1
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Kadykalo AN, Findlay CS, Spencer M, Callaghan CL, Cooke SJ, Young N. Collaboration and engagement with decision-makers are needed to reduce evidence complacency in wildlife management. Ambio 2024; 53:730-745. [PMID: 38360970 PMCID: PMC10991221 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-01979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
There exists an extensive, diverse, and robust evidence base to support complex decisions that address the planetary biodiversity crisis. However, it is generally not sought or used by environmental decision-makers, who instead draw on intuition, experience, or opinion to inform important decisions. Thus, there is a need to examine evidence exchange processes in wildlife management to understand the multiple inputs to decisions. Here, we adopt a novel approach, fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM), to examine perceptions of individuals from Indigenous and Western governments on the reliability of evidence which may influence freshwater fisheries management decisions in British Columbia, Canada. We facilitated four FCM workshops participants representing Indigenous or Western regulatory/governance groups of fisheries managers. Our results show that flows of evidence to decision-makers occur within a relatively closed governance network, constrained to the few well-connected decision-making organizations (i.e., wildlife management agencies) and their close partners. This implies that increased collaboration (i.e., knowledge co-production) and engagement (i.e., knowledge brokerage) with wildlife managers and decision-makers are needed to produce actionable evidence and increase evidence exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Kadykalo
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - C Scott Findlay
- Department of Biology and Institute of the Environment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nathan Young
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Colborne S, Peiman KS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Larsen MH, Aarestrup K, Cooke SJ. Effects of pre-winter cortisol exposure on condition, diet, and morphology of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2024; 341:282-292. [PMID: 38238913 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Winter is an energetically challenging period for many animals in temperate regions because of the relatively harsh environmental conditions and reduction in food availability during this season. Moreover, stressors experienced by individuals in the fall can affect their subsequent foraging strategy and energy stores after exposure has ended, referred to as carryover effects. We used exogenous cortisol manipulation of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the fall to simulate a physiological stress response and then investigated short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (4 months) effects on condition metrics (hepatosomatic index and water muscle content), diet (stomach contents and stable isotopes), and morphology during growth in freshwater. We revealed some short-term impacts, likely due to handling stress, and long-term (seasonal) changes in diet, likely reflecting prey availability. Unfortunately, we had very few recaptures of cortisol-treated fish at long-term sampling, limiting detailed analysis about cortisol effects at that time point. Nonetheless, the fish that were sampled showed elevated stable isotopes, suggestive of a cortisol effect long after exposure. This is one of few studies to investigate whether cortisol influences foraging and morphology during juvenile growth, thus extending the knowledge of proximate mechanisms influencing ecologically-relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Colborne
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Peiman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin H Larsen
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Kelly LA, Yost CK, Cooke SJ. Opportunities and challenges with transitioning to non-lethal sampling of wild fish for microbiome research. J Fish Biol 2024; 104:912-919. [PMID: 38226503 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The microbial communities of fish are considered an integral part of maintaining the overall health and fitness of their host. Research has shown that resident microbes reside on various mucosal surfaces, such as the gills, skin, and gastrointestinal tract, and play a key role in various host functions, including digestion, immunity, and disease resistance. A second, more transient group of microbes reside in the digesta, or feces, and are primarily influenced by environmental factors such as the host diet. The vast majority of fish microbiome research currently uses lethal sampling to analyse any one of these mucosal and/or digesta microbial communities. The present paper discusses the various opportunities that non-lethal microbiome sampling offers, as well as some inherent challenges, with the ultimate goal of creating a sound argument for future researchers to transition to non-lethal sampling of wild fish in microbiome research. Doing so will reduce animal welfare and population impacts on fish while creating novel opportunities to link host microbial communities to an individual's behavior and survival across space and time (e.g., life-stages, seasons). Current lethal sampling efforts constrain our ability to understand the mechanistic ecological consequences of variation in microbiome communities in the wild. Transitioning to non-lethal sampling will open new frontiers in ecological and microbial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Kelly
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher K Yost
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Institute for Microbial Systems and Society, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Cooke SJ, Piczak ML, Singh NJ, Åkesson S, Ford AT, Chowdhury S, Mitchell GW, Norris DR, Hardesty-Moore M, McCauley D, Hammerschlag N, Tucker MA, Horns JJ, Reisinger RR, Kubelka V, Lennox RJ. Animal migration in the Anthropocene: threats and mitigation options. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38437713 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Animal migration has fascinated scientists and the public alike for centuries, yet migratory animals are facing diverse threats that could lead to their demise. The Anthropocene is characterised by the reality that humans are the dominant force on Earth, having manifold negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Considerable research focus has been given to assessing anthropogenic impacts on the numerical abundance of species/populations, whereas relatively less attention has been devoted to animal migration. However, there are clear linkages, for example, where human-driven impacts on migration behaviour can lead to population/species declines or even extinction. Here, we explore anthropogenic threats to migratory animals (in all domains - aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial) using International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Threat Taxonomy classifications. We reveal the diverse threats (e.g. human development, disease, invasive species, climate change, exploitation, pollution) that impact migratory wildlife in varied ways spanning taxa, life stages and type of impact (e.g. from direct mortality to changes in behaviour, health, and physiology). Notably, these threats often interact in complex and unpredictable ways to the detriment of wildlife, further complicating management. Fortunately, we are beginning to identify strategies for conserving and managing migratory animals in the Anthropocene. We provide a set of strategies that, if embraced, have the potential to ensure that migratory animals, and the important ecological functions sustained by migration, persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Morgan L Piczak
