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Shimada M, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Yamada K, Nakajima A. Anthocyanin‐rich blackcurrant extract improves long‐term memory impairment and emotional abnormality in senescence‐accelerated mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14295. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minori Shimada
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Science and Laboratory Medicine Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
- Department of Industry Development Sciences Hirosaki University Graduate School of Sustainable Community Studies Hirosaki Japan
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Horie K, Nanashima N, Yokoyama Y, Yoshioka H, Watanabe J. Exosomal MicroRNA as Biomarkers for Diagnosing or Monitoring the Progression of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123953. [PMID: 35745075 PMCID: PMC9228939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of gynecological malignancy-related mortality since early-stage disease is difficult to diagnose. Advanced clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCCO) has dismal prognosis, and its incidence has been increasing in Japan, emphasizing the need for highly sensitive diagnostic and prognostic CCCO biomarkers. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) secreted by tumor cells are known to play a role in carcinogenesis; however, their involvement in ovarian cancer is unclear. In this study, we performed expression profiling of miRNAs from exosomes released by five cell lines representing different histological types of ovarian cancer. Exosomes isolated from culture media of cancer and normal cells were compared for miRNA composition using human miRNA microarray. We detected 143 exosomal miRNAs, whose expression was ≥1.5-fold higher in ovarian cancer cells than in the control. Among them, 28 miRNAs were upregulated in cells of all histological ovarian cancer types compared to control, and three were upregulated in CCCO cells compared to other types. Functional analyses indicated that miR-21 overexpressed in CCCO cells targeted tumor suppressor genes PTEN, TPM1, PDCD4, and MASP1. The identified miRNAs could represent novel candidate biomarkers to diagnose or monitor progression of ovarian cancer, particularly CCCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yoshihito Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8203, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Yoshioka
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan; (N.N.); (H.Y.); (J.W.)
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Horie K, Maeda H, Nanashima N, Oey I. Potential Vasculoprotective Effects of Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum) Extract in Diabetic KK-A y Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216459. [PMID: 34770868 PMCID: PMC8587626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found naturally in fruits and vegetables; they are widely used in disease prevention and health maintenance. Polyphenol-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) exerts beneficial effects on vascular health in menopausal model animals. However, the vasculoprotective effects in diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic vascular disease secondary to DM are unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether BCE is effective in preventing atherosclerosis using KK-Ay mice as a diabetes model. The mice were divided into three groups and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 1% BCE (BCE1), 3% BCE (BCE2), or Control for 9 weeks. The mice in the BCE2 group showed a considerable reduction in the disturbance of elastic lamina, foam cell formation, and vascular remodeling compared to those in the BCE1 and Control groups. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the score of endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining intensity was significantly higher in both BCE2 (2.9) and BCE1 (1.9) compared to that in the Control (1.1). Furthermore, the score for the percentage of alpha-smooth muscle actin was significantly lower in the BCE2 (2.9%) than in the Control (2.1%). Our results suggest that the intake of anthocyanin-rich BCE could have beneficial effects on the blood vessels of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Horie K, Nanashima N, Maeda H, Tomisawa T, Oey I. Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) Extract Exerts Potential Vasculoprotective Effects in Ovariectomized Rats, Including Prevention of Elastin Degradation and Pathological Vascular Remodeling. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020560. [PMID: 33567796 PMCID: PMC7915542 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen exerts cardioprotective effects in menopausal women. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived substances exhibiting estrogenic activity that could beneficially affect vascular health. We previously demonstrated that blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) extract (BCE) treatment exerted beneficial effects on vascular health via phytoestrogenic activity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which are widely used as menopausal animal models. Here, we examined whether BCE treatment reduced elastin degradation and prevented pathological vascular remodeling in OVX rats fed a regular diet (OVX Control) or a 3% BCE-supplemented diet (OVX BCE), compared with sham surgery rats fed a regular diet (Sham) for 3 months. The results indicated a lower staining intensity of elastic fibers, greater elastin fragmentation, and higher α-smooth muscle actin protein expression in OVX Control rats than in OVX BCE and Sham rats. Pathological vascular remodeling was only observed in OVX Control rats. Additionally, we investigated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 mRNA expression levels to elucidate the mechanism underlying elastin degradation, revealing significantly upregulated MMP-12 mRNA expression in OVX Control rats compared with that in Sham and OVX BCE rats. Together, we identify BCE as exerting a vascular protective effect through reduced MMP-12 expression and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that BCE might protect against elastin degradation and pathological vascular remodeling during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Nanashima N, Horie