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Rai GK, Mishra S, Chouhan R, Mushtaq M, Chowdhary AA, Rai PK, Kumar RR, Kumar P, Perez-Alfocea F, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Srivastava V, Gandhi SG. Plant salinity stress, sensing, and its mitigation through WRKY. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1238507. [PMID: 37860245 PMCID: PMC10582725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity or salt stress has deleterious effects on plant growth and development. It imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses, including oxidative stress on the plants and is responsible for the reduction of overall crop productivity and therefore challenges global food security. Plants respond to salinity, by triggering homoeostatic mechanisms that counter salt-triggered disturbances in the physiology and biochemistry of plants. This involves the activation of many signaling components such as SOS pathway, ABA pathway, and ROS and osmotic stress signaling. These biochemical responses are accompanied by transcriptional modulation of stress-responsive genes, which is mostly mediated by salt-induced transcription factor (TF) activity. Among the TFs, the multifaceted significance of WRKY proteins has been realized in many diverse avenues of plants' life including regulation of plant stress response. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to highlight the significance of salinity in a global perspective, the mechanism of salt sensing in plants, and the contribution of WRKYs in the modulation of plants' response to salinity stress. This review will be a substantial tool to investigate this problem in different perspectives, targeting WRKY and offering directions to better manage salinity stress in the field to ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sonal Mishra
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Aksar Ali Chowdhary
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pradeep K. Rai
- Advance Center for Horticulture Research, Udheywala, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Jodhpur, India
| | - Francisco Perez-Alfocea
- Department of Nutrition, Centre for Applied Soil Science and Biology of the Segura (CEBAS), of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Vikas Srivastava
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, India
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Mishra DC, Majumdar SG, Kumar A, Bhati J, Chaturvedi KK, Kumar RR, Goswami S, Rai A, Budhlakoti N. Regulatory Networks of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in Response to Heat Stress in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.): An Integrated Analysis. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:1774764. [PMID: 37033711 PMCID: PMC10079388 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1774764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has become a major source of concern, particularly in agriculture, because it has a significant impact on the production of economically important crops such as wheat, rice, and maize. In the present study, an attempt has been made to identify differentially expressed heat stress-responsive long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the wheat genome using publicly available wheat transcriptome data (24 SRAs) representing two conditions, namely, control and heat-stressed. A total of 10,965 lncRNAs have been identified and, among them, 153, 143, and 211 differentially expressed transcripts have been found under 0 DAT, 1 DAT, and 4 DAT heat-stress conditions, respectively. Target prediction analysis revealed that 4098 lncRNAs were targeted by 119 different miRNA responses to a plethora of environmental stresses, including heat stress. A total of 171 hub genes had 204 SSRs (simple sequence repeats), and a set of target sequences had SNP potential as well. Furthermore, gene ontology analysis revealed that the majority of the discovered lncRNAs are engaged in a variety of cellular and biological processes related to heat stress responses. Furthermore, the modeled three-dimensional (3D) structures of hub genes encoding proteins, which had an appropriate range of similarity with solved structures, provided information on their structural roles. The current study reveals many elements of gene expression regulation in wheat under heat stress, paving the way for the development of improved climate-resilient wheat cultivars.
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Rai GK, Kumar P, Choudhary SM, Singh H, Adab K, Kosser R, Magotra I, Kumar RR, Singh M, Sharma R, Corrado G, Rouphael Y. Antioxidant Potential of Glutathione and Crosstalk with Phytohormones in Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1133. [PMID: 36903992 PMCID: PMC10005112 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant tripeptide that can enhance plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Its main role is to counter free radicals and detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells under unfavorable conditions. Moreover, along with other second messengers (such as ROS, calcium, nitric oxide, cyclic nucleotides, etc.), GSH also acts as a cellular signal involved in stress signal pathways in plants, directly or along with the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems. While associated biochemical activities and roles in cellular stress response have been widely presented, the relationship between phytohormones and GSH has received comparatively less attention. This review, after presenting glutathione as part of plants' feedback to main abiotic stress factors, focuses on the interaction between GSH and phytohormones, and their roles in the modulation of the acclimatation and tolerance to abiotic stress in crops plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Kumar Rai
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR—Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342003, India
| | - Sadiya M. Choudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Hira Singh
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Komal Adab
- Department of Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri 185131, India
| | - Rafia Kosser
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Isha Magotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Monika Singh
- GLBajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Bhusal N, Sharma P, Kumar RR, Sareen S. Editorial: Multiple abiotic stresses: Molecular, physiological, and genetic responses and adaptations in cereals. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1146326. [PMID: 36895867 PMCID: PMC9989289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Bhusal
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Agriculture and Forestry University, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR), Karnal, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sindhu Sareen
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR), Karnal, India
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Dutta H, K. M. S, Aski MS, Mishra GP, Sinha SK, Vijay D, C. T. MP, Das S, Pawar PAM, Mishra DC, Singh AK, Kumar A, Tripathi K, Kumar RR, Gupta S, Kumar S, Dikshit HK. Morpho-biochemical characterization of a RIL population for seed parameters and identification of candidate genes regulating seed size trait in lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1091432. [PMID: 36875597 PMCID: PMC9975752 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The seed size and shape in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are important quality traits as these influences the milled grain yield, cooking time, and market class of the grains. Linkage analysis was done for seed size in a RIL (F5:6) population derived by crossing L830 (20.9 g/1000 seeds) with L4602 (42.13 g/1000 seeds) which consisted of 188 lines (15.0 to 40.5 g/1000 seeds). Parental polymorphism survey using 394 SSRs identified 31 polymorphic primers, which were used for the bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Marker PBALC449 differentiated the parents and small seed size bulk only, whereas large seeded bulk or the individual plants constituting the large-seeded bulk could not be differentiated. Single plant analysis identified only six recombinant and 13 heterozygotes, of 93 small-seeded RILs (<24.0 g/1000 seed). This clearly showed that the small seed size trait is very strongly regulated by the locus near PBLAC449; whereas, large seed size trait seems governed by more than one locus. The PCR amplified products from the PBLAC449 marker (149bp from L4602 and 131bp from L830) were cloned, sequenced and BLAST searched using the lentil reference genome and was found amplified from chromosome 03. Afterward, the nearby region on chromosome 3 was searched, and a few candidate genes like ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, TIFY-like protein, and hexosyltransferase having a role in seed size determination were identified. Validation study in another RIL mapping population which is differing for seed size, showed a number of SNPs and InDels among these genes when studied using whole genome resequencing (WGRS) approach. Biochemical parameters like cellulose, lignin, and xylose content showed no significant differences between parents and the extreme RILs, at maturity. Various seed morphological traits like area, length, width, compactness, volume, perimeter, etc., when measured using VideometerLab 4.0 showed significant differences for the parents and RILs. The results have ultimately helped in better understanding the region regulating the seed size trait in genomically less explored crops like lentils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haragopal Dutta
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivaprasad K. M.
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Muraleedhar S. Aski
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Sinha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dunna Vijay
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjunath Prasad C. T.