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- Department of Biology, Centre for Animal Movement Research, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Adam T Ford
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Shawan Chowdhury
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr, 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr, 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Greg W Mitchell
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - D Ryan Norris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Molly Hardesty-Moore
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Douglas McCauley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Atlantic Shark Expeditions, 29 Wideview Lane, Boutiliers Point, Nova Scotia, B3Z 0M9, Canada
| | - Marlee A Tucker
- Radboud Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Houtlaan 4, Nijmegen, 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua J Horns
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ryan R Reisinger
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Center Southampton, University Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Vojtěch Kubelka
- Dept of Zoology and Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert J Lennox
- Ocean Tracking Network, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
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5
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Tuohy P, Cvitanovic C, Shellock RJ, Karcher DB, Duggan J, Cooke SJ. Considerations for Research Funders and Managers to Facilitate the Translation of Scientific Knowledge into Practice. Environ Manage 2024; 73:668-682. [PMID: 38019304 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Research funders and managers can play a critical role in supporting the translation of knowledge into action by facilitating the brokering of knowledge and partnerships. We use semi-structured interviews with a research funding agency, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), to explore (i) ways that funders can facilitate knowledge brokering, the (ii) barriers to, and (iii) enablers for, facilitating knowledge brokering, and (iv) the individual skills and attributes for research program funders and managers to be effective brokers. Based on these findings, we generate three considerations for research funders elsewhere, in particular R4D funders, seeking to build capacity for knowledge brokering: (i) formalise the process and practice, (ii) develop shared language and understanding, and (iii) build individual competencies and capabilities. Our findings complement the existing literature with a context specific analysis of how research funders can facilitate knowledge brokering, and by identifying the barriers and enablers in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tuohy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - C Cvitanovic
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - R J Shellock
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D B Karcher
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J Duggan
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - S J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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6
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Cooke SJ. Reflections on a decade of service as founding Editor-in-Chief of Conservation Physiology. Conserv Physiol 2024; 12:coad103. [PMID: 38369983 PMCID: PMC10873489 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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7
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Harper M, Rytwinski T, Cooke SJ. Patterns and Pitfalls of Short-cuts Used in Environmental Management Rapid Reviews. Environ Manage 2024; 73:457-469. [PMID: 37922103 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental managers and policy-makers need reliable evidence to make effective decisions. Systematic reviews are one way to provide this information but are time-consuming and may not meet the needs of decision-makers when faced with rapidly changing management requirements or transient policy-windows. Rapid reviews are one type of knowledge synthesis that follow simplified or truncated methods compared to systematic reviews. Rapid reviews on environmentally-relevant topics are growing in prevalence, but it is unclear if rapid reviews use similar short-cuts or follow available guidelines. In this methodological review, we assess 26 rapid reviews published between 2002 and 2023. Numerous rapid review short-cuts and approaches were identified, with few consistencies among studies. Short-cuts were present in all stages of the review process, with some of the most common short-cuts including not developing an a priori review protocol, not including stakeholder involvement, or not conducting critical appraisal of study validity. Poor quality in reporting of methods was observed. Fewer than half of assessed rapid reviews reported using available guidelines when developing their methods. Future rapid reviews should aim for improved reporting and adherence to published guidelines to help increase the useability and evidence-user confidence. This will also enable readers to understand where short-cuts were made and their potential consequences for the conclusions of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Harper
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Trina Rytwinski
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Cooke SJ, Lynch AJ, Tickner D, Abell R, Dalu T, Fiorella KJ, Raghavan R, Harrison IJ, Jähnig SC, Vollmer D, Carpenter S. Can the planetary health concept save freshwater biodiversity and ecosystems? Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e2-e3. [PMID: 38199718 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Abigail J Lynch
- United States Geological Survey, National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA
| | - David Tickner
- World Wide Fund-UK, Living Planet Centre, Woking, UK
| | | | - Tatenda Dalu
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, South Africa
| | - Kathryn J Fiorella
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rajeev Raghavan
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Ian J Harrison
- Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Department Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Steve Carpenter
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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9
