1
|
Nagesh CR, Prashat G R, Goswami S, Bharadwaj C, Praveen S, Ramesh SV, Vinutha T. Sulfate transport and metabolism: strategies to improve the seed protein quality. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:242. [PMID: 38300326 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), namely methionine, and cysteine are crucial essential amino acids (EAA) considering the dietary requirements of humans and animals. However, a few crop plants, especially legumes, are characterized with suboptimal levels of these EAA thereby limiting their nutritive value. Hence, improved comprehension of the mechanistic perspective of sulfur transport and assimilation into storage reserve, seed storage protein (SSP), is imperative. Efforts to augment the level of SAA in seed storage protein form an integral component of strategies to balance nutritive quality and quantity. In this review, we highlight the emerging trends in the sulfur biofortification approaches namely transgenics, genetic and molecular breeding, and proteomic rebalancing with sulfur nutrition. The transgenic 'push and pull strategy' could enhance sulfur capture and storage by expressing genes that function as efficient transporters, sulfate assimilatory enzymes, sulfur-rich foreign protein sinks, or by suppressing catabolic enzymes. Modern molecular breeding approaches that adopt high throughput screening strategies and machine learning algorithms are invaluable in identifying candidate genes and alleles associated with SAA content and developing improved crop varieties. Sulfur is an essential plant nutrient and its optimal uptake is crucial for seed sulfur metabolism, thereby affecting seed quality and yields through proteomic rebalance between sulfur-rich and sulfur-poor seed storage proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Nagesh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rama Prashat G
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - C Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S V Ramesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, 671 124, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali A, Singh T, Kumar RR, T V, Kundu A, Singh SP, Meena MC, Satyavathi CT, Praveen S, Goswami S. Effect of thermal treatments on the matrix components, inherent glycemic potential, and bioaccessibility of phenolics and micronutrients in pearl millet rotis. Food Funct 2023; 14:1595-1607. [PMID: 36683429 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (PM) is a nutri-cereal rich in various macro and micronutrients required for a balanced diet. Its grains have a unique phenolic and micronutrient composition; however, the lower bioaccessibility of nutrients and rancidity of flour during storage are the major constraints in its consumption and wide popularity. Here, to explore the effect of different thermal processing methods, i.e., hydrothermal (HT), microwave (MW), and infrared (IR) treatments, on the digestion of starch, phenolics, and microelements (Fe and Zn), an in vitro digestion model consisting of oral, gastric and intestinal digestion was applied to PM rotis. The hydrothermally treated PM roti was promising as it showed lower inherent glycemic potential (60.4%) than the untreated sample (72.4%) and less enzymatic activities associated with rancidity in PM flour. FTIR revealed an increased ratio of 1047/1022 cm-1 in the hydrothermally treated sample, reflecting the enhancement of the structurally ordered degree and compactness of starch compared to other thermal treatments. A tighter and more compact microstructure with an agglomeration of starch in the hydrothermally treated PM flour was observed by SEM. These structural changes could provide a better understanding of the lower starch digestion rate in the hydrothermally treated flour. However, HT treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the bioaccessibility of phenolics (10.6%) compared to native PM rotis and slightly reduced the Fe (2%) and Zn (3.2%) bioaccessibility present in PM rotis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansheef Ali
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vinutha T
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Chand Meena
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - C Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, Pin 342304, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krishnan V, Verma P, Saha S, Singh B, Vinutha T, Kumar R, Kulshreshta A, Singh S, Sathyavathi T, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Polyphenol-enriched extract from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) inhibits key enzymes involved in post prandial hyper glycemia (α-amylase, α-glucosidase) and regulates hepatic glucose uptake. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
4
|
Mondal D, Awana M, Aggarwal S, Das D, Thomas B, Singh S, Satyavathi C T, Sundaram RM, Anand A, Singh A, Sachdev A, Praveen S, Krishnan V. Microstructure, matrix interactions, and molecular structure are the key determinants of inherent glycemic potential in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
Sharma G, Hugar BS, Praveen S, P Yajaman GC, Kanchan T. Pattern of sudden cardiac deaths. Med Leg J 2022:258172211059928. [PMID: 35296186 DOI: 10.1177/00258172211059928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Sudden cardiac death can be defined as a sudden, unexpected death caused by loss of heart function. Notwithstanding major developments in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, it remains the major contributing factor for deaths. This considers the pattern of sudden cardiac deaths.Methodology: This prospective study was conducted on all cases subjected to medico-legal autopsy in the forensic medicine department at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 18 months. All sudden cardiac deaths satisfying the WHO criteria were included. Unknown cases and bodies in advanced stage of decomposition were excluded. RESULTS Sudden cardiac deaths accounted for 55% (82 cases) of 149 cases of sudden natural deaths and 6.5% of total autopsies conducted. The age group most commonly affected by sudden cardiac death ranged from 31 to 50 years. The majority of the cadavers had 90-95% degree of stenosis of left anterior descending artery, 70-80% of right coronary artery and 60-70% left circumflex artery. Coronary insufficiency was the major cause for sudden cardiac deaths with a total of 53 (64.63%) cases. CONCLUSION Sudden cardiac deaths accounted for 6.5% of all the autopsies conducted and males outnumbered females with M:F ratio of 10.7:1, with mean age of 44.5 ± 12.63 years. The largest number - 60.97% - were aged between 31 and 50 years. Coronary insufficiency accounted for 64.63% of sudden cardiac deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India
| | - Basappa S Hugar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - S Praveen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Girish Chandra P Yajaman
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tomar M, Bhardwaj R, Verma R, Singh SP, Dahuja A, Krishnan V, Kansal R, Yadav VK, Praveen S, Sachdev A. Interactome of millet-based food matrices: A review. Food Chem 2022; 385:132636. [PMID: 35339804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Millets are recently being recognized as emerging food ingredients with multifaceted applications. Whole grain flours made from millets, exhibit diverse chemical compositions, starch digestibility and physicochemical properties. A food matrix can be viewed as a section of food microstructure, commonly coinciding with a physical spatial domain that interacts or imparts specific functionalities to a particular food constituent. The complex millet-based food matrices can help individuals to attain nutritional benefits due to the intricate and unique digestive properties of these foods. This review helps to fundamentally understand the binary and ternary interactions of millet-based foods. Nutritional bioavailability and bioaccessibility are also discussed based on additive, synergistic, masking, the antagonistic or neutralizing effect of different food matrix components on each other and the surrounding medium. The molecular basis of these interactions and their effect on important functional attributes like starch retrogradation, gelling, pasting, water, and oil holding capacity is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maharishi Tomar
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India; Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Reetu Verma
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR -Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Sumer Pal Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 284003, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Yadav
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vinutha T, Kumar D, Bansal N, Krishnan V, Goswami S, Kumar RR, Kundu A, Poondia V, Rudra SG, Muthusamy V, Rama Prashat G, Venkatesh P, Kumari S, Jaiswal P, Singh A, Sachdev A, Singh SP, Satyavathi T, Ramesh SV, Praveen S. Thermal treatments reduce rancidity and modulate structural and digestive properties of starch in pearl millet flour. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:207-216. [PMID: 34890636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a nutrient dense and gluten free cereal, however it's flour remains underutilized due to the onset of rancidity during its storage. To the best of our knowledge, processing methods, which could significantly reduce the rancidity of the pearl millet flour during storage, are non-existent. In this study, pearl millet grains were subjected to a preliminary hydro-treatment (HT). Subsequently, the hydrated grain-wet flour have undergone individual and combined thermal treatments viz., hydrothermal (HTh) and thermal near infrared rays (thNIR). Effects of these thermal treatments on the biochemical process of hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity were analyzed in stored flour. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the enzyme activities of lipase (47.8%), lipoxygenase (84.8%), peroxidase (98.1%) and polyphenol oxidase (100%) in HT-HTh-thNIR treated flour compared to the individual treatments was documented. Upon storage (90 days), decline of 67.84% and 66.4% of free fatty acid and peroxide contents were observed in flour under HT-HTh-thNIR treatment without altering starch and protein digestibility properties. HT-HTh treated flour exhibited the highest (7.6%) rapidly digestible starch, decreased viscosity and increased starch digestibility (67.17%). FTIR analysis of HT-HTh treated flour divulged destabilization of short-range ordered crystalline structure and altered protein structures with decreased in vitro digestibility of protein. Overall, these results demonstrated the effectiveness of combined thermal treatment of HT-HTh-thNIR in reducing rancidity and preserving the functional properties of the stored flour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Navita Bansal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijaykumar Poondia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Shalini Gaur Rudra
- Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - G Rama Prashat
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P Venkatesh
- Division of Agricultural Economics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pranita Jaiswal
- CCUBGA, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sumer P Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342304, India
| | - S V Ramesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala 671 124, India.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prabakarakrishnan R, Praveen S, Natarajan A, Kandasamy S, Geetha K, Elfasakhany A, Pugazhendhi A. Computational and experimental studies of Metallo organic framework on human epidermal cell line and anticancer potential. Environ Res 2021; 201:111520. [PMID: 34153332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pentadentate ligand and the precursors were combined to form complexes by green approach. The ligand formation was confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and LC-MS. The optimised stable structure was obtained by molecular simulation studies and the complexes were interpreted by conductivity measurements, UV-Vis, FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility, VSM, and ESR spectral studies. The redox nature of the complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram shows complexes exhibited single electron transfer from Cu+2/Cu+1. Complexes and penta-dentate ligand were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay method on A431 skin cancer cell line. The ligand structural stability and biological activity were confirmed by theoretical computational studies. The magnetic behaviour showed antiferromagnetic properties at low temperature. The complexes were used as high bar magnets. Similarly, the redox behaviour showed that the complexes could be used in electroplating techniques and sensors. Clinical application revealed that the complexes had effective cytotoxicity. From the data obtained, the complexes were in the form [MLR], where L was the penta-dentate ligand and R = [C6H5COO] & R = [C6H4COO (OH)].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Prabakarakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram, 631 561, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Praveen
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College, Otteri, Vellore, 632 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Lakshmi Bangaru Arts and Science College, Melmaruvathur, 603 319, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - K Geetha
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College, Otteri, Vellore, 632 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Panagatla P, Ravula P, Praveen S, Varagani NR, Srikanth R, Appaka JK. Anterolateral Thigh Skin and Fascia in Facial Skin Defects with Trismus: Two Problems, One Solution. Indian J Plast Surg 2021; 54:192-196. [PMID: 34239243 PMCID: PMC8257313 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A case series of five patients with skin loss in the lateral face with trismus that followed delayed presentation following trauma, necrotizing infection, and radiation fibrosis was treated with coronoidectomy and condylar excision to effect adequate mouth opening; the anterolateral thigh flap was used for cover and the fascia was used as an interposition graft to prevent recurrence. Two patients with more than 9 years of follow-up had an average of 40 mm interincisal opening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Panagatla
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Parvathi Ravula
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Praveen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - R Srikanth
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jagadish Kiran Appaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar RR, Bhargava DV, Pandit K, Goswami S, Mukesh Shankar S, Singh SP, Rai GK, Tara Satyavathi C, Praveen S. Lipase - The fascinating dynamics of enzyme in seed storage and germination - A real challenge to pearl millet. Food Chem 2021; 361:130031. [PMID: 34058661 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pearl millet is considered as 'nutri-cereal' because of high nutrient density of the seeds. The grain has limited use because of low keeping quality of the flour due to the activities of rancidity causing enzymes like lipase, lox, pox and PPO. Among all the enzymes, lipase is most notorious because of its robust nature and high activity under different conditions. we have identified 2180 putative transcripts showing homology with different variants of lipase precursor through transcriptome data mining (NCBI BioProject acc. no. PRJNA625418). Lipase plays dual role of facilitating the germination of seeds and deteriorating the quality of the pearl millet flour through hydrolytic rancidity. Different physiochemical methods like heat treatment, micro oven, hydrothermal, etc. have been developed to inhibit lipase activity in pearl millet flour. There is further need to develop improved processing technologies to inhibit the hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity in the floor with enhanced shelf-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India.
| | - D V Bhargava
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India
| | - Kangkan Pandit
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India
| | - S Mukesh Shankar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India
| | - Sumer P Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Pin 180009, India
| | - C Tara Satyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Pin 342304, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Pin 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krishnan V, Awana M, Singh A, Goswami S, Vinutha T, Kumar RR, Singh SP, Sathyavathi T, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Starch molecular configuration and starch-sugar homeostasis: Key determinants of sweet sensory perception and starch hydrolysis in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1087-1095. [PMID: 33965496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch-sugar homeostasis and starch molecular configuration regulates the dynamics of starch digestibility which result in sweet sensory perception and eliciting glycemic response, which has been measured in vitro as inherent glycemic potential (IGP). The objective of the research was to understand the key determinants of IGP as well as sweetness in different Pearl millet (PM) genotypes. To understand the intricate balance between starch and sugar, total starch content (TSC) and total soluble sugars (TSS) were evaluated. Higher concentrations of TSC (67.8%), TSS (2.75%), glucose (0.78%) and sucrose (1.68%) were found in Jafarabadi Bajra. Considering the role of compact molecular configuration of starch towards digestibility, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed. A-type crystallinity with crystallinity degree (CD %) ranged from 53.53-62.63% among different genotypes, where the least CD% (53.53%) was found in Jafarabadi Bajra. In vitro starch hydrolyzation kinetics carried out to determine IGP, revealed a maximum of 77.05% IGP with minimum 1.42% resistant starch (RS) in Jafarabadi Bajra. Overall our results suggest higher sweet sensory perception of Jafarabadi Bajra which is contributed by the matrix composition with least molecular compactness of starch. Also, the interdependence among starch quality parameters; CD%, IGP, RS and amylose has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Awana
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - S P Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Tara Sathyavathi
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet (AICRP-PM), ICAR, Jodhpur, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krishnan V, Mondal D, Thomas B, Singh A, Praveen S. Starch-lipid interaction alters the molecular structure and ultimate starch bioavailability: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:626-638. [PMID: 33838192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Starch bioavailability which results in eliciting postprandial glycaemic response, is a trait of great significance and is majorly influenced by the physical interaction among the matrix components governed by their molecular structure as well as dynamics. Among physical interactions limiting starch bioavailability, starch and any guest molecules like lipid interact together to alter the molecular structure into a compact V-type arrangement endorsing the processed crystallinity, thus limiting carbolytic enzymatic digestion and further bioavailability. Considering the importance of starch-lipid dynamics affecting bioavailability, intensive research based on endogenous (internal lipids which are embedded into the food matrix) as well as exogenous (those are added from outside into the food matrix during processing like cooking) lipids have been carried out, endorsing physical interactions at colloidal and microstructural levels. The shared insights on such binary (starch-lipid) interactions revealed the evolution of characterization techniques as well as their role on altering the functional and nutritional value. It is very much vital to have a thorough understanding about the mechanisms on the molecular level to make use of these matrix interactions in the most efficient way, while certain basic questions are still remaining unaddressed. Do starch - lipid complexation affects the ultimate starch bioavailability? If so, then whether such complexation ability depends on amylose - fatty acid/lipid content? Whether the complexation is influenced further by fatty acid type/concentration/chain length or saturation? Further comprehending this, whether the altered bioavailability by binary (starch-lipid) could further be affected by ternary (starch-lipid-protein) and quaternary (starch-lipid-protein-phenolics) interactions are also discussed in this comprehensive review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Debarati Mondal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Newman College, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dahuja A, Kumar RR, Sakhare A, Watts A, Singh B, Goswami S, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in maintaining plant homeostasis under abiotic and biotic stresses. Physiol Plant 2021; 171:785-801. [PMID: 33280130 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to a large protein family predominantly present in diverse species. ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as importers. These proteins are localized in the membranes of chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes and vacuoles. ABC proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, such as growth, development, uptake of nutrients, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, tolerance to metal toxicity, stomatal closure, shape and size of grains, protection of pollens, transport of phytohormones, etc. In mitochondria and chloroplast, the iron metabolism and its transport across the membrane are mediated by ABC transporters. Tonoplast-localized ABC transporters are involved in internal detoxification of metal ion; thus protecting against the DNA impairment and maintaining cell growth. ABC transporters are involved in the transport of secondary metabolites inside the cells. Microorganisms also engage a large number of ABC transporters to import and expel substrates decisive for their pathogenesis. ABC transporters also suppress the seed embryonic growth until favorable conditions come. This review aims at giving insights on ABC transporters, their evolution, structure, functions and roles in different biological processes for helping the terrestrial plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. These specialized plant membrane transporters ensure a sustainable economic yield and high-quality products, especially under unfavorable conditions of growth. These transporters can be suitably manipulated to develop 'Plants for the Future'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Akshay Sakhare
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Watts
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar RR, Dubey K, Arora K, Dalal M, Rai GK, Mishra D, Chaturvedi KK, Rai A, Kumar SN, Singh B, Chinnusamy V, Praveen S. Characterizing the putative mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) and their protective role in oxidative stress tolerance and carbon assimilation in wheat under terminal heat stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00597. [PMID: 33659194 PMCID: PMC7890154 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We identified and cloned heat-responsive MAPK and MAPK-1 from wheat under HS. Isolated recombinant MAPK protein of ∼40.3 kDa with high kinase activity under HS. Native wheat MAPK showed maximum activity in thermotolerant cv. under HS. MAPK showed positive correlation with tolerance, carbon flux and amylolytic linked traits. MAPK was observed to stabilize the starch quality of the grains under HS.
Wheat, being sensitive to terminal heat, causes drastic reduction in grain quality and yield. MAPK cascade regulates the network of defense mechanism operated inside plant system. Here, we have identified 21 novel MAPKs through gel-based proteomics and RNA-seq data analysis. Based on digital gene expression, two transcripts (transcript_2834 and transcript_8242) showing homology with MAPK were cloned and characterized from wheat (acc. nos. MK854806 and KT835664). Transcript_2834 was cloned in pET28a vector and recombinant MAPK protein of ∼40.3 kDa was isolated and characterized to have very high in-vitro kinase activity under HS. Native MAPK showed positive correlation with the expression of TFs, HSPs, genes linked with antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPX), photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis pathways in wheat under HS. Wheat cv. HD3086 (thermotolerant) having higher expression and activity of MAPK under HS showed significant increase in accumulation of proline, H2O2, starch, and granule integrity, compared with BT-Schomburgk (thermosusceptible).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kirti Arora
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monika Dalal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Dwijesh Mishra
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Krishna K Chaturvedi
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Soora Naresh Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Krishnan V, Awana M, Raja Rani AP, Bansal N, Bollinedi H, Srivastava S, Sharma SK, Singh AK, Singh A, Praveen S. Quality matrix reveals the potential of Chak-hao as a nutritional supplement: a comparative study of matrix components, antioxidants and physicochemical attributes. Food Measure 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Gokulan R, Kumar AV, Rajeshkumar V, Praveen S. Remazol Effluent Treatment in Batch and Packed Bed Column Using Biochar Derived from Marine Seaweeds. NEPT 2020. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2020.v19i05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Krishnan V, Mondal D, Bollinedi H, Srivastava S, SV R, Madhavan L, Thomas B, R AT, Singh A, Singh A, Praveen S. Cooking fat types alter the inherent glycaemic response of niche rice varieties through resistant starch (RS) formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1668-1681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Kumar RR, Dubey K, Goswami S, Hasija S, Pandey R, Singh PK, Singh B, Sareen S, Rai GK, Singh GP, Singh AK, Chinnusamy V, Praveen S. Heterologous expression and characterization of novel manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) – A potential biochemical marker for heat stress-tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1029-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
19
|
Vinutha T, Vanchinathan S, Bansal N, Kumar G, Permar V, Watts A, Ramesh SV, Praveen S. Tomato auxin biosynthesis/signaling is reprogrammed by the geminivirus to enhance its pathogenicity. Planta 2020; 252:51. [PMID: 32940767 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-derived AC4 protein interacts with host proteins involved in auxin biosynthesis and reprograms auxin biosynthesis/signaling to help in viral replication and manifestation of the disease-associated symptoms. Perturbations of phytohormone-mediated gene regulatory network cause growth and developmental defects. Furthermore, plant viral infections cause characteristic disease symptoms similar to hormone-deficient mutants. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV)-encoded AC4 is a small protein that attenuates the host transcriptional gene silencing, and aggravated disease severity in tomato is correlated with transcript abundance of AC4. Hence, investigating the role of AC4 in pathogenesis divulged that ToLCNDV-AC4 interacted with host TAR1 (tryptophan amino transferase 1)-like protein, CYP450 monooxygenase-the key enzyme of indole acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis pathway-and with a protein encoded by senescence-associated gene involved in jasmonic acid pathway. Also, ToLCNDV infection resulted in the upregulation of host miRNAs, viz., miR164, miR167, miR393 and miR319 involved in auxin signaling and leaf morphogenesis concomitant with the decline in endogenous IAA levels. Ectopic overexpression of ToLCNDV-derived AC4 in tomato recapitulated the transcriptomic and disruption of auxin biosynthesis/signaling features of the infected leaves. Furthermore, exogenous foliar application of IAA caused remission of the characteristic disease-related symptoms in tomato. The roles of ToLCNDV-AC4 in reprogramming auxin biosynthesis, signaling and cross-talk with JA pathway to help viral replication and manifest the disease-associated symptoms during ToLCNDV infection are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S Vanchinathan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Navita Bansal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Orissa, 753006, India
| | - Vipin Permar
- Division of Plant Pathology-Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Archana Watts
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S V Ramesh
- ICAR-Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and PHT, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671124, India.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar RR, Arora K, Goswami S, Sakhare A, Singh B, Chinnusamy V, Praveen S. MAPK Enzymes: a ROS Activated Signaling Sensors Involved in Modulating Heat Stress Response, Tolerance and Grain Stability of Wheat under Heat Stress. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:380. [PMID: 32802722 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is highly conserved across the species triggering the self-adjustment of the cells by transmitting the external signals to the nucleus. The cascade consists of MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPKs. These kinases are functionally interrelated through activation by sequential phosphorylation. MAPK cascade is involved in modulating the tolerance and regulating the growth and developmental processes in plants through transcriptional programming. The cascade has been well characterized in Arabidopsis, Tobacco and rice, but limited information is available in wheat due to complexity of genome. MAPK-based sensors have been reported to be highly specific for the external or intracellular stimuli activating specific TF, stress-associated genes (SAGs) and stress-associated proteins (SAPs) linked with heat-stress tolerance and other biological functions especially size, number and quality of grains. Even, MAPKs have been reported to influence the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily involved in stabilizing the quality of the grains under adverse conditions. Wheat has also diverse network of MAPKs involved in transcriptional reprogramming upon sensing the terminal HS and in turn protect the plants. Current review mainly focuses on the role of MAPKs as signaling sensor and modulator of defense mechanism for mitigating the effect of heat on plants with focus on wheat. It also indirectly protects the nutrient depletion from the grains under heat stress. MAPKs, lying at pivotal positions, can be utilized for manipulating the heat-stress response (HSR) of wheat to develop plant for future (P4F).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Kirti Arora
