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Sinha S, Nishant P, Sinha RK. Dr. Dukhan Ram: The pioneer of ophthalmic education in Bihar. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3266. [PMID: 37602625 PMCID: PMC10565936 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_959_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sony Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Prateek Nishant
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ranjeet K. Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
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Kumari A, Ranjan A, Nishant P, Sinha S, Sinha RK. Cross-sectional study to describe the severity, bio-chemical associations, and final outcomes of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a tertiary hospital of East India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2193-2198. [PMID: 37202947 PMCID: PMC10391476 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2507_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered a mucormycosis epidemic in India. Diabetes mellitus and dysregulated immune response were contributors, and rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) was the most common presentation. It is however not known whether bio-chemical parameters at presentation correlate with stage of ROCM or final outcome in terms of vision or mortality. Methods This retrospective, hospital-based study included all in-patients of mucormycosis with ophthalmic manifestations at presentation admitted during June 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021. It aimed to evaluate the association between severity of infection, serum levels of HbA1c, ferritin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels at presentation and outcome. Results There were altogether 47 eligible cases having a mean age of 48.8 ± 10.9 years with a male:female ratio of 2.6:1; forty-two (89.4%) had pre-existing diabetes, and five (10.6%) had steroid-induced hyperglycemia. The mean HbA1c among diabetics was 9.7 ± 2.1. HbA1c and serum CRP showed an increase over subsequent stages, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). IL-6 values for all stages were similar (P = 0.97). Only serum ferritin levels showed a statistically significant increase over stages (P = 0.04). IL-6 was significantly lower (P = 0.03) in patients who survived, whereas CRP levels were significantly lower in patients who had final visual acuity (VA) better than only perception of light (P = 0.03). Conclusion Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a significant association of ROCM. Serum ferritin levels at presentation best correlate with extent of the disease. CRP levels are best to prognosticate cases that will have sufficient VA to carry on activities of daily living, whereas IL-6 levels are best associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Kumari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
| | - Prateek Nishant
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Sony Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Patna Medical College, Patna, India
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Thakur A, Maitra S, Sinha RK, Devi P. Plasmonic Copper-activated ZnO Microarrays for Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Applications. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201155. [PMID: 36519348 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, green synthesized plasmonic copper nanostructures derived from carbon quantum dots (PCQDs) activated ZnO microarrays (MAs) based catalyst system is developed and studied for photocatalytic activity and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. CQDs are synthesized from pharmaceutical waste and used as a reducing agent to synthesize PCQDs of an average size of 10±2 nm. PCQDs decorated ZnO (PCQDs/ZnO) MAs exhibited enhanced photocurrent density of ∼7.1 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), which is ∼11 fold to ZnO MAs alone (0.65 mA/cm2 ). The catalyst exhibits an ABPE of 1.07% at 0.7 V (vs. RHE), IPEC of 8.8% for 450 nm, and hydrogen production rate of 435 μmol/h. The enhanced PEC characteristics are assigned to the improved photons collection and better charge transfer for their participation in oxidation/reduction reaction. The same is well supported with DFT studies for the PCQDs/ZnO MAs catalyst for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India.,CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector-30C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - Soumyajit Maitra
- CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector-30C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - R K Sinha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India.,CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector-30C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pooja Devi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India.,CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector-30C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
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Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Aliaga-Rossel E, Beasley I, Briceño Y, Caballero S, da Silva VMF, Gilleman C, Gravena W, Hines E, Shahnawaz Khan M, Khan U, Kreb D, Mangel JC, Marmontel M, Mei Z, Mintzer VJ, Mosquera-Guerra F, Oliveira-da_Costa MO, Paschoalini Frias M, Paudel S, Sinha RK, Smith BD, Turvey ST, Utreras V, Van Damme PA, Wang D, Sayuri Whitty T, Thurstan RH, Godley BJ. Challenges and priorities for river cetacean conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sinha NK, Sinha RK. Vitamin D in Ankle Fractures. Malays Orthop J 2021; 15:174-175. [PMID: 34429841 PMCID: PMC8381673 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2107.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N K Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Manipal University College Malaysia, Malacca City, Malaysia
| | - R K Sinha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, India
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Sinha S, Sinha RK, Nishant P. Profile of donors and corneal tissue obtained through hospital cornea retrieval programme in a recently established eye bank of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Eastern India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2195-2201. [PMID: 34322412 PMCID: PMC8284231 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2279_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: There is a global need for quality eye banking practices and sensitization of primary care physicians toward corneal donation. Aims: To evaluate performance of a recently established eye bank (EB) and quality of corneas obtained, and identify areas of improvement during procurement and utilization of donor corneas. Settings and Design: This retrospective observational study is based on records of corneas collected through hospital cornea retrieval programme (HRCP) in the EB of a tertiary care institution during the first 2 years of its establishment. Methods and Material: Data on demographic characteristics of donors, death-preservation interval, specular microscopy parameters of corneas, indications for utilization, and reasons for non-utilization of corneas were collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Means, standard deviation, range, frequencies, and proportions were analyzed. Spearman's correlation coefficient and Kruskal–Wallis test were applied taking P < 0.05 as significant. Results: The EB retrieved 54 corneas from 27 donors with mean age 42.3 ± 24.2 years. All tissues were preserved in Cornisol®. Majority (50%) of transplantable tissues had an endothelial cell density (ECD) between 2,000 and 2,500 cells/mm2. ECD decreased significantly with increasing age (Spearman's ρ -0.747, P < 0.001; Kruskal–Wallis P < 0.001). Overall utilization rate of tissues was 87.04% (47/54), and utilizable corneas (50/54, 92.6%) were mainly used for optical purposes (34/50, 68%). Conclusions: Successful HCRP of the recently established EB has shown considerable promise in terms of quality and utilisation of corneas. There is need for active involvement of primary care physicians in contributing to increasing voluntary eye donation through awareness, advocacy, and social mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sony Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Community Medicine, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Prateek Nishant
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Bharti, Gopmandal PP, Sinha RK, Ohshima H. Effect of core hydrophobicity on the electrophoresis of pH-regulated soft particles. Soft Matter 2021; 17:3074-3084. [PMID: 33596298 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a theoretical study on the electrophoresis of core-shell composite soft particles considering the effect of hydrodynamic slip length of the hydrophobic inner core. The surface of the inner core as well as the soft polymeric shell bear zwitterionic functional groups and the charged conditions depend on the nearby micro-environment. Within a low potential and weak electric field framework, the mathematical equations of the generalized electrokinetic theory for soft surfaces are solved analytically subject to appropriate boundary conditions, and a general electrophoretic mobility expression in an integral form involving the pH-dependent electrostatic potential is derived. With the help of suitable numerical schemes, electrophoretic mobility can easily be obtained. The effect of hydrophobicity of the inner core on the electrophoretic mobility of pH-regulated soft particles is illustrated for a wide range of pertinent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