K. Blackcurrant Extract with Phytoestrogen Activity Alleviates Hair Loss in Ovariectomized Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071272. [PMID: 30939852 PMCID: PMC6479596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) has phytoestrogen activity; however, its effect on hair follicles is unknown. Additionally, hair loss is known to occur during menopause in women owing to decreased estrogen secretion. This study examined whether BCE alleviated female pattern hair loss using a rat model. RNA was extracted and analyzed using a microarray and ingenuity pathway analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that 1 μg/mL BCE altered many genes downstream of beta-estradiol in human hair dermal papilla cells. Additionally, the expression of the hair follicle stem cell marker keratin 19 was greatly enhanced. In a menopause model, ovariectomized rats were fed a diet containing 3% BCE for three months. An analysis of the number of hair shafts revealed that BCE increased the number of hairs by 0.5 hairs/follicular unit. Moreover, immunostaining revealed that the expression of Ki67 also increased by 19%. Furthermore, fluorescent immunostaining showed that the expression of other stem cell markers, including keratin 15, CD34, and keratin 19, was induced in rat hair follicular cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that BCE has phytoestrogen activity in hair follicles and contributes to the alleviation of hair loss in a menopausal model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
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Horie K, Nanashima N, Maeda H. Phytoestrogenic Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increased Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Expression in Human Endothelial Cells and Ovariectomized Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071259. [PMID: 30935162 PMCID: PMC6480453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived chemicals that are found in many foods and have estrogenic activity. We previously showed that blackcurrant extract (BCE) and anthocyanins have phytoestrogenic activity mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs), and anthocyanins may improve vascular function. BCE contains high levels of anthocyanins, but their health-promoting effects are unclear. This study examined the effects of BCE on the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human endothelial cells as key regulators in cardiovascular disease. The results showed that eNOS mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in BCE- or anthocyanin-treated human vascular endothelial cells but decreased in cells treated with fulvestrant, an ER antagonist. These results corresponded with NO levels, suggesting that BCE and anthocyanin may regulate NO synthesis via eNOS expression. Thus, the phytoestrogenic effects exerted by BCE via ERs influenced eNOS mRNA expression and NO synthesis. In vivo, we investigated whether anthocyanin-rich BCE upregulated eNOS protein expression in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a widely used animal model of menopause. Our results showed that anthocyanin-rich BCE significantly upregulated eNOS mRNA levels and NO synthesis through phytoestrogenic activity and therefore promoted blood vessel health in OVX rats as a postmenopausal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
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Nanashima N, Horie K, Maeda H, Tomisawa T, Kitajima M, Nakamura T. Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increase the Levels of Collagen, Elastin, and Hyaluronic Acid in Human Skin Fibroblasts and Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040495. [PMID: 29659549 PMCID: PMC5946280 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.) contain high levels of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have beneficial effects on health, owing to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived substances with estrogenic activity, which could have beneficial effects on the skin. Estradiol secretion decreases during menopause, reducing extracellular matrix (ECM) component production by skin fibroblasts. Using a normal human female skin fibroblast cell line (TIG113) and ovariectomized rats, the present study investigated whether an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) and four blackcurrant anthocyanins have novel phytoestrogenic activities that could benefit the skin in menopausal women. In TIG113 cells, a microarray and the Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis showed that 1.0 μg/mL of BCE upregulated the expression of many estrogen signaling-related genes. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that BCE (1.0 or 10.0 μg/mL) and four types of anthocyanins (10 μM) altered the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and enzymes involved in ECM turnover. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the anthocyanins stimulated the expression of ECM proteins, such as collagen (types I and III) and elastin. Dietary administration of 3% BCE to ovariectomized rats for 3 months increased skin levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. This is the first study to show that blackcurrant phytoestrogens have beneficial effects on skin experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
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Nanashima N, Horie K, Chiba M, Nakano M, Maeda H, Nakamura T. Anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract inhibits proliferation of the MCF10A healthy human breast epithelial cell line through induction of G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6134-6141. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nanashima N, Horie K, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Tsuchida S. Hair keratin KRT81 is expressed in normal and breast cancer cells and contributes to their invasiveness. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2964-2970. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Nanashima N, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Tsuchida S. Involvement of Clustered Genes in Mammalian Functions: Their Relation in a Rat Mutant Strain. J Mol Evol 2017; 84:159-161. [PMID: 28331938 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-017-9788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare, Sanpinai 3-18-1, Hirosaki, 036-8102, Japan.
