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Ouadghiri S, El Morabit K, Elansari N, Atouf O, Elkababri M, Hessissen L, Essakalli M. Human leukocyte antigen immunization in transfusion-dependent Moroccan patients with beta-thalassemia major: prevalence and risk factors. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023:S2531-1379(23)00086-X. [PMID: 37244818 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta-thalassemia major patients need a regular blood transfusion to have an initial normal growth. However, these patients have an increased risk of developing alloantibodies. Our main goal was to study HLA alloimmunization in Moroccan Beta-thalassemia patients by confronting it with transfusion and demographic criteria, exploring the involvement of HLA typing profile in the development of HLA antibodies and in turn determining risk factors for their development. METHODS The study consisted of 53 Moroccan pediatric patients with Beta-thalassemia major. Screening for HLA alloantibodies was performed using Luminex technology Whereas HLA genotyping was done with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). RESULTS In this study, 50.9% of patients have been identified as positive for HLA antibodies, with 59.3% having both HLA Class I and Class II antibodies. A significant increase frequency of DRB1*11 allele was revealed in non-immunized patients (34.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.001). Our results also revealed that the majority of our HLA immunized patients were women (72.4% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.001), and transfused with more than 300 units of RBC units (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.02). There were statistically significant differences when comparing these frequencies. CONCLUSIONS This paper revealed that the transfusion dependent Beta-thalassemia major patients are exposed to risk of developing HLA antibodies following transfusions with leukoreduced RBC units. The HLA DRB1*11 was a protective factor against HLA alloimmunization in our beta-thalassemia major patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Ouadghiri
- Blood Transfusion, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | | | - Naoual Elansari
- Pediatric Oncology center of the children's Hospital, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouafae Atouf
- Blood Transfusion, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maria Elkababri
- Pediatric Oncology center of the children's Hospital, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila Hessissen
- Pediatric Oncology center of the children's Hospital, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Malika Essakalli
- Blood Transfusion, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Bourhanbour AD, Ouadghiri S, Bougar S, Atouf O, Brick C, Yakhlef I, Atiifis K, Morabit KE, Essakalli M. [Husband to wife renal transplantatation and pretransplant HLA immunization: about two cases]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:92. [PMID: 34909080 PMCID: PMC8607941 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.92.18744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
La transplantation rénale est la meilleure thérapeutique pour l'insuffisance rénale terminale. Cette transplantation est possible grâce au don de rein à partir d'un donneur vivant ou d'un donneur en état de mort encéphalique (EME). L'immunisation des receveurs est une vraie problématique de la greffe car elle est responsable de difficultés particulières de choix d'un donneur et surtout expose au risque de rejet de greffon. Nous allons présenter deux observations de greffe rénale entre époux, ou les deux receveurs avaient des taux faibles d'anticorps dirigés contre des antigènes HLA du donneur mais dont l'issue en post-greffe immédiat était différente selon le sexe du receveur. En effet l'immunisation anti-HLA des femmes suite aux grossesses est un vrai obstacle à leur greffe par le rein de leur époux. Malgré la faible compatibilité HLA qui caractérise la transplantation rénale entre les époux, car le donneur est ici non apparenté, cette transplantation offre une bonne alternative aux greffes de reins à partir de donneurs en EME, qui font cruellement défaut au Maroc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Drissi Bourhanbour
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Sanae Ouadghiri
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,UPR d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Sara Bougar
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Ouafae Atouf
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Chahrazade Brick
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Imane Yakhlef
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Kaoutar Atiifis
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Kaoutar El Morabit
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Malika Essakalli
- Service d'Immunologie et de Transfusion, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Hassan II, Casablanca, Maroc
