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Gao F, Liu P, Huo Y, Bian L, Wu X, Liu M, Wang Q, He Q, Dong F, Wang Z, Xie Z, Zhang Z, Gu M, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhu R, Cheng T, Wang T, Mao Q, Liang Z. A screening study on the detection strain of Coxsackievirus A6: the key to evaluating neutralizing antibodies in vaccines. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2322671. [PMID: 38390796 PMCID: PMC10906128 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2322671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of diseases caused by Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) and the presence of various mutants in the population present significant public health challenges. Given the concurrent development of multiple vaccines in China, it is challenging to objectively and accurately evaluate the level of neutralizing antibody response to different vaccines. The choice of the detection strain is a crucial factor that influences the detection of neutralizing antibodies. In this study, the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control collected a prototype strain (Gdula), one subgenotype D1, as well as 13 CV-A6 candidate vaccine strains and candidate detection strains (subgenotype D3) from various institutions and manufacturers involved in research and development. We evaluated cross-neutralization activity using plasma from naturally infected adults (n = 30) and serum from rats immunized with the aforementioned CV-A6 strains. Although there were differences between the geometric mean titer (GMT) ranges of human plasma and murine sera, the overall trends were similar. A significant effect of each strain on the neutralizing antibody test (MAX/MIN 48.0 ∼16410.3) was observed. Among all strains, neutralization of the S112 strain by 15 different sera resulted in higher neutralizing antibody titers (GMTS112 = 132.0) and more consistent responses across different genotypic immune sera (MAX/MIN = 48.0). Therefore, S112 may serve as a detection strain for NtAb testing in various vaccines, minimizing bias and making it suitable for evaluating the immunogenicity of the CV-A6 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Huo
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Research & Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyu Dong
- Department of Research & Development, Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Department of R&D, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Department of Production Management, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- The Second Research Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meirong Gu
- R&D Center, Minhai Biotechnology Co., LTD, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- R&D Center, Minhai Biotechnology Co., LTD, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajing Li
- R&D Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., LTD, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zou Y, Mao Q, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Pan Y, Zuo Z, Zhang W. Intratumoural and peritumoural CT-based radiomics for diagnosing lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma in patients with pure ground-glass nodules: a machine learning approach. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e211-e218. [PMID: 38044199 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate a diagnostic model utilising machine-learning algorithms that differentiates lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) from other pathological subtypes in patients with pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs). MATERIALS AND METHODS This bicentric study was conducted across two medical centres and included 151 patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma based on histopathological confirmation of pGGNs. The training cohort consisted of 99 patients from Institution 1, while the test cohort included 52 patients from Institution 2. Radiomics features were extracted from both tumours and the 2 mm peritumoural parenchyma. The tumoural and peritumoural radiomics were designated as Modeltumoural and Modelperitumoural, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of various models was evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subsequently, a machine-learning-based prediction model that combined Modeltumoural, Modelperitumoural, and Modelclinical-radiological was developed to differentiate LPA from other pathological subtypes in patients with pGGNs. RESULTS Modeltumoural achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.762 and 0.783 in the training and validation sets, respectively. Modelperitumoural attained AUCs of 0.742 and 0.667, and Modelclinical-radiological generated an AUC of 0.727 and 0.739 in the training and validation sets, respectively. Among the machine-learning models evaluated, gradient boosting machines demonstrated the best diagnostic efficacy, with accuracy, AUC, F1 score, and log loss values of 0.885, 0.956, 0.943, and 0.260, respectively. CONCLUSION The combined model based on machine learning that incorporated tumour and peritumoural parenchyma, as well as clinical and imaging characteristics, may offer benefits in assessing the pathological subtype of pGGNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zou
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialties of Medical Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Q Mao
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialties of Medical Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialties of Medical Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411000, China
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialties of Medical Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China
| | - Z Zuo
- Department of Radiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411000, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialties of Medical Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China; Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Liuzhou, 545006, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen S, He Q, Bai Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Liang Z, Chen L, Mao Q, Xu M. Progress and challenges in the clinical evaluation of immune responses to respiratory mucosal vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:362-370. [PMID: 38444382 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2326094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the coronavirus disease pandemic, respiratory mucosal vaccines that elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses have garnered increasing attention. However, human physiological characteristics pose significant challenges in the evaluation of mucosal immunity, which directly impedes the development and application of respiratory mucosal vaccines. AREAS COVERED This study summarizes the characteristics of immune responses in the respiratory mucosa and reviews the current status and challenges in evaluating immune response to respiratory mucosal vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) is a major effector molecule at mucosal sites and a commonly used indicator for evaluating respiratory mucosal vaccines. However, the unique physiological structure of the respiratory tract pose significant challenges for the clinical collection and detection of S-IgA. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a sampling method with high collection efficiency and acceptance, a sensitive detection method, reference materials for mucosal antibodies, and to establish a threshold for S-IgA that correlates with clinical protection. Sample collection is even more challenging when evaluating mucosal cell immunity. Therefore, a mucosal cell sampling method with high operability and high tolerance should be established. Targets of the circulatory system capable of reflecting mucosal cellular immunity should also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Si Chen
- Drug and Vaccine Research Center, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Drug and Vaccine Research Center, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Drug and Vaccine Research Center, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Gao F, Liang Z, Sun H, Wang J, Mao Q. Establishment of the 1st Chinese national standard for CA6 neutralizing antibody. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2164140. [PMID: 36600518 PMCID: PMC9980696 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2164140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A6 (CA6) is one of the major causative agents of herpangina and hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). Since 2008, CA6 has circulated widely around the world. Especially in Asia-Pacific region CA6 had even replaced enterovirus A71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) as the main prevalent strain of HFMD. In the recent 10 years, monovalent and multivalent vaccines against CA6 have been researched and developed by manufacturers from China, Korea, and the USA. The neutralizing antibody titer is a key indicator for accurately evaluating immunogenicity of vaccine. However, so far, the World Health Organization international standard for CA6 neutralizing antibody has not been available. In order to meet the needs of evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccines against CA6, the first Chinese national standard for CA6 neutralizing antibody was established, which was conducted to ensure that methods used to measure the neutralizing antibody titers against CA6 are accurate, reliable, and comparable. Three lyophilized candidate standards (29#, 39# and 44#) were produced with 0.40 ml/vial from plasma samples donated by healthy individuals. The collaborative study showed that the 29# candidate standard could effectively minimize the variability in neutralization titers between labs and across challenging viruses of different genotypes (A, D1, and D3). Therefore, the 29# candidate sample was established as the first Chinese national standard for CA6 neutralizing antibody test. This standard has good long-term stability and was assigned a potency of 150 units per milliliter (U/ml) of CA6 neutralizing antibody. It will contribute to ensure uniformity of potency or activity of vaccines and potentially therapeutic antibody preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Liu J, He Q, Gao F, Bian L, Wang Q, An C, Song L, Zhang J, Liu D, Song Z, Li L, Bai Y, Wang Z, Liang Z, Mao Q, Xu M. Heterologous Omicron-adapted vaccine as a secondary booster promotes neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and its sub-lineages in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2143283. [PMID: 36377297 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over one billion people have received 2-3 dosages of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine for basic immunization. Whether a booster dose should be delivered to protect against the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, remains controversial. Here, we tested different vaccine platforms targeting the ancestral or Omicron strain as a secondary booster of the ancestral inactivated vaccine in mice. We found that the Omicron-adapted inactivated viral vaccine promoted a neutralizing antibody response against Omicron in mice. Furthermore, heterologous immunization with COVID-19 vaccines based on different platforms remarkably elevated the levels of cross- neutralizing antibody against Omicron and its sub-lineages. Omicron-adapted vaccines based on heterologous platforms should be prioritized in future vaccination strategies to control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Song
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Song