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Chiba M, Watanabe N, Watanabe M, Sakamoto M, Sato A, Fujisaki M, Kubota S, Monzen S, Maruyama A, Nanashima N, Kashiwakura I, Nakamura T. Exosomes derived from SW480 colorectal cancer cells promote cell migration in HepG2 hepatocellular cancer cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:305-12. [PMID: 26647805 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-derived extracellular vesicles that have recently been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. In the present study, we investigated the effects of exosomes derived from SW480 colorectal cancer cells in recipient HepG2 hepatocellular cancer cells. We demonstrated that SW480-derived exosomes were taken up by the recipient HepG2 cells via dynamin-dependent endocytosis and were localized to the HepG2 lysosomes. In addition, SW480-derived exosomes induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 following their uptake into HepG2 cells. Of note, these changes occurred during the early phase after exosome treatment. Furthermore, SW480-derived exosomes promoted the migration of recipient HepG2 cells in a wound-healing assay, which was suppressed by pretreatment with U0126, an upstream inhibitor of ERK1/2. These results indicated that SW480-derived exosomes activated a classical mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in recipient HepG2 cells via dynamin-dependent endocytosis and subsequently enhanced cell migration by ERK1/2 activation. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of cellular functions by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Narumi Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Maki Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Akika Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mizuki Fujisaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Shiori Kubota
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Nanashima N, Horie K, Tomisawa T, Chiba M, Nakano M, Fujita T, Maeda H, Kitajima M, Takamagi S, Uchiyama D, Watanabe J, Nakamura T, Kato Y. Phytoestrogenic activity of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) anthocyanins is mediated through estrogen receptor alpha. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2419-31. [PMID: 26395027 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariaceae) contain high amounts of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic health benefits. This study analyzed the potential phytoestrogenic effects of blackcurrant extract (BCE) in breast cancer (MCF-7) and human endometrial cancer (Ishikawa) cell lines that over-express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as well as in immature female rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Microarray analysis and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis showed that BCE activated the ERα pathway, whereas quantitative-PCR confirmed that BCE and four types of anthocyanins up-regulated genes downstream of ERα. BCE (0.1-1.0 μg/mL) and anthocyanins (0.1-10 μM) induced MCF-7 cell proliferation; however, this effect was blocked by ER antagonist fulvestrant. Flow cytometry showed that anthocyanins reduced and increased the number of MCF-7 cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, respectively. Anthocyanins stimulated ERα transcriptional activity in human ERα reporter assays and induced alkaline phosphatase activity in Ishikawa cells. Competition assays and in silico analysis indicated that anthocyanins bind to ERα. Finally, BCE focally induced stratification of columnar epithelial cells in the rat uterus and increased cytoplasmic mucin levels in these cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that blackcurrant anthocyanins act as phytoestrogens in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kayo Horie
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fujita
- Department of Disability and Health, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shizuka Takamagi
- Department of Disability and Health, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daishi Uchiyama
- Center for Joint Research, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoji Kato
- Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Sawano T, Shimizu T, Yamada T, Nanashima N, Miura T, Morohashi S, Kudo D, Hui FM, Kijima H, Hakamada K, Tsuchida S. Fatty acid synthase-positive hepatocytes and subsequent steatosis in rat livers by irinotecan. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2151-60. [PMID: 25708528 PMCID: PMC4391592 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a rat model, we investigated factors contributing to the pathogenesis of irinotecan-associated fatty liver disease. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 200 mg/kg irinotecan by intraperitoneal injection on days 1–4, but not on days 5–7. This schedule was repeated 3 times. Rats were sacrificed 4, 18 and 25 days after the last injection, and liver steatosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. Panacinar intrahepatocyte vacuoles were absent on days 4 and 25, but present on day 18, and this alteration was more prominent around the bile ducts than the central veins. Microarray analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids was upregulated on day 4. Immunohistochemistry detected fatty acid synthase (Fasn)-strongly positive hepatocytes as well as the activation of liver progenitor cells on day 4, whereas intracellular vacuoles were evident in carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3)-positive hepatocytes on day 18. Thus, irinotecan-induced liver steatosis was preceded by Fasn-strongly-positive hepatocytes and liver progenitor