| | - R K Sinha
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Kumar B, De S, Gopmandal PP, Sinha RK, Ohshima H. Electrophoresis of dielectric and immiscible-liquid-layer-encapsulated colloids in aqueous media. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042618. [PMID: 33212703 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we consider the electrophoresis of a functionalized nanoparticle in electrolyte solution. The undertaken particle is comprised of a rigid inner core encapsulated with a layer of dielectric liquid (e.g., oil or lipid layer), which is immiscible to the bulk aqueous medium. The peripheral liquid layer of the undertaken nanoparticle contains mobile charges due to presence of solubilized surfactants. The mobile electrolyte ions can penetrate across the peripheral layer depending on the difference in the Born energy of the both phases. Such types of nanoparticles have received substantial attention due to their widespread applications in biomedical research. The electric double layer (EDL) is governed by the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation under a low potential limit and the electroosmotic flow field is governed by modified Stokes equation. We adopt the flat-plate formalism to obtain the closed analytical expression for the electrophoretic mobility of the undertaken particle under a thin EDL approximation. The dependence of electrophoretic mobility on the pertinent parameters is also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - Simanta De
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda-732103, India
| | - Partha P Gopmandal
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - R K Sinha
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna-800005, India
| | - H Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Sinha RK, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Xu X, Burnier L, Gupta N, Fernández JA, Martin G, Kupriyanov S, Mosnier LO, Zlokovic BV, Griffin JH. PAR1 biased signaling is required for activated protein C in vivo benefits in sepsis and stroke. Blood 2018; 131:1163-1171. [PMID: 29343482 PMCID: PMC5855020 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-810895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) cleaves protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in vitro at R46 to initiate beneficial cell signaling; however, thrombin and APC can cleave at R41. To elucidate PAR1-dependent aspects of the pharmacologic in vivo mechanisms of APC, we generated C57BL/6 mouse strains carrying QQ41 or QQ46 point mutations in PAR1 (F2r gene). Using these strains, we determined whether or not recombinant murine signaling-selective APC mutants would reduce septic death or provide neuroprotection against ischemic stroke when mice carried PAR1-homozygous mutations that prevent cleavage at either R41 or R46. Intercrossing PAR1+/R46Q mice generated expected numbers of PAR1+/+, PAR1+/R46Q, and R46Q/R46Q offspring whereas intercrossing PAR1+/R41Q mice gave decreased R41Q/R41Q homozygotes (resembling intercrossing PAR1+/PAR1-knockout mice). QQ41-PAR1 and QQ46-PAR1 brain endothelial cells showed the predicted retention or loss of cellular responses to thrombin receptor-activating peptide, thrombin, or APC for each PAR1 mutation. In sepsis studies, exogenous APC reduced mortality from 50% to 10% in Escherichia coli-induced pneumonia for wild-type (Wt) PAR1 and QQ41-PAR1 mice (P < .01) but had no benefit for QQ46-PAR1 mice. In transient distal middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke studies, exogenous APC significantly reduced infarct size, edema, and neuronal apoptosis for Wt mice and QQ41-PAR1 mice but had no detectable benefits for mice carrying QQ46-PAR1. In functional studies of forelimb-asymmetry and foot-fault tests at 24 hours after stroke induction, signaling-selective APC was beneficial for Wt and QQ41-PAR1 mice but not QQ46-PAR1 mice. These results support the concept that APC-induced, PAR1-dependent biased signaling following R46 cleavage is central to the in vivo benefits of APC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Xiao Xu
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Naveen Gupta
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Greg Martin
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - John H Griffin
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Fernandez JA, Xu X, Sinha RK, Mosnier LO, Griffin JH. Abstract 33: Activated Protein C Light Chain Provides an Extended Binding Surface for Anticoagulant Cofactor Protein S. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma protein S whose deficiency is linked to increased risk for thrombosis provides anticoagulant cofactor activity for activated protein C (APC) by enhancing rates of inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa. Previous APC mutagenesis studies showed that residues 35-39 in the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain are required for normal interactions with protein S, indicating the APC Gla domain binds protein S. Here we used mutagenesis of APC to interrogate the surface of APC’s light chain to identify the extended binding surface for protein S. We characterized the ability of protein S to enhance the anticoagulant activity of multiple recombinant APC variants using factor Xa-1-stage clotting assays using normal pooled plasma and protein S-depleted plasma. Mutations of residues L38, K43, I73, F95, and W115 in APC significantly reduced protein S’s cofactor activity. An APC variant carrying all of these five mutations lost all of protein S cofactor activity. On the crystallographic structure of APC, these five residues delineate an extended surface on only one side of the APC light chain that identifies the putative protein S binding site which is found on a face that is opposite APC’s catalytic triad site. Each of the APC variants with single or multiple L38, K43, I73, F95, and W115 mutations showed a normal ability to cleave SEAP-labeled PAR1 at Arg 41 and Arg 46, implying that the protein S-binding surface does not bind EPCR or PAR1. In summary, mutagenesis studies identify an extended surface on a single face of APC’s light chain for binding protein S. This knowledge will enable design and interpretation of new APC biologics with enhanced translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Xu
- The Scripps Rsch Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Sinha RK, Yang XV, Fernández JA, Xu X, Mosnier LO, Griffin JH. Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 Mediates Activated Protein C-Induced Endothelial Akt Activation and Endothelial Barrier Stabilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:518-24. [PMID: 26800564 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activated protein C (APC), a plasma serine protease, initiates cell signaling that protects endothelial cells from apoptosis and endothelial barrier disruption. Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2; LRP8) is a receptor known for mediating signaling initiated by reelin in neurons. ApoER2 contributes to APC-initiated signaling in monocytic U937 cells. The objective was to determine whether ApoER2 is required for APC's beneficial signaling in the endothelial cell surrogate EA.hy926 line. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used small interfering RNA and inhibitors to probe requirements for specific receptors for APC's antiapoptotic activity and for phosphorylation of disabled-1 by Src family kinases and of Akt. When small interfering RNA for ApoER2 or endothelial cell protein C receptor or protease activated receptor 1 was used, APC's antiapoptotic activity was ablated, indicating that each of these receptors was required. In EA.hy926 cells, APC induced a 2- to 3-fold increased phosphorylation of Ser473-Akt and Tyr232-disabled-1, a phosphorylation known to trigger disabled-1-mediated signaling in other cell types. Ser473-Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by ApoER2 small interfering RNA or by inhibitors of Src (PP2), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (LY303511), and protease activated receptor 1 (SCH79797). ApoER2 small interfering RNA blocked the ability of APC to prevent thrombin-induced endothelial barrier disruption in TransEndothelial Resistance assays. Binding studies using purified APC and purified immobilized wild-type and mutated ApoER2 ectodomains suggested that APC binding involves Lys49, Asp50, and Trp64 on the surface of the N-terminal LA1 domain of ApoER2. CONCLUSIONS ApoER2 contributes cooperatively with endothelial cell protein C receptor and protease activated receptor 1 to APC-initiated endothelial antiapoptotic and barrier protective signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet K Sinha
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xia V Yang
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - José A Fernández
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiao Xu
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laurent O Mosnier
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - John H Griffin
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.
