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Konjević D, Sučec I, Turk N, Barbić L, Prpić J, Krapinec K, Bujanić M, Jemeršić L, Keros T. Epidemiology of Aujeszky disease in wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) in Croatia. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:631-639. [PMID: 36319813 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aujeszky disease (AD) or pseudorabies is a viral disease of domestic and wild animals caused by the Suid alphaherpesvirus 1. In wild boar infection usually undergo latent phase but under certain conditions reactivation of the virus can result in a disease. Seroprevalence in wild boars ranges from 0.8 to 100%, and is among other influenced by region, type of management, age and sex of the studied animals. In this study we analyzed blood, lungs, olfactory bulbs and spleen from 222 free-living wild boars from different localities in Croatia and compared results obtained by ELISA with PCR, sex, age and locality. Total seroprevalence was 33.78%, ranging from 25.26% in males to 40.15% in females (p = 0.0346; χ2 = 4.47). According to the age categories prevalence was 10% in offspring, 27.53% in subadults, and 66.75% in adults. Seroprevalence in adult males (66.66%) and females (65.30%) was almost identical. In males, significantly lower seroprevalence was detected in offspring compared to subadults (χ2 = 4.07, p < 0.05) and adults (χ2 = 31.04; p < 0.05), and in subadults compared to adults (χ2 = 15.13; p < 0.0001). Among females, adults had a significantly higher prevalence compared to offspring (χ2 = 19.27; p < 0.0001) and subadults (χ2 = 8.62; p < 0.01). Analysis between counties revealed Sisačko-moslavačka county as a hot-spot for AD. None of the samples was positive for ADV antigens. The observed trend in prevalence points to the fact that the main transmission occurs during one part of the year (most probably the mating season). Also, triggers for virus reactivation might be more complex than previously thought, since none of our samples, collected during the mating and hunting season, was PCR positive. Finally, we can conclude that adult males represent the main transmission link between different wild boar groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Konjević
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - I Sučec
- Ministry of Agriculture, A. von Humboldta 4b, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Turk
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lj Barbić
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Prpić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Krapinec
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 23, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Bujanić
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - L Jemeršić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Keros
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska 143, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Domislovic V, Brinar M, Cukovic-Cavka S, Turk N, Mikolasevic I, Krznaric Z. Prevalence, predictors and age-related sexual and erectile dysfunction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A tertiary centre experience. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14486. [PMID: 34107145 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of sexuality and quality of life (QOL) is one of the main concerns of IBD. Despite the obvious relevance of this problem, knowledge of the extent of sexual dysfunction (SD) in IBD is limited. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SD and erectile dysfunction (ED), QOL their predictors, and their age-related dynamic in IBD patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 202 IBD patients [122 male, 80 female, 133 Crohn's disease (CD), 69 ulcerative colitis (UC)] fulfilled International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) or Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI). QOL was assessed using IBDQ-32 through bowel, systemic, emotional and social domains. RESULTS Prevalence of SD in men was 18%, ED 30.3% and SD in women 75%. Low QOL was present in 34.6% without gender difference (P = .253). In men, SD and ED were highest among 21-30 years and raising after 51 years of age. In women, SD was constantly highly prevalent, showing no decline over time. In multivariate analysis significant predictors of SD in men were CD phenotype, disease duration and emotional domain of IBDQ, of ED depression, emotional and bowel domain of IBDQ, and of SD in women emotional IBDQ domain. CONCLUSION Quality of sex life is a serious concern among IBD patients and is age related. Components that play a role in sexual functioning in IBD require more clarification and further development of screening and treatment guidelines for SD to provide better care in the IBD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Domislovic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Brinar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvija Cukovic-Cavka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niksa Turk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Burisch J, Vegh Z, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK, Lazar D, Goldis A, O'Morain C, Fernandez A, Pereira S, Myers S, Sebastian S, Pedersen N, Olse J, Rubek Nielsen K, Schwartz D, Odes S, Almer S, Halfvarson J, Turk N, Cukovic-Cavka S, Nikulina I, Belousova E, Duricova D, Bortlik M, Shonová O, Salupere R, Barros L, Magro F, Jonaitis L, Kupcinskas L, Turcan S, Kaimakliotis I, Ladefoged K, Kudsk K, Andersen V, Vind I, Thorsgaard N, Oksanen P, Collin P, Dal Piaz G, Santini A, Niewiadomski O, Bell S, Moum B, Arebi N, Kjeldsen J, Carlsen K, Langholz E, Lakatos PL, Munkholm P, Gerdes LU, Dahlerup JF. Occurrence of Anaemia in the First Year of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a European Population-based Inception Cohort-An ECCO-EpiCom Study. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1213-1222. [PMID: 28575481 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anaemia is an important complication of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and the practice of anaemia screening during the first year following diagnosis, in a European prospective population-based inception cohort. METHODS Newly diagnosed IBD patients were included and followed prospectively for 1 year in 29 European and one Australian centre. Clinical data including demographics, medical therapy, surgery and blood samples were collected. Anaemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS A total of 1871 patients (Crohn's disease [CD]: 686, 88%; ulcerative colitis [UC]: 1,021, 87%; IBD unclassified [IBDU] 164. 81%) were included in the study. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in CD than in UC patients and, overall, 49% of CD and 39% of UC patients experienced at least one instance of anaemia during the first 12 months after diagnosis. UC patients with more extensive disease and those from Eastern European countries, and CD patients with penetrating disease or colonic disease location, had higher risks of anaemia. CD and UC patients in need of none or only mild anti-inflammatory treatment had a lower risk of anaemia. In a significant proportion of patients, anaemia was not assessed until several months after diagnosis, and in almost half of all cases of anaemia a thorough work-up was not performed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 42% of patients had at least one instance of anaemia during the first year following diagnosis. Most patients were assessed for anaemia regularly; however, a full anaemia work-up was frequently neglected in this community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Burisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark
| | - Zsuzsanna Vegh
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Konstantinnos H Katsanos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Daniela Lazar
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Goldis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - Colm O'Morain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Santos Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Estrutura Organizativa de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sally Myers
- IBD Unit, Hull & East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | | | - Natalia Pedersen
- Gastroenterology Department, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jóngerð Olse
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Kári Rubek Nielsen
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Doron Schwartz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Selwyn Odes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sven Almer
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Niksa Turk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb,Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvja Cukovic-Cavka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb,Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inna Nikulina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Belousova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dana Duricova
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bortlik
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pharmacology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Shonová
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Ceské Budejovice, Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Riina Salupere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tartu University Hospital,Tartu, Estonia
| | - Louisa Barros
