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Lin Z, Cabello B, Davé RN. Impact of dry coating lactose as a brittle excipient on multi-component blend processability. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123921. [PMID: 38382769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated the benefits of dry coating fine-grade microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) for enabling direct compression (DC), a favored tablet manufacturing method, due to enhanced flowability while retaining good compactability of placebo and binary blends of cohesive APIs. Here, fine brittle excipients, Pharmatose 450 (P450, 19 μm) and Pharmatose 350 (P350, 29 μm), having both poor flowability and compactability are dry coated with silica A200 or R972P to assess DC capability of multi-component cohesive API (coarse acetaminophen, 22 μm, and ibuprofen50, 47 μm) blends. Dry coated P450 and P350 not only attained excellent flowability and high bulk density but also heightened tensile strength hence processability, which contrasts with reported reduction for dry coated ductile MCC. Although hydrophobic R972P imparted better flowability, hydrophilic A200 better enhanced tensile strength, hence selected for dry coating P450 in multi-component blends that included fine Avicel PH-105. For coarse acetaminophen blends, substantial bulk density and flowability increase without any detrimental effect on tensile strength were observed; a lesser amount of dry coated P450 was better. Increased flowability, bulk density, and tensile strength, hence enhanced processability by reaching DC capability, were observed for 60 wt% ibuprofen50, using only 18 wt% of the dry coated P450, i.e. 0.18 wt% silica in the blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Lin
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Bian Cabello
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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2
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Kunnath KT, Tripathi S, Kim SS, Chen L, Zheng K, Davé RN. Selection of Silica Type and Amount for Flowability Enhancements via Dry Coating: Contact Mechanics Based Predictive Approach. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2917-2933. [PMID: 37468827 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of dry coating the amount and type of silica on powder flowability enhancement using a comprehensive set of 19 pharmaceutical powders having different sizes, surface roughness, morphology, and aspect ratios, as well as assess flow predictability via Bond number estimated using a mechanistic multi-asperity particle contact model. METHOD Particle size, shape, density, surface energy and area, SEM-based morphology, and FFC were assessed for all powders. Hydrophobic (R972P) or hydrophilic (A200) nano-silica were dry coated for each powder at 25%, 50%, and 100% surface area coverage (SAC). Flow predictability was assessed via particle size and Bond number. RESULTS Nearly maximal flow enhancement, one or more flow category, was observed for all powders at 50% SAC of either type of silica, equivalent to 1 wt% or less for both the hydrophobic R972P or hydrophilic A200, while R972P generally performed slightly better. Silica amount as SAC better helped understand the relative performance. The power-law relation between FFC and Bond number was observed. CONCLUSION Significant flow enhancements were achieved at 50% SAC, validating previous models. Most uncoated very cohesive powders improved by two flow categories, attaining easy flow. Flowability could not be predicted for both the uncoated and dry coated powders via particle size alone. Prediction was significantly better using Bond number computed via the mechanistic multi-asperity particle contact model accounting for the particle size, surface energy, roughness, and the amount and type of silica. The widely accepted 200 nm surface roughness was not valid for most pharmaceutical powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuriakose T Kunnath
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Siddharth Tripathi
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Sangah S Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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Kim SS, Seetahal A, Amores N, Kossor C, Davé RN. Impact of Silica Dry Coprocessing with API and Blend Mixing Time on Blend Flowability and Drug Content Uniformity. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2124-2136. [PMID: 37230252 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers two fine-sized (d50 ∼10 µm) model drugs, acetaminophen (mAPAP) and ibuprofen (Ibu), to examine the effect of API dry coprocessing on their multi-component medium DL (30 wt%) blends with fine excipients. The impact of blend mixing time on the bulk properties such as flowability, bulk density, and agglomeration was studied. The hypothesis tested is that blends with fine APIs at medium DL require good blend flowability to have good blend uniformity (BU). Moreover, the good flowability could be achieved through dry coating with hydrophobic (R972P) silica, which reduces agglomeration of not only fine API, but also of its blends while using fine excipients. For uncoated APIs, the blend flowability was poor, i.e. cohesive regime at all mixing times, and the blends failed to achieve acceptable BU. In contrast, for dry coated APIs, their blend flowability improved to easy-flow regime or better, improving with mixing time, and as hypothesized, all blends consequently achieved desired BU. All dry coated API blends exhibited improved bulk density and reduced agglomeration, attributed to mixing induced synergistic property enhancements, likely due to silica transfer. Despite coating with hydrophobic silica, tablet dissolution was improved, attributed to the reduced agglomeration of fine API.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah S Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ameera Seetahal
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Nicholas Amores
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Christopher Kossor
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Kim SS, Castillo C, Cheikhali M, Darweesh H, Kossor C, Davé RN. Enhanced blend uniformity and flowability of low drug loaded fine API blends via dry coating: The effect of mixing time and excipient size. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122722. [PMID: 36796658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Although previous research demonstrated improved flowability, packing, fluidization, etc. of individual powders via nanoparticle dry coating, none considered its impact on very low drug loaded blends. Here, fine ibuprofen at 1, 3, and 5 wt% drug loadings (DL) was used in multi-component blends to examine the impact of the excipients size, dry coating with hydrophilic or hydrophobic silica, and mixing times on the blend uniformity, flowability and drug release rates. For uncoated active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), the blend uniformity (BU) was poor for all blends regardless of the excipient size and mixing time. In contrast, for dry coated API having low agglomerate ratio (AR), BU was dramatically improved, more so for the fine excipient blends, at lesser mixing times. For dry coated API, the fine excipient blends mixed for 30 min had enhanced flowability and lower AR; better for the lowest DL having lesser silica, likely due to mixing induced synergy of silica redistribution. For the fine excipient tablets, dry coating led to fast API release rates even with hydrophobic silica coating. Remarkably, the low AR of the dry coated API even at very low DL and amounts of silica in the blend led to the enhanced blend uniformity, flow, and API release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah S Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chelsea Castillo