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Goodson WH, Lowe L, Carpenter DO, Gilbertson M, Manaf Ali A, Lopez de Cerain Salsamendi A, Lasfar A, Carnero A, Azqueta A, Amedei A, Charles AK, Collins AR, Ward A, Salzberg AC, Colacci A, Olsen AK, Berg A, Barclay BJ, Zhou BP, Blanco-Aparicio C, Baglole CJ, Dong C, Mondello C, Hsu CW, Naus CC, Yedjou C, Curran CS, Laird DW, Koch DC, Carlin DJ, Felsher DW, Roy D, Brown DG, Ratovitski E, Ryan EP, Corsini E, Rojas E, Moon EY, Laconi E, Marongiu F, Al-Mulla F, Chiaradonna F, Darroudi F, Martin FL, Van Schooten FJ, Goldberg GS, Wagemaker G, Nangami GN, Calaf GM, Williams G, Wolf GT, Koppen G, Brunborg G, Lyerly HK, Krishnan H, Ab Hamid H, Yasaei H, Sone H, Kondoh H, Salem HK, Hsu HY, Park HH, Koturbash I, Miousse IR, Scovassi AI, Klaunig JE, Vondráček J, Raju J, Roman J, Wise JP, Whitfield JR, Woodrick J, Christopher JA, Ochieng J, Martinez-Leal JF, Weisz J, Kravchenko J, Sun J, Prudhomme KR, Narayanan KB, Cohen-Solal KA, Moorwood K, Gonzalez L, Soucek L, Jian L, D'Abronzo LS, Lin LT, Li L, Gulliver L, McCawley LJ, Memeo L, Vermeulen L, Leyns L, Zhang L, Valverde M, Khatami M, Romano MF, Chapellier M, Williams MA, Wade M, Manjili MH, Lleonart ME, Xia M, Gonzalez MJ, Karamouzis MV, Kirsch-Volders M, Vaccari M, Kuemmerle NB, Singh N, Cruickshanks N, Kleinstreuer N, van Larebeke N, Ahmed N, Ogunkua O, Krishnakumar PK, Vadgama P, Marignani PA, Ghosh PM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Thompson PA, Dent P, Heneberg P, Darbre P, Sing Leung P, Nangia-Makker P, Cheng QS, Robey RB, Al-Temaimi R, Roy R, Andrade-Vieira R, Sinha RK, Mehta R, Vento R, Di Fiore R, Ponce-Cusi R, Dornetshuber-Fleiss R, Nahta R, Castellino RC, Palorini R, Abd Hamid R, Langie SAS, Eltom SE, Brooks SA, Ryeom S, Wise SS, Bay SN, Harris SA, Papagerakis S, Romano S, Pavanello S, Eriksson S, Forte S, Casey SC, Luanpitpong S, Lee TJ, Otsuki T, Chen T, Massfelder T, Sanderson T, Guarnieri T, Hultman T, Dormoy V, Odero-Marah V, Sabbisetti V, Maguer-Satta V, Rathmell WK, Engström W, Decker WK, Bisson WH, Rojanasakul Y, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Hu Z. Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S254-96. [PMID: 26106142 PMCID: PMC4480130 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose exposures to common environmental chemicals that are deemed safe individually may be combining to instigate carcinogenesis, thereby contributing to the incidence of cancer. This risk may be overlooked by current regulatory practices and needs to be vigorously investigated. Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety ‘Mode of Action’ framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 2100 Webster Street #401, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA, Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK, Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Pl., Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA, Getting to Know Cancer, Guelph N1G 1E4, Canada, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Univ. de Sevilla., Avda Manuel Siurot sn. 41013 Sevilla, Spain, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0403, Norway, Planet Biotechnologies Inc., St Albert, Alberta T8N 5K4, Canada, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNI
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Pl., Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | | | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Univ. de Sevilla., Avda Manuel Siurot sn. 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amelia K Charles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK
| | | | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0403, Norway
| | - Arthur Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Barry J Barclay
- Planet Biotechnologies Inc., St Albert, Alberta T8N 5K4, Canada
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chia-Wen Hsu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3375, USA
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Clement Yedjou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Colleen S Curran
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Daniel C Koch
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Danielle J Carlin
- Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Department of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Science, The City University of New York at Hostos Campus, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Edward Ratovitski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery/Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Rojas
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy, SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Human Safety and Environmental Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha 24449, State of Qatar
| | - Francis L Martin
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Frederik J Van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Gerard Wagemaker
- Hacettepe University, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Ankara 06640, Turkey
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, Chile
| | - Graeme Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0403, Norway
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Pathology, Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Hasiah Ab Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences and the Health and Environment Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Hideko Sone
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibraki 3058506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Department of Urology, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 11559, Egypt
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, South Korea
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, USA
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapies Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Joseph A Christopher
- Cancer Research UK. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | | | - Judith Weisz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Julia Kravchenko
- Department of Surgery, Pathology, Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kalan R Prudhomme
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Kim Moorwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Laetitia Gonzalez
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Soucek
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapies Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Le Jian
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Gulliver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo 7, Viagrande (CT) 95029, Italy
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Leyns
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marion Chapellier
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie, De Lyon, Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, France
| | - Marc A Williams
- United States Army Institute of Public Health, Toxicology Portfolio-Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010-5403, USA
| | - Mark Wade
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Matilde E Lleonart
- Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3375, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Research, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 003, India
| | - Nichola Cruickshanks
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., in support of the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nik van Larebeke
- Analytische, Milieu en Geochemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel B1050, Belgium
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - P K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 3126, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paola A Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Patricia A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, CZ-100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, England
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | | | - Qiang Shawn Cheng
- Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - R Brooks Robey
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya 13110, Kuwait
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Rafaela Andrade-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rekha Mehta
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Renza Vento
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy , Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | | | - Rita Dornetshuber-Fleiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria, Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Rita Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy, SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Samira A Brooks
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra S Wise
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, USA
| | - Sarah N Bay
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shelley A Harris
- Population Health and Prevention, Research, Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2L7, Canada, Departments of Epidemiology and Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7011, VHC, Almas Allé 4, SE-756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo 7, Viagrande (CT) 95029, Italy
| | - Stephanie C Casey
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, South Korea
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM U1113, team 3 'Cell Signalling and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer', University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Tiziana Guarnieri
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d' Oro, 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Tove Hultman
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- INSERM U1113, team 3 'Cell Signalling and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer', University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg, France, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veronique Maguer-Satta
- United States Army Institute of Public Health, Toxicology Portfolio-Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010-5403, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wilhelm Engström
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait and
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Narayanan KB, Ali M, Barclay BJ, Cheng QS, D'Abronzo L, Dornetshuber-Fleiss R, Ghosh PM, Gonzalez Guzman MJ, Lee TJ, Leung PS, Li L, Luanpitpong S, Ratovitski E, Rojanasakul Y, Romano MF, Romano S, Sinha RK, Yedjou C, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Brown DG, Ryan EP, Colacci A, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Salem HK, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Kim SY, Bisson WH, Lowe L, Park HH. Disruptive environmental chemicals and cellular mechanisms that confer resistance to cell death. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S89-110. [PMID: 26106145 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a process of dying within biological cells that are ceasing to function. This process is essential in regulating organism development, tissue homeostasis, and to eliminate cells in the body that are irreparably damaged. In general, dysfunction in normal cellular death is tightly linked to cancer progression. Specifically, the up-regulation of pro-survival factors, including oncogenic factors and antiapoptotic signaling pathways, and the down-regulation of pro-apoptotic factors, including tumor suppressive factors, confers resistance to cell death in tumor cells, which supports the emergence of a fully immortalized cellular phenotype. This review considers the potential relevance of ubiquitous environmental chemical exposures that have been shown to disrupt key pathways and mechanisms associated with this sort of dysfunction. Specifically, bisphenol A, chlorothalonil, dibutyl phthalate, dichlorvos, lindane, linuron, methoxychlor and oxyfluorfen are discussed as prototypical chemical disruptors; as their effects relate to resistance to cell death, as constituents within environmental mixtures and as potential contributors to environmental carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Plant Biotechnologies Inc, St. Albert AB, Canada, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Austria, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Se
| | - Manaf Ali
- Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia
| | | | - Qiang Shawn Cheng
- Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Leandro D'Abronzo
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez Guzman
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suidjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Edward Ratovitski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clement Yedjou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo, 12515, Egypt