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shouvik Das
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Wall Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Dwijesh C. Mishra
- Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Krishi Bhawan, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- South Asia and China Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, National Agriculture Science Complex (NASC) Complex, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Ali A, Singh T, Kumar RR, T V, Kundu A, Singh SP, Meena MC, Satyavathi CT, Praveen S, Goswami S. Effect of thermal treatments on the matrix components, inherent glycemic potential, and bioaccessibility of phenolics and micronutrients in pearl millet rotis. Food Funct 2023; 14:1595-1607. [PMID: 36683429 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (PM) is a nutri-cereal rich in various macro and micronutrients required for a balanced diet. Its grains have a unique phenolic and micronutrient composition; however, the lower bioaccessibility of nutrients and rancidity of flour during storage are the major constraints in its consumption and wide popularity. Here, to explore the effect of different thermal processing methods, i.e., hydrothermal (HT), microwave (MW), and infrared (IR) treatments, on the digestion of starch, phenolics, and microelements (Fe and Zn), an in vitro digestion model consisting of oral, gastric and intestinal digestion was applied to PM rotis. The hydrothermally treated PM roti was promising as it showed lower inherent glycemic potential (60.4%) than the untreated sample (72.4%) and less enzymatic activities associated with rancidity in PM flour. FTIR revealed an increased ratio of 1047/1022 cm-1 in the hydrothermally treated sample, reflecting the enhancement of the structurally ordered degree and compactness of starch compared to other thermal treatments. A tighter and more compact microstructure with an agglomeration of starch in the hydrothermally treated PM flour was observed by SEM. These structural changes could provide a better understanding of the lower starch digestion rate in the hydrothermally treated flour. However, HT treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the bioaccessibility of phenolics (10.6%) compared to native PM rotis and slightly reduced the Fe (2%) and Zn (3.2%) bioaccessibility present in PM rotis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansheef Ali
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinutha T
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Chand Meena
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - C Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, Pin 342304, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
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Dutta H, Mishra GP, Aski MS, Bosamia TC, Mishra DC, Bhati J, Sinha SK, Vijay D, C. T. MP, Das S, Pawar PAM, Kumar A, Tripathi K, Kumar RR, Yadava DK, Kumar S, Dikshit HK. Comparative transcriptome analysis, unfolding the pathways regulating the seed-size trait in cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Front Genet 2022; 13:942079. [PMID: 36035144 PMCID: PMC9399355 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Market class, cooking time, quality, and milled grain yield are largely influenced by the seed size and shape of the lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.); thus, they are considered to be important quality traits. To unfold the pathways regulating seed size in lentils, a transcriptomic approach was performed using large-seeded (L4602) and small-seeded (L830) genotypes. The study has generated nearly 375 million high-quality reads, of which 98.70% were properly aligned to the reference genome. Among biological replicates, very high similarity in fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments values (R > 0.9) showed the consistency of RNA-seq results. Various differentially expressed genes associated mainly with the hormone signaling and cell division pathways, transcription factors, kinases, etc. were identified as having a role in cell expansion and seed growth. A total of 106,996 unigenes were used for differential expression (DE) analysis. String analysis identified various modules having certain key proteins like Ser/Thr protein kinase, seed storage protein, DNA-binding protein, microtubule-associated protein, etc. In addition, some growth and cell division–related micro-RNAs like miR3457 (cell wall formation), miR1440 (cell proliferation and cell cycles), and miR1533 (biosynthesis of plant hormones) were identified as having a role in seed size determination. Using RNA-seq data, 5254 EST-SSR primers were generated as a source for future studies aiming for the identification of linked markers. In silico validation using Genevestigator® was done for the Ser/Thr protein kinase, ethylene response factor, and Myb transcription factor genes. It is of interest that the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gene was found differentially regulated, suggesting their role during seed development; however, at maturity, no significant differences were recorded for various cell wall parameters including cellulose, lignin, and xylose content. This is the first report on lentils that has unfolded the key seed size regulating pathways and unveiled a theoretical way for the development of lentil genotypes having customized seed sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haragopal Dutta
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Gyan P. Mishra, ; Shiv Kumar, ; Harsh Kumar Dikshit,
| | - Muraleedhar S. Aski
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tejas C. Bosamia
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Dwijesh C. Mishra
- Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotika Bhati
- Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dunna Vijay
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjunath Prasad C. T.
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shouvik Das
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Wall Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shiv Kumar
- South Asia and China Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, NASC Complex, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Gyan P. Mishra, ; Shiv Kumar, ; Harsh Kumar Dikshit,
| | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Gyan P. Mishra, ; Shiv Kumar, ; Harsh Kumar Dikshit,
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Vinutha T, Kumar D, Bansal N, Krishnan V, Goswami S, Kumar RR, Kundu A, Poondia V, Rudra SG, Muthusamy V, Rama Prashat G, Venkatesh P, Kumari S, Jaiswal P, Singh A, Sachdev A, Singh SP, Satyavathi T, Ramesh SV, Praveen S. Thermal treatments reduce rancidity and modulate structural and digestive properties of starch in pearl millet flour. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:207-216. [PMID: 34890636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a nutrient dense and gluten free cereal, however it's flour remains underutilized due to the onset of rancidity during its storage. To the best of our knowledge, processing methods, which could significantly reduce the rancidity of the pearl millet flour during storage, are non-existent. In this study, pearl millet grains were subjected to a preliminary hydro-treatment (HT). Subsequently, the hydrated grain-wet flour have undergone individual and combined thermal treatments viz., hydrothermal (HTh) and thermal near infrared rays (thNIR). Effects of these thermal treatments on the biochemical process of hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity were analyzed in stored flour. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the enzyme activities of lipase (47.8%), lipoxygenase (84.8%), peroxidase (98.1%) and polyphenol oxidase (100%) in HT-HTh-thNIR treated flour compared to the individual treatments was documented. Upon storage (90 days), decline of 67.84% and 66.4% of free fatty acid and peroxide contents were observed in flour under HT-HTh-thNIR treatment without altering starch and protein digestibility properties. HT-HTh treated flour exhibited the highest (7.6%) rapidly digestible starch, decreased viscosity and increased starch digestibility (67.17%). FTIR analysis of HT-HTh treated flour divulged destabilization of short-range ordered crystalline structure and altered protein structures with decreased in vitro digestibility of protein. Overall, these results demonstrated the effectiveness of combined thermal treatment of HT-HTh-thNIR in reducing rancidity and preserving the functional properties of the stored flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Navita Bansal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijaykumar Poondia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Shalini Gaur Rudra
- Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - G Rama Prashat
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P Venkatesh
- Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pranita Jaiswal
- CCUBGA, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sumer P Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342304, India
