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Campos GRF, Almeida NBF, Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Gomes SVC, de Miranda DAP, de Assis JV, Silva TBDS, Alves PA, Fernandes GDR, de Oliveira JG, Rahal P, Grenfell RFQ, Nogueira ML. Second booster dose improves antibody neutralization against BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1 in individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac plus BNT162B2 booster protocol. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1371695. [PMID: 38638823 PMCID: PMC11024236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccines production and distribution enabled the return to normalcy worldwide, but it was not fast enough to avoid the emergence of variants capable of evading immune response induced by prior infections and vaccination. This study evaluated, against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1, the antibody response of a cohort vaccinated with a two doses CoronaVac protocol and followed by two heterologous booster doses. Methods To assess vaccination effectiveness, serum samples were collected from 160 individuals, in 3 different time points (9, 12 and 18 months after CoronaVac protocol). For each time point, individuals were divided into 3 subgroups, based on the number of additional doses received (No booster, 1 booster and 2 boosters), and a viral microneutralization assay was performed to evaluate neutralization titers and seroconvertion rate. Results The findings presented here show that, despite the first booster, at 9m time point, improved neutralization level against omicron ancestor BA.1 (133.1 to 663.3), this trend was significantly lower for BQ.1.1 and BA.5 (132.4 to 199.1, 63.2 to 100.2, respectively). However, at 18m time point, the administration of a second booster dose considerably improved the antibody neutralization, and this was observed not only against BA.1 (2361.5), but also against subvariants BQ.1.1 (726.1) and BA.5 (659.1). Additionally, our data showed that, after first booster, seroconvertion rate for BA.5 decayed over time (93.3% at 12m to 68.4% at 18m), but after the second booster, seroconvertion was completely recovered (95% at 18m). Discussion Our study reinforces the concerns about immunity evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants, where BA.5 and BQ.1.1 were less neutralized by vaccine induced antibodies than BA.1. On the other hand, the administration of a second booster significantly enhanced antibody neutralization capacity against these subvariants. It is likely that, as new SARS-CoV-2 subvariants continue to emerge, additional immunizations will be needed over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R. F. Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Amormino Corsini
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alvim Pena de Miranda
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Vieira de Assis
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Bárbara de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Almeida NBF, Fantone KM, Sarr D, Ashtiwi NM, Channell S, Grenfell RFQ, Martins-Filho OA, Rada B. Variant-dependent oxidative and cytokine responses of human neutrophils to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-spike IgG1 antibodies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255003. [PMID: 37908356 PMCID: PMC10613679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe forms of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, are characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome, robust lung inflammation and death in some patients. Strong evidence has been accumulating that polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) play an important role in the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 directly induces in vitro PMN activation, mainly the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, the viral components inducing this PMN response remain unclear. Methods In this work human PMN responses were assessed in vitro in response to the spike (S) protein of two different SARS-CoV-2 variants, anti-S IgG1 antibodies or immune complexes formed by them. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by Diogenes-based chemiluminescence. Release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was assessed by ELISA while secretion of a list of cytokines and growth factors was determined by high-performance multiplex cytokine assay. Results and discussion We show that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant S protein and anti-spike IgG1, either alone or together, stimulate ROS production in human PMNs. We also observed that the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan S protein and anti-S IgG1 antibody together trigger MPO release from PMNs. Based on the relevance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infections, we have also investigated the impact of influenza virus infection on the previous PMN responses to S proteins or anti-S antibodies. We did not detect any significant effect of influenza co-infection on ROS generation in PMNs. Our data also show that PMN stimulation by S proteins induced the release of different chemokines, growth factors, regulatory and proinflammatory cytokines. Overall, our findings show that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, an anti-spike IgG1 antibody or their immune complex, promote oxidative responses of PMNs in a variant-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the role of PMN responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kayla Marie Fantone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nuha Milad Ashtiwi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Channell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Almeida NBF, Pedrosa MLC, Miranda DAPD, Gomes SVC, Assis JVD, Silva RA, Medeiros MIVDARCD, Lourenço AJ, Bicalho CMF, Vilela RVR, Jeremias WDJ, Fernandes GDR, Queiroz RFGE. Rapid antigen test as a tool for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential as a self-testing device. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e01672022. [PMID: 37222349 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0167-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan (China) in December (2019) and quickly spread worldwide. Antigen tests are rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) that produce results in 15-30 min and are an important tool for the scale-up of COVID-19 testing. COVID-19 diagnostic tests are authorized for self-testing at home in some countries, including Brazil. Widespread COVID-19 diagnostic testing is required to guide public health policies and control the speed of transmission and economic recovery. METHODS Patients with suspected COVID-19 were recruited at the Hospital da Baleia (Belo Horizonte, Brazil). The SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests were evaluated from June 2020 to June 2021 using saliva, nasal, and nasopharyngeal swab samples from 609 patients. Patient samples were simultaneously tested using a molecular assay (RT-qPCR). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were determined using the statistical program, MedCalc, and GraphPad Prism 8.0. RESULTS The antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests displayed 98% specificity, 60% sensitivity, 96% positive predictive value, and moderate concordance with RT-qPCR. Substantial agreement was found between the two methods for patients tested < 7 days of symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the use of Ag-RDT as a valuable and safe diagnostic method. Ag-RDT was also demonstrated to be an important triage tool for suspected COVID-19 patients in emergencies. Overall, Ag-RDT is an effective strategy for reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and contributing to COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila Amormino Corsini
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Universidade da Geórgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Athens, GA, Estados Unidos da América
| | - Maria Luysa Camargos Pedrosa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Daniel Alvim Pena de Miranda
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Vieira de Assis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wander de Jesus Jeremias
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Farmácia, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Rafaella Fortini Grenfell E Queiroz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Câncer, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Universidade da Geórgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Athens, GA, Estados Unidos da América
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Almeida NBF, Filgueiras PS, Lourenço AJ, Bicalho CMF, Corsini CA, de Miranda DAP, Gomes SVC, Vilela RVR, Grenfell RFQ. COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease: a 2-year study of incidence and mortality in relation to the variants of concern waves in Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023:7115601. [PMID: 37042271 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In Brazil, the disease is the 10th highest cause of death. We evaluated the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 in CDK and non-CDK patients. METHODS Positive patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 2020 to 2022 were classified according to the severity of COVID-19 and the numbers of cases and deaths were correlated to each wave of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Brazil. RESULTS We compared all variables, and our data show that CDK significantly increased the mortality rate among patients, especially before COVID-19 vaccination, in comparison with non-CKD patients. CONCLUSIONS CKD patients had a significantly increased mortality rate compared with non-CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia, 30602-7387, USA
| | - Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adelina Junia Lourenço
- Hospital da Baleia, Benjamin Guimarães Foundation, 1464 Juramento, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30285-408, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Amormino Corsini
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alvim Pena de Miranda
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Raquel V R Vilela
- Hospital da Baleia, Benjamin Guimarães Foundation, 1464 Juramento, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30285-408, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 DW Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia, 30602-7387, USA
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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de Sousa Lacerda CM, Almeida NBF, Dos Santos VCF, Plentz F, de Andrade ASR. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: DNA aptamer selection for the 3ABC protein. Virus Res 2023; 323:199008. [PMID: 36414190 PMCID: PMC10194325 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating livestock disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family. The 3ABC is a non-structural protein of FMDV, produced during viral replication and absent from inactivated FMD vaccines. Nucleic acid aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides capable of binding with high specificity and affinity to a molecular target. The aim of this study was to obtain DNA aptamers specific for 3ABC protein with a view of their application in the FMD diagnosis. Aptamers are usually obtained through SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) procedure. In this study, an aptamer (termed FMDV1) was selected by a variation of this technique called Capillary Electrophoresis SELEX (CE-SELEX). The FMDV1 aptamer showed high binding affinity to the 3ABC protein with Kd value in the nano molar range: 22.69 ± 1.79 nM. The FMDV1 aptamer binding to 3ABC was significantly higher when compared with the BSA protein, used as control, demonstrating its specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maria de Sousa Lacerda