- Department of Medicine, Hospital de Vale de Sousa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oporto Medical School, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laimas Jonaitis
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Turcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | | | - Karin Ladefoged
- Medical Department, Dronning Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Karen Kudsk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Laboratory Center, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ida Vind
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Niels Thorsgaard
- Department of Medicine, Herning Central Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Pia Oksanen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Collin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Giulia Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento Medicina Specialistica Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale Morgagni - Pierantoni, Forlì, Italy
| | | | - Ola Niewiadomski
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally Bell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bjørn Moum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naila Arebi
- St Mark's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrine Carlsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre University Hospital,Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Langholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Univerisity Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Munkholm
- Department of Gastroenterology, North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Frederik Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Plesnar-Bielak A, Woch KR, Małszycki MA, Alkhawlany ATH, Hołysz A, Assis Correia JF, Turk N, Ugrin M, Kramarz P, Prokop ZM. Larval and adult nutrition effects on reproductive traits in the red flour beetle. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Plesnar-Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - K. R. Woch
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - M. A. Małszycki
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | | | - A. Hołysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | | | - N. Turk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - M. Ugrin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - P. Kramarz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Z. M. Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
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Turk Z, Sesto M, Skodlar J, Ferencak G, Pokupec R, Turk N, Stavljenić-Rukavina A. Products of advanced glycation in patients with type 2 diabetes and vascular disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 40:552-9. [PMID: 14503994 DOI: 10.1258/000456303322326489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-enzymatic glycation leading to advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation is thought to contribute to vascular pathology. In the present study, AGEs and anti-AGE antibodies in free and immune complex-bound form were assayed in the serum of diabetic (DMCAD) ( n = 69) and nondiabetic ( n = 78) patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in control subjects ( n = 47) free from vascular disease. Methods: A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test immunoreactivity against AGE epitope(s) and a competitive ELISA was used to measure total AGE content. Results: Anti-AGE immunoreactivity was significantly higher in diabetic than in control subjects ( P = 0.045). Although a wide range of anti-AGE antibody titres were observed in nondiabetic CAD patients, there was no significant difference from those of control subjects. Both diabetic and nondiabetic CAD patients had a higher concentration of circulating immune complexes containing the AGE moiety as antigen than did control subjects (DMCAD versus control, P = 0.041; CAD versus control, P = 0.047). Study patients showed a positive correlation between serum AGE and AGE-immune complexes (DM, r = 0.29, P = 0.014; CAD, r = 0.26, P = 0.019), whereas no such correlation was recorded in controls ( r = 0.08, P = 0.89). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating increased AGE-immune complexes in patients with CAD, either with or without diabetes, suggesting that AGE-immune complexes might be involved in the atherosclerotic process, either as the result of it or as part of the pathophysiologic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Croatia.
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Stritof Z, Habus J, Grizelj J, Koskovic Z, Barbic L, Stevanovic V, Tomic DH, Milas Z, Perharic M, Staresina V, Turk N. Two outbreaks of Salmonella Abortusequi abortion in mares in Croatia. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stritof Z, Habus J, Perko VM, Zdovc I, Majhut M, Lucic K, Turk N. First report of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis natural infections in horses in Croatia. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Burisch J, Vegh Z, Pedersen N, Cuković-Čavka S, Turk N, Kaimakliotis I, Duricova D, Bortlik M, Shonová O, Thorsgaard N, Krabbe S, Andersen V, Dahlerup JF, Kjeldsen J, Salupere R, Olsen J, Nielsen KR, Manninen P, Collin P, Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV, Ladefoged K, Ragnarsson G, Björnsson E, Bailey Y, O'Morain C, Schwartz D, Odes S, Politi P, Santini A, Kiudelis G, Kupcinskas L, Turcan S, Magro F, Barros L, Lazar D, Goldis A, Nikulina I, Belousova E, Sanromán L, Martinez-Ares D, Almer S, Zhulina Y, Halfvarson J, Arebi N, Houston Y, Sebastian S, Langholz E, Lakatos PL, Munkholm P. Health care and patients' education in a European inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort: an ECCO-EpiCom study. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:811-8. [PMID: 24439390 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The EpiCom study and inception cohort was initiated in 2010 in 31 centers from 14 Western and 8 Eastern European countries, covering a 10.1million person background population. Our aim was to investigate whether there is a difference between Eastern and Western Europe in health care and education of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS A quality of care (QoC) questionnaire was developed in the EpiCom group consisting of 16 questions covering 5 items: time interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis, information, education, empathy and access to health care providers. RESULTS Of 1,515 patients, 947 (217 east/730 west) answered the QoC questionnaire. Only 23% of all patients had knowledge about IBD before diagnosis. In Eastern Europe, significantly more patients searched out information about IBD themselves (77% vs. 68%, p<0.05), the main source was the Internet (92% vs. 88% p=0.23). In Western Europe, significantly more patients were educated by nurses (19% vs. 1%, p<0.05), while in Eastern Europe, gastroenterologists were easier to contact (80% vs. 68%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Health care differed significantly between Eastern and Western Europe in all items, but satisfaction rates were high in both geographic regions. Because of the low awareness and the rising incidence of IBD, general information should be the focus of patient organizations and medical societies. In Western Europe IBD nurses play a very important role in reducing the burden of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burisch
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Z Vegh
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - N Pedersen
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Cuković-Čavka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Turk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - D Duricova
- IBD Center ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Bortlik
- IBD Center ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Shonová
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - N Thorsgaard
- Department of Medicine, Herning Central Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - S Krabbe
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - V Andersen
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark; Medical Department, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J F Dahlerup
- Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark
| | - J Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Salupere
- Division of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Olsen
- Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - K R Nielsen
- Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P Manninen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Collin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K H Katsanos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - E V Tsianos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - K Ladefoged
- Medical Department, Dronning Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - G Ragnarsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Björnsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Y Bailey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Morain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Schwartz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - S Odes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - P Politi
- U.O. di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy; On behalf of the EpiCom Northern Italy Centre based in Crema & Cremona, Firenze, Forlì, Padova and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A Santini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; On behalf of the EpiCom Northern Italy Centre based in Crema & Cremona, Firenze, Forlì, Padova and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Kiudelis