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advenced Molecular Science Research Centre, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, 95029, Italy
| | - Seo Yun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA and
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Plant Biotechnologies Inc, St. Albert AB, Canada, Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Austria, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan Puerto Rico 00936-5067, USA, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, 705-717, South Korea, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University Of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM 180, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, 50134, Italy, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado state University/ Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna, 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Se
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Sridhar S, Ge L, Tiwary CS, Hart AC, Ozden S, Kalaga K, Lei S, Sridhar SV, Sinha RK, Harsh H, Kordas K, Ajayan PM, Vajtai R. Enhanced field emission properties from CNT arrays synthesized on Inconel superalloy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:1986-1991. [PMID: 24417432 DOI: 10.1021/am405026y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising materials for fabricating cold cathodes for next generation high-performance flat panel devices is carbon nanotubes (CNTs). For this purpose, CNTs grown on metallic substrates are used to minimize contact resistance. In this report, we compare properties and field emission performance of CNTs grown via water assisted chemical vapor deposition using Inconel vs silicon (Si) substrates. Carbon nanotube forests grown on Inconel substrates are superior to the ones grown on silicon; low turn-on fields (∼1.5 V/μm), high current operation (∼100 mA/cm(2)) and very high local field amplification factors (up to ∼7300) were demonstrated, and these parameters are most beneficial for use in vacuum microelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sridhar
- Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering) , Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
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Kadri S, Sinha RK. P134 The factors associated with readmission of patients with exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) within 30 days are largely out of control of healthcare professionals and the Trust–The Department of Health’s (DoH) case for penalising Trusts for 30 day readmission is weak and unjustifiable: Abstract P134 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shruti S, Sinha RK, Bhattacharyya R. Analysis and design of hybrid ARROW-B plasmonic waveguides. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2013; 30:1502-1507. [PMID: 24323207 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.30.001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid antiresonant reflecting waveguide, type B (ARROW-B) plasmonic waveguide based on the resonant coupling between a guided dielectric mode and surface plasmon polariton wave is proposed. Employing the finite element method, hybrid modes including two bound supermodes are obtained at visible frequencies by varying the environmental refractive index. We investigate the propagation characteristics of hybrid modes, where the significant change of modal power by the symmetric bound mode is observed in plasmonic waveguide coupling suitable for highly sensitive detection of bulk refractive index change. Further, anomalous dispersion is shown by the antisymmetric bound mode which leads to large group velocity dispersion of -3.165×10(4) ps/km nm and, thus, makes this hybrid plasmonic waveguide ideal for observation of soliton generation.
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Sinha RK, Bojjireddy N, Kulkarni D, Ratheesh A, Chiplunkar S, Gude R, Subrahmanyam G. Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β is an integral signaling component of early T cell activation mechanisms. Biochimie 2013; 95:1560-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Singh R, Sinha RK, Mani C, Singh R, Pal R. Burden and vulnerability of hypertension in a rural population of Patna, Bihar, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Population based studies on hypertension from rural Bihar have not been reported earlier. We conducted a study to find the prevalence and the risk factors of hypertension in a rural adult population. In this cross-sectional community based study, 1083 men and women, aged 30 years and above, residing at 10 randomly selected villages of Phulwarisarif Block of Patna District of Bihar were recruited. Using house to house interviews with a semi-structured pretested schedule, the sociodemographic risk factors were recorded. Hypertension and pre-hypertension were classified using JNC-VII criteria. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 23.73%; among them mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 144.8±17.14 and 89.04±9.25 mm of Hg respectively. Among those who were hypertensive, the age cluster was higher (50.6±12.7 years) than those who were normotensive (43.8±12.4 years) with a significant male preponderance. Hypertension was significantly associated with a higher body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, along with the sedentary lifestyle. However, there was not an association with consumption of alcohol and smoking. The study highlighted the need for initiation of high risk hypertension screening in rural Bihar as the awareness on and its risk factors was very low. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v1i1.13221 South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2011:1:53-58
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Sharma R, Agrawal VV, Sharma P, Varshney R, Sinha RK, Malhotra BD. Aptamer based electrochemical sensor for detection of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/358/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dabas B, Kaushal J, Rajput M, Sinha RK. Nonlinear pulse propagation in chalcogenide As2Se3 glass photonic crystal fiber using RK4IP method. Appl Opt 2011; 50:5803-5811. [PMID: 22015408 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.005803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulse propagation through chalcogenide As(2)Se(3) glass photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is numerically investigated using fourth-order Runge-Kutta in the interaction picture (RK4IP) method. The fully vectorial effective index method (FVEIM) is used to calculate the variation of effective refractive index, effective area, dispersion, and nonlinear coefficient (γ) in As(2)Se(3) PCF with wavelength for different values of pitch and air hole size. The RK4IP method is used to demonstrate the soliton propagation, self-phase modulation (SPM), soliton collision and cross phase modulation (XPM) in the designed As(2)Se(3) PCF. The numerically obtained value of soliton collision length (L(col)=51.3L(D)) using the RK4IP method is found to be in good agreement with the theoretical value of soliton collision length (L(col)=51.408L(D)) obtained from inverse scattering transform method, thus providing a verification of the RK4IP accuracy in solving generalized nonlinear schrödinger equation (GLNSE). We also evaluate and apply the value of wavelength for distortionless (L(NL)=L(D)) propagation of the soliton pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Dabas
- TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Fiber Optics and Optical Communication, Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi-110042, India
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Sinha RK, Patel RY, Bojjireddy N, Datta A, Subrahmanyam G. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases: a key component in pathways of phosphoinositide turnover. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 516:45-51. [PMID: 21964243 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type II phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-kinases produce PtdIns 4-phosphate, an early key signaling molecule in phosphatidylinositol cycle, which is indispensable for T cell activation. Type II PtdIns 4-kinase alpha and beta have similar biochemical properties. To distinguish these isoforms Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been evaluated as a specific inhibitor. EGCG is the major active catechin in green tea having anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic and cancer chemopreventive properties. The precise mechanism of actions and molecular targets of EGCG in early signaling cascades are not well understood. In the present study, we have shown that EGCG inhibits type II PtdIns 4-kinases (α and β isoforms) and PtdIns 3-kinase activity in vitro. EGCG directly bind to both alpha and beta isoforms of type II PtdIns 4-kinases with a Kd of 2.62 μM and 1.02 μM, respectively. Type II PtdIns 4-kinase-EGCG complex have different binding pattern at its excited state. Both isoforms showed significant change in helicity upon binding with EGCG. EGCG modulates its effect by interacting with ATP binding pocket; the residues likely to be involved in EGCG binding were predicted by Autodock. Our findings suggest that EGCG inhibits two isoforms and could be a key to regulate T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This paper seeks to establish relationships between women's reproductive health service use, assessed longitudinally and by facility type, with service quality perceptions related to public or private health facilities. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The study was mainly secondary and quantitative in nature. It included analysing data collected by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and The Johns Hopkins University (JHU) as a follow-up study to the 1998-1999 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2). The follow-up survey was carried out in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar and Jharkhand. In 2002-2003, these four states were selected to capture socio-economic and demographic variations. Analysis includes composite indices and logistic regression analysis. A scale was constructed to measure utilisation levels. Dimensions include: service proximity, doctor availability, waiting time, medicines, facility cleanliness, dignified treatment, privacy, service affordability and treatment effectiveness. FINDINGS Findings indicate that doctor availability, waiting time, cleanliness, privacy and affordability at private health facilities enhance the probability that a health facility will be used for any reproductive health purpose. At the combined states level, medicine availability and treatment effectiveness at public health facilities enhances service use. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS The major limitation is that the study includes only selected Indian states. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings may enhance Indian service-quality policy. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The paper's main contribution is that seemingly for the first time in India, healthcare service use has been measured longitudinally and then explained through service quality variables by comparing public and private health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Anand
- Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Anand S, Sinha RK, Singh L. Cognition related to domestic violence in India: implications for reproductive health programme. East Afr J Public Health 2010; 7:5-10. [PMID: 21413565 DOI: 10.4314/eajph.v7i1.64669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In India, the nature of interdependency between wife and husband is regarded as different from what it is in the west. It is observed that in Indian state of Bihar, there is co-existence of memory of domestic violence and attitudinal justification of domestic violence on all the dimensions of domestic violence. However, In Tamil Nadu, demographic transition is likely to create the differentiation and therefore significant co-existence of certain forms of attitude (attitudinal justification of beating for household chores, contraceptives, and sex refusal) and 'memories related to domestic violence' are not present there. Attitudinal assertion against domestic violence in the name of 'unfaithfulness' seems to be helping women both in Bihar & Tamil Nadu. However, in Tamil Nadu, if women raise her voice against beating by husband for sex refusal; her chance of facing domestic violence gets increased here. These kind of connect between violence and attitude is not present in Bihar. In Bihar, attitudinally if women assert their voice against violence for contraceptive decision making; it makes them to feel lesser amount of constant strain. The study shows the implications for reproductive health programme in India.