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Viviane Cristina Fernandes Dos Santos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Flávio Plentz
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil; MedicOnChip, Parque Tecnológico de Belo Horizonte-BH-TEC, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Campos GRF, Almeida NBF, Filgueiras PS, Corsini CA, Gomes SVC, de Miranda DAP, de Assis JV, de Souza Silva TB, Alves PA, da Rocha Fernandes G, de Oliveira JG, Rahal P, Grenfell RFQ, Nogueira ML. Booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac improves neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Commun Med (Lond) 2022; 2:76. [PMID: 35784447 PMCID: PMC9242982 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which is known to have a large number of mutations when compared to other variants, brought to light the concern about vaccine escape, especially from the neutralization by antibodies induced by vaccination. Methods Based on viral microneutralization assays, we evaluated in 90 individuals the impact on antibody neutralization induction, against Omicron variant, by a booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine after the CoronaVac primary vaccination scheme. Results Here we show that the percentage of seroconverted individuals 30 and 60 days after CoronaVac scheme was 16.6% and 10%, respectively. After booster dose administration, the seroconvertion rate increased to 76.6%. The neutralization mean titer against Omicron in the CoronaVac protocol decreased over time, but after the booster dose, the mean titer increased 43.1 times. Conclusions These results indicate a positive impact of this vaccine combination in the serological immune response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The high transmission rates of SARS-CoV-2 favor the appearance of variants of the virus bearing a high number of changes in the genetic material, such as the Omicron variant. These changes might impact the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we evaluated the ability, of a highly adopted vaccination scheme in Brazil, of producing neutralizing antibodies, proteins present in the human body that bind to the virus and prevent infection, against the Omicron variant. This scheme consisted in two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine followed by an additional dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Our analysis showed that, before the additional dose, the number of individuals presenting neutralizing antibodies against Omicron was low and decreased over time. However, the production of neutralizing antibodies increased significantly after the BNT162b2 dose. Our findings support that this vaccination scheme improves the neutralization of Omicron. Campos et al. assessed the impact of a booster dose of BNT162b2 on antibody neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, following two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine. Neutralization mean titers against Omicron decrease over time following two doses of CoronaVac but increase again after the BNT162b2 booster, as does seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R F Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla Soares Filgueiras
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Amormino Corsini
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sarah Vieira Contin Gomes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alvim Pena de Miranda
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Vieira de Assis
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Bárbara de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Alves
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto Rene Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Rocha Fernandes
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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Almeida NBF, Fantone KM, Sarr D, Grenfell RFQ, Rada B. In vitro assessment of neutrophil response to proteins and antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.50.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a worldwide epidemic of respiratory disease (COVID-19). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been associated with severe COVID-19. Activation of neutrophils have been linked to ARDS in COVID-19. While emerging results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 leads to neutrophil activation, it remains unknown which components of the virus are responsible for this. We assessed in vitro how the spike (S) protein and anti-spike antibodies affect neutrophils. Human neutrophils were isolated from healthy donors. Different concentrations of recombinant S protein, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced against the S protein and their immunocomplex were used to stimulate neutrophils. Unstimulated and PMA-treated neutrophils were used as negative and positive controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by Diogenes chemiluminescence, and cell death was measured by fluorescence. While no significant increase of cell death was observed, neutrophils responded with a dose-dependent increase in the production of ROS when stimulated with either the S protein or the mAb. Neutrophils produced significantly (p<0.05) more ROS when activated by 1,000 ng of the mAb. Immune complex stimulation (1,000 ng each component) of human neutrophils also lead to significantly (p<0.005) enhanced ROS production compared to stimulations by the protein or the mAb alone. Neutrophil cell death was also significantly enhanced when stimulated by the immune complex (500 ng and 1,000 ng each component) (p<0.05, p<0.005, respectively). Our work indicates that the S protein and its immune complex formed with mAb could stimulate neutrophils in vitro and contribute to neutrophil-mediated tissue damage in COVID-19 patients.
