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Menéndez MI, Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Pino-Rios R, Urzúa-Leiva R, Morales-Lovera S, Borges-Martínez M, Granados-Tavera K, López R, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Near-infrared absorption of fused core-modified expanded porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2884925. [PMID: 37093138 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photophysical, photovoltaic, and charge transport properties of fused core-modified expanded porphyrins containing two pyrroles, one dithienothiophene (DTT) unit, and 1-4 thiophenes (1-4) were inspected by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. Compounds 1-3 have been investigated experimentally before, but 4 is a theoretical proposal whose photophysical features match those extrapolated from 1 to 3. They exhibit absorption in the range of 700-970 nm for their Q bands and 500-645 nm for their Soret bands. The rise of thiophene rings placed in front of the DTT unit in the expanded porphyrin ring causes a bathochromic shift of the longest absorption wavelength, leading to near-infrared absorptions, which represent 49% of the solar energy. All the systems show a thermodynamically favorable process for the electron injection from the dye to TiO2 and adsorption on a finite TiO2 model. The electron regeneration of the dye is only thermodynamically feasible for the smallest expanded porphyrins 1 and 2 when I-/I3- electrolyte is used. The charge transport study shows that for voltages lower than 0.4 V, junctions featuring pentaphyrin 1 and octaphyrin 4 are more conductive than those containing hexaphyrin 2 or heptaphyrin 3. The results showed that the four fused core-modified expanded porphyrins investigated are potential dyes for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells, mainly pentaphyrin 1 and hexaphyrin 2. Moreover, increasing the number of thiophene rings in the macrocycle proved fruitful in favoring absorption in the near-infrared region, which is highly desired for dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nicolas Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Simone Morales-Lovera
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Merlys Borges-Martínez
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kevin Granados-Tavera
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022 Santiago, Chile
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2
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Lu D, Urzúa-Leiva R, Denis-Alpizar O, Guo H. Hyperthermal Dynamics and Kinetics of the C( 3P) + N 2(X 1Σg+) → CN(X 2Σ+) + N( 4S) Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2839-2845. [PMID: 36944165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The hyperthermal dynamics and kinetics of the title reaction, which plays an important role in hypersonic chemistry for atmospheric entry vehicles, are investigated using quasi-classical trajectory methods on a recently developed ground electronic state potential energy surface. The dynamics calculations indicated that the reaction follows a complex-forming mechanism, despite its large endoergicity. The calculated differential cross section is forward-backward symmetric, consistent with a long-lived reaction intermediate supported by the NCN potential well. The lifetime of the reaction complex is sufficiently long that the vibrational distribution of the CN product can be predicted by the phase space theory. The calculated vibrational state specific and thermal rate coefficients follow the Arrhenius behavior, and the agreement with existing low-temperature experimental thermal rate coefficients is satisfactory. Extrapolations to high temperatures relevant to hypersonic conditions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
| | - Otoniel Denis-Alpizar
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Chi-Durán I, Fritz RA, Urzúa-Leiva R, Cárdenas-Jirón G, Singh DP, Herrera F. Anisotropic Band-Edge Absorption of Millimeter-Sized Zn(3-ptz) 2 Single-Crystal Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS Omega 2022; 7:24432-24437. [PMID: 35874204 PMCID: PMC9301724 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising tailor-designed materials for developing next-generation solid-state devices with applications in linear and nonlinear coherent optics. However, the implementation of functional devices is challenged by the notoriously difficult process of growing large MOF single crystals of high optical quality. By controlling the solvothermal synthesis conditions, we succeeded in producing large individual single crystals of the noncentrosymmetric MOF Zn(3-ptz)2 (MIRO-101) with a deformed octahedron habit and surface areas of up to 37 mm2. We measured the UV-vis absorption spectrum of individual Zn(3-ptz)2 single crystals across different lateral incidence planes. Millimeter-sized single crystals have a band gap of E g = 3.32 eV and exhibit anisotropic absorption in the band-edge region near 350 nm, whereas polycrystalline samples are fully transparent in the same frequency range. Using solid-state density functional theory (DFT), the observed size dependence in the optical anisotropy is correlated with the preferred orientation adopted by pyridyl groups under conditions of slow crystal self-assembly. Our work thus paves the way for the development of optical polarization switches based on metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Chi-Durán
- Department
of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén A. Fritz
- Department
of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Dinesh Pratap Singh
- Department
of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
- ANID
Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department
of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile
- ANID
Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
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Urzúa-Leiva R, Denis-Alpizar O. Study of the CN(X 2Σ +) + N( 4S) Reaction at High Temperatures: Potential Energy Surface and Thermal Rate Coefficients. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8168-8174. [PMID: 34499507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions involving C and N play an essential role in the chemistry around the surface of a hypersonic spacecraft during its atmospheric re-entry. The collision of CN with other molecules and atoms has particular interest in aerothermodynamic modeling. This work focuses on the study of the CN + N → N2 + C reaction in the triplet manifold 3A″ of CN2. A high-level full-dimensional potential energy surface for this system is developed from ab initio calculations at the MRCI-F12 + Q level of theory. This surface is employed in quasiclassical trajectory calculations, and thermal rate coefficients from 100 to 20,000 K are computed. The rates for the formation of N2 are compared with the available experimental data, and good agreement is found. At low and intermediate temperatures, the N2 formation is more efficient than the N-exchange process, while at high temperatures, the rates for both processes are comparable. Finally, analytically modified Arrhenius expressions for the reaction rates of N2 formation and N-exchange are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
| | - Otoniel Denis-Alpizar
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
