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Linares-Pineda TM, Peña-Montero N, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Lima-Rubio F, Sánchez-Pozo A, Tinahones FJ, Molina-Vega M, Picón-César MJ, Morcillo S. Epigenome wide association study in peripheral blood of pregnant women identifies potential metabolic pathways related to gestational diabetes. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2211369. [PMID: 37192269 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2211369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of developing metabolic disorders in both pregnant women and their offspring. Factors such as nutrition or the intrauterine environment may play an important role, through epigenetic mechanisms, in the development of GDM. The aim of this work is to identify epigenetic marks involved in the mechanisms or pathways related to gestational diabetes. A total of 32 pregnant women were selected, 16 of them with GDM and 16 non-GDM. DNA methylation pattern was obtained from Illumina Methylation Epic BeadChip, from peripheral blood samples at the diagnostic visit (26-28 weeks). Differential methylated positions (DMPs) were extracted using ChAMP and limma package in R 2.9.10, with a threshold of FDR <0.05, deltabeta >|5|% and B >0. A total of 1.141 DMPs were found, and 714 were annotated in genes. A functional analysis was performed, and we found 23 genes significantly related to carbohydrate metabolism. Finally, a total of 27 DMPs were correlated with biochemical variables such as glucose levels at different points of oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose, cholesterol, HOMAIR and HbA1c, at different visits during pregnancy and postpartum. Our results show that there is a differentiated methylation pattern between GDM and non-GDM. Furthermore, the genes annotated to the DMPs could be implicated in the development of GDM as well as in alterations in related metabolic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa María Linares-Pineda
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular 2, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea Peña-Montero
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Lima-Rubio
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Pozo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular 2, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Picón-César
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Obesidad, diabetes y sus comorbilidades: prevención y tratamiento, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-Valero A, Peña-Montero N, Lima-Rubio F, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Linares-Pineda TM, Picón-César MJ, Sancho-Marín R, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S, Molina-Vega M. Changes in Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Permeability during Pregnancy in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin or Insulin and Healthy Controls: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1981. [PMID: 38001834 PMCID: PMC10669428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Both oxidative stress and intestinal permeability are increased in hyperglycemic situations and have been shown to be reduced by metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of metformin on oxidative stress and intestinal permeability in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with metformin compared to those treated with insulin and healthy controls. A total of 120 women were included from August 2016 to February 2022: 41 received metformin (MET group), 38 received insulin (INS group), and 41 were healthy controls. Baseline and antenatal visits were carried out at 25.4 ± 4.8 and 36.1 ± 0.8 weeks of pregnancy, respectively. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and zonulin levels were measured at every visit. Zonulin levels from baseline to prepartum visit increased significantly in both healthy controls (0.6 ± 0.9 to 1.2 ± 1.7 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and the INS group (0.4 ± 0.3 to 0.6 ± 0.5 ng/mL, p = 0.034) but did not significantly change in the MET group (0.4 ± 0.4 to 0.5 ± 0.4 ng/mL, p = 0.202). However, TAC and AOPP levels significantly increased in women with GDM, both in the INS and MET groups but not in the healthy controls. In conclusion, in our population, metformin has been shown to avoid an increase in intestinal permeability but failed to avoid an increase in oxidative stress related to hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fernández-Valero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (M.M.-V.)
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Málaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nerea Peña-Montero
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Lima-Rubio
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa María Linares-Pineda
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Picón-César
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (M.M.-V.)
| | - Raquel Sancho-Marín
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (M.M.-V.)
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Málaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (M.M.-V.)
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain (M.M.-V.)
- Laboratory of the Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Cantarero-Cuenca A, González-Jiménez A, Linares-Pineda T, Peña-Montero N, Ocaña-Wilhelmi L, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S. Epigenetic Marks as Predictors of Metabolic Response to Bariatric Surgery: Validation from an Epigenome Wide Association Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14778. [PMID: 37834223 PMCID: PMC10572880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the potential role of epigenetic marks as predictors of the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities after bariatric surgery. In this study, 20 patients were classified according to the metabolic improvement observed 6 months after sleeve gastrectomy, based on the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, into responders if metabolic syndrome reversed after bariatric surgery (n = 10) and non-responders if they had metabolic syndrome bariatric surgery (n = 10). Blood DNA methylation was analyzed at both study points using the Infinium Methylation EPIC Bead Chip array-based platform. Twenty-six CpG sites and their annotated genes, which were previously described to be associated with metabolic status, were evaluated. Cg11445109 and cg19469447 (annotated to Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene) were significantly more hypomethylated in the responder group than in the non-responder group at both study points, whilst cg25828445 (annotated to Nucleolar Protein Interacting With The FHA Domain Of MKI67 Pseudogene 3 (NIFKP3) gene) showed to be significantly more hypermethylated in the non-responder group compared to the responder group at both study points. The analysis of the methylation sites annotated to the associated genes showed that CYP2E1 had 40% of the differentially methylated CpG sites, followed by Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Beta 1 (HLA-DRB1) (33.33%) and Zinc Finger Protein, FOG Family Member 2 (ZFPM2) (26.83%). Cg11445109, cg19469447 and cg25828445 could have a role in the prediction of metabolic status and potential value as biomarkers of response to bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (T.L.-P.); (N.P.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cantarero-Cuenca
- ECAI Bioinformática, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Andrés González-Jiménez
- ECAI Bioinformática, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (A.G.-J.)