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Mirna Cheikhali
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Hadeel Darweesh
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Christopher Kossor
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Lin Z, Zheng K, Azad MA, Davé RN. Preparation of Free-Flowing Spray-Dried Amorphous Composites Using Neusilin ®. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:51. [PMID: 36703032 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly porous additive, Neusilin®, with high adsorption capability is investigated to improve bulk properties, hence processability of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Griseofulvin (GF) is applied as a model BCS class 2 drug in ASDs. Two grades of Neusilin®, US2 (coarser) and UFL2 (finer), were used as additives to produce spray-dried amorphous composite (AC) powders, and their performance was compared with the resulting ASDs without added Neusilin®. The resulting AC powders that included Neusilin® had greatly enhanced flowability (flow function coefficient (FFC) > 10) comparable to larger particles (100 μm) yet had finer particle size (< 50 μm), hence retaining the advantage of fast dissolution rate of finer sizes. Dissolution results demonstrated that achieved GF supersaturation for AC powders with Neusilin® was as high as 3 times that of crystalline GF concentration and was achieved within 30 min. In addition, 80% of drug was released within 4 min. The flowability improvement for AC powders with Neusilin® was more significant as compared to spray-dried ASDs without Neusilin®. Thus, the role of Neusilin® in flowability improvement was evident, considering that spray-dried AC with Neusilin® UFL2 has higher FFC than ASDs having a similar size. Lastly, the AC powders retained a fully amorphous state of GF after 3-month ambient storage. The overall results conveyed that the improved flowability and dissolution rate could outweigh the loss of drug loading resulted by addition of Neusilin®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Lin
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Mohammad A Azad
- Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering Department, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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6
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Kim SS, Castillo C, Sayedahmed M, Davé RN. Reduced Fine API Agglomeration After Dry Coating for Enhanced Blend Uniformity and Processability of Low Drug Loaded Blends. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3155-3174. [PMID: 35882741 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of dry coating on reduced API agglomeration remains underexplored. Therefore, this work quantified fine cohesive API agglomeration reduction through dry coating and its impact on enhanced blend uniformity and processability, i.e., flowability and bulk density of multi-component blends API loading as low as 1 wt%. METHODS The impact of dry coating with two different types and amounts of silica was assessed on cohesion, agglomeration, flowability, bulk density, wettability, and surface energy of fine milled ibuprofen (~ 10 µm). API agglomeration, measured using Gradis/QicPic employing gentler gravity-based dispersion, resulted in excellent size resolution. Multi-component blends with fine-sized excipients, selected for reduced segregation potential, were tested for bulk density, cohesion, flowability, and blend content uniformity. Tablets formed using these blends were tested for tensile strength and dissolution. RESULT All dry coated ibuprofen powders exhibited dramatic agglomeration reduction, corroborated by corresponding decreased cohesion, unconfined yield strength, and improved flowability, regardless of the type and amount of silica coating. Their blends exhibited profound enhancement in flowability and bulk density even at low API loadings, as well as the content uniformity for the lowest drug loading. Moreover, hydrophobic silica coating improved drug dissolution rate without appreciably reducing tablet tensile strength. CONCLUSION The dry coating based reduced agglomeration of fine APIs for all three low drug loadings improved overall blend properties (uniformity, flowability, API release rate) due to the synergistic impact of a minute amount of silica (0.007 wt %), potentially enabling direct compression tableting and aiding manufacturing of other forms of solid dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah S Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Chelsea Castillo
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Muhammad Sayedahmed
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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7
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Kim S, Cheikhali M, Davé RN. Decoding Fine API Agglomeration as a Key Indicator of Powder Flowability and Dissolution: Impact of Particle Engineering. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3079-3098. [PMID: 35698012 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fine API agglomeration and its mitigation via particle engineering, i.e., dry coating, remains underexplored. The purpose was to investigate agglomeration before and after dry coating of fine cohesive APIs and impact on powder processability, i.e., flowability (FFC), bulk density (BD), and dissolution of BCS Class II drugs. METHOD Ibuprofen (three sizes), fenofibrate, and griseofulvin (5-20 µm), before and after dry coating with varying amounts of hydrophobic (R972P) or hydrophilic (A200) nano- silica, were assessed for agglomeration, FFC, BD, surface energy, wettability, and dissolution. The granular Bond number (Bog), a dimensionless parameter, evaluated through material-sparing particle-scale measures and particle-contact models, was used to express relative powder cohesion. RESULTS Significant powder processability improvements after dry coating were observed: FFC increased by multiple flow regimes, BD increased by 25-100%, agglomerate ratio (AR) reduction by over an order of magnitude, and greatly enhanced API dissolution rate even with hydrophobic (R972P) silica coating. Scrutiny of particle-contact models revealed non-triviality in estimating API surface roughness, which was managed through the assessment of measured bulk properties. A power-law correlation was identified between AR and Bog and subsequently, between AR and FFC & bulk density; AR below 5 ensured improved processability and dissolution. CONCLUSION Agglomeration, an overlooked material-sparing measure for powder cohesiveness, was a key indicator of powder processability and dissolution. The significant agglomerate reduction was possible via dry coating with either silica type at adequate surface area coverage. Reduced agglomeration after dry coating also countered the adverse impact of increased surface hydrophobicity on dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - Mirna Cheikhali