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Urzúa-Leiva R, Narymany Shandy A, Xie H, Lira-Cantú M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Effects of the methylammonium ion substitution by 5-ammoniumvaleric acid in lead trihalide perovskite solar cells: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02748k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, lead triiodide perovskite (APbI3) (A: organic cation) solar cells (PSCs) have been broadly studied due to their promising features related to the low cost, easy manufacturing process, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Amir Narymany Shandy
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC
- and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Bellaterra E-8193
- Spain
| | - Haibing Xie
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC
- and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Bellaterra E-8193
- Spain
| | - Mónica Lira-Cantú
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)
- CSIC
- and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- Bellaterra E-8193
- Spain
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
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Santander C, Urzúa-Leiva R, Stoecklin T, Denis-Alpizar O. Rotational Transitions of HOC + Induced by Collision with He at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10990-10995. [PMID: 31795633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The HOC+ molecule has for long been detected in several regions of the interstellar medium (ISM). The collisional ro-vibrational rate coefficients of this molecule with the most common colliders in the ISM are then required for applying nonlocal thermal equilibrium models. However, this molecule has a low bending frequency (249 cm-1), and the use of the rigid rotor approximation is therefore limited to low collision energies. Also, the complete determination of the ro-vibrational rate coefficients of HOC+ in collision with He requires including the bending motion in the analytical model of the potential energy surface (PES) of the system. The first goal of this work is then to develop the first rigid bender four-dimensional PES for the interaction between HOC+ and He. To this aim, a large grid of ab initio energies are computed at the CCSD(T)-F12b/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory and an analytical representation of the PES is obtained using a combination of least square and reproducing kernel Hilbert space procedures. The global minimum of this PES is found to be reached for a linear configuration of the complex. In the second part of this study, rigid rotor close-coupling calculations are performed at low collision energy, and the calculated rate coefficients are compared to those previously determined for the collisions of He with its HCO+ isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Santander
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425 , 7500912 Providencia , Santiago , Chile
| | - Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425 , 7500912 Providencia , Santiago , Chile
| | - Thierry Stoecklin
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255 , 33405 Talence Cedex , France
| | - Otoniel Denis-Alpizar
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425 , 7500912 Providencia , Santiago , Chile
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Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Urzúa-Leiva R, Páez-Hernández D, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Spin-filter transport and magnetic properties in a binuclear Cu(ii) expanded porphyrin based molecular junction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8418-8426. [PMID: 31115414 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the magnetic and transport properties of molecular junction systems composed of metalled porphyrins or phthalocyanines have been broadly studied in recent years, to date no studies have been devoted to evaluate the aforementioned properties in junction systems featuring metalled expanded porphyrins as active elements. The present work reports a detailed theoretical study of the magnetic and electronic transport properties of the recently synthesized dinuclear Cu(ii)-naphthoisoamethyrin complex (PyCu2). This is the first work on performing these kinds of studies using a magnetically coupled metallic expanded porphyrin as a molecular kernel. DFT and wave function-based methods have been used to determine the nature of the magnetic interaction between the metallic centres, characterized by the exchange coupling constant J, showing that although this was found to be weakly antiferromagnetic, after an exhaustive analysis it turns out that the coupling has a ferromagnetic nature with a value of J = 14.2 cm-1. Once the magnetic ground state of PyCu2 was rigorously established, the spin resolved transport properties of the device composed of the expanded porphyrin attached to two gold nano-wires were studied by means of the combination of DFT and the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, in order to explore PyCu2 prospects as a possible spintronic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Dayán Páez-Hernández
- Relativistic Molecular Physics Group (ReMoPh), Universidad Andrés Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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Urzúa-Leiva R, Pino-Rios R, Cárdenas-Jirón G. The influence of antenna and anchoring moieties on the improvement of photoelectronic properties in Zn(ii)-porphyrin-TiO 2 as potential dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4339-4348. [PMID: 30724278 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06988c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study for the rational design of porphyrins (P4 spider-shaped derivatives) with potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells is presented. Using density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP/6-31G*) and time-dependent DFT (M06/6-31G*) we show that the UV-vis absorption properties of a spider-shaped Zn(ii) porphyrin, previously synthesized by Stangel et al., may be greatly improved by applying some push-pull strategies in meso positions. We found that the selected triphenylamine push group induces a remarkable improvement in the absorption bands of P4 spider-shaped derivatives. The pull effect reached through the π-electron-rich phenyl group and the benzodithiazole (BTD) group allowed the Q bands to be red-shifted up to 689 nm, much longer than the 593 nm reported experimentally for the original spider-shaped porphyrin. The adsorption results of the P4 spider-shaped derivatives onto a TiO2-anatase surface model [Ti16O34H4] through the carboxylic acid group showed that the adsorptions energies were favourable and very similar in all cases. Natural bond orbitals (NBO) indicated a two-center bond (BD) O(carboxyl)-Ti(TiO2) for the porphyrin with the highest adsorption energy (8.27 kcal mol-1), and donor acceptor interactions from LP O(carboxyl) to Ti(TiO2) for the other porphyrins. The natural transition orbitals (NTO) for P4-derivatives-TiO2 confirm the nature of the excited states associated with Q and Soret bands. Finally, the frontier molecular orbitals revealed charge-separated states between those occupied and unoccupied, indicating a favourable charge-transfer process between the dyes and the surface conduction bands. In conclusion, this work showed a systematic study based on the push-pull strategy that improves the performance of porphyrins with the purpose to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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