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Akshay Sakhare
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Awana M, Jain N, Samota MK, Rani K, Kumar A, Ray M, Gaikwad K, Praveen S, Singh NK, Singh A. Protein and gene integration analysis through proteome and transcriptome brings new insight into salt stress tolerance in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3589-3602. [PMID: 32882275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major constrain to the productivity of nutritionally rich pigeonpea, an important legume of SE Asia and other parts of the world. The present study provides a comprehensive insight on integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of root and shoot tissues of contrasting pigeonpea varieties (ICP1071- salt-sensitive; ICP7- salt-tolerant) to unravel salt stress induced pathways. Proteome analysis revealed 82 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with ≥±1.5 fold expression on 2-Dimensional (2D) gel. Of these, 25 DEPs identified through MALDI-TOF/TOF were classified using Uniprot software into functional categories. Pathways analyses using KAAS server showed the highest abundance of functional genes regulating metabolisms of carbohydrate followed by protein folding/degradation, amino acids and lipids. Expression studies on six genes (triosephosphate isomerase, oxygen evolving enhancer protein 1, phosphoribulokinase, cysteine synthase, oxygen evolving enhancer protein 2 and early nodulin like protein 2) with ≥±3 fold change were performed, and five of these showed consistency in transcript and protein expressions. Transcript analysis of root and shoot led to positive identification of 25 differentially expressed salt-responsive genes, with seven genes having ≥±5 fold change have diverse biological functions. Our combinatorial analysis suggests important role of these genes/proteins in providing salt tolerance in pigeonpea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Awana
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Neha Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; Horticulture Crop Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Abohar, Punjab 152116, India
| | - Kirti Rani
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Arbind Kumar
- Psichem Biotech Private Limited, Uttar Pradesh 201005, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ray
- Division of Forecasting and Agricultural Systems Modelling, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goswami S, Asrani P, Ansheef Ali TP, Kumar RD, Vinutha T, Veda K, Kumari S, Sachdev A, Singh SP, Satyavathi CT, Kumar RR, Praveen S. Rancidity Matrix: Development of Biochemical Indicators for Analysing the Keeping Quality of Pearl Millet Flour. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Krishnan V, Awana M, Samota MK, Warwate SI, Kulshreshtha A, Ray M, Bollinedi H, Singh AK, Thandapilly SJ, Praveen S, Singh A. Pullulanase activity: A novel indicator of inherent resistant starch in rice (Oryza sativa. L). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:1213-1223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
24
|
Kumari K, Rai MP, Bansal N, Prashat GR, Kumari S, Srivathsa R, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Praveen S, Vinutha T. Study of subcellular localization of Glycine max γ-tocopherol methyl transferase isoforms in N. benthamiana. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:110. [PMID: 32099748 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT) converts γ-toc to α-toc-the rate limiting step in toc biosynthesis. Sequencing results revealed that the coding regions of γ-TMT1 and γ-TMT3 were strongly similar to each other (93% at amino acid level). Based on the differences in the N-terminal amino acids, Glycine max-γ-TMT proteins are categorized into three isoforms: γ-TMT1, 2 and 3. In silico structural analysis revealed the presence of chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) in γ-TMT1 and γ-TMT3 protein. However, other properties of transit peptide like presence of hydrophobic amino acids at the first three positions of N-terminal end and lower level of acidic amino acids were revealed only in γ-TMT3 protein. Subcellular localization of GFP fused γ-TMT1 and γ-TMT3 under 35S promoter was studied in Nicotiana benthamiana using confocal microscopy. Results showed that γ-TMT1 was found in the cytosol and γ-TMT3 was found to be localized both in cytosol and chloroplast. Further the presence γ-TMT3 in chloroplast was validated by quantifying α-tocopherol through UPLC. Thus the present study of cytosolic localization of the both γ-TMT1 and γ-TMT3 proteins and chloroplastic localization of γ-TMT3 will help to reveal the importance of γ-TMT encoded α-toc in protecting both chloroplastic and cell membrane from plant oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
25
|
Praveen S, Hewish M, Sharma S, Fawzi A, Saikia S. “Time-to-diagnosis” between lung 2-week rule (TWR) versus non-TWR referrals. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
26
|
Kumari K, Rai MP, Bansal N, Rama Prashat G, Kumari S, Krishnan V, Srivathsa R, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Praveen S, Vinutha T. Analysis of γ-Tocopherol methyl transferase3 promoter activity and study of methylation patterns of the promoter and its gene body. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 144:375-385. [PMID: 31622940 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are known for its good source of protein (40%), oil (20%) and also serve as a source of nutraceutical compounds including tocopherols (toc). To know the molecular basis of differential α-toc accumulation in two contrasting soybean genotypes: DS74 (low α-toc - 1.36 μg/g and total-toc -29.72 μg/g) and Bragg (high α-toc - 10.48 μg/g and total-toc 178.91 μg/g), the analysis of γ-TMT3 promoter activity and its methylation patterns were carried out. The sequencing results revealed nucleotide variation between Bragg:γ-TMT3-P and DS74:γ-TMT3-P, however none of the variations were found in core-promoter region or in cis-elements. The histochemical GUS assay revealed higher promoter activity of Bragg:γ-TMT3-P than that of DS74:γ-TMT3-P and correlated with significantly higher and lower (P < 0.05) expression of γ-TMT3 gene respectively. To know the molecular basis of differential accumulation of α-toc in these contrasting soybean genotypes, the DNA methylation pattern of γ-TMT3 gene body and its promoter was studied in both varieties. The results showed higher percentage (62.5%) of methylation in DS74:γ-TMT3-P than in Bragg:γ-TMT3-P (50%). Out of all the methylation sites in the promoter region, one of methylation site was found at CAAT box (-190 bp) of DS74:γ-TMT3-P. Further gene body methylation patterns revealed lowest % (40%) of CG methylation in DS74:γ-TMT3 gene as compared to Bragg:γ-TMT3 (64.2%). Thus our study revealed that, expression of γ-TMT3 gene was influenced by its promoter activity and methylation patterns in cis-elements of γ-TMT3 promoter and gene body. This study will help us to understand the possible role of methylation and promoter activity in determining the α-toc content in soybean seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India; Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | | | - Navita Bansal
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India; Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | | | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rohini Srivathsa
- National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rao SS, Hande VR, Sawant SM, Praveen S, Rath SK, Sudarshan K, Ratna D, Patri M. α-ZrP Nanoreinforcement Overcomes the Trade-Off between Phosphoric Acid Dopability and Thermomechanical Properties: Nanocomposite HTPEM with Stable Fuel Cell Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:37013-37025. [PMID: 31513381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HTPEMs) have emerged as viable alternatives to the Nafion-based low-temperature-operated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This is owing to their higher tolerance to fuel impurities, efficient water management, and higher cathode kinetics. However, the most efficacious HTPEMs such as poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) or 2,5-poly(benzimidazole) (ABPBI), which rely on the extent of phosphoric acid (PA) doping level for fuel cell performance, suffer from poor mechanical properties at higher acid doping levels and dopant leaching during continuous operation. To overcome these issues, we report the synthesis of ABPBI membranes and fabrication of ABPBI-zirconium pyrophosphate (α-ZrP)-based nanocomposite membranes by an ex situ methodology using methane sulfonic acid as the solvent. The incorporation of hydrophilic α-ZrP into the membrane resulted in higher dopability of PA (6.5 mol) and proton conductivity (46 mS/cm) of the membranes (10 wt % of α-ZrP) as against the corresponding values of 3.6 mol and 27 mS/cm, respectively, for the pristine membrane. More remarkably, these property improvements could be achieved while simultaneously augmenting the thermomechanical properties and oxidative stability of the membranes. The unit-cell tests showed a marked improvement in the maximum power density for the nanocomposite membrane (335 mW/cm2 at 10 wt % α-ZrP content) over the pristine ABPBI membrane (200 mW/cm2). We also report for the first time the feasibility of a 100 W HTPEM fuel cell (HTPEMFC) stack operated with the nanocomposite membrane with an active area of 39 cm2. The HTPEMFC stack delivered a stable voltage and power output, with a voltage drop rate of 0.84 μV/h over a run time of 730 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati S Rao