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
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8
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DiStefano TJ, Vaso K, Panebianco CJ, Danias G, Chionuma HN, Kunnath K, Karoulias SZ, Wang M, Xu P, Davé RN, Sahoo S, Weiser JR, Iatridis JC. Hydrogel-Embedded Poly(Lactic- co-Glycolic Acid) Microspheres for the Delivery of hMSC-Derived Exosomes to Promote Bioactive Annulus Fibrosus Repair. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221113959. [PMID: 36040157 PMCID: PMC9434687 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disk degeneration is a prevalent postoperative complication after discectomy, underscoring the need to develop preventative and bioactive treatment strategies that decelerate degeneration and seal annulus fibrosus (AF) defects. Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) hold promise for cell-free bioactive repair; however, their ability to promote AF repair is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of MSC-Exos to promote endogenous AF repair processes and integrate MSC-Exos within a biomaterial delivery system. DESIGN We characterize biophysical and biochemical properties of normoxic (Nx) and hypoxic (Hx) preconditioned MSC-Exos from young, healthy donors and examine their effects on AF cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression. We then integrate a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere (PLGA µSphere) delivery platform within an interpenetrating network hydrogel to facilitate sustained MSC-Exo delivery. RESULTS Hx MSC-Exos led to a more robust response in AF cell proliferation and migration than Nx MSC-Exos and was selected for a downstream protection experiment. Hx MSC-Exos maintained a healthy AF cell phenotype under a TNFα challenge in vitro and attenuated catabolic responses. In all functional assays, AF cell responses were more sensitive to Hx MSC-Exos than Nx MSC-Exos. PLGA µSpheres released MSC-Exos over a clinically relevant timescale without affecting hydrogel modulus or pH upon initial embedment and µSphere degradation. CONCLUSIONS This MSC-Exo treatment strategy may offer benefits of stem cell therapy without the need for exogenous stem cell transplantation by stimulating cell proliferation, promoting cell migration, and protecting cells from the degenerative proinflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keti Vaso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J. Panebianco
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Danias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry N. Chionuma
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kuriakose Kunnath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Stylianos Z. Karoulias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of
Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative
Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Icahn Institute for Data Science and
Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic
Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative
Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Icahn Institute for Data Science and
Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh N. Davé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, New
Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Weiser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni
and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA,James C. Iatridis, Orthopaedic Research
Laboratories, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029,
USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Kuriakose Kunnath
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Rajesh N. Davé
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA
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Kim S, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Impact of altered hydrophobicity and reduced agglomeration on dissolution of micronized poorly water-soluble drug powders after dry coating. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120853. [PMID: 34252519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of dry coating with hydrophobic or hydrophilic nano-silica at 25-100% surface area coverage on dissolution of micronized poorly water-soluble drugs was investigated by examining their agglomeration and surface hydrophobicity. Ibuprofen (20 µm and 10 µm) and griseofulvin (10 µm) were selected having differing solubility, hydrophobicity, and surface morphology. Characterization involved particle agglomeration via two dry dispersion methods, drug dissolution using the USP IV method, cohesion reduction through shear testing, and powder wettability via the modified Washburn method. Dry coating dramatically reduced the cohesion hence agglomerate size of both the coated ibuprofen particles, but less for griseofulvin, attributed to its surface morphology. For hydrophobic silica, agglomerate size reduction outweighed the adverse impact of increased surface hydrophobicity for ibuprofen. For griseofulvin, the agglomerate reduction was much lower, not able to overcome the effect of increased drug particle hydrophobicity with hydrophobic silica coating. Hydrophilic silica coating reduced hydrophobicity for all three drug powders, leading to the synergistic improvement in the dissolution along with agglomerate size reduction. Overall, the combined effect of the drug particle surface hydrophobicity and agglomerate size, represented by specific surface area, could explain the dissolution behavior of these poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah Kim
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ecevit Bilgili
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Buyukgoz GG, Castro JN, Atalla AE, Pentangelo JG, Tripathi S, Davé RN. Impact of Mixing on Content Uniformity of Thin Polymer Films Containing Drug Micro-Doses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060812. [PMID: 34072382 PMCID: PMC8229899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of mixer type and critical process parameters (CPPs) on critical quality attributes (CQAs), including the drug content uniformity (CU) of slurry-cast polymer films loaded with micro-sized poorly water-soluble drugs were investigated. Previously untested hypothesis was that the best mixer at suitable CPPs promotes uniform drug dispersion within film precursors leading to acceptable dried-film CU at low, ~0.6 wt% drug concentrations. Taguchi design was utilized to select the best of three mixers; low-shear impeller, high-shear planetary, and high-intensity vibrational, for dried-film drug concentration of ~23 wt%. As-received fenofibrate, a model poorly water-soluble drug (~6 µm) was directly mixed with the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and glycerin aqueous solution. Impeller and planetary mixers yielded desirable film relative standard deviation (RSD), while vibrational mixer could not. For the lowest dried-film drug concentration of ~0.6 wt%, only planetary mixer yielded RSD <6%. The precursor drug homogeneity was a sufficient but not a necessary condition for achieving dried-film RSD <6%. Thus, proper selection of mixer and its CPPs assured desirable film CQAs. However, minor drug particle aggregation was identified via re-dispersion testing which also led to incomplete drug release.
