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Quan L, Sun X, Xu L, Chen RA, Liu DX. Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacts with the p50 regulatory subunit of host DNA polymerase delta and plays a synergistic role with RNA helicase in the induction of DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2176008. [PMID: 36724449 PMCID: PMC9937006 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2176008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the cell cycle is a common strategy shared by many viruses to create a conducible cellular microenvironment for their efficient replication. We have previously shown that infection of cells with gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) activated the theataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway and induced cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases, partially through the interaction of nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13) with the p125 catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta (pol δ). In this study, we show, by GST pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining, that IBV nsp12 directly interacts with the p50 regulatory subunit of pol δ in vitro and in cells overexpressing the two proteins as well as in cells infected with a recombinant IBV harbouring an HA-tagged nsp12. Furthermore, nsp12 from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 was also able to interact with p50. These interactions play a synergistic role with nsp13 in the induction of S phase arrest. The fact that subunits of an essential cellular DNA replication machinery physically associate with two core replication enzymes from three different coronaviruses highlights the importance of these associations in coronavirus replication and virus-host interaction, and reveals the potential of targeting these subunits for antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Quan
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Xu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, Ding Xiang Liu
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Wei Y, Dai G, Huang M, Wen L, Chen RA, Liu DX. Construction of an infectious cloning system of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and identification of glycoprotein 5 as a potential determinant of virulence and pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227485. [PMID: 37547693 PMCID: PMC10397516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of pigs causes a variety of clinical manifestations, depending on the pathogenicity and virulence of the specific strain. Identification and characterization of potential determinant(s) for the pathogenicity and virulence of these strains would be an essential step to precisely design and develop effective anti-PRRSV intervention. In this study, we report the construction of an infectious clone system based on PRRSV vaccine strain SP by homologous recombination technique, and the rescue of a chimeric rSP-HUB2 strain by replacing the GP5 and M protein-coding region from SP strain with the corresponding region from a highly pathogenic strain PRRSV-HUB2. The two recombinant viruses were shown to be genetically stable and share similar growth kinetics, with rSP-HUB2 exhibiting apparent growth and fitness advantages. Compared to in cells infected with PRRSV-rSP, infection of cells with rSP-HUB2 showed significantly more inhibition of the induction of type I interferon (IFN-β) and interferon stimulator gene 56 (ISG56), and significantly more promotion of the induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, ISG15 and ISG20. Further overexpression, deletion and mutagenesis studies demonstrated that amino acid residue F16 in the N-terminal region of the GP5 protein from HUB2 was a determinant for the phenotypic difference between the two recombinant viruses. This study provides evidence that GP5 may function as a potential determinant for the pathogenicity and virulence of highly pathogenic PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Dai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
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3
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Cui X, Fan K, Liang X, Gong W, Chen W, He B, Chen X, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang P, Lu X, Chen R, Lin K, Liu J, Zhai J, Liu DX, Shan F, Li Y, Chen RA, Meng H, Li X, Mi S, Jiang J, Zhou N, Chen Z, Zou JJ, Ge D, Yang Q, He K, Chen T, Wu YJ, Lu H, Irwin DM, Shen X, Hu Y, Lu X, Ding C, Guan Y, Tu C, Shen Y. Virus diversity, wildlife-domestic animal circulation and potential zoonotic viruses of small mammals, pangolins and zoo animals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2488. [PMID: 37120646 PMCID: PMC10148632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife is reservoir of emerging viruses. Here we identified 27 families of mammalian viruses from 1981 wild animals and 194 zoo animals collected from south China between 2015 and 2022, isolated and characterized the pathogenicity of eight viruses. Bats harbor high diversity of coronaviruses, picornaviruses and astroviruses, and a potentially novel genus of Bornaviridae. In addition to the reported SARSr-CoV-2 and HKU4-CoV-like viruses, picornavirus and respiroviruses also likely circulate between bats and pangolins. Pikas harbor a new clade of Embecovirus and a new genus of arenaviruses. Further, the potential cross-species transmission of RNA viruses (paramyxovirus and astrovirus) and DNA viruses (pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus 2, porcine circovirus 3 and parvovirus) between wildlife and domestic animals was identified, complicating wildlife protection and the prevention and control of these diseases in domestic animals. This study provides a nuanced view of the frequency of host-jumping events, as well as assessments of zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Xianghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Biao He
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xingbang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rujian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kaixiong Lin
- Fujian Meihuashan Institute of South China Tiger Breeding, Longyan, 364201, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junqiong Zhai
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Shan
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Shijiang Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Jianfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zujin Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jie-Jian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Monitoring and Rescue Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Tengteng Chen
- Fujian Meihuashan Institute of South China Tiger Breeding, Longyan, 364201, China
| | - Ya-Jiang Wu
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoman Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, 201106, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yi Guan
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, 515041, China.
- Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yongyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Liu SY, Huang M, Fung TS, Chen RA, Liu DX. Characterization of the induction kinetics and antiviral functions of IRF1, ISG15 and ISG20 in cells infected with gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 2023; 582:114-127. [PMID: 37058744 PMCID: PMC10072953 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infection induces a variety of cellular antiviral responses either dependent on or independent of type I interferons (IFNs). Our previous studies using Affymetrix microarray and transcriptomic analysis revealed the differential induction of three IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), IRF1, ISG15 and ISG20, by gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection of IFN-deficient Vero cells and IFN-competent, p53-defcient H1299 cells, respectively. In this report, the induction kinetics and anti-IBV functions of these ISGs as well as mechanisms underlying their differential induction are characterized. The results confirmed that these three ISGs were indeed differentially induced in H1299 and Vero cells infected with IBV, significantly more upregulation of IRF1, ISG15 and ISG20 was elicited in IBV-infected Vero cells than that in H1299 cells. Induction of these ISGs was also detected in cells infected with human coronavirus-OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), respectively. Manipulation of their expression by overexpression, knockdown and/or knockout demonstrated that IRF1 played an active role in suppressing IBV replication, mainly through the activation of the IFN pathway. However, a minor, if any, role in inhibiting IBV replication was played by ISG15 and ISG20. Furthermore, p53, but not IRF1, was implicated in regulating the IBV infection-induced upregulation of ISG15 and ISG20. This study provides new information on the mechanisms underlying the induction of these ISGs and their contributions to the host cell antiviral response during IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ying Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, 526238, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - To Sing Fung
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan LX, Yang B, Fung TS, Chen RA, Liu DX. Transcriptomic analysis reveals crucial regulatory roles of immediate-early response genes and related signaling pathways in coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus infection. Virology 2022; 575:1-9. [PMID: 35987078 PMCID: PMC9375846 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus infection of cells differentially regulates the expression of host genes and their related pathways. In this study, we present the transcriptomic profile of cells infected with gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In IBV-infected human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (H1299 cells), a total of 1162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 984 upregulated and 178 downregulated genes, was identified. These DEGs were mainly enriched in MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways, and 5 out of the 10 top upregulated genes in all transcripts were immediate-early response genes (IEGs). In addition, the induction of 11 transcripts was validated in IBV-infected H1299 and Vero cells by RT-qPCR. The accuracy, reliability and genericity of the transcriptomic data were demonstrated by functional characterization of these IEGs in cells infected with different coronaviruses in our previous publications. This study provides a reliable transcriptomic profile of host genes and pathways regulated by coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia Yuan
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - To Sing Fung
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, 526000, Guangdong, China.