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Carbajal A, Lawrence MJ, Gilmour KM, Lopez-Bejar M, Cooke SJ. Evaluation of the effects of exogenous cortisol manipulation and the glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, on the exploratory tendency of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:1187-1198. [PMID: 37819483 PMCID: PMC10757703 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fishes, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis leads to an elevation of circulating cortisol levels as a primary stress response. While acute elevation of cortisol is generally beneficial, long-term elevation, a common characteristic of chronic stress, may lead to detrimental effects on health and physiological performance in fishes. Some stress-mediated behavioural shifts, such as variation along the shy-boldness axis in fish, may influence individual fitness. The present study evaluated the role of cortisol and its mechanisms of action in the exploratory behaviour of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Fish were implanted with cocoa butter alone (sham treatment), or cocoa butter containing cortisol, or cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU486. A control (untreated) group was also used. Animals were held for 48 h following treatment and then were subjected to a Z-maze trial to characterize the exploratory behaviour. Cortisol treatment had no measurable effect on the exploratory behaviour of bluegill sunfish. Despite presenting a higher probability of refuge emergence, fish treated with cortisol combined with RU486 behaved similarly to cortisol-treated and control groups. While these results suggest that cortisol may not be involved in the mechanisms controlling boldness, the influence of cortisol elevation across longer time periods plus validation in different contexts will be necessary to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïs Carbajal
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael J Lawrence
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Manel Lopez-Bejar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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10
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Ekström A, Hendriks B, Van Wert JC, Gilbert MJH, Farrell AP, Cooke SJ, Patterson DA, Hinch SG, Eliason EJ. Impairing cardiac oxygen supply in swimming coho salmon compromises their heart function and tolerance to acute warming. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21204. [PMID: 38040741 PMCID: PMC10692232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic warming elevates mortality for many salmonid populations during their physically challenging up-river spawning migrations, yet, the mechanisms underlying the increased mortality remain elusive. One hypothesis posits that a cardiac oxygen insufficiency impairs the heart's capacity to pump sufficient oxygen to body tissues to sustain up-river swimming, especially in warm water when oxygen availability declines and cardiac and whole-animal oxygen demand increases. We tested this hypothesis by measuring cardiac and metabolic (cardiorespiratory) performance, and assessing the upper thermal tolerance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during sustained swimming and acute warming. By surgically ligating the coronary artery, which naturally accumulates arteriosclerotic lesions in migrating salmon, we partially impaired oxygen supply to the heart. Coronary ligation caused drastic cardiac impairment during swimming, even at benign temperatures, and substantially constrained cardiorespiratory performance during swimming and progressive warming compared to sham-operated control fish. Furthermore, upper thermal tolerance during swimming was markedly reduced (by 4.4 °C) following ligation. While the cardiorespiratory capacity of female salmon was generally lower at higher temperatures compared to males, upper thermal tolerance during swimming was similar between sexes within treatment groups. Cardiac oxygen supply is a crucial determinant for the migratory capacity of salmon facing climatic environmental warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ekström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Brian Hendriks
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jacey C Van Wert
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9620, USA
| | - Matthew J H Gilbert
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott G Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9620, USA
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11
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Little AG, Dressler T, Kraskura K, Hardison E, Hendriks B, Prystay T, Farrell AP, Cooke SJ, Patterson DA, Hinch SG, Eliason EJ. Maxed Out: Optimizing Accuracy, Precision, and Power for Field Measures of Maximum Metabolic Rate in Fishes. Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 93:243-254. [PMID: 32293978 DOI: 10.1086/708673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Both laboratory and field respirometry are rapidly growing techniques to determine animal performance thresholds. However, replicating protocols to estimate maximum metabolic rate (MMR) between species, populations, and individuals can be difficult, especially in the field. We therefore evaluated seven different exercise treatments-four laboratory methods involving a swim tunnel (critical swim speed [Ucrit], Ucrit postswim fatigue, maximum swim speed [Umax], and Umax postswim fatigue) and three field-based chasing methods (3-min chase with 1-min air exposure, 3-min chase with no air exposure, and chase to exhaustion)-in adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) as a case study to determine best general practices for measuring and quantifying MMR in fish. We found that all seven methods were highly comparable and that chase treatments represent a valuable field alternative to swim tunnels. Moreover, we caution that the type of test and duration of measurement windows used to calculate MMR can have significant effects on estimates of MMR and statistical power for each approach.
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12
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Jeanson AL, Madden JC, Ekström A, Danylchuk AJ, Young N, Howarth A, Twardek WM, Twibell RG, Root RP, Hanson KC, Cooke SJ. Bioenergetic consequences of repeated catch-and-release fisheries interactions on adult steelhead across a range of ecologically relevant water temperatures. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111469. [PMID: 37468090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The biological consequences of catch-and-release angling have been studied for decades, yet little is known about the compounding effects of repeated recreational fisheries recaptures on the physiology and behaviour of angled fish. Using heart rate biologgers and behavioural assays, this study investigated the physiological and behavioural consequences of multiple simulated angling events (i.e., repeated stressors) on female steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), under current (6 °C) and future (11 °C) water temperature scenarios. While steelhead in the warmer water temperature scenario demonstrated alterations in cardiac function (e.g., increases in maximum heart rate and scope of heart rate) and evidence of behavioural impairments (e.g., decreases in chase activity and landing time) over the course of two simulated angling events, cold water treated fish had negligible change. Fish subjected to two simulated angling events under warm water temperature conditions tended to demonstrate an increase in recovery time and scope for heart rate, and a decrease in resting heart rate. A second experiment was conducted to test for sex-specific differences in the heart rate response of steelhead subjected to an increase in water temperature. Females demonstrated a higher scope for heart rate when compared to males during the event and during recovery. More work is needed to better understand the interaction between multiple angling events and recovery from these events at various water temperatures, and the biological basis for sex-specific differences in cardiac function and response to challenges. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence on the effects of repeated stressors on wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Jeanson
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. https://twitter.com/AmandaJeanson
| | - Jamie C Madden