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - L Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - S Turcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - F Magro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oporto Medical School, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Barros
- Hospital de Vale de Sousa, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Lazar
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - A Goldis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - I Nikulina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Belousova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Sanromán
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, Vigo, Spain
| | - D Martinez-Ares
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, Vigo, Spain
| | - S Almer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology/UHL, County council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Y Zhulina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Halfvarson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - N Arebi
- Sir Alan Park's Physiology Unit, St Mark's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Houston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hull & East Yorkshire HNS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - S Sebastian
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust & Hull and York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - E Langholz
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P L Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Munkholm
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Burisch J, Pedersen N, Cukovic-Cavka S, Turk N, Kaimakliotis I, Duricova D, Bortlik M, Shonová O, Vind I, Avnstrøm S, Thorsgaard N, Krabbe S, Andersen V, Dahlerup JF, Kjeldsen J, Salupere R, Olsen J, Nielsen KR, Manninen P, Collin P, Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV, Ladefoged K, Lakatos L, Ragnarsson G, Björnsson E, Bailey Y, O'Morain C, Schwartz D, Odes S, Giannotta M, Girardin G, Kiudelis G, Kupcinskas L, Turcan S, Barros L, Magro F, Lazar D, Goldis A, Nikulina I, Belousova E, Martinez-Ares D, Hernandez V, Almer S, Zhulina Y, Halfvarson J, Arebi N, Tsai HH, Sebastian S, Lakatos PL, Langholz E, Munkholm P. Environmental factors in a population-based inception cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients in Europe--an ECCO-EpiCom study. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:607-16. [PMID: 24315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Eastern Europe possibly due to changes in environmental factors towards a more "westernised" standard of living. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in exposure to environmental factors prior to diagnosis in Eastern and Western European IBD patients. METHODS The EpiCom cohort is a population-based, prospective inception cohort of 1560 unselected IBD patients from 31 European countries covering a background population of 10.1 million. At the time of diagnosis patients were asked to complete an 87-item questionnaire concerning environmental factors. RESULTS A total of 1182 patients (76%) answered the questionnaire, 444 (38%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 627 (53%) ulcerative colitis (UC), and 111 (9%) IBD unclassified. No geographic differences regarding smoking status, caffeine intake, use of oral contraceptives, or number of first-degree relatives with IBD were found. Sugar intake was higher in CD and UC patients from Eastern Europe than in Western Europe while fibre intake was lower (p<0.01). Daily consumption of fast food as well as appendectomy before the age of 20 was more frequent in Eastern European than in Western European UC patients (p<0.01). Eastern European CD and UC patients had received more vaccinations and experienced fewer childhood infections than Western European patients (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this European population-based inception cohort of unselected IBD patients, Eastern and Western European patients differed in environmental factors prior to diagnosis. Eastern European patients exhibited higher occurrences of suspected risk factors for IBD included in the Western lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burisch
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - N Pedersen
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Cukovic-Cavka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Turk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - D Duricova
- IBD Center ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Bortlik
- IBD Center ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Shonová
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - I Vind
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hospital, Amager, Denmark
| | - S Avnstrøm
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hospital, Amager, Denmark
| | - N Thorsgaard
- Department of Medicine, Herning Central Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - S Krabbe
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - V Andersen
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark; Organ Centre, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J F Dahlerup
- Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark
| | - J Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Salupere
- Division of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Olsen
- Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - K R Nielsen
- Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P Manninen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Collin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K H Katsanos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - E V Tsianos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - K Ladefoged
- Medical Department, Dronning Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - L Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Ragnarsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Björnsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Y Bailey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Morain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Schwartz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - S Odes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - M Giannotta
- Gastroenterology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Girardin
- U.O. Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera - Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Kiudelis
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - L Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - S Turcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - L Barros
- Hospital de Vale de Sousa, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Magro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oporto Medical School, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Lazar
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - A Goldis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - I Nikulina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Belousova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D Martinez-Ares
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - V Hernandez
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - S Almer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology/UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Y Zhulina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Halfvarson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - N Arebi
- St. Mark's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H H Tsai
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull and York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - S Sebastian
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull and York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - P L Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Langholz
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Munkholm
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cuković-Cavka S, Vucelić B, Urek MC, Brinar M, Turk N. [The role of anti-TNF therapy in ulcerative colitis]. Acta Med Croatica 2013; 67:171-177. [PMID: 24471300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-TNF-alfa molecules are currently being used to treat ulcerative colitis regarding to the fact that TNF-alpha has an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Although these drugs improved the therapy of patients, immunogenicity limits their potential for clinical use. Infliximab and adalimumab are effective for induction and maintenance of remission in outpatients with moderate to severe steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Biologics can be a drug of choice for patients with refractory proctitis and refractory pouchitis. In hospitalized patients with steroid-resistant severe ulcerative colitis who are candidates for colectomy, infliximab may be second-line option. Adequate long-term maintenance therapy with anti-TNF is required after rescue therapy for a sustained benefit. Regarding to the known risk for side-effects of anti-TNF drugs especially in patients concomitantly treated with thiopurines it is urgent future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Cuković-Cavka
- Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb, Medicinski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Zavod za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju, Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti, Zagreb, Hrvatska.