cell activation. The magnitude of the decrease in the number of Fasn-strongly positive hepatocytes between days 4 and 18 was similar to that of the increase in the number of CA3-positive hepatocytes accompanying vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Sawano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Feng Mao Hui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Kuroda Y, Kasai K, Nanashima N, Nozaka H, Nakano M, Chiba M, Yoneda M, Nakamura T. 4-Methylumbelliferone inhibits the phosphorylation of hyaluronan synthase 2 induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Biomed Res 2013; 34:97-103. [PMID: 23594483 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 4-methylumbelliferone (MU), a hyaluronan synthase-suppressor, on O-linked β-Nacetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) was investigated in cultured human skin fibroblasts, and we found that MU stimulated O-GlcNAcylation of the cellular proteins. Since O-GlcNAcylation affects protein phosphorylation via Ser/Thr kinases, we examined the effect of MU on both the phosphorylation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and hyaluronan production. The cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and MU independently or in combination. The protein fraction of each cell culture was extracted and divided into 2 parts-phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated fractions-by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography. The hyaluronan level in the medium was determined by an ELISA-like assay. Addition of MU decreased the level of hyaluronan in the medium and that of HAS2 in the phosphorylated protein fraction. On the contrary, the addition of TPA increased the levels of both of them. Interestingly, the combination of TPA and MU lowered the levels of them in treated cells as compared to those in untreated control cells. These results suggest that TPA activated protein kinase C (PKC), which stimulates the phosphorylation of HAS2, and increased hyaluronan production. Further, MU may inhibit the phosphorylation of HAS2 by PKC through the stimulation of O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kuroda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
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Yamada T, Nanashima N, Akita M, Shimizu T, Miura T, Yamana D, Sawano T, Sakurai T, Tsuchida S. Lectin-like receptor Ly49s3 on dendritic cells contributes to the differentiation of regulatory T cells in the rat thymus. J Immunol 2013; 191:3799-809. [PMID: 23997226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs), important for immune regulation and the maintenance of self-tolerance, develop in the thymus. The Hirosaki hairless rat (HHR), derived from the Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR), was shown to have decreased peripheral lymphocyte number, small thymus, and leukocyte infiltration in its dermis. In the HHR thymus, the medulla was underdeveloped and nTreg number was decreased. Array comparative genome hybridization revealed the deletion of an NK cell lectin-like receptor gene, Ly49s3, detecting MHC class I molecules on target cells, in the chromosome 4q42 region in HHRs. The gene was expressed in thymic conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in SDRs, but not in HHRs. When CD4-single-positive or CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(-) thymocytes were cultured with thymic cDCs, the expression of nTreg marker genes was lower when these cells were from HHRs than from SDRs, suggesting that HHR cDCs are deficient in the ability to induce and maintain nTreg differentiation. Expression of the genes was recovered when Ly49s3 was expressed on HHR thymic cDCs. Expression levels of MHC class II genes, presumably from cDCs, were parallel to those of nTreg marker genes in mixed-cell cultures. However, in the presence of an anti-MHC class I Ab, blocking interaction between Ly49s3 and MHC class I molecules, the expression of the former genes was upregulated, whereas the latter was downregulated. These results suggest that Ly49s3 contributes to nTreg regulation along with MHC class II molecules, whose effects alone are insufficient, and loss of Ly49s3 from thymic cDCs is the reason for the nTreg deficiency in HHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Nanashima N, Ito K, Ishikawa T, Nakano M, Nakamura T. Damage of hair follicle stem cells and alteration of keratin expression in external radiation-induced acute alopecia. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:579-84. [PMID: 22692500 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is known as a symptom of acute radiation, yet little is known concerning the mechanism of this phenomenon and the alteration of hair protein profiles. To examine this, 6-week-old male C57/BL6 mice were exposed to 6 Gy of X-ray irradiation, which caused acute alopecia. Their hair and skin were collected, and hair proteins were analyzed with liquid chromatography/electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. No change was observed in the composition of major hair keratins, such as Krt81, Krt83 and Krt86. However, cytokeratin Krt15 and CD34, which are known as hair follicle stem cell markers, were decreased in alopecic mice. Cytokeratin Krt5, which is known as a marker for basal and undifferentiated keratinocytes, was increased in the epidermis of alopecic mice. These findings suggest that radiation damages hair stem cells and the differentiation of keratinocytes in the epidermis. For the evaluation of radiation exposure, chromosomal aberration is considered to be the gold standard, yet our results suggest that Krt5 may be a novel biological marker