1
|
Zhu FJ, Fan SL, Liu GX, Qiao QL. [Effect of early rehabilitation training on motor function and neural function of patients with brainstem hemorrhage after body-oriented individualized surgery]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:3670-3675. [PMID: 38018067 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20231012-00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of early rehabilitation training on motor function and neural function of patients with brainstem hemorrhage after stereotactic individualized operation. Methods: A total of 84 patients with brainstem hemorrhage after stereotactic individualized surgery admitted to Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=42) and control group (n=42) according to random number table method. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment, and the observation group received early rehabilitation training on the basis of drug treatment in the control group. The motor function assessment [Fugl Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores], neural function [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores], ability of daily living [Barthel index (BI) scores], cerebral blood flow [mean blood flow (MBF), mean flow velocity (MFV), peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)] and nerve factor [serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), central nervous specific protein(S100β)] levels were compared between the two groups before and after the treatment. In addition, the rehabilitation effect and complications of the two groups were observed. Results: The total effective rate (95.24%) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (76.19%%) (P<0.05). After the treatment, the FMA scores, BI scores, MBF, MFV and BDNF levels of the two groups were higher than those before the treatment, and the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). NIHSS scores, PVR, NSE and S100β levels in the two groups after the treatment were lower than those before the treatment, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group [7.14% (3/42)]was lower than that in the control group [23.81% (10/42), P<0.05]. Conclusion: For patients with brain stem hemorrhage after stereotactic individualized surgery, early rehabilitation training can improve the motor, neural function and daily living ability, rehabilitation effect, regulate cerebral hemodynamics and nerve factor levels, and reduce the incidence of complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009,China
| | - S L Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009,China
| | - G X Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009,China
| | - Q L Qiao
- Five Neurosurgical Wards of Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009,China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Wang ZL, Zhang S, Kong DJ, Yang RN, Cao L, Wang JX, Yoshida S, Song ZL, Liu T, Fan SL, Ren JS, Li JH, Shen ZY, Zheng H. Metronomic capecitabine inhibits liver transplant rejection in rats by triggering recipients’ T cell ferroptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3084-3102. [PMID: 37346150 PMCID: PMC10280797 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i20.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine (CAP) is a classic antimetabolic drug and has shown potential antirejection effects after liver transplantation (LT) in clinical studies. Our previous study showed that metronomic CAP can cause the programmed death of T cells by inducing oxidative stress in healthy mice. Ferroptosis, a newly defined non-apoptotic cell death that occurs in response to iron overload and lethal levels of lipid peroxidation, is an important mechanism by which CAP induces cell death. Therefore, ferroptosis may also play an important role in CAP-induced T cell death and play an immunosuppressive role in acute rejection after trans-plantation.
AIM To investigate the functions and underlying mechanisms of antirejection effects of metronomic CAP.
METHODS A rat LT model of acute rejection was established, and the effect of metronomic CAP on splenic hematopoietic function and acute graft rejection was evaluated 7 d after LT. In vitro, primary CD3+ T cells were sorted from rat spleens and human peripheral blood, and co-cultured with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (active agent of CAP). The levels of ferroptosis-related proteins, ferrous ion concentration, and oxidative stress-related indicators were observed. The changes in mito-chondrial structure were observed using electron microscopy.
RESULTS With no significant myelotoxicity, metronomic CAP alleviated graft injury (Banff score 9 vs 7.333, P < 0.001), prolonged the survival time of the recipient rats (11.5 d vs 16 d, P < 0.01), and reduced the infiltration rate of CD3+ T cells in peripheral blood (6.859 vs 3.735, P < 0.001), liver graft (7.459 vs 3.432, P < 0.001), and spleen (26.92 vs 12.9, P < 0.001), thereby inhibiting acute rejection after LT. In vitro, 5-FU, an end product of CAP metabolism, induced the degradation of the ferritin heavy chain by upregulating nuclear receptor coactivator 4, which caused the accumulation of ferrous ions. It also inhibited nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and glutathione peroxidase 4, eventually leading to oxidative damage and ferroptosis of T cells.