| | - Boris Vucelić
- Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb, Medicinski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Zavod za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju, Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti, Zagreb, Hrvatska
| | - Marija Crncević Urek
- Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb, Medicinski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Zavod za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju, Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti, Zagreb, Hrvatska
| | - Marko Brinar
- Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb, Medicinski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Zavod za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju, Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti, Zagreb, Hrvatska
| | - Niksa Turk
- Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb, Medicinski fakultet Sveucilista u Zagrebu, Zavod za gastroenterologiju i hepatologiju, Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti, Zagreb, Hrvatska
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Turk R, Juretić D, Geres D, Svetina A, Turk N, Flegar-Mestrić Z. Influence of oxidative stress and metabolic adaptation on PON1 activity and MDA level in transition dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 108:98-106. [PMID: 17850995 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum PON1 is a HDL-associated enzyme that protects lipoproteins, both LDL and HDL, against oxidation and it is considered as an antioxidative/anti-inflammatory component of HDL. Dairy cows are highly susceptible to oxidative stress which commonly occurs in late pregnancy and early lactation. During the transition period, increased production of reactive oxygen species is associated to processes of metabolic adaptation to a low-energy balance. We investigated serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration to assess the antioxidative/prooxidative status during pregnancy and the postpartum period. In order to evaluate metabolic homeostasis, common metabolic parameters (glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and albumin concentrations) were determined as well. A significantly lower PON1 activity was found in late pregnancy and early postpartum (P<0.05) compared to the first and the second trimester of pregnancy and the mid-lactation. MDA level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the dry period compared to pregnant lactating and postpartum cows. Serum glucose concentration (P<0.001) was lower in the early and late puerperium indicating low-energy balance in the early lactation. Serum triglyceride and albumin concentrations were lower in late puerperium (P<0.001), while total cholesterol and HDL-C were lower during the dry period (P<0.05) as well as in early postpartum (P<0.001). Significant correlations of PON1 activity with glucose (P<0.05), albumin (P<0.05), total cholesterol (P<0.001) and HDL-C (P<0.001) were also found. The observed lower serum PON1 activity and higher MDA level in late pregnancy and early postpartum could indicate a prooxidants/antioxidants imbalance influenced by reproductive stress and metabolic adaptation in the transition period of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Turk N, Kastelan D, Cukovic-Cavka S, Kraljevic I, Korsic M, Vucelic B. Discriminatory ability of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in the assessment of bone status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007; 33:863-9. [PMID: 17434664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of bone disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires frequent monitoring of skeletal status and, for that reason, evaluation of radiation-free technology is an issue of interest. Our objective was to appraise the parameters of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS): broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and stiffness index (QUI), and establish their t-score values to investigate discriminatory ability of QUS in IBD patients with metabolic bone disease. The study included 126 patients (Crohn's disease [n = 94] and ulcerative colitis [n = 32]), and 228 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Bone status was evaluated on the same day by calcaneal QUS and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at spine (L1-L4) and total hip. All QUS measurements were lower in patients compared with healthy controls (BUA p < 0.001; SOS p < 0.001; QUI p < 0.001) and correlated significantly but inversely with disease duration (r = -0.3, p = 0.002). There was no difference with respect to type of disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) or corticosteroid therapy. All three QUS t-scores were significantly lower in patients who had previously sustained fragile fractures (n = 28) than in those without fracture in their history (n = 98) (t-scores: BUA -2.0 vs. -1.3, p = 0.008; SOS -2.1 vs. -1.4, p = 0.02: QUI -2.3 vs. -1.5, p = 0.009). Axial DXA was not significantly different between the fracture and nonfracture patients (-1.7 vs. -1.2, p = 0.1), whereas total hip DXA showed a discriminatory power between the two (-1.6 vs. -0.7, p = 0.001). Patients with t-score < -1.0 scanned by DXA were classified as bone disease. The sensitivity of QUS to identify bone disease was 93% and specificity 63%. The sensitivity of QUS to detect osteopenia was 84% and 72% for osteoporosis. Alternatively, lower negative QUS t-score cutoff <or= -1.8 identified 83% of osteoporosis at lumbar spine and 100% at total hip. All three QUS variables had t-scores less than -1.8 when osteoporosis was detected at both spine and hip. However, the subgroup of IBD patients with QUI t-score cutoff <or= -1.8 still included 26% of individuals with normal bone status. Calcaneal QUS measurements may identify patients with IBD who are at a higher risk of fracture independently of DXA measurements. However, QUS showed poor agreement with bone status scanned by DXA and a low discriminatory power between osteopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Turk
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Department of Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Turk R, Juretić D, Geres D, Turk N, Rekić B, Simeon-Rudolf V, Robić M, Svetina A. Serum paraoxonase activity in dairy cows during pregnancy. Res Vet Sci 2005; 79:15-8. [PMID: 15894019 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preparturient dairy cows are at high risk of metabolic and reproductive disorders and oxidative stress is considered to be involved in these events. We investigated the serum paraoxonase activity in dairy cows during pregnancy and alterations in lipid and lipoprotein patterns in this period. The relation between paraoxonase activity and HDL-cholesterol concentration was also compared. The study was carried out on 76 pregnant lactating and 26 pregnant dry Holstein dairy cows. The serum paraoxonase activity was determined by the method of hydrolysing of paraoxon, while triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured by the enzymatic kit methods. A significantly higher serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.001) was observed in dry cows compared to lactating cows. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.001) in dry cows than in lactating ones. In dry cows, paraoxonase activity was significantly lower than in those lactating (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in paraoxonase/HDL-cholesterol ratio between the investigated groups. It seems that the lower HDL concentration could be one of the causes of reduced paraoxonase activity considering the role of HDL as a carrier of most paraoxonase molecules in the blood. A decreased serum paraoxonase activity could diminish the effectiveness and total capacity of the whole antioxidative system during prepartum period in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty Veterinary of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 466, Zagreb 10002, Croatia.