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Andreas Ekström
- Department of biological and environmental sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Andrew Howarth
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ronald G Twibell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, 1440 Abernathy Creek Road, Longview, WA 98632, USA
| | - Roger P Root
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abernathy Fish Technology Center, 1440 Abernathy Creek Road, Longview, WA 98632, USA
| | - Kyle C Hanson
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region, Fish and Aquatic Conservation, 11th Ave., Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. https://twitter.com/SJC_fishy
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13
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Reid CH, Cooke SJ. Tensile strength and knot security of five suture materials exposed to natural summer conditions of a temperate lake. J Aquat Anim Health 2023; 35:143-153. [PMID: 36934298 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wild fish and other aquatic ectotherms are often subjected to procedures during field research that require wound closure using sutures. A variety of absorbable sutures are available for such purposes, yet degradation processes are highly dependent on temperature, and the environments in which wild ectotherms are released are almost always colder than the conditions for which absorbable sutures are typically designed (i.e., ~37°C). We therefore studied the degradation of various suture materials under a set of biologically relevant conditions for temperate freshwater fish. METHODS Using a force gauge, we tested the tensile strengths and knot securities of loops tied with five different absorbable suture materials (PDS-II, dyed coated Vicryl, undyed coated Vicryl, plain gut, and chromic gut) prior to and during submersion in a temperate lake over an 8-week period. RESULT The naturally derived collagen-based suture materials (i.e., plain gut and chromic gut) exhibited major decreases in tensile strength within 2 weeks of submersion but maintained relatively high knot security throughout the study period. The synthetic suture loops had poorer initial knot securities that increased following submersion and showed little to no evidence of degradation after 8 weeks. CONCLUSION Variable rates of absorbable suture degradation, or lack thereof, were observed. We discuss the implications of these trends for fish welfare considerations such as suture retention, wound healing, inflammation, and infection under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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14
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DePasquale SW, Howell BE, Navarroli G, Jeffries KM, Cooke SJ, Wijenayake S, Jeffrey JD, Hasler CT. Are the effects of catch-and-release angling evident in changes to mRNA abundances related to metabolism, acid-base regulation and stress in lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) gills? Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad065. [PMID: 37637261 PMCID: PMC10452961 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Catch-and-release (C&R) angling is a conservation-oriented practice intended to reduce the impact recreational angling has on fish populations. Even though most recreationally angled fish are released, little is known about how C&R angling impacts fish at the cellular or tissue level. As the first to explore the impacts of C&R angling on mRNA abundances, our study aimed to identify how the stress of angling influenced metabolism, acid-base regulation and cellular stress in the gills of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Because gills are responsible for metabolic gas exchange, are crucial sites of acid-base homeostasis and respond to stressors quickly, we hypothesized that the relative mRNA abundance of genes related to these three physiological processes would be altered after angling. We took gill samples of live lake trout at 0, 2 or 48 h after fish were angled by rod and reel, and then used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to measure the relative abundance of nine candidate mRNA transcripts. Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA levels significantly increased over 5-fold 2 h after angling, indicating a potential activation of a cytoprotective response. However, contrary to our hypothesis, we observed no change in the relative mRNA abundance of genes related to metabolism or acid-base regulation in response to C&R angling within a 48-h period. As C&R angling can negatively impact fish populations, further use of transcript-level studies will allow us to understand the impact C&R has on specific tissues and improve our knowledge of how C&R influences overall fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W DePasquale
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Bradley E Howell
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Giulio Navarroli
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Kenneth M Jeffries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Sanoji Wijenayake
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Jennifer D Jeffrey
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
| | - Caleb T Hasler
- Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9
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15
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Elvidge CK, Brittain C, Szekeres P, Thomas C, Cooke SJ. A field test of the "graveyard hypothesis" reveals avoidance of chemical but not visual cues in Bahamian queen conch (Aliger gigas). Behav Processes 2023:104914. [PMID: 37421998 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Queen conch (Aliger gigas) are large gastropod molluscs harvested for their meat, shells, and pearls and as they are generally easy to collect by hand, they are vulnerable to overfishing. In The Bahamas, fishers often clean (or "knock") their catch and dispose of the shells away from collection sites, forming midden heaps or "graveyards". Although queen conch are motile and found throughout shallow water habitats, live animals are rarely observed in the vicinity of middens, giving rise to a common belief that conch actively avoid graveyards, possibly by moving offshore. Here, we experimentally evaluated avoidance behaviours of queen conch to chemical (tissue homogenate) and visual (shells) cues indicative of harvesting activity using replicated aggregations of six size-selected small (< 14cm shell length) and large (> 14cm) conch at Eleuthera Island. Large conch were consistently more likely to move, and to move farther, than small conch, independent of treatment. Small conch, however, demonstrated greater occurrence of movement in response to chemical cues vs seawater controls, while conch of both sizes demonstrated equivocal responses to visual cues. Collectively, these observations suggest that more economically desirable large conch may be less vulnerable to capture during successive harvest events than smaller juveniles due to their greater propensity to move, and that chemical cues consistent with damage-released alarm cues may play a greater role in eliciting avoidance behaviour than the visual cues typically associated with queen conch graveyards. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data and R code are archived and freely available at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/x8t7p/; DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/X8T7P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K Elvidge
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6.