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Kunnath K, Chen L, Zheng K, Davé RN. Assessing predictability of packing porosity and bulk density enhancements after dry coating of pharmaceutical powders. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Cetindag E, Pentangelo J, Arrieta Cespedes T, Davé RN. Effect of solvents and cellulosic polymers on quality attributes of films loaded with a poorly water-soluble drug. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:117012. [PMID: 33049873 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The combined effect of solvent, cellulosic polymer, and a poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate (FNB) on solution-cast pharmaceutical film quality attributes, e.g., morphology, drug recrystallization, content uniformity, mechanical properties, dissolution rate and supersaturation level, was investigated. Film morphology, content uniformity, and mechanical properties were impacted by the extent of FNB recrystallization which was strongly affected by FNB solubility in the solvent as compared to the polymer type, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose. FNB recrystallization affected drug dissolution rates and supersaturation under non-sink conditions. Specifically, the area under the curve linearly correlated with recrystallization. After one-year storage, FNB recrystallization reached very high levels even for the films with no initial recrystallization, suggesting low initial crystallinity does not guarantee stability. Thus, uncontrolled recrystallization and poor time-stability would be unavoidable for solution-cast films. Overall, both the polymer and the solvent strongly impact drug recrystallization, film structure, mechanical properties, dissolution rate, and supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Cetindag
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - John Pentangelo
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - Thierry Arrieta Cespedes
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA.
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Zheng K, Kunnath K, Ling Z, Chen L, Davé RN. Influence of guest and host particle sizes on dry coating effectiveness: When not to use high mixing intensity. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kevadiya BD, Chen L, Zhang L, Thomas MB, Davé RN. Fenofibrate Nanocrystal Composite Microparticles for Intestine-Specific Oral Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030109. [PMID: 31315263 PMCID: PMC6789785 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic drug nanocrystals (NCs) manufactured by particle engineering have been extensively investigated for enhanced oral bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. However, there are significant drawbacks, including fast dissolution of the nanocrystals in the gastric environment, leading to physicochemical instability. To solves this issue, we developed an innovative technique that involves the encapsulation of nanocrystals in composite spherical microparticles (NCSMs). Fenofibrate (FNB) NCs (FNB-NCs) manufactured by a wet stirred media milling (WSMM) technique and an ionotropic crosslinking method were used for FNB-NC encapsulation within gastroresistant NCSMs. Various solid-state methods were used for characterizing NCSMs. The pH-sensitive NCSMs showed a site-specific release pattern at alkaline pH and nearly 0% release at low pH (gastric environment). This phenomenon was confirmed by a real-time in situ UV-imaging system known as the surface dissolution imager (SDI), which was used to monitor drug release events by measuring the color intensity and concentration gradient formation. All these results proved that our NCSM approach is an innovative idea in oral drug delivery systems, as it resolves significant challenges in the intestine-specific release of hydrophobic drugs while avoiding fast dissolution or burst release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Liang Chen
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Midhun B Thomas
- Pandorum Technologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, Helix Biotech Park, Electronic City Phase 1, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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16
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Chen L, He Z, Kunnath KT, Fan S, Wei Y, Ding X, Zheng K, Davé RN. Surface engineered excipients: III. Facilitating direct compaction tableting of binary blends containing fine cohesive poorly-compactable APIs. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:354-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Naseri AT, Cetindag E, Forte J, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Convective Drying Kinetics of Polymer Strip Films Loaded with a BCS Class II Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:40. [PMID: 30610396 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer strip film is a promising dosage form for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Drying is an important step in the production of polymer strip films with significant effects on critical quality attributes (CQAs). In this study, a custom-made batch drying setup was used to study convective drying kinetics of wet polymer strip films loaded with dry-coated micronized griseofulvin (GF) at various drying conditions. A rate-based semi-empirical model was formulated and parameters were estimated by integral method of analysis using a coupled optimizer-ordinary differential equation solver. Despite its simplicity with three parameters, the model could fit the experimental data very well for all drying conditions, which enabled us to examine the effects of air velocity, temperature, and initial wet film thickness on drying kinetics quantitatively. The modeling results clearly delineate a drying mechanism with constant-rate and falling-rate periods. One set of kinetic parameter estimates reasonably predicted the drying kinetics for two different wet film thicknesses in the selected process conditions, which demonstrates the predictive capability of the model. After reporting the limitations of the semi-empirical model, upon future modification and refinement, its potential use in drying process development and process control was highlighted.