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Abstract
The matricellular protein SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)/osteonectin was determined in patients with multiple myeloma and related disease to assess the hypothesized role of SPARC as a possible marker of tumor burden and disease progression. Soluble SPARC was measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma of 42 patients, including sequential measurements in individual patients, and in 20 healthy controls. SPARC values were heterogeneous in multiple myeloma patients showing a decline from baseline levels recorded in controls (456+/-195 vs 600+/-63 ng/ml, p=0.00023). A SPARC showed a significant positive correlation with platelet count (r=0.72, p=0.000000, n=42), hemoglobin (r=0.52, p=0.00037, n=42), and IgG level (r=0.43, p=0.0085, n=42) and negative correlation with beta(2)-microglobulin (r=-0.46, p=0.0023, n=42), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r=-0.42, p=0.0061, n=41), interleukin (IL)-6 (r=-0.41, p=0.008, n=42), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r=-0.36, p=0.02, n=41), and percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow aspirate (r=-0.34, p=0.029, n=42). No correlation was found between SPARC and "M" component or disease stage. Investigations performed during the course of disease, including sequential measurements in individual patients, showed a trend to downregulation by disease progression, with the lowest level recorded in the terminal stage (217+/-107 ng/ml, n=11). Patients with established osteolytic lesions had lower plasma SPARC at diagnosis (309+/-197 vs 581+/-293, p=0.021), which correlated with osteocalcin by disease progression (r=0.31, p=0.026). The results of this pilot study revealed abnormalities in the level of humoral SPARC in multiple myeloma and an overall trend to downregulation in the advanced stage of the disease. The regulation of SPARC seems to be opposite to the markers of tumor burden and of aggressive multiple myeloma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niksa Turk
- Department of Hematology, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Turk N, Mornar A, Mrzljak V, Turk Z. Urinary excretion of advanced glycation endproducts in patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of proteinuria. Diabetes Metab 2004; 30:187-92. [PMID: 15223992 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to detect AGE-immunoreactive proteins in urine, and to evaluate AGE excretion at various stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes assessed by the level of proteinuria. METHODS AGEs were measured in 24-h urine collection of patients with normoalbuminuria (N) (n=22), microalbuminuria (Mi) (n=31), macroalbuminuria (Ma) (n=28), and overt proteinuria with elevated serum creatinine level (PC) (n=25). A competitive ELISA with polyclonal anti-AGE antibodies was used to monitor AGE excretion. RESULTS Multiple comparison of urine AGE content among various stages of proteinuria showed significant differences (summary p<0.000). Fifty percent of samples from the group of normoalbuminuric, and only 15% of samples from the group of microalbuminuria patients were AGE negative. However, there was no significant difference in AGE excretion between the patients with persistent proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine, and those with macroalbuminuria (PC vs Ma, p=0.265). None of the samples from these two groups of patients with highest AGE content in 24-h urine was negative for AGE-immunoreactivity. In addition, the ratio between 24-h urinary AGEs and urinary albumin excretion was calculated to determine whether total 24-h urinary AGE content is an index of the toxic form of albumin released in the course of diabetic nephropathy. The ratio values were log-transformed and bivariate comparison showed significant differences between the N vs Mi (p=0.006) and Mi vs Ma (p=0.000) groups. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.407) between values in the Ma and PC groups of patients. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated a relationship of urinary AGE-immunoreactivity with creatinine clearance values (r=0.52, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the presence of AGE-immunoreactivity in the urine of diabetic patients with various stages of proteinuria. Study results pointed to creatinine clearance as the main predictor of AGE excretion. Therefore, the measurement of urinary AGE appears to offer limited extra information in patients with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Turk
- Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Turk R, Juretic D, Geres D, Turk N, Rekic B, Simeon-Rudolf V, Svetina A. Serum paraoxonase activity and lipid parameters in the early postpartum period of dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2004; 76:57-61. [PMID: 14659730 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of early lactation on serum paraoxonase activity was studied on 21 postpartum dairy cows and 19 non-pregnant late lactating dairy cows. A significant decrease of the paraoxonase activity was found in the early postpartum period compared to the late non-pregnant lactation. The serum triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration were also markedly reduced during the postpartum period, while the serum HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significant change. The results indicate that lower serum paraoxonase activity is associated with lipid metabolic disorders in the early postpartum period. A decreased serum paraoxonase activity may lead to the reduction of the antioxidative capacity and antioxidative protection during the early postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Turk N, Kusec R, Dominis M, Marusić-Vrsalović M, Jaksić B. [Occurrence of chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia in Hodgkin's disease: case report]. Lijec Vjesn 2003; 125:184-7. [PMID: 14692092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a female patient (79 years) with pathohistologic diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (stage IIIB, histologic type MC) for which she was treated with chemotherapy according to LVPP