for acute radiation symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Miura T, Kimura N, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Nanashima N, Yamana D, Hakamada K, Tsuchida S. Sustained repression and translocation of Ntcp and expression of Mrp4 for cholestasis after rat 90% partial hepatectomy. J Hepatol 2011; 55:407-14. [PMID: 21167233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To clarify the mechanism of persistent cholestasis after massive hepatectomy, the relationship between such cholestasis and the expression and localization of organic anion transporters for bile acids was examined in a rat model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90% hepatectomy, and tissues were harvested at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days for microarray analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of multidrug resistance protein 4 (Mrp4), bile salt export pump (Bsep), and sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp). RESULTS Persistently elevated levels of serum bile acids were observed at days 3 and 7. RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that the expression of Mrp4, a bile acid export pump located in the basolateral membrane, was increased at day 3. The expression of Ntcp, a transporter used to uptake bile acids from the sinusoids, was significantly decreased throughout the period. The levels of Bsep, an export pump localized to the canalicular membrane, were unchanged. Immunohistochemistry revealed the localization of Mrp4 and Bsep in the basolateral and canalicular membranes, respectively. On the other hand, at days 3 and 7, Ntcp was localized in the cytoplasm and was hardly detected in the basolateral membrane. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the sustained repression and translocation of Ntcp and the expression of Mrp4 at the basolateral membrane seem to be responsible for the high blood bile acids levels after massive hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Yamana D, Shimizu T, Fan Y, Miura T, Nanashima N, Yamada T, Hakamada K, Tsuchida S. Decrease of hepatic stellate cells in rats with enhanced sensitivity to clofibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:735-41. [PMID: 21214675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the possible involvement of nonparenchymal cells in the development of preneoplastic hepatic lesions induced by clofibrate (CF), alterations of these cells were investigated immunohistochemically in glutathione S-transferase M1 gene polymorphic rats (KS and NC types) with different cancer susceptibilities. After CF administration for 8 weeks, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were markedly decreased in sensitive KS-type rats, but not in the NC-type rats. Kupffer cells were decreased with similar extents between them. The sinusoidal endothelial cells were not changed in either type. The other markers for HSC, vimentin and CRBP1, also confirmed the decrease of HSC in the KS type. The decrease of HSC was not observed at 4 weeks of CF administration. Preneoplastic peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme-negative foci were detected in the KS-type rats at 8 weeks of CF administration, but not at 4 weeks. Human HSC were cultured in the presence of clofibric acid and expression of most HSC marker genes, such as vimentin and α-SMA (ACTA2), evaluated by a microarray, was not altered by the treatment, suggesting that HSC loss in the KS-type rats was not due to the direct toxic effect of CF. The expression levels of most HSC marker genes were low in both control and CF-treated rat livers. A possible link between HSC loss and the development of preneoplastic hepatic foci is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamana
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Shimizu T, Fan Y, Yamana D, Miura T, Nanashima N, Yamada T, Tsuchida S. Glutathione S-transferase A4 is a positive marker for rat hepatic foci induced by clofibrate and genotoxic carcinogens. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1093-8. [PMID: 20180811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators (PP), including clofibrate (CF), are non-genotoxic rodent carcinogens, and oxidative DNA damages are suggested as a causative event for carcinogenesis. Gene expression profiles differ between hepatic lesions induced by PP and genotoxic carcinogens. Our previous study revealed that expression of L-bifunctional enzyme (enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, BE) was repressed in preneoplastic lesions induced by PP, whereas it was enhanced in the surrounding tissues. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined expression of the specific glutathione S-transferase (GST) form, GST-A4, which detoxifies 4-hydroxy-alkenal, the end-product of lipid peroxides, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for many genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and defending enzymes against oxidative stress, during rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by CF and genotoxic carcinogens. GST-A4 and Nrf2 were not expressed in BE-negative foci at 8 weeks of CF administration, but were expressed in the foci at 60 weeks. GST-A4-positive foci appeared at later stages than BE-negative foci, but its localization was coincidental with that of the latter foci. The areas of GST-A4-positive foci were larger than those of BE-negative foci without GST-A4 expression. Most GST-A4-positive foci were also positive for Nrf2. In rat livers induced by genotoxic carcinogens, GST-P-negative foci as well as GST-P-positive foci were demonstrated. GST-A4 and Nrf2 were expressed in GST-P-negative foci, whereas they were not expressed in most GST-P-positive foci. Thus, GST-A4-positive foci developed in rat livers by CF and genotoxic carcinogen administration, indicating that the enzyme is a positive marker for hepatic foci induced by these different carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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20