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Varsha R Hande
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Shilpa M Sawant
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| | - S Praveen
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Sangram K Rath
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Kathi Sudarshan
- Radiochemistry Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Debdatta Ratna
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Manoranjan Patri
- Polymer Division , Naval Materials Research Laboratory , Shil-Badlapur Road, Additional Ambernath , Thane 421506 , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ramesh SV, Shivakumar M, Praveen S, Chouhan BS, Chand S. Expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting AC2 gene of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) reduces the viral titre in soybean. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:334. [PMID: 31475086 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) belonging to the family Geminiviridae and the genus Begomovirus is a severe pathogen of tropical legumes including soybean. The absence of genetically mapped loci conferring resistance together with the genetic diversity of begomoviruses infecting soybean warrants the utilization of RNA interference (RNAi) technology to develop virus resistance. However, viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) reduce the effectiveness of RNA silencing. Here, we report the effectiveness of Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of shRNA, targeting a conserved region of AC2 ORF (a VSR) of MYMIV, in conferring virus resistance in soybean. Transient expression of shRNA showed progressive reduction of the viral titre estimated by the MYMIV-derived AC2 gene copy numbers from the initial inoculum by approximately 80-fold 20 days post-application. In addition, the newly emerging leaves exhibited symptom recovery. Thus, this study proves that AC2 of MYMIV is a potent target gene for obtaining RNAi-mediated virus resistance in soybean. Agro-infiltration-based delivery of shRNA was an efficient means of gene silencing and could pave way for the development of transgenic virus-resistant soybean genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugiah V Ramesh
- 1ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research (ICAR-IISR), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001 India
- 4ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala 671 124 India
| | - Maranna Shivakumar
- 1ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research (ICAR-IISR), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001 India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- 2ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Bhagat S Chouhan
- 3School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (DAVV), Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| | - Suresh Chand
- 3School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (DAVV), Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001 India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh A, Permar V, Basavaraj, Tomar BS, Praveen S. Effect of Temperature on Symptoms Expression and Viral RNA Accumulation in Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Infected Vigna unguiculata. Iran J Biotechnol 2019; 16:e1846. [PMID: 31457025 PMCID: PMC6697823 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) (Tospovirus genus, Bunyaviridae family) infects the major crops of solanaceae, leguminosae and cucurbitaceae in India. Temperature is an important factor which influences the plant growth and development under diseased conditions. Objective In the present study, we evaluated the effect of four different temperatures on the symptoms expression and viral RNA accumulation in the GBNV inoculated cowpea plants. Material and Methods For the evaluation of viral symptoms and RNA accumulation, we used 2–3 leaf stage cowpea plants grown in the controlled conditions. GBNV was mechanically inoculated by sap method to the cowpea plants and inoculated plants were incubated at four different temperatures (30, 25, 20 and 15 °C). Results The first visible symptom of GBNV infection at the inoculated site was observed in the form of chlorotic spots which were converted into the necrotic spots as the infections succeeded. Some yellow mosaic symptoms were also observed at the systemic site during viral infection cycle. Plants incubated at higher (30 and 25 °C) temperatures showed a severe necrosis and a higher viral RNA accumulation at the inoculated site and facilitated the viral spread at the systemic site. However, viral RNA accumulation was less at the systemic site than the inoculated site. In contrast, symptoms’ expression and viral RNA accumulation were decreased at the inoculated site at low (20 and 15 °C) temperatures, no viral symptoms were observed at the systemic site (15 °C); in addition to viral RNA accumulation suppression at this site. GBNV infection at the inoculated site induced the higher accumulation of H2O2 followed by the induction of cell death at higher temperatures (30 and 25 °C) than the lower (20 and 15 °C) temperatures. Conclusion This study suggests that viral RNA accumulation parallels with the H2O2 production and induction of cell death by GBNV infection in cowpea plants is temperature dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Vipin Permar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Basavaraj
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Bhoopal Singh Tomar
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gupta OP, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Kumari S, Jain PK, Vinutha T, Praveen S. Conserved miRNAs modulate the expression of potential transcription factors of isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway in soybean seeds. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3713-3730. [PMID: 31012027 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant importance of soybean isoflavone, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs during its biosynthesis is highly unexplored. In the present work, nine existing miRNAs along with their ten corresponding target genes were identified and validated in soybean for their possible role during isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation. Temporal expression analysis at four key stages of seed development (35, 45, 55 and 65DAF) of all the miRNA-target pairs showed varying degree of differential accumulation in two soybean genotypes (NRC37: high isoflavone; and NRC7: low isoflavone). Differential expression of MYB65-Gma-miR159, MYB96-Gma-miRNA1534, MYB176-Gma-miRNA5030, SPL9-Gma-miRNA156, TCP3, TCP4-Gma-miRNA319, WD40-Gma-miRNA162, UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase-Gma-miRNA396, and CHI3-Gma-miRNA5434 showed an important relationship with their targets in both the soybean genotypes across all the stages. Therefore, the finding of the present work would certainly increase our understanding of molecular regulation of isoflavone biosynthetic pathway mediated by the miRNA which would guide molecular breeder to develop isoflavone rich soybean cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, 132 001, India.
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kumar RR, Hasija S, Goswami S, Tasleem M, Sakhare A, Kumar S, Bakshi S, Jambhulkar S, Rai GK, Singh B, Singh GP, Pathak H, Viswanathan C, Praveen S. Gamma irradiation protect the developing wheat endosperm from oxidative damage by balancing the trade-off between the defence network and grains quality. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 174:637-648. [PMID: 30875557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gamma irradiation has been reported to modulate the biochemical and molecular parameters associated with the tolerance of plant species under biotic/ abiotic stress. Wheat is highly sensitive to heat stress (HS), as evident from the decrease in the quantity and quality of the total grains. Here, we studied the effect of pre-treatment of wheat dry seeds with different doses of gamma irradiation (0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 kGy) on tolerance level and quality of developing wheat endospermic tissue under HS (38 °C, 1 h; continuously for three days). Expression analysis of genes associated with defence and starch metabolism in developing grains showed maximum transcripts of HSP17 (in response to 0.25 kGy + HS) and AGPase (under 0.30 kGy), as compared to control. Gamma irradiation was observed to balance the accumulation of H2O2 by enhancing the activities of SOD and GPx in both the cvs. under HS. Gamma irradiation was observed to stabilize the synthesis of starch and amylose by regulating the activities of AGPase, SSS and α-amylase under HS. The appearance of isoforms of gliadins (α, β, γ, ω) were observed more in gamma irradiated seeds (0.20 kGy), as compared to control. Gamma irradiation (0.25 kGy in HD3118 & 0.20 kGy in HD3086) was observed to have positive effect on the width, length and test seed weight of the grains under HS. The information generated in present investigation provides easy, cheap and user-friendly technology to mitigate the effect of terminal HS on the grain-development process of wheat along with development of robust seeds with high nutrient density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sumedha Hasija
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Mohd Tasleem
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Akshay Sakhare
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Suman Bakshi
- Department of Atomic Energy, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sanjay Jambhulkar
- Department of Atomic Energy, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India.