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Du R, An C, Yao X, Wang Y, Wang G, Gao F, Bian L, Hu Y, Liu S, Zhao Q, Mao Q, Liang Z. Non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting VP2 EF loop of Coxsackievirus A16 can protect mice from lethal attack via Fc-dependent effector mechanism. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2149352. [PMID: 36395069 PMCID: PMC9788719 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2149352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), a main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), has become a serious public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Here, we generated an anti-CA16 monoclonal antibody, DMA2017, derived from an epidemic strain CA16. Surprisingly, although DMA2017 could not neutralize the original and circulating CA16 strains in vitro, the passive transfer of DMA2017 (10 μg/g) could protect suckling mice from a lethal challenge with CA16 in vivo. Then, we confirmed the protective effect of DMA2017 relies on the Fc-dependent effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The linear epitope of DMA2017 was mapped by phage display technique to a conserved patch spanning residues 143-148 (NSHPPY) of the VP2 EF-loop of CA16. DMA2017 could inhibit the binding of the antibodies present in the sera of naturally infected children to CA16, indicating that the epitope of DMA2017 is immunodominant for CA16. Our results confirm, for the first time, that a potential preventive and therapeutic effect could be mediated by a non-neutralizing antibody elicited against CA16. These findings bring a hitherto understudied protective role of non-neutralizing antibodies during viral infections into the spotlight and provide a new perspective on the design and evaluation of CA16 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiao Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Beijing minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Wang
- Autobio Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalin Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Beijing minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaohui Zhao
- Autobio Diagnostics Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Hu C, Liu J, Cheng F, Bai Y, Mao Q, Xu M, Liang Z. Amplifying mRNA vaccines: potential versatile magicians for oncotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261243. [PMID: 37936701 PMCID: PMC10626473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines drive the activation and proliferation of tumor-reactive immune cells, thereby eliciting tumor-specific immunity that kills tumor cells. Accordingly, they possess immense potential in cancer treatment. However, such vaccines are also faced with challenges related to their design and considerable differences among individual tumors. The success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 has prompted the application of mRNA vaccine technology platforms to the field of oncotherapy. These platforms include linear, circular, and amplifying mRNA vaccines. In particular, amplifying mRNA vaccines are characterized by high-level and prolonged antigen gene expression at low doses. They can also stimulate specific cellular immunity, making them highly promising in cancer vaccine research. In this review, we summarize the research progress in amplifying mRNA vaccines and provide an outlook of their prospects and future directions in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Hu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Feiran Cheng
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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8
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Thapa R, Garikipati A, Ciobanu M, Singh NP, Browning E, DeCurzio J, Barnes G, Dinenno FA, Mao Q, Das R. Machine Learning Differentiation of Autism Spectrum Sub-Classifications. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06121-4. [PMID: 37751097 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disorders on the autism spectrum have characteristics that can manifest as difficulties with communication, executive functioning, daily living, and more. These challenges can be mitigated with early identification. However, diagnostic criteria has changed from DSM-IV to DSM-5, which can make diagnosing a disorder on the autism spectrum complex. We evaluated machine learning to classify individuals as having one of three disorders of the autism spectrum under DSM-IV, or as non-spectrum. METHODS We employed machine learning to analyze retrospective data from 38,560 individuals. Inputs encompassed clinical, demographic, and assessment data. RESULTS The algorithm achieved AUROCs ranging from 0.863 to 0.980. The model correctly classified 80.5% individuals; 12.6% of individuals from this dataset were misclassified with another disorder on the autism spectrum. CONCLUSION Machine learning can classify individuals as having a disorder on the autism spectrum or as non-spectrum using minimal data inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thapa
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Garikipati
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Ciobanu
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N P Singh
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Browning
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J DeCurzio
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G Barnes
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F A Dinenno
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Q Mao
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - R Das
- Montera, Inc dba Forta, 548 Market St, PMB 89605, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cui B, Song L, Wang Q, Li K, He Q, Wu X, Gao F, Liu M, An C, Gao Q, Hu C, Hao X, Dong F, Zhou J, Liu D, Song Z, Yan X, Zhang J, Bai Y, Mao Q, Yang X, Liang Z. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) oncolysis using coxsackievirus B5 and synergistic DNA-damage response inhibitors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:366. [PMID: 37743418 PMCID: PMC10518312 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous in-depth study of the interaction mechanism between viruses and hosts, the virus has become a promising tool in cancer treatment. In fact, many oncolytic viruses with selectivity and effectiveness have been used in cancer therapy. Human enterovirus is one of the most convenient sources to generate oncolytic viruses, however, the high seroprevalence of some enteroviruses limits its application which urges to exploit more oncolytic enteroviruses. In this study, coxsackievirus B5/Faulkner (CV-B5/F) was screened for its potential oncolytic effect against non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) through inducing apoptosis and autophagy. For refractory NSCLCs, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) or ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) inhibitors can synergize with CV-B5/F to promote refractory cell death. Here, we showed that viral infection triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pro-apoptosis and autophagy signals, whereas repair for double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) contributed to cell survival which can be antagonized by inhibitor-induced cell death, manifesting exacerbated DSBs, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mechanistically, PERK pathway was activated by the combination of CV-B5/F and inhibitor, and the irreversible ER stress-induced exacerbated cell death. Furthermore, the degradation of activated STING by ERphagy promoted viral replication. Meanwhile, no treatment-related deaths due to CV-B5/F and/or inhibitors occurred. Conclusively, our study identifies an oncolytic CV-B5/F and the synergistic effects of inhibitors of DNA-PK or ATM, which is a potential therapy for NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushuang Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Hu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Hao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Dong
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, China.
- China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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10
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Luo Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Mao Q, Lang B, Xu S. Workplace bullying and suicidal ideation and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2023; 222:166-174. [PMID: 37544128 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicidal ideation and behaviour are potential outcomes of workplace bullying. This review aimed to determine the extent of the association between workplace bullying and suicidal ideation and behaviour. STUDY DESIGN The study incorporated a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was followed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. A combination of subject terms and free words was used to search nine electronic databases. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted information according to the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was performed with averaged weighted correlations across samples using the STATA software (version 16.0) from pooled estimates of the main results from all studies. RESULTS In total, 25 articles of high or medium quality were included in the systematic review; 15 of these were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and behaviour was 18% and 4%, respectively. Individuals who experienced workplace bullying had 2.03-times and 2.67-times higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation and behaviour, respectively, after adjustment for confounding factors. Moderating and mediating factors may help reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviour for individuals experiencing workplace bullying. CONCLUSION This study indicated that exposure to workplace bullying significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (West China Hospital Sichuan University Tibet Chengdu Branch Hospital), No. 20 Ximianqiao Hengjie, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - J Wang
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Zhou
- College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Mao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39, Shierqiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 6100752, China
| | - B Lang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39, Shierqiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 6100752, China
| | - S Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39, Shierqiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu 6100752, China
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11
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Bai Y, An C, Zhang X, Li K, Cheng F, Cui B, Song Z, Liu D, Zhang J, He Q, Liu J, Mao Q, Liang Z. A Novel Targeted RIG-I Receptor 5'Triphosphate Double Strain RNA-Based Adjuvant Significantly Improves the Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta-Omicron Chimeric RBD-Dimer Recombinant Protein Vaccine. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051099. [PMID: 37243185 DOI: 10.3390/v15051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants recently, especially through the emerging variants Omicron BA5, BF7, XBB and BQ1, necessitate the development of universal vaccines to provide broad spectrum protection against variants. For the SARS-CoV-2 universal recombinant protein vaccines, an effective approach is necessary to design broad-spectrum antigens and combine them with novel adjuvants that can induce high immunogenicity. In this study, we designed a novel targeted retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) receptor 5'triphosphate double strain RNA (5'PPP dsRNA)-based vaccine adjuvant (named AT149) and combined it with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron chimeric RBD-dimer recombinant protein (D-O RBD) to immunize mice. The results showed that AT149 activated the P65 NF-κB signaling pathway, which subsequently activated the interferon signal pathway by targeting the RIG-I receptor. The D-O RBD + AT149 and D-O RBD + aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Al) + AT149 groups showed elevated levels of neutralizing antibodies against the authentic Delta variant, and Omicron subvariants, BA1, BA5, and BF7, pseudovirus BQ1.1, and XBB compared with D-O RBD + Al and D-O RBD + Al + CpG7909/Poly (I:C) groups at 14 d after the second immunization, respectively. In addition, D-O RBD + AT149 and D-O RBD + Al + AT149 groups presented higher levels of the T-cell-secreted IFN-γ immune response. Overall, we designed a novel targeted RIG-I receptor 5'PPP dsRNA-based vaccine adjuvant to significantly improve the immunogenicity and broad spectrum of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Shanghai JunTuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijning 102600, China
| | - Feiran Cheng
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing 102600, China
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12
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Liu J, Bai Y, Liu M, Tan D, Li J, Wang Z, Liang Z, Xu M, Wang J, Mao Q. Standardized neutralization antibody analytical procedure for clinical samples based on the AQbD concept. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:165. [PMID: 37105999 PMCID: PMC10140029 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Dejiang Tan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China.
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China.
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China.