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Asano J, Kudo T, Shimizu T, Fan Y, Nanashima N, Yamana D, Miura T, Yamada T, Tsuchida S. Histone acetylation and steroid receptor coactivator expression during clofibrate-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2009; 101:869-75. [PMID: 20132223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators (PPs), non-genotoxic rodent carcinogens, cause the induction of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system, including bifunctional enzyme (BE) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (TH), in the liver. GST M1 gene is polymorphic in Sprague-Dawley rats, NC- and KS-type. The KS-type rats showed enhanced susceptibility to ethyl-alpha-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate, CF), one of the PPs. The degree of BE induction was higher in the KS-type and preneoplastic foci developed after 6-8 weeks of treatment, whereas no foci developed in the NC-type. In the preset study, factors involved in different BE inducibility were investigated. There were no differences in hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha levels between them. Among various coactivators for PPARalpha, only steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3 level was higher in the KS-type. To investigate the association between PPARalpha and SRC-3 or other proteins, nuclear extracts from CF-treated livers were applied to a PPARalpha column. In the KS-type, 110, 72, and 42 kDa proteins were bound and these were identified as SRC-3, BE, and TH, respectively. EMSA supported the binding of these proteins to PPARalpha associated to the BE enhancer in CF-treated KS-type, but not in the NC-type. Histone H3 acetylation was increased 11-fold in the KS-type by CF treatment but not in the NC-type. As BE and TH are responsible for acetyl-CoA production and SRC-3 possesses a histone acetyltransferase activity, these results suggest that enhanced BE induction in the KS-type livers is due to acetylation-mediated transcriptional activation and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in CF-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Asano
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Fan Y, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Nanashima N, Akita M, Suto K, Tsuchida S. Ferritin expression in rat hepatocytes and Kupffer cells after lead nitrate treatment. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:209-17. [PMID: 19332663 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308328544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead nitrate induces hepatocyte proliferation and subsequent apoptosis in rat livers. Iron is a constituent of heme and is also required for cell proliferation. In this study, the expression of ferritin light-chain (FTL), the major iron storage protein, was investigated in rat livers after a single intravenous injection of lead nitrate. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that FTL was increased in hepatocytes around the central veins and strongly expressed in nonparenchymal cells. Some FTL-positive nonparenchymal cells were identified as Kupffer cells that were positive for CD68. FTL-positive Kupffer cells occupied about 60% of CD68-positive cells in the periportal and perivenous areas. The relationships between FTL expression and apoptosis induction or the engulfment of apoptotic cells were examined. TUNEL-positive cells were increased in the treatment group, and enhanced expression of milk fat globule EGF-like 8 was demonstrated in some Kupffer cells and hepatocytes, indicating enhanced apoptosis induction and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. FTL-positive Kupffer cells were not detected without lead nitrate treatment or in rat livers treated with clofibrate, which induces hepatocyte proliferation but not apoptosis. These results suggest that FTL expression in Kupffer cells after lead treatment is dependent on phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Horie M, Nishio K, Fujita K, Endoh S, Miyauchi A, Saito Y, Iwahashi H, Yamamoto K, Murayama H, Nakano H, Nanashima N, Niki E, Yoshida Y. Protein Adsorption of Ultrafine Metal Oxide and Its Influence on Cytotoxicity toward Cultured Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:543-53. [PMID: 19216582 DOI: 10.1021/tx800289z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Keiko Nishio
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Arisa Miyauchi
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Hideki Murayama
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Technology Research Center (HTRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology (EM-TECH), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Research Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), AIST, 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, Research Center for Chemical Risk Management (CRM), AIST, 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan,