Supported by grants from: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, International Graduate Programme (PrInt FIOCRUZ-CAPES), University of Georgia and NIH.
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Silva-Moraes V, Shollenberger LM, Castro-Borges W, Rabello ALT, Harn DA, Medeiros LCS, Jeremias WDJ, Siqueira LMV, Pereira CSS, Pedrosa MLC, Almeida NBF, Almeida A, Lambertucci JR, Carneiro NFDF, Coelho PMZ, Grenfell RFQ. Serological proteomic screening and evaluation of a recombinant egg antigen for the diagnosis of low-intensity Schistosoma mansoni infections in endemic area in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006974. [PMID: 30870412 PMCID: PMC6472831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite decades of use of control programs, schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem. To further reduce prevalence and intensity of infection, or to achieve the goal of elimination in low-endemic areas, there needs to be better diagnostic tools to detect low-intensity infections in low-endemic areas in Brazil. The rationale for development of new diagnostic tools is that the current standard test Kato-Katz (KK) is not sensitive enough to detect low-intensity infections in low-endemic areas. In order to develop new diagnostic tools, we employed a proteomics approach to identify biomarkers associated with schistosome-specific immune responses in hopes of developing sensitive and specific new methods for immunodiagnosis. Methods and findings Immunoproteomic analyses were performed on egg extracts of Schistosoma mansoni using pooled sera from infected or non-infected individuals from a low-endemic area of Brazil. Cross reactivity with other soil-transmitted helminths (STH) was determined using pooled sera from individuals uniquely infected with different helminths. Using this approach, we identified 23 targets recognized by schistosome acute and chronic sera samples. To identify immunoreactive targets that were likely glycan epitopes, we compared these targets to the immunoreactivity of spots treated with sodium metaperiodate oxidation of egg extract. This treatment yielded 12/23 spots maintaining immunoreactivity, suggesting that they were protein epitopes. From these 12 spots, 11 spots cross-reacted with sera from individuals infected with other STH and 10 spots cross-reacted with the negative control group. Spot number 5 was exclusively immunoreactive with sera from S. mansoni-infected groups in native and deglycosylated conditions and corresponds to Major Egg Antigen (MEA). We expressed MEA as a recombinant protein and showed a similar recognition pattern to that of the native protein via western blot. IgG-ELISA gave a sensitivity of 87.10% and specificity of 89.09% represented by area under the ROC curve of 0.95. IgG-ELISA performed better than the conventional KK (2 slides), identifying 56/64 cases harboring 1–10 eggs per gram of feces that were undiagnosed by KK parasitological technique. Conclusions The serological proteome approach was able to identify a new diagnostic candidate. The recombinant egg antigen provided good performance in IgG-ELISA to detect individuals with extreme low-intensity infections (1 egg per gram of feces). Therefore, the IgG-ELISA using this newly identified recombinant MEA can be a useful tool combined with other techniques in low-endemic areas to determine the true prevalence of schistosome infection that is underestimated by the KK method. Further, to overcome the complexity of ELISA in the field, a second generation of antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) can be developed. Schistosomiasis remains a serious global public health problem. Detecting parasite eggs in patient stool samples using the KK method is the standard diagnostic recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for infection by S. mansoni. As a result of intensive control strategies, many previously high-endemic areas are now considered low-endemic areas and the KK method does not function well in low-endemic areas and therefore cannot be considered the gold standard. Thus, a new emphasis on strategies to accurately diagnose low-intensity infections was outlined in a plan from the WHO focusing on elimination of disease as a public health problem. Successful diagnoses and treatment of infected individuals may result in eradication of low-burden transmitters and consequently contribute to interruption of disease transmission. In this regard, immunological techniques have proven to be more sensitive and promising for identifying low-intensity infections where KK may be negative. The identification of antigens is the initial step for developing new immunodiagnostic assays. In this study, we used sets of pooled human sera samples from controls with acute and chronic infections to identify new target antigens via proteomic screening. Using these approaches, we initially identified 12 different egg proteins in S. mansoni-infected individuals (acute and chronic phase). A single antigen, identified as MEA, was shown to be highly specific as this antigen was not recognized by sera from negative patients or patients infected with other STH. The recombinant MEA protein functioned in an ELISA as a highly sensitive and specific antigen to detect patient IgG-antibodies. Recombinant MEA performed significantly better to detect low-intensity infections (1 egg per gram of feces) than the KK method using 2 slides. Therefore, we were able to use a proteomic screening approach to identify a potential new candidate antigen for development of far more sensitive diagnostic assays. Further diagnostic assays employing the MEA could be useful tools on their own or in combination with other methods for diagnosis of schistosome infection in populations living in extreme low-intensity endemic areas of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva-Moraes