| | - Candice Brittain
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, PO Box EL-26029, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Petra Szekeres
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Claire Thomas
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, PO Box EL-26029, Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6
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16
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Seebacher F, Narayan E, Rummer JL, Tomlinson S, Cooke SJ. How can physiology best contribute to wildlife conservation in a warming world? Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad038. [PMID: 37287992 PMCID: PMC10243909 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5°C by 2033 and 2°C by the end of the 21st century. This level of warming and the associated environmental variability are already increasing pressure on natural and human systems. Here we emphasize the role of physiology in the light of the latest assessment of climate warming by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We describe how physiology can contribute to contemporary conservation programmes. We focus on thermal responses of animals, but we acknowledge that the impacts of climate change are much broader phylogenetically and environmentally. A physiological contribution would encompass environmental monitoring, coupled with measuring individual sensitivities to temperature change and upscaling these to ecosystem level. The latest version of the widely accepted Conservation Standards designed by the Conservation Measures Partnership includes several explicit climate change considerations. We argue that physiology has a unique role to play in addressing these considerations. Moreover, physiology can be incorporated by institutions and organizations that range from international bodies to national governments and to local communities, and in doing so, it brings a mechanistic approach to conservation and the management of biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- Corresponding author: School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Edward Narayan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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17
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Britton JR, Pinder AC, Alós J, Arlinghaus R, Danylchuk AJ, Edwards W, Freire KMF, Gundelund C, Hyder K, Jarić I, Lennox R, Lewin WC, Lynch AJ, Midway SR, Potts WM, Ryan KL, Skov C, Strehlow HV, Tracey SR, Tsuboi JI, Venturelli PA, Weir JL, Weltersbach MS, Cooke SJ. Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by recreational anglers: considerations for developing more resilient and sustainable fisheries. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37360579 PMCID: PMC10227408 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many jurisdictions implementing orders restricting the movements of people to inhibit virus transmission, with recreational angling often either not permitted or access to fisheries and/or related infrastructure being prevented. Following the lifting of restrictions, initial angler surveys and licence sales suggested increased participation and effort, and altered angler demographics, but with evidence remaining limited. Here, we overcome this evidence gap by identifying temporal changes in angling interest, licence sales, and angling effort in world regions by comparing data in the 'pre-pandemic' (up to and including 2019); 'acute pandemic' (2020) and 'COVID-acclimated' (2021) periods. We then identified how changes can inform the development of more resilient and sustainable recreational fisheries. Interest in angling (measured here as angling-related internet search term volumes) increased substantially in all regions during 2020. Patterns in licence sales revealed marked increases in some countries during 2020 but not in others. Where licence sales increased, this was rarely sustained in 2021; where there were declines, these related to fewer tourist anglers due to movement restrictions. Data from most countries indicated a younger demographic of people who participated in angling in 2020, including in urban areas, but this was not sustained in 2021. These short-lived changes in recreational angling indicate efforts to retain younger anglers could increase overall participation levels, where efforts can target education in appropriate angling practices and create more urban angling opportunities. These efforts would then provide recreational fisheries with greater resilience to cope with future global crises, including facilitating the ability of people to access angling opportunities during periods of high societal stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-023-09784-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, BH12 5BB UK
| | - Adrian C. Pinder
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, BH12 5BB UK
| | - Josep Alós
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC–UIB), Esporles, Spain
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Univesität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Wendy Edwards
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT Suffolk UK
| | - Kátia M. F. Freire
- Department of Fisheries Engineering and Aquaculture, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, Rua Mal. Rondon S/N, Jardim Rosa Elze São Cristóvão, Sergipe CEP 49100-000 Brazil
| | - Casper Gundelund
- Section of Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT Suffolk UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ Norfolk UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 12 Rue 128, 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Lennox
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research and at the Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wolf-Christian Lewin
- Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Alter Hafen Süd 2, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Abigail J. Lynch
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Adaptation Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive MS 516, Reston, VA 20192 USA
| | - Stephen R. Midway
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - Warren M. Potts
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda, 6140 South Africa
| | - Karina L. Ryan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys, WA 6025 Australia
| | - Christian Skov
- Section of Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Harry V. Strehlow
- Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Alter Hafen Süd 2, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sean R. Tracey
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart7001, TAS Australia
- Centre For Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart7001, TAS Australia
| | - Jun-ichi Tsuboi
- Research Center for Freshwater Fisheries, Japan Fish Res and Education Agency, Nikko, 321-1661 Japan
| | | | - Jessica L. Weir
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47304 USA
| | | | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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18
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Cooke SJ, Cook CN, Nguyen VM, Walsh JC, Young N, Cvitanovic C, Grainger MJ, Randall NP, Muir M, Kadykalo AN, Monk KA, Pullin AS. Environmental evidence in action: on the science and practice of evidence synthesis and evidence-based decision-making. Environ Evid 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 37220478 PMCID: PMC10191815 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-023-00302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best available evidence. Yet, it is widely known that there are many barriers that limit the extent to which that occurs. One way to overcome these barriers is via robust, comprehensive, transparent and repeatable evidence syntheses (such as systematic reviews) that attempt to minimize various forms of bias to present a summary of existing knowledge for decision-making purposes. Relative to other disciplines (e.g., health care, education), such evidence-based decision-making remains relatively nascent for environment management despite major threats to humanity, such as the climate, pollution and biodiversity crises demonstrating that human well-being is inextricably linked to the biophysical environment. Fortunately, there are a growing number of environmental evidence syntheses being produced that can be used by decision makers. It is therefore an opportune time to reflect on the science and practice of evidence-based decision-making in environment management to understand the extent to which evidence syntheses are embraced and applied in practice. Here we outline a number of key questions related to the use of environmental evidence that need to be explored in an effort to enhance evidence-based decision-making. There is an urgent need for research involving methods from social science, behavioural sciences, and public policy to understand the basis for patterns and trends in environmental evidence use (or misuse or ignorance). There is also a need for those who commission and produce evidence syntheses, as well as the end users of these syntheses to reflect on their experiences and share them with the broader evidence-based practice community to identify needs and opportunities for advancing the entire process of evidence-based practice. It is our hope that the ideas shared here will serve as a roadmap for additional scholarship that will collectively enhance evidence-based decision-making and ultimately benefit the environment and humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Vivian M. Nguyen