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Yamada T, Shimizu T, Sakurai T, Nanashima N, Kihara-Negishi F, Suzuki M, Fan Y, Akita M, Oikawa T, Tsuchida S. Physical and functional interactions between hematopoietic cell-specific ETS transcription factors and homeodomain proteins. Leuk Res 2008; 33:483-9. [PMID: 18692240 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To examine the possibility that ETS family transcription factors, PU.1, SPI-B, ELF-1, ERG-3, ETS-1 and TEL, and homeodomain proteins, HOXA10, HOXC13, MEIS1 and PBX1B, function cooperatively, we investigated their interactions. In luciferase assays, HOXA10 and HOXC13 augmented the activity of PU.1 and SPI-B while diminishing that of ELF-1 and ERG-3. MEIS1 diminished the activity of ETS-1. No clear effects were observed for other combinations. Immunoprecipitation assays showed protein-protein interactions among the combinations exhibiting functional interactions. A mutation of HOXC13, which abolished binding to ELF-1, also abolished the diminishing effect on ELF-1. The results suggest functional interaction through physical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Nanashima N, Akita M, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Nakano H, Fan Y, Tsuchida S. The Hairless Phenotype of the Hirosaki Hairless Rat Is Due to the Deletion of an 80-kb Genomic DNA Containing Five Basic Keratin Genes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16868-75. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802539200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fan Y, Shimizu T, Yamada T, Nanashima N, Akita M, Asano J, Tsuchida S. Development of glutathione S-transferase-P-negative foci accompanying nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression during early stage of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:497-501. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yamada T, Shimizu T, Suzuki M, Kihara-Negishi F, Nanashima N, Sakurai T, Fan Y, Akita M, Oikawa T, Tsuchida S. Interaction between the homeodomain protein HOXC13 and ETS family transcription factor PU.1 and its implication in the differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 314:847-58. [PMID: 18076876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some of homeodomain proteins and the ETS family of transcription factors are involved in hematopoiesis. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the HOXC13 and PU.1 genes were expressed in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and their levels decreased during DMSO-induced differentiation into erythroid cells. HOXC13 bound to the ETS domain of PU.1 through a region encompassing the C-terminal part of the homeodomain and the most C-terminal region and enhanced the transcriptional activity of PU.1. Enforced expression of HOXC13 in MEL cells resulted in the suppression of beta-globin gene expression. In MEL cells overexpressing HOXC13 and PU.1, which also inhibits the differentiation of MEL cells, no synergistic effect on the suppression of beta-globin gene expression was observed. However, in the presence of DMSO, the expression levels of the beta-globin gene in the cells overexpressing HOXC13 and PU.1 were, unexpectedly, higher than those in the cells overexpressing PU.1 alone. The levels of PU.1 protein were markedly decreased despite that the levels of mRNA were preserved in the cells overexpressing PU.1 and HOXC13. It was, thus, suggested that although HOXC13 negatively regulates the differentiation of MEL cells into erythroid cells, it antagonizes PU.1 possibly by down-regulation of PU.1 protein in the presence of a differentiation stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Nakamura R, Kuwabara H, Yoneda M, Yoshihara S, Ishikawa T, Miura T, Nozaka H, Nanashima N, Sato T, Nakamura T. Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by 4-methylumbelliferone. Cell Biol Int 2007; 31:1022-6. [PMID: 17470403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OHK cells, a human lymphoma cell line, are known to produce large amounts of hyaluronan. We investigated the effect of 4-methylumbelliferone, an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis, on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in OHK cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was detected on gelatin zymography as the main metalloproteinase excreted into the medium of cultured OHK cells, and 4-methylumbelliferone added to the medium decreased the activity of the enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of Streptomyces hyaluronidase to the medium during cultivation did not decrease the enzyme activity. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that 4-methylumbelliferone markedly decreased the level of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cultured OHK cells. A similar decrease of the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by 4-methylumbelliferone was also observed in cultured human breast and colon carcinoma cells. These results suggest that 4-methylumbelliferone suppresses the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cultured cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Nakamura
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan
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28