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Roy TK, Sinha RK, Koenig M, Mohanty SK, Patel SK. Consistency and predictive ability of fertility preference indicators: longitudinal evidence from rural India. Int Fam Plan Perspect 2009; 34:138-45. [PMID: 18957356 DOI: 10.1363/ifpp.34.138.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ideal family size and desire for an additional child are the two most commonly used fertility preference indicators. However, little is known about the consistency over time of responses to each measure, the consistency between the two indicators or the predictive value of these indicators in India. METHOD Longitudinal data from the 1998-1999 National Family Health Survey and a follow-up survey conducted four years later were analyzed to determine the consistency of responses to the two fertility preference indicators (both over time and between indicators) and to determine whether baseline responses were associated with subsequent fertility, unwanted births and contraceptive use. RESULTS Responses on the measure of ideal family size were consistent at the two time points for 53% of nonsterilized women. Eighty-two percent of women who explicitly said in 1998 that they did not desire more children responded identically in 2002, although about half of these women had given birth in the intervening period. The indicators were associated with each other: Among women with at least one son, 79% of those who had attained or surpassed their ideal family size said they wanted to stop childbearing, compared with 18% of those who had not. Both indicators predicted future fertility, unwanted births and contraceptive use, particularly among women who had a son. CONCLUSION Both indicators are useful in understanding future fertility behavior. As the prevalence of son preference declines in India, the predictive ability of the indicators is likely to improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K Roy
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Varshney SK, Saitoh K, Iizawa K, Tsuchida Y, Koshiba M, Sinha RK. Raman amplification characteristics of As2Se3 photonic crystal fibers. Opt Lett 2008; 33:2431-2433. [PMID: 18978877 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the dispersion and Raman amplification characteristics of As2Se3 photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We compare the gain characteristics with conventional As2Se3 fibers and find that the Raman gain efficiency in PCFs can be improved by a factor of more than 4. This allows us to either use a small length of the fiber or to use the low pump power to attain similar gain characteristics. Numerical simulations reveal that a peak gain of 10 dB can be achieved in a 1.1 m long PCF when it is pumped at 1.5 microm in wavelength with an input power of 500 mW.
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Varshney SK, Saitoh K, Saitoh N, Tsuchida Y, Koshiba M, Sinha RK. Strategies for realizing photonic crystal fiber bandpass filters. Opt Express 2008; 16:9459-9467. [PMID: 18575511 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.009459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Numerical design strategies are presented to achieve efficient broad or narrow band-pass filters based on index-guiding, solid-core, and single-mode photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The filtering characteristics have been verified through BPM solver. By scaling the pitch constant, the bandpass window can be shifted accordingly. The fiber design constitutes a fluorine-doped central core, enlarged air-holes surrounding the down-doped core, and small air-holes in the cladding. The proposed bandpass filter is based on controlling the leakage losses, so one can tune filter characteristics simply by changing its length. From numerical simulations we show that for large values of air-hole diameter in the first ring, the bandpass window is narrow, while for low doping concentration and small sized air-holes in the first ring, bandpass window is very broad. We also simulate how the hole-size and number of rings in the PCF cladding affects the device characteristics. We find that a 5-cm long PCF with down-doped core and eleven rings of air-holes can result in approximately 440 nm 3-dB bandwidth with more than 90% of transmission. The longer device has reduced transmission and smaller 3-dB bandwidth. Tolerance analysis has also been performed to check the impact of fiber tolerances on the performance of the PCF bandpass filter. It has been observed that the decrement in cladding hole-diameter by 1% reduces the transmission to 21% from its peak value of 93%, however +/-1% tolerance in the inner hole-diameter degrades the transmission to 75% from its peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Varshney
- Division of Media and Network Technologies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan.
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Santhya KG, Haberland N, Ram F, Sinha RK, Mohanty SK. Consent and coercion: examining unwanted sex among married young women in India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 33:124-32. [PMID: 17938095 DOI: 10.1363/3312407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although there is a growing body of research examining the issue of nonconsensual sex among adolescents, few studies have looked at coerced sex within marriage in settings where early marriage is common, or at sex that may not be perceived as forced, but that is unwanted. METHODS A cross-sectional study, using both survey research and in-depth interviews, was conducted among 1,664 married young women in Gujarat and West Bengal, India. Descriptive data and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify the prevalence and risk factors for occasional and frequent unwanted sex. Qualitative data were analyzed to examine the context in which unwanted sex takes place. RESULTS Twelve percent of married young women experienced unwanted sex frequently; 32% experienced it occasionally. The risk of experiencing unwanted sex was lower among women who knew their husband fairly well at the time of marriage, regularly received support from their husband in conflicts with other family members or lived in economically better-off households. Frequent unwanted sex was associated with not yet having had a child or having become pregnant, with lower education and with agreeing with norms that justify wife beating. CONCLUSION For married young women, sex is not always consensual or wanted. Further research is required to determine the effects of unwanted sex on sexual and reproductive health outcomes and to help programs develop the best strategies for dealing with coerced sex within marriage.