| | - S V Ramesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala 671 124, India.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Mishra GP, Aski MS, Bosamia T, Chaurasia S, Mishra DC, Bhati J, Kumar A, Javeria S, Tripathi K, Kohli M, Kumar RR, Singh AK, Devi J, Kumar S, Dikshit HK. Insights into the Host-Pathogen Interaction Pathways through RNA-Seq Analysis of Lens culinaris Medik. in Response to Rhizoctonia bataticola Infection. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010090. [PMID: 35052429 PMCID: PMC8774501 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry root rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola) is an important disease of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.).To gain an insight into the molecular aspects of host-pathogen interactions, the RNA-seq approach was used in lentils following inoculation with R.bataticola. The RNA-Seq has generated >450 million high-quality reads (HQRs) and nearly 96.97% were properly aligned to the reference genome. Very high similarity in FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments) values (R > 0.9) among biological replicates showed the consistency of the RNA-Seq results. The study revealed various DEGs (differentially expressed genes) that were associated with changes in phenolic compounds, transcription factors (TFs), antioxidants, receptor kinases, hormone signals which corresponded to the cell wall modification enzymes, defense-related metabolites, and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) pathways. Gene ontology (GO) categorization also showed similar kinds of significantly enriched similar GO terms. Interestingly, of the total unigenes (42,606), 12,648 got assembled and showed significant hit with Rhizoctonia species. String analysis also revealed the role of various disease responsive proteins viz., LRR family proteins, LRR-RLKs, protein kinases, etc. in the host-pathogen interaction. Insilico validation analysis was performed using Genevestigator® and DEGs belonging to six major defense-response groups viz., defense-related enzymes, disease responsive genes, hormones, kinases, PR (pathogenesis related) proteins, and TFs were validated. For the first time some key miRNA targets viz. miR156, miR159, miR167, miR169, and miR482 were identified from the studied transcriptome, which may have some vital role in Rhizoctonia-based responses in lentils. The study has revealed the molecular mechanisms of the lentil/R.bataticola interactions and also provided a theoretical approach for the development of lentil genotypes resistant to R.bataticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (G.P.M.); (M.S.A.); (S.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Muraleedhar S. Aski
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (G.P.M.); (M.S.A.); (S.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Tejas Bosamia
- Plant Omics Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India;
| | - Shiksha Chaurasia
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (G.P.M.); (M.S.A.); (S.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (D.C.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jyotika Bhati
- Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (D.C.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Atul Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Shaily Javeria
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Manju Kohli
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (G.P.M.); (M.S.A.); (S.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Jyoti Devi
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi 221305, India;
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Avenue HafianeCherkaoui, Rabat 10112, Morocco
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.K.D.)
| | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (G.P.M.); (M.S.A.); (S.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (H.K.D.)
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Kumari S, Kumar RR, Mendiratta SK, Kumar D, Kumar A, Jawla J, Anurag, Rana P, Kumar D. Development of loop-mediated isothermal method and comparison with conventional PCR assay for rapid on spot identification of tissue of cattle origin. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:4608-4615. [PMID: 34629525 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a diagnostic method for meat speciation with rapid and minimal equipment requirements. In this study, we developed cattle-specific tube-based LAMP assays targeting mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequence, compared with conventional PCR assay for specificity, sensitivity, and validation of the assay was made. The LAMP reaction was carried at 64 °C for 45 min, and results were confirmed by SYBR Green I dye and agarose gel-electrophoresis. The specificity of the assays was cross-tested with DNA of buffalo, goat, sheep, and pork. The amplification was observed with samples from cattle only without cross-reactivity with other meat species. The analytical sensitivity of LAMP and PCR method for cattle DNA detection was 0.0001 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Repeatability of the assay was achieved on samples from known/blind and admixture meat with other than cattle at the relative percentage of 20%, 10%, 5%, and 1%. The study concluded that the developed assay can be easily employed for the rapid identification of tissue of cattle origin in meat and meat products in low resource areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumari
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India.,Division of Livestock Products Technology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - R R Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - S K Mendiratta
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India.,Division of Livestock Products Technology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - Jyoti Jawla
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Anurag
- Division of Livestock Production Management, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - Preeti Rana
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatngar, Bareilly, 243122 India
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Kaur S, Rakshit S, Choudhary M, Das AK, Kumar RR. Meta-analysis of QTLs associated with popping traits in maize (Zea mays L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256389. [PMID: 34411180 PMCID: PMC8376040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising demand for popcorn necessitates improving the popping quality with higher yield of popcorn cultivars. Towards this direction several Quantitative Traits Loci (QTLs) for popping traits have been identified. However, identification of accurate and consistent QTLs across different genetic backgrounds and environments is necessary to effectively utilize the identified QTLs in marker-assisted breeding. In the current study, 99 QTLs related to popping traits reported in 8 different studies were assembled and projected on the reference map "Genetic 2005" using BioMercator v4.2 to identify metaQTLs with consistent QTLs. Total ten metaQTLs were identified on chromosome 1 (7 metaQTLs) and 6 (3 metaQTLs) with physical distance ranging between 0.43 and 12.75 Mb, respectively. Four identified metaQTLs, viz., mQTL1_1, mQTL1_5, mQTL1_7 and mQTL6_2 harboured 5-8 QTL clusters with moderately high R2 value. The clustered QTLs were from two or more experiments. Based on the expression pattern in endosperm and pericarp tissues, a total of 229 genes were selected. Nineteen of these genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Of the 19 genes specifically involved in carbohydrate metabolism, 11 of them were in these regions, implying the importance of these clustered QTLs. MetaQTL1_1 at bin location 1.01 coincided with the reported QTLs related to various agronomic traits like stalk diameter, tassel length, leaf area and plant height. The identified metaQTLs can be further explored for fine mapping and candidate gene identification, which can be validated by loss or gain of function. Identified metaQTLs can be used for introgression of popping traits towards enhancing the popping ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhijit Kumar Das
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Krishnan V, Awana M, Singh A, Goswami S, Vinutha T, Kumar RR, Singh SP, Sathyavathi T, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Starch molecular configuration and starch-sugar homeostasis: Key determinants of sweet sensory perception and starch hydrolysis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1087-1095. [PMID: 33965496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch-sugar homeostasis and starch molecular configuration regulates the dynamics of starch digestibility which result in sweet sensory perception and eliciting glycemic response, which has been measured in vitro as inherent glycemic potential (IGP). The objective of the research was to understand the key determinants of IGP as well as sweetness in different Pearl millet (PM) genotypes. To understand the intricate balance between starch and sugar, total starch content (TSC) and total soluble sugars (TSS) were evaluated. Higher concentrations of TSC (67.8%), TSS (2.75%), glucose (0.78%) and sucrose (1.68%) were found in Jafarabadi Bajra. Considering the role of compact molecular configuration of starch towards digestibility, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed. A-type crystallinity with crystallinity degree (CD %) ranged from 53.53-62.63% among different genotypes, where the least CD% (53.53%) was found in Jafarabadi Bajra. In vitro starch hydrolyzation kinetics carried out to determine IGP, revealed a maximum of 77.05% IGP with minimum 1.42% resistant starch (RS) in Jafarabadi Bajra. Overall our results suggest higher sweet sensory perception of Jafarabadi Bajra which is contributed by the matrix composition with least molecular compactness of starch. Also, the interdependence among starch quality parameters; CD%, IGP, RS and amylose has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Awana