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Davé RN, Bilgili E, Wang CH. Special issue of the 8th World Congress on Particle Technology (WCPT8): Applications of particle technology for pharmaceuticals. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Huang Z, Kunnath KT, Han X, Deng X, Chen L, Davé RN. Ultra-fine dispersible powders coated with l-Leucine via two-step co-milling. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kevadiya BD, Zhang L, Davé RN. Sustained Release of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug from Hydrophilic Polymeric Film Sandwiched Between Hydrophobic Layers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2572-2584. [PMID: 29948990 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study explores the feasibility of using a drug-loaded hydrophilic polymeric layer sandwiched between two hydrophobic layers for improving film drug load while achieving sustained release of poorly water-soluble drug. Such films having total thickness in range ~ 146-250 μm were prepared by slurry-based casting using hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as matrix layer containing fenofibrate (FNB) as the model drug, encased between two very thin rate-limiting layers of 10 μm each of hydrophobic poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL). Film precursor slurry consisted of HPMC with plasticizer and water along with micronized FNB powders, which were dry-coated with hydrophilic silica. Characterization techniques demonstrated the presence of homogeneously dispersed crystalline FNB in films. The films are very thin and hence two-dimensional; hence, average drug load per unit area in range ~ 5 to ~ 9 mg/cm2 could be achieved by altering the thickness of the drug matrix layer. Drug amount and drug content uniformity were measured through assay of ten circular samples ~ 0.712 cm2 in area punched out using a circular-shaped punch tool. Drug release rate was investigated using USP IV flow-through cell and surface dissolution imaging system. Thinner films followed Fickian diffusion, and thicker films followed non-Fickian anomalous diffusion. Overall, the application of middle layer thickness could be used as a tool to manipulate drug load without the need for altering its formulation or precursor preparation by changing its thickness, hence achieving relatively high drug loading yet having sustained release of drug.
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Zhang L, Aloia M, Pielecha-Safira B, Lin H, Rajai PM, Kunnath K, Davé RN. Impact of Superdisintegrants and Film Thickness on Disintegration Time of Strip Films Loaded With Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Microparticles. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2107-2118. [PMID: 29665377 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although strip films are a promising platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles via slurry casting, the effect of critical material attributes, for example, superdisintegrants (SDIs) on critical quality attributes, including film disintegration time (DT), remains underexplored. A 2-level factorial design is considered to examine the impact of the SDI type (sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose sodium), their amount, and film thickness. SDIs were used with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (E15LV) and glycerin solutions along with viscosity matching. Fenofibrate, a model poorly water-soluble drug, was micronized and surface modified via fluid energy milling. Significant decreases in film DT, measured using 3 different methods, were observed due to the addition of SDIs. Percentage reduction in DT was a strong function of SDI amount, and thinner films disintegrated faster. Films with either higher SDI concentrations (>9%) or films under 80 μm, exhibited fast DT (<180 s, European Pharmacopeia). All thin films (50-60 μm) exhibited immediate release (>80% in 10 min). All films achieved good content uniformity, except for those with the lowest amount of SDI, attributed to insufficient viscosity and thickness nonuniformity due to the SDI. Finally, all films achieved adequate mechanical properties, notwithstanding minor negative impact of SDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Marie Aloia
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Barbara Pielecha-Safira
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Honghao Lin
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Prarthana Manoj Rajai
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Kuriakose Kunnath
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102.
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Zhang L, Alfano J, Race D, Davé RN. Zero-order release of poorly water-soluble drug from polymeric films made via aqueous slurry casting. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:245-254. [PMID: 29499350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant recent interest in polymeric films containing poorly water-soluble drugs, dissolution mechanism of thicker films has not been investigated. Consequently, release mechanisms of poorly water-soluble drugs from thicker hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films are investigated, including assessing thickness above which they exhibit zero-order drug release. Micronized, surface modified particles of griseofulvin, a model drug of BSC class II, were incorporated into aqueous slurry-cast films of different thicknesses (100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μm). Films 1000 μm and thicker were formed by either stacking two or more layers of ~500 μm, or forming a monolithic thick film. Compared to monolithic thick films, stacked films required simpler manufacturing process (easier casting, short drying time) and resulted in better critical quality attributes (appearance, uniformity of thickness and drug per unit area). Both the film forming approaches exhibited similar release profiles and followed the semi-empirical power law. As thickness increased from 100 μm to 2000 μm, the release mechanism changed from Fickian diffusion to zero-order release for films ≥1000 μm. The diffusional power law exponent, n, achieved value of 1, confirming zero-order release, whereas the percentage drug release varied linearly with sample surface area, and sample thickness due to fixed sample diameter. Thus, multi-layer hydrophilic polymer aqueous slurry-cast thick films containing poorly water-soluble drug particles provide a convenient dosage form capable of zero-order drug release with release time modulated through number of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joy Alfano
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Doran Race
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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24
