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Ornella MSC, Badrinath N, Kim KA, Kim JH, Cho E, Hwang TH, Kim JJ. Immunotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Challenges and Prospective Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082383. [PMID: 37190310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis, also known as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), is a refractory cancer that is typically resistant to conventional therapies. The typical treatment for PC is a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Recently, research in this area has seen significant advances, particularly in immunotherapy as an alternative therapy for PC, which is very encouraging. Catumaxomab is a trifunctional antibody intraperitoneal (IP) immunotherapy authorized in Europe that can be used to diminish malignant ascites by targeting EpCAM. Intraperitoneal (IP) immunotherapy breaks immunological tolerance to treat peritoneal illness. Increasing T-cell responses and vaccination against tumor-associated antigens are two methods of treatment. CAR-T cells, vaccine-based therapeutics, dendritic cells (DCs) in combination with pro-inflammatory cytokines and NKs, adoptive cell transfer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising treatments for PC. Carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumors are suppressed by IP administration of CAR-T cells. This reaction was strengthened by anti-PD-L1 or anti-Gr1. When paired with CD137 co-stimulatory signaling, CAR-T cells for folate receptor cancers made it easier for T-cell tumors to find their way to and stay alive in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mefotse Saha Cyrelle Ornella
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ae Kim
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Cho
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Kim
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Abstract
There are several meta-heuristic optimization algorithms developed on inspiration from nature. Artificial neural network proves to be efficient among other machine learning techniques. The efficiency of classification and prediction is improved by optimizing artificial neural network using the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The review of some of these hybrid artificial neural networks that are applied for benchmark datasets and to specific real-time experiments for classification and prediction are discussed. Upcoming sections cover the current trending research topics dealing with optimized artificial neural network concepts and provide some interesting insights for researchers to use in their respective applications domains of interest.
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Yoo SY, Badrinath N, Lee HL, Heo J, Kang DH. A Cancer-Favoring, Engineered Vaccinia Virus for Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1667. [PMID: 31717883 PMCID: PMC6896061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While oncolytic vaccinia virus-based therapy has shown promising results for uncured patients with cancer, its effects on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of the cancer-favoring oncolytic vaccinia virus (CVV), which was recognized as a promising therapy for stem cell-like colon cancer cells (SCCs) and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in previous studies. CCA presents major challenges, such as clinical complexity, stem cell cancer characteristics, a high refractory rate, resistance to conventional therapy, and a dismal prognosis. In the present study, we confirmed the oncolytic activity of the CVV in CCA with a slightly alkaline microenvironment (pH 7-8), in which the CVV was stable and highly effective at infecting CCA. Taken together, our findings suggest that CVV-based therapy is highly suitable for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (N.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong Heo
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (N.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Dae-Hwan Kang
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (D.-H.K.)
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (N.B.); (J.H.)
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Badrinath N, Yoo SY. Mitochondria in cancer: in the aspects of tumorigenesis and targeted therapy. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1419-1430. [PMID: 30357389 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play pivotal roles in most eukaryotic cells, ranging from energy production to regulation of apoptosis. As sites of cellular respiration, mitochondria experience accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to damage in electron transport chain carriers. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as well as nuclear DNA are reported in various cancers. Mitochondria have a dual role in cancer: the development of tumors due to mutations in mitochondrial genome and the generation of ROS. Impairment in the mitochondria-regulated apoptosis pathway accelerates tumorigenesis. Numerous strategies targeting mitochondria have been developed to induce the mitochondrial (i.e. intrinsic) apoptosis pathway in cancer cells. This review elaborates the roles of mitochondria in cancer with respect to mutations and apoptosis and discusses mitochondria-targeting strategies as cancer therapies to enhance the killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Badrinath N, Yoo SY. Recent Advances in Cancer Stem Cell-Targeted Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030310. [PMID: 30841635 PMCID: PMC6468501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are one of the reasons for the relapse of cancer cells and metastasis. They have drug resistance against most chemotherapeutic agents. CSCs are also responsible for tumor cell heterogeneity and cause minimal residual disease. In order to achieve complete regression of tumors, CSCs have to be targeted. Recent advances in immunotherapies have shown promising outcomes in curing cancer, which are also applicable to target CSCs. CSCs express immune markers and exhibit specific immune characteristics in various cancers, which can be used in immunotherapies to target CSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, various strategies have been used to target CSCs. Adaptive T-cells, dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combination therapies are now being used to target CSCs. Here, we discuss the feasibility of these immunological approaches and the recent trends in immunotherapies to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - So Young Yoo
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Badrinath N, Jeong YI, Woo HY, Bang SY, Kim C, Heo J, Kang DH, Yoo SY. Local delivery of a cancer-favoring oncolytic vaccinia virus via poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofiber for theranostic purposes. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:437-442. [PMID: 30308276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Local delivery of viruses via nanomaterials has been demonstrated in the treatment of colon cancer. A cancer-favoring oncolytic vaccinia virus (CVV), which is an evolutionary cancer-favoring engineered vaccinia virus carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, has antitumor efficacy in drug-resistant colon cancer and metastatic liver cells. Here, we present the antitumor efficacy of a CVV coated a poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofiber for local drug delivery in theranostic approaches. In vitro- and in vivo-based analyses using mouse colon carcinoma models confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of CVV-PLGA nanofibers through diagnostic localization of the tumors and reduced tumor burden as a result of enhanced apoptosis. We propose that the CVV-PLGA nanofiber may be used for theranostic purposes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Jeong
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Bang
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Gumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Amogreentech Co. Ltd. Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Seo-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Gumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy, a type of nanomedicine in which oncolytic viruses (OVs) are used to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells, is an emerging field in cancer therapy. Some OVs exhibit a specific tropism for cancer cells, whereas others require genetic modification to enhance their binding with and entry into cancer cells. OVs both kill tumor cells and induce the host’s immune response against tumor cells. Armed with antitumor cellular molecules, antibodies, and/or in combination with anticancer drugs, OVs can accelerate the lysis of cancer cells. Among the OVs, vaccinia virus has been the focus of preclinical and clinical research because of its many favorable properties. In this review, the basic mechanisms of action of OVs are presented, including their entry, survival, tumor lysis, and immune activation, and the latest research in vaccinia virus-based virotherapy and its status as an anticancer nanomedicine in prospective clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Do KT, Cho HW, Badrinath N, Park JW, Choi JY, Chung YH, Lee HK, Song KD, Cho BW. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Creatine Kinase Muscle (CK-M) Gene in Horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1680-5. [PMID: 26580434 PMCID: PMC4647075 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient days, domestic horses have been closely associated with human civilization. Today, horse racing is an important industry. Various genes involved in energy production and muscle contraction are differentially regulated during a race. Among them, creatine kinase (CK) is well known for its regulation of energy preservation in animal cells. CK is an iso-enzyme, encoded by different genes and expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and leucocytes. We confirmed that the expression of CK-M significantly increased in the blood after a 30 minute exercise period, while no considerable change was observed in skeletal muscle. Analysis of various tissues showed an ubiquitous expression of the CK-M gene in the horse; CK-M mRNA expression was predominant in the skeletal muscle and the cardiac muscle compared to other tissues. An evolutionary study by synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ratio of CK-M gene revealed a positive selection that was conserved in the horse. More studies are warranted in order to develop the expression of CK-M gene as a biomarker in blood of thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Tak Do
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea ; Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
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Badrinath N, Gopinath G, Ravichandran KS, Soundhar RG. Estimation of automatic detection of erythemato-squamous diseases through AdaBoost and its hybrid classifiers. Artif Intell Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10462-015-9436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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