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - S P Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Tara Sathyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet (AICRP-PM), ICAR, Jodhpur, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Jha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Dhooria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - V Dhir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Talukder S, Mendiratta SK, Kumar RR, Agrawal RK, Soni A, Luke A, Chand S. Jamun fruit ( Syzgium cumini) skin extract based indicator for monitoring chicken patties quality during storage. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 57:537-548. [PMID: 32116363 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural plant pigment, anthocyanins have the capability to change its color with the change of its structure influenced by changing pH. This feature of anthocyanin has been harnessed to design a meat products quality indicator. In the present experiment anthocyanin rich Jamun fruit (Syzgium cumini) skin extract was used to develop quality indicator by immobilizing on filter paper strips with the purpose of application in chicken patties packets stored at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 °C). The indicator changed its color from violet to yellow due to changed pH in it when it was attached inside packet of chicken patties during storage, due to reaction with volatile basic compounds generated from meat. During storage for 21 days, various changes in quality attributes of chicken patties viz., pH, Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), ammonia level, color value, sensory attributes and microbial evaluation were estimated. The pH decreased (P < 0.5) from 6.22 to 6.04. TVBN and ammonia and level increased significantly (P < 0.5) throughout storage. Redness, yellowness, hue and chroma value gradually changed during storage. Sensory scores also decreased significantly (P < 0.5). Microbial count also increased (P < 0.5) during this time. The experiment showed that, during storage, the color changing pattern of quality indicator was well correlated with the changes in quality attributes of chicken meat patties. Therefore, it is expected that the developed quality indicator can provide a convenient, non destructive, visual mean to monitor the meat products quality during refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Talukder
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - S K Mendiratta
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - R R Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - R K Agrawal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - A Soni
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - A Luke
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - S Chand
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
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Dwivedi P, Kumar RR, Dhooria A, Adarsh MB, Malhotra S, Kakkar N, Naidu S, Sharma SK, Sharma A, Jain S, Dhir V. Corticosteroid-associated lupus pancreatitis: a case series and systematic review of the literature. Lupus 2019; 28:731-739. [PMID: 31023131 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319844004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is an uncommon complication that occurs in 0.85% to 4% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In some patients, it occurs within days to weeks of starting medium-to-high dose corticosteroids. The authors have used the term 'corticosteroid-associated lupus pancreatitis' for these patients, and they report a case series and perform a systematic review of previously published reports. METHODS For the purpose of this study, corticosteroid-associated lupus pancreatitis was defined as occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with SLE (fulfilling the 1997 ACR), within 3 weeks of starting therapy with medium-to-high dose corticosteroids - either newly initiated or escalated from a lower dose. All patients with SLE admitted in the last 2.5 years in a North Indian university hospital were reviewed, and those with pancreatitis who fulfilled the above criteria were included in the case series. For the systematic review, a PUBMED search using the keywords 'lupus' and 'pancreatitis' was performed, and reports in English were reviewed for an association with corticosteroids. RESULTS Among 420 admissions of SLE patients, six patients (1.4%) fulfilled criteria for corticosteroid-associated lupus pancreatitis. All were female, with mean age and disease duration of 19.7 ± 3.3 and 3.8 ± 2.5 years respectively. All had active disease and developed acute pancreatitis within 48-72 hours of newly initiating medium-to-high dose corticosteroids (in three patients) or escalating them to medium-high dose (in three patients). After the development of pancreatitis, corticosteroids were continued in all except one patient. In addition, two patients received pulse methylprednisolone, two received pulse cyclophosphamide and one was started on azathioprine. Three patients died during hospitalization, all with severe pancreatitis. On systematic review, among 451 cases of lupus pancreatitis reported, 23 (5%) fulfilled criteria for 'corticosteroid-associated lupus pancreatitis'. A majority of them had pancreatitis within 3 days of starting treatment with medium-to-high dose corticosteroids. The mortality in these patients was 37.5%. CONCLUSION In a small but substantial proportion of patients with lupus who develop pancreatitis, it occurs within days to weeks of starting medium-to-high dose corticosteroids. Many of these patients continue to receive corticosteroids, and some receive more aggressive immunosuppression. However, they have significant mortality, and further studies are required to identify appropriate treatment in this subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dwivedi
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - R R Kumar
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Dhooria
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - M B Adarsh
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Malhotra
- 2 Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - N Kakkar
- 2 Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Naidu
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sharma
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Sharma
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Jain
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - V Dhir
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Wing, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Jha
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Wing, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Sharma
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Wing, Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India
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Singh A, Permar V, Jain RK, Goswami S, Kumar RR, Canto T, Palukaitis P, Praveen S. Induction of cell death by tospoviral protein NSs and the motif critical for cell death does not control RNA silencing suppression activity. Virology 2017; 508:108-117. [PMID: 28527340 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Groundnut bud necrosis virus induces necrotic symptoms in different hosts. Previous studies showed reactive oxygen species-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) resulted in necrotic symptoms. Transgenic expression of viral protein NSs mimics viral symptoms. Here, we showed a role for NSs in influencing oxidative burst in the cell, by analyzing H2O2 accumulation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression levels of vacuolar processing enzymes, H2O2-responsive microRNA 319a.2 plus its possible target metacaspase-8. The role of NSs in PCD, was shown using two NSs mutants: one in the Trp/GH3 motif (a homologue of pro-apototic domain) (NSsS189R) and the other in a non-Trp/GH3 motif (NSsL172R). Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) expressing NSsS189R enhanced the PCD response, but not TRV-NSsL172R, while RNA silencing suppression activity was lost in TRV-NSsL172R, but not in TRV-NSsS189R. Therefore, we propose dual roles of NSs in RNA silencing suppression and induction of cell death, controlled by different motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vipin Permar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - R K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tomas Canto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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19
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Kedia A, Dwivedy AK, Pandey AK, Kumar RR, Regmi P, Dubey NK. Efficacy of chemically characterized Foeniculum vulgare Mill seed essential oil in protection of raw tobacco leaves during storage against fungal and aflatoxin contamination. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:991-8. [PMID: 26218659 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To report fungal and aflatoxin contamination in stored tobacco leaves and the potential of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seed essential oil (EO) as a plant-based preservative in protection of tobacco during storage. METHODS AND RESULTS Mycological analysis of tobacco samples was done by surface sterilization and serial dilution tests. The Aspergillus flavus isolates were screened for their toxigenicity. Both in vivo and in vitro tests were done to evaluate antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of chemically characterized EO. The mycoflora analysis revealed 108 fungal colonies belonging to five genera and nine species. All A. flavus isolates were found aflatoxigenic during screening. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of EO identified 19 components (99·66%); estragole being the major component (47·49%). The EO showed broad fungitoxicity at 1·25 μl ml(-1) and 100% inhibition to AFB1 production as well as ergosterol synthesis at 1·0 μl ml(-1) concentration. EO showed 100% protection of stored tobacco samples from aflatoxin B1 contamination. CONCLUSIONS The fennel EO can thus be formulated as a plant-based preservative for food items. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present investigation comprises the first report on antiaflatoxin efficacy of fennel oil and its potency in the protection of tobacco leaves from fungal and aflatoxin contamination during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kedia
