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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Marshall DL, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Van Meurs DP, Kong D, Bernhardt PV, Blanksby SJ, Savage GP, Eaton PE, Williams CM. 9-Azahomocubane. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303133. [PMID: 37823679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Homocubane, a highly strained cage hydrocarbon, contains two very different positions for the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the skeleton, e. g., a position 1 exchange results in a tertiary amine whereas position 9 yields a secondary amine. Herein reported is the synthesis of 9-azahomocubane along with associated structural characterization, physical property analysis and chemical reactivity. Not only is 9-azahomocubane readily synthesized, and found to be stable as predicted, the basicity of the secondary amine was observed to be significantly lower than the structurally related azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, although similar to 1-azahomocubane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek P Van Meurs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Dehui Kong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip E Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
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Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Marshall DL, Burns JM, Pierens GK, Hormann RE, Fisher AM, Bernhardt PV, Blanksby SJ, Savage GP, Eaton PE, Williams CM. 1-Azahomocubane. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2821-2825. [PMID: 36937576 PMCID: PMC10016339 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly strained cage hydrocarbons have long stood as fundamental molecules to explore the limits of chemical stability and reactivity, probe physical properties, and more recently as bioactive molecules and in materials discovery. Interestingly, the nitrogenous congeners have attracted much less attention. Previously absent from the literature, azahomocubanes, offer an opportunity to investigate the effects of a nitrogen atom when incorporated into a highly constrained polycyclic environment. Herein disclosed is the synthesis of 1-azahomocubane, accompanied by comprehensive structural characterization, physical property analysis and chemical reactivity. These data support the conclusion that nitrogen is remarkably well tolerated in a highly strained environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane 4000 Queensland Australia
| | - Jed M Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Robert E Hormann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Allison M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane 4000 Queensland Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory Melbourne 3168 Victoria Australia
| | - Philip E Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Queensland Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Doedens
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; 92697-2025 Irvine CA USA
| | - Philip E. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Chicago; 60637 Chicago IL USA
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Annese C, D’Accolti L, Fusco C, Gandolfi R, Eaton PE, Curci R. Oxyfunctionalization of Non-Natural Targets by Dioxiranes. 6. On the Selective Hydroxylation of Cubane. Org Lett 2009; 11:3574-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang MX, Eaton PE. BuMgNiPr2: A New Base for Stoichiometric, Position-Selective Deprotonation of Cyclopropane Carboxamides and Other Weak CH Acids This work was supported in part by Eastman Chemical. We are grateful to Z. Hantosi and C.-H. Lee for trial experiments, to I. Steele for the X-ray analyses, and to Professor S. Shuto of Hokkaido University for samples of Milnacipran precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020617)114:12<2273::aid-ange2273>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang MX, Eaton PE. BuMgNiPr2: A New Base for Stoichiometric, Position-Selective Deprotonation of Cyclopropane Carboxamides and Other Weak CH Acids This work was supported in part by Eastman Chemical. We are grateful to Z. Hantosi and C.-H. Lee for trial experiments, to I. Steele for the X-ray analyses, and to Professor S. Shuto of Hokkaido University for samples of Milnacipran precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020617)41:12<2169::aid-anie2169>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang MX, Eaton PE. BuMgNiPr2: a new base for stoichiometric, position-selective deprotonation of cyclopropane carboxamides and other weak CH acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:2169-2171. [PMID: 19746633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Eaton PE, Jobe PG, Nyi K. Tricyclo[4.2.2.01,6]decane-tricyclo[4.2.2.01,5]decane interconversions. [4.2.2]propellane rearrangements and a nonphotochemical propellane synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00541a077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eaton PE, Cassar L, Halpern J. Silver(I)- and palladium(II)-catalyzed isomerizations of cubane. Synthesis and characterization of cuneane. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00724a061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pramod K, Eaton PE, Gilardi R, Flippen-Anderson JL. Regiospecific oxidation of binor S and acid-catalyzed rearrangement of the product to the first example of a pentacyclo[6.6.0.05,14.07,12.09,13]tetradecane. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00312a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eaton PE, Xiong Y, Gilardi R. Systematic substitution on the cubane nucleus. Synthesis and properties of 1,3,5-trinitrocubane and 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00075a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gehring PM, Neumann DA, Kamitakahara WA, Rush JJ, Eaton PE, VanMeurs DP. Neutron scattering study of the lattice modes of solid cubane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100013a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eaton PE, Patterson DR. Long-range steric effects in rhodium(I) cleavages of secopentaprismanes. A reversible rhodium(I)-mediated cyclobutane-diolefin conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00476a064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eaton PE, Cassar L, Hudson RA, Hwang DR. Synthesis of homopentaprismane and homohypostrophene and some comments on the mechanism of metal ion catalyzed rearrangements of polycyclic compounds. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00870a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silverman RB, Zhou JP, Eaton PE. Inactivation of monoamine oxidase by (aminomethyl)cubane. First evidence for an .alpha.-amino radical during enzyme catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00072a048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eaton PE, Martin RM. Transmetalation and reverse transmetalation on ortho-activated aromatic compounds: a direct route to o,o'-disubstituted benzenes. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00247a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eaton PE, Cunkle GT, Marchioro G, Martin RM. Reverse transmetalation: a strategy for obtaining certain otherwise difficultly accessible organometallics. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00237a078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eaton PE, Hoffmann KL. 9-Phenyl-1(9)-homocubene, probably the most twisted olefin yet known, and the carbene 1-phenyl-9-homocubylidene, its rearrangement product. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00251a047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eaton PE, Andrews GD, Krebs EP, Kunai A. Peristylenones and norperistylenones: highly reactive intermediates. Synthesis of dodecahedrane precursors. Part 2. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01330a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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