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13
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Cheng F, Wang Y, Bai Y, Liang Z, Mao Q, Liu D, Wu X, Xu M. Research Advances on the Stability of mRNA Vaccines. Viruses 2023; 15:668. [PMID: 36992377 PMCID: PMC10051489 DOI: 10.3390/v15030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other vaccines, the inherent properties of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and their interaction with lipid nanoparticles make them considerably unstable throughout their life cycles, impacting their effectiveness and global accessibility. It is imperative to improve mRNA vaccine stability and investigate the factors influencing stability. Since mRNA structure, excipients, lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems, and manufacturing processes are the primary factors affecting mRNA vaccine stability, optimizing mRNA structure and screening excipients can effectively improve mRNA vaccine stability. Moreover, improving manufacturing processes could also prepare thermally stable mRNA vaccines with safety and efficacy. Here, we review the regulatory guidance associated with mRNA vaccine stability, summarize key factors affecting mRNA vaccine stability, and propose a possible research path to improve mRNA vaccine stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Cheng
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Center for Reference Materials and Standardization, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yu Bai
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xing Wu
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
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14
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Guan L, Mao Q, Tan D, Liu J, Zhang X, Li L, Liu M, Wang Z, Cheng F, Cui B, He Q, Wang Q, Gao F, Wang Y, Bian L, Wu X, Hou J, Liang Z, Xu M. Establishment of national standard for anti-SARS-Cov-2 neutralizing antibody in China: The first National Standard calibration traceability to the WHO International Standard. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107639. [PMID: 36865542 PMCID: PMC9971588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody (NtAb) levels are key indicators in the development and evaluation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. Establishing a unified and reliable WHO International Standard (IS) for NtAb is crucial for the calibration and harmonization of NtAb detection assays. National and other WHO secondary standards are key links in the transfer of IS to working standards but are often overlooked. The Chinese National Standard (NS) and WHO IS were developed by China and WHO in September and December 2020, respectively, the application of which prompted and coordinated sero-detection of vaccine and therapy globally. Currently, a second-generation Chinese NS is urgently required owing to the depletion of stocks and need for calibration to the WHO IS. The Chinese National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) developed two candidate NSs (samples 33 and 66-99) traced to the IS according to the WHO manual for the establishment of national secondary standards through a collaborative study of nine experienced labs. Either NS candidate can reduce the systematic error among different laboratories and the difference between the live virus neutralization (Neut) and pseudovirus neutralization (PsN) methods, ensuring the accuracy and comparability of NtAb test results among multiple labs and methods, especially for samples 66-99. At present, samples 66-99 have been approved as the second-generation NS, which is the first NS calibrated tracing to the IS with 580 (460-740) International Units (IU)/mL and 580 (520-640) IU/mL by Neut and PsN, respectively. The use of standards improves the reliability and comparability of NtAb detection, ensuring the continuity of the use of the IS unitage, which effectively promotes the development and application of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Guan
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dejiang Tan
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Feiran Cheng
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qingzhou Wang
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jifeng Hou
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jifeng Hou, ; Zhenglun Liang, ; Miao Xu,
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jifeng Hou, ; Zhenglun Liang, ; Miao Xu,
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jifeng Hou, ; Zhenglun Liang, ; Miao Xu,
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15
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Abstract
Owing to the success of linear mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, biopharmaceutical companies and research teams worldwide have attempted to develop more stable circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines and have achieved some preliminary results. This review aims to summarize key findings and important progress made in circRNA research, the in vivo metabolism and biological functions of circRNAs, and research progress and production process of circRNA vaccines. Further, considerations regarding the quality control of circRNA vaccines are highlighted herein, and the main challenges and problem-solving strategies in circRNA vaccine development and quality control are outlined to provide a reference for circRNA vaccine-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhenglun Liang, ; Qunying Mao,
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhenglun Liang, ; Qunying Mao,
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16
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Zhang X, Wu X, He Q, Wang J, Mao Q, Liang Z, Xu M. Research progress on substitution of in vivo method(s) by in vitro method(s) for human vaccine potency assays. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:270-277. [PMID: 36779650 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2178421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potency is a critical quality attribute for controlling quality consistency and relevant biological properties of vaccines. Owing to the high demand for animals, lengthy operations and high variability of in vivo methods, in vitro alternatives for human vaccine potency assays are extensively developed. AREAS COVERED Herein, in vivo and in vitro methods for potency assays of previously licensed human vaccines were sorted, followed by a brief description of the background for substituting in vivo methods with in vitro alternatives. Based on the analysis of current research on the substitution of vaccine potency assays, barriers and suggestions for substituting were proposed. EXPERT OPINION Owing to the variability of in vivo methods, the correlation between in vivo and in vitro methods may be low. One or more in vitro method(s) that determine the vaccine antigen content and functions, should be established. Since the substitution involves with the change of critical quality attributes and specifications, the specifications of in vitro methods should be appropriately set to maintain the efficacy of vaccines. For novel vaccines in research and development, in vitro methods for monitoring the consistency and relevant biological properties, should be established based on reflecting the immunogenicity of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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17
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Han L, An C, Liu D, Wang Z, Bian L, He Q, Liu J, Wang Q, Liu M, Mao Q, Hang T, Wang A, Gao F, Tan D, Liang Z. Development of an ELISA Assay for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Vaccine Antigen Content. Viruses 2022; 15:62. [PMID: 36680102 PMCID: PMC9860593 DOI: 10.3390/v15010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) protein subunit vaccine is one of the mainstream technology platforms for the development of COVID-19 vaccines, and most R&D units use the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or spike (S) protein as the main target antigen. The complexity of vaccine design, sequence, and expression systems makes it urgent to establish common antigen assays to facilitate vaccine development. In this study, we report the development of a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the antigen content of SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccines based on the United States Pharmacopeia <1220> and ICH (international conference on harmonization) Q14 and Q2 (R2) requirements. A monoclonal antibody (mAb), 20D8, was identified as the detection antibody based on its high RBD binding activity (EC50 = 8.4 ng/mL), broad-spectrum anti-variant neutralizing activity (EC50: 2.7−9.8 ng/mL for pseudovirus and EC50: 9.6−127 ng/mL for authentic virus), good in vivo protection, and a recognized linear RBD epitope (369−379 aa). A porcine anti-RBD polyclonal antibody was selected as the coating antibody. Assay performance met the requirements of the analytical target profile with an accuracy and precision of ≥90% and adequate specificity. Within the specification range of 70−143%, the method capability index was >0.96; the misjudgment probability was <0.39%. The method successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccine antigens (RBD or S protein sequences in Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants) obtained from five different manufacturers. Thus, we present a new robust, reliable, and general method for measuring the antigenic content of SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccines. In addition to currently marketed and emergency vaccines, it is suitable for vaccines in development containing antigens derived from pre-Omicron mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China
| | - Dong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Taijun Hang
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Dejiang Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
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18
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Wang Q, Song Z, Yang J, He Q, Mao Q, Bai Y, Liu J, An C, Yan X, Cui B, Song L, Liu D, Xu M, Liang Z. Transcriptomic analysis of the innate immune signatures of a SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccine ZF2001 and an mRNA vaccine RRV. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1145-1153. [PMID: 35343384 PMCID: PMC9037177 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2059404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of large-scale gene expression post vaccination can provide an overview of immune responses. We used transcriptional approaches to comprehensively analyze the innate immune response signatures elicited by protein subunit (PS) vaccine ZF2001 and an mRNA vaccine named RRV. A fine-grained time-dependent dissection of large-scale gene expression post immunization revealed that ZF001 induced MHC class II-related genes, including cd74 and H2-Aa, more expeditiously than the RRV. Notably, the RRV induced MHC class I-related genes such as Tap1/2, B2m, and H2-D1/K1. At day 21 post immunization, the titres of binding and neutralization antibody (NAb) induced by both vaccines were comparable, which were accordant with the expression level of genes essential to BCR/TCR signalling transduction and B/T cells activation at day 7. However, compared to ZF2001, the early responses of RRV were more robust, including the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expression of genes involved in RNA degradation, and transcription inhibition, which are directly related to anti-viral signals. This pattern also coincided with the induction of cytokines by the RRV. Generally, the transcriptomic patterns of two very different vaccines mapped here provide a framework for establishing correlates between the induction of genes and protection, which can be tailored for evoking specific and potent immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China National Biotec Group, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghuan Yang
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China National Biotec Group, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian He
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China National Biotec Group, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China National Biotec Group, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Song