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - A K Dwivedy
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - R R Kumar
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - P Regmi
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - N K Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of advanced study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Raghavan R, Krishnamurthy S, Ganesh RN, Kumar RR, Mahadevan S. Takayasu arteritis: Association with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in a 9-year-old child. Indian J Nephrol 2014; 24:407-8. [PMID: 25484544 PMCID: PMC4244730 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.134685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Raghavan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - R N Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - R R Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - S Mahadevan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Abstract
This study evaluated the protective potential of curcumin on the possible side effects of bortezomib (Bt) therapy on normal cells in mice. The mice were segregated into three groups ( n = 10) that included normal control, Bt-treated, and Bt + curcumin-treated groups. The Bt treatment resulted in significant decrease in the enzyme activity of erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). Also a significant decrease in the hemoglobin (Hb) was also noticed. On the other hand, curcumin co-treatment improvised enzyme activity of erythrocyte ALAD as well as Hb values. The study, therefore, concludes that curcumin co-treatment with Bt has a potential to take care of possible side effects of Bt therapy on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RR Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - A Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Gokulakrishnan P, Kumar RR, Sharma BD, Mendiratta SK, Sharma D. Sex Determination of Cattle Meat by Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of the DEAD Box Protein (DDX3X/DDX3Y) Gene. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:733-7. [PMID: 25049620 PMCID: PMC4093110 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Determination of sex origin of cattle meat by fast and reliable molecular methods is an important measure to ensure correct allocation of export refunds particularly in European countries and also female cattle (cow) slaughter is legally banned in India because of religious beliefs. Based on the DEAD box protein gene located on the X and Y chromosomes, 2 pair of primers were designed and the system of PCR was optimized. Upon PCR amplification, male tissue showed 2 bands, while female tissue resulted in only one band. The accuracy and specificity of the primers was assessed using DNA template extracted from cattle meat of known sex. The protocol was subjected to a blind test and showed 100% concordance, proving its accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gokulakrishnan
- Genome Mapping Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243 122, India
| | - R R Kumar
- Genome Mapping Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243 122, India
| | - B D Sharma
- Genome Mapping Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243 122, India
| | - S K Mendiratta
- Genome Mapping Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243 122, India
| | - D Sharma
- Genome Mapping Laboratory, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) 243 122, India
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Kumar RR, Hay KD. Demographic analysis of oral lichen planus presentations to Auckland Oral Medicine Clinic from 1999 to 2006. N Z Dent J 2010; 106:113-114. [PMID: 20882741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics of a case series of patients with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral lichen planus who presented to the Oral Health Unit (Auckland District Health Board) between the years 1999 and 2006 (an 8-year period). METHOD The records of patients who had a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral lichen planus were audited. Demographic (age, gender, ethnicity), clinical and histopathological data were collated. Patients whose ethnicity was not recorded were noted but not included in this part of the analysis. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2006, 267 patients (82 males, 185 females; age range 21 to 93 years) had a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral lichen planus. Ethnicity data were available for 207 of those, of whom 108 (52.2%) were European; 65 (31.4%) of Indian subcontinent origin (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka); 20 (9.7%) were Asian; 14 (6.8%) were Pacific Islanders; 50 (24.2%) were 'Other'; and 10 (4.8%) were 'Unknown'. None was Maori. CONCLUSION The age and gender distribution in this case series were similar to that observed in a comparable UK study. The major findings were in the ethnic distribution of oral lichen planus in the sample, with patients of Indian subcontinent origin being over-represented, and Māori being under-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Adelaide Dental Hospital, South Australia
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24
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Kumar A, Garg R, Yadav CL, Vatsya S, Kumar RR, Sugumar P, Chandran D, Mangamoorib LN, Bedarkar SN. Immune responses against recombinant tick antigen, Bm95, for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2009; 165:119-24. [PMID: 19625129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses against Bm95 recombinant cattle tick antigen and its protective efficacy for control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks were determined in experimental crossbred cow calves. Anti-Bm95 antibody titers, as assessed by indirect ELISA, in immunized calves ranged from 196.1+/-13.7 on day 0 to 7979.9+/-312.5 on day 110 post-primary immunization. The rise in antibody titer was statistically significant (p<0.01) throughout the study period. Besides this, constantly higher lymphoproliferative response (LPR), as assessed by lymphocyte stimulation test, was observed from 10 days post-immunization, but a positive LPR of antigen stimulated cells in immunized animals was recorded only on day 50 and day 70 post-immunization. Following challenge of immunized calves with larvae of R. microplus, significant increase (p<0.01) in rejection percentage, mean number of damaged ticks, mean percentage of dead ticks, and decrease in engorgement weight were recorded in immunized animals. Also, there were significant differences (p<0.01) in preoviposition period, oviposition period, egg mass weight and percent hatchability between the immunized and control calves. The percent reduction in number of adult females in vaccinated calves, reduction in mean weight of egg masses, percent reduction in mean weight and reduction in fertility of engorged females collected from vaccinated calves were determined and the efficacy of Bm95 recombinant cattle tick antigen was 81.27%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Mohan PM, Chetan PS, Kumar RR. Phosalone-Induced Changes in Regional Cholinesterase Activities in Rat Brain during Behavioral Tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4314/afrrev.v3i2.43602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Mohanty B, Arul S, Kumar RR, Kumar M, Ramaswamy S. Metabolic syndrome--prevalence and significance of its detection in selected population in Pondicherry. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 52:307-310. [PMID: 19552065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity by itself is not an immediate lethal disease, however, it is a significant risk factor associated with a range of serious non-communicable diseases. Our aim is to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in interns coming from higher socioeconomic class. Sixty one interns participated in the study. BMI, WHR and blood chemistry were performed. EGIR criteria were considered to identify the metabolic syndrome. According to EGIR criteria, insulin resistance was found in 24.5% cases and metabolic syndrome exists in 14.7% of overweight/obese interns. Insulin resistance as per HOMA-IR was found in 6% of those having metabolic syndrome. High diastolic blood pressure, low HDLc are prone to develop metabolic syndrome by six times where as an increase in WHR (central obesity) particularly in male are eleven times more prone to develop metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Mohanty
- Department of Biochemistry, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry 607 402.