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatta, Jammu 180009, India.
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Gyanendra P Singh
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | | | - Chinnusamy Viswanathan
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gupta OP, Dahuja A, Sachdev A, Jain PK, Kumari S, T V, Praveen S. Cytosine Methylation of Isoflavone Synthase Gene in the Genic Region Positively Regulates Its Expression and Isoflavone Biosynthesis in Soybean Seeds. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:510-520. [PMID: 31017480 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, being sessile organisms, have evolved several dynamic mechanisms of gene regulation. Epigenetic modification especially cytosine methylation and demethylation actively regulates the expression of genes. To understand the role of cytosine methylation during isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, we performed cytosine methylation analysis in the coding region of two isoforms IFS1 and IFS2 gene, in two contrasting soybean genotypes differing in total isoflavone content (NRC37: high isoflavone; and NRC7: low isoflavone). The results indicated increased 5-mC in both the isoforms in NRC37 (∼20.51% in IFS2 and ∼85% in IFS1) compared with NRC7 (∼7.8% in IFS2 and ∼2.5% in IFS1) genotype, which signifies the positive role of 5-mC in the coding region of the gene leading to enhanced expression. In addition, temporal expression profiling [35 days after flowering (DAF), 45, 55, and 65 DAF] of both the isoforms showed increasing trend of accumulation in both the genotypes with maximum in NRC37 at 65 DAF. To further establish a correlation between methylation and expression of transcripts, we quantified the different isoforms of isoflavone in both the genotypes across all the stages. Therefore, the finding of this study would certainly increase our understanding of epigenetic regulation of isoflavone biosynthetic pathway mediated by the cytosine methylation that would assist molecular breeders to get high-performing soybean genotypes with better isoflavone yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Gupta
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- 2 ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinutha T
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- 1 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ramesh SV, Shivakumar M, Ramteke R, Bhatia VS, Chouhan BS, Goyal S, Singh A, Praveen S, Gill BS, Chand S. Quantification of a legume begomovirus to evaluate soybean genotypes for resistance to yellow mosaic disease. J Virol Methods 2019; 268:24-31. [PMID: 30890330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) infecting soybean and other legumes causes yellow mosaic disease (YMD). Evaluation of soybean genotypes for YMD resistance involves field screening at disease hot spots or in a protected environment using infectious clones or viruliferous whiteflies as sources of virus inocula. Development of efficient virus inoculation and quantification protocols to screen soybean genetic stocks against YMD is imperative for breeding resistant varieties. Binary plasmids harbouring complete, tandem dimeric genomic components DNA A and DNA B of MYMIV-soybean isolate were engineered. The infectivity of the clones was demonstrated in soybean genotypes JS335 and UPSM534 that display contrasting YMD resistance. As a follow-up, soybean germplasm lines, breeding lines, and representative cultivars that were initially screened at an YMD hot-spot were then subjected to Agrobacterium-based infection with MYMIV. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) based copy number analysis of MYMIV genomic components allowed soybean genotypes to be classified into three discrete categories; resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible to the viral infection. Thus, a soybean germplasm disease screening system based on agro-infection and qRT-PCR based quantification of MYMIV was developed to facilitate breeding YMD resistant soybean. The implications of this study for obtaining YMD resistant soybean cultivars are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugiah V Ramesh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Maranna Shivakumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkumar Ramteke
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Virender S Bhatia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagat S Chouhan
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shwetha Goyal
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Suresh Chand
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ramesh SV, Govindasamy V, Rajesh MK, Sabana AA, Praveen S. Stress-responsive miRNAome of Glycine max (L.) Merrill: molecular insights and way forward. Planta 2019; 249:1267-1284. [PMID: 30798358 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Analysis of stress-associated miRNAs of Glycine max (L.) Merrill reveals wider ramifications of small RNA-mediated (conserved and legume-specific miRNAs) gene regulatory foot prints in molecular adaptive responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are indispensable components of gene regulatory mechanism of plants. Soybean is a crop of immense commercial potential grown worldwide for its edible oil and soy meal. Intensive research efforts, using the next generation sequencing and bioinformatics techniques, have led to the identification and characterization of numerous small RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in soybean. Furthermore, studies have unequivocally demonstrated the significance of miRNAs during the developmental processes and various stresses in soybean. In this review, we summarize the current state of understanding of miRNA-based abiotic and biotic stress responses in soybean. In addition, the molecular insights gained from the stress-related soybean miRNAs have been compared to the miRNAs of other crops, especially legumes, and the core commonalities have been highlighted, though differences among them were not ignored. Nature of response of soybean-derived conserved miRNAs during various stresses was also analyzed to gain deeper insights regarding sRNAome-based defense responses. This review further provides way forward in legume small RNA transcriptomics based on the adaptive responses of soybean and other legume-derived miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Ramesh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research (ICAR-IISR), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452001, India.
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671124, India.
| | - V Govindasamy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - M K Rajesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671124, India
| | - A A Sabana
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala, 671124, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Srilatha P, Yousuf F, Methre R, Vishnukiran T, Agarwal S, Poli Y, Raghurami Reddy M, Vidyasagar B, Shanker C, Krishnaveni D, Triveni S, Brajendra, Praveen S, Balachandran S, Subrahmanyam D, Mangrauthia SK. Physical interaction of RTBV ORFI with D1 protein of Oryza sativa and Fe/Zn homeostasis play a key role in symptoms development during rice tungro disease to facilitate the insect mediated virus transmission. Virology 2019; 526:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
A 26-year-old unmarried female with a history of acute abdominal pain and bleeding per vagina was brought unresponsive to the hospital. She was in shock on arrival and could not be resuscitated. Death was registered as a medico-legal case. Further investigation by the police revealed that she had amenorrhoea for eight weeks and had tested positive for pregnancy. She had consumed abortion pills purchased from a local pharmacist without consulting a doctor and had developed acute abdominal pain after 48 h. Autopsy revealed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy (tubal type).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Jayanth
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - S Praveen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumar RR, Singh K, Ahuja S, Tasleem M, Singh I, Kumar S, Grover M, Mishra D, Rai GK, Goswami S, Singh GP, Chinnusamy V, Rai A, Praveen S. Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals novel stress-associated active proteins (SAAPs) and pathways involved in modulating tolerance of wheat under terminal heat. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:329-348. [PMID: 30465139 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Terminal heat stress has detrimental effect on the growth and yield of wheat. Very limited information is available on heat stress-associated active proteins (SAAPs) in wheat. Here, we have identified 159 protein groups with 4271 SAAPs in control (22 ± 3 °C) and HS-treated (38 °C, 2 h) wheat cvs. HD2985 and HD2329 using iTRAQ. We identified 3600 proteins to be upregulated and 5825 proteins to be downregulated in both the wheat cvs. under HS. We observed 60.3% of the common SAAPs showing upregulation in HD2985 (thermotolerant) and downregulation in HD2329 (thermosusceptible) under HS. GO analysis showed proton transport (molecular), photosynthesis (biological), and ATP binding (cellular) to be most altered under HS. Most of the SAAPs identified were observed to be chloroplast localized and involved in photosynthesis. Carboxylase enzyme was observed most abundant active enzymes in wheat under HS. An increase in the degradative isoenzymes (α/β-amylases) was observed, as compared to biosynthesis enzymes (ADP-glucophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, etc.) under HS. Transcript profiling showed very high relative fold expression of HSP17, CDPK, Cu/Zn SOD, whereas downregulation of AGPase, SSS under HS. The identified SAAPs can be used for targeted protein-based precision wheat-breeding program for the development of 'climate-smart' wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sumedha Ahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mohd Tasleem
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Indra Singh
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Mishra
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Chatta, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra P Singh
- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Rai
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vinutha T, Kumar G, Garg V, Canto T, Palukaitis P, Ramesh SV, Praveen S. Tomato geminivirus encoded RNAi suppressor protein, AC4 interacts with host AGO4 and precludes viral DNA methylation. Gene 2018; 678:184-195. [PMID: 30081188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant RNA silencing systems are organized as a network, regulating plant developmental pathways and restraining invading viruses, by sharing cellular components with overlapping functions. Host regulatory networks operate either at the transcriptional level via RNA-directed DNA methylation, or at the post-transcriptional stage interfering with mRNA to restrict viral infection. However, viral-derived proteins, including suppressors of RNA silencing, favour virus establishment, and also affect plant developmental processes. In this investigation, we report that Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-derived AC4 protein suppresses RNA silencing activity and mutational analysis of AC4 showed that Asn-50 in the SKNT-51 motif, in the C-terminal region, is a critical determinant of its RNA silencing suppressor activity. AC4 showed interaction with host AGO4 but not with AGO1, aggregated around the nucleus, and influenced cytosine methylation of the viral genome. The possible molecular mechanism by which AC4 interferes in the RNA silencing network, helps virus establishment, and affects plant development is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Varsha Garg
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tomas Canto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - S V Ramesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala 671 124, India.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh A, Permar V, Basavaraj A, Tomar Bhoopal S, Praveen S. Effect of Temperature on Symptoms Expression and Viral RNA Accumulation in Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus Infected Vigna unguiculata. ijbiotech 2018. [DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
Kumar RR, Goswami S, Singh K, Dubey K, Rai GK, Singh B, Singh S, Grover M, Mishra D, Kumar S, Bakshi S, Rai A, Pathak H, Chinnusamy V, Praveen S. Characterization of novel heat-responsive transcription factor (TaHSFA6e) gene involved in regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) - A key member of heat stress-tolerance network of wheat. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:1-12. [PMID: 29746879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress has an adverse effect on the quality and quantity of agriculturally important crops, especially wheat. The tolerance mechanism has not been explored much in wheat and very few genes/ TFs responsive to heat stress is available on public domain. Here, we identified, cloned and characterized a putative TaHSFA6e TF gene of 1.3 kb from wheat cv. HD2985. We observed an ORF of 368 aa with Hsf DNA binding signature domain in the amino acid sequence. Single copy number of TaHSFA6e was observed integrated in the genome of wheat. Expression analysis of TaHSFA6e under differential HS showed maximum transcripts in wheat cv. Halna (thermotolerant) in response to 38 °C for 2 h during pollination and grain-filling stages, as compared to PBW343, HD2329 and HD2985. Putative target genes of TaHSFA6e (HSP17, HSP70 and HSP90) showed upregulation in response to differential HS (30 & 38 °C, 2 h) during pollination and grain-filling stages. Small HSP17 was observed most triggered in Halna under HS. We observed increase in the catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and decrease in the lipid peroxidation in thermotolerant cvs. (Halna, HD2985), as compared to thermosusceptible (PBW343, HD2329) under differential HS. Multiple stresses (heat - 38 °C, 2 h, and drought - 100 mL of 20% polyethylene Glycol 6000) during seedling stage of wheat showed positive correlation between the expression of TaHSFA6e, putative targets (HSP70, HSP90, HSP17) and TAC. Halna (thermotolerant) performed better, as compared to other contrasting cvs. TaHSFA6e TF can be used as promising candidate gene for manipulating the heat stress-tolerance network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gyanendra K Rai
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Science and Technology, Chatta, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shivdhar Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Monendra Grover
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Mishra
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suman Bakshi
- Department of Atomic Energy, Babha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Anil Rai
- CABin, Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Krishnan V, Gothwal S, Dahuja A, Vinutha T, Singh B, Jolly M, Praveen S, Sachdev A. Enhanced nutraceutical potential of gamma irradiated black soybean extracts. Food Chem 2018; 245:246-253. [PMID: 29287367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation processing of soybean, varying in seed coat colour, was carried out at dose levels of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kGy to evaluate their potential anti-proliferative and cytoprotective effects in an in vitro cell culture system. Irradiated and control black (Kalitur) and yellow (DS9712) soybean extracts were characterized in terms of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). Using an epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B the potential cytoprotective effects of soybean extracts were evaluated in terms of intracellular ROS levels and cell viability. The most relevant scavenging effect was found in Kalitur, with 78% decrease in ROS, which well correlated with a 33% increase in C3G after a 1 kGy dose. Results evidenced a correspondence between in vitro antioxidant activity and a potential health property of black soybean extracts, exemplifying the nutraceutical role of C3G. To our knowledge this study is the first report validating the cytoprotective effects of irradiated black soybean extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Gothwal
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Monica Jolly
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
T V, Bansal N, Kumari K, Prashat G R, Sreevathsa R, Krishnan V, Kumari S, Dahuja A, Lal SK, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Comparative Analysis of Tocopherol Biosynthesis Genes and Its Transcriptional Regulation in Soybean Seeds. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:11054-11064. [PMID: 29121768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols composed of four isoforms (α, β, γ, and δ) and its biosynthesis comprises of three pathways: methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), shikimate (SK) and tocopherol-core pathways regulated by 25 enzymes. To understand pathway regulatory mechanism at transcriptional level, gene expression profile of tocopherol-biosynthesis genes in two soybean genotypes was carried out, the results showed significantly differential expression of 5 genes: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-P-reductoisomerase (DXR), geranyl geranyl reductase (GGDR) from MEP, arogenate dehydrogenase (TyrA), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) from SK and γ-tocopherol methyl transferase 3 (γ-TMT3) from tocopherol-core pathways. Expression data were further analyzed for total tocopherol (T-toc) and α-tocopherol (α-toc) content by coregulation network and gene clustering approaches, the results showed least and strong association of γ-TMT3/tocopherol cyclase (TC) and DXR/DXS, respectively, with gene clusters of tocopherol biosynthesis suggested the specific role of γ-TMT3/TC in determining tocopherol accumulation and intricacy of DXR/DXS genes in coordinating precursor pathways toward tocopherol biosynthesis in soybean seeds. Thus, the present study provides insight into the major role of these genes regulating the tocopherol synthesis in soybean seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinutha T
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Navita Bansal
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | | | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S K Lal
- Division of Genetics, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, IARI , New Delhi 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wylie SJ, Adams M, Chalam C, Kreuze J, López-Moya JJ, Ohshima K, Praveen S, Rabenstein F, Stenger D, Wang A, Murilo Zerbini F, Ictv Report Consortium. Erratum: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Potyviridae. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2893. [PMID: 29106351 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wylie
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Mike Adams
- 24 Woodland Way, Stevenage, Herts SG2 8BT, UK
| | - Celia Chalam
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jan Kreuze
- International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Frank Rabenstein
- Institute for Epidemiological and Pathogen Diagnosis, Julius Kuhn Institut, Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Drake Stenger
- Crop Diseases, Pests, Genetics, ARS, USDA, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Moriones E, Praveen S, Chakraborty S. Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus: An Emerging Virus Complex Threatening Vegetable and Fiber Crops. Viruses 2017; 9:E264. [PMID: 28934148 PMCID: PMC5691616 DOI: 10.3390/v9100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) represents an important constraint to tomato production, as it causes the most predominant and economically important disease affecting tomato in the Indian sub-continent. However, in recent years, ToLCNDV has been fast extending its host range and spreading to new geographical regions, including the Middle East and the western Mediterranean Basin. Extensive research on the genome structure, protein functions, molecular biology, and plant-virus interactions of ToLCNDV has been conducted in the last decade. Special emphasis has been given to gene silencing suppression ability in order to counteract host plant defense responses. The importance of the interaction with DNA alphasatellites and betasatellites in the biology of the virus has been demonstrated. ToLCNDV genetic variability has been analyzed, providing new insights into the taxonomy, host adaptation, and evolution of this virus. Recombination and pseudorecombination have been shown as motors of diversification and adaptive evolution. Important progress has also been made in control strategies to reduce disease damage. This review highlights these various achievements in the context of the previous knowledge of begomoviruses and their interactions with plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Moriones
- Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture Institute "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, La Mayora Experimental Station, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Advanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ramesh SV, Sahu PP, Prasad M, Praveen S, Pappu HR. Geminiviruses and Plant Hosts: A Closer Examination of the Molecular Arms Race. Viruses 2017; 9:E256. [PMID: 28914771 PMCID: PMC5618022 DOI: 10.3390/v9090256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are plant-infecting viruses characterized by a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. Geminivirus-derived proteins are multifunctional and effective regulators in modulating the host cellular processes resulting in successful infection. Virus-host interactions result in changes in host gene expression patterns, reprogram plant signaling controls, disrupt central cellular metabolic pathways, impair plant's defense system, and effectively evade RNA silencing response leading to host susceptibility. This review summarizes what is known about the cellular processes in the continuing tug of war between geminiviruses and their plant hosts at the molecular level. In addition, implications for engineered resistance to geminivirus infection in the context of a greater understanding of the molecular processes are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of employing geminivirus-based vectors in plant genome engineering and the emergence of powerful genome editing tools to confer geminivirus resistance are highlighted to complete the perspective on geminivirus-plant molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunmugiah V Ramesh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indore 452001, India.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| | - Pranav P Sahu
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi110067, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi110067, India.
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Hanu R Pappu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Forensic pathologists come across many deaths due to natural causes which are sudden. Sudden natural deaths in females who are pregnant warrant thorough investigation and a medico-legal autopsy to rule out any foul play. Here, we report a case of 21-year-old primigravida in her first trimester who suddenly complained of severe chest pain and was brought dead to the hospital with no history suggestive of prior natural disease. At autopsy, the death was attributed to dissection of ascending aorta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshith Rs Shetty
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Y P Girish Chandra
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - S Praveen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Somusekhar Gajula
- Department of Forensic Medicine, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Singh A, Permar V, Jain RK, Goswami S, Kumar RR, Canto T, Palukaitis P, Praveen S. Induction of cell death by tospoviral protein NSs and the motif critical for cell death does not control RNA silencing suppression activity. Virology 2017; 508:108-117. [PMID: 28527340 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Groundnut bud necrosis virus induces necrotic symptoms in different hosts. Previous studies showed reactive oxygen species-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) resulted in necrotic symptoms. Transgenic expression of viral protein NSs mimics viral symptoms. Here, we showed a role for NSs in influencing oxidative burst in the cell, by analyzing H2O2 accumulation, activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression levels of vacuolar processing enzymes, H2O2-responsive microRNA 319a.2 plus its possible target metacaspase-8. The role of NSs in PCD, was shown using two NSs mutants: one in the Trp/GH3 motif (a homologue of pro-apototic domain) (NSsS189R) and the other in a non-Trp/GH3 motif (NSsL172R). Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) expressing NSsS189R enhanced the PCD response, but not TRV-NSsL172R, while RNA silencing suppression activity was lost in TRV-NSsL172R, but not in TRV-NSsS189R. Therefore, we propose dual roles of NSs in RNA silencing suppression and induction of cell death, controlled by different motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vipin Permar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - R K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tomas Canto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wylie SJ, Adams M, Chalam C, Kreuze J, López-Moya JJ, Ohshima K, Praveen S, Rabenstein F, Stenger D, Wang A, Zerbini FM, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Potyviridae. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:352-354. [PMID: 28366187 PMCID: PMC5797945 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Potyviridae is the largest family of RNA plant viruses, members of which have single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes and flexuous filamentous particles 680–900 nm long and 11–20 nm wide. There are eight genera, distinguished by the host range, genomic features and phylogeny of the member viruses. Genomes range from 8.2 to 11.3 kb, with an average size of 9.7 kb. Most genomes are monopartite but those of members of the genus Bymovirus are bipartite. Some members cause serious disease epidemics in cultivated plants. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Potyviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/potyviridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wylie
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Mike Adams
- 24 Woodland Way, Stevenage, Herts SG2 8BT, UK
| | - Celia Chalam
- Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jan Kreuze
- International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazusato Ohshima
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1-banchi, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Frank Rabenstein
- Institute for Epidemiological and Pathogen Diagnosis, Julius Kuhn Institut, Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Drake Stenger
- Crop Diseases, Pests, Genetics, ARS, USDA, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford St., London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gupta OP, Nigam D, Dahuja A, Kumar S, Vinutha T, Sachdev A, Praveen S. Regulation of Isoflavone Biosynthesis by miRNAs in Two Contrasting Soybean Genotypes at Different Seed Developmental Stages. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:567. [PMID: 28450878 PMCID: PMC5390031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the presence of nutritionally important, health-promoting bioactive compounds, especially isoflavones, soybean has acquired the status of a functional food. miRNAs are tiny riboregulator of gene expression by either decreasing and/or increasing the expression of their corresponding target genes. Despite several works on identification and functional characterization of plant miRNAs, the role of miRNAs in the regulation of isoflavones metabolism is still a virgin field. In the present study, we identified a total of 31 new miRNAs along with their 245 putative target genes from soybean seed-specific ESTs using computational approach. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicated that miRNA putatively regulates metabolism and genetic information processing. Out of that, a total of 5 miRNAs (Gma-miRNA12, Gma-miRNA24, Gma-miRNA26, Gma-miRNA28, and Gma-miRNA29) were predicted and validated for their probable role during isoflavone biosynthesis. We also validated their five target genes using RA-PCR, which is as good as 5'RLM-RACE. Temporal regulation [35 days after flowering, 45, 55, and 65 DAF] of miRNAs and their targets showed differential expression schema. Differential expression of Gma-miR26 and Gma-miRNA28 along with their corresponding target genes (Glyma.10G197900 and Glyma.09G127200) showed a direct relationship with the total isoflavone content. Therefore, understanding the miRNA-based genetic regulation of isoflavone pathway would assist in selection and manipulation to get high-performing soybean genotypes with better isoflavone yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om P. Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Nigam
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-Informatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - T. Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa CampusNew Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Inhalant abuse refers to the inhalation of volatile substances for their euphoric effects. Glues and adhesives have been abused inhalants for decades and so the term "glue sniffing" attached to the habit. These days many substances used are not adhesives and the most accurate title of "solvent abuse" has been given to this widespread and dangerous habit. The various methods of inhalational abuse include huffing, bagging, dusting, glading, and sniffing. We report one such case of a 22-year-old male who was found in an unresponsive state at his residence with a plastic cover around his head and empty tubes of "Fevibond" glue beside him. He died on the way to hospital. At autopsy, conjunctival and visceral congestion were found with pulmonary edema and petechiae over visceral pericardium. The viscera were analyzed, and the presence of toluene in his liver and blood was reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Jayanth
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Basappa S Hugar
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - S Praveen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Y P Girish Chandra
- Department of Forensic Medicine, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|