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Chen L, Ding X, He Z, Huang Z, Kunnath KT, Zheng K, Davé RN. Surface engineered excipients: I. improved functional properties of fine grade microcrystalline cellulose. Int J Pharm 2018; 536:127-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Zhang L, Li Y, Abed M, Davé RN. Incorporation of surface-modified dry micronized poorly water-soluble drug powders into polymer strip films. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:462-472. [PMID: 29170115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has established polymer strip films as a robust platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs via slurry casting, in particular using stable drug nanosuspensions. Here, a simpler, robust method to directly incorporate dry micronized poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate (FNB), is introduced. As a major novelty, simultaneous surface modification using hydrophilic silica along with micronization was done using fluid energy mill (FEM) in order to reduce FNB hydrophobicity and powder agglomeration. It is hypothesized that silica coating promotes easy, uniform dispersion of micronized and coated FNB (MC-FNB) during direct mixing with aqueous hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-E15LV) and glycerin solutions. Uniform dispersion leads to improved film critical quality attributes (CQAs) such as appearance, drug content uniformity and drug dissolution. The impact of polymer solution viscosity (low and high), mixer type (low versus high shear), and FNB surface modification on film CQAs were also assessed. Films with as-received FNB (AR-FNB) and micronized uncoated FNB (MU-FNB) were prepared as control. When MC-FNB powders were used, films exhibited improved appearance (thickness uniformity, visible lumps/agglomerates), better drug content uniformity (expressed as relative standard deviation), fast and immediate drug release, and enhanced mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation percentage), regardless of the polymer solution viscosity or mixer type. These results compare favorably with those reported using nanosuspensions of FNB, establishing the feasibility of directly incorporating surface modified-micronized poorly water-soluble drug powders in film manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yidong Li
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Manal Abed
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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26
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Huang Z, Xiong W, Kunnath K, Bhaumik S, Davé RN. Improving blend content uniformity via dry particle coating of micronized drug powders. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:344-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Krull SM, Moreno J, Li M, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Critical material attributes (CMAs) of strip films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles: III. Impact of drug nanoparticle loading. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:33-41. [PMID: 28315716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer strip films have emerged as a robust platform for poorly water-soluble drug delivery. However, the common conception is that films cannot exceed low drug loadings, mainly due to poor drug stability, slow release, and film brittleness. This study explores the ability to achieve high loadings of poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles in strip films while retaining good mechanical properties and enhanced dissolution rate. Aqueous suspensions containing up to 30wt% griseofulvin nanoparticles were prepared via wet stirred media milling and incorporated into hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films. Griseofulvin loading in films was adjusted to be between 9 and 49wt% in HPMC-E15 films and 30 and 73wt% in HPMC-E4M films by varying the mixing ratio of HPMC solution-to-griseofulvin suspension. All films exhibited good content uniformity and nanoparticle redispersibility up to 50wt% griseofulvin, while E4M films above 50wt% griseofulvin had slightly worse content uniformity and poor nanoparticle redispersibility. Increasing drug loading in films generally required more time to achieve 100% release during dissolution, although polymer-drug clusters dispersed from E4M films above 50wt% griseofulvin, resulting in similar dissolution profiles. While all films exhibited good tensile strength, a significant decrease in percent elongation was observed above 40-50wt% GF, resulting in brittle films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krull
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jacqueline Moreno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.
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Krull SM, Ammirata J, Bawa S, Li M, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Critical Material Attributes of Strip Films Loaded With Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Nanoparticles: II. Impact of Polymer Molecular Weight. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:619-628. [PMID: 27871727 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent work established polymer strip films as a robust platform for delivery of poorly water-soluble drug particles. However, a simple means of manipulating rate of drug release from films with minimal impact on film mechanical properties has yet to be demonstrated. This study explores the impact of film-forming polymer molecular weight (MW) and concentration on properties of polymer films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of griseofulvin, a model Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug, were prepared in aqueous suspension via wet stirred media milling. Aqueous solutions of 3 viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (14, 21, and 88 kDa) at 3 viscosity levels (∼9500, ∼12,000, and ∼22,000 cP) were mixed with drug suspension, cast, and dried to produce films containing griseofulvin nanoparticles. Few differences in film tensile strength or elongation at break were observed between films within each viscosity level regardless of polymer MW despite requiring up to double the time to achieve 100% drug release. This suggests film-forming polymer MW can be used to manipulate drug release with little impact on film mechanical properties by matching polymer solution viscosity. In addition, changing polymer MW and concentration had no negative impact on drug content uniformity or nanoparticle redispersibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krull
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Jennifer Ammirata
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Sonia Bawa
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Meng Li
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102.
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Li M, Zhang L, Davé RN, Bilgili E. An Intensified Vibratory Milling Process for Enhancing the Breakage Kinetics during the Preparation of Drug Nanosuspensions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:389-99. [PMID: 26182907 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a drug-sparing approach in early development, vibratory milling has been used for the preparation of nanosuspensions of poorly water-soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to intensify this process through a systematic increase in vibration intensity and bead loading with the optimal bead size for faster production. Griseofulvin, a poorly water-soluble drug, was wet-milled using yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with sizes ranging from 50 to 1500 μm at low power density (0.87 W/g). Then, this process was intensified with the optimal bead size by sequentially increasing vibration intensity and bead loading. Additional experiments with several bead sizes were performed at high power density (16 W/g), and the results were compared to those from wet stirred media milling. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dissolution tests were used for characterization. Results for the low power density indicated 800 μm as the optimal bead size which led to a median size of 545 nm with more than 10% of the drug particles greater than 1.8 μm albeit the fastest breakage. An increase in either vibration intensity or bead loading resulted in faster breakage. The most intensified process led to 90% of the particles being smaller than 300 nm. At the high power intensity, 400 μm beads were optimal, which enhanced griseofulvin dissolution significantly and signified the importance of bead size in view of the power density. Only the optimally intensified vibratory milling led to a comparable nanosuspension to that prepared by the stirred media milling.