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27
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Konyalian VR, Rosing DK, Haukoos JS, Dixon MR, Sinow R, Bhaheetharan S, Stamos MJ, Kumar RR. The role of primary tumour resection in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2007; 9:430-7. [PMID: 17504340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2007.01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The management of stage IV colorectal cancer is controversial. Resection of the primary tumour to prevent obstruction, bleeding or perforation is the traditional approach, although survival benefit is undetermined. Management consisting of diverting ostomy, enteric bypass, laser recanalization or endoscopic stenting is an alternative to radical resection. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of resection of the primary tumour in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, with specific attention paid to survival benefit and safety. METHOD This was a retrospective review of all stage IV colon and rectal cancer patients in our tumour registry between 1991 and 2002. Data collected included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, detail from the hospital course including diagnostic data and operative management, complications and survival time (days). Survival analysis was performed to assess the effect of primary tumour resection on long-term survival. RESULTS 109 patients were studied. Sixty-two (57%) patients (group I) underwent resection of the primary tumour, whereas 47 (43%) patients (group II) were managed without resection. Median survival times for groups I and II were 375 (IQR: 179-759) and 138 (IQR: 35-262) days respectively (P < 0.0001). After controlling for age, sex, tumour location and level of liver involvement as well as liver function, patients who underwent resection still survived longer (HR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21-0.55). CONCLUSION Palliative resection of the primary tumour plays an essential role in the management of stage IV colorectal cancer. Resection can offer increased survival and is indicated in certain patients with incurable disease. Limited metastatic tumour burden of the liver was associated with better survival in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Konyalian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
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28
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Garg R, Kumar RR, Yadav CL, Banerjee PS. Duration of anthelmintic effect of three formulations of ivermectin (oral, injectable and pour-on) against multiple anthelmintic-resistant haemonchus contortus in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31:749-55. [PMID: 17237985 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of investigations that were conducted in a sheep flock in Uttaranchal, India where repeated failure of anthelmintic medication was noted. The study revealed that Haemonchus contortus in sheep had developed resistance to benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, mebendazole and albendazole), imidazothiazole (levamisole) and salicylanide (rafoxanide), while it was fully susceptible to avermectins (ivermectin). Further, the suppression of nematode egg output in faeces of sheep naturally infected with multiple anthelmintic-resistant H. contortus following treatment with ivermectin tablet (0.4 mg/kg body weight (bw), orally), ivermectin injection (1% w/v, 0.2 mg/kg bw, subcutaneously) and ivermectin pour-on (0.5 w/v, 0.5 mg/kg bw) was also studied over a period of 10 weeks post treatment. It was noted that ivermectin tablet after initial clearance of infection (faecal egg count reduction 100%), could not prevent establishment of new patent natural infection for even a single day, while ivermectin pour-on and injection prevented the establishment of new infection for 7 and 14 days post treatment, respectively. Maximum protection period (duration for which mean faecal egg count of sheep reaches 500 eggs per gram of faeces or more) of 68 days was recorded in sheep treated with injectable ivermectin, followed by pour-on (60 days) and oral (53 days) preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garg
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar-263145, Uttaranchal, India.
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29
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Kumar RR, Ramanappa MV, Satish P. Radiological quiz - musculoskeletal. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.32391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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30
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Greilich PE, Okada K, Latham P, Kumar RR, Jessen ME. Aprotinin but not epsilon-aminocaproic acid decreases interleukin-10 after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Circulation 2001; 104:I265-9. [PMID: 11568067 DOI: 10.1161/hc37t1.094781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal circulation induces a systemic inflammatory response, which may adversely affect organ function. One manifestation of this response is increased fibrinolysis. Antifibrinolytic drugs such as aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid have been effective in reducing fibrinolysis and blood loss after extracorporeal circulation; however, the effects of antifibrinolytic drugs on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators are not known. This study examined the effects of aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid on plasma levels of proinflammatory [interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and anti-inflammatory [interleukin-10 (IL-10)] cytokines during and after extracorporeal circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-two patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation were randomly assigned in a double-blind study to receive high-dose aprotinin, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, or saline placebo. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured at 5 time points before, during, and after extracorporeal circulation. In all 3 groups, both IL-6 and IL-10 rose significantly after institution of extracorporeal circulation and remained elevated through the first postoperative day. Compared with saline, aprotinin significantly reduced IL-10 (P=0.02) and peak IL-6 (P=0.02) after extracorporeal circulation. In contrast, none of the reductions in IL-6 and IL-10 by epsilon-aminocaproic acid achieved statistical significance. Both aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid decreased blood loss compared with saline, but there was no significant difference in the number of patients receiving blood products among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid differ in their effects on the inflammatory response to extracorporeal circulation. Aprotinin but not epsilon-aminocaproic acid appears to attenuate the rise in the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Further studies will be required to determine if these cytokine alterations translate to changes in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Greilich
- Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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31
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Abstract
Overexpession of EGFR has been reported in a variety of human cancers and serves as a target for diagnosis and therapy. In the case of breast cancer, about 48% EGFR and have poor clinical prognosis. Besides the prognostic factors like tumor size, nodal status, histological grade etc., which are significant in the management of breast cancer, EGFR level might also serve as an additional parameter. Immunocytochemical assay has been extensively used to study the expression of EGFR in various cancers. We have generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies against human EGFR with a view to evaluate their application for the diagnosis and therapy of these cancers. In the present study, an EIA has been developed using 2 monoclonal antibodies against hEGFR designated as CIBCNSH3 as the capture antibody and CIBCRGC1 as the detector antibody. EGFR isolated from MDA MB 468, a human breast carcinoma cell line, with high expression of EGFR and purified by conA affinity chromatography and HPLC has been used to develop the EIA procedure. Sera samples of 150 healthy women donors, of 300 breast cancer patients with different histological types of malignancies and of various other types of cancers have been analyzed. The control women had a range for serum EGFR level of 7-162 fmol/ml, whereas the 300 breast cancer patients studied had a range of 126-1587 fmol/ml with a cut off value of 180 fmol/ml. It is interesting to note that 67.5% of breast cancer patients had elevated levels of circulating EGFR. These results might suggest that serum EGFR level can be used as prognostic marker for breast cancer. The serum EGFR level will be compared with disease free interval and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Group, CDFD, Hyderabad 500 076, India
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32
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Mohan V, Deepa R, Kumar RR. Role of carotid intimal-medial thickness in assessment of pre-clinical atherosclerosis. Indian Heart J 2000; 52:395-9. [PMID: 11084778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan
- M.V. Diabetes Specialities Centre & Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai
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Abstract
Apoptosis is associated with cascades of biochemical changes, including caspase activation, cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and fragmentation of genomic DNA. Knowledge of the kinetics of these changes in drug-induced apoptosis is important for designing pharmacodynamic studies. We have shown that the slow manifestation of apoptosis contributes to the delayed pharmacological effects of paclitaxel (Cancer Res. 58:2141-2148, 1998). The present study examined the timing of the biochemical changes in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in human prostate PC3 cancer cells. After treatment with 20 nM paclitaxel, the fraction of cells that detached from the culture flask increased with time to reach 68% at the end of the 96-hour experiment. In contrast, the control samples showed <1% detachment. The attached and detached paclitaxel-treated cells showed different biochemical properties. The detached cells exhibited the full spectrum of apoptotic changes, whereas the attached cells only showed activation of caspase-3-like proteases but not PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, nor release of DNA fragments to the cytoplasm. Activation of caspases in the attached cells was several-fold lower and occurred at a later time (ie, 24 vs 12 hours) compared to the detached cells. In the detached cells, caspase activation was first detected at 12 hours and peaked at 36 hours, whereas PARP cleavage was first detected at 24 hours and was completed prior to 72 hours. In contrast, the extent of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and the release of DNA-histone complex to the cytoplasm (both were first detected at 24 hours) were cumulative over time up to the last time point of 96 hours. In summary, in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, caspase activation was followed with a 12-hour lag time by PARP cleavage, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and release of DNA-histone complex to the cytoplasm. There was no detectable lag time between PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. The observation that only the detached cells but not the attached cells showed the full spectrum of apoptotic changes suggests that detachment is either a part of the initiation/execution phases of apoptosis and/or is required for their completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Au
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Aveneue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Kumar RR, Shafiulla M, Sridhar H. Association of tuberculosis with malignancy at KIMIO--an oncology centre. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1999; 42:339-43. [PMID: 10862295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of tuberculosis and malignancy was studied at an oncology centre in Bangalore. The study period was from January 1981 to December 1995. A total of 8779 clinical material obtained from patients were screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Out of which 675 were positive for acidfast bacilli, 385 from non malignant conditions and 290 from malignant conditions. Highest incidence is seen in Head and Neck cancer (42%) followed by Gastrointestinal cancer (14.1%), Lung cancer (13.8%), Haematological cancer (10.7%), Reproductive cancer (10.3%) and miscellaneous group (9%), Antibiogram of Mycobacterial cultures was done in 282 subjects. Resistance patterns to antitubercular drugs showed highest with Isonicotinic acid hydrochloride (INH) (17.7%), followed by para amino salicylic acid (PAS) (8.5%), Streptomycin (SM) (6.7%), Rifampicin (RIF) (4.6%) and Ethambutol (EM) (0.35%).