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China National Biotec Group, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Hepatitis virus and enterovirus vaccines Division, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang J, He Q, Yan X, Liu J, Bai Y, An C, Cui B, Gao F, Mao Q, Wang J, Xu M, Liang Z. Mixed formulation of mRNA and protein‐based COVID‐19 vaccines triggered superior neutralizing antibody responses. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e188. [DOI: 10.1002/mco2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products Beijing People's Republic of China
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20
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Chen J, Jin P, Chen X, Mao Q, Meng F, Li X, Chen W, Du M, Gao F, Liu P, Li X, Guo C, Xie T, Lu W, Li Q, Li L, Yan X, Guo X, Du H, Li X, Duan K, Zhu F. Clinical evaluation of the lot-to-lot consistency of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in a commercial-scale phase IV clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2063630. [PMID: 35714273 PMCID: PMC9897631 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2063630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunogenicity, safety and lot-to-lot consistency of an inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine cultured in bioreactors with different specifications after full immunization. METHODS A randomized, double-blind trial was performed in 3,000 children aged 6 ~ 35 months with six vaccine batches, which were prepared in 40 L and 150 L bioreactors for three consecutive batches respectively. Children were immunized on day 0 and 28, serum samples were collected on day 0 and 56, and neutralizing antibody titers were determined by the microcytopathic method. Immediate reactions were recorded within 30 min, local and systemic symptoms were recorded within 0 ~ 28 days, and serious adverse events were recorded within 6 months. RESULTS After immunization with two doses of the inactivated EV71 vaccine, the neutralizing antibody GMT was 825.52 ± 4.09, and the positive conversion rate was 96.18%, with no significant difference. The 95% CI of the serum neutralizing antibody GMT ratio between the two groups after immunization with the three vaccine batches produced in the 150 L and 40 L bioreactors ranged from .67 ~ 1.5. The overall incidence of adverse reactions, mainly grade 1 reactions, for all 6 batches from 0 to 28 days after vaccination was 49.62%, with no significant difference (p = .8736). The incidence of systemic adverse reactions, primarily fever and diarrhea, was 45.14%; the incidence of local adverse reactions, primarily erythema and tenderness, was 9.43%. CONCLUSION The EV71 vaccine was highly immunogenic and safe in children aged 6-35 months, and 6 consecutive batches produced by the two bioreactors with different specifications were consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meizhi Du
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Pei County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pei County, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Pei County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pei County, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changfu Guo
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingbo Xie
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Department of Research and Development, National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Yan
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongqiao Du
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Fengcai Zhu No.172, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Kai Duan
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Xiuling Li No. 758, Guangfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Department of Vaccine Clinical Evaluation, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Kai Duan No. 1, Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Zhengdian, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
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21
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Bian L, Liu J, Gao F, Gao Q, He Q, Mao Q, Wu X, Xu M, Liang Z. Research progress on vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2057161. [PMID: 35438600 PMCID: PMC9115786 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2057161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to circulate worldwide and a variety of variants have emerged. Variants of concern (VOC) designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) have triggered epidemic waves due to their strong infectivity or pathogenicity and potential immune escape, among other reasons. Although large-scale vaccination campaigns undertaken globally have contributed to the improved control of SARS-CoV-2, the efficacies of current vaccines against VOCs have declined to various degrees. In particular, the highly infectious Delta and Omicron variants have caused recent epidemics and prompted concerns about control measures. This review summarizes current VOCs, the protective efficacy of vaccines against VOCs, and the shortcomings in methods for evaluating vaccine efficacy. In addition, strategies for responding to variants are proposed for future epidemic prevention and control as well as for vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Bian
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushuang Gao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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22
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Tong Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen W, Wang Z, Li Q, Duan K, Wei S, Yang B, Qian X, Li J, Hang L, Deng S, Li X, Guo C, Shen H, Liu Y, Deng P, Xie T, Li Q, Li L, Du H, Mao Q, Gao F, Lu W, Guan X, Huang J, Li X, Chen X. Immunogenicity and safety of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in children aged 36-71 months: A double-blind, randomised, similar vaccine-controlled, non-inferiority phase III trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101596. [PMID: 35923425 PMCID: PMC9340505 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine produced by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (WIBP) (B-EV71) has been given to children aged 6-35 months, and it has shown good safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. However, the administration of EV71 vaccine in children aged 36-71 months, which is another target population, needs further exploration. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority phase III clinical trial in children aged 36-71 months, with a further comparison group of children aged 6-35 months in China. Children aged 6-71 months with no history of hand, foot and mouth disease or prior-vaccination of EV71 vaccine were eligible and recruited. Eligible participants aged 36-71 months were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two doses of the B-EV71 vaccine (Older-B group) or the control EV71 vaccine (C-EV71 vaccine, produced by Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) (Older-C group), administered at a 30-day interval. Eligible participants aged 6-35 months were enrolled consecutively to receive two doses of the B-EV71 vaccine (Younger-B group) at a 30-day interval. Participants, investigators and those assessing outcomes were masked to the vaccine received. Non-inferiority analyses were conducted to compare the immunogenicity of EV71 vaccine in the Older-B group with that in the Older-C and Younger-B groups. Non-inferiority margins were 10% for seroconversion rate differences and 0.5 for geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios. The primary endpoints were the GMT level and seroconversion rate of anti-EV71 neutralising antibody 30 days after the second dose of vaccination. The primary analysis was performed in the per-protocol population. Safety analyses were conducted amongst participants receiving at least one dose of vaccine. This trial was registered at Chinadrugtrials.org.cn (#CTR20192345). FINDINGS Between June 3 and June 30, 2020, 1600 participants were enrolled and assigned, including 625 participants in the Older-B group, 625 participants in the Older-C group and 350 participants in the Younger-B group. The seroconversion rate of anti-EV71 neutralising antibody in the Older-B group (99.66%; 95% CI: 99.18%-100.00%) was non-inferior to that of the Older-C (99.32%; 95% CI: 98.65%-99.98%) and Younger-B groups (100.00%; 95% CI: 100.00%-100.00%). The differences in seroconversion rates in the Older-B group to those in the Older-C and Younger-B groups were 0.34% (95%CI: -2.17%-2.86%) and -0.34% (95%CI: -2.78%-2.09%). The GMT of the anti-EV71 neutralising antibody in the Older-B group (693.87) was also non-inferior to that in the Older-C (289.37) and Younger-B groups (634.80). The ratios of GMTs in the Older-B group to those in the Older-C and Younger-B groups were 2.67 (95%CI: 2.00-3.00) and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.75-1.00), respectively. The incidence of any adverse event (AE) related to vaccination was similar amongst the three groups (34/625 [5.44%] in the Older-B group, 32/623 [5.14%] in the Older-C group, and 26/349 [7.45%] in the Younger-B group), with only 2 (0.57%) participants having grade 3 AEs in the Younger-B group. Fifteen (0.94%) participants from these three groups had reported serious AEs (SAEs), all of which were unrelated to vaccines. INTERPRETATION EV71 vaccine produced by WIBP could extend to be administered to children aged 36-71 months against EV71 infection. However, the persistence of vaccine-induced immunities needs to be further investigated. FUNDING Hubei Province's young medical talent program (20191229), Hubei Province's young talent program (2021), Hubei Province's young public health talent program (2021); and the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Tong
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Duan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beifang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoai Qian
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- Xiangzhou District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianju Hang
- Xiangzhou District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoyong Deng
- Xiangzhou District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfu Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Shen
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Deng
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingbo Xie
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongqiao Du
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- National Vaccine &Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jiao Huang
- Centre for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xiuling Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
- Corresponding authors.
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23
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Liu D, An C, Bai Y, Li K, Liu J, Wang Q, He Q, Song Z, Zhang J, Song L, Cui B, Mao Q, Jiang W, Liang Z. A Novel Single-Stranded RNA-Based Adjuvant Improves the Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Protein Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091854. [PMID: 36146661 PMCID: PMC9504790 DOI: 10.3390/v14091854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The research and development (R&D) of novel adjuvants is an effective measure for improving the immunogenicity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant protein vaccine. Toward this end, we designed a novel single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant, L2, from the SARS-CoV-2 prototype genome. L2 could initiate retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling pathways to effectively activate the innate immunity. ZF2001, an aluminum hydroxide (Al) adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) subunit vaccine with emergency use authorization in China, was used for comparison. L2, with adjuvant compatibility with RBD, elevated the antibody response to a level more than that achieved with Al, CpG 7909, or poly(I:C) as adjuvants in mice. L2 plus Al with composite adjuvant compatibility with RBD markedly improved the immunogenicity of ZF2001; in particular, neutralizing antibody titers increased by about 44-fold for Omicron, and the combination also induced higher levels of antibodies than CpG 7909/poly(I:C) plus Al in mice. Moreover, L2 and L2 plus Al effectively improved the Th1 immune response, rather than the Th2 immune response. Taken together, L2, used as an adjuvant, enhanced the immune response of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant RBD protein vaccine in mice. These findings should provide a basis for the R&D of novel RNA-based adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
- Correspondence: (W.J.); (Z.L.)