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jessica C. Walsh
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, 20 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Matthew J. Grainger
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research-NINA, Torgarden, 5685, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicola P. Randall
- Centre for Evidence Based Agriculture, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB UK
| | - Matt Muir
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803 USA
| | - Andrew N. Kadykalo
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 111 Lakeshore Blvd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Kathryn A. Monk
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Andrew S. Pullin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2DG UK
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19
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Schneider E, Zuckerman ZC, Talwar BS, Cooke SJ, Schultz AD, Suski CD. Aerobic response to thermal stress across ontogeny and habitats in a teleost fish. J Fish Biol 2023. [PMID: 37178385 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Near-future climate change projections predict an increase in sea surface temperature that is expected to have significant and rapid effects on marine ectotherms, potentially affecting a number of critical life processes. Also, some habitats undergo more thermal variability than others and the inhabitants thereof must be more tolerant to acute periods of extreme temperatures. Mitigation of these outcomes may occur through acclimation, plasticity, or adaptation, although the rate and extent of a species' ability to adjust to warmer temperatures is largely unknown, specifically as it pertains to effects on various performance metrics in fishes that inhabit multiple habitats throughout ontogenetic stages. Here, the thermal tolerance and aerobic performance of schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus Walbaum, 1792) collected from two different habitats were experimentally assessed under different warming scenarios (temperature treatments = 30, 33, 35, 36° C) to assess vulnerability to an imminently changing thermal habitat. Larger subadult and adult fish collected from a 12 m deep coral reef exhibited a lower critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) compared to smaller juvenile fish collected from a 1 m deep mangrove creek. However, CTmax of the creek-sampled fish was only 2° C above the maximum water temperature measured in the habitat from which they were collected, compared to a CTmax that was 8° C higher in the reef-sampled fish, resulting in a wider thermal safety margin at the reef site. A GLM showed a marginally significant effect of temperature treatment on resting metabolic rate (RMR) but there were no effects on any of the tested factors on maximum metabolic rate (MMR) or absolute aerobic scope (AAS). Post-hoc tests revealed that RMR was significantly higher for creek-collected fish at the 36° C treatment and significantly higher for reef-collected fish at 35° C. Swimming performance (measured by critical swimming speed [Ucrit ]) was significantly lower at the highest temperature treatment for creek-collected fish and trended down with each successive increase in temperature treatment for reef-collected fish. These results show that metabolic rate and swimming performance responses to thermal challenges are somewhat consistent across collection habitats, and this species may be susceptible to unique types of thermal risk depending on its habitat. We show the importance of intraspecific studies that couple habitat profiles and performance metrics to better understand possible outcomes under thermal stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B S Talwar
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S J Cooke
- Carleton University, Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A D Schultz
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - C D Suski
- University of Illinois Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Champaign, IL, USA
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20
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Reeve C, Robichaud JA, Fernandes T, Bates AE, Bramburger AJ, Brownscombe JW, Davy CM, Henry HAL, McMeans BC, Moise ERD, Sharma S, Smith PA, Studd EK, O’Sullivan A, Sutton AO, Templer PH, Cooke SJ. Applied winter biology: threats, conservation and management of biological resources during winter in cold climate regions. Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad027. [PMID: 37179705 PMCID: PMC10170328 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter at high latitudes is characterized by low temperatures, dampened light levels and short photoperiods which shape ecological and evolutionary outcomes from cells to populations to ecosystems. Advances in our understanding of winter biological processes (spanning physiology, behaviour and ecology) highlight that biodiversity threats (e.g. climate change driven shifts in reproductive windows) may interact with winter conditions, leading to greater ecological impacts. As such, conservation and management strategies that consider winter processes and their consequences on biological mechanisms may lead to greater resilience of high altitude and latitude ecosystems. Here, we use well-established threat and action taxonomies produced by the International Union of Conservation of Nature-Conservation Measures Partnership (IUCN-CMP) to synthesize current threats to biota that emerge during, or as the result of, winter processes then discuss targeted management approaches for winter-based conservation. We demonstrate the importance of considering winter when identifying threats to biodiversity and deciding on appropriate management strategies across species and ecosystems. We confirm our expectation that threats are prevalent during the winter and are especially important considering the physiologically challenging conditions that winter presents. Moreover, our findings emphasize that climate change and winter-related constraints on organisms will intersect with other stressors to potentially magnify threats and further complicate management. Though conservation and management practices are less commonly considered during the winter season, we identified several potential or already realized applications relevant to winter that could be beneficial. Many of the examples are quite recent, suggesting a potential turning point for applied winter biology. This growing body of literature is promising but we submit that more research is needed to identify and address threats to wintering biota for targeted and proactive conservation. We suggest that management decisions consider the importance of winter and incorporate winter specific strategies for holistic and mechanistic conservation and resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Reeve
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jessica A Robichaud
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Timothy Fernandes
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Andrew J Bramburger
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christina M Davy
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hugh A L Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Bailey C McMeans
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Eric R D Moise
- Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, 26 University Drive, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul A Smith
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Emily K Studd
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Antóin O’Sullivan
- Biology Department, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 550 Windsor St., Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Alex O Sutton
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UR, UK
| | - Pamela H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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21
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Desforges JE, Birnie-Gauvin K, Jutfelt F, Gilmour KM, Eliason EJ, Dressler TL, McKenzie DJ, Bates AE, Lawrence MJ, Fangue N, Cooke SJ. The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes. J Fish Biol 2023; 102:1000-1016. [PMID: 36880500 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal maxima methodology (CTM) has been used to infer acute upper thermal tolerance in fishes since the 1950s, yet its ecological relevance remains debated. In this study, the authors synthesize evidence to identify methodological concerns and common misconceptions that have limited the interpretation of critical thermal maximum (CTmax ; value for an individual fish during one trial) in ecological and evolutionary studies of fishes. They identified limitations of, and opportunities for, using CTmax as a metric in experiments, focusing on rates of thermal ramping, acclimation regimes, thermal safety margins, methodological endpoints, links to performance traits and repeatability. Care must be taken when interpreting CTM in ecological contexts, because the protocol was originally designed for ecotoxicological research with standardized methods to facilitate comparisons within study individuals, across species and contexts. CTM can, however, be used in ecological contexts to predict impacts of environmental warming, but only if parameters influencing thermal limits, such as acclimation temperature or rate of thermal ramping, are taken into account. Applications can include mitigating the effects of climate change, informing infrastructure planning or modelling species distribution, adaptation and/or performance in response to climate-related temperature change. The authors' synthesis points to several key directions for future research that will further aid the application and interpretation of CTM data in ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Desforges