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Krull SM, Ma Z, Li M, Davé RN, Bilgili E. Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving pullulan films containing BCS class II drug nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:1073-85. [PMID: 26567632 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess pullulan as a novel steric stabilizer during the wet-stirred media milling (WSMM) of griseofulvin, a model poorly water-soluble drug, and as a film-former in the preparation of strip films via casting-drying the wet-milled drug suspensions for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement. To this end, pullulan films, with xanthan gum (XG) as thickening agent and glycerin as plasticizer, were loaded with griseofulvin nanoparticles prepared by WSMM using pullulan in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an ionic stabilizer. The effects of drug loading and milling time on the particle size and suspension stability were investigated, as well as XG concentration and casting thickness on film properties and dissolution rate. The nanosuspensions prepared with pullulan-SDS combination were relatively stable over 7 days; hence, this combination was used for the film preparation. All pullulan-based strip films exhibited excellent content uniformity (most <3% RSD) despite containing only 0.3-1.3 mg drug, which was ensured by the use of precursor suspensions with >5000 cP viscosity. USP IV dissolution tests revealed fast/immediate drug release (t80 < 30 min) from films <120 μm thick. Thinner films, films with lower XG loading, or smaller drug particles led to faster drug dissolution, while drug loading had no discernible effect. Overall, these results suggest that pullulan may serve as an acceptable stabilizer for media milling in combination with surfactant as well as a fast-dissolving film former for the fast release of poorly water-soluble drug nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Krull
- a Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Zhelun Ma
- a Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Meng Li
- a Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- a Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Ecevit Bilgili
- a Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
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Capece M, Barrows J, Davé RN. Controlled Release from Drug Microparticles via Solventless Dry-Polymer Coating. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1340-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Huang Z, Scicolone JV, Han X, Davé RN. Improved blend and tablet properties of fine pharmaceutical powders via dry particle coating. Int J Pharm 2015; 478:447-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Zhang J, Ying Y, Pielecha-Safira B, Bilgili E, Ramachandran R, Romañach R, Davé RN, Iqbal Z. Raman spectroscopy for in-line and off-line quantification of poorly soluble drugs in strip films. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:428-37. [PMID: 25173638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was used as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool for in-line measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content during continuous manufacturing of strip films containing nanoparticles of poorly water-soluble APIs. Fenofibrate and naproxen were used as model APIs, whose concentrations ranged from 3% to 26% (w/w) in the model calibration. For both in-line and off-line measurements, calibration models employed partial least square (PLS) analysis, yielding correlation coefficients (R(2)) greater than 0.9946 and root mean squared error of calibration (RMSEC) of about 0.44%, indicating the validity and accuracy of the calibration. The robustness of Raman spectroscopy as a PAT tool was established by considering three processing parameters after substrate interference correction: sensing location, substrate speed and film thickness. Calibration models for each API were validated using a separate batch of strip films by predicting the API concentrations to within ±1.3%. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explain the interactions between processing variables and calibration models, which suggest that besides API concentration, film thickness could also be monitored using Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy as an effective PAT tool for novel strip film manufacturing process, facilitating detection of drug form and concentration in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ye Ying
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Rohit Ramachandran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rodolfo Romañach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Rajesh N Davé
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Capece M, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Formulation of a physically motivated specific breakage rate parameter for ball milling via the discrete element method. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxx Capece
- Otto H. York Dept. of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102
| | - Ecevit Bilgili
- Otto H. York Dept. of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102
| | - Rajesh N. Davé
- Otto H. York Dept. of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102
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Knieke C, Rawtani A, Davé RN. Concentrated Fenofibrate Nanoparticle Suspensions from Melt Emulsification for Enhanced Drug Dissolution. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Susarla R, Sievens-Figueroa L, Bhakay A, Shen Y, Jerez-Rozo JI, Engen W, Khusid B, Bilgili E, Romañach RJ, Morris KR, Michniak-Kohn B, Davé RN. Fast drying of biocompatible polymer films loaded with poorly water-soluble drug nano-particles via low temperature forced convection. Int J Pharm 2013; 455:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Beck C, Sievens-Figueroa L, Gärtner K, Jerez-Rozo JI, Romañach RJ, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Effects of stabilizers on particle redispersion and dissolution from polymer strip films containing liquid antisolvent precipitated griseofulvin particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Davé RN, Bilgili E, Cuitiño A, Jallo L. Special issue on pharmaceutical powders: Towards developing understanding of the influence of materials and processes on product performance. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Ghoroi C, Gurumurthy L, McDaniel D, Jallo LJ, Davé RN. Multi-faceted characterization of pharmaceutical powders to discern the influence of surface modification. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Sievens-Figueroa L, Pandya N, Bhakay A, Keyvan G, Michniak-Kohn B, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Using USP I and USP IV for discriminating dissolution rates of nano- and microparticle-loaded pharmaceutical strip-films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1473-82. [PMID: 23090112 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in the development of drug particle-laden strip-films suggests the need for establishing standard regulatory tests for their dissolution. In this work, we consider the dissolution testing of griseofulvin (GF) particles, a poorly water-soluble compound, incorporated into a strip-film dosage form. The basket apparatus (USP I) and the flow-through cell dissolution apparatus (USP IV) were employed using 0.54% sodium dodecyl sulfate as the dissolution medium as per USP standard. Different rotational speeds and dissolution volumes were tested for the basket method while different cell patterns/strip-film position and dissolution media flow rate were tested using the flow-through cell dissolution method. The USP I was not able to discriminate dissolution of GF particles with respect to particle size. On the other hand, in the USP IV, GF nanoparticles incorporated in strip-films exhibited enhancement in dissolution rates and dissolution extent compared with GF microparticles incorporated in strip-films. Within the range of patterns and flow rates used, the optimal discrimination behavior was obtained when the strip-film was layered between glass beads and a flow rate of 16 ml/min was used. These results demonstrate the superior discriminatory power of the USP IV and suggest that it could be employed as a testing device in the development of strip-films containing drug nanoparticles.