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Marie Shollenberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - William Castro-Borges
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteomica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Teles Rabello
- Grupo de Pesquisas Clínicas e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Donald A. Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Wander de Jesus Jeremias
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Maria Vidal Siqueira
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caroline Stephane Salviano Pereira
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Luysa Camargos Pedrosa
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aureo Almeida
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua interação com o hospedeiro, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Coelho PMZ, Siqueira LMV, Grenfell RFQ, Almeida NBF, Katz N, Almeida Á, Carneiro NFDF, Oliveira E. Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004778. [PMID: 27326453 PMCID: PMC4915691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate diagnostic techniques for schistosomiasis are essential for prevalence determination and identification of positive patients. A point-of-care test for detecting schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) has been evaluated for its accuracy in different endemic regions. This reagent strip/dipstick based assay has showed high sensitivity for individuals with high or moderate worm burden, but the interpretation of light infections is less clear, especially for trace readings. Methodology/Principal Findings We introduced a urine lyophilization step to the POC-CCA assay to improve its sensitivity and clarify the interpretation of traces. We evaluated POC-CCA sensitivity and specificity within individuals with low parasite burdens in a Brazilian endemic area where a high number of traces were detected. Patients that were positive for other helminths were also evaluated for cross reactions. In all cases, a combined parasitological diagnosis using Kato-Katz (24 slides) and Saline Gradient (1 g of feces) were used as reference. At baseline, diagnosis by POC-CCA (1–2 cassettes) showed 6% sensitivity, inaccurately predicting a low prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections (2 POC-CCA positives/32 egg positives). After urine lyophilization, the sensitivity was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Prevalence rates changed from 2% to 32% (27 POC-CCA positives/32 egg positives), equivalent to parasitological techniques. Most of the trace readings changed to positive after lyophilization while some negatives turned into traces. Cross reaction analysis confirmed the specificity of POC-CCA. Conclusions/Significance Trace readings cannot be primarily defined as positive or negative cases. It is critical to verify case-by-case by concentrating urine 10 fold by lyophilization for the diagnosis. Following lyophilization, persistent trace readings should be read as negatives. No trained technician is needed and cost is restricted to the cost of a lyophilizer and the electricity to run it. Schistosomiasis mansoni is a relevant disease affecting millions of individuals in different countries, in particular countries in Africa, and Brazil. Diagnosis performed by Kato-Katz technique for the detection of eggs in stool and a point-of-care test for circulating cathodic antigen detection in urine (POC-CCA) has been evaluated. Both methods have decreased sensitivity when diagnosing patients with low parasite burdens, which can lead to infected individuals not receiving treatment. Here, we focused on interpretation of POC-CCA results in persons with low parasite burdens. We noted a high number (49%) of indeterminate results, including false negatives and trace readings. A urine concentration step was included to improve the test’s sensitivity. Important differences on sensitivity and prevalence rates were noted when comparing diagnosis by POC-CCA before and after urine concentration. Notably, indeterminate results were easily defined after introduction of this step. Cross reaction analysis confirmed the specificity of POC-CCA, with exceptions noted for individuals with hookworm infection. In conclusion, trace readings cannot be primarily defined as positive or negative cases. It is imperative to analyze each case individually by concentrating urine prior to the introduction of treatment, instead of relying on a point-of-care test with indeterminate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Liliane Maria Vidal Siqueira
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Naftale Katz
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Áureo Almeida
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Edward Oliveira
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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