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Varshney AD, Sinha RK. Study of birefringence of elliptical core photonic crystal fiber using Mathieu function. Appl Opt 2007; 46:5912-6. [PMID: 17694142 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.005912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The birefringence of the elliptical core photonic crystal fiber with circular pores in the cladding has been studied by using higher order Mathieu functions. It is observed that the birefringence decreases with decreasing wavelength. Calculated results also indicate the sensitivity to the radius of the pores in the cladding. High birefringence up to 0.0079 is obtained. The efficacy of this proposed method is proved by comparing the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu D Varshney
- TIFAC-Center of Relevance and Excellence in Fiber Optics and Optical Communications, Applied Physics Department, Delhi College of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Delhi University, India
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Das P, Sinha RK, Basu S. Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared and mid-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of intermolecular interaction in cholesteryl oleyl carbonate in mesophases. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:124514. [PMID: 16599704 DOI: 10.1063/1.2180782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies are presented of molecular association between like molecules of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate, each containing suitable pi-donor (steroid ring C=C) and pi-acceptor (C-O single bonds united with a C=O bond to give a carbonate group) moieties. Frequency shifts and intensity enhancements of donor and acceptor oscillators appear to be governed by reduced mass, vibronic coupling constants, and a few other parameters such as relative change in force constants, etc. Donor-acceptor complex formation is characterized not only by the appearance of new bands in the mid-FTIR spectrum but also by the emergence of a new, intense electronic band centered at approximately 3700 cm(-1), the so-called charge-transfer band, in the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum. This band is strong in the smectic-A and solid phases, but progressively diminishes when temperature is raised to realize the upper end of the cholesteric phase and eventually the isotropic phase. Also, a new, small electronic band at approximately 360 nm, only seen in the entire thermal range of the cholesteric phase, is attributed to the Lifshitz-van der Waals interaction between pretransitional smectic-A domains existing in the cholesteric phase. It is argued that mesophases may owe their thermodynamic stability to both Lifshitz-van der Waals and vibronic coupling (or electron-phonon coupling in extended systems such as smectics and solids) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Das
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata-700 009, India.
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Srivastava R, Sinha RK, Subrahmanyam G. Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β associates with TCR-CD3 ζ chain in Jurkat cells. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:454-63. [PMID: 16337488 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol lipid signaling cascades are integral part of TCR-CD3 signaling. The mechanisms by which phosphatidylinositol kinases are coupled to TCR-CD3 complex remain elusive. Here we report an association of type II PtdIns 4-kinase with TCR-CD3 zeta chain upon cross-linking. Mapping studies have revealed that the C-terminal ITAM is critical for docking of the enzyme on the zeta chain. The association is shown to be tyrosyl phosphorylation dependent as mutation of Y-151 and Y-142 on the C-terminal ITAM disrupts interaction of the two proteins. Identification of the associated type II PtdIns 4-kinase revealed that the beta isoform of the enzyme interacts with the zeta chain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Srivastava
- Biotechnology Group, School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Kannan K, Ramu K, Kajiwara N, Sinha RK, Tanabe S. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Irrawaddy dolphins from India. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 49:415-20. [PMID: 16170447 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-005-7078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is at risk of extinction throughout its range as a result of incidental catches, habitat degradation, and pollution. Populations of Irrawaddy dolphins are constrained by the species' narrow habitat requirement-lagoons, estuaries, rivers, and lakes-and are therefore particularly vulnerable to the effects of human activities. In this study, for the first time, concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in tissues of Irrawaddy dolphins collected from Chilika Lake, India, to understand the status of contamination. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) were the predominant contaminants found in Irrawaddy dolphins; the highest concentration found was 10,000 ng/g lipid weight in blubber. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the second most prevalent contaminants in dolphin tissues. Concentrations of PCBs, chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene, tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane, and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol were in the ranges of few ng/g to few hundreds of ng/g on a lipid-weight basis. In general, concentrations of OC pesticides and PCBs in Irrawaddy dolphins were lower than the concentrations reported for coastal and riverine dolphins collected in Asia. PBDEs were detected in the blubber of Irrawaddy dolphins at concentrations ranging from 0.98 to 18 ng/g lipid weight. BDE congener 47 accounted for 60% to 75% of the total PBDE concentrations. Although these results establish the baseline levels of persistent organic pollutants in Irrawaddy dolphins, efforts should be made to decrease the sources of contamination by DDTs and HCHs in Chilika Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA.
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Fernandis AZ, Srivastava R, Sinha RK, Subrahmanyam G. A type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase associates with T cell receptor ? chain in Con A stimulated splenic lymphocytes through tyrosyl phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms. Mol Immunol 2005; 42:561-8. [PMID: 15607814 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
T cells show rapid reorganization of cytoskeleton in response to antigenic stimulation. The molecular mechanisms by which TCR-CD3 regulates actin cytoskeleton are not well defined. Here we show that a type II PtdIns 4-kinase associates with cytoskeletal fraction in splenic lymphocytes in response to Con A. Protein tyrosyl phosphorylation of type II PtdIns 4-kinase appears to be the mechanism for its association with cytoskeleton. Over-lay blots suggest that the enzyme binds to TCR-CD3 zeta chain in the cytoskeletal fraction. Anti-TCR-CD3 zeta antibodies competitively inhibit PtdIns 4-kinase association with TCR-CD3 zeta chain. Immunodepletion of TCR-CD3 zeta decreases PtdIns 4-kinase activity in the cytoskeletal fraction with a concomitant increase in PtdIns 4-kinase activity in anti-TCR-CD3 zeta immunoprecipitates. We propose that the association of type II PtdIns 4-kinase with TCR-CD3 zeta chain may bring the enzyme into close proximity of actin and a possible regulation of actin polymerization through localized production of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Z Fernandis
- Biotechnology Group, School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Abstract
In this study, cerebral electrical activity or electro-encephalogram (EEG) was studied following exposure to high environmental heat, in three different age groups of freely moving rats. Each age group was subdivided into three groups: the acute heat stress group, subjected to a single exposure of 4 h at 38 degrees C in the biological oxygen demand incubator; the chronic heat stress group, exposed for 21 days, for 1 h each day, at 38 degrees C in the incubator; and the handling control group. The polygraphic sleep-wake recordings involved simultaneous recordings of cortical EEG, electro-oculogram (EOG), and electromyogram (EMG), on paper and in digital form on computer hard disk, just after the heat exposure for the acute stressed rats and on the 22nd day for the chronic stressed rats. The power spectrum was calculated for 2s epochs of the EEG signals. Quantitative analyses of EEG (qEEG) showed that, in all three age groups, changes in higher-frequency components (beta2) were significant in all sleep-wake states following both acute and chronic heat stress conditions. The power of beta2 activity in all three age groups after acute heat exposure was significantly decreased during slow wave sleep (SWS) (p < 0.05) and rapid eye movement sleep (p < 0.05), whereas the reverse was observed in the awake state (p < 0.05). Following chronic heat exposure, beta2 activity was found to increase in all three sleep-wake stages in all groups of rats (p < 0.01 for SWS in the weaning group and p < 0.05 for other data). Thus the study demonstrated that the cortical EEG is sensitive to environmental heat, and alterations in EEG frequencies in different states of mental consciousness due to high heat can be differentiated efficiently by EEG power spectrum analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sinha
- Department of Biomedical Instrumentation, Birla Institute of Technology, India.