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24
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He Q, Mao Q, Zhang J, Gao F, Bai Y, Cui B, Liu J, An C, Wang Q, Yan X, Yang J, Song L, Song Z, Liu D, Yuan Y, Sun J, Zhao J, Bian L, Wu X, Huang W, Li C, Wang J, Liang Z, Xu M. Heterologous immunization with adenovirus vectored and inactivated vaccines effectively protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949248. [PMID: 36059554 PMCID: PMC9428284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with the decline in COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, a heterologous immunization regimen using chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (ChAd-S) and an inactivated vaccine (IV) was tested in mice and non-human primates (NHPs). Heterologous regimen successfully enhanced or at least maintained antibody and T cell responses and effectively protected against SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice and NHPs. An additional heterologous booster in mice further improved and prolonged the spike-specific antibody response and conferred effective neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. Interestingly, priming with ChAd-S and boosting with IV reduced the lung injury risk caused by T cell over activation in NHPs compared to homologous ChAd-S regimen, meanwhile maintained the flexibility of antibody regulation system to react to virus invasion by upregulating or preserving antibody levels. This study demonstrated the satisfactory compatibility of ChAd-S and IV in prime-boost vaccination in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghuan Yang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yadi Yuan
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Lianlian Bian
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhi Wang, ; Zhenglun Liang, ; Miao Xu,
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhi Wang, ; Zhenglun Liang, ; Miao Xu,
| | - Miao Xu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhi Wang, ; Zhenglun Liang, ; Miao Xu,
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25
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Bian L, Bai Y, Gao F, Liu M, He Q, Wu X, Mao Q, Xu M, Liang Z. Effective protection of ZF2001 against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in lethal K18-hACE2 mice. Virol J 2022; 19:86. [PMID: 35596222 PMCID: PMC9122244 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the protective efficacy and mechanism of ZF2001 (a protein subunit vaccine with conditional approval in China) to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant-induced severe pneumonia, the lethal challenge model of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice was used in this study. An inactivated-virus vaccine at the research and development stage (abbreviated as RDINA) was compared to ZF2001. We found that ZF2001 and RDINA could provide the protective effect against Delta variant-induced severe cases, as measured by the improved survival rates, the reduced virus loads, the alleviated lung histopathology and the high neutralizing antibody geomean titers, compared to aluminum adjuvant group. To prevent and control Omicron or other variant epidemics, further improvements in vaccine design and compatibilities with the novel adjuvant are required to achieve better immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Bian
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, and NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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26
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Wang Q, Wu X, Mao Q, Gao F, Liu M, Song Z, Bian L, Liang Z. How SARS-CoV-2 dodges immune surveillance and facilitates infection: an analytical review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1119-1127. [PMID: 35574688 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2078307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective treatments for the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are limited. The virus has evolved strategies to evade the immune system or hijack immune responses to facilitate infection and escape immune surveillance. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 takes advantage of TLR4 and cytokine-induced integrins to promote its entrance into the cell. Furthermore, the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR)-mediated signaling pathways is compromised by SARS-CoV-2 non-structural proteins (NSPs), accessory protein open reading frames (ORFs), and structural proteins upon infection, contributing to viral infection and replication. Host factors necessary for cellular protein synthesis, metabolism, and viral replication can also be inhibited by the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Exploring specific mechanisms would optimize the therapy methods and benefit drug research and development. AREAS COVERED : We describe pathways and mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evades immune system; these include the mechanisms that operate during virus entry, signaling pathways involved, and processes at RNA and protein levels. EXPERT OPINION : Increased understanding of how viruses interfere with immune responses would provide more evidence for drug development. Drugs targeting conserved viral proteins to inhibit their replication or host factors to enhance immune responses would minimize the impact of virus mutations and prepare for future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Song
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Mao Q, Wu X, He Q, Bian L, Bai Y, Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhang J, Liang Z, Xu M. Considerations for the Feasibility of Neutralizing Antibodies as a Surrogate Endpoint for COVID-19 Vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814365. [PMID: 35572565 PMCID: PMC9092276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To effectively control and prevent the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suitable vaccines have been researched and developed rapidly. Currently, 31 COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use or authorized for conditional marketing, with more than 9.3 billion doses of vaccines being administered globally. However, the continuous emergence of variants with high transmissibility and an ability to escape the immune responses elicited by vaccines poses severe challenges to the effectiveness of approved vaccines. Hundreds of new COVID-19 vaccines based on different technology platforms are in need of a quick evaluation for their efficiencies. Selection and enrollment of a suitable sample of population for conducting these clinical trials is often challenging because the pandemic so widespread and also due to large scale vaccination. To overcome these hurdles, methods of evaluation of vaccine efficiency based on establishment of surrogate endpoints could expedite the further research and development of vaccines. In this review, we have summarized the studies on neutralizing antibody responses and effectiveness of the various COVID-19 vaccines. Using this data we have analyzed the feasibility of establishing surrogate endpoints for evaluating the efficacy of vaccines based on neutralizing antibody titers. The considerations discussed here open up new avenues for devising novel approaches and strategies for the research and develop as well as application of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qian Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
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Gao F, An C, Bian L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Cui B, He Q, Yuan Y, Song L, Yang J, Yan X, Xu K, Li C, Yao S, Wu X, Mao Q, Liang Z, Xu M. Establishment of the first Chinese national standard for protein subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:2233-2239. [PMID: 35227521 PMCID: PMC8841209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A reference standard is needed for quality control of protein subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to meet urgent domestic needs. The Chinese National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) launched a project to establish the first reference material for the protein subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to be used for calibration of antigen testing. The potency and stability of the national candidate standard (CS) were determined by collaborative calibration, and accelerated and freeze–thaw degradation studies. Moreover, a suitability study of the CS was performed. Eight laboratories in mainland China were asked to detect antigen content of CS using a common validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit established by NIFDC and in-house kits in the collaborative study. Six laboratories returned valid results, which established that the antigen content of the CS was 876,938 YU/mL, with good agreement across laboratories. In the suitability study, the CS exhibited excellent parallelism and a linear relationship with four samples produced by different expression systems and target proteins. In addition, good stability in the accelerated and freeze–thaw degradation study was observed. In conclusion, the CS was approved by the Biological Product Reference Standards Sub-Committee of the National Drug Reference Standards Committee as the first Chinese national standard for determining antigen content of protein subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with an assigned antigen content of 877,000 U/mL (Lot. 300050–202101). This standard will contribute to a standardized assessment of protein subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in China and may provide experience for developing reference materials for antigen content detection of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiping Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bopei Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yadi Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lifang Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinghuan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xujia Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Changgui Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qunying Mao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Miao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products; and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, PR China.
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29
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Bai Y, Wang Q, Liu M, Bian L, Liu J, Gao F, Mao Q, Wang Z, Wu X, Xu M, Liang Z. The next major emergent infectious disease: reflections on vaccine emergency development strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:471-481. [PMID: 35080441 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2027240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major emergent infectious diseases (MEID) pose the most serious threat to human health. The research proposes targeted response strategies for the prevention and control of potential MEID. AREAS COVERED Based on the analysis of infectious diseases, this research analyzes pandemics that have a high probability of occurrence and aims to synthesize the past experience and lessons learned of controlling infectious diseases such as coronavirus, influenza, Ebola, etc. In addition, by integrating major infectious disease response guidelines developed by WHO, the European Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, we intend to bring forward national vaccine R&D development strategies for emergency use. EXPERT OPINION We advise to establish and improve existing laws, regulations, and also prevention and control systems for the emergent R&D and application of vaccines in response to potential infectious diseases. The strategies would not only help increase the various abilities in response to the research, development, evaluation, production, and supervision of emergency vaccines, but also establish surrogate endpoint of immunogenicity protection in early clinical studies to enable a rapid evaluation of the efficacy of emergency vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory. No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, Beijing, China
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He Q, Mao Q, An C, Zhang J, Gao F, Bian L, Li C, Liang Z, Xu M, Wang J. Heterologous prime-boost: breaking the protective immune response bottleneck of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:629-637. [PMID: 33691606 PMCID: PMC8009122 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1902245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines emerging from different platforms differ in efficacy, duration of protection, and side effects. To maximize the benefits of vaccination, we explored the utility of employing a heterologous prime-boost strategy in which different combinations of the four types of leading COVID-19 vaccine candidates that are undergoing clinical trials in China were tested in a mouse model. Our results showed that sequential immunization with adenovirus vectored vaccine followed by inactivated/recombinant subunit/mRNA vaccine administration specifically increased levels of neutralizing antibodies and promoted the modulation of antibody responses to predominantly neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, a heterologous prime-boost regimen with an adenovirus vector vaccine also improved Th1-biased T cell responses. Our results provide new ideas for the development and application of COVID-19 vaccines to control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Adenovirus Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- Vaccination/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Huo Y, Yang J, Liu P, Cui B, Wang C, Liu S, Dong F, Yan X, Bian L, Gao F, Wu X, Zhou J, Cheng T, Li X, Mao Q, Liang Z. Evaluation of the cross-neutralization activities elicited by Coxsackievirus A10 vaccine strains. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5334-5347. [PMID: 34756160 PMCID: PMC8903991 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1978792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased severity of diseases caused by Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) as well as a large number of mutants and recombinants circulating in the population are a cause of concern for public health. A vaccine with broad-spectrum and homogenous protective capacity is needed to prevent outbreaks of CV-A10. Here, we evaluated cross-neutralization of prototype strain and 17 CV-A10 strains from related manufacturers in mainland China in vitro using 30 samples of plasma collected from naturally infected human adults and 18 sera samples from murine immunized with the above strains of CV-A10. Both human plasma and murine sera exhibited varying degrees of cross-neutralizing activities. Prototype A/Kowalik and sub-genotype C3/S113 were most difficult to neutralize. Among all strains tested, neutralization of S102 and S108 strains by 18 different sera was the most uniform, suggesting their suitability for detection of NtAb titers of different vaccines for avoiding biases introduced by detection strain. Furthermore, among all immune-sera, cross-neutralization of the 18 strains of CV-A10 by anti-S110 and anti-S102 was the most homogenous. Anti-S102 exhibiting higher geometric mean titer (GMT) in vitro was evaluated for its cross-protection capacity in vivo. Remarkably, administration of anti-S102 protected mice from lethal dosage of eight strains of CV-A10. These results provide a framework for formulating strategies for the R&D of vaccines targeting CV-A10 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huo