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Brick C, Atouf O, Ouadghiri S, Drissi Bourhanbour A, Bougar S, Yakhlef I, Essakalli M. HLA typing and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the histocompatibility unit of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat (Morocco). Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 26:293-298. [PMID: 30366818 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY This study focuses on the search for a suitable related HLA-matched donor of haematopoietic stem cells in the context of allogeneic transplantation in Morocco. The aim of this work is to establish whether the related donor can meet graft needs in Moroccan patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS 429 families (429 recipients and 965 donors) benefited from HLA typing, using microlymphocytotoxicity, polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer and/or high-resolution polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence oligonucleotide. RESULTS The recipients and donors are mostly men over 18 years of age. In total, 86.8% of the recipients have between 1 and 3 donors who are 96% of the collaterals. Malignant haemopathies account for 54% of allograft indications. Benign haemopathies are more frequent than malignant in children, whereas the profile is reversed in adults. Fifty percent of recipients have an HLA identical donor in their siblings and 42% and HLA haplo identical donor. The HLA typing of the recipients and the donors reveals very large polymorphism of the population. CONCLUSION The related donor of haematopoietic stem cells represents an important source of grafts but will not be able to satisfy all the needs of Morocco. The creation of national unrelated voluntary donors will open up new possibilities for recipients who do not have a compatible donor within his relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brick
- Department of immunology and transfusion, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - O Atouf
- Department of immunology and transfusion, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; UPR of immunology, faculty of medicine and pharmacy, university Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Ouadghiri
- Department of immunology and transfusion, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - S Bougar
- Department of immunology and transfusion, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - I Yakhlef
- Department of immunology and transfusion, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; UPR of immunology, faculty of medicine and pharmacy, university Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Essakalli
- Department of immunology and transfusion, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; UPR of immunology, faculty of medicine and pharmacy, university Mohamed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Brick C, Atouf O, Essakalli M. [Immunological monitoring in kidney transplantation: 13 years experience of a Moroccan histocompatibility laboratory]. Transfus Clin Biol 2016; 23:86-94. [PMID: 26796677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY The quality of the immunological monitoring is crucial because it determines the success of the kidney transplantation. The scope of this work is to describe the experience of the department of immunological unity of the Ibn Sina university hospital in Rabat regarding the immunological monitoring of patients transplanted between 2001 and 2014. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patient samples were collected from nephrology services of different public and private hospitals of Morocco. The tests conducted in the context of immunological monitoring are ABO typing, HLA-A, B, DR, DQ typing, anti-HLA antibodies detection and identification and cross-match. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen benefited from a pre- and post-transplant immunological monitoring in our laboratory. The percentage of recipients having between 2 and 5 stored sera is 60.5 before transplantation and 56.1 after transplantation. Immunized patients account for 22.8% before the transplant and 17.6% after transplantation. Ninety-seven patients still have a functional graft, while 4 of them had DSA of low intensity before transplantation. Five immunological rejections were reported while the cross-match were negative and no DSA was identified before transplantation. Patient survival and graft at 1 year was 98.2% and 92.7% respectively. CONCLUSION Conducting regular immunological monitoring is sometimes difficult in our context, however, the results are satisfactory in terms of graft and patients survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brick
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital des Enfants de Rabat, CHU Ibn Sina, 10000 Rabat, Maroc.
| | - O Atouf
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital des Enfants de Rabat, CHU Ibn Sina, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - M Essakalli
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital des Enfants de Rabat, CHU Ibn Sina, 10000 Rabat, Maroc; UPR d'immunologie, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed V de Rabat, Rabat, Maroc
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Abstract
The Moroccan population is an interesting study model of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) polymorphism given its ethnic and genetic diversity. Through an analysis of the literature, this work proposes to establish a balance of knowledge for this population in the field of histocompatibility: HLA diversity, anthropology, transplantation and HLA associations and diseases. This analysis shows that the HLA system has not been fully explored within the Moroccan population. However, the results obtained allowed us to initiate a database reflecting the specific healthy Moroccan population HLA polymorphism to identify immigration flows and relationships with different people of the world and to reveal the association of certain HLA alleles with frequent pathologies. We also propose to analyze the reasons hindering the development of this activity in Morocco and we will try to identify some perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brick
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital des Enfants de Rabat, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Maroc.