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Sinha RK. Artificial neural network detects changes in electro-encephalogram power spectrum of different sleep-wake states in an animal model of heat stress. Med Biol Eng Comput 2003; 41:595-600. [PMID: 14572011 DOI: 10.1007/bf02345323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An effective application is presented of a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) in differentiating electro-encephalogram (EEG) power spectra of stressed and normal rats in three sleep-wakefulness stages. The rats were divided into three groups, one subjected to acute heat stress, one subjected to chronic heat stress and one a handling control group. The polygraphic sleep recordings were performed by simultaneous recording of cortical EEG, electro-oculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) on paper and in digital form on a computer hard disk. The preprocessed EEG signals (after removal of DC components and reduction of baseline movement) were fragmented into 2 s artifact-free epochs for the calculation of power spectra. The slow-wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and awake (AWA) states were analysed separately. The power spectrum data for all three sleep-wake states in the three groups of rats were tested by a back-propagation ANN. The network contained 60 nodes in the input layer, weighted from power spectrum data from 0 to 30 Hz, 18 nodes in the hidden layer and an output node. The ANN was found effective in differentiating the EEG power spectra from stressed to normal spectral patterns following acute (92% in SWS, 85.5% in REM sleep, 91% in AWA state) as well as chronic heat exposure (95.5% in SWS, 93.8% in REM sleep, 98.5% in AWA state).
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sinha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, India.
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Sikder AK, Sinha RK, Gandhe BR. Cost-effective synthesis of 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (CL-14) and its evaluation in plastic bonded explosives. J Hazard Mater 2003; 102:137-145. [PMID: 12972233 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(03)00172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (CL-14) has been synthesized by a cost-effective method. CL-14 was characterized by spectral data (IR, NMR and mass) and elemental analysis. The compound was evaluated in plastic bonded explosives (PBX) using polyurethane (PU) as binder. The thermal, mechanical and explosive properties of PBX composition from preliminary tests are also reported. Good thermal stability as well as good insensitiveness are indicated.
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Kumari A, Sinha RK, Gopal K, Lata S. Concentration of organochlorines in Ganges River dolphins from Patna, Bihar. J Environ Biol 2002; 23:279-281. [PMID: 12597572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of DDT, HCH, aldrin and endosulfan were determined in river dolphins from the River Ganges, Patna. Among the organochlorines studied in the dolphins, DDT concentration was highest followed by HCH. This shows exposure of dolphins to these organochlorine pesticides. Presences of organochlorines to higher degree in tissues suggest that the river dolphins be at greater risk due to pesticidal contamination of the river system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Kumari
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna 800 005, India
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Chakravarty I, Sinha RK. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency based on results obtained from the national pilot program on control of micronutrient malnutrition. Nutr Rev 2002; 60:S53-8. [PMID: 12035859 DOI: 10.1301/00296640260130740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency is a serious public health concern in most developing countries. In India, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorder are of greatest public health significance. In addition, subclinical zinc deficiency, flourosis, and fluoride-deficient dental caries are important areas of concern. The National Pilot Program on Control of Micronutrient Malnutrition was launched in 1995 to address these problems and the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition of the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health (Calcutta) was entrusted to coordinate its activities. The program presently covers one northeastern and four eastern states, namely Assam, Bihar (Jharkhand), Orissa, West Bengal, and Tripura. Baseline analyses were conducted on demographic situation, food and nutrient intake pattern, nutritional deficiency diseases (e.g., iron deficiency anemia), iodine deficiency disorder, and vitamin A deficiency. It was observed that except for cereals, the diet was deficient in all other food groups. Nutrient intake (i.e., energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals) was also deficient in almost the entire state. Anthropometric indices (e.g., weight-for-age and height-for-age data) indicated that large percentages of <5-year-old and 6-14-year-old children were in grade II or III malnutrition. Mean dietary zinc intakes in all the surveyed districts were much lower than the RDA. Large percentages of salt samples had iodine levels less than 15 ppm. The point prevalence of anemia in various age groups was found to be high. Bitot's spot was mainly noted in the age group of 6-71 months. Nightblindness was noted in young children as well as the children 24-71 months old. High prevalence of nightblindness in pregnant women is a point of concern. Actions needed to control micronutrient deficiencies include: intervention strategies, extensive nutrition and health education through innovative IEC materials to support problem-specific programs, strengthening of various state government programs and the role of NGOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Chakravarty
- Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition (Government of India), All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta
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Abstract
Two hundred and nineteen children treated with Ciprofloxacin were observed for drug related adverse reactions (ADR). ADR was observed in 35/219 (15.98%) children, arthropathy in 2/219 (0.9%) children only. All the ADR were reversible even on continuation of therapy except one child with arthropathy and no permanent sequele or death occurred as a drug related ADR.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Singh
- Upgraded Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College
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Larson DL, Yousif NJ, Sinha RK, Latoni J, Korkos TG. A comparison of pedicled and free TRAM flaps for breast reconstruction in a single institution. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 104:674-80. [PMID: 10456517 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199909030-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several reports concluded that free tissue transfer of the transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap for breast reconstruction is superior to pedicled transfer of the flap. In an effort to compare the various parameters of both techniques, the authors took advantage of a unique experience at one hospital where one surgeon (D.L.L.) used only the pedicled method and the other (N.J.Y.) used only free tissue transfer. Additionally, the authors compared the findings of the study with the experiences of other surgeons by surveying active members of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons. The records of 119 patients who underwent TRAM flap reconstruction between January of 1988 and July of 1997 were reviewed. Of these, 33 patients received free TRAM flaps, and 86 received pedicled TRAM flaps. To provide an adequate number of patients for statistical analysis, only those with unilateral, single-muscle reconstructions were considered (immediate or delayed). This provided 61 patients in the pedicled flap group and 26 in the free tissue group. Parameters examined included length of operation and of hospitalization, amount of pain medication used, amount of blood lost and received, and complications. A small subset of the patients had hospital records available to compare hospital charges; the comparison of 17 pedicled and 12 free TRAM flaps showed a mean difference of $15,637 (p < 0.001) in favor of the pedicled flap. On the basis of the findings from this study, it seems that the pedicled TRAM flap has significant economic and clinical advantages over the free TRAM flap. There is less need for blood, a shorter operating time and hospital stay, and a need for less pain medication. However, both methods of transfer have indications and contraindications in certain clinical settings. It will always remain the responsibility of the surgeon to evaluate all issues and select a method that is economically responsible and within the abilities of the surgeon, while producing a satisfactory outcome that best serves the patient. The information provided in this report should aid in accomplishing this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Larson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
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Abstract
The currently recommended protocol for treatment of kala-azar (KA) necessitates repeated bone marrow/splenic aspiration to monitor the response and duration of therapy as well as to detect resistance and change to alternative drugs. These procedures being invasive, there is a pressing need for less invasive diagnostic tools for this purpose. We have evaluated the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in 201 children with visceral leishmaniasis at different stages of the disease to work out the relationship, if any, between CRP levels and disease activity, including response to therapy. The subjects belonged to the 2-12 year age group in whom CRP estimation was done on admission, every 5th day during treatment, and repeated on follow-up at 2 and 6 months. The levels were compared with those of 50 randomly chosen age-matched healthy children who served as controls. The mean serum CRP value in the study group before the commencement of treatment was 62.96 +/- 1.03 mg/l, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison to the control group. Commencement of treatment resulted in a simultaneous decline in serum CRP. Parasitic clearance from the spleen was faster in patients with an initial low serum CRP level (< 60 mg/l) in comparison to patients with high levels (> 60 mg/l). During treatment, mean serum CRP levels were significantly higher in late responders than in early responders (p < 0.001). Correlation of CRP levels to indicate the presence or absence of parasites suggested a cut-off level of 12 mg/l by day 10, with a sensitivity of 82.5 per cent, specificity of 78.5 per cent, positive predictive value of 92 per cent, and negative predictive value of 60.2 per cent. Our observations suggest a promising role for CRP estimation every 5-10 days during therapy in visceral leishmaniasis for monitoring the response to therapy and to detect possible resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Singh