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,Department of Research & Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghuan Yang
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bopei Cui
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Dong
- Department of Research & Development, Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, China
| | - Xujia Yan
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuyue Zhou
- Department of Medical & Scientific Affairs, Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Research & Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Gao F, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Lv H, Wang S, Yang H, Liu X, Li K, Wang H, Yin Z, Liang Z, An Z, Mao Q, Feng Z. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated enterovirus A71 vaccines in children aged 6-35 months in China: a non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 16:100284. [PMID: 34881371 PMCID: PMC8579145 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China's three inactivated enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) vaccines are the first and currently world's only EV-A71 vaccines approved by a national regulatory authority and used to prevent EV-A71 associated diseases. The three vaccines vary by vaccine strain, manufacturing cell substrate, and antigen dose, but no head-to-head comparisons of these vaccines have been done. We compared immunogenicity of the vaccines in children 6-35 months old. METHODS We recruited healthy children aged 6-35 months who lived in a study site county into a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, three-group, randomised controlled trial that was conducted in five counties in China. Enrolled children were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive two doses of one of the three EV-A71 vaccines. The primary outcome was the proportion of children with EV-A71 neutralizing antibody seroconversion 4 weeks after the second dose; a secondary outcome was adverse events in the 4 weeks after each dose. Analyses of immunogenicity included all children who completed the study (per-protocol analysis). Safety analysis included all children completed safety follow-up after at least one. We used a 10% margin to establish non-inferiority. This trial was registered on a World Health Organization platform: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900026663). FINDINGS 1631 children were assessed for eligibility between Nov 4 and Nov 20, 2019. Of 1500 (92%) enrolled children, 500 were assigned to vaccine group A, B, or C; 483 in group A,484 in group B, and 487 in group C completed the study. Before dose one, the seropositive rates in groups A, B, and C were 9.7%, 7.2%, and 7.0%. Four weeks after the second dose, seroconversion rates of groups A, B, and C were 98.8%, 99.4% and 99.8% - mutually non-inferior in all two-group comparisons. There were no serious adverse events in any group and no evidence of a difference among the three groups in the incidence of local adverse event or systemic adverse event. Fever was the most common adverse event. All children with reported adverse events recovered. INTERPRETATION Non-inferior and high seroconversion rates and equivalent safety of three EV-A71 vaccines supports use any of these vaccines to prevent EV-A71-associated diseases. These results may be useful for regulators, vaccine policy makers, and immunization programmes in China and in countries where EV-A71 is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Baoding prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baoding, China
| | - Huakun Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenyu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Keli Li
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqing Wang
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie An
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Bian L, Gao Q, Gao F, Wang Q, He Q, Wu X, Mao Q, Xu M, Liang Z. Impact of the Delta variant on vaccine efficacy and response strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1201-1209. [PMID: 34488546 PMCID: PMC8442750 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1976153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 has caused a new wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in many countries. It is the most infectious variant of SARS-CoV-2 to date, and its high infectivity means that a higher proportion of the population needs to be vaccinated to reduce the disease burden, which poses a substantial public health challenge. AREAS COVERED The evolution of the Delta variant is reviewed, including an overview of the Delta Plus variant with a K417N mutation in the RBD, which may confer an improved immune evasion ability. Decreases in serum neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination against Delta were greater than those against Alpha but less than those against Beta. The protective efficacy of existing vaccines against the Delta variant have declined and is related to the number of doses and the time since vaccination. EXPERT OPINION The currently used vaccines are effective against hospitalization/severe disease due to the Delta variant. Accelerating the popularization of vaccination, improving the coverage rate, and the implementation of intervention measures, such as wearing masks, are effective means to control the spread of the Delta variant and other variants. However, vaccination alone against SARS-CoV-2 without intervention measures may lead to continuous spread and the emergence of new variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, He Q, An C, Mao Q, Gao F, Bian L, Wu X, Wang Q, Liu P, Song L, Huo Y, Liu S, Yan X, Yang J, Cui B, Li C, Wang J, Liang Z, Xu M. Boosting with heterologous vaccines effectively improves protective immune responses of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1598-1608. [PMID: 34278956 PMCID: PMC8381941 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1957401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, a variety of vaccine platforms have been developed. Amongst these, inactivated vaccines have been authorized for emergency use or conditional marketing in many countries. To further enhance the protective immune responses in populations that have completed vaccination regimen, we investigated the immunogenic characteristics of different vaccine platforms and tried homologous or heterologous boost strategy post two doses of inactivated vaccines in a mouse model. Our results showed that the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by different vaccines when administered individually differ significantly. In particular, inactivated vaccines showed relatively lower level of neutralizing antibody and T cell responses, but a higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio compared with other vaccines. Boosting with either recombinant subunit, adenovirus vectored or mRNA vaccine after two-doses of inactivated vaccine further improved both neutralizing antibody and Spike-specific Th1-type T cell responses compared to boosting with a third dose of inactivated vaccine. Our results provide new ideas for prophylactic inoculation strategy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqiang An
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Song
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Huo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujia Yan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghuan Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bopei Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Zhou C, Gao F, Zhu Q, Jiang Y, Ma X, Hu Y, Shi L, Wang X, Zhang C, Liu B, Shen L, Mao Q, Liu G. Preclinical evaluation of recombinant HFMD vaccine based on enterovirus 71 (EV71) virus-like particles (VLP): Immunogenicity, efficacy and toxicology. Vaccine 2021; 39:4296-4305. [PMID: 34167837 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Currently, three inactivated EV71 vaccines have been approved by Chinese government. We previously demonstrated that recombinant EV71 virus-like particles (VLP) produced in Pichia pastoris can be produced at a high yield with a simple manufacturing process, and the candidate vaccine elicited protective humoral immune responses in mice. In present study, the nonclinical immunogenicity, efficacy and toxicity of the EV71 vaccine was comprehensively evaluated in rodents and non-human primates. The immunogenicity assessment showed that EV71 VLPs vaccine elicited high and persistent neutralizing antibody responses, which could be comparable with a licensed inactivated vaccine in animals. The immune sera of vaccinated mice also exhibited cross-neutralization activities to the heterologous subtypes of EV71. Both passive and maternal antigen specific antibodies protected the neonatal mice against the lethal EV71 challenge. Furthermore, nonclinical safety assessment of EV71 VLP vaccine showed no signs of systemic toxicity in animals. Therefore, the excellent immunogenicity, efficacy and toxicology data supported further evaluation of the VLP-based EV71 vaccine in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China.
| | - Qianjun Zhu
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Xinxing Ma
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Yalin Hu
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Likang Shi
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Chao Zhang
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Baofeng Liu
- Shandong Xinbo Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Dezhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Lianzhong Shen
- Shandong Xinbo Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Dezhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- Shanghai Zerun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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36
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Mao Q, Xu M, He Q, Li C, Meng S, Wang Y, Cui B, Liang Z, Wang J. COVID-19 vaccines: progress and understanding on quality control and evaluation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:199. [PMID: 34006829 PMCID: PMC8129697 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a huge threat to global health and economy. Countermeasures have revolutionized norms for working, socializing, learning, and travel. Importantly, vaccines have been considered as most effective tools to combat with COVID-19. As of the beginning of 2021, >200 COVID-19 vaccine candidates, covering nearly all existing technologies and platforms, are being research and development (R&D) by multiple manufacturers worldwide. This has posed a huge obstacle to the quality control and evaluation of those candidate vaccines, especially in China, where five vaccine platforms are deployed in parallel. To accelerate the R&D progress of COVID-19 vaccines, the guidances on R&D of COVID-19 vaccine have been issued by National Regulatory Authorities or organizations worldwide. The Center for Drug Evaluation and national quality control laboratory in China have played a leading role in launching the research on quality control and evaluation in collaboration with relevant laboratories involved in the vaccine R&D, which greatly supported the progression of vaccines R&D, and accelerated the approval for emergency use and conditional marketing of currently vaccine candidates. In this paper, the progress and experience gained in quality control and evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines developed in China are summarized, which might provide references for the R&D of current and next generation of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Meng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bopei Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
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Zhang L, Gao F, Zeng G, Yang H, Zhu T, Yang S, Meng X, Mao Q, Liu X. Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine in Children Aged 36-71 Months: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Non-inferiority Phase III Trial. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:440-447. [PMID: 33269798 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sinovac enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine has been given to children aged 6-35 months with good safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Further exploration is needed for the application of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in older children. METHODS A phase III, double-blind, single-center, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, and bridging-designed trial enrolled 300 participants aged 6-35 months and 600 participants aged 36-71 months. Non-inferiority and superiority analyses were made to determine the immunogenicity of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in older children (Older-S group), comparing with that of control EV71 vaccine in the same age group (Older-C group), or comparing with that of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in younger children (Younger-S group). RESULTS The seroconversion rate of anti-EV71 in Older-S group (95.5%) was superior to that of Older-C group (86.0%), and non-inferior to that of Younger-S group (98.5%). For baseline seronegative participants, the geometric mean titer of Older-S group (370.0) was non-inferior to that of Older-C group (296.2) and superior to that of Younger-S group (176.5). Incidence of adverse reactions in Older-S group (47.0%) was similar to that of Older-C group (44.8%), or Younger-S group (49.8%). CONCLUSIONS This study showed good safety and immunogenicity of Sinovac EV71 vaccine in children aged 36-71 months. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03909074. URL https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03909074?term=NCT03909074&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Zhang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zeng
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Taotao Zhu
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangmin Yang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Xing Meng
- Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
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38