| | - O Atouf
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital des Enfants de Rabat, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Maroc
| | - M Essakalli
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital des Enfants de Rabat, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Rabat, Maroc; UPR d'immunologie, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Maroc
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Bhallil O, Atouf O, Benseffaj N, Essakalli M. Facteur rhumatoïde : prévalence et corrélation clinique chez des patients lupiques. Transfus Clin Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Essakalli M, Atouf O, Ouadghiri S, Bouayad A, Drissi A, Sbain K, Sakri L, Benseffaj N, Brick C. [Management by objectives: an experience by transfusion and immunology service in Rabat]. Transfus Clin Biol 2013; 20:440-7. [PMID: 23871462 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The management by objectives method has become highly used in health management. In this context, the blood transfusion and haemovigilance service has been chosen for a pilot study by the Head Department of the Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat. This study was conducted from 2009 to 2011, in four steps. The first one consisted in preparing human resources (information and training), identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the service and the identification and classification of the service's users. The second step was the elaboration of the terms of the contract, which helped to determine two main strategic objectives: to strengthen the activities of the service and move towards the "status of reference." Each strategic objective had been declined in operational objectives, then in actions and the means required for the implementation of each action. The third step was the implementation of each action (service, head department) so as to comply with the terms of the contract as well as to meet the deadlines. Based on assessment committees, the last step consisted in the evaluation process. This evaluation was performed using monitoring indicators and showed that management by objectives enabled the Service to reach the "clinical governance level", to optimize its human and financial resources and to reach the level of "national laboratory of reference in histocompatibility". The scope of this paper is to describe the four steps of this pilot study and to explain the usefulness of the management by objectives method in health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Essakalli
- Université Mohammed V Souissi, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc; Service de transfusion et d'hémovigilance, centre hospitalier Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc.
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Drissi Bourhanbour A, Beseffaj N, Brick C, Bouayad A, Atouf O, Bhalili O, Essakalli M. Profil des anticorps antinucléaires du lupus érythémateux systémique au Maroc : à propos d’une série de 30 patients. Transfus Clin Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Atouf O, Benbouazza K, Brick C, Saoud B, Benseffaj N, Amine B, Hajjaj-Hassouni N, Essakalli M. Distribution of HLA class I and II genes in ankylosing spondylitis patients from Morocco. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:e80-3. [PMID: 22361162 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Morocco, the patients affected by ankylosing spondylitis (AS) presents a high frequency of coxitis. Our study reports, for the first time, the polymorphism of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and class II molecules in the Moroccan patients. METHODS Forty-six patients diagnosed with an AS and coxitis were compared to a group of 183 healthy controls matched by age, sex and ethnic origin. The HLA typing was performed using microlymphocytotoxicity for the class I (-A, -B) and PCR-SSP for the class II (-DR, -DQ). RESULTS We found a significant increase of the HLA-B27 antigen frequency (P<0.0001, RR=20.9) in AS patients (29.3%) compared to the controls (3.2%) and a significant decrease in the frequency of HLA-B12 and HLA-B18 antigens. Examination of HLA class II distribution shows a significant increase of the HLA-DRB1*11 allele frequency in patients (P<0.0001). Concerning HLA-DQB1* alleles, no significant difference between patients and controls was appreciable. CONCLUSIONS The HLA-B27 antigen is involved in the predisposition to the AS with coxitis in the Moroccan population. However, the low frequency observed in our population suggests the existence of other genetic and/or environmental factors. Other HLA genes seem to confer a predisposing effect (DRB*11) or a protective effect (B12 and B18) against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Atouf
- Unité d'immunologie, service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco.
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Ouadghiri S, Atouf O, Brick C, Benseffaj N, Essakalli M. [Traceability of labile blood products in Morocco: experience of the Ibn-Sina hospital of Rabat between 1999 and 2010]. Transfus Clin Biol 2012; 19:1-4. [PMID: 22269085 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY The blood transfusion and haemovigilance service of the Ibn-Sina hospital in Rabat (Morocco) was created 1997. This unit manages the pretransfusional tests, distribution of blood products, traceability and haemovigilance. The objective of this study was to analyze, over a period of 12years, the traceability of blood products delivered in our hospital and the measures used to improve feedback information. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted between 1999 and 2010. Traceability rate was calculated from the feedback of traceability forms supplied with blood products (number of blood products noted on traceability forms on the total number of delivered product). To improve traceability rate, several actions were undertaken: one-time training, awareness campaigns and call phones asking for feedback information. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2010, the service has delivered 173,858 blood products. The average rate of traceability during this period was 13.4 %. Traceability rate varies widely over time (5.2 % in 1999, 15.5 % in 2010) and shows a maximum value of 27.2 % in 2005. Feedback information is lower in emergency departments than in medical and surgical services. CONCLUSION Feedback information about traceability in Ibn-Sina hospital remains very poor despite the measures used. Other actions, such as continuous education courses, low enforcement and informatisation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ouadghiri
- Service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, hôpital Ibn-Sina, Rabat, Maroc.