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Balachandran DK, Jallo LJ, Davé RN, Beaudoin SP. Adhesion of dry nano-coated microparticles to stainless steel: A physical interpretation. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Sievens-Figueroa L, Bhakay A, Jerez-Rozo JI, Pandya N, Romañach RJ, Michniak-Kohn B, Iqbal Z, Bilgili E, Davé RN. Preparation and characterization of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose films containing stable BCS Class II drug nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:496-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jallo LJ, Ghoroi C, Gurumurthy L, Patel U, Davé RN. Improvement of flow and bulk density of pharmaceutical powders using surface modification. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:213-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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45
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Mullarney MP, Beach LE, Davé RN, Langdon BA, Polizzi M, Blackwood DO. Applying dry powder coatings to pharmaceutical powders using a comil for improving powder flow and bulk density. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Scicolone J, Mujumdar A, Sundaresan S, Davé RN. Environmentally benign dry mechanical mixing of nano-particles using magnetically assisted impaction mixing process. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Banerjee A, Misra M, Pai D, Shih LY, Woodley R, Lu XJ, Srinivasan AR, Olson WK, Davé RN, Venanzi CA. Feature extraction using molecular planes for fuzzy relational clustering of a flexible dopamine reuptake inhibitor. J Chem Inf Model 2007; 47:2216-27. [PMID: 17967005 DOI: 10.1021/ci7001632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six rigid-body parameters (Shift, Slide, Rise, Tilt, Roll, Twist) are commonly used to describe the relative displacement and orientation of successive base pairs in a nucleic acid structure. The present work adapts this approach to describe the relative displacement and orientation of any two planes in an arbitrary molecule-specifically, planes which contain important pharmacophore elements. Relevant code from the 3DNA software package (Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31, 5108-5121) was generalized to treat molecular fragments other than DNA bases as input for the calculation of the corresponding rigid-body (or "planes") parameters. These parameters were used to construct feature vectors for a fuzzy relational clustering study of over 700 conformations of a flexible analogue of the dopamine reuptake inhibitor, GBR 12909. Several cluster validity measures were used to determine the optimal number of clusters. Translational (Shift, Slide, Rise) rather than rotational (Tilt, Roll, Twist) features dominate clustering based on planes that are relatively far apart, whereas both types of features are important to clustering when the pair of planes are close by. This approach was able to classify the data set of molecular conformations into groups and to identify representative conformers for use as template conformers in future Comparative Molecular Field Analysis studies of GBR 12909 analogues. The advantage of using the planes parameters, rather than the combination of atomic coordinates and angles between molecular planes used in our previous fuzzy relational clustering of the same data set (J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2005, 45, 610-623), is that the present clustering results are independent of molecular superposition and the technique is able to identify clusters in the molecule considered as a whole. This approach is easily generalizable to any two planes in any molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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48
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Misra M, Banerjee A, Davé RN, Venanzi CA. Novel feature extraction technique for fuzzy relational clustering of a flexible dopamine reuptake inhibitor. J Chem Inf Model 2005; 45:610-23. [PMID: 15921451 DOI: 10.1021/ci049708d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel clustering methodology for classifying over 700 conformations of a flexible analogue of GBR 12909, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor that has completed phase I clinical trials as a treatment for cocaine abuse. The major aspect of the clustering methodology includes an efficient data-conditioning scheme where a systematic feature extraction procedure based on the structural properties of the molecule was used to reduce the associated feature space. This allowed region-specific clustering that focused on individual pharmacophore elements of the molecule. For clustering of the reduced feature set, the fuzzy clustering partitional method was utilized. Due to the relational nature of the feature data, fuzzy relational clustering was employed, and it successfully detected natural groups defined by rotational minima around N(sp(3))-C(sp(3)), O(sp(3))-C(sp(3)), and C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) bonds. The proposed clustering methodology also employed several cluster validity measures, which corroborated the partitions produced by the clustering technique and agreed with the results of hierarchical clustering using the XCluster program. Representative structures which exhibited a reasonable spread of energies and showed good spatial coverage of the conformational space were identified for use as putative bioactive conformations in a future Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of GBR 12909 analogues. The clustering methodology developed here is capable of handling other computational chemistry problems, and the feature extraction technique can be easily generalized to other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Misra
- Departments of Chemistry, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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