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He Q, Mao Q, Zhang J, Bian L, Gao F, Wang J, Xu M, Liang Z. COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Understanding on Immunogenicity, Safety, and Further Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669339. [PMID: 33912196 PMCID: PMC8071852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The world has entered the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its intensity is significantly higher than that of the first wave of early 2020. Many countries or regions have been forced to start the second round of lockdowns. To respond rapidly to this global pandemic, dozens of COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed and many are undergoing clinical testing. Evaluating and defining effective vaccine candidates for human use is crucial for prioritizing vaccination programs against COVID-19. In this review, we have summarized and analyzed the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety data from clinical reports on different COVID-19 vaccines. We discuss the various guidelines laid out for the development of vaccines and the importance of biological standards for comparing the performance of vaccines. Lastly, we highlight the key remaining challenges, possible strategies for addressing them and the expected improvements in the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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39
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Bian L, Gao F, Zhang J, He Q, Mao Q, Xu M, Liang Z. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 variants on vaccine efficacy and response strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:365-373. [PMID: 33851875 PMCID: PMC8054487 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1903879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to spread, several variants have emerged. Variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 have attracted significant attention owing to their widespread transmission and possible immune evasion. A total of 19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on original strains have entered clinical studies, including nine vaccines that have obtained emergency use or conditional marketing authorizations. However, newly emerging variants may affect their protective efficacy. Decreased efficacy of the Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, and AstraZeneca vaccines against B.1.351 has been reported. The spread of variants creates a tremendous challenge for the prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic via vaccination. Several response strategies, including accelerating massive rollouts of current vaccines, increasing vaccine immunogenicity by increasing vaccination doses, and accelerating next-generation vaccines against variants, have been suggested. AREAS COVERED SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy against variants and response strategies for emerging variants. EXPERT OPINION Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines authorized for emergency use or under clinical trials have shown certain advantages in providing adequate protection against new variants. We analyzed the effects of reported variants on neutralizing antibodies and the protective efficacy of different vaccines and propose strategies for applying current vaccines against variants and developing next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Bian
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qian He
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Institute of Biological Products, Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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40
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Wang Y, Mao Q, Zhang C, Luo XL, Jin J. [A case of severe orthostatic hypotension induced by vitamin B12 deficiency]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:76-78. [PMID: 33429492 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200223-00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Q Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - X L Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - J Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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41
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Wei L, Liu Y, Liu Z, Mao Q, Shi N, Yang J. Inhibitory Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Myocardial Apoptosis Induced by Hypoxia or Reoxygenation in Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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42
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Mao Q, Yao DH, Li YS, Li JS. [Feasibility of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in assisting with the determination of the resection range of radiation intestinal injury]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:752-756. [PMID: 32810946 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20200517-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) to assist in determining the resection range of radiation intestinal injury (RII). Methods: A descriptive cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of 10 RII patients who presented intestinal obstruction and received operation with more than 100 cm of small intestine had been resected atGeneral Department of Jinling Hospital from October 2014 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The Novadaq SPY Intra-operative Imaging System was used in capturing and viewing fluorescent images. Firstly, the dense adhesion was mobilized and the obstructive intestine was fully freed under laparoscopy, then entering into abdomen from the corresponding incision. The surgeon determined the resection range according to the color of the intestinal serous layer of the diseased intestinal wall, the thickness of the intestinal wall, and the degree of swelling of the mesentery. Afterwards, intra-operative NIRFI was performed by intravenous injection of 2 ml indocyanine green (ICG) and the imaging results of the diseased intestinal arteriovenous phase were observed and recorded. The evaluation criteria for the final resection range were mainly based on the changes in mesenteric arterial phase imaging. In RII lesions, mesenteric vessels in mesenteric artery phase were disordered, and the comb-like distribution of normal mesenteric vessels completely disappeared. Only the clouded appearance in the intestinal wall was observed. Imaging results of the diseased intestinal tissue during the development phase and mesenteric vein phase were not significantly different from normal intestinal tissue. Intraoperative and postoperative conditions under NIRFI-assisted positioning, including the resection range, anastomosis site, operation-related complications, hospitalization time and cost were recorded. Data of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and gastrointestinal angiography during 5 years of follow-up were collected to evaluate whether there was anastomotic stenosis or insufficient resection of diseased bowel. Results: Based on the imaging of mesenteric arterial phase of NIRFI, the median resection length of the small intestine was 185 (120-260) cm. After NIRFI imaging, only local lesion of ileum was excised in 6 patients, and jejunum-ileum anastomosis was performed to preserve ileocecal flap. No serious complications such as anastomotic leakage and anastomotic hemorrhage, or chronic intestinal failure such as short bowel syndrome occurred. The median hospitalization time was 32 (22-51) days, and the median hospitalization cost was 142 000 (90 000-175 000) RMB. The hospitalization time and cost were mainly used for the enteral and parenteral nutrition support treatment during the perioperative period. All the patients had normal oral diet and/or oral enteral nutrient. After 5 years of follow-up, no recurrence was found. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and gastrointestinal angiography showed no thickening of the intestinal wall or stenosis of the lumen. Conclusion: Mesenteric arterial phase imagingof NIRFI can help surgeons to determine the site and range of resection of RII lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - D H Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Y S Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - J S Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
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43
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Cui B, Cai F, Gao F, Bian L, Wu R, Du R, Wu X, Liu P, Song L, Cui L, Yuan Y, Liu S, Ye X, Cheng T, Mao Q, Gao Q, Liang Z. A uniform quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Coxsackievirus A16 antigen in vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:381-388. [PMID: 32750255 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1776547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), one of major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), causes outbreaks of the disease in young children all over the world. In order to promote the prevention and control of HFMD, the research and development of CV-A16 vaccine have been carried out in China. However, due to lacking of a recognized CV-A16 antigen detection method, the evaluation and quality control (QC) of vaccine effectiveness are greatly limited. In this study, we established a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Q-ELISA) to determine the antigen concentration in CV-A16 vaccines that can be applied in manufacturing in China. A neutralizing antibody 16E1 was used as a capture antibody that can bind to various CV-A16 antigens of different subgenotypes, and an antiserum from CV-A16-immunized rabbit conjugated by HRP was suitable for detecting and quantifying CV-A16 antigens. The Q-ELISA was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness by using the CV-A16 antigen national standard (NS). Furthermore, we utilized the Q-ELISA to quantify antigen contents of vaccine bulks from six manufacturers and other intermediate products from one manufacturer. The results indicated that the Q-ELISA can satisfy the requirements of QC for all manufacturers involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopei Cui
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Research and Development Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- Research and Development Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Ruixiao Du
- Divison of Bacterial Vaccine, National Vaccine and Serum Institute , Beijing, PR China
| | - Xing Wu
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Song
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Cui
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China.,Research and Development Department, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Changchun, PR China
| | - Yadi Yuan
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China.,Research and Development Department, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Changchun, PR China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China.,Research and Development Department, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise , Beijing, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Beijing, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Research and Development Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Divison of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Biological Product Control , Beijing, China
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44
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Li K, Dong F, Gao F, Bian L, Sun S, Du R, Hu Y, Mao Q, Zheng H, Wu X, Liang Z. Effect of freezing on recombinant hepatitis E vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1545-1553. [PMID: 31809644 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1694327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed that vaccines are more often exposed to sub-zero temperatures during cold chain transportation than what was previously known. Such exposure might be detrimental to the potency of temperature-sensitive vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to freezing on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of recombinant hepatitis E (rHE) vaccine. Changes in rHE vaccine due to freezing temperatures were analyzed with regard to sedimentation rate, antigenicity, and antibody affinity and potency. The freezing temperature of rHE was measured, then rHE vaccine was exposed to freezing temperatures below -10°C.Significant increase of sedimentation rate was noted, according to shake test and massed precipitates. In addition, the binding affinity of rHE vaccine to six specific monoclonal antibodies was significantly reduced and the in vivo potency for eliciting a protective IgG response was also partially lost, especially for anti-HEV neutralizing antibodies. Altogether, our work indicates that exposure of rHE vaccine to a temperature below -10°C results in the loss of structural integrity and biological potency of rHE vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Li
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China.,Research and Development Center, Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Dong
- The Second Department of Research, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd , Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Shiyang Sun
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Ruixiao Du
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Hu
- Quality Assurance Department, Hualan Biological Engineering Inc , Xinxiang, China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Haifa Zheng
- Research and Development Center, Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd , Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institute for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
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Mao Q, Coutris N, Rack H, Fadel G, Gibert J. Investigating ultrasound-induced acoustic softening in aluminum and its alloys. Ultrasonics 2020; 102:106005. [PMID: 31756650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic vibration has been observed to lower the flow stress necessary to initiate plastic deformation, a phenomenon known as "acoustic softening". This unique effect of ultrasound has been extensively applied in welding, machining, forming of metals, and ultrasonic additive manufacturing to lower the yield stress necessary to initiate plastic deformation, it nevertheless lacks fundamental investigation. Some prior studies showed experimental errors due to the design of experimental setups and the associated testing methods that have been introduced, leading to questions about their observations and conclusions. Therefore, an experimental setup described in this paper is designed to minimize the constraints identified from the setups in prior studies. Three types of aluminum are studied: Al 1100-O a commercially pure aluminum, Al 6061-O an aluminum alloy without precipitate strengthening, and Al 6061-T6 a precipitate-strengthened aluminum alloy. The acoustic softening and residual effect are compared based on the similarities and differences in microstructures of the three types of aluminum. In both acoustic softening and residual effect, linear relations are obtained between stress change and ultrasound intensities. The slope defined by the linear relations, i.e. the acoustic softening factor, depends on the microstructure of the specific material. The underlying mechanism of acoustic softening is associated with the activation of dislocations by ultrasonic energy and subsequently their interactions with other dislocations and precipitates, whereas the residual effects are attributed to the permanent changes in dislocation density due to dislocation annihilation, dynamic annealing, and dislocation-precipitate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States.