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore
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35
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Tehrani HY, Petros JG, Kumar RR, Chu Q. Markers of severe appendicitis. Am Surg 1999; 65:453-5. [PMID: 10231216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Appendicitis is a common surgical disease that often presents with vague, inconclusive symptoms. Despite the development of technologically advanced diagnostic modalities, perforation has usually occurred before the surgeon sees the patient. Morbidity, length of stay, and hospital costs associated with appendiceal perforation have not changed markedly in the past 50 years. To evaluate prognostic markers for severe appendicitis, we reviewed 18 years' worth of records of patients with appendicitis who were admitted to St. Elizabeth's Medical Center of Boston and found that the combination of history and physical examination has withstood the test of time. We found that advancing age, duration of symptoms for 36 or more hours, white blood cell count, shift left in white blood cell count, and fever were significantly related to severe appendicitis. An abnormal plain film was a marker if fever coexisted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tehrani
- Department of Surgery, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center of Boston, Massachusetts 02135, USA
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Udayachander M, Meenakshi A, Sivakumar N, Kumar RR, Shankar SG, Dean CJ, Modjtahedi H. Characterization of monoclonal antibody CIBCNSH3 generated to the human EGF receptor. Hum Antibodies 1999; 9:149-54. [PMID: 10690627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody CIBCNSH3 of IgG1 isotype has been generated against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using MDA MB 468 breast carcinoma cell line as immunogen. Earlier studies have revealed that this MAb blocked growth factor-receptor interaction and thus inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth. In the present paper, this MAb has been extensively characterized to evaluate its application in the study of human cancers. The results were compared with those obtained using a control MAb ICR 62 specific to EGFR. Competitive assay showed that this MAb bound to an epitope in the extracellular domain of the EGFR to which MAb ICR 62 also bound. This MAb immunoprecipitated the 170 kD glycoprotein. The specificity was further confirmed by the formation of a single discrete band in western blot analysis. By flow cytometric analysis this monoclonal antibody revealed high binding affinity with MDA MB 468 cells. By immunocytochemical assay, out of 35 breast tumors studied, 40% were found to exhibit strong cell membrane staining and in the case of 25 oral cancers studied, 56% were strong positive. High expression of EGFR was observed in MDA MB 468 cells and HN 5 cells. These studies clearly indicate that MAb CIBCNSH3 might prove useful to identify tumors with high level of expression of EGFR associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Udayachander
- Department of Biochemical Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Chennai, India
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37
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Kumar RR, Kumar BR, Shafiulla M, Lakshmaiah KC, Sridhar H. Fusarium solani infection in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1997; 40:555-7. [PMID: 9444872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple necrotizing skin lesions due to Fusarium solani in an elderly man with acute myelogenous leukemia is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore
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Kumar RR, Jayshree RS, Sridhar H. Prevalence of HIV infection in voluntary blood donors and cancer patients. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1996; 39:187-9. [PMID: 8972146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV infection pattern amongst cancer patients and voluntary blood donors was studied at an oncology centre in South India. The study period was from May 1991 to March 1994. A total of 18,260 subjects were screened for HIV infection. Of which 14,266 were voluntary blood donors and 3994 were cancer patients. The HIV infection rate amongst voluntary blood donors and cancer patients was 0.042% (6/14266) and 0.4% (16/3994) giving a seropositivity rate of 0.42 and 4.0 per 1000 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore
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39
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Modlin IM, Kumar RR, Soroka CJ, Ahlman H, Nilsson O, Goldenring JR. Histamine as an intermediate growth factor in genesis of gastric ECLomas associated with hypergastrinemia in mastomys. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:1446-53. [PMID: 8026255 DOI: 10.1007/bf02088047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Profound and sustained inhibition of gastric acid secretion has been associated with development of carcinoid tumors of the fundic enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in rodents. While ECL cell hyperplasia has been recognized in humans, the development of carcinoid tumors is rare and often confined to patients under treatment for gastrinoma related to the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) syndrome. The Mastomys was utilized as a model for the rapid induction of ECLomas by insurmountable acid secretory blockade induced by the pharmacologically irreversible H2-receptor antagonist, loxtidine. Loxtidine-induced ECL cell hyperplasia and neoplasia were compared in the absence of presence of cyproheptadine (0.5 mg/kg), an H1-receptor antagonist. Loxtidine administration resulted in a significant increase in ECL cell hyperplasia and neoplasia as well as an increase in ECL cell number, mucosal thickness, plasma gastrin levels, and stomach weight. Cyproheptadine ameliorated loxtidine-induced ECL cell hyperplasia and neoplasia and significantly decreased loxtidine-stimulated increases in ECL cell number. Nevertheless, cyproheptadine failed to alter the loxtidine-induced increase in plasma gastrin, stomach weight or mucosal height. The results indicate that cyproheptadine, an H1-receptor antagonist, inhibits loxtidine-induced ECL cell hyperplasia independent of any effects on serum gastrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Modlin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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40
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Abstract
Despite the promising potential of video-assisted thoracoscopic pleurectomy in the treatment of pneumothoraces, conventional surgical intervention by a thoracotomy and pleurodesis with ligation/stapling of bullae remains the main form of treatment in many hospitals. It is with this in mind that we present our experience of 250 patients who have undergone surgical pleurodesis for treatment of a persistent or recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Of these patients, 74 had undergone parietal pleurectomy (PP), 93 pleural abrasion (PA), 60 transaxillary apical pleurectomy (TAP), and 23 had undergone apical pleurectomy via a posterolateral or submammary thoracotomy (APT). In general, there were few complications and we could show no discernible difference in the rate of complications between the groups. Despite there being no significant difference in the median period of postoperative intercostal tube drainage, there was a significant difference between the groups in the number of patients with a postoperative hospital stay equal to or greater than seven days and a postoperative serosanguinous volume loss greater than 500 ml. Those patients that had undergone parietal pleurectomy tended to remain in hospital for a longer period (> or = 7 days) and to have a heavier serosanguinous volume loss (> 500 ml). There have been no recurrent cases in the PP and APT groups. Their respective median follow up periods are 62 (range 15-83) and 32 (range 15-54) months. The median follow up period in the PA group was 42 (range 13-69) months, one recurrence occurred after 7 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- U U Nkere
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, England