| | - Teresa Linares-Pineda
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (T.L.-P.); (N.P.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nerea Peña-Montero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (T.L.-P.); (N.P.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña-Wilhelmi
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (T.L.-P.); (N.P.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (T.L.-P.); (N.P.-M.); (F.J.T.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Linares-Pineda T, Peña-Montero N, Fragoso-Bargas N, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Lima-Rubio F, Suarez-Arana M, Sánchez-Pozo A, Tinahones FJ, Molina-Vega M, Picón-César MJ, Sommer C, Morcillo S. Epigenetic marks associated with gestational diabetes mellitus across two time points during pregnancy. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:110. [PMID: 37415231 PMCID: PMC10324212 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An adverse intrauterine or periconceptional environment, such as hyperglycemia during pregnancy, can affect the DNA methylation pattern both in mothers and their offspring. In this study, we explored the epigenetic profile in maternal peripheral blood samples through pregnancy to find potential epigenetic biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as candidate genes involved in GDM development. We performed an epigenome-wide association study in maternal peripheral blood samples in 32 pregnant women (16 with GDM and 16 non-GDM) at pregnancy week 24-28 and 36-38. Biochemical, anthropometric, and obstetrical variables were collected from all the participants. The main results were validated in an independent cohort with different ethnic origin (European = 307; South Asians = 165). Two hundred and seventy-two CpGs sites remained significantly different between GDM and non-GDM pregnant women across two time points during pregnancy. The significant CpG sites were related to pathways associated with type I diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and secretion. Cg01459453 (SELP gene) was the most differentiated in the GDM group versus non-GDM (73.6 vs. 60.9, p = 1.06E-11; FDR = 7.87E-06). Three CpG sites (cg01459453, cg15329406, and cg04095097) were able to discriminate between GDM cases and controls (AUC = 1; p = 1.26E-09). Three differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were replicated in an independent cohort. To conclude, epigenetic marks during pregnancy differed between GDM cases and controls suggesting a role for these genes in GDM development. Three CpGs were able to discriminate GDM and non-GDM groups with high specificity and sensitivity, which may be biomarker candidates for diagnosis or prediction of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Linares-Pineda
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular 2, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea Peña-Montero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nicolás Fragoso-Bargas
- Department of Endocrinology Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Lima-Rubio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Suarez-Arana
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Pozo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular 2, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Picón-César
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA_Plataforma Bionand, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29029, Madrid, Spain.
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Linares-Pineda TM, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Peña-Montero N, Molina-Vega M, Rubio FL, Arana MS, Tinahones FJ, Picón-César MJ, Morcillo S. Higher β cell death in pregnant women, measured by DNA methylation patterns of cell-free DNA, compared to new-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes subjects: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:115. [PMID: 37264478 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis in which β cell destruction occurs silently and is detected mainly when symptoms appear. In the last few years, it has emerged a great interest in developing markers capable of detecting pancreatic β cell death focused on improving early diagnosis and getting a better treatment response, mainly in type 1 diabetes. But other types of diabetes would also benefit from early detection of β cell death. Differentially methylated circulating DNA is being studied as minimally invasive biomarker of cell death. We aimed to explore whether the unmethylated/methylated ratio of the insulin and amylin genes might be a good biomarker of β cell death in different types of diabetes. A lower index ∆Ct indicates a higher rate of β-cell death. Plasma samples from subjects without diabetes, pregnant women, pregnant with gestational diabetes (GDM), type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes were analyzed. A qPCR reaction with specific primers for both methylated and unmethylated fragments of insulin and amylin genes were carried out. Pregnant women, GDM and non- GDM, showed a higher β-cell death for both markers (∆INS = 3.8 ± 2.1 and ∆Amylin = 8.5 ± 3.6), whereas T1D presented lower rate (∆INS = 6.2 ± 2.1 and ∆Amylin = 10.7 ± 2.9) comparable to healthy subjects. The insulin methylation index was associated with the newborn birth weight (r = 0.46; p = 0.033) and with insulin resistance (r = -0.533; p = 0.027) in the GDM group. The higher rate of β-cell death was observed in pregnant women independently of their metabolic status. These indexes could be a good indicator of β cell death in processes caused by defects on insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa María Linares-Pineda
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Peña-Montero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - María Molina-Vega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Lima Rubio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - María Suárez Arana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Picón-César
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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