protocol (6 cycles) with good therapeutic response. Unexpectedly, 18 months after HL diagnosis leukocytosis occurred (19.4 x 10(9)/L) with 65% of lymphocytes with lymphoplasmocytic differentiation. Immunophenotype of these cells is typical for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (CD5/CD19+, CD23-, CD38 +/-; with weak expression of monoclonal light chains lambda). Molecular analysis confirmed clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) rearrangement of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The diagnosis of B-CLL imposed the question of the connection between two neoplasms of lymphocytic origin. Molecular analysis of lymph node biopsy taken at the time of lymphoma diagnosis revealed clonal population of B lymphocytes. That test undeniably proved coexistence of both diseases from the beginning. The latest PCR analysis of archive peripheral blood smears confirmed B lymphocyte clonality without diagnostic criteria for lymphoproliferative disease of CLL type. This finding etiologically excludes secondary leukemia. The possibility of untypical presentation of CLL in transformation to Richter's syndrome with morphologic characteristics of HL from the beginning stays unconfirmed. The hypothetical question that remains unanswered is: "Was it one disease in different clinical forms?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Niksa Turk
- Klinika za unutarnje bolesti, Odjel hematologije KB Merkur, Zajceva 19, 10 000 Zagreb
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Pokupec R, Kalauz M, Turk N, Turk Z. Advanced glycation endproducts in human diabetic and non-diabetic cataractous lenses. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003; 241:378-84. [PMID: 12698254 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-002-0616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2002] [Revised: 11/28/2002] [Accepted: 12/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation is thought to contribute to aging and cataract formation in the lens. In this study, we evaluated AGE immunoreactivity in human diabetic (n=14) and nondiabetic (n=31) cataractous lenses in relation to high-molecular-weight (HMW) protein content, which is believed to contribute to the onset of cataract. METHODS AGE immunoreactivity was detected in alkali-soluble individual lens samples. Competitive ELISA with polyclonal anti-AGE antibody was performed to estimate AGEs. SDS-PAGE was used to detect changes in lens protein composition on the basis of molecular size. RESULTS Regression analysis of data from nondiabetic lenses showed a significant correlation between lens AGE content and patient age (r=0.665, P<0.001). The curve exhibited exponential regression ( y=0.272.e(0.025x)). The level of nonspecified AGEs measured in diabetic lenses showed an overall increase compared with nondiabetic lenses (4.03+/-1.85 vs 1.78+/-0.71 AU/mg protein, P<0.0078). SDS-PAGE showed the occurrence of HMW proteins in both diabetic and nondiabetic lens samples. However, in diabetic patients, who had a higher level of AGEs, a significantly higher proportion of HMW proteins was also observed. The levels of AGE and percent of HMW aggregates showed a very significant correlation ( r=0.68, P<0.007) in the diabetic group, whereas in nondiabetics the correlation, although positive, did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The AGE distribution, with a higher proportion in the samples of lenses rich in HMW aggregates, corroborates the hypothesis that the advanced glycation process might have a role in degenerative changes in eye lens, which in diabetic patients occur vigorously and much earlier than in those without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajko Pokupec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
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Turk N, Milas Z, Margaletic J, Staresina V, Slavica A, Riquelme-Sertour N, Bellenger E, Baranton G, Postic D. Molecular characterization of Leptospira spp. strains isolated from small rodents in Croatia. Epidemiol Infect 2003; 130:159-66. [PMID: 12613757 PMCID: PMC2869950 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802008026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of 16 Leptospira spp. strains isolated from small rodents captured in 11 different regions of inland Croatia. Large NotI and SgrAI restriction fragment allowed us to assign 10 isolates to the serovar istrica, 5 isolates to the serovar tsaratsovo and 1 isolate to the serovar lora. The phylogenetic analysis conducted from the sequences of the first 330 bp from the 16S rDNA gene revealed that the strains belonged to three different species, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri and L. interrogans. Carrier rates in eight rodent species varied from 0 to 71.4%. Mus musculus showed the highest infection level and confirmed its role as a major reservoir of the serogroup Sejroë. For the first time we reported the occurrence of serovars tsaratsovo and lora in Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Župančič Ž, Milas Z, Kovač S, Draženović V, Jukić B, Slavica A, Turk N. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against human type A and B influenza viruses in captive and free-ranging cervids of Croatia. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02189988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oxidative modification of LDL has been shown to affect its clearance and to exert cytotoxic and immunogenic effects. The objective of our study was to analyse markers of LDL oxidation-soluble LDL containing immune complexes (LDL-ICs) in type 2 diabetes with micro- and macrovascular disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 69 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (DM + CAD), 78 non-diabetics with CAD, 47 controls, and 27 diabetics with nephropathy and 36 free from complications. OxLDL antibodies and advanced glycated end-products were measured by ELISA, and LDL-IC apo B content after PEG precipitation. RESULTS Determination of a broad range of oxLDL antibody activity in all study groups showed no significant differences. In contrast, the content of apo B, a component of the antigen moiety of oxLDL-ICs, was higher in CAD and diabetes (+ CAD) than in LDL-ICs isolated from controls (p < 0.001). LDL-ICs did not differ between patients with CAD + DM and CAD patients free from diabetes. LDL-IC levels in diabetic patients with or without microangiopathy were significantly higher than in healthy volunteers (PEG-apo B 0.278 +/- 0.107 vs. 0.165 +/- 105 g/l, p < 0.002; PEG-IgG 151.7 +/- 76 vs. 115.4 +/- 62 g/l, p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of circulating LDL-ICs between the subgroup of diabetic patients with nephropathy/retinopathy and patients free of microvascular disease (Ab-oxLDL 27.7 +/- 10.4 vs. 27.1 +/- 9.3 AU, NS; PEG-apo B 0.324 +/- 0.111 vs. 0.287 +/- 0.124 g/l, NS; PEG-IgG 1.68 +/- 0.68 vs. 1.42 +/- 0.80 g/l, NS). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between AGE content and LDL-ICs (r = 0.35, p < 0.009). A significant but inverse correlation was recorded between triglyceride concentration and level of LDL-ICs in DM + CAD (r = - 0.32, p < 0.016) and CAD patients (r = - 0.35, p < 0.002). A highly significant negative correlation between triglycerides and circulating LDL-ICs (r = - 0.54, p < 0.039) was observed in patients with early nephropathy, but not in those with physiological proteinuria. It is known that at a high triglyceride level in type 2 diabetes, the majority of LDL are small and dense, thus being more susceptible to oxidative modification. This could be a possible mechanism explaining why more LDL-ICs, with a level inversely correlating with triglyceride concentration, are generated in diabetes. CONCLUSION The increased level of circulating LDL-ICs is a risk factor for the general population, including those with diabetes. Our results suggested the contribution of LDL-ICs to the development of atherosclerosis to probably be more significant than the direct contribution of oxLDLAb itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Dugi dol 4A, 10000 Zagreb,
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Turk Z, Ljubic S, Turk N, Benko B. Detection of autoantibodies against advanced glycation endproducts and AGE-immune complexes in serum of patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 303:105-15. [PMID: 11163030 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation of protein causes their immunogenicity. The evidence that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) have antigenic properties has led to a hypothesis that the AGE structure found in vivo may exert an autoimmune response. In the present study, we showed the sera of diabetic patients as well as of nondiabetic individuals to contain autoantibodies to epitopes of AGE structures. Contrary to what might be expected, we observed lower AGE antibody titers in diabetic subjects, and postulated that the antibodies against AGEs form immune complexes in vivo, hampering their determination. The existence of immune complexes containing AGE moiety was established by two independent criteria: (a) serum AGE-immune complexes (AGE-IC) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an immunochemical bridge; and (b) soluble AGE-IC were precipitated from serum by polyethylene glycol and analyzed. We demonstrated the presence of circulating AGE-IC in sera, predominantly in the sera of diabetic subjects. We also found an inverse correlation between serum AGE level and AGE-IC (r=-0.8, P<0.000), indicating the serum level of AGEs to decline with an increasing presence of AGE-IC. The content of AGE in soluble immune complexes was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (3.51+/-1.9 vs. 1.89+/-1.0 microgEq/ml (P<0.00004), and correlated inversely with free antibodies (r=-0.26, P<0.01). Interactions of AGE autoantibodies with AGE as a continuously produced antigen result in the formation of AGE-immune complexes that may play a role in the atherogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dugi dol 4A, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Turk Z, Mrzljak V, Turk N, Metelko Z. Changes of autoantibodies against oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins during long-term LDL-apheresis. Diabetes Nutr Metab 1999; 12:413-7. [PMID: 10782563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is considered a key event in the initiation of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to follow-up the biological marker of in vivo LDL oxidation (oxidatively modified LDL autoantibody titres) during long-term LDL-apheresis treatment. A patient suffering from severe combined hyperlipidaemia underwent LDL-apheresis biweekly and was followed for two years. The significant reduction of baseline total cholesterol (58%), total triglycerides (80%), LDL-cholesterol (48%), apoprotein B (50%) and apolipoprotein (a) (61%) may be considered as a good response to the treatment. The titre of autoantibodies (IgG) against oxidatively modified LDL (malondialdehyde-derived LDL) was followed throughout the study and showed dynamic changes. The measured values were multiple compared as mean+/-SD over each semester of apheresis application: I semester 70.0+/-8.3 U/ml, n = 12; II semester 58.0+/-13.8 U/ml, n = 12; III semester 37.6+/-6.0 U/ml, n=12; IV semester 34.3+/-7.0 U/ml, n = 12; ANOVA: I vs. II semester p<0.083, II vs. III semester p<0.00053, III vs. IV semester p<0.248. In parallel to the changes in this biochemical parameter, regression of numerous xanthomas was clinically observed. In spite of this, the presence of oxidised-LDL (oxLDL) antibodies was enhanced in comparison to antibody titre detected in a group of age-matched normolipaemic healthy controls (n = 15; 19.4+/-8.6; p<0.01). Classical lipoprotein parameters were correlated with the titre of autoantibodies against oxLDL and showed low correlation coefficients: total cholesterol vs. oxLDLab, r = 0.36; triglycerides vs. oxLDLab, r = 0.43; LDL cholesterol vs. oxLDLab, r = 0.14; HDL cholesterol vs. oxLDLab, r = -0.33; apo B vs. oxLDLab, r = 0.25; apo (a) vs. oxLDLab, r = -0.05. Our study showed an additional benefit of LDL-apheresis therapy. The production of autoantibodies against oxLDL was reduced during the treatment, indicating a lower level of the atherogenic antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Zagreb Croatia