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Ahuja RC, Sinha N, Kumar RR, Saran RK. Effect of metoprolol and diltiazem on the total ischaemic burden in patients with chronic stable angina: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Cardiol 1993; 41:191-9. [PMID: 8288408 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5273(93)90115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a randomised controlled trial to study the effects of metoprolol and diltiazem on the total ischaemic burden--sum of symptomatic and silent myocardial ischaemia, in 146 patients with stable angina pectoris. One-hundred thirty-four completed the study protocol. Sixty-eight patients received metoprolol (100 mg twice daily, n = 52, 50 mg twice daily, n = 16) while 66 received diltiazem (90 mg three times daily, n = 50, 60 mg three times daily, n = 16). The drugs were given for 4 weeks. The primary outcome variables were frequency and duration of total ischaemic burden, silent and symptomatic myocardial ischaemia. These were measured on 48 h of Holter monitoring. The reductions in duration and frequency of total ischaemic burden by metoprolol, 76% and 40%, respectively, were significantly higher than by diltiazem, 43% and 24%, respectively (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02). The frequency and duration of silent myocardial ischaemia, which constituted more than 80% of the total ischaemic burden in the two groups showed similar results. However, the reduction in frequency of symptomatic myocardial ischaemia only was significantly greater by metoprolol (63% than diltiazem (24%) as the difference in reduction of duration of symptomatic ischaemia was insignificant (85% vs. 75%; P > 0.05). Whether a greater reduction of total ischaemic burden by metoprolol as compared to diltiazem has any implications for prognosis in patients with chronic stable angina remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ahuja
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical College, Lucknow, India
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Modlin IM, Lewis JJ, Ahlman H, Bilchik AJ, Kumar RR. Management of unresectable malignant endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 176:507-518. [PMID: 8386860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Malignant endocrine tumors of the pancreas are a heterogenous group of tumors with a multipotential secretory capacity. The lesions are generally slow growing with a relatively long life expectancy from the time of diagnosis. Death results from a combination of local and metastatic disease and the sequelae of excess hormone secretion. While potentially successful curative resections are rare, long term survival is frequently possible based on the rate of growth and the inhibition of the bioactive effects of the secretory products of the tumor. Regional control with palliative surgical debulking and transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatic metastases has an important role in terms of symptomatic relief and long term survival. These tumors respond frequently to chemotherapy. Combination chemotherapy is more effective than single agent treatment. Preliminary information suggests that leukocyte interferon is useful in treatment, but this agent still requires careful prospective evaluation. While current data do not support the use of octreotide for an antitumor effect, it is capable of producing prompt and substantial symptomatic relief with minimal side effects in a large proportion of patients with functional malignant endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Many advances have been made in the recognition, diagnosis and management of patients with malignant endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Additional basic cellular research is necessary to define the molecular and cell biologic factors of these tumor cells. Particular facets that require further understanding include their basic cytogenetic abnormality, regulation of peptide production and the role of peptides and other growth factors in endocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulatory relationships. The answers to these questions will hopefully promulgate the discovery of improved cytotoxic agents, better peptide pharmacotherapeutic agents and improve the overall management of patients with unresectable malignant endocrine tumors of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Modlin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06510
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Reubi JC, Waser B, Horisberger U, Halter F, Soroka CJ, Kumar RR, Goldenring JR, Modlin IM. Identification of somatostatin and gastrin receptors on enterochromaffin-like cells from Mastomys gastric tumors. Endocrinology 1992; 131:166-72. [PMID: 1319317 DOI: 10.1210/endo.131.1.1319317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the gastric fundus of the Mastomys can develop into solid ECL cell tumors, either spontaneously or after induction by acid inhibition. We used this tumor tissue to perform in vitro receptor autoradiography for somatostatin (SS), gastrin, and substance-P, using, respectively, [125I]Tyr3-octreotide, [125I]gastrin-17, and [125I]Bolton-Hunter-labeled substance-P as radioligands. A high density of SS receptors was found in the nontumor fundic mucosa, where gastrin receptors were only barely detectable. However, in the group of spontaneously developing ECL cell tumors, a high density of SS and gastrin receptors was observed, homogeneously distributed in the tumor tissue. In addition, the loxtidine-induced ECL cell tumors expressed a high density of SS and gastrin receptors. The receptors were specific for the respective peptide and of high affinity, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.90 nM for SS receptor and 0.87 nM for gastrin receptors. No substance-P receptors were detected on the ECL cell tumors, although they were present in the muscle layers of the Mastomys gastric fundus. These results demonstrate that ECL-derived tumors express receptors for both SS and gastrin. This observation is consistent with the proposal that there is substantial regulation of the histamine-producing ECL cell by SS and gastrin. The presence of gastrin receptors is compatible with a role for gastrin as a trophic factor in ECL cell hyperplasia and neoplasia. The expression of SS receptors may be of diagnostic and therapeutic relevance in the regulation of ECL function and neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Reubi
- Sandoz Research Institute, Berne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Plasma gastrin has been reported to be elevated among patients with colorectal cancer. The objectives of the present study were to confirm this observation and, if confirmed, to shed light on the reason for the elevation. Presurgical and postsurgical fasting plasma gastrin levels were compared between 24 patients hospitalized for colorectal adenocarcinoma resection and 25 control patients hospitalized for other surgery. Elevated presurgical gastrin levels in the case group that fell after surgery would be consistent with production of gastrin by the tumor. High presurgical gastrin levels in the case group that did not change following surgery would be consistent with excess gastrin production by G cells. The mean presurgical gastrin levels were 21.9 +/- 3.7 pM (cases) and 45.1 +/- 18.0 pM (controls). The mean postsurgical gastrin levels were 20.5 +/- 3.9 pM (cases) and 43.4 +/- 14.6 pM (controls). These results do not provide support for the hypotheses that gastrin is elevated in colorectal cancer patients or that gastrin is secreted by colorectal tumors in sufficient quantities to be measurable in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yapp
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Abstract
A 24-year-old male presented with exertional dyspnoea of one year's duration. Echocardiography revealed an unruptured aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva distorting the mitral valvar apparatus and producing severe regurgitation in the absence of myocardial ischemia or infarction. We propose an alternate mechanism for the mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Kumar RR, Gokul BN, Chandramukhi A, Khanna N, Swamy HS. Shigella flexneri bacteraemia in post partum period. J Assoc Physicians India 1988; 36:390. [PMID: 3053638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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