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erika J Eliason
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Terra L Dressler
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nann Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Lawrence MJ, Prystay TS, Dick M, Eliason EJ, Elvidge CK, Hinch SG, Patterson DA, Lotto AG, Cooke SJ. Metabolic constraints and individual variation shape the trade-off between physiological recovery and anti-predator responses in adult sockeye salmon. J Fish Biol 2023. [PMID: 37102404 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic scope represents the aerobic energy budget available to an organism to perform non-maintenance activities (e.g., escape a predator, recover from a fisheries interaction, compete for a mate). Conflicting energetic requirements can give rise to ecologically relevant metabolic trade-offs when energy budgeting is constrained. The objective of this study was to investigate how aerobic energy is utilized when individual sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) are exposed to multiple acute stressors. To indirectly assess metabolic changes in free-swimming individuals, salmon were implanted with heart rate biologgers. The animals were then exercised to exhaustion or briefly handled as a control, and allowed to recover from this stressor for 48 h. During the first 2 h of the recovery period, individual salmon were exposed to 90 ml of conspecific alarm cues or water as a control. Heart rate was recorded throughout the recovery period. Recovery effort and time was higher in exercised fish, relative to control fish, whereas exposure to an alarm cue had no effect on either of these metrics. Individual routine heart rate was negatively correlated with recovery time and effort. Together, these findings suggest that metabolic energy allocation towards exercise recovery (i.e., an acute stressor; handling, chase, etc.) trumps anti-predator responses in salmon, although individual variation may mediate this effect at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lawrence
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya S Prystay
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Dick
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Chris K Elvidge
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott G Hinch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew G Lotto
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Cooke SJ, Madliger CL, Lennox RJ, Olden JD, Eliason EJ, Cramp RL, Fuller A, Franklin CE, Seebacher F. Biological mechanisms matter in contemporary wildlife conservation. iScience 2023; 26:106192. [PMID: 36895647 PMCID: PMC9988666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Given limited resources for wildlife conservation paired with an urgency to halt declines and rebuild populations, it is imperative that management actions are tactical and effective. Mechanisms are about how a system works and can inform threat identification and mitigation such that conservation actions that work can be identified. Here, we call for a more mechanistic approach to wildlife conservation and management where behavioral and physiological tools and knowledge are used to characterize drivers of decline, identify environmental thresholds, reveal strategies that would restore populations, and prioritize conservation actions. With a growing toolbox for doing mechanistic conservation research as well as a suite of decision-support tools (e.g., mechanistic models), the time is now to fully embrace the concept that mechanisms matter in conservation ensuring that management actions are tactical and focus on actions that have the potential to directly benefit and restore wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Christine L. Madliger
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Robert J. Lennox
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, USA
| | - Erika J. Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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24
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Brownscombe JW, Midwood JD, Doka SE, Cooke SJ. Telemetry-based spatial-temporal fish habitat models for fishes in an urban freshwater harbour. Hydrobiologia 2023; 850:1779-1800. [PMID: 37063494 PMCID: PMC10089985 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-023-05180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fish habitat associations are important measures for effective aquatic habitat management, but often vary over broad spatial and temporal scales, and are therefore challenging to measure comprehensively. We used a 9-year acoustic telemetry dataset to generate spatial-temporal habitat suitability models for seven fish species in an urban freshwater harbour, Toronto Harbour, Lake Ontario. Fishes generally occupied the more natural regions of Toronto Harbour most frequently. However, each species exhibited unique habitat associations and spatial-temporal interactions in their habitat use. For example, largemouth bass exhibited the most consistent seasonal habitat use, mainly associating with shallow, sheltered embayments with high aquatic vegetation (SAV) cover. Conversely, walleye seldom occupied Toronto Harbour in summer, with the highest occupancy of shallow, low-SAV habitats in the spring, which corresponds to their spawning period. Others, such as common carp, shifted between shallow summer and deeper winter habitats. Community level spatial-temporal habitat importance estimates were also generated, which can serve as an aggregate measure for habitat management. Acoustic telemetry provides novel opportunities to generate robust spatial-temporal fish habitat models based on wild fish behaviour, which are useful for the management of fish habitat from a fish species and community perspective. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-023-05180-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Midwood
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Susan E. Doka
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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25
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Zolderdo AJ, Abrams AEI, Lawrence MJ, Reid CH, Suski CD, Gilmour KM, Cooke SJ. Freshwater protected areas can preserve high-performance phenotypes in populations of a popular sportfish. Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad004. [PMID: 36937992 PMCID: PMC10019442 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fishing has the potential to cause evolutionary change in fish populations; a phenomenon referred to as fisheries-induced evolution. However, detecting and quantifying the magnitude of recreational fisheries selection in the wild is inherently difficult, largely owing to the challenges associated with variation in environmental factors and, in most cases, the absence of pre-selection or baseline data against which comparisons can be made. However, exploration of recreational fisheries selection in wild populations may be possible in systems where fisheries exclusion zones exist. Lakes that possess intra-lake freshwater protected areas (FPAs) can provide investigative opportunities to evaluate the evolutionary impact(s) of differing fisheries management strategies within the same waterbody. To address this possibility, we evaluated how two physiological characteristics (metabolic phenotype and stress responsiveness) as well as a proxy for angling vulnerability, catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), differed between populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) inhabiting long-standing (>70 years active) intra-lake FPAs and adjacent, open access, main-lake areas. Fish from FPA populations had significantly higher aerobic scope (AS) capacity (13%) and CPUE rates compared with fish inhabiting the adjacent main-lake areas. These findings are consistent with theory and empirical evidence linking exploitation with reduced metabolic performance, supporting the hypothesis that recreational fishing may be altering the metabolic phenotype of wild fish populations. Reductions in AS are concerning because they suggest a reduced scope for carrying out essential life-history activities, which may result in fitness level implications. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential for unexploited FPA populations to serve as benchmarks to further investigate the evolutionary consequences of recreational fishing on wild fish and to preserve high-performance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Zolderdo
- Correspondence: Aaron Zolderdo, Queen's University Biological Station, 280 Queen's University Rd., Elgin, ON, Canada K0G 1E0.