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Turk Z, Misur I, Turk N, Benko B. Rat tissue collagen modified by advanced glycation: correlation with duration of diabetes and glycemic control. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999; 37:813-20. [PMID: 10536930 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1999.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagenous proteins are especially prone to nonenzymatic glycation, because they contain several dibasic amino acid residues with free amino groups, have a very slow turnover rate, and are exposed to ambient levels of glucose. The aim of this study was to determine the time-dependent course of advanced glycation process in diabetic rats in relation to glycemic control and duration of diabetes, compared to age-matched controls. Immunochemical assay with antibodies to advanced glycation end products (AGE) was first developed to qualitatively detect and quantify the AGE formed in rat tendon and aortic collagen. Individual collagen samples were extracted by extensive pepsin and collagenase digestion. The amount of AGE was measured by competitive ELISA and results were expressed as AGE U/mg collagen. Diabetic rats showed a significant increase in AGE content in aortic collagen at 20 weeks (n = 6, 206.6 +/- 16.7 U/mg collagen) compared with that measured at 4 and 12 weeks (n = 6, 110 +/- 12.8 U/mg collagen, and n = 13, 184.9 +/- 12.3 U/mg collagen at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively; p < 0.001 between 20 weeks and 4 weeks; p < 0.01 between 20 weeks and 12 weeks). The amount of AGE in tendon collagen of diabetic rats increased from 1.9 +/- 0.38 U/mg at 4 weeks to 11.2 +/- 6.1 U/mg collagen at 20 weeks, p < 0.001. Considerable disparity was observed in the intensity of glycation between aortic and tendon collagen. AGE-content per mg of aortic collagen was several-fold to that found in tendon collagen (p < 0.001). To investigate the effect of glycemic control on the advanced glycation process, total aortic AGE-collagen content was compared between untreated diabetic rats (D; n = 13, 184.9 +/- 12.3 U/mg) and diabetic rats treated for 12 weeks with insulin (DI; n = 6, 133.9 +/- 10.7 U/mg), or phlorizin (DP; n = 6, 132.4 +/- 8.9 U/mg), or by a combination of insulin/phlorizin (DIP; n = 6, 124.3 +/- 6.5 U/mg). In spite of therapy used, all groups of diabetic animals had a significantly higher aortic AGE-collagen content than those in the nondiabetic control group (C: n = 8, 104.6 +/- 14.9 U/mg) of the same age (D, DI, DP, DIP vs. C, p < 0.001). Comparison between the mean levels of glycated hemoglobin (D: 5.62 +/- 0.38 % vs. C: 1.7 +/- 0.05%) and mean AGE levels in the studied group of animals yielded a very good exponential correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Glycation-derived late-stage collagen modification was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and by immunoblotting confirmed to contain (an) AGE-structure(s). Our study provides strong immunochemical evidence of AGE formation in vivo during hyperglycemia, and of their temporal association with structural alterations of extracellular matrix proteins. The advanced glycation process is retarded and reduced in intensity, but not completely abolished, by glycemia regulation with, or independently of, insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolic Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Abstract
In an attempt to shed more light on the relation between the glycation process and structural protein alterations, we followed the formation of glycated products in the lenses of hyperglycaemic Wistar rats during a period of 5 months following alloxan diabetes inducement. The study groups included non-diabetic (control), untreated diabetic rats (D), and diabetic rats receiving insulin alone or in combination with phlorizin, an inhibitor of renal tubular glucose transport. Lenses were removed at 4 and 20 weeks, and advanced glycation products in alkalisoluble lens proteins were determined by their characteristic spectrofluorescence (emission at 385 nm with excitation of 335 nm). In 20-week untreated diabetic rats as compared to control rats, a significant increase was observed in the fluorescence level (3.25 +/- 1.02 vs 1.61 +/- 0.17 FU/mg, p < 0.001), while in 4-week animals the increase was from 1.26 +/- 0.11 FU/mg in controls to 1.80 +/- 0.25 FU/mg in diabetics (P < 0.001). Daily treatment of 20-week diabetic rats with insulin alone (2.46 +/- 0.48 FU/mg) or in combination with phlorizin (2.30 +/- 0.26 FU/mg) did not significantly influence lens fluorescence level. The amount of glucosebound ketoamine linkage was estimated after acid hydrolysis as released 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In 20-week controls, it was slightly higher than in 4-week controls (0.57 +/- 0.31 vs 0.41 +/- 0.20 nmol HMF/mg, respectively). The diabetic group showed a significant increase, however. In 4-week diabetics, a level of 1.07 +/- 0.36 nmol HMF/mg was found, while in 20-week animals the glycated protein amount rose to 2.46 +/- 0.79 nmol HMF/mg. In addition to the increases in glycated content with continuing diabetic hyperglycaemia, significant changes in protein composition of alkali-soluble lenses developed. The SDS-PAGE pattern showed an appearance of protein polymers of heterogeneous size (C 4 weeks 3.0 +/- 1.1% vs C 20 weeks 17.9 +/- 2.9%, D 4 weeks 7.3 +/- 2.1% vs D 20 weeks 19.8 +/- 3.6%) and the proteins of high molecular weight (HMW) failed to penetrate into the gel. Only a small amount of these HMW proteins was present in controls (C 20 weeks 2.5 +/- 1.2%) and short-term diabetes (D 4 weeks 0.8 +/- 0.2%), whereas in long-term untreated diabetes there was a dramatic increase (D 20 weeks 30.5 +/- 3.2%) with a corresponding decrease in other peaks. All diabetic animals from this group had macroscopically detectable cataractous lenses. Treatment with insulin or insulin/phlorizin followed the HMW protein level of the untreated animals (28.2 +/- 4.0% or 27.08 +/- 3.3% vs 30.52 +/- 3.32%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Turk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
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