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Yuan L, Fung TS, He J, Chen RA, Liu DX. Modulation of Viral Replication, Apoptosis and Antiviral Response by Induction and Mutual Regulation of EGR and AP-1 Family Genes During Coronavirus Infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1717-1729. [PMID: 35727266 PMCID: PMC9262369 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have evolved a variety of strategies to exploit normal cellular processes and signalling pathways for their efficient reproduction in a generally hostile cellular environment. One immediate-early response gene (IEG) family, the AP-1 gene family, was previously shown to be activated by coronavirus infection. In this study, we report that another IEG family, the EGR family, is also activated in cells infected with four different coronaviruses in three genera, i.e. gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), alphacoronaviruses porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E), and betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43. Knockdown of EGR1 reduced the expression of cJUN and cFOS, and knockdown of cJUN and/or cFOS reduced the expression of EGR1, demonstrating that these two IEG families may be cross-activated and mutual regulated. Furthermore, ERK1/2 was identified as an upstream kinase, and JNK and p38 as inhibitors of EGR1 activation in coronavirus-infected cells. However, upregulation of EGR family genes, in particular EGR1, appears to play a differential role in regulating viral replication, apoptosis and antiviral response. EGR1 was shown to play a limited role in regulation of coronavirus replication, and an anti-apoptotic role in cells infected with IBV or PEDV, but not in cells infected with HCoV-229E. Upregulation of EGR1 may also play a differential role in the regulation of antiviral response against different coronaviruses. This study reveals a novel regulatory network shared by different coronaviruses in the immediate-early response of host cells to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - To Sing Fung
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen He
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, Guangdong, China
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Zhu QC, Li S, Yuan LX, Chen RA, Liu DX, Fung TS. Induction of the Proinflammatory Chemokine Interleukin-8 Is Regulated by Integrated Stress Response and AP-1 Family Proteins Activated during Coronavirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115646. [PMID: 34073283 PMCID: PMC8198748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6. Although they facilitate local antiviral immunity, their excessive release leads to life-threatening cytokine release syndrome, exemplified by the severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, we investigated the roles of the integrated stress response (ISR) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) family proteins in regulating coronavirus-induced IL-8 and IL-6 upregulation. The mRNA expression of IL-8 and IL-6 was significantly induced in cells infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gammacoronavirus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, an alphacoronavirus. Overexpression of a constitutively active phosphomimetic mutant of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), chemical inhibition of its dephosphorylation, or overexpression of its upstream double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) significantly enhanced IL-8 mRNA expression in IBV-infected cells. Overexpression of the AP-1 protein cJUN or its upstream kinase also increased the IBV-induced IL-8 mRNA expression, which was synergistically enhanced by overexpression of cFOS. Taken together, this study demonstrated the important regulatory roles of ISR and AP-1 proteins in IL-8 production during coronavirus infection, highlighting the complex interactions between cellular stress pathways and the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chun Zhu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.Z.); (S.L.); (L.X.Y.)
| | - Shumin Li
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.Z.); (S.L.); (L.X.Y.)
| | - Li Xia Yuan
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.Z.); (S.L.); (L.X.Y.)
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Zhaoqing Branch, Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.Z.); (S.L.); (L.X.Y.)
- Zhaoqing Branch, Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526000, China
- Correspondence: or (D.X.L.); (T.S.F.)
| | - To Sing Fung
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.C.Z.); (S.L.); (L.X.Y.)
- Correspondence: or (D.X.L.); (T.S.F.)
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8
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Wang N, Huang M, Fung TS, Luo Q, Ye JX, Du QR, Wen LH, Liu DX, Chen RA. Rapid Development of an Effective Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Candidate by Attenuation of a Genotype VII Velogenic Isolate Using a Simple Infectious Cloning System. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:648. [PMID: 33094109 PMCID: PMC7528561 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype-matched vaccines provide ideal protection against infection caused by new Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotypes or variants even in the vaccinated chickens. In this study, we report a protocol for attenuation and rapid development of a velogenic NDV isolate as an effective vaccine candidate, using a simple and reliable infectious cloning platform. Based on DHN3, a genotype VII velogenic NDV isolate, recombinant rDHN3 was rescued by co-transfection of plasmids expressing the genomic RNA, NDV proteins NP, P and L, and the T7 polymerase without using a helper virus. Subsequently, an attenuated strain rDHN3-mF was produced by substitution of residues from amino acids 112 to 117 in the DHN3 F protein with the corresponding sequence from the LaSota strain. Both rDHN3 and rDHN3-mF are genetically stable during propagation in cell culture and chicken embryos. Further characterization through determination of EID50, MDT and clinical assessments confirmed that rDHN3 is velogenic and rDHN3-mF lentogenic. Vaccination of one-week-old SPF chicks with inactivated rDHN3-mF produced much higher anti-DHN3 antibody response and better protection against live DHN3 challenge than did the commercial LaSota vaccine, providing 100% protection and much earlier viral clearance. This attenuated NDV isolate would merit further development into a vaccine product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - To Sing Fung
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jun Xian Ye
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Qian Ru Du
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
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9
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Xiang C, Huang M, Xiong T, Rong F, Li L, Liu DX, Chen RA. Transcriptomic Analysis and Functional Characterization Reveal the Duck Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 as an Important Restriction Factor in the Replication of Tembusu Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2069. [PMID: 32983049 PMCID: PMC7480082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection has caused great economic losses to the poultry industry in China, since its first discovery in 2010. Understanding of host anti-DTMUV responses, especially the innate immunity against DTMUV infection, would be essential for the prevention and control of this viral disease. In this study, transcriptomic analysis of duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs) infected with DTMUV reveals that several innate immunity-related pathways, including Toll-like, NOD-like, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathways, are activated. Further verification by RT-qPCR confirmed that RIG-I, MAD5, TLR3, TLR7, IFN-α, IFN-β, MX, PKR, MHCI, MHCII, IL-1β, IL-6, (IFN-regulatory factor 1) IRF1, VIPERIN, IFIT5, and CMPK2 were up-regulated in cells infected with DTMUV. Through overexpression and knockdown/out of gene expression, we demonstrated that both VIPERIN and IRF1 played an important role in the regulation of DTMUV replication. Overexpression of either one significantly reduced viral replication as characterized by reduced viral RNA copy numbers and the envelope protein expression. Consistently, down-regulation of either one resulted in the enhanced replication of DTMUV in the knockdown/out cells. We further proved that IRF1 can up-regulate VIPERIN gene expression during DTMUV infection, through induction of type 1 IFNs as well as directly binding to and activation of the VIPERIN promoter. This study provides a genome-wide differential gene expression profile in cells infected with DTMUV and reveals an important function for IRF1 as well as several other interferon-stimulated genes in restricting DTMUV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Rong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
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10
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Li S, Yuan L, Dai G, Chen RA, Liu DX, Fung TS. Regulation of the ER Stress Response by the Ion Channel Activity of the Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Envelope Protein Modulates Virion Release, Apoptosis, Viral Fitness, and Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3022. [PMID: 32038520 PMCID: PMC6992538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) envelope (E) protein is a small structural protein critical for virion morphogenesis and release. The recently characterized E protein ion channel activity (EIC) has also been implicated in modulating viral pathogenesis. In this study, we used infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) as a model to study EIC. Two recombinant IBVs (rIBVs) harboring EIC-inactivating mutations – rT16A and rA26F – were serially passaged, and several compensatory mutations were identified in the transmembrane domain (TMD). Two rIBVs harboring these putative EIC-reverting mutations – rT16A/A26V and rA26F/F14N – were recovered. Compared with the parental rIBV-p65 control, all four EIC mutants exhibited comparable levels of intracellular RNA synthesis, structural protein production, and virion assembly. Our results showed that the IBV EIC contributed to the induction of ER stress response, as up-regulation of ER stress-related genes was markedly reduced in cells infected with the EIC-defective mutants. EIC-defective mutants also formed smaller plaques, released significantly less infectious virions into the culture supernatant, and had lower levels of viral fitness in cell culture. Significantly, all these defective phenotypes were restored in cells infected with the putative EIC revertants. EIC mutations were also implicated in regulating IBV-induced apoptosis, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and viral pathogenicity in vivo. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of CoV EIC in modulating virion release and various aspects of CoV – host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Dai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing DaHuaNong Biology Medicine Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - To Sing Fung
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Liang JQ, Fang S, Yuan Q, Huang M, Chen RA, Fung TS, Liu DX. N-Linked glycosylation of the membrane protein ectodomain regulates infectious bronchitis virus-induced ER stress response, apoptosis and pathogenesis. Virology 2019; 531:48-56. [PMID: 30852271 PMCID: PMC7112112 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus membrane (M) protein is the most abundant structural protein playing a critical role in virion assembly. Previous studies show that the N-terminal ectodomain of M protein is modified by glycosylation, but its precise functions are yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we confirm that N-linked glycosylation occurs at two predicted sites in the M protein ectodomain of infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV). Dual mutations at the two sites (N3D/N6D) did not affect particle assembly, virus-like particle formation and viral replication in culture cells. However, activation of the ER stress response was significantly reduced in cells infected with rN3D/N6D, correlated with a lower level of apoptosis and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, this study demonstrates that although not essential for replication, glycosylation in the IBV M protein ectodomain plays important roles in activating ER stress, apoptosis and proinflammatory response, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi Liang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Co, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouguo Fang
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, 266 Jingmilu, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province 434025, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Co, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; Zhaoqing DaHuaNong Biology Medicine Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - To Sing Fung
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Co, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Co, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhou NC, Li GH, Chen RA, Liu L. [Acute myeloid leukemia with t (5;12) (q33;p13) and inv (3) (q21q26) : a case report and literature review]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2018; 39:248-250. [PMID: 29562475 PMCID: PMC7343001 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L Liu
- Department of Hematology,Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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13
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Xia DY, Liu L, Hao MW, Liu Q, Chen RA, Liang YM. A combination of STI571 and BCR-ABL1 siRNA with overexpressed p15INK4B induced enhanced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 25387678 PMCID: PMC4244677 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
p15INK4B, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, has been recognized as a tumor
suppressor. Loss of or methylation of the p15INK4B gene in chronic
myeloid leukemia (CML) cells enhances myeloid progenitor formation from common
myeloid progenitors. Therefore, we examined the effects of overexpressed p15INK4B on
proliferation and apoptosis of CML cells. Overexpression of p15INK4B inhibited the
growth of K562 cells by downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin
D1 expression. Overexpression of p15INK4B also induced apoptosis of K562 cells by
upregulating Bax expression and downregulating Bcl-2 expression. Overexpression of
p15INK4B together with STI571 (imatinib) or BCR-ABL1 small interfering RNA (siRNA)
also enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of K562 cells. The enhanced
effect was also mediated by reduction of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and regulation of Bax and
Bcl-2. In conclusion, our study may provide new insights into the role of p15INK4B in
CML and a potential therapeutic target for overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor
resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Xia
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M W Hao
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - R A Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y M Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Chen RA, Tu Y, Cao Y, Liu L, Liang Y. Bortezomib-Dexamethasone or Vincristine-Doxorubicin-Dexamethasone as Induction Therapy Followed by Thalidomide as Maintenance Therapy in Untreated Multiple Myeloma Patients. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1975-84. [PMID: 22118002 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, retrospective study evaluated the effect of thalidomide combined with bortezomib-dexamethasone (TBD) or vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone (T-VAD) on 46 patients with multiple myeloma. Newly diagnosed patients were randomly allocated to receive TBD ( n = 24) or T-VAD ( n = 22). The high-quality response rate (complete response plus very good partial response) was 62.5% in the TBD group and 45.4% for T-VAD. The complete response rate was 29.2% for TBD and 13.6% for T-VAD. Overall survival at 2 and 3 years, respectively, was 91.7% and 62.5% for TBD versus 86.4% and 54.5% for T-VAD. Most of the toxic effects of treatment were well tolerated. Both regimens were effective in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Further studies are required to determine the role of thalidomide in these two regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- RA Chen
- Department of Haematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Tu
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Haematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Haematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Chen RA, Michaeli T, Van Aelst L, Ballester R. A role for the noncatalytic N terminus in the function of Cdc25, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Genetics 2000; 154:1473-84. [PMID: 10747046 PMCID: PMC1461032 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/154.4.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC25 gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ras proteins. Its catalytic domain is highly homologous to Ras-GEFs from all eukaryotes. Even though Cdc25 is the first Ras-GEF identified in any organism, we still know very little about how its function is regulated in yeast. In this work we provide evidence for the involvement of the N terminus of Cdc25 in the regulation of its activity. A truncated CDC25 lacking the noncatalytic C-terminal coding sequence was identified in a screen of high-copy suppressors of the heat-shock-sensitive phenotype of strains in which the Ras pathway is hyper-activated. The truncated gene acts as a dominant-negative mutant because it only suppresses the heat-shock sensitivity of strains that require the function of CDC25. Our two-hybrid assays and immunoprecipitation analyses show interactions between the N terminus of Cdc25 and itself, the C terminus, and the full-length protein. These results suggest that the dominant-negative effect may be a result of oligomerization with endogenous Cdc25. Further evidence of the role of the N terminus of Cdc25 in the regulation of its activity is provided by the mapping of the activating mutation of CDC25HS20 to the serine residue at position 365 in the noncatalytic N-terminal domain. This mutation induces a phenotype similar to activating mutants of other genes in the Ras pathway in yeast. Hence, the N terminus may exert a negative control on the catalytic activity of the protein. Taken together these results suggest that the N terminus plays a crucial role in regulating Cdc25 and consequently Ras activity, which in S. cerevisiae is essential for cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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16
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Abstract
CONTEXT International differences in compliance of patients undergoing hemodialysis are poorly characterized and could contribute to international survival differences. OBJECTIVE To compare international differences in patient compliance with hemodialysis treatments. DESIGN A prospective observational study of patients undergoing hemodialysis in 1995 and a cross-sectional survey of health care professionals caring for hemodialyzed patients in 1996. SETTING AND PATIENTS Four dialysis centers in the southeastern United States with 415 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 1 center in Sweden with 84 patients, and 4 centers in Japan with 194 patients participated in the prospective observational study. In the cross-sectional survey, nurses and nephrologists from the United States (n = 49), Japan (n = 21), and Sweden (n = 16) responded to questions regarding the compliance of their patients undergoing hemodialysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of patients who miss a dialysis treatment and number of missed dialysis treatments. RESULTS Of 415 US patients, 147 missed 699 treatments over a 6-month period (28.1 missed treatments per 100 patient-months or 2.3% of all prescribed treatments). During a 3-month period, there were 0 missed treatments per 100 patient-months for patients from Japan and 0 missed treatments per 100 patient-months for patients from Sweden (P<.001). In the cross-sectional survey, the mean (SD) estimated percentage of patients missing a treatment per month was 4% (3%) for the United States, 0% for Japan, and 0.1% (3%) for Sweden (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Noncompliance is much more common in US patients undergoing hemodialysis than Swedish and Japanese patients. The implications of these results for international differences in survival deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bleyer
- Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1054, USA.
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17
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Chen RA, Wen H. [Clinical study on treatment of male infertility with shengjing pill]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995; 15:205-8. [PMID: 7647540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
202 cases of male infertility were treated with Shengjing Pill. After treatment, quantity and quality of sperm were significantly improved (P < 0.001), levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were enhanced to normal in 96 patients (P < 0.001), levels of anti-sperm-antibody was reduced to normal in 45 cases (P < 0.001), of 148 follow-ups. Their 116 spouses became pregnant and have borne 108 well-developed babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chen
- 1st Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan
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18
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Chen RA, Hodous TK, Liang ZX, Petersen M, Den YC, Mclaughlin JK, Chen JQ, Blot WJ. A comparison of radiographic interpretation of silica exposed workers using the 1963 and the 1986 Chinese roentgenodiagnostic criteria of pneumoconioses. J Tongji Med Univ 1992; 12:120-3. [PMID: 1331488 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As part of a larger study relating to silica exposure, silicosis, and lung cancer mortality in Chinese mine and factory workers, 1936 old posterior-anterior chest X-rays were re-interpreted according to the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of pneumoconioses. Each film was independently read by three individuals from a panel of eleven radiologists, and this reading was compared to the original one. Subsequent to the independent readings, a groups of three readers interpreted the films together, called the consensus readings. Comparisons were made by Chinese stage of pneumoconiosis. For the entire cohort, there was a crude agreement of 57.4% between the old and the new interpretations. Agreement within one step of full agreement was 92.5%. The interpretations done by median reading and by consensus were very similar. In general, there was a tendency for the old readings to be slightly higher compared to the new interpretations. This tendency was most marked in the tin mines, followed in decreasing order by the iron/copper mines, the potteries, and the tungsten mines. The agreement between the old and new interpretations is felt to be satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chen
- Department of Labour Health and Occupational Diseases, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan
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19
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Chen J, McLaughlin JK, Zhang JY, Stone BJ, Luo J, Chen RA, Dosemeci M, Rexing SH, Wu Z, Hearl FJ. Mortality among dust-exposed Chinese mine and pottery workers. J Occup Med 1992; 34:311-6. [PMID: 1312152 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199203000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A cohort study of approximately 68,000 persons employed during 1972 to 1974 at metal mines and pottery factories in south central China was conducted to evaluate mortality from cancer and other diseases among workers exposed to different levels of silica and other dusts. A follow-up of subjects through December 31, 1989 revealed 6,192 deaths, a number close to that expected based on Chinese national mortality rates. There was, however, a nearly 6-fold increase in deaths from pulmonary heart disease (standard mortality ratio, 581; 95% confidence interval 538 to 626), and a 48% excess of mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases (standard mortality ratio, 148; 95% confidence interval, 139 to 158), primarily because of a more than 30-fold excess of pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary heart disease and noncancerous respiratory disease rates rose in proportion to dust exposure. Cancer mortality overall was not increased among the miners or pottery workers. There was no increased risk of lung cancer, except among tin miners, and trends in risk of this cancer with increasing level of dust exposure were not significant. Risks of lung cancer were 22% higher among workers with than without silicosis. The findings indicate that respiratory disease continues to be an occupational hazard among Chinese miners and pottery workers, but that cancer risks are not as yet strongly associated with work in these dusty trades.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Tongji Medical University, School of Public Health, Department of Labor Health and Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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20
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McLaughlin JK, Chen JQ, Dosemeci M, Chen RA, Rexing SH, Wu Z, Hearl FJ, McCawley MA, Blot WJ. A nested case-control study of lung cancer among silica exposed workers in China. Br J Ind Med 1992; 49:167-171. [PMID: 1313281 PMCID: PMC1012089 DOI: 10.1136/oem.49.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to assess whether silica induces lung cancer, a nested case-control study of 316 male lung cancer cases and 1352 controls was carried out among pottery workers and tungsten, copper-iron, and tin miners from five provinces in south central China. Exposure to dust and silica for each study subject was evaluated quantitatively by cumulative exposure measures based on historical industrial hygiene records. Measurements on confounders such as inorganic arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and radon were also collected from the worksites. Information on cigarette smoking was obtained by interviews of the subjects or their next of kin. A significant trend of increasing risk of lung cancer with exposure to silica was found for tin miners, but not for miners working in tungsten or copper-iron mines. Concomitant and highly correlated exposures to arsenic and PAHs among tin miners were also found. Risk of lung cancer among pottery workers was related to exposure to silica, although the dose-response gradient was not significant. Risks of lung cancer were significantly increased among silicotic subjects in iron-copper and tin mines, but not in pottery factories or tungsten mines. The results of this study provide only limited support for an aetiological association between silica and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K McLaughlin
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Etiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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21
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Hodous TK, Chen RA, Kinsley KB, Liu XT, McLaughlin JK, Chen JQ, Wu ZE, Blot WJ. A comparison of pneumoconiosis interpretation between Chinese and American readers and classifications. Journal of Tongji Medical University 1991; 11:225-9. [PMID: 1819033 DOI: 10.1007/bf02888156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As a preliminary step in joint Sino-American pneumoconiosis research efforts, a formal chest X-ray pneumoconiosis reading trial was conducted among Chinese and American radiologists. Twelve Chinese readers from different institutions located in south central China used the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of Pneumoconioses. Three American radiologists, centified as NIOSH "B" readers, used the International Labour Office Classification of Pneumoconioses. The chest X-ray study set consisted of 150 posterior-anterior films. One-half were Chinese X-rays of silica-exposed workers, and the other half were American films of variously exposed workers but primarily coal miners. All readings were done independently. The results showed that the inter-reader variability among the Chinese was similar to that of the American readers, both being in an acceptable range. In addition, there was general agreement between the Chinese and American interpretations. For small opacity profusion, the Chinese readers tended to read slightly more diseases than their American counterparts, although there was exact agreement as to the major category in two-thirds of the films. Agreement for film quality, and pleural disease was less, but was not different from reported variation among American "B" readers. Overall, the results suggest that despite the use of two different classification systems, a valid correspondence exists between the Chinese and American Interpretations, which is suitable for use in epidemiologic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Hodous
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV
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Chen RA. [Classification of heat stroke and sun stroke]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1988; 22:137-9. [PMID: 3197518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yang DJ, Gong YH, Chen RA, Wu T. A comparative study of roentgenologic signs and pathological changes in experimental subacute fluorosis in rabbits. J Tongji Med Univ 1988; 8:11-7. [PMID: 3199479 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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