CONCLUSION Metronomic CAP can suppress acute allograft rejection in rats by triggering CD3+ T cell ferroptosis, which makes it an effective immunosuppressive agent after LT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Zheng-Lu Wang
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - De-Jun Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Rui-Ning Yang
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jian-Xi Wang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sei Yoshida
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhuo-Lun Song
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Tao Liu
- National Health Commission’s Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shun-Li Fan
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Jia-Shu Ren
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Li
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300190, China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- National Health Commission’s Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300190, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300190, China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- National Health Commission’s Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan SL, Shi Y, Zhang S, Wang H, Kong DJ, Ren JS, Zhou YH, Li JH, Wang ZL, Zheng H. [Preclinical evaluation of a veno-venous bypass device for liver transplantation based on the principle of magnetic levitation drive]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:930-938. [PMID: 36207982 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220622-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the performance of a self-made venous-venous bypass (VVB) device for liver transplantation based on the principle of magnetic levitation drive. Methods: Experimental study was conducted from August 2020 to January 2022. Eight Bama minipigs underwent VVB of hepatic portal vein-femoral vein-internal jugular vein after occlusion of hepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava. The animals were divided into two groups according to the VVB devices used during VVB. A self-made VVB device was used in group A(n=5),and an imported VVB device was used in group B(n=3). The hemodynamic changes of the two groups of animals were compared at 6 time points including before vascular occlusion, during vascular occlusion, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes after the start of VVB, and 30 minutes after vascular opening. In addition,the changes of blood compatibility indexes,intestinal injury indexes,kidney injury indexes and internal environment indexes of the two groups of animals at each time point were compared. The independent samples t test was used for the quantitative data between the two groups with non-repeated measures,and the repeated measures analysis of variance was used for the quantitative data between the two groups with repeated measures. Results: During the VVB of the two devices,the venous drainage was sufficient,and the main manifestations were that the color of the intestine of the Bama miniature pig was ruddy, the peristalsis was normal, and the urine output was normal. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics,blood injure indexes,intestinal injury indexes,kidney injury indexes,neutropil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,and internal environment indexes(all P>0.05).The indexes at 30 minutes after vascular opening in the group A and the group B were as follows:mean arterial pressure were (71.0±7.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and (74.0±8.7)mmHg,central venous pressure were (7.0±1.4)cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) and (7.7±0.6)cmH2O,heart rate were (131±10) beats/minutes and (132±8)beats/minutes; red blood cell count were (6.43±0.89)×1012/L and (6.32±0.58)×1012/L,hemoglobin were (108.4±5.9)g/L and (110.0±3.5)g/L,free hemoglobin were (78.28±3.96)mg/L and (78.08±4.54)mg/L; intestinal fatty acid binding protein were (2.27±0.49)μg/L and (2.40±0.78)μg/L;creatinine were (68.30±9.77)μmol/L and (79.90±26.91)μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen were (3.94±1.39)mmol/L and (3.45±0.65)mmol/L;neutropil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were (4.02±0.53) μg/L and (3.86±0.23)μg/L;pH value were 7.27±0.04 and 7.23±0.03,lactic acid were (6.18±2.62)mmol/L and (4.30±0.50)mmol/L,concentrations of Na+ were (136.3±3.0)mmol/L and (137.6±1.6) mmol/L,concentrations of K+ were (3.89±0.42) mmol/L and (3.98±0.17)mmol/L,concentrations of Ca2+ were (1.40±0.03)mmol/L and(1.40±0.04)mmol/L;all indexes in the two group had no differences(all P>0.05). Conclusion: The self-made venous bypass device can be safely and effectively applied to VVB of Bama minipigs,and achieves the same performance as the imported venous bypass device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Fan
- The First Central Clinical School,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China
| | - Y Shi
- Organ Transplant Department,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300192,China
| | - S Zhang
- School of Medicine,Nankai University,Tianjin 300074,China
| | - H Wang
- The First Central Clinical School,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China
| | - D J Kong
- School of Medicine,Nankai University,Tianjin 300074,China
| | - J S Ren
- The First Central Clinical School,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China
| | - Y H Zhou
- The First Central Clinical School,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China
| | - J H Li
- The First Central Clinical School,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China