| | - N Coutris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - H Rack
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - G Fadel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - J Gibert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, IN 47907, United States
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Yang Z, Gao F, Wang X, Shi L, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Ma X, Zhang C, Zhou C, Zeng X, Liu G, Fan J, Mao Q, Shi L. Development and characterization of an enterovirus 71 (EV71) virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine produced in Pichia pastoris. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:1602-1610. [PMID: 31403352 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1649554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agents for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Although there are three inactivated virus-based HFMD vaccines licensed in China, alternative approaches have been taken to produce an effective and safer vaccine that is easier to manufacture in large scale. Among these, a virus-like particles (VLPs) based EV71 vaccine is under active development. For this purpose, an efficient methodology for the production of EV71-VLPs by recombinant technology is needed. We here report the construction and expression of the P1 and 3C genes of EV71 in Pichia pastoris for producing VLP-based EV71 vaccine antigen with a high yield and simple manufacturing process. Based on codon-optimized P1 and 3C genes, EV71-VLPs were efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris system, and the expression level reached 270 mg/L. Biochemical and biophysical analyses showed that the produced EV71-VLPs consisted of processed VP0, VP1, and VP3 present as ~35nm spherical particles. The immune response as a function of EV71-VLPs and adjuvant dose ratio was investigated for vaccine development. Immunization with EV71-VLPs of 1-5 µg/dose and adjuvant of 225 µg/dose induced robust neutralizing antibody responses in mice and provided effective protection against lethal challenge in both maternally transferred antibody and passive transfer protection mouse models. Therefore, the yeast produced EV71-VLPs antigen is a promising candidate for the development of a vaccine against HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Yang
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) , Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Likang Shi
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Xinxing Ma
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xianfang Zeng
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ge Liu
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qunying Mao
- Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) , Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Shi
- Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology Co., Ltd , Shanghai, PR China
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47
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Cui CH, Zhu Y, Jia Z, Mao Q, Lan L. Identification of two novel anti-HCV E2 412-423 epitope antibodies by screening a Chinese-specific phage library. Acta Virol 2019; 63:149-154. [PMID: 31230443 DOI: 10.4149/av_2019_203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 412-423 linear epitope has been found to be highly conserved across multiple HCV genotypes. The antibodies against this epitope have broadly neutralizing activity. Considering the poor immunogenicity of the epitope in humans and significant diversity in the global distribution of HCV genotypes, the aim of this study was to construct an anti-HCV phage library by using a series of optimal strategies to screen novel broadly neutralizing antibodies from Chinese donors. mRNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples of 39 patients who were anti-HCV positive. A phage library was constructed by inserting a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) gene repertoire into the T7Select10-3b vector. A synthetic peptide representing the HCV E2 N-terminal 412-423 region was used as "bait" for bio-panning. The binding affinities of phage clones to the synthetic peptide were evaluated through peptide-ELISA. Two scFv clones (R3-19 and R4-85) showing the strongest binding affinities were selected. The complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of these clones were aligned with those of other previously reported broadly neutralizing anti-HCV antibodies, and multiple conserved amino acid sites were found. The optimized procedures ensured that two novel scFv antibodies were isolated from a constructed phage library and showed specific binding to the poorly immunogenic HCV E2 412-423 linear epitope. Keywords: phage antibody library; hepatitis C virus; broadly neutralizing antibody; synthetic peptide.
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48
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Hou FQ, Yin YL, Zeng LY, Shang J, Gong GZ, Pan C, Zhang MX, Yin CB, Xie Q, Peng YZ, Chen SJ, Mao Q, Chen YP, Mao QG, Zhang DZ, Han T, Wang MR, Zhao W, Liu JJ, Han Y, Zhao LF, Luo GH, Zhang JM, Peng J, Tan DM, Li ZW, Tang H, Wang H, Zhang YX, Li J, Zhang LL, Chen L, Jia JD, Chen CW, Zhen Z, Li BS, Niu JQ, Meng QH, Yuan H, Sun YT, Li SC, Sheng JF, Cheng J, Sun L, Wang GQ. [Clinical effect and safety of pegylated interferon-α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 25:589-596. [PMID: 29056008 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control. Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1. The course of treatment was 48 weeks and the patients were followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Plasma samples were collected at screening, baseline, and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 weeks for centralized detection. COBAS® Ampliprep/COBAS® TaqMan® HBV Test was used to measure HBV DNA level by quantitative real-time PCR. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Elecsys kit was used to measure HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe). Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary outcome measure was HBeAg seroconversion rate after the 24-week follow-up, and non-inferiority was also tested. The difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate after treatment between the trial group and the control group and two-sided confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and non-inferiority was demonstrated if the lower limit of 95% CI was > -10%. The t-test, chi-square test, or rank sum test was used according to the types and features of data. Results: A total of 855 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled and 820 of them received treatment (538 in the trial group and 282 in the control group). The data of the full analysis set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 27.32% in the trial group and 22.70% in the control group with a rate difference of 4.63% (95% CI -1.54% to 10.80%, P = 0.1493). The data of the per-protocol set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 30.75% in the trial group and 27.14% in the control group with a rate difference of 3.61% (95% CI -3.87% to 11.09%, P = 0.3436). 95% CI met the non-inferiority criteria, and the trial group was non-inferior to the control group. The two groups had similar incidence rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, and common adverse events. Conclusion: In Peg-IFN-α regimen for HBeAg-positive CHB patients, the new drug Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Q Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y L Yin
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - L Y Zeng
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - J Shang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - G Z Gong
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - C Pan
- Fuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - M X Zhang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, China
| | - C B Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Q Xie
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Z Peng
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - S J Chen
- Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Q Mao
- Southeast Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y P Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Q G Mao
- Xiamen Hospital of T.C.M, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - D Z Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - T Han
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - M R Wang
- 81th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - W Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - J J Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Y Han
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L F Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - G H Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical Universtiy, Nanning 530021, China
| | - J M Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J Peng
- Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - D M Tan
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Z W Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - H Tang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - J Li
- Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - L L Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 360102, China
| | - L Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - J D Jia
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - C W Chen
- 85th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Z Zhen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - B S Li
- 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Q Niu
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Chanchun 130062, China
| | - Q H Meng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Captial Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - H Yuan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y T Sun
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - S C Li
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - J F Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - J Cheng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - L Sun
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - G Q Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Bian L, Gao F, Mao Q, Sun S, Wu X, Liu S, Yang X, Liang Z. Hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A10: more serious than it seems. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:233-242. [PMID: 30793637 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1585242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral childhood illness, that has been a severe public health concern worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. According to epidemiological data of HFMD during the past decade, the most prevalent causal viruses were enterovirus (EV)-A71, coxsackievirus (CV)-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10. The public health burden of CV-A10-related diseases has been underestimated as their incidence was lower than that of EV-A71 and CV-A16 in most HFMD outbreaks. However, cases of CV-A10 infection are more severe, and its genome is more variable, which has alerted the research community worldwide. Areas covered: In this paper, studies on the epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, molecular epidemiology, seroepidemiology, animal models of CV-A10, and vaccines and antiviral strategies against this genotype are reviewed. In addition, the genetic evolution of circulating strains was analyzed. Expert opinion: Multivalent vaccines against EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10 should be a next-step HFMD vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Bian
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China.,b Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Wuhan , China
| | - Fan Gao
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Qunying Mao
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Shiyang Sun
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xing Wu
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- b Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
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Du R, Mao Q, Hu Y, Lang S, Sun S, Li K, Gao F, Bian L, Yang C, Cui B, Xu L, Cheng T, Liang Z. A potential therapeutic neutralization monoclonal antibody specifically against multi-coxsackievirus A16 strains challenge. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2343-2350. [PMID: 30735461 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1565266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) has caused worldwide epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), particularly in infants and pre-school children. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral drugs available for CA16-associated disease. In this study, a CA16-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) NA11F12 was derived with an epidemic CA16 strain (GenBank no. JX127258). NA11F12 was found to have high cross-neutralization activity against different CA16 subgenotypes but not EV71 using RD cells. The neutralizing titers of NA11F12 ranged from 1:1024 to 1:12288 against A, B1, B2 and C subgenotypes of CA16 and was less than 8 against EV71 strain. In the neonatal mouse model, a single treatment of NA11F12 showed effective protection with a dose- and time-dependent relationship against lethal challenge by CA16 strain (GenBank no. JX481738). At day 1 post-infection, administering more than 0.1 μg/g of NA11F12 could protect 100% newborn mice from mobility and mortality challenged by CA16. With dose of 10 μg/g of NA11F12, a single administration fully protected mice against CA16-associated disease within 4 days post-infection. And there were 80% and 60% mice protected by administering NA11F12 at day 5 post-infection and day 6 post-infection when the control mice had shown clinical symptoms for 1- and 2-day, respectively. Immunohistochemical and histological analysis confirmed that NA11F12 significantly prohibited CA16 VP1 expression in various tissues and prevented CA16-induced necrosis. In conclusion, a CA16-specific MAb NA11F12 with high cross-neutralization activity was identified, which could effectively protect lethal CA16 challenge in mice. It could be a potential therapeutic MAb against CA16 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiao Du
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Qunying Mao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Yalin Hu
- Hualan Biological Engineering Inc ., Henan , China
| | - Shuhui Lang
- Shandong Xinbo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd ., Dezhou , China
| | - Shiyang Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Kelei Li
- Beijing Minhai biotechnology Co. Ltd ., Beijing , China
| | - Fan Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Lianlian Bian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Ce Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Bopei Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
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