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Essakalli M, Brick C, Bennani N, Benseffaj N, Ouadghiri S, Atouf O. [The latest TH17 lymphocyte in the family of T CD4+ lymphocytes]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2010; 58:437-43. [PMID: 19299092 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the T CD4+ lymphocyte family has grown. In the initial two components TH1 and TH2 lymphocytes were added the TH17 lymphocyte and T cell regulator (Treg). Under the influence of transforming growth factor β, interleukin 6 (IL6), IL21 and IL23, the naive lymphocyte T CD4+ differentiates in TH17. Currently, the TH17 is recognized as the leading actor of local inflammation through the pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 17, 21, 22) that secretes and the expansion and recruitment of neutrophils that leads. Therefore, it is involved in chronic inflammatory processes, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus), allergy and rejection of allogeneic transplants. TH17 lymphocyte opens up new therapeutic prospects for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Essakalli
- Service de transfusion et d'hémovigilance de l'hôpital Ibn Sina, CHU Rabat, BP 2014, Rabat Ryad, Rabat, Maroc.
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Bennani N, Atouf O, Benseffaj N, Brick C, Essakalli M. Polymorphisme HLA et maladie de Behçet dans la population marocaine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:403-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Essakalli M, Atouf O, Bennani N, Benseffaj N, Ouadghiri S, Brick C. [Toll-like receptors]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 57:430-8. [PMID: 18513891 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The toll-like receptors are innate immunity receptors which recognise particular exogenous structures in the microorganisms pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and endogenous structures damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). Eleven TLR have been identified among human beings. These are danger receptors located in the cells of the immune system but also in other cells. Their primary function is the recognition of pathogens and the activation of the cell that holds them. It follows from it an action on the cells environment, inflammation cells and an activation of the adaptive immunity. The knowledge of the intracellular signalisation ways of the TLR has allowed us to understand the physiopathology of certain diseases. Thus, several works use the agonists of TLR to stimulate them: vaccines against infectious diseases, allergies and cancers. The antagonists are used to block the TLR in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. It is clear that the border between innate and adaptive immunity fades and that these two components of the immune response are closely related, thus opening up new prospects diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Essakalli
- Service de transfusion et d'hémovigilance, hôpital Ibn-Sina, CHU de Rabat, B.P. 2014, Rabat-Ryad, 10000 Rabat, Maroc.
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Brick C, Belgnaoui F, Atouf O, Aoussar A, Bennani N, Senouci K, Hassam B, Essakalli M. Pemphigus and HLA in Morocco. Transfus Clin Biol 2007; 14:402-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Brick C, Bennani N, Atouf O, Essakalli M. HLA-A, -B, -DR and -DQ allele and haplotype frequencies in the Moroccan population: a general population study. Transfus Clin Biol 2007; 13:346-52. [PMID: 17306585 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY The aim of this general population study is to extend our knowledge about the HLA-A, -B, -DR and -DQ genes distribution and their diversity among the Moroccan population. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and ten unrelated healthy Moroccans from diverse regions of the country were included in the study. HLA typing was done either by serological (standard complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity) and/or molecular (sequence-specific primer amplification) techniques. RESULTS The most frequent alleles observed were: HLA-A2 (19.1%), -A1 (10%), -A3 (10%), -B44 (9.6%), -DR3 (17.1%), -DR4 (15.3%), -DQ2 (30.6%), -DQ6 (26.4%) and -DQ3 (25%). No predominant haplotype was observed for HLA A-B while high frequency was observed for some HLA DR-DQ associations (DR3-DQ2, DR15-DQ6, DR7-DQ2, DR4-DQ3, DR13-DQ6). Comparison with neighbouring populations, on the basis of alleles, haplotypes and genetic distances, showed that Moroccan population is close to the Algerians, the Tunisians, the Spaniards and the French. The haplotype frequencies revealed also relationships with Italians, Sardinians, Basques, Portuguese and Moroccan Jews populations. CONCLUSION Our results confirm and extend the current knowledge about the Moroccan genetic pattern and reflect all the ethnic diversity of the country. This study will be helpful in the future for clinical analysis like transplantation and HLA-associated diseases in Moroccan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brick
- Service de transfusion sanguine et d'hémovigilance, unité d'immunologie, CHU Ibn-Sina, Rabat, Morocco.
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