- Upgraded Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College, India
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Abstract
Understanding the cellular basis of osteoblastic cell-biomaterial interaction is crucial to the analysis of the mechanism of osseointegration, a requirement of long-term orthopedic implant stability. Clinically, the amount of bone ingrowth is variable, and cellular parameters that influence ingrowth have yet to be clearly determined. In this study, two clinically relevant orthopedic alloys, titanium Ti6A14V (Ti) and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CC), were used for a comparative analysis of primary human osteoblastic cell adhesion and spreading, where cell adhesion represents the initial interaction between cellular elements and the biomaterial surface. The kinetic profile of adhesion revealed enhanced cell attachment upon rough Ti surfaces relative to rough CC. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), we observed that, during the first 12 h of contact with the substratum, osteoblastic cells were relatively less spread on rough Ti, whereas cells appeared elongated with multiple cellular extensions on rough CC. Focal adhesion contacts, as indicated by vinculin immunostaining, were distributed throughout the cells adhering to Ti, but were relatively sparse and localized to cellular processes on CC. Furthermore, three-dimensional CLSM reconstruction analysis indicated the presence of vinculin at all membrane-to-surface contact points on both Ti and CC. On Ti, these contact points closely followed the surface contour, whereas, on CC, they were restricted to relative topographic peaks only. Actin cytoskeletal reorganization was prominent in cells cultured on Ti, with stress fibers arranged throughout the cell body, whereas, on CC, actin filaments were sparse and localized primarily to cellular extensions. Because cell attachment mechanisms are likely to influence signal transduction and regulation of gene expression, these early differential responses of osteoblastic cells on Ti and CC may have functional implications on subsequent extracellular matrix mineralization and bone ingrowth at the cell-biomaterial interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Rubash HE, Sinha RK, Paprosky W, Engh CA, Maloney WJ. A new classification system for the management of acetabular osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect 1999; 48:37-42. [PMID: 10098026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H E Rubash
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Abstract
Cell adhesion is dependent on many factors, including the repertoire of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their receptors, e.g. integrins, synthesized by the cell, the composition of the ECM adsorbed to the surface, and the intrinsic chemistry of the surface. Factors that govern bone cell, i.e. osteoblast, adhesion and ECM elaboration significantly influence its re-modeling into mature bone, and ultimately its ability to integrate with biomaterials used for orthopedic prostheses. In this study, we have investigated how treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that promotes ectopic bone formation, modulates the organization and expression of osteoblastic cell proteins. Specifically, we analyzed how BMP-2 treatment affects cytoskeletal components, ECM, and alpha 5 and beta 1 integrin receptor subunits in osteoblastic cells plated on Ti6A14V, a titanium alloy widely used for orthopedic implants that interacts with bone cells in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblastic cells were pre-treated with BMP-2 for 12 h prior to plating; BMP-2 treatment stimulated adhesion and proliferation of osteoblastic cells and this adhesive advantage was reflected in enhanced long-term matrix mineralization in the BMP-2 pretreated cultures. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of BMP-2 treated cells showed that enhanced cytoskeletal organization and focal contact formation occurred. These changes were accompanied by a concomitant increase in the spatial organization of fibronectin, whereas vitronectin, collagen type I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin showed little change. The changes in ECM organization correlated with increased fibronectin, alpha 5 and beta 1 integrin subunit, and focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK) expression, as well as increased p125FAK phosphorylation. By confocal microscopy, the alpha 5 integrin subunit was more concentrated in lamellipodia after BMP-2 treatment. These results demonstrate that BMP-2 significantly altered osteoblastic cytoskeletal and ECM organization and enhanced expression of fibronectin and of specific integrin receptor subunits, with concomitant changes in the levels and phosphorylation of p125FAK. These effects may contribute to downstream cellular responses important for bone cell function, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Kishore S, Sinha RK. Suppressor cell activity of intestinal mucosal leucocytes from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis arni). Indian J Exp Biol 1999; 37:280-2. [PMID: 10641159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor activity of buffalo intestinal intraepithelial leucocytes and lamina propria leucocytes was induced by Concanavalin A, and was assayed against the mitogenic response of autologous and allogenic leucocytes to mitogens. Appreciable suppression was observed with 25 micrograms ConA/ml on the proliferative activity of the responder cells cocultured at a ratio of < 2:1 (suppressor:responder cell). Mitomycin C treatment of intestinal leucocytes did not totally vanish the viability and functionality of leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kishore
- Immunology Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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45
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Sinha RK, Bhattacharya A, Roy BK, Saha SK, Nandy P, Doloi M, Chauduri D. Body iodine status in school children and availability of iodised salt in Calcutta. Indian J Public Health 1999; 43:42-8. [PMID: 11243088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Success of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) programme depends on availability of iodised salt to consumers, which should be reflected in their body iodine status. From a monitoring study in Calcutta, it was found that all packed salts were iodised and most of them (98.1% at household level and 93.6% at retailers' outlets) had iodine at a level of > or = 15 ppm. Of the loose salts, 34.6% at household level and 19.9% at retailers' outlet had iodine level < 15 ppm. A few number (0.5% at household level and 1.0% at retailers' outlets) of salts had no iodine. To ascertain the impact of consumption of iodised salt iodine excreted in urine (UIE) was measured in school children of age between 8-12 years of south, east, west, north and central parts of Calcutta. 22.95% of male children and 31.81% of female children had urinary iodine level less than 50 micrograms/l, which is cut off figure of public health concern. Children from poor slum areas were found to be at greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta
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46
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Singh UK, Ojha P, Sinha RK, Suman S. Acute segmental enteritis. Indian Pediatr 1998; 35:765-7. [PMID: 10216570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College, India
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47
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Sinha RK. Travel by air for patients with COPD. Thorax 1998; 53:625. [PMID: 9797769 PMCID: PMC1745273 DOI: 10.1136/thx.53.7.624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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48
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Dhiman N, Sinha RK, Khuller GK. Mechanism and specificity of immunoprotection induced by mycobacterial proteins against experimental tuberculosis in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 1998; 36:663-7. [PMID: 9782782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanism of immunoprotection and specificity of two highly immunoprotective mycobacterial proteins, viz. 71 and 30 kDa were investigated. The adoptive transfer studies indicated that immunoprotection was mainly mediated by cooperative effect of CD4+ and CD8+ (66.7-73.3% on the basis of percent survival) which was further enhanced marginally by supplementation of B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and other immune cells. The specificity studies indicated that both the proteins did not cross react with the unrelated intracellular pathogens i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus, Salmonella typhi and Leishmania donovani as seen by T cell proliferation assay. The protection imparted by these mycobacterial proteins was also specific as the 71 and 30 kDa primed mice did not exhibit any cross protection against sublethal challenge of S typhi. The results indicate 71 and 30 kDa mycobacterial proteins to contain T cell specific epitopes responsible for specific immunoprotection, thus indicating their potential role as antituberculous vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dhiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Rubash HE, Sinha RK, Maloney WJ, Paprosky WG. Osteolysis: surgical treatment. Instr Course Lect 1998; 47:321-9. [PMID: 9571433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H E Rubash
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sinha RK, Shanbhag AS, Maloney WJ, Hasselman CT, Rubash HE. Osteolysis: cause and effect. Instr Course Lect 1998; 47:307-20. [PMID: 9571432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA
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