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Kudo T, Asano J, Shimizu T, Nanashima N, Fan Y, Akita M, Ookawa K, Hayakari M, Yokoyama Y, Suto K, Tsuchida S. Different susceptibility to peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats with polymorphic glutathione transferase genes. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:703-9. [PMID: 16800819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (enoyl-CoA hydratase/L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase; BE) is a positive marker for peroxisome proliferation, it is completely absent or expressed very weakly in rat hepatic preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions induced by peroxisome proliferators (PP). After administration of PP for 8-15 weeks, some rats exhibit BE-negative preneoplastic foci but other rats do not. In the present study, to investigate the involvement of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 gene polymorphism in interindividual differences in susceptibility to PP, we developed a method to determine the genotypes of rats. We then examined whether rats with one type encoding 198Asn-199Cys (NC-type) or another encoding 198Lys-199Ser (KS-type) exhibit differences in clofibrate (CF) susceptibility. After administration of 0.3% CF for 6 weeks or more, BE-negative foci were found immunohistochemically in KS/KS-type rats, but not in NC/NC-type rats. The number of BE-negative foci in KS/KS rats was 15.3 +/- 9.0 foci/cm2 of liver section after 6 weeks of CF administration, and the values did not alter thereafter. The mean areas of BE-negative foci in KS/KS rat livers increased during the period from 6 to 60 weeks. At weeks 30 and 60, almost all BE-negative foci exhibited a clear cell phenotype, a type of preneoplastic hepatic lesion. BE-negative foci were devoid of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, whereas surrounding tissues were positive for the receptor. These results indicate that rats that are polymorphic for the GST M1 gene exhibit different susceptibilities to CF in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kudo
- Second Department of Biochemistry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu- cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Nanashima N, Asano J, Hayakari M, Nakamura T, Nakano H, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Akita M, Fan Y, Tsuchida S. Nuclear localization of STAT5A modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine and early involution in the mammary gland of Hirosaki hairless rat. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:43010-6. [PMID: 16227201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509481200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirosaki hairless rat (HHR) is a mutant strain spontaneously derived from Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR), and its inheritance is autosomal recessive. In addition to hair loss, female HHRs show involution of the mammary gland at an early stage of lactation. In the present study we investigated the mammary gland development in HHR. Morphological examinations revealed that HHR mammary glands are underdeveloped in virgins and exhibit distended alveoli on day 1 of lactation (L1), followed by involution. Milk secretion was observed on L1 in HHR. Whey acidic protein and other proteins were increased in milk of HHR and heterozygous rats on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay revealed apoptosis induction in HHRs at an early stage of lactation. By Western blotting, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5A levels in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the mammary glands were not different between HHR and SDR on L1 and L7. Nuclear localization of STAT5A in HHR and SDR was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Tyr-phosphorylated STAT5A was not detected in HHR but was detected in SDR nuclear fractions. Several proteins modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) were detected in HHR nuclear extract on L1, although not in SDR or heterozygous rats by Western blotting. When HHR nuclear extract was applied to wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, a part of STAT5A was recovered in bound fractions. STAT5A of SDR or heterozygous rat nuclei were not bound to the lectin. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that STAT5A modified with O-GlcNAc is bound to the STAT5-responsive element. These results indicate that the mammary glands of HHR showed terminal differentiation for a short period, followed immediately by involution. In HHR, STAT5A is modified with O-GlcNAc but is not Tyr-phosphorylated. This type of glycosylation is suggested to be involved in the transient activation of STAT5A in HHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nanashima
- Second Department of Biochemistry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Nakamura T, Ishikawa T, Nanashima N, Miura T, Nozaka H, Nakaoka R, Sato T. 4-Methylumbelliferone induces the expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 298:646-50. [PMID: 12419303 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human skin fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of 4-methylumbelliferone, an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis. Gelatinolytic activity excreted in the medium was examined by zymography and gelatinase assay using a fluorogenic substrate. 4-Methylumbelliferone added to the medium activated the latent form of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis also showed the conversion of the latent form of matrix metalloproteinase-2 to its active form. This activation was observed even when the cells were cultured with both 4-methylumbelliferone and hyaluronan. Addition of Streptomyces hyaluronidase to the medium during cultivation did not activate the latent form of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that 4-methylumbelliferone markedly increased the level of mRNA for membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase, whereas levels of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 were little affected. These results suggest that 4-methylumbelliferone induces the expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase, resulting in activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2, in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.
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