| | - Z L Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China
| | - H Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation,Tianjin First Central Hospital,Tianjin 300192,China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan SL, Xiao CN, Zhang YK, Li YL, Wang XL, Wang L. How does the two-child policy affect the sex ratio at birth in China? A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:789. [PMID: 32460822 PMCID: PMC7251839 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The One-Child Policy led to the imbalance of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) in China. After that, Two-Child Policy was introduced and gradually liberalized at three stages. If both the husband and wife of one couple were the only child of their parents, they were allowed to have two children in policy (BTCP). If only one of them was the only child, they were allowed to have two children in policy (OTCP). The Universal Two-Child Policy (UTCP) allowed every couple to have two children. The objective of this study was to explore the changing trend of SRB at the stages of Two-Child Policy, to analyze the effect of population policy on SRB in terms of maternal age, delivery mode, parity, maternal education, delivery hospital, and to figure out what factors have greater impact on the SRB. METHODS The data of the study came from Hebei Province Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System, covered the parturients delivered at 28 gestation weeks or more in 22 hospitals from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. We compared the SRB at different policy stages, analyzed the relationship between the SRB and population policy by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Total 270,878 singleton deliveries were analyzed. The SRB, 1.084 at BTCP, 1.050 at OTCP, 1.047 at UTCP, declined rapidly (χ2 = 15.97, P < 0.01). With the introduction of Two-Child Policy, the percentage of parturients who were 30-34, ≥35 years old rose significantly, and the percentage of multiparous women increased significantly (40.7, 47.2, 56.6%). The neonatal mortality declined significantly (8.4‰, 6.7‰, 5.9‰, χ2 = 44.49, P < 0.01), the mortality rate of female infant gradually declined (48.2, 43.7, 43.9%). The logistic regression analysis showed the SRB was correlated to the three population policy stages in terms of maternal age, delivery mode, parity, maternal education, delivery hospital. CONCLUSIONS The SRB has declined to normal level with the gradually liberalizing of Two-Child Policy in China. Advanced maternal age, cesarean delivery, multiparous women, middle level education, rural hospital are the main factors of effect on the decline of the SRB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Fan
- Hebei Women and Children's Health Center, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - C N Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Y K Zhang
- Hebei Women and Children's Health Center, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Y L Li
- Hebei Women and Children's Health Center, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - X L Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu HH, Liu J, Fan SL, Song MZ, Han XL, Liu F, Shen FF. RETRACTION of: Molecular cloning and characterization of a salinity stress-induced gene encoding DEAD-box helicase from the halophyte Apocynum venetum. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:4145. [PMID: 27811006 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - S L Fan
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - M Z Song
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - X L Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - F F Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jia WL, Ding L, Ren ZY, Wu TT, Zhao WM, Fan SL, Wang JT. [Effects of both folic acid, p16 protein expression and their interaction on progression of cervical cancerization]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2016; 37:1647-1652. [PMID: 27998415 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of both folic acid, p16 protein expression and their interaction on progression of cervical cancerization. Methods: Participants were pathologically diagnosed new cases, including 80 women with normal cervical (NC), 55 patients with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINⅠ), 55 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINⅡ/Ⅲ) and 64 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Serum folate levels were detected by microbiological assay method while p16 protein expression levels were measured by Western-blot. In vitro, cervical cancer cell lines C33A (HPV negative) and Caski (HPV16 positive) were treated with different concentrations of folate. Proliferation and apoptosis of cells and the levels of p16 protein expression were measured in groups with different folic acid concentrations. Results: Results showed that the levels of serum folate were (5.96±3.93) ng/ml, (5.08±3.43) ng/ml, (3.92±2.59) ng/ml and (3.18±2.71) ng/ml, and the levels of p16 protein were 0.80±0.32, 1.33±0.52, 1.91±0.77, and 2.09±0.72 in the group of NC, CINⅠ, CINⅡ/Ⅲ and SCC, respectively. However, the levels of serum folate decreased (trend χ2=32.71, P<0.001) and p16 protein expression increased (trend χ2=56.06, P<0.001) gradually along with the severity of cervix lesions. An additive interaction was seen between serum folate deficiency and high expression of p16 protein in the CINⅠ, CINⅡ/Ⅲ and SCC group. Results in vitro showed that, with the increase of folate concentration, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation (C33A: r=0.928, P=0.003; Caski: r=0.962, P=0.001) and the rate on cell apoptosis (C33A: r=0.984, P<0.001; Caski: r=0.986, P<0.001) all increased but the levels of p16 protein expression (C33A: r=-0.817, P=0.025; Caski: r=-0.871, P=0.011) reduced. The proliferation inhibition rate (C33A: r=-0.935, P=0.002; Caski: r=-0.963, P=0.001) and apoptosis rate of cells (C33A: r=-0.844, P=0.017; Caski: r=-0.898, P=0.006) were negatively correlated with the levels of p16 protein expression. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that both serum folate deficiency and high expression of p16 protein could increase the risk of cervical cancer and cervix precancerous lesion, and there was an additive interaction between them. Our findings suggested that folic acid supplementation could reverse the abnormal expression of p16 protein, and effectively promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in cervical carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - L Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Z Y Ren
- Community Health Center, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - T T Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - W M Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - S L Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - J T Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oei E, Samad N, Visser A, Chowdhury TA, Fan SL. Use of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis: poor correlation with HbA1c and high incidence of hypoglycaemia. Diabet Med 2016; 33:e17-20. [PMID: 26470840 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving adequate glycaemic control in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis is challenging. Traditional assessment of glycaemia using HbA1c is difficult in such patients because of renal anaemia or carbamylation of haemoglobin, and significant glucose excursions may be masked. We describe three patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis with similar HbA1c levels, but with very different glucose profiles shown on continuous glucose monitoring. CASE REPORTS Patient 1 was treated with gliclazide, and had a number of solutions with high glucose concentration in his dialysis prescription. Continuous glucose monitoring showed glucose levels > 11 mmol/l for > 17 h per day, and < 4 mmol/l for 72 min per day with no symptoms. His HbA1c level was 61 mmol/mol (7.7%). Patient 2 was treated with insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring showed glucose levels > 11 mmol/mol for 3.8 h per day, and < 4 mmol/mol for 3.8 h per day. His HbA1c level was 59 mmol/mol (7.6%). Patient 3 was treated with pioglitazone and gliclazide, and glucose levels were > 11 mmol/l for 8 h per day and < 4 mmol/l for 1.6 h per day. His HbA1c was 62 mmol/mol (7.8%). None of the patients was aware of hypoglycaemia during the periods of low glucose recorded on continuous glucose monitoring. CONCLUSION Despite similar HbA1c levels, our three patients had very different glucose profiles. These cases highlight the fact that HbA1c is frequently inadequate in reflecting glucose control in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis, and we suggest that intermittent continuous glucose monitoring may allow safer management of glycaemia in such patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy
- Gliclazide/therapeutic use
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemia/chemically induced
- Hypoglycemia/epidemiology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Incidence
- Insulin/therapeutic use
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monitoring, Ambulatory
- Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory
- Pioglitazone
- Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Oei
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - N Samad
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Visser
- Department of Dietetics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T A Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S L Fan
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang Y, Fan SL, Song MZ, Yu JN, Yu SX. Identification of RNA editing sites in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) chloroplasts and editing events that affect secondary and three-dimensional protein structures. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:987-1001. [PMID: 22576925 DOI: 10.4238/2012.april.19.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
RNA editing can alter individual nucleotides in primary transcripts, which can cause the amino acids encoded by edited RNA to deviate from the ones predicted from the DNA template. We investigated RNA editing sites of protein-coding genes from the chloroplast genome of cotton. Fifty-four editing sites were identified in 27 transcripts, which is the highest editing frequency found until now in angiosperms. All these editing sites were C-to-U conversion, biased toward ndh genes and U_A context. Examining published editotypes in various angiosperms, we found that RNA editing mostly converts amino acid from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and restores evolutionary conserved amino acids. Using bioinformatics to analyze the effect of editing events on protein secondary and three-dimensional structures, we found that 21 editing sites can affect protein secondary structures and seven editing sites can alter three-dimensional protein structures. These results imply that 24 editing sites in cotton chloroplast transcripts may play an important role in their protein structures and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun H, Fan SL, Feng XL, Wu CF, Gong SQ, Huang GX, Oh CH. Strongly interacting photons in asymmetric quantum well via resonant tunneling. Opt Express 2012; 20:8485-8495. [PMID: 