| | - A E I Abrams
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M J Lawrence
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C H Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K M Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Muir AM, Bernhardt JR, Boucher NW, Cvitanovic C, Dettmers JM, Gaden M, Hinderer JLM, Locke B, Robinson KF, Siefkes MJ, Young N, Cooke SJ. Confronting a post-pandemic new-normal-threats and opportunities to trust-based relationships in natural resource science and management. J Environ Manage 2023; 330:117140. [PMID: 36603252 PMCID: PMC9809200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural resource governance is inherently complex owing to the socio-ecological systems in which it is embedded. Working arrangements have been fundamentally transformed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic with potential negative impacts on trust-based social networks foundational to resource management and transboundary governance. To inform development of a post-pandemic new-normal in resource management, we examined trust relationships using the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America as a case study. 82.9% (n = 97/117) of Great Lakes fishery managers and scientists surveyed indicated that virtual engagement was effective for maintaining well-established relationships during the pandemic; however, 76.7% (n = 89/116) of respondents indicated in-person engagement to be more effective than virtual engagement for building and maintaining trust. Despite some shortcomings, virtual or remote engagement presents opportunities, such as: (1) care and nurturing of well-established long-term relationships; (2) short-term (1-3 years) trust maintenance; (3) peer-peer or mentor-mentee coordination; (4) supplemental communications; (5) producer-push knowledge dissemination; and, if done thoughtfully, (6) enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion. Without change, pre-pandemic trust-based relationships foundational to cooperative, multinational, resource management are under threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Muir
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - J R Bernhardt
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - N W Boucher
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - C Cvitanovic
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - J M Dettmers
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - M Gaden
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - J L M Hinderer
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - B Locke
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Wheatley, Ontario, N0P 1A0, Canada
| | - K F Robinson
- Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - M J Siefkes
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - N Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
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27
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Cooke SJ, Fulton EA, Sauer WHH, Lynch AJ, Link JS, Koning AA, Jena J, Silva LGM, King AJ, Kelly R, Osborne M, Nakamura J, Preece AL, Hagiwara A, Forsberg K, Kellner JB, Coscia I, Helyar S, Barange M, Nyboer E, Williams MJ, Chuenpagdee R, Begg GA, Gillanders BM. Towards vibrant fish populations and sustainable fisheries that benefit all: learning from the last 30 years to inform the next 30 years. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2023; 33:317-347. [PMID: 37122954 PMCID: PMC9985478 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A common goal among fisheries science professionals, stakeholders, and rights holders is to ensure the persistence and resilience of vibrant fish populations and sustainable, equitable fisheries in diverse aquatic ecosystems, from small headwater streams to offshore pelagic waters. Achieving this goal requires a complex intersection of science and management, and a recognition of the interconnections among people, place, and fish that govern these tightly coupled socioecological and sociotechnical systems. The World Fisheries Congress (WFC) convenes every four years and provides a unique global forum to debate and discuss threats, issues, and opportunities facing fish populations and fisheries. The 2021 WFC meeting, hosted remotely in Adelaide, Australia, marked the 30th year since the first meeting was held in Athens, Greece, and provided an opportunity to reflect on progress made in the past 30 years and provide guidance for the future. We assembled a diverse team of individuals involved with the Adelaide WFC and reflected on the major challenges that faced fish and fisheries over the past 30 years, discussed progress toward overcoming those challenges, and then used themes that emerged during the Congress to identify issues and opportunities to improve sustainability in the world's fisheries for the next 30 years. Key future needs and opportunities identified include: rethinking fisheries management systems and modelling approaches, modernizing and integrating assessment and information systems, being responsive and flexible in addressing persistent and emerging threats to fish and fisheries, mainstreaming the human dimension of fisheries, rethinking governance, policy and compliance, and achieving equity and inclusion in fisheries. We also identified a number of cross-cutting themes including better understanding the role of fish as nutrition in a hungry world, adapting to climate change, embracing transdisciplinarity, respecting Indigenous knowledge systems, thinking ahead with foresight science, and working together across scales. By reflecting on the past and thinking about the future, we aim to provide guidance for achieving our mutual goal of sustaining vibrant fