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: The adjunct use of ABM/P-15 grafts in conventional periodontal surgery is useful for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Shehriar Husain
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Mohid A Lone
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb A Lone
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Humera Akhlaq
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawwarra, 41311, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Hamid H, Khurshid Z, Adanir N, Zafar MS, Zohaib S. COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:S123-S129. [PMID: 32492721 PMCID: PMC7775213 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has termed as a controllable pandemic, and the entire world has come to a standstill trying to mitigate the disease with health systems. Health care providers, around the globe, are fighting day and night. Currently, rapid testing is taking place with the help of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, urine, and blood. All these approaches are invasive or embarrassing to the infected person. It is observed that salivary glands are hosting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the detection of high viral loads in the saliva and is playing a crucial role in virus transmission, especially from individuals showing absolutely no symptoms. Saliva is proving to be a promising noninvasive sample specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19, thus helping to monitor the infection and prevent it from further spreading by prompt isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamid
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Necdet Adanir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina Munawara, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Azim AA, Shabbir J, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Ghabbani HM, Dummer PMH. Clinical endodontic management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review and clinical recommendations. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1461-1471. [PMID: 32916755 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Despite all efforts to contain the spread of the disease, the number of infections and deaths continue to rise, particularly in some regions. Given its presence in the salivary secretions of affected patients, and the presence of many reported asymptomatic cases that have tested positive for COVID-19, dental professionals, including Endodontists, are at high risk of becoming infected if they do not take appropriate precautions. As of today, there are no predictable treatments or approved vaccines that can protect the public and healthcare professionals from the virus; however, there is speculation that a vaccine might be available sometime in 2021. Until then, general dentists and Endodontist will need to be able to treat emergency patients in order to relieve pressure on emergency clinics in hospitals or local community hubs. In addition, as the pandemic continues, strategies to manage patients will need to evolve from a palliative to a more permanent/definitive treatment approach. In this article, an update on the treatment considerations for dental care in general is provided, as well as a discussion on the available endodontic guidelines reported in the literature. Recommendations on clinical management of endodontic emergencies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Azim
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Shabbir
- Operative Dentistry Department, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Z Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadina Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadina Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - P M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Najeeb S, Al-Quraini AAA, Almusallam HAA, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Effect of laser treatment on outcomes of tooth replantation - A systematic review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:169-176. [PMID: 32647510 PMCID: PMC7336027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Over the last few years, several studies have investigated the effect of laser treatment on the replantation of avulsed teeth. We conducted this study to systematically analyse and assess the outcomes and quality of these studies. Methods Using the keywords ‘laser’, ‘tooth’, and ‘replantation’, two investigators conducted an electronic search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar databases. Any studies not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded. The focused question was ‘Does laser treatment influence the outcomes of tooth replantation?’ Results Nine studies were included and assessed in this review. In the majority of the selected studies, laser treatment had a positive outcome on preventing root resorption and in promoting periodontal regeneration. However, only three studies were given a quality score of ‘medium’, while six were marked as ‘low’. Conclusion Laser irradiation may reduce root resorption and favour periodontal regeneration following replantation of the avulsed tooth. However, more well-designed long-term animal and human studies are needed before lasers can be used clinically to improve the outcomes for replanted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | | | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
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Abstract
The field of diagnostics using invasive blood testing represents the majority of diagnostic tests used as part of routine health monitoring. The relatively recent introduction of salivary diagnostics has lead to a major paradigm shift in diagnostic analyses. Additionally, in this era of big data, oral fluid testing has shown promising outcomes in a number of fields, particularly the areas of genomics, microbiomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Despite the analytical challenges involved in the interpretation of large datasets generated from biochemical studies involving bodily fluids, including saliva, many studies have identified novel oral biomarkers for diagnosing oral and systemic diseases. In this regard, oral biofluids, including saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), dentinal tubular fluid (DTF), are now attracting increasing attention due to their important attributes, such as noninvasive sampling, easy handling, low cost, and more accurate diagnosis of oral diseases. Recently, the utilization of salivary diagnostics to evaluate systemic diseases and monitor general health has increased in popularity among clinicians. Saliva contains a wide range of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers, which assist in the diagnosis of multiple diseases and conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), auto-immune and degenerative diseases, respiratory infections, oral diseases, and microbial (viral, bacterial and fungal) diseases. Moreover, due to its noninvasive nature and ease-of-adoption by children, it is now being used in mass screening programs, oral health-related studies and clinical trials in support of the development of therapeutic agents. The recent advent of highly sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, mass spectrometry, highly sensitives ELISAs, and homogeneous immunoassays, suggests that even small quantities of salivary biomarkers are able to be assayed accurately, providing opportunities for the development of many future diagnostic applications (including emerging technologies, such as point-of-care and rapid molecular technologies). The present article explores the omics and biochemical compositions of various oral biofluids with important value in diagnostics and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Warsi
- Masters in Medical Science and Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syed F Moin
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Paul D Slowey
- Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Shaikh MS, Ullah R, Lone MA, Matabdin H, Khan F, Zafar MS. Periodontal regeneration: a bibliometric analysis of the most influential studies. Regen Med 2020; 14:1121-1136. [PMID: 31957597 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study is to identify the most influential research articles and their main characteristics in the specialty of periodontal regeneration. Materials & methods: The Web of Science database advance search was performed in the subject category of 'Dentistry, Oral surgery and medicine' from January 2004 to October 2018 to retrieve citations data. Results: The majority of the articles were published in journals dedicated to the specialty of periodontology. Among the top-cited articles most emphasized study types were randomized control trials (n = 25) and reviews (n = 20). Conclusion: The present bibliometric analysis provides comprehensive information regarding the contributions made in the advancement of regenerative periodontal research. The authors from developed countries and affiliated with interdisciplinary/multicenter institutions have predominantly contributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohid A Lone
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hesham Matabdin
- Department of Periodontics, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fahad Khan
- Faculty of Healthcare & Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge, UK
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarra, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sohaib M, Zafar MS, Arshad MS, Nauman K, Malhi IY. Evaluation of Quality and Safety Attributes of Slaughtered Versus Dead Chicken Birds Meat. Braz J Poult Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sohaib
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - MS Zafar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - MS Arshad
- Government College University, Pakistan
| | - K Nauman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - IY Malhi
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Deeb MA, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Zafar MS, Hussain M. Assessment of factors influencing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with removable dental prosthesis. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:213-218. [PMID: 32063962 PMCID: PMC6994890 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.2.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using removable dental prosthesis. METHODS The present study employed a cross sectional analytical design. A total of 200 patients participated and interviewed using a cross sectional analytical design. In the first section of the questionnaire patients were asked about demographic data whereas the second part of the questionnaire assessed medical history, oral habits, smoking status, oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visit. The questionnaire also collected information regarding patient's removable prosthesis. Questionnaire of OHIP-DENT (Oral Health Impact Profile) was also employed to measure oral health quality of life (OHRQoL) on the domains of functional limitation (FL), physical pain (P1), psychological discomfort (P2), physical disability (D1), psychological disability (D2), social disability (D3) and handicap (H). Relationships between the demographic, socio-economic and education variables and others OHIP-EDENT scores were explored by comparing mean scores by applying ANOVA. RESULTS The study participants comprised of 107 males (53.5%) and 93 females (46.5%). Regarding oral care, participants reporting to visit their dentist within one year were 40.0%. The highest score was recorded for the functional limitation (FL) domain (15.62±6.6), followed by social disability (D3) (15.23±5.06) and physical pain (P1) (14.28±4.8). The respective scores for physical (D1) and psychological disability (D2) and handicap (H) were 10.47±4.84, 11.32±5.38 and 12.45±4.50 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Removable partial denture patients showed minimum problems with mastication, social compromise and functional discomfort. The oral health quality of life of removable denture patients is significantly influenced by patient education level, socio-economic status, medical conditions, smoking and tobacco use habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modhi Al Deeb
- Modhi Al Deeb, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Tariq Abduljabbar, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Fahim Vohra, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Muhammad S. Zafar, Dept. of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawara, 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassir Hussain
- Mudassir Hussain, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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22
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Assiry AA, Albalawi AM, Zafar MS, Khan SD, Ullah A, Almatrafi A, Ramzan K, Basit S. KMT2C, a histone methyltransferase, is mutated in a family segregating non-syndromic primary failure of tooth eruption. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16469. [PMID: 31712638 PMCID: PMC6848163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary failure of tooth eruption (PFE) is a rare odontogenic defect and is characterized by failure of eruption of one or more permanent teeth. The aim of the study is to identify the genetic defect in a family with seven affected individuals segregating autosomal dominant non-syndromic PFE. Whole genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed. SNP genotypes were analysed by DominantMapper and multiple shared haplotypes were detected on different chromosomes. Four individuals, including three affected, were exome sequenced. Variants were annotated and data were analysed while considering candidate chromosomal regions. Initial analysis of variants obtained by whole exome sequencing identified damaging variants in C15orf40, EPB41L4A, TMEM232, KMT2C, and FBXW10 genes. Sanger sequencing of all family members confirmed segregation of splice acceptor site variant (c.1013-2 A > G) in the KMT2C gene with the phenotype. KMT2C is considered as a potential candidate gene based on segregation analysis, the absence of variant in the variation databases, the presence of variant in the shared identical by descent (IBD) region and in silico pathogenicity prediction. KMT2C is a histone methyltransferase and recently the role of another member of this family (KMT2D) has been implicated in tooth development. Moreover, protein structures of KMT2C and KMT2D are highly similar. In conclusion, we have identified that the KMT2C gene mutation causes familial non-syndromic PFE. These findings suggest the involvement of KMT2C in the physiological eruption of permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Assiry
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Siraj D Khan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anhar Ullah
- Cardiac Sciences department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almatrafi
- College of Science, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
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Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Naseem M, Khan RS, Najeeb S. Human Oral Defensins Antimicrobial Peptides: A Future Promising Antimicrobial Drug. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:1130-1137. [PMID: 29611481 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666180403114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nature and structural composition of antimicrobial peptides are derived from their innate immune response and they are active against various bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. The aim of this paper was to pool up the literature on the features of human oral defensins antimicrobial peptides. The defensins showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and various fungi and viruses. As with their other properties like antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial, human defensins peptides are thought to have a unique amino acid-based structure with Disulphide Bridge which makes them synthesize chemically or naturally with the help of these bacteria. The data contributing in this study was gathered from the research papers published in English language in the last twenty-five years. This literature mainly elaborates the general and analytical characteristics of antimicrobial peptides in the human oral cavity; focusing on the types, biochemistry, and mechanism of action of defensins with its clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarra, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar-Al- Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abdallah MN, Ali MS, Ali S, Almassi S, Alnazzawi AA, Alrahabi M, Alwadaani A, Amaral M, Amin F, Anderson P, Anil S, Catelan A, Chalisserry EP, Dhillon AS, Dorozhkin SV, Duminis T, Ehsaneh DA, El-Banna A, Fareed MA, Farhadi Shamsabadi A, Farooq I, Fawzy AS, Firouzmanesh P, Ghabbani H, Ghalami S, Glogauer M, Grynpas M, Hamdan N, Hancox Z, Haque N, Hill RG, Huang WT, Husain S, Jafari SH, Kano B, Khan AS, Khan E, Khurshid Z, Lou T, Mali M, Matinlinna JP, Min KS, Mozafari M, Najeeb S, Nam SY, Nasim HMO, Nejatian T, Pacheco RR, Peiman BM, Pezeshki S, Qamar Z, Retrouvey JM, Rezaei S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Rosa V, Roshandel M, Saeb MR, Sefat F, Shahid S, Sheikh Z, Sherief D, Suri S, Syed AUY, Talal A, Tanveer W, Tsoi JK, Ullah R, Varley D, Vasudeva G, Venkatesan J, Vitti RP, Yaqin SAU, Yousaf S, Youseffi M, Zafar MS, Zafar MS, Zarrintaj P. List of contributors. Advanced Dental Biomaterials 2019:xxi-xxvi. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102476-8.00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
Oral cancers are the sixth most frequent cancer with a high mortality rate. Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. Standard methods used to detect oral cancers remain comprehensive clinical examination, expensive biochemical investigations, and invasive biopsy. The identification of biomarkers from biological fluids (blood, urine, saliva) has the potential of early diagnosis. The use of saliva for early cancer detection in the search for new clinical markers is a promising approach because of its noninvasive sampling and easy collection methods. Human whole-mouth saliva contains proteins, peptides, electrolytes, organic, and inorganic salts secreted by salivary glands and complimentary contributions from gingival crevicular fluids and mucosal transudates. This diagnostic modality in the field of molecular biology has led to the discovery and potential of salivary biomarkers for the detection of oral cancers. Biomarkers are the molecular signatures and indicators of normal biological, pathological process, and pharmacological response to treatment hence may provide useful information for detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of the disease. Saliva's direct contact with oral cancer lesions makes it more specific and potentially sensitive screening tool, whereas more than 100 salivary biomarkers (DNA, RNA, mRNA, protein markers) have already been identified, including cytokines (IL-8, IL-1b, TNF-α), defensin-1, P53, Cyfra 21-1, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen, dual specificity phosphatase, spermidine/spermineN1-acetyltransferase , profilin, cofilin-1, transferrin, and many more. However, further research is still required for the reliability and validation of salivary biomarkers for clinical applications. This chapter provides the latest up-to-date list of known and emerging potential salivary biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral premalignant and cancerous lesions and monitoring of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia S Khan
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul D Slowey
- Oasis Diagnostics Corporation, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Ihtesham U Rehman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Alrahabi M, Zafar MS. Assessment of apical transportation caused by nickel-titanium rotary systems with full rotation and reciprocating movements using extracted teeth and resin blocks with simulated root canals: A comparative study. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:772-777. [PMID: 29888726 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_200_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives : We compared apical transportation in the WaveOne and ProTaper Next systems, which are rotary nickel-titanium systems with reciprocating and continuous rotation movements, respectively, using manual measurements obtained from resin blocks with simulated root canals and double digital radiographs of extracted teeth. Materials and Methods : We used 30 resin blocks with simulated root canals and 30 extracted teeth for this study. The same endodontist performed root canal shaping using the WaveOne or ProTaper Next system. We assessed apical transportation by measuring the amounts (in mm) of material lost 1 mm from the apical foramen in the resin blocks and by using double digital radiography for the extracted teeth. Significant differences between groups were assessed using t-tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results : The amount of apical transportation differed significantly between the two systems when resin blocks were used for assessment (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences when extracted teeth were used (P < 0.05). Conclusions In the current study, there was no significant difference in apical transportation between natural teeth prepared using WaveOne and those prepared using ProTaper Next. However, significant differences were observed between the two systems with resin blocks. These findings indicate that the use of resin blocks is not an accurate method for apical transportation evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alrahabi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the preferences of general dental practitioners (GDPs) and endodontists in using endodontic intra-canal medications (ICMs). Methods: This observational and descriptive study was conducted in 2014 in the western province of Saudi Arabia. Following ethical clearance and 2 pilot studies, a web-based questionnaire was electronically sent to 375 randomly and systematically selected GDPs and all endodontists in the western province (n=49). An accompanying e-mail explained the study’s aims and confirmed that the data yielded would remain confidential. The responses were collected, and the data was analyzed using the Chi-square test at p=0.05. Results: Significantly, the highest proportion of respondents (53.7%) reported disinfection of the root canals as the main function of ICMs. Calcium hydroxide (CH) was the preferred material of the majority of those who used the same ICM in all cases (85.7%). While the vast majority of all endodontists (87.5%) used CH after pulp extirpation, 48.5% of GDPs used formocresol (p<0.001). Almost 30% of those who used ICMs after pulp extirpation did not do so after cleaning and shaping of vital cases. Most endodontists used CH (62.5%) and antibiotics (37.5%) in necrotic pulp cases without apical lesions, which were significantly greater than those of GDPs who did the same (43.8% and 17.2%). Conclusions: Participants were aware that the main function of ICMs is disinfection of the root canal system. However, it is clear that GDPs should reduce their reliance on phenol- and formaldehyde-based medications. There was a distinct trend toward the use of ICMs, especially CH, in necrotic pulp cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Madarati
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Qasim SB, Zafar MS, Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Shah AH, Husain S, Rehman IU. Electrospinning of Chitosan-Based Solutions for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E407. [PMID: 29385727 PMCID: PMC5855629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning has been used for decades to generate nano-fibres via an electrically charged jet of polymer solution. This process is established on a spinning technique, using electrostatic forces to produce fine fibres from polymer solutions. Amongst, the electrospinning of available biopolymers (silk, cellulose, collagen, gelatine and hyaluronic acid), chitosan (CH) has shown a favourable outcome for tissue regeneration applications. The aim of the current review is to assess the current literature about electrospinning chitosan and its composite formulations for creating fibres in combination with other natural polymers to be employed in tissue engineering. In addition, various polymers blended with chitosan for electrospinning have been discussed in terms of their potential biomedical applications. The review shows that evidence exists in support of the favourable properties and biocompatibility of chitosan electrospun composite biomaterials for a range of applications. However, further research and in vivo studies are required to translate these materials from the laboratory to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad B Qasim
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, P.O. Box 45142, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh 361724, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Altaf H Shah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 11512, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shehriar Husain
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75110, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
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Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Zafar MS, Najeeb S, Zohaib S. Propolis: A natural biomaterial for dental and oral healthcare. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 11:265-274. [PMID: 29354255 PMCID: PMC5768961 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2017.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of health has always emphasised on the use of natural products for curing diseases. There are varieties of natural products (such as silk, herbal tea, chitosan) used today in the biomedical application in treating a large array of systemic diseases. The natural product "Propolis" is a non-toxic resinous material having beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory; hence gain the attention of researchers for its potential for bio-dental applications. The study aims to explore the properties and chemistry of propolis concerning biomedical and dental applications. In addition, status and scope of propolis for current and potential future in bio-dental applications have been discussed. This review gives an insight to the reader about the possible use of propolis in modern-day dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry,King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Preventive dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar-Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Adjunct Faculty, Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Private Dental Practitioner, Restorative Dental Sciences, Canada
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Hasan SM, Khan RS. Bisphosphonate releasing dental implant surface coatings and osseointegration: A systematic review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:369-375. [PMID: 31435266 PMCID: PMC6694927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a class of drugs that are used to treat osteoporosis. It has been suggested that BP coatings on dental implants have a positive effect on new bone formation. The purpose of this review is to analyse the currently available data concerning the clinical and experimental efficacy of BP-releasing titanium implants such that their potential in clinical oral implant dentistry may be ascertained. METHODS Based on a literature review, a focused research question was constructed: what is the effect of a BP-releasing coating on the osseointegration of titanium dental implant? The databases of PubMED/MEDLINE; ISI Web of Knowledge; Embase and Google Scholar were searched electronically using the keywords 'dental implant'; 'bisphosphonate' and 'titanium.' The quality; general characteristics and outcomes of each study were summarized and analysed systematically. RESULTS A total of eleven articles fulfilled the criteria to be included in this review. Eight studies were experimental; two studies were clinical; and one study was experimental and clinical. In nine studies (82%), BP-coated implants resulted in higher osseointegration, as indicated by higher resonance frequency values, removal torque, bone-implant contact and new bone formation. In two studies (18%), there was no difference between the osseointegration of BP-coated implants and controls. CONCLUSIONS Bisphosphonates-loaded implants may have a positive effect on osseointegration. However, more well-designed clinical studies are required to demonstrate their osseoconductive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Al Khaleej, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, KSA
| | - Syed M. Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia S. Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Albuja AC, Qaiser S, Lightner DD, Raslau FD, Zafar MS, Bernard PA, Baumann RJ. Surfer's myelopathy without surfing: a report of two pediatric patients. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2017; 3:17008. [PMID: 28382219 DOI: 10.1038/scsandc.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surfer's myelopathy (SM) is a rare disorder described in subjects presenting with acute paraparesis while learning how to surf. It is thought to be secondary to spinal ischemia triggered by hyperextension. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows changes consistent with spinal cord ischemia on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). CASE PRESENTATION We report two patients who presented with acute onset paraplegia shortly after spinal hyperextension. They had no physical or radiological evidence of soft tissue injury. Their clinical and imaging findings closely resemble those described in SM. DISCUSSION We propose the use of the term 'acute hyperextension myelopathy' to categorize patients with spinal cord infarction secondary to hyperextension. DWI sequencing on MRI should be considered to evaluate for early signs of spinal cord ischemia in these patients. Use of a broader term for diagnostic classification can help include patients with spinal cord infarction due to a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Albuja
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sharoon Qaiser
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donita D Lightner
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Flavius D Raslau
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Philip A Bernard
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA
| | - Robert J Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
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Zafar MS, Fareed WM, Taymour N, Khurshid Z, Khan AH. Self-reported frequency of temporomandibular disorders among undergraduate students at Taibah University. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:517-522. [PMID: 31435288 PMCID: PMC6695044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders among undergraduate students. In addition, the severity of TMD was examined in terms of its relationship with gender, age and field of study. Methods A total of 439 undergraduate students of both genders (age range: 20–27 years) who were studying at various colleges at Taibah University were invited to participate in this study. Each student was provided with a questionnaire, and the significance and purpose of the study were explained. The data were collected using Fonseca's questionnaire, an instrument that assessed the demographic characteristics of the students and included ten key questions. The severity of TMD was categorized as no, mild, moderate or severe. The data were analysed using SPSS Version 22 (IBM, Illinois, USA). The chi-square test was used to compare the data from different groups and to determine whether the differences were statistically significant. Results Of those who were invited, 78 students did not return the questionnaires, whereas another 11 were excluded due to their submitting an incomplete questionnaire. A majority of the students reported no TMD (46.7%) or mild TMD (42.7%). A moderate level of TMD was reported by 8.8% of students. Only 1.7% of students reported severe TMD. No significant differences were observed in the severity of TMD in terms of student age or field of study. Conclusion TMD is more prevalent among female students than male students. However, its occurrence is not affected by the age and field of study of the student.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
- Corresponding address: Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 2898, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA.
| | - Wamiq M. Fareed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Naveen Taymour
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, KSA
| | - Ali H. Khan
- Department of Research Ethics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F. Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics. J Prosthodont Res 2016; 60:12-9. [PMID: 26520679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymer that has many potential uses in dentistry. The aim of this review was to summarize the outcome of research conducted on the material for dental applications. In addition, future prospects of PEEK in the field of clinical dentistry have been highlighted. STUDY SELECTION An electronic search was carried out via the PubMed (Medline) database using keywords 'polyetheretherketone', 'dental' and 'dentistry' in combination. Original research papers published in English language in last fifteen year were considered. The studies relevant to our review were critically analyzed and summarized. RESULTS PEEK has been explored for a number of applications for clinical dentistry. For example, PEEK dental implants have exhibited lesser stress shielding compared to titanium dental implants due to closer match of mechanical properties of PEEK and bone. PEEK is a promising material for a number of removable and fixed prosthesis. Furthermore, recent studies have focused improving the bioactivity of PEEK implants at the nanoscale. CONCLUSION Considering mechanical and physical properties similar to bone, PEEK can be used in many areas of dentistry. Improving the bioactivity of PEEK dental implants without compromising their mechanical properties is a major challenge. Further modifications and improving the material properties may increase its applications in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Siddiqui
- Division of Oral Health & Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Rizvi A, Zafar MS, Al-Wasifi Y, Fareed W, Khurshid Z. Role of enamel deminerlization and remineralization on microtensile bond strength of resin composite. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:376-380. [PMID: 27403057 PMCID: PMC4926592 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.184167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study is aimed to establish the microtensile bond strength of enamel following exposure to an aerated drink at various time intervals with/without application of remineralization agent. In addition, degree of remineralization and demineralization of tooth enamel has been assessed using polarized light microscopy. Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted human incisors split into two halves were immersed in aerated beverage (cola drink) for 5 min and stored in saliva until the time of microtensile bond testing. Prepared specimens were divided randomly into two study groups; remineralizing group (n = 70): specimens were treated for remineralization using casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) remineralization agent (Recaldent™; GC Europe) and control group (n = 70): no remineralization treatment; specimens were kept in artificial saliva. All specimens were tested for microtensile bond strength at regular intervals (1 h, 1 days, 2 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks) using a universal testing machine. The results statistically analyzed (P = 0.05) using two-way ANOVA test. Results: Results showed statistically significant increase in bond strength in CPP-ACP tested group (P < 0.05) at all-time intervals. The bond strength of remineralizing group samples at 2 days (~13.64 megapascals [MPa]) is comparable to that of control group after 1 week (~12.44 MPa). Conclusions: CPP-ACP treatment of teeth exposed to an aerated drink provided significant increase in bond strength at a shorter interval compared to teeth exposed to saliva alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rizvi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Al-Wasifi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wamiq Fareed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Hafuf, Saudi Arabia
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Gazal G, Tola AW, Fareed WM, Alnazzawi AA, Zafar MS. A randomized control trial comparing the visual and verbal communication methods for reducing fear and anxiety during tooth extraction. Saudi Dent J 2016; 28:80-5. [PMID: 27486293 PMCID: PMC4957266 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the value of using the visual information for reducing the level of dental fear and anxiety in patients undergoing teeth extraction under LA. METHODS A total of 64 patients were indiscriminately allotted to solitary of the study groups following reading the information sheet and signing the formal consent. If patient was in the control group, only verbal information and routine warnings were provided. If patient was in the study group, tooth extraction video was showed. The level of dental fear and anxiety was detailed by the patients on customary 100 mm visual analog scales (VAS), with "no dental fear and anxiety" (0 mm) and "severe dental distress and unease" (100 mm). Evaluation of dental apprehension and fretfulness was made pre-operatively, following visual/verbal information and post-extraction. RESULTS There was a substantial variance among the mean dental fear and anxiety scores for both groups post-extraction (p-value < 0.05). Patients in tooth extraction video group were more comfortable after dental extraction than verbal information and routine warning group. For tooth extraction video group there were major decreases in dental distress and anxiety scores between the pre-operative and either post video information scores or postoperative scores (p-values < 0.05). Younger patients recorded higher dental fear and anxiety scores than older ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dental fear and anxiety associated with dental extractions under local anesthesia can be reduced by showing a tooth extraction video to the patients preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giath Gazal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed W Tola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wamiq M Fareed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alnazzawi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, Naseem M. Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis): Chemistry and Oral Health. Open Dent J 2016; 10:166-73. [PMID: 27386001 PMCID: PMC4911733 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is a widely consumed beverage worldwide. Numerous studies have suggested about the beneficial effects of green tea on oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and halitosis. However, to date there have not been many review articles published that focus on beneficial effects of green tea on oral disease. The aim of this publication is to summarize the research conducted on the effects of green tea on oral cavity. Green tea might help reduce the bacterial activity in the oral cavity that in turn, can reduce the aforementioned oral afflictions. Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of the tea may reduce the chances of oral cancer. However, more clinical data is required to ascertain the possible benefits of green tea consumption on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hafuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University College of Dentistry, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Niazi F, Naseem M, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Almas K. Role of Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak): A natural toothbrush for holistic oral health. Eur J Dent 2016; 10:301-308. [PMID: 27095914 PMCID: PMC4813453 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.178297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From an ancient tool to a modern way of improving oral health, miswak (chewing stick) has proven to be an effective tool for oral health. The miswak removes the bacterial plaque by mechanical and chemical actions. It provides a cheap and easily accessible way of improving oral health of the individuals and populations. The use of miswak was promoted centuries ago by Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). In the modern era, the beneficial role of using miswak such as antiseptic, antimicrobial, anticariogenic and analgesic effects have been proven scientifically. This article reviews the various oral health benefits of miswak in the light of religious, scientific and social evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Niazi
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Almas
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Pain control during the dental procedure is essentials and challenging. A complete efficacious pulp anesthesia has not been attained yet. The regional anesthesia such as inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) only does not guarantee the effective anesthesia with patients suffering from irreversible pulpitis. This main aim of this review was to discuss various aspects of intraseptal dental anesthesia and its role significance in pain-free treatment in the dental office. In addition, reasons of failure and limitations of this technique have been highlighted. Literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published in English language in last 30 years. Search words such as dental anesthesia, pain control, intraseptal, and nerve block were entered using a web of knowledge and Google scholar databases. Various dental local anesthesia techniques were reviewed. A combination of block anesthesia, buccal infiltration and intraligamentary injection resulted in deep anesthesia (P = 0.003), and higher success rate compared to IANB. For pain-free management of conditions such as irreversible pulpitis, buccal infiltration (4% articaine), and intraosseous injection (2% lidocaine) are better than intraligamentary and IANB injections. Similarly, nerve block is not always effective for pain-free root canal treatment hence, needing supplemental anesthesia. Intraseptal anesthesia is an efficient and effective technique that can be used in maxillary and mandibular adult dentition. This technique is also beneficial when used in conjunction to the regional block or local dental anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gazal
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - W M Fareed
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Qasim S, Ramakrishnaiah R, Alkheriaf AA, Zafar MS. Influence of various bleaching regimes on surface roughness of resin composite and ceramic dental biomaterials. Technol Health Care 2015; 24:153-61. [PMID: 26484886 DOI: 10.3233/thc-151101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleaching agents are commonly used in dentistry for treating the discolored teeth. A number of biomaterials and methods are in clinical applications. OBJECTIVE The major aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different bleaching agents on the surface roughness properties of dental resin nanocomposites and dental porcelains using various regimes. METHODS This study was conducted using direct restorative hybrid and nanocomposite materials and dental porcelains. The specimens were treated using the bleaching gels [(Opalescence Boost 40% OP) and (Whiteness HP 35% WHP)] for 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes respectively. Treated samples were analyzed for surface roughness properties using contact mode surface profilometry and surface topography using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data was analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS There were no significant changes observed in the roughness of nanofill, nanohybrid composites and ceramic materials compared to microhybrid resin composites (p> 0.05). The SEM photomicrographs confirmed the results of the profilometer showing slight changes in the microhybrid resin composite. CONCLUSIONS No remarkable difference was observed between the bleaching agents (Opalescence Boost and Whiteness HP Blue) for the surface roughness of tested dental materials. The bleaching agents can be used without harming the ceramic, nanofilled or nanohybrid resin restorations. However, if microhybrid or microfilled composite restorations are present in the oral cavity, bleaching may damage the surface finish and requiring replacement of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Qasim
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Bombyx mori (BM) silk fibroin is composed of two different subunits: heavy chain and light chain fibroin linked by a covalent disulfide bond. Current methods of separating the two silk fractions is complicated and produces inadequate quantities of the isolated components for the study of the individual light and heavy chain silks with respect to new materials. We report a simple method of separating silk fractions using formic acid. The formic acid treatment partially releases predominately the light chain fragment (soluble fraction) and then the soluble fraction and insoluble fractions can be converted into new materials. The regenerated original (total) silk fibroin and the separated fractions (soluble vs insoluble) had different molecular weights and showed distinctive pH stabilities against aggregation/precipitation based on particle charging. All silk fractions could be electrospun to give fiber mats with viscosity of the regenerated fractions being the controlling factor for successful electrospinning. The silk fractions could be mixed to give blends with different proportions of the two fractions to modify the diameter and uniformity of the electrospun fibers formed. The soluble fraction containing the light chain was able to modify the viscosity by thinning the insoluble fraction containing heavy chain fragments, perhaps analogous to its role in natural fiber formation where the light chain provides increased mobility and the heavy chain producing shear thickening effects. The simplicity of this new separation method should enable access to these different silk protein fractions and accelerate the identification of methods, modifications, and potential applications of these materials in biomedical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Zafar
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS United Kingdom
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Taibah University P.O. Box. 2898, Al Madina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - David J. Belton
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hanby
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS United Kingdom
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States of America
| | - Carole C. Perry
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS United Kingdom
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Gazal G, Fareed WM, Zafar MS. Effectiveness of gaseous and intravenous inductions on children's anxiety and distress during extraction of teeth under general anesthesia. Saudi J Anaesth 2015; 9:33-6. [PMID: 25558196 PMCID: PMC4279347 DOI: 10.4103/1658-354x.146282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Anxiety and distress regarding dental treatment is a major issue for dental patients and can be exaggerated in pediatric dental patients. Aims: The aim was to investigate how different methods of induction for general anesthesia affect children's distress for dental procedures such as extraction of teeth. Subjects and Methods: This was an observational clinical study conducted at Manchester University Dental Hospital. The induction of anesthesia in children was achieved with either intravenous (I.V.) or a gaseous induction. The Modified Child Smiley Faces Scales were completed for children at various times intervals. Statistical Analysis Used: There were statistically significant differences between the mean distress scores for the I.V. and inhalation groups (P values from independent t-test: P < 0.001) was applied. Results: In gaseous induction group, the number of children who scored severe and very severe distress was greater than those who were in I.V. group. Gaseous induction was used for 23 children. Preoperatively, 56.5% children were in very severe distress, 17.4% in severe distress, 13% in moderate distress, 8.7% in mild distress and only one (4.3%) showed no distress. For I.V. induction, 11.2% children were in very severe distress, 9% in severe distress, and 9.6% in moderate distress, 24.2% in mild distress and 46.1% showed no distress. Conclusions: Gaseous induction anesthesia for extractions of teeth does produce high levels of distress than I.V. induction in children for dental extractions. There was no significant difference between both induction methods in terms of distress levels at the time of recovery and 15 min postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giath Gazal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wamiq M Fareed
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad S Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is an uncommon tumour. In most patients, it is confined to the neck with or without involvement of the local cervical nodes. It rarely metastasizes to the mediastinum, lungs or liver. Intracranial metastasis is extremely rare with very few reported cases in the literature. We report an unusual case of an intracranial metastasis from a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid that occurred 25 years after primary surgery. We discuss the unusual features of our case together with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M R Kabir
- Department of Neurosurgery, North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
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43
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Ahmad M, Akram W, Hussain SD, Sajjad MI, Zafar MS. Origin and subsurface history of geothermal water of Murtazabad area, Pakistan--an isotopic evidence. Appl Radiat Isot 2001; 55:731-6. [PMID: 11573809 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Murtazabad area represents one of the major geothermal fields in Pakistan, with seven hot springs lying along the Main Karakoram Thrust. Discharge of the springs is 50-1200 l per minute with the surface temperature from 40 to 94 degrees C. Environmental isotopes and chemical concentrations have been used to investigate the origin and subsurface history of thermal water. Four sets of water samples were collected and analyzed for various isotopes including 18O, 2H and 3H of water; 34S and 18O of dissolved sulphates and chemical contents. Isotopic and chemical data show that the origin of thermal water is meteoric water. On the delta-diagram, delta18O and delta2H data plotting below the local meteoric water line with a slope around 12.3 show that the original thermal water receives recharge from precipitation at higher altitude (3000 m) and undergoes delta18O shift of about 1 per thousand due to exchange with rocks. Different correlations between isotopes, temperature and Cl indicate that the observed isotopic compositions have evolved due to mixing of different proportions of shallow water at different spring paths during movement of thermal water towards the surface. It is also inferred from the tritium data along with delta18O and delta2H that the circulation time is long and is estimated to be more than 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmad
- Radiation and Isotope Application Division (RIAD), Pakistan Institute of Nuulear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad.
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44
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Sheikh MA, Tasneem K, Zafar MS, Butt IA, Shakoori AR. Effect of storage on the prevalent alum-precipitated hemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine in Pakistan and preparation of a more efficient oil adjuvant vaccine using dense culture of Pasteurella multocida Roberts type 1 on an improved culture medium. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 1995; 42:28-34. [PMID: 7483898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Significantly drastic effects of storage on the potency of the alum-precipitated haemorrhagic septicaemia (APHS) vaccine are reported. The APHS vaccine, studied through challenge infection of vaccinated rabbits (post-60 days of vaccination), showed 100% potency when stored at 4 degrees C for 30 days. The potency dropped to 20% when storage period was extended to 60 or more days. At 30 degrees C, the potency reduced by 40, 40 and 60%, respectively, after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, while, at 37 degrees C, the decrease was 60, 60 and 100% after 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, respectively. In view of this, the oil-adjuvant (OA) HS vaccine was developed by culturing Pasteurella multocida on a medium comprising yeast extract, sucrose, trypticase and sodium bicarbonate, under continuous aeration at 37 degrees C. This gave a far better bacterial count (maximum count 15 x 10(8)/ml) than the conventional APHS vaccine (maximum count 6 x 10(8)/ml). The OAHS vaccine-carrying water-in-oil emulsion remained stable at room temperature for 1 year. The log protection values of the two batches of the OAHS vaccine, studied in mice, were 5.2 and 5.3, as against 1.9 of the APHS vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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45
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Abstract
A patient with lifelong severe polyuria and polydipsia had normal serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels and responded to water deprivation with a prompt increase in urine osmolality and maintenance of normal plasma osmolality (less than 290 mOsm/kg), despite extreme thirst. When treated with desmopressin acetate and allowed free access to water, she was able to reduce plasma osmolality below 270 mOsm/kg, and her compelling thirst disappeared. The disorder is interpreted to be the result of excessive fluid intake in response to a thirst stimulus that was not inhibited by normal plasma osmolality. This study indicates that osmoreceptor control of ADH secretion is normal. Continued administration of vasopressin has relieved the symptoms and has not resulted in water intoxication.
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46
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Wisgerhof M, Mellinger RC, Zafar MS. Failure of angiotensin II to stimulate increases in concentrations of adrenal androgens, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, or adrenocorticotropin in congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 56:627-31. [PMID: 6296191 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-56-3-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To determine if angiotensin II stimulates an increase in the plasma concentration of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, or ACTH in a patient with congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency, we measured these plasma concentrations before and after the plasma angiotensin II concentration was increased by upright posture and angiotensin II infusion in a surgically castrate XX adult patient with this disorder. The patient was studied before treatment, after treatment with 1 mg dexamethasone daily for 3 weeks, and after treatment with both dexamethasone and 0.2 mg fludrocortisone daily for 3 weeks. The plasma concentrations of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone did not change consistently during increases in the angiotensin II concentration. The ACTH concentration did not increase in response to raised angiotensin II concentrations before or after steroid treatment. During the infusion of angiotensin II, blood pressure increased and renin activity decreased appropriate in degree to the preinfusion concentration of angiotensin II. The results from the study of this patient do not support the hypotheses that in congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency, angiotensin II directly stimulates adrenal androgen secretion or that angiotensin II stimulates ACTH secretion.
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47
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Abstract
A middle-aged man presented with weight loss, hypokalemic alkalosis, diabetes, hypertension, and generalized melanosis. Marked elevation of urinary free cortisol (655 micrograms/24 h) and plasma ACTH (2445 PG/ML) SUGGESTED THE DIAGNOSIS OF ECTOPIC ACTH syndrome. The plasma concentrations of cortisol and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids increased paradoxically during the administration of dexamethasone without a corresponding change in the plasma ACTH level. Metyrapone administered over 24 h also markedly incrased both urinary free cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Selective venous sampling of plasma ACTH did not reveal a gradient between jugular vein and peripheral venous blood. The laboratory findings supported the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome. However, belated occurrence of visual changes necessitated surgical exploration, resulting in the diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma. A fluorescent antibody to ACTH reacted strongly with the atypical pituitary cells. This rare case documents that severe melanosis in Cushing's disease can occur without prior adrenalectomy and is consistent with the diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma. Furthermore, melanosis observed in patients with pituitary carcinoma is associated with ACTH levels similar to those occurrring in the ectopic ACTH or Nelson's syndrome.
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48
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Abstract
Decrease in the blood levels of PBI, in the thyroidal uptake of iodine, and diminished effect of TRH on TSH release have been reported to occur during growth hormone administration. We assessed thyroid function indices in two groups of growth hormone deficient children before and during long-term HGH therapy. Eight patients were given TSH prior and at 2, 4, and 6 mo of growth hormone treatment. In four other children, the disposal rates of simultaneously administered I125-T4 and I131-T3 were measured before and at 2 and 6 mo after initiation of HGH replacement. Blood levels of TSH, T3, T4, TBG capacity, and the T3 resin uptake were obtained at the time of each study. Growth hormone therapy did not affect the blood levels of T4, T3, TSH, TBG capacity, the T3 resin uptake, the thyroidal response to exogenous TSH, nor the disposal rates of thyroid hormones.
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