22513556 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.008485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose an asymmetric quantum well structure to realize strong interaction between two slow optical pulses. The essential idea is the combination of the advantages of inverted-Y type scheme and resonant tunneling. We analytically demonstrate that giant cross-Kerr nonlinearity can be achieved with vanishing absorptions. Owing to resonant tunneling, the contributions of the probe and signal cross-Kerr nonlinearities to total nonlinear phase shift vary from destructive to constrictive, leading to nonlinear phase shift on order of π at low light level. In this structure, the scheme is inherent symmetric for the probe and signal pulses. Consequently, the condition of group velocity matching can be fulfilled with appropriate initial electron distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu HH, Liu J, Fan SL, Song MZ, Han XL, Liu F, Shen FF. Molecular cloning and characterization of a salinity stress-induced gene encoding DEAD-box helicase from the halophyte Apocynum venetum. J Exp Bot 2008; 59:633-44. [PMID: 18272921 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The genes encoding DEAD-box helicases play a key role in various abiotic stresses, including temperature, light, oxygen, and salt stress. A salt-responsive gene, designated AvDH1, was isolated from the halophyte dogbane (Apocynum venetum) by using suppression subtractive hybridization and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence has nine conserved helicase motifs of the DEAD-box protein family. The AvDH1 gene is present as a single copy in the dogbane genome. This gene is expressed in response to NaCl and not polyethlene glycol (PEG) nor abscisic acid, and its expression increases with time. The transcription of AvDH1 is also induced by low temperature (4 degrees C), but its accumulation first increases then decreases with time. The purified recombinant protein contains ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity, ATP-independent RNA helicase activity, and DNA- or RNA-dependent ATPase activity. The ATPase activity of AvDH1 is stimulated more by single-stranded DNA than by double-stranded DNA or RNA. These results suggested that AvDH1 belonging to the DEAD-box helicase family is induced by salinity, functions as a typical helicase to unwind DNA and RNA, and may play an important role in salinity tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- A W Solomon
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan SL, Qu F, Zhao L, Lin JM. Flow-injection analysis for the determination of total inorganic carbon and total organic carbon in water using the H2O2–luminol–uranine chemiluminescent reaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:2175-82. [PMID: 17061073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of carbonate and uranine, the chemiluminescent intensity from the reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide was dramatically enhanced in a basic medium. Based on this fact and coupled with the technique of flow-injection analysis, a highly sensitive method was developed for the determination of carbonate with a wide linear range. The method provided the determination of carbonate with a wide linear range of 1.0 x 10(-10)-5.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) and a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of carbonate of 1.2 x 10(-11) mol L(-1). The average relative standard deviation for 1.0 x 10(-9)-9.0 x 10(-7) mol L(-1) of carbonate was 3.7% (n = 11). Combined with the wet oxidation of potassium persulfate, the method was applied to the simultaneous determination of total inorganic carbon (TIC) and total organic carbon (TOC) in water. The linear ranges for TIC and TOC were 1.2 x 10(-6)-6.0 x 10(-2) mg L(-1) and 0.08-30 mg L(-1) carbon, respectively. Recoveries of 97.4-106.4% for TIC and 96.0-98.5% for TOC were obtained by adding 5 or 50 mg L(-1) of carbon to the water samples. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.6-4.8% for TIC and 4.6-6.6% for TOC (n = 5). The mechanism of the chemiluminescent reaction was also explored and a reasonable explanation about chemical energy transfer from luminol to uranine was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan SL, Zhang LK, Lin JM. Post-column detection of benzenediols and 1,2,4-benzenetriol based on acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence. Talanta 2005; 68:646-52. [PMID: 18970370 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Revised: 05/08/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on the sensitizing effect of formic acid on the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of polyhydroxylbenzenes with acidified potassium permanganate and the combination technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a sensitive, selective and simple post-column CL detection method for simultaneously determining catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol is described. The optimal conditions for the CL detection and HPLC separation were carried out. The linear ranges were: 6.0 x 10(-3)-1.5 mg/L for hydroquinone, 8.0 x 10(-3)-1.5 mg/L for 1,2,4-benzenetriol, 1.0 x 10(-2)-2.0 mg/L for resorcinol and 1.0 x 10(-2)-2.5 mg/L for catechol, respectively. The detection limits are: 3.2 x 10(-3) mg/L for hydroquinone, 3.9 x 10(-3) mg/L for 1,2,4-benzenetriol, 4.7 x 10(-3) mg/L for resorcinol and 5.2 x 10(-3) mg/L for catechol, respectively. Combining with solid phase extraction, the proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of the polyhydroxylbenzenes in river water. The recoveries for three benzentriols were 92.1-95.4% and 82.0% for 1,2,4-benzenetriol, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) can cause renal failure, requiring long-term renal replacement therapy. Renal transplantation in patients with WG is successful, but the risk for recurrence of the disease necessitates continued vigilance. We report a patient that originally presented with acute renal failure secondary to a pauci-immune focal necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Subsequent nasal involvement and serologic tests for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies suggested a diagnosis of WG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Bart's and The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The present review considers the role that bisphosphonates might have in patients with renal failure. Although bisphosphonates are widely used to reduce fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis, few studies have documented their effect in patients with renal osteodystrophy. The pathogenesis of bone loss after renal transplantation and the role of the recently identified osteoprotegerin/receptor activating nuclear factor-kappaB system is described. Inhibition of bone resorption may prove beneficial when high bone turnover is present, but there are potential drawbacks to widespread use of bisphosphonates. These issues are discussed, with emphasis placed on reports published within the past 18 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Fan
- Department of Nephrology, St Bartholomew's and The Royal London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan SL, Schroeder NJ, Calverley MJ, Burrin JM, Makin HL, Cunningham J. Potent suppression of the parathyroid glands by hydroxylated metabolites of dihydrotachysterol(2). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1943-9. [PMID: 11096138 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.12.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydrotachysterol(2), a licensed pharmaceutical, is hydroxylated to 25-hydroxydihydrotachysterol(2) (25(OH)DHT(2)) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxydihydrotachysterol(2) (1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2)) in man. We have compared the biological activity of these metabolites with calcitriol and the 'non-calcaemic' analogue, 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT) in bovine parathyroid cell cultures and in rats. METHODS The effect of each sterol on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by primary bovine parathyroid cells was measured. High-performance liquid chromotography and gas chromotography-mass spectrometry were used to investigate in vitro 25(OH)DHT(2) metabolism. Rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection or five daily injections of each sterol, and changes in ionized calcium and PTH were measured. RESULTS In vitro, all sterols suppressed PTH significantly. Calcitriol and OCT were of similar potency, but 1 alpha, 25(OH)(2)DHT(2) and 25(OH)DHT(2) required higher concentrations to suppress PTH equally. We were unable to detect metabolism of 25(OH)DHT(2) to 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) in vitro. In rats, a single dose of 0.5 microg/rat of calcitriol increased ionized calcium at 30 and 40 h (statistically significant at 48 h). 50 microg of OCT and 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) did not cause significant hypercalcaemia at 48 h, although 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) caused hypercalcaemia at 30 h. In contrast, 50 microg of 25(OH)DHT(2) caused hypercalcaemia at 48 h but not at 30 h. Five daily doses of 0.001 microg/rat of calcitriol caused a significant rise in calcium and a 50% fall in PTH. OCT and 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) at 0.025 and 0.5 microg/rat respectively caused similar suppression of PTH but without hypercalcaemia. CONCLUSION 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) and 25(OH)DHT(2) are potent suppressors of PTH in vitro and in vivo. 25(OH)DHT(2) may be active by virtue of its pseudo-1 alpha-hydroxyl group. Hypercalcaemia caused by a single dose of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)DHT(2) appeared to be more transient than calcitriol. Five daily doses of 1 alpha, 25(OH)(2)DHT(2) and OCT could achieve 50% suppression of PTH without significant increments in ionized calcium. In contrast, suppression of PTH by calcitriol was associated with significant increments in ionized calcium. These data suggest that like OCT, 1 alpha, 25(OH)(2)DHT(2) can dissociate calcaemic actions from parathyroid-suppressing actions in a manner that may be therapeutically useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Fan
- Department of Nephrology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very rapid bone loss, osteopenia and skeletal morbidity after renal transplantation have been well documented and found to occur in a sex dependent fashion. Glucocorticoids, cyclosporine and pre-existing uremic osteodystrophy have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the skeletal lesions. Glucocorticoid induced osteopenia is also a serious clinical problem in patients with various nonrenal diseases and can be prevented, or at least attenuated, by pamidronate and other bisphosphonates. METHOD We prospectively studied 26 male patients undergoing renal transplantation, and randomized them to receive either placebo or intravenous pamidronate (0.5 mg/kg) at the time of transplantation and again one month later. All patients received immunosuppression comprising prednisolone, cyclosporine and azathioprine. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae and of the femoral neck was measured at the time of transplantation and at three months and 12 months after transplantation using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Twelve months after transplantation, the mean (+/- SEM) BMD of the lumbar vertebrae in patients who received placebo had decreased 6.4% (P < 0.05). In contrast, patients who received pamidronate experienced no significant reduction of BMD at the lumbar vertebrae. At the femoral neck, placebo-treated patients showed a reduction of BMD of 9% (P < 0.005), whereas there was no significant change in the pamidronate treated group. The two study groups had similar patient profiles, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and aluminium concentrations. After transplantation, comparable falls in the serum creatinine and PTH concentration were found in the two groups. Apart from transient hypocalcemia in two patients, no significant adverse effects of pamidronate were noted. CONCLUSION This study has shown that the early rapid bone loss that occurs in men during the first 12 months after renal transplantation can be prevented by two intravenous doses of pamidronate given at transplantation and one month later. The regimen was simple to administer, well tolerated and potentially applicable to other clinical groups of glucocorticoid treatment patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Fan
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, The Royal London Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kon SP, Fan SL, Kwan JT, Dodd SM, Raftery MJ. Membranous nephropathy complicating adenolymphoma of the parotid (Warthin's tumour). Nephron Clin Pract 1996; 73:692-4. [PMID: 8856273 DOI: 10.1159/000189162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy has been described in association with many malignancies including various lymphomas. However, it has not been previously described as a complication of benign solid adenolymphoma of the parotid, also called Warthin's tumour. We describe a patient who presented with an adenolymphoma of the parotid, and developed a severe nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy 6 months after the parotid swelling. The nephrotic syndrome resolved following parotidectomy and a short course of immunosuppression with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Kon
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation and Histopathology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of terminating life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia by low-energy synchronous or asynchronous shocks delivered through a transesophageal catheter that had both an anode and a cathode. Forty-three episodes of ventricular fibrillation or flutter (Vf or VF) were provoked by transesophageal asynchronous random shocks occurring during the vulnerable period of the ventricular cycle in seven dogs and seven pigs that were healthy adults. The 43 episodes of Vf or VF were terminated by the transesophageal technique. The defibrillation energy thresholds were 23.11 +/- 6.28 J (range, 5-30 J). Seven episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a cycle length of 360 msec or less (330 +/- 27 msec) were provoked by ventricular pacing stimuli during acute myocardial ischemia resulting from delayed resuscitation in two dogs and three pigs. Five of the seven VTs had a duration of 31 seconds or more, and they were all terminated by transesophageal synchronous shocks, the cardioversion thresholds being 1.71 +/- 2.25 J (range, 0.25-5 J). Fourteen episodes of idioventricular tachycardia (IVT) with a cycle length of 400 msec or more (445 +/- 33.5 msec) spontaneously occurred after the use of adrenaline and after defibrillation in four dogs and five pigs. We also succeeded in terminating seven episodes of IVT with a duration of 34 seconds or more by the same means of treating VT, although IVT is not an indication for cardioversion in the clinical setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Song YG, Fan SL, Li ZJ. [Clinical value of the determination of primary bile acids in serum and urine in liver diseases]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1986; 25:604-7, 637. [PMID: 3568843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
21
|
Fan SL. [Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide in normal subjects and in patients with pancreatic and renal disease]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1984; 23:615-8. [PMID: 6532673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
22
|
Fan SL, Li ZJ, Chen WY. [An evaluation of the determination of serum conjugated cholic acid in patients with hepatobiliary diseases]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1982; 21:386-9. [PMID: 7172873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
23
|
Lau HP, Fan SL, Chu FS. Preparation and Characterization of Af latoxin Q1-Hemisuccinate. J AOAC Int 1981. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/64.3.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method for the preparation and purification of aflatoxin Q1-hemisuccinate is described. The overall yield after final purification was about 80-85% of the starting aflatoxin Q1. The new aflatoxin derivative was characterized by thin layer chromatographic, high performance liquid chromatographic, ultraviolet, mass spectroscopic, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P Lau
- Food Research Institute and Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S L Fan
- Food Research Institute and Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - F S Chu
- Food Research Institute and Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| |
Collapse
|