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Manco M, Ammirata G, Petrillo S, De Giorgio F, Fontana S, Riganti C, Provero P, Fagoonee S, Altruda F, Tolosano E. FLVCR1a Controls Cellular Cholesterol Levels through the Regulation of Heme Biosynthesis and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Flux in Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:149. [PMID: 38397386 PMCID: PMC10887198 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus C receptor 1a (FLVCR1a), initially identified as a retroviral receptor and localized on the plasma membrane, has emerged as a crucial regulator of heme homeostasis. Functioning as a positive regulator of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, FLVCR1a influences TCA cycle cataplerosis, thus impacting TCA flux and interconnected metabolic pathways. This study reveals an unexplored link between FLVCR1a, heme synthesis, and cholesterol production in endothelial cells. Using cellular models with manipulated FLVCR1a expression and inducible endothelial-specific Flvcr1a-null mice, we demonstrate that FLVCR1a-mediated control of heme synthesis regulates citrate availability for cholesterol synthesis, thereby influencing cellular cholesterol levels. Moreover, alterations in FLVCR1a expression affect membrane cholesterol content and fluidity, supporting a role for FLVCR1a in the intricate regulation of processes crucial for vascular development and endothelial function. Our results underscore FLVCR1a as a positive regulator of heme synthesis, emphasizing its integration with metabolic pathways involved in cellular energy metabolism. Furthermore, this study suggests that the dysregulation of heme metabolism may have implications for modulating lipid metabolism. We discuss these findings in the context of FLVCR1a's potential heme-independent function as a choline importer, introducing additional complexity to the interplay between heme and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Ammirata
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco De Giorgio
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Corso Massimo D’Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Center for Omics Sciences, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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2
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Fagoonee S, Invernizzi P. Chronic Liver Diseases: What is Up? J Clin Med 2024; 13:613. [PMID: 38276119 PMCID: PMC10816603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
During the preparation of this Special Issue, Dr [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), IRCSS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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3
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Lucchetti D, Colella F, Artemi G, Haque S, Sgambato A, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S. Smart nano-sized extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy: Potential theranostic applications in gastrointestinal tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104121. [PMID: 37690633 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained tremendous interest in the search for next-generation therapeutics for the treatment of a range of pathologies, including cancer, especially due to their small size, biomolecular cargo, ability to mediate intercellular communication, high physicochemical stability, low immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The theranostic potential of EVs have been enhanced by adopting several strategies such as genetic or metabolic engineering, parental cell modification or direct functionalization to incorporate therapeutic compounds into these nanoplatforms. The smart nano-sized EVs indeed offer huge opportunities in the field of cancer, and current research is set at overcoming the existing pitfalls. Smart EVs are already being applied in the clinics despite the challenges faced. We provide, herein, an update on the technologies employed for EV functionalization in order to achieve optimal tumor cell targeting and EV tracking in vivo with bio-imaging modalities, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies making use of these modified EVs, in the context of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Lucchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Colella
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Artemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 13306, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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Wahid M, Jawed A, Mandal RK, Areeshi MY, El-Shall NA, Mohapatra RK, Tuli HS, Dhama K, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Role of available COVID-19 vaccines in reducing deaths and perspective for next generation vaccines and therapies to counter emerging viral variants: an update. Minerva Med 2023; 114:683-697. [PMID: 37293890 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease wreaked havoc all over the world causing more than 6 million deaths out of over 519 million confirmed cases. It not only disturbed the human race health-wise but also caused huge economic losses and social disturbances. The utmost urgency to counter pandemic was to develop effective vaccines as well as treatments that could reduce the incidences of infection, hospitalization and deaths. The most known vaccines that could help in managing these parameters are Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222), Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S). The effectiveness of AZD1222 vaccine in reducing deaths is 88% in the age group 40-59 years, touching 100% in the age group 16-44 years & 65-84 years. BNT162b2 vaccine also did well in reducing deaths due to COVID-19 (95% in the age group 40-49 years and 100% in the age group 16-44 years. Similarly, mRNA-1273 vaccine showed potential in reducing COVID-19 deaths with effectiveness ranging from 80.3 to 100% depending upon age group of the vaccinated individuals. Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was also 100% effective in reducing COVID-19 deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants have emphasized the need of booster vaccine doses to enhance protective immunity in vaccinated individuals. Additionally, therapeutic effectiveness of Molnupiravir, Paxlovid and Evusheld are also providing resistance against the spread of COVID-19 disease as well as may be effective against emerging variants. This review highlights the progress in developing COVID-19 vaccines, their protective efficacies, advances being made to design more efficacious vaccines, and presents an overview on advancements in developing potent drugs and monoclonal antibodies for countering COVID-19 and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 including the most recently emerged and highly mutated Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, University of Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Panella R, Petri A, Desai BN, Fagoonee S, Cotton CA, Nguyen PK, Lundin EM, Wagshal A, Wang DZ, Näär AM, Vlachos IS, Maratos-Flier E, Altruda F, Kauppinen S, Paolo Pandolfi P. MicroRNA-22 Is a Key Regulator of Lipid and Metabolic Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12870. [PMID: 37629051 PMCID: PMC10454516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancer. Here, we identify microRNA-22 (miR-22) as an essential rheostat involved in the control of lipid and energy homeostasis as well as the onset and maintenance of obesity. We demonstrate through knockout and transgenic mouse models that miR-22 loss-of-function protects against obesity and hepatic steatosis, while its overexpression promotes both phenotypes even when mice are fed a regular chow diet. Mechanistically, we show that miR-22 controls multiple pathways related to lipid biogenesis and differentiation. Importantly, genetic ablation of miR-22 favors metabolic rewiring towards higher energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue, suggesting that modulation of miR-22 could represent a viable therapeutic strategy for treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Panella
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA; (R.P.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Andreas Petri
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Bhavna N. Desai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cody A. Cotton
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA; (R.P.)
| | - Piercen K. Nguyen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA; (R.P.)
| | - Eric M. Lundin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA; (R.P.)
| | - Alexandre Wagshal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anders M. Näär
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ioannis S. Vlachos
- Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sakari Kauppinen
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Renown Institute for Cancer, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, NV 89502, USA
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Fagoonee S, Saccu G, Bussolati B. Innovative stem cell-based strategies for corneal wound healing: A step forward. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2307-2308. [PMID: 37499657 PMCID: PMC10422006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Ahmad F, Saha P, Singh V, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Nath Mishra B, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Diet as a modifiable factor in tumorigenesis: Focus on microbiome-derived bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 410:135320. [PMID: 36610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences have implicated the resident microbiome as a key factor in the modulation of host physiology and pathophysiology; including the resistance to cancers. Gut microbiome heavily influences host lipid homeostasis by their modulatory effects on the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Microbiota-derived BA metabolites such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are implicated in the pathogeneses of various cancer types. The pathogenic mechanisms are multimodal in nature, with widespread influences on the host immunes system, cell survival and growth signalling and DNA damage. On the other hand, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the resident microbial activity on indigestible dietary fibres as well as during intermittent fasting regimens (such as the Ramazan fasting) elicit upregulation of the beneficial anti-inflammatory and anticancer pathways in the host. The present review first provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-derived lipid metabolites in promotion of tumour development. The authors then discuss the potential of diet as a therapeutic route for beneficial alteration of microbiota and the consequent changes in the production of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in relation to the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Savytska M, Kozyk M, Strubchevska K, Yosypenko K, Falalyeyeva T, Kobyliak N, Boccuto L, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Scarpellini E, Abenavoli L. Association between intestinal microflora and obesity. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023:S2724-5985.23.03379-X. [PMID: 36943206 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.23.03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become one of modern society's most serious health problems. Studies from the last 30 years revealed a direct relationship between imbalanced energy intake and increased healthcare costs related to the treatment or management of obesity. Recent research has highlighted significant effects of gut microbial composition on obesity. We aimed to report the current knowledge on the definition, composition, and functions of intestinal microbiota. We have performed an extensive review of the literature searching for the following key words: metabolism, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and obesity. There is evidence that an association between intestinal microbiota and obesity exists at any age. There are complex genetic, metabolic, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Revision of indications for use of probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics in obese patients should be considered. Microbial composition of the gut may be an important factor involved in the development of obesity. Changes in the gut microbiota may result in changes in human metabolism and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Savytska
- Department of Normal Physiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Marko Kozyk
- Corewell Health, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Kateryna Yosypenko
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, Turin, Italy
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Department of Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy -
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Abenavoli L, Aquila I, Sacco MA, Procopio AC, Cinaglia P, Zanza C, Longhitano Y, Arena V, Fagoonee S, Ricci P, Luzza F. Liver injury associated with high value of D-dimer plasmatic level in COVID-19 patients. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:141-148. [PMID: 35470356 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causal agent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has infected millions of people worldwide. Currently, the scientific community debates on the direct viral responsibility of liver damage or whether the observed changes are secondary manifestations of systemic inflammation triggered by COVID-19. The hepatic involvement is associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher risk of COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may predispose patients to thrombotic disease due to excessive inflammation, platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction. METHODS In this paper, we reported a cross-sectional analysis of five patients affected by a severe form of COVID-19, who died between April 11 and May 1, 2020. Each patient has been subjected to a medico-legal autopsy in which both gross and histological liver changes were evaluated, as well as the correlation with the related coagulation profile. RESULTS In three cases of our cohort, the thromboembolism was recognized as cause of death. Furthermore, a significant statistical difference between D-dimer values at hospital admission and death among enrolled patients (P=0.033), was evaluated. No patient has recorded a pre-existing liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the evidence that hepatic damage in subjects with severe form of COVID-19 is related to the changes in coagulative and fibrinolytic pathways. Hence, the evaluation of D-dimer blood levels may be useful in clinical practice to predict the involvement of the liver and the prognosis of these patients. This data highlights the fundamental role of coagulation balance in subjects with advanced form of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Isabella Aquila
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo A Sacco
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna C Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Cinaglia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Foundation "Ospedale Alba-Bra", Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital, Verduno, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Section of Anesthesia and Critical Care, St Giacomo Hospital, Novi Ligure, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietrantonio Ricci
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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10
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Abstract
The human gut is an intensively colonized organ containing microorganisms that can be health-promoting or pathogenic. This feature led to the development of functional foods aiming to fortify the former category at the expense of the latter. Since long, cultured products, including probiotics fortification, have been used for humans as live microbial feed additions. This review presents some of the microbes used as probiotics and discusses how supplementation with probiotics may help initiate and/or restore eubiotic composition of gut microbiota. Additionally, it considers safety and regulatory aspects of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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11
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Verta R, Saccu G, Tanzi A, Grange C, Buono L, Fagoonee S, Deregibus MC, Camussi G, Scalabrin S, Nuzzi R, Bussolati B. Phenotypic and functional characterization of aqueous humor derived extracellular vesicles. Exp Eye Res 2023; 228:109393. [PMID: 36709863 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double membrane vesicles, abundant in all biological fluids. However, the characterization of EVs in aqueous humor (AH) is still limited. The aim of the present work was to characterize EVs isolated from AH (AH-EVs) in terms of surface markers of cellular origin and functional properties. We obtained AHs from patients with cataract undergoing surgical phacoemulsification and insertion of intraocular lenses (n = 10). Nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, super resolution microscopy and bead-based cytofluorimetry were used to characterize EVs from AH. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of AH-EVs on viability, proliferation and wound healing of human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells in vitro in comparison with the effect of mesenchymal stromal cell-EVs (MSC-EVs). AH-EVs had a mean size of around 100 nm and expressed the classical tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81). Super resolution microscopy revealed co-expression of CD9, CD63 and CD81. Moreover, cytofluorimetric analysis highlighted the expression of mesenchymal, stem, epithelial and endothelial markers. In the in vitro wound healing assay on HaCaT cells, AH-EVs induced a significantly faster wound repair, comparable to the effects of MSC-EVs, and promoted HaCaT cell viability and proliferation. We provide evidence, herein, of the possible AH-EV origin from stromal cells, limbal epithelial/stem cells, ciliary epithelium and corneal endothelium. In addition, we showed their in vitro proliferative and regenerative capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Verta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccu
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Adele Tanzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lola Buono
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Nuzzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy.
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12
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Caviglia GP, Ribaldone DG, Fagoonee S. Novelties on non-invasive biomarkers for the assessment of intestinal permeability and gut barrier integrity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:1-3. [PMID: 36856271 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian P Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Davide G Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center (CNR), Turin, Italy
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13
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Wahid M, Mandal RK, Jawed A, Alsulimani A, Hashem AM, Harakeh S, Hussain A, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Haque S. Combined effect of ipilimumab and nivolumab improves oncology endpoints in metastatic melanoma patients. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36617893 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma has less frequency, but considered as the most dreaded cancer. The combination of nivolumab & ipilimumab is proving their mettle in treating metastatic melanoma. The patients when administered with the combination of nivolumab & ipilimumab have shown improved median progression free survival, objective response rate and overall survival rate compared with nivolumab and ipilimumab monotherapy. The combination shrinks the tumor cells by attacking different checkpoints viz. CTLA-4 and PD-L1, respectively. The combination treatment reveals reduced disease progression and suggests nivolumab's non-cross resistant nature. The median progression free survival in "nivolumab plus ipilimumab" group has shown an increase of 66.7% and 296.6% in comparison to nivolumab and ipilimumab monotherapy. The other parameter viz. objective response rate improvement is equivalent to almost 14% and 38.6% when compared to nivolumab and ipilimumab monotherapy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Abenavoli L, Myazin R, Fagoonee S, Cinaglia P, Luzza F, Pellicano R, Emelyanov D. Treatment with phosphatidylcholine of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective pilot study. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:393-399. [PMID: 35511653 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.03066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a complex clinical picture that includes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. In the last decades, several studies have shown that NAFLD increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In a prospective pilot study, the benefit of treatment with phosphatidylcholine in NAFLD patients has been assessed. METHODS Thirty patients with NAFLD were enrolled. All received treatment with phosphatidylcholine (Essentiale® Forte N; Sanofi, Paris, France) 300 mg capsules, administered 2 at time orally, 3 times a day with meals for three months. The clinical and laboratory parameters before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS After the administration of Essentiale® Forte N (Sanofi) the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased by 59.6% (P<0.05) and that of aspartate transaminase (AST) decreased by 75.4% (P<0.05). Moreover, after treatment, an increase in antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase by 48% (P<0.05) and glutathione peroxidase by 48.1% (P<0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicate that treatment with Essentiale® Forte N (Sanofi) for 3 months was associated with a significant decrease in transaminase levels, in the activity of lipid peroxidation markers and with an increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Roman Myazin
- Department of Internal Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Cinaglia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Dmitry Emelyanov
- Department of Internal Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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15
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Nicolosi A, Gaia S, Risso A, Rosso C, Rolle E, Abate ML, Olivero A, Armandi A, Ribaldone DG, Carucci P, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Saracco GM, Bugianesi E, Caviglia GP. Serum glypican-3 for the prediction of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:378-386. [PMID: 36222678 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.03006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glypican-3 (GPC-3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan overexpressed by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Several studies highlighted the diagnostic and prognostic value of GPC-3 expression in liver tissue, while data on the reliability of serum GPC-3 are limited and conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of serum GPC-3 in patients with HCC. METHODS A total of 449 patients (91 F and 358 M; median age 65 [38-86] years) with a new diagnosis of HCC and available serum samples collected at tumor diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had cirrhosis and the main underlying etiology was viral (N.=323, 72%). Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system was adopted for patients' classification (BCLC 0/A, N.=293, 65% vs. B/C/D, N.=156, 35%) and treatment allocation. Response to therapy was assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). RESULTS Median overall survival (OS) after HCC diagnosis was 30 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27-34). Patients with serum GPC-3>150 pg/mL showed lower overall survival (16; 95%CI: 13-24 months) compared to those with GPC-3≤150 pg/mL (36; 95%CI: 30-56 months) (Log-rank test, P<0.001). At multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression analysis, presence of ascites (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]=1.84; 95%CI: 1.23-2.74, P=0.003), BCLC stage (aHR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.39-1.97, P<0.001), mRECIST (aHR=0.33; 95%CI: 0.21-0.51, P<0.001) and GPC-3>150 pg/mL (aHR=2.02; 95%CI: 1.47-2.78, P<0.001) resulted significantly associated to overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Serum GPC-3 resulted an independent prognostic factor for patients with HCC irrespectively from tumor stage and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Nicolosi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Gaia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Risso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rolle
- Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria L Abate
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide G Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Carucci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian P Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
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16
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Fagoonee S, Scigliano N, Gesualdo M, Pellicano R. Mucoprotective effect of a galactomannan- and hyaluronic-based medical device in a reconstructed human esophageal epithelium. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:387-392. [PMID: 34930000 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.03120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder characterized by troublesome symptoms (classically, heartburn and regurgitation). Repeated or prolonged exposure to gastric contents may cause irritation and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa. RefluG™ is a medical device conceived to form a physical barrier on contact with gastric contents, neutralize stomach acid excess, and elicit a mucoprotective effect. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mucoprotective potential of RefluG™ (IHS, Biofarma Group, Lissone, Italy) in a simulated reflux model. METHODS A 3D reconstructed human esophageal epithelium was treated with RefluG™ or sodium alginate (reference sample) or saline solution (negative control) or acid solution (positive control) in a prevention or treatment approach. Histological protection, mucoprotective and barrier effects were evaluated. Preservation of epithelial permeability was determined by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the Lucifer yellow assay. Interleukin (IL)-6 levels were determined as indicator of the ability of RefluG™ to attenuate and/or prevent esophageal irritation. RESULTS RefluG™ was found to better preserve tissue morphology while the epithelial membranes showed higher integrity, as revealed by TEER analysis, compared to the other samples. Luciferin passage was significantly reduced following RefluG™ treatment with respect to other treatment groups. Moreover, after acid insult, RefluG™ treatment significantly decreased IL-6 release into the culture media compared to the reference sample or positive control. CONCLUSIONS These results provide experimental evidence on the efficacy of RefluG™ in preserving the integrity of the esophageal barrier and support data regarding the symptomatic relief observed in patients with GERD receiving RefluG™ as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Norma Scigliano
- Macrofarm Srl, Spin-off Calabria University, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marcantonio Gesualdo
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, San Giovanni Antica Sede (SGAS) Hospital, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
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17
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Cnudde S, Russo M, Prever L, Fuentes S, Murabito A, Logrand F, Fagoonee S, Gulluni F, Hirsch E, Ghigo A. PI3KC2α regulates cardiac contractility by restraining the β-adrenergic receptor/cyclic AMP (β-AR/cAMP) pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.08.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Ahmad F, Varghese R, Panda S, Ramamoorthy S, Areeshi MY, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Smart Nanoformulations for Brain Cancer Theranostics: Challenges and Promises. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215389. [PMID: 36358807 PMCID: PMC9655255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Brain metastases are amongst the most invasive and lethal cancers. Yet, effective methods for their diagnosis and therapy have remained elusive. While several factors are responsible for this, the primary hurdle has been the absence of an appropriate delivery strategy for the diagnostic/therapeutic agents to the brain. Fortunately, the advent of nanobiotechnology and the advances in bioengineering techniques have provided some hope to circumvent this hurdle. The aim of this review is to evaluate the suitability of novel smart nanobiotechnological approaches in brain cancer therapy. We discuss several state-of-the-art strategies for specific delivery of drugs to brain cancer sites with minimal side effects. We further delineate several classes of nanoplatforms that have generated tremendous interest among contemporary scientists as potential agents for brain cancer therapy. In doing so, the authors hope that the review will serve as a platform for further studies for the discovery of brain cancer strategies. Abstract Despite their low prevalence, brain tumors are among the most lethal cancers. They are extremely difficult to diagnose, monitor and treat. Conventional anti-cancer strategies such as radio- and chemotherapy have largely failed, and to date, the development of even a single effective therapeutic strategy against central nervous system (CNS) tumors has remained elusive. There are several factors responsible for this. Brain cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable origins, biochemical properties and degrees of invasiveness. High-grade gliomas are amongst the most metastatic and invasive cancers, which is another reason for therapeutic failure in their case. Moreover, crossing the blood brain and the blood brain tumor barriers has been a significant hindrance in the development of efficient CNS therapeutics. Cancer nanomedicine, which encompasses the application of nanotechnology for diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of cancers, is a rapidly evolving field of translational medicine. Nanoformulations, because of their extreme versatility and manipulative potential, are emerging candidates for tumor targeting, penetration and treatment in the brain. Moreover, suitable nanocarriers can be commissioned for theranostics, a combinatorial personalized approach for simultaneous imaging and therapy. This review first details the recent advances in novel bioengineering techniques that provide promising avenues for circumventing the hurdles of delivering the diagnostic/therapeutic agent to the CNS. The authors then describe in detail the tremendous potential of utilizing nanotechnology, particularly nano-theranostics for brain cancer imaging and therapy, and outline the different categories of recently developed next-generation smart nanoformulations that have exceptional potential for making a breakthrough in clinical neuro-oncology therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ressin Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Subhrajita Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mohammad Y. Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Scali E, Dastoli S, Procopio AC, Ricca D, Mazzei V, Cinaglia P, Gulletta E, Nisticò SP, Pellicano R, Alshuk N, Fagoonee S, Luzza F, Abenavoli L. Evaluation of serum calprotectin as novel biomarker in psoriatic patients: a prospective pilot study. Minerva Med 2022; 113:833-837. [PMID: 35166100 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by erythematous plaques that can extend along the entire skin surface. In the latest years, it has been shown that serum calprotectin correlated strongly with several inflammatory biomarkers. Since high levels of calprotectin have been found in psoriatic lesions, it is of paramount importance to investigate the role of serum calprotectin as a possible novel diagnostic marker of psoriasis. Aim of our prospective pilot study was to assess the level of serum calprotectin in psoriatic patients. METHODS Between January 2018 and July 2019, 45 subjects were enrolled at the Dermatology Unit of Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy. Thirty-two of them were psoriatic patients and 13 healthy controls. Psoriasis severity was assessed by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index. RESULTS A statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.01) was found in terms of body mass index, higher among patients than in controls. By performing the Student's t-test for unpaired data, serum calprotectin resulted significantly higher (P=0.033) among psoriatic patients than in controls. Furthermore, performing the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, serum calprotectin showed a significant area under the curve, implying its possible role in finding psoriatic patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of calprotectin in a group of psoriatic patients and in a control group. The results showed that serum calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. This result confirms the observations present in the literature. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study psoriatic patients had a significant high level of serum calprotectin than healthy subjects, and this biomarker had high accuracy in identifying patients. Further studies, with larger sample size will need to confirm our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Scali
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Dastoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna C Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Ricca
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzei
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Cinaglia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elio Gulletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Steven P Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
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20
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Fagoonee S, Shukla SP, Dhasmana A, Birbrair A, Haque S, Pellicano R. Routes of Stem Cell Administration. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022:63-82. [PMID: 35389198 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are very promising for the treatment of a plethora of human diseases. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of various stem cell types. Factors that ensure successful therapeutic outcomes in patients are cell-based parameters such as source, viability, and number, as well as frequency and timing of intervention and disease stage. Stem cell administration routes should be appropriately chosen as these can affect homing and engraftment of the cells and hence reduce therapeutic effects, or compromise safety, resulting in serious adverse events. In this chapter, we will describe the use of stem cells in organ repair and regeneration, in particular, the liver and the available routes of cell delivery in the clinic for end-stage liver diseases. Factors affecting homing and engraftment of stem cells for each administration route will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy.
| | - Shiv Poojan Shukla
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology, Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
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21
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Kayali S, Pasta A, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Giuliana E, Facchini C, Pili S, Buccilli S, Labanca S, Borro P. Effect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) on liver stiffness measurements obtained by transient and shear-wave elastography. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:479-484. [PMID: 35388660 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since liver fibrosis is one of the most accurate predictors of prognosis in hepatopatic patients, its accurate assessment and staging is a major public health issue. Transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan®) and shear wave elastography (SWE) represent the gold standard techniques among non-invasive methods to assess liver fibrosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is increasingly used to diagnose the nature of liver lesions and is often performed together with TE and SWE. In this study we evaluated the effect of CEUS on liver stiffness measurements obtained by TE and SWE. METHODS A retrospective analysis of ultrasound (US) exams performed by an expert operator was carried out. TE and SWE were performed 30 seconds before and after the execution of CEUS. Statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical software R. Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis was performed to test the normality of continuous variables. The pre- and post-CEUS liver stiffness values were compared using the Wilcoxon's test. RESULTS Ninety-six patients were enrolled. While the measurements were comparable when performed with TE, those obtained by SWE decreased by 6% after administration of the contrast agent (P= 0.0005). Fibrosis stage deviated between pre- and post-CEUS in 16 (17%) patients with Fibroscan® and 22 (23%) patients with SWE. Among the latter, in 9 cases (10%) a deviation from absent-low (F0-F2) to high-fibrosis (F3, F4), or vice versa, occurred. CONCLUSIONS Our study, the first to assess the effects of CEUS on US elastography, shows that the contrast agent (Sonovue®) does not significantly affect liver stiffness measurements obtained by TE, whereas the accuracy decreases when performed by SWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Kayali
- Gastroenterology clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasta
- Gastroenterology clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Facchini
- Gastroenterology clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Pili
- SC Pharmacy ASL3, Villa Scassi Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Buccilli
- Gastroenterology clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Labanca
- Gastroenterology clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Borro
- Hepatobiliopancreatic and Liver transplant Surgery Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy -
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22
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Actis GC, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Ribaldone DG. COVID-19 and the enteric system: rapidly propagating issues. Minerva Med 2022; 114:217-223. [PMID: 35315634 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The newly described SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus is now righteously presenting as an ominous threat, based on the speed with which it originated a zoonosis from bats; advancing at a similar rate, the virus has placed mankind before a pandemic, with an infection toll of some 431 million, and a lethality of 5,9 million (as of 25 February 2022). The size of the harm that this agent can unleash against us is appallingly wide, from brain ischemia to foot chilblain, passing by heart massive infarction. Designing a possible response, we reappraised the well-known equation depression-inflammation, and tested the hypothesis that an upgraded ease-of-mind might help reduce the host's hospitality towards SARS-CoV-2. With time passing, it becomes increasingly evident that the virus shall tend to progressively occupy spaces, replacing pandemics with an apparently calm endemicity. This will have to be avoided, and surveillance of society on psychological terms will be one tenet. Needless to say, the role of the enteric tract in these issues is growing higher, and it will be narrated to seal the matters with the last (not the least) touch of glue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette-SGAS Hospitals, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide G Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
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23
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Fagoonee S, Arigoni M, Manco M, Olivero M, Bizzaro F, Magagnotti C, Andolfo A, Miniscalco B, Forni M, Todeschi S, Tolosano E, Bocchietto E, Calogero R, Altruda F. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Contain Liver-Derived RNA Species as Indicators of Severe Cholestasis-Induced Early Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:480-504. [PMID: 34779230 PMCID: PMC8978575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Biliary diseases represent around 10% of all chronic liver diseases and affect both adults and children. Currently available biochemical tests detect cholestasis but not early liver fibrosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a noninvasive, real-time molecular snapshot of the injured organ. We thus aimed at searching for a panel of EV-based biomarkers for cholestasis-induced early liver fibrosis using mouse models. Results: Progressive and detectable histological evidence of collagen deposition and liver fibrosis was observed from day 8 after bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice. Whole transcriptome and small RNA sequencing analyses of circulating EVs revealed differentially enriched RNA species after BDL versus sham controls. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a signature that allowed for discrimination between BDL and controls. In particular, 151 microRNAs (miRNAs) enriched in BDL-derived EVs were identified, of which 66 were conserved in humans. The liver was an important source of circulating EVs in BDL animals as evidenced by the enrichment of several hepatic mRNAs, such as Albumin and Haptoglobin. Interestingly, among experimentally validated miRNAs, miR192-5p, miR194-5p, miR22-3p, and miR29a-3p showed similar enrichment patterns also in EVs derived from 3,5-diethoxycarboncyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-treated (drug-induced severe cholestasis) but not in mice with mild phenotype or non-cholestatic liver fibrosis. Innovation: A panel of mRNAs and miRNAs contained in circulating EVs, when combined, indicates hepatic damage and fibrosis in mice and represents promising biomarkers for human severe cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Analysis of EV-based miRNAs, in combination with hepatic injury RNA markers, can detect early cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 480-504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arigoni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Manco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Cinzia Magagnotti
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMeFa, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Forni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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24
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Gaia S, Rizza S, Bruno M, Ribaldone DG, Maletta F, Sacco M, Pacchioni D, Rizzi F, Saracco GM, Fagoonee S, De Angelis CG. Impact of Macroscopic On-Site Evaluation (MOSE) on Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy (EUS-FNB) of Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Solid Lesions: A Prospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020428. [PMID: 35204519 PMCID: PMC8870967 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a prospective and comparative study including 76 consecutive patients performing EUS-FNB for pancreatic and extrapancreatic solid lesions, randomized by alternate allocation to macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) (40 patients) or to a conventional technique (40 patients), with three passes each. MOSE samples were differentiated into score 0: no visible material, score 1: only necrotic or haematic material, score 2: white core tissue ≤ 2 mm, or score 3: white core tissue > 2 mm. The conventional technique consisted in pushing all the needle content into a test tube for evaluation by the pathologist. In both groups, a 22–25 Gauge Franseen-tip needle (Acquire, Boston Scientific Co., Natick, MA, USA) was used. The study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and adequacy of MOSE compared to the conventional technique and whether MOSE could optimize the number of passes during EUS-FNB. Results: The analysis was performed on 76 patients (38 MOSE, 38 conventional). The overall diagnostic adequacy was 94.7% (72/76) and accuracy was 84.2% (64/76). The diagnostic accuracy was similar in the two groups: MOSE 86.8% (33/38 lesions), vs. conventional 81.6%, 31/38 lesions, p = 0.76). Regarding diagnostic adequacy, the MOSE technique was 97.4% (111/114 passes) compared to 92.1% (105/114 passes) with the conventional technique, p = 0.06. The accuracy increased according to the MOSE score evaluation: it was 43.5%, 65.5% and 78.3% in patients with score 1, score 2, and score 3, respectively. Moreover, if in the first two passes the MOSE score was 2 or 3, the accuracy was 82.6% (20/23), and upon adding a third pass, the accuracy increased to 87% (20/23), which was not significantly different from the general accuracy of the MOSE samples (86.8%) (p = 0.86). Conclusions: The MOSE score showed a comparable diagnostic accuracy to the conventional technique. However, MOSE allows endoscopists to perform an inspective evaluation of the material, tends to perform better than the conventional technique in terms of diagnostic adequacy, and may potentially reduce the number of passes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaia
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-011-633-6475; Fax: +39-011-633-6752
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
| | - Mauro Bruno
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
| | - Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
| | - Francesca Maletta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Marco Sacco
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
| | - Donatella Pacchioni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Felice Rizzi
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Claudio Giovanni De Angelis
- Gastroenterology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.G.R.); (M.S.); (F.R.); (G.M.S.); (C.G.D.A.)
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25
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de Alencar MVOB, Islam MT, dos Reis AC, de Oliveira Santos JV, Nunes AMV, da Silva FCC, da Conceição Machado K, de Castro e Sousa JM, Reiner Ž, Martorell M, Fagoonee S, Sharifi-Rad J, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Oxidative stress mediated cytogenotoxicological effects of phytol in wistar albino rats. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Raina R, Almutary AG, Bagabir SA, Afroze N, Fagoonee S, Haque S, Hussain A. Chrysin Modulates Aberrant Epigenetic Variations and Hampers Migratory Behavior of Human Cervical (HeLa) Cells. Front Genet 2022; 12:768130. [PMID: 35096000 PMCID: PMC8790538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.768130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Plant-derived phytochemicals have shown epigenetic modulatory effect in different types of cancer by reversing the pattern of DNA methylation and chromatin modulation, thereby restoring the function of silenced tumor-suppressor genes. In the present study, attempts have been made to explore chrysin-mediated epigenetic alterations in HeLa cells. Methods: Colony formation and migration assays followed by methylation-specific PCR for examining the methylation status of CpG promoters of various tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) and the expression of these TSGs at the transcript and protein levels were performed. Furthermore, global DNA methylation; biochemical activities of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone methyl transferases (HMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) along with the expression analysis of chromatin-modifying enzymes; and H3 and H4 histone modification marks analyses were performed after chrysin treatment. Results: The experimental analyses revealed that chrysin treatment encourages cytostatic behavior as well as inhibits the migration capacity of HeLa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chrysin reduces the methylation of various tumor-suppressor genes, leading to their reactivation at mRNA and protein levels. The expression levels of various chromatin-modifying enzymes viz DNMTs, HMTs, HDACs, and HATS were found to be decreased, and H3 and H4 histone modification marks were modulated too. Also, reduced global DNA methylation was observed following the treatment of chrysin. Conclusion: This study concludes that chrysin can be used as a potential epigenetic modifier for cancer treatment and warrants for further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raina
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Afroze
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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27
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Durazzo M, Ferro A, Brascugli I, Mattivi S, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R. Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease: What Should We Know in 2022? J Clin Med 2022; 11:258. [PMID: 35011999 PMCID: PMC8746138 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, small-intestinal, immune-mediated enteropathy due to gluten exposition in genetically predisposed individuals. It occurs in about 1% of the population and often remains an underdiagnosed condition. This could be due to the fact that the adult population often lacks the classical signs and symptoms of CD, manifesting only atypical symptoms. In this review we analyzed the main extra-intestinal manifestations of CD which include cutaneous and endocrinological disorders, abnormal liver function tests, and neuropsychiatric features. When CD is not diagnosed and therefore is not treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD), it can predispose to severe complications, not only gastrointestinal. Thus, it is important for clinicians to quickly recognize the atypical manifestations of CD, considering that an early diagnosis can significantly impact on a patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Arianna Ferro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Isabella Brascugli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Simone Mattivi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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28
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Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the disease called Covid-19 are present in the liver, especially in correspondence with cholangiocytes. Liver damage during SARS-Cov-2 infection can be due to several mechanism including direct cytopathic effect, synergy of intestinal damage / liver damage (lipopolysaccharides / Kupfer and other cells interaction), uncontrolled immune reaction (lymphopenia and significant increase in C reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, interleukin (IL)-6, IL- 10, IL-2, interferon-gamma ...), sepsis, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia and thromboembolic events. An increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 14 to 58% and alanine transaminase (ALT) from 21 to 76% has been reported. The mean level of AST and ALT has been reported to be higher in patients admitted to the intensive care unit than in those hospitalized in the ordinary hospital unit. The correlation of liver damage with worse prognosis is now a known fact, confirmed by numerous studies, in all pandemic phases. The consumption of alcohol reduces both innate and acquired immune activity and it has been hypothesized that this habit is correlated with liver increase of ACE2 receptors. Furthermore, non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatosis / steatohepatitis is a breeding ground for the development of oxidative stress. In this context, any encounter with SARS-Cov-2 infection can support and aggravate the systemic cytokine tsunami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Addiction and Hepatology Unit, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 Liguria c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy -
| | - Antonio DI Biagio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Genoa and Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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29
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Dhasmana A, Dhasmana S, Kotnala S, A A, Kashyap VK, Shaji PD, Laskar P, Khan S, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Haque S, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. A topography of immunotherapies against gastrointestinal malignancies. Panminerva Med 2021; 64:56-71. [PMID: 34664484 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although various approaches are implemented to improve the health condition of GI patients, none of the treatment protocols promise for eradicating cancer. However, a treatment mechanism against any kind of disease condition is already existing executing inside the human body. The 'immune system' is highly efficient to detect and destroy the unfavourable events of the body including tumor cells. The immune system can restrict the growth and proliferation of cancer. Cancer cells behave much smarter and adopt new mechanisms for hiding from the immune cells. Thus, cancer immunotherapy might play a decisive role to train the immune system against cancer. In this review, we have discussed the immunotherapy permitted for the treatment of GI cancers. We have discussed various methods and mechanisms, periodic development of cancer immunotherapies, approved biologicals, completed and ongoing clinical trials, role of various biopharmaceuticals, and epigenetic factors involved in GI cancer immunotherapies (graphical abstract Figure 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Swati Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kotnala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Anukriti A
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University, Lakshamgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek K Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Poornima D Shaji
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Partha Laskar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA - meena.jaggi @utrgv.edu.,South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
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30
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Fatima N, Baqri SSR, Alsulimani A, Fagoonee S, Slama P, Kesari KK, Roychoudhury S, Haque S. Phytochemicals from Indian Ethnomedicines: Promising Prospects for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1606. [PMID: 34679741 PMCID: PMC8533600 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is indispensable for most organisms on the earth because of its role in respiration. However, it is also associated with several unwanted effects which may sometimes prove fatal in the long run. Such effects are more evident in cells exposed to strong oxidants containing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adverse outcomes of oxidative metabolism are referred to as oxidative stress, which is a staple theme in contemporary medical research. Oxidative stress leads to plasma membrane disruption through lipid peroxidation and has several other deleterious effects. A large body of literature suggests the involvement of ROS in cancer, ageing, and several other health hazards of the modern world. Plant-based cures for these conditions are desperately sought after as supposedly safer alternatives to mainstream medicines. Phytochemicals, which constitute a diverse group of plant-based substances with varying roles in oxidative reactions of the body, are implicated in the treatment of cancer, aging, and all other ROS-induced anomalies. This review presents a summary of important phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are a part of Indian ethnomedicine and Ayurveda and describes their possible therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Shia PG College, Lucknow 226003, India;
| | | | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; or
| | | | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa 16059, Turkey
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Abstract
Infection with SARS‑CoV‑2, responsible for COVID‑19, has spread all over the world since the beginning of 2020. Healthcare providers and researchers have been overwhelmed not only by the rapid diffusion of the disease resulting in a pandemic with more than 4 million cases of death, but also by the lack of therapeutic options. After more than 1 year, the knowledge on COVID‑19 has increased thanks to the enormous effort of the scientific community. To date, some algorithms of management have been adopted. While asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients should receive only a symptom‑based treatment and clinical monitoring when necessary, inpatients could be candidates for antiviral treatment due to fully symptomatic disease. Corticosteroid treatment should be limited to patients with severe disease, particularly those with respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since the main clinical features of COVID‑19 are hypoxemia and dyspnea, oxygen therapy remains the cornerstone of managing more severe cases. In this context, the first‑line approach should be represented by low‑flow oxygen delivery via a nasal cannula or, more frequently, via a face mask with a known fraction of inspired oxygen. When low‑flow oxygen fails to significantly improve oxygen saturation, oxygen therapy using a high‑flow nasal cannula is recommended. The current challenges in the treatment of COVID‑19 include the need to define the role of convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies as well as to identify the optimal target and time for anticoagulation. In this review, we highlight the main aspects of these challenges in light of recent updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy; Medical Department, Division of Respiratory Diseases, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gavelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
- Emergency Medicine Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Solidoro
- Pneumology Unit, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Bonetto S, Fagoonee S, Battaglia E, Grassini M, Saracco GM, Pellicano R. Recent advances in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Pol Arch Intern Med 2021; 131:709-715. [PMID: 34463082 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder which presents with abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It affects about 20% of the general population, mainly women, and has a considerable impact on the quality of life and health care costs. Four different entities of IBS have been identified: IBS with constipation (IBS‑ C), IBS with diarrhea (IBS D), IBS with a mixed pattern of constipation and diarrhea, and unclassified IBS. Although the precise pathogenesis of IBS remains unclear, its multifactorial nature is evident and includes environmental and host factors. Management of patients with this disease is challenging and a personalized approach is required. A strong, reassuring physician‑ patient relationship is crucial, followed by patient education, dietary advice, and stress reduction. For nonresponding patients, the therapeutic approach may include nonpharmacological therapies and / or pharmacotherapy. The choice of pharmacological treatment is based on the predominant symptom and a prespecified time point should be planned for effectiveness evaluation and dose adjustment. In patients with IBS‑ D, the therapeutic options include mainly antibiotics, such as rifaximin, peripheral opioid agonists, mixed opioid agonists / antagonists, bile acid sequestrants, and antagonists of serotonin 5‑ hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors. Bulking agents and osmotic laxatives represent the first line therapy for IBS‑ C, while lubiprostone and linaclotide should be reserved for difficult to treat patients. The involvement of gastrointestinal microbiota constitutes a fascinating field of exploration as it offers the potential to be modulated by the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics as well as fecal microbiota transplantation. This review offers an updated overview on the recent advances in the treatment of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Edda Battaglia
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Mario Grassini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette-SGAS Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy; Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette-SGAS Hospital, Turin, Italy.
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33
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Aludwan M, Kobyliak N, Abenavoli L, Kyriienko D, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Komisarenko I. Vitamin D3 deficiency is associated with more severe insulin resistance and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2021; 45:172-180. [PMID: 33000618 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D3 (vit. D3) deficiency is considered as one of the main factors involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed insulin resistance (IR), β-cell functional activity and metabolic profile according to 25(OH) vit. D3 status in patients with T2D. METHODS The study included 109 patients with T2D, divided in 3 groups: group 1 (N.=11) with normal levels of vit. D3 (>30 ng/mL); group 2 (N.=38) with vit. D3 insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL); and group 3 (N.=60) with vit. D3 deficiency (<20 ng/mL). IR and β-cell functional activity were assessed as change in C-peptide concentration and homeostasis model assessment-estimated (HOMA) β-cell function which was calculated using HOMA2 calculator. RESULTS Patients with vit. D3 deficiency presented significantly higher C-peptide concentration compared to other groups. HOMA2 (3.29±1.89 vs. 2.12±0.71; P=0.049) and hemoglobin (H8b)A1c (9.11±1.63 vs. 7.75±1.06; P=0.016) levels changed significantly only in patients with vit. D3 deficiency compared to diabetics with normal vit. D3 levels. Furthermore, in univariate Pearson's correlation analysis, we observed significant association between vit. D3 levels and C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, HOMA2, triglyceride-glucose index, HbA1c and Body Mass Index, only in the vit. D3 deficiency group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, poor glycemic control, as defined by HbA1c levels, was independent from metformin use while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were associated with vit. D3 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that vit. D3 deficiency in patients with T2D was associated with more severe IR, poor glycemic control and obesity compared to normal status or vit. D3 insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aludwan
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine -
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dmytro Kyriienko
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Department of General Endocrine Pathology, Kyiv City Clinical Endocrinology Center, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Iuliia Komisarenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract
Significance: Liver fibrosis results from different etiologies and represents one of the most serious health issues worldwide. Fibrosis is the outcome of chronic insults on the liver and is associated with several factors, including abnormal iron metabolism. Recent Advances: Multiple mechanisms underlying the profibrogenic role of iron have been proposed. The pivotal role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in iron-level regulation, as well as their morphological and molecular dedifferentiation occurring in liver fibrosis, has encouraged research on LSECs as prime regulators of very early fibrotic events. Importantly, normal differentiated LSECs may act as gatekeepers of fibrogenesis by maintaining the quiescence of hepatic stellate cells, while LSECs capillarization precedes the onset of liver fibrosis. Critical Issues: In the present review, the morphological and molecular alterations occurring in LSECs after liver injury are addressed in an attempt to highlight how vascular dysfunction promotes fibrogenesis. In particular, we discuss in depth how a vicious loop can be established in which iron dysregulation and LSEC dedifferentiation synergize to exacerbate and promote the progression of liver fibrosis. Future Directions: LSECs, due to their pivotal role in early liver fibrosis and iron homeostasis, show great promises as a therapeutic target. In particular, new strategies can be devised for restoring LSECs differentiation and thus their role as regulators of iron homeostasis, hence preventing the progression of liver fibrosis or, even better, promoting its regression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 474-486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Manco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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35
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Durazzo M, Ferro A, Fagoonee S, Staiano MT, Saracco GM, Pellicano R. [Helicobacter pylori eradication with a clarithromycin-based triple therapy in elderly patients: a case-control study]. Panminerva Med 2021; 63:332-335. [PMID: 34309333 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), main agents of several gastroduodenal diseases, represents a therapeutic challenge. Since the influence of age on the success of bacterial treatment remains uncertain, in this case-control study we assessed the efficacy of a standard H. pylori eradication therapy among elderly patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 361 naïve patients (194 males, mean age 79.8± 3.4 years) aged more than 65 years and treated with a triple therapy regimen comprising a standard dose of omeprazole twice daily, amoxicillin 1g twice daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily, for 7, 10 or 14 days, were included. They were compared with naïve patients, younger than 65 years (mean age 43± 2.7 years). Since in the year 2017, we began to use the three-in-one single capsule bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, the search was ended at 31 December 2016. RESULTS Overall, H. pylori eradication rate in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, was 70.9% (256/361) among elderly patients versus 70.9% (256/361) among young patients. Dividing by treatment duration, among elderly patients, eradication was obtained in 78.1% (50/64), 69.1% (139/201) and 69.7% (67/96) elderly patients within 7-day, 10-day and 14-day regimens, respectively, without statistical difference. Out of 361 elderly patients, 11 were excluded from the per protocol (PP) analysis because of discontinuations (7 for adverse events). One subject discontinued treatment among young patients. Also the PP analysis showed no statistical difference, with an eradication rate of 73.1% (256/350) among elderly patients versus 71.1% (256/360) among young patients. CONCLUSIONS Elderly does not affect efficacy or safety of a clarithromycin-based triple therapy for H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy - .,Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
| | - Arianna Ferro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria T Staiano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
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36
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Ribaldone DG, Zurlo C, Fagoonee S, Rosso C, Armandi A, Caviglia GP, Saracco GM, Pellicano R. A Retrospective Experience of Helicobacter pylori Histology in a Large Sample of Subjects in Northern Italy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070650. [PMID: 34357021 PMCID: PMC8303344 DOI: 10.3390/life11070650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Updated data about the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its correlation with histological results are scarce. The aim of our study was to provide current data on the impact of H. pylori in a third-level endoscopy service. We performed a large, retrospective study analyzing the results of all histological samples of gastroscopy from the year 2019. In total, 1512 subjects were included. The prevalence of H. pylori was 16.8%. A significant difference between the prevalence in subjects born in Italy and those from eastern Europe, south America, or Africa was found (p < 0.0001, p = 0.006, and p = 0.0006, respectively). An association was found between H. pylori and active superficial gastritis (p < 0.0001). Current H. pylori and/or a previous finding of H. pylori was related to antral atrophy (p < 0.0001). Fifteen patients had low-grade dysplasia. There were no statistically significant associations with current or past H. pylori infection. One patient presented gastric cardia adenocarcinoma with regular gastric mucosa. One patient, H. pylori positive, was diagnosed with gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma in a setting of diffuse atrophy, without metaplasia.. Our study provides updated, solid (biopsy diagnosis and large population) data on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in a representative region of southern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.R.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Carlo Zurlo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.R.); (G.P.C.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (C.R.); (A.A.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Department of General and Specialist Medicine, Gastroenterologia-U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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Sundaram MK, Almutary AG, Alsulimani A, Ahmad SR, Somvanshi P, Bhardwaj T, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Hussain A, Haque S. Antineoplastic action of sulforaphane on HeLa cells by modulation of signaling pathways and epigenetic pathways. Minerva Med 2021; 112:792-803. [PMID: 34114450 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications alter signaling and molecular pathways and are an important therapeutic target. This study examined the effect of sulforaphane on molecular targets in HeLa cells. METHODS Quantitative PCR of various molecular targets was performed. Activity of epigenetic enzymes was measured by ELISA and molecular docking analysis was conducted. Promoter methylation of some tumour suppressor genes was quantified using PCR based methylation array. In-silico protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed to understand the effect of transcriptional changes. RESULTS Quantitative PCR demonstrated the transcriptional modulation of genes involved in proliferation, metastasis, inflammation, signal transduction pathways and chromatin modifiers. Sulforaphane reduced the enzymatic activity of DNA methyl transferases, histone deacetylases and histone methyltransferases. Molecular docking results suggest that sulforaphane competitively inhibited several DNA methyl transferases and histone deacetylases. Promoter 5'CpG methylation levels of selected tumour suppressor genes was found to be reduced which correlated with their transcriptional increase as well modulation of epigenetic enzymes. Further, protein-protein interaction network analysis discerned the participation of genes towards cancer pathways. Functional enrichment and pathway-based analysis represented the modulation of epigenetic and signaling pathways on sulforaphane treatment. CONCLUSIONS The modulation in transcriptional status of epigenetic regulators, genes involved in tumorigenesis resulting in tumour suppressor genes demethylation and re-expression underscores the mechanism behind the anti-cancer effect of sulforaphane on HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha K Sundaram
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Rehan Ahmad
- Hiralal Mazumdar Memorial College of Women, Kolkata, India
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SC&IS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, JNU Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Bhardwaj
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SC&IS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, JNU Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates -
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Ribaldone DG, Imperatore N, Le Grazie M, Furfaro F, Balestrieri P, De Blasio F, Fagoonee S, Mosso E, Boano V, Reggio D, Sarli E, Castiglione F, Milla M, Vecchi M, Saracco GM, Salizzoni M, Romagnoli R, Fiorino G, Astegiano M. Inflammatory bowel disease course in liver transplant versus non-liver transplant patients for primary sclerosing cholangitis: LIVIBD, an IG-IBD study. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:712-716. [PMID: 32972831 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the effect of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) course are scarce and conflicting. AIMS To compare the incidence of refractory IBD in two groups (OLT and non-OLT) of patients affected by IBD and PSC. METHODS An observational, multicentre, cohort retrospective study was conducted by the Italian Group for the study of IBD in Italy. The primary outcome was the need for biologic therapy or bowel resection for medically refractory IBD or hospitalization due to IBD relapse during the follow-up. Secondary outcomes were rate of colonic dysplasia, colorectal cancer, other solid tumours, lymphoma. RESULTS Eighty-four patients were included in the study. The primary outcome was not different between OLT and non-OLT groups (11/27, 40.7%, versus 20/57, 35.1%, respectively, p = 0.62). The lymphoma and other tumours (thyroid cancer, kidney cancer, ileal tumour, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer) rates were significantly higher in the OLT group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively), at the limit of statistical significance for high-grade colonic dysplasia (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION OLT in patients affected by IBD and PSC is not a risk factor for a more severe IBD course, but it is associated with a higher occurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Imperatore
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy; Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Le Grazie
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Furfaro
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico De Blasio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Mosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Boano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Reggio
- General Surgery 2U, Liver Transplant Center, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ennio Sarli
- Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease IG-IBD, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Milla
- IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Salizzoni
- General Surgery 2U, Liver Transplant Center, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- General Surgery 2U, Liver Transplant Center, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Astegiano
- Department of General and Specialist Medicine, Gastroenterologia-U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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- Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease IG-IBD, Florence, Italy
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Moldovan DC, Ismaiel A, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Abenavoli L, Dumitrascu DL. Gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases axis: a review. Minerva Med 2021; 113:189-199. [PMID: 33969961 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a term that includes microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract, has become very attractive lately due to its propensity to act as a virtual organ with endocrine functions, generating various bio-active metabolites, while playing an important role in human health and diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Focusing on the latter field, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, that is the imbalance in the gut microbiota composition, has been linked to various pathologies such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Several pathways were demonstrated to play a role in the complex and intertwined association between the gut microbiota and host, including metabolic endotoxemia, alteration of pattern recognition receptors and short-chain fatty acids, uremic toxins, bile acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide levels, leading to CVDs. Understanding these pathways can allow to identifying metabolites that could be useful predictors for detecting incipient CVDs stages and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the pathways associating the gut microbiota with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora C Moldovan
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology O. Fodor, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania - .,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette-SGAS Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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40
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Testino G, Fagoonee S, Balbinot P, Pellicano R. Alcohol-related liver disease in patients admitted to intensive care unit: how to define alcohol consumption? Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:559. [PMID: 33651962 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1891455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre; ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre; ASL3 c/o San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
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41
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Stalla F, Armandi A, Marinoni C, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Caviglia GP. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and fibrosis: novel non-invasive approaches for diagnosis and risk stratification. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 68:306-318. [PMID: 33871225 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccination, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health concern worldwide. Chronic HBV infection can lead to fibrosis accumulation and overtime to cirrhosis, the principal risk factor for liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard for fibrosis assessment, even though it is invasive and not exempt of complications. Overtime, several non-invasive methods for the detection of liver fibrosis have been developed and gradually introduced into clinical practice. However, their main limitation is the poor performance for the detection of intermediate stages of fibrosis. Finally, novel serological biomarkers, polygenic risk scores and imaging methods have been proposed in last years as novel promising tools to correctly identify the degree of liver fibrosis and to monitor liver disease progression. In this narrative review, we provide an overview on the novel non-invasive approaches for the evaluation of liver fibrosis and risk stratification of patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Stalla
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Marinoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital - Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Gaia S, Ciruolo M, Ribaldone DG, Rolle E, Migliore E, Mosso E, Vola S, Risso A, Fagoonee S, Saracco GM, Carucci P. Higher Efficiency of Percutaneous Microwave (MWA) Than Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) in Achieving Complete Response in Cirrhotic Patients with Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:1034-1044. [PMID: 33669107 PMCID: PMC8025753 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrasting data are available in the literature regarding the superiority of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in very early or early (BCLA 0 or A) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS The primary outcome was to compare the efficacy of RFA and MWA in achieving complete response in cirrhotic patients with early and very early HCC. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate the overall survival and the recurrence rate. METHODS A retrospective, observational, single-center study was performed. Inclusion criteria were liver cirrhosis, new diagnosis of a single node of HCC measuring a maximum of 50 mm or up to three nodules with diameter up to 35 mm, treatment with RFA or MWA. Radiological response was evaluated with multiphasic contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 5-7 weeks after thermal ablation. Complete response was defined when no vital tissue was detected after treatment. RESULTS Overall, 251 HCC patients were included in this study; 81 patients were treated with MWA and 170 with RFA. The complete response rate was similar in MWA and RFA groups (out of 331 nodules, 87.5% (91/104) were treated with MWA and 84.2% (186/221) were treated with RFA, p = 0.504). Interestingly, a subanalysis demonstrated that for 21-35 mm nodules, the probability to achieve a complete response using MWA was almost 5 times higher than for RFA (OR = 4.88, 95% CI 1.37-17.31, p = 0.014). Moreover, recurrence rate in 21-35 mm nodules was higher with RFA with respect to MWA (31.9% versus 13.5%, p = 0.019). Overall survival was 80.4% (45/56) when treated with MWA and 62.2% (56/90) when treated with RFA (p = 0.027). No significant difference was observed between MWA and RFA treatment in the 15-20 mm nodules group. CONCLUSION This study showed that MWA is more efficient than RFA in achieving complete response in HCC nodules with 21 to 35 mm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Michela Ciruolo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Emanuela Rolle
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Elena Mosso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Simone Vola
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandra Risso
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR) at Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrizia Carucci
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.C.); (E.R.); (E.M.); (S.V.); (A.R.); (G.M.S.); (P.C.)
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Ciancio A, Ribaldone DG, Dotta A, Giordanino C, Sacco M, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R, Saracco GM. Long-term follow-up of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C successfully treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. Liver Int 2021; 41:276-287. [PMID: 32998174 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with improved glycometabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but whether this effect is maintained over the long term with a reduction in liver-related events (LRE) is still debated. To address these issues, we conducted a long-term prospective study on diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C cured by direct antiviral agents (DAAs). METHODS Among 893 recruited patients, 15.7% were diabetic (Group 1) and 84.3% non-diabetic (Group 2); changes in fasting glucose (FG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were assessed in Group 1 while the incidence of LRE was established in the whole cohort. Differences between groups were evaluated and independent predictors of unfavourable clinical outcome were established. RESULTS After a mean follow up of 44.5 months, a significant reduction in FG and HbA1c values was found in Group 1. Death was reported in 5.7% of patients in Group 1 vs 1.6% in Group 2 (P = .003), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-free survival was significantly lower in Group 2 (P = .015) as well as LRE-free survival in Group 1 cirrhotic patients (P = .0006). After adjustment for baseline variables, cirrhosis and albumin levels emerged as independent predictors of LRE; low albumin levels, DM and central obesity were associated with HCC risk in cirrhotic patients while insulin therapy emerged as unfavourable predictor among diabetics. CONCLUSIONS SVR achieved by DAAs is associated with long-term improvement of glycometabolic control in diabetic patients, but among cirrhotics DM still exerts a detrimental effect on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ciancio
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide G Ribaldone
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Dotta
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Giordanino
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Sacco
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Saracco
- Gastro-Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Caviglia GP, Armandi A, Rosso C, Ribaldone DG, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S. Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen as Surrogate Biomarker of Intrahepatic Hepatitis B Virus Covalently-Closed-Circular DNA in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020187. [PMID: 33525443 PMCID: PMC7910971 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently-closed-circular (ccc)DNA is the key molecule responsible for viral persistence within infected hepatocytes. The evaluation of HBV cccDNA is crucial for the management of patients with chronic HBV infection and for the personalization of treatment. However, the need for liver biopsy is the principal obstacle for the assessment of intrahepatic HBV cccDNA. In the last decade, several studies have investigated the performance of hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) as a surrogate of HBV cccDNA amount in the liver. In this meta-analysis, we collected 14 studies (1271 patients) investigating the correlation between serum HBcrAg and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA. Serum HBcrAg showed a high correlation with intrahepatic HBV cccDNA (r = 0.641, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.510–0.743, p < 0.001). In a head-to-head comparison, we observed that the performance of HBcrAg was significantly superior to that of hepatitis B surface antigen (r = 0.665 vs. r = 0.475, respectively, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the correlation between HBcrAg and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA was high, both in hepatitis B e antigen-positive and -negative patients (r = 0.678, 95% CI 0.403–0.840, p < 0.001, and r = 0.578, 95% CI 0.344–0.744, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the measurement of serum HBcrAg qualifies as a reliable non-invasive surrogate for the assessment of an intrahepatic HBV cccDNA reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.A.); (C.R.); (D.G.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-011-633-3532 (G.P.C.)
| | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.A.); (C.R.); (D.G.R.)
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.A.); (C.R.); (D.G.R.)
| | | | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-011-633-3532 (G.P.C.)
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Testino G, Fagoonee S, Caputo F, Pellicano R. The early identification of alcohol use disorders and liver injury: proposal for a diagnostic algorithm. Panminerva Med 2021; 63:361-367. [PMID: 33494566 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Centre, ASL3 c/o Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy - .,Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA), Bologna, Italy -
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Italian Society on Alcohol (SIA), Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, Cento Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Saccu G, Menchise V, Giordano C, Delli Castelli D, Dastrù W, Pellicano R, Tolosano E, Van Pham P, Altruda F, Fagoonee S. Regenerative Approaches and Future Trends for the Treatment of Corneal Burn Injuries. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020317. [PMID: 33467167 PMCID: PMC7830803 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular chemical and thermal burns are frequent causes of hospitalization and require immediate interventions and care. Various surgical and pharmacological treatment strategies are employed according to damage severity. Controlling inflammation and neovascularization while promoting normal ocular surface anatomy and function restoration is the principal aim. In the most severe cases, when epithelial healing is severely affected, reconstruction of the ocular surface may be a valid option, which, however, requires expertise, adequate instruments, and qualified donors. Numerous endogenous and exogenous strategies have been considered for corneal repair. Among these, stem cells and their derivatives have offered numerous attractive possibilities in finding an effective way in stimulating corneal regeneration. Limbal epithelial stem cells and mesenchymal cells from the ocular tissue as well as from various sources have demonstrated their effectiveness in dampening neovascularization, scarring, and inflammation, while promoting epithelialization of the injured cornea. Moreover, a plethora of cytokines and growth factors, and extracellular vesicles, which constitute the secretome of these cells, work in concert to enhance wound healing. In this review, we provide an update on the recent potential therapeutic avenues and clinical applications of stem cells and their products in corneal regeneration after burn injury, as well as current imaging strategies for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and damage resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Saccu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (D.D.C.); (W.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Valeria Menchise
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (F.A.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-0116706423 (S.F.)
| | - Cristina Giordano
- Ophthalmology Veterinary Practice, c.so Galileo Ferraris 121, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daniela Delli Castelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (D.D.C.); (W.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Walter Dastrù
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (D.D.C.); (W.D.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (D.D.C.); (W.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Phuc Van Pham
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, and Stem Cell Institute, VNUHCM University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 08000, Vietnam;
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.S.); (D.D.C.); (W.D.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (F.A.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-0116706423 (S.F.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (F.A.); (S.F.); Tel.: +39-0116706423 (S.F.)
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Yaccob A, Kridin K, Mari A, Fagoonee S. Cutaneous involvement of hepatitis C virus. Which future after new antiviral drugs? GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2020; 155:599-601. [PMID: 33295739 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.20.06713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afif Yaccob
- Department of Hepatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amir Mari
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, EMMS Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel - .,Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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48
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Spagnuolo R, Abenavoli L, Larussa T, Iannelli C, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Doldo P, Luzza F. Safety profile of intravenous iron in inflammatory bowel disease: an up-to-date overview. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2020; 68:111-118. [PMID: 33267572 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Up to 30-70% of patients may experience mild and moderate side effects during iron therapy and this is often associated with a poor adherence to therapy. Anemia is frequent in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), due to both iron deficiency and chronic inflammation, therefore iron supplementation is frequently needed. Considering that gastrointestinal disorders are the most common side effects with oral iron, in IBD patients intravenous administration must be preferred. Although intravenous iron supplementation remains the most effective therapy of IBD-associated iron deficiency anemia, the perception of risk related to intravenous administration by clinicians could limit this successful strategy. In this narrative review we provided an up to date on the safety of the different iron formulations for intravenous administration, by reporting the most recent studies in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Iannelli
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Spagnuolo R, Abenavoli L, Larussa T, Iannelli C, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Doldo P, Luzza F. Safety profile of intravenous iron in inflammatory bowel disease: an up-to-date overview. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020. [PMID: 33267572 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Up to 30-70% of patients may experience mild and moderate side effects during iron therapy and this is often associated with a poor adherence to therapy. Anemia is frequent in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), due to both iron deficiency and chronic inflammation, therefore iron supplementation is frequently needed. Considering that gastrointestinal disorders are the most common side effects with oral iron, in IBD patients intravenous administration must be preferred. Although intravenous iron supplementation remains the most effective therapy of IBD-associated iron deficiency anemia, the perception of risk related to intravenous administration by clinicians could limit this successful strategy. In this narrative review we provide an up-to-date on the safety of the different iron formulations for intravenous administration, by reporting the most recent studies in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Iannelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doldo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Vu NB, Nguyen HT, Palumbo R, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Pham PV. Stem cell-derived exosomes for wound healing: current status and promising directions. Minerva Med 2020; 112:384-400. [PMID: 33263376 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing, especially of chronic wounds, is still an unmet therapeutic area since assessment and management are extremely complicated. Although many efforts have been made to treat wounds, all strategies have achieved limited results for chronic wounds. Stem cell-based therapy is considered a promising approach for complex wounds such as those occurring in diabetics. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly improves wound closure, angiogenesis and wound healing. However, cell therapy is complex, expensive and time-consuming. Recent studies have shown that stem cell-derived exosomes can be an exciting approach to treat wounds. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can induce benefit in almost all stages of wound healing, including control of immune responses, inhibition of inflammation, promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, while reducing scar formation during the wound healing process. This review aimed at offering an updated overview of the use of exosomes in biological applications, such as wound healing, and addresses not only current applications but also new directions for this next-generation approach in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc B Vu
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Rosanna Palumbo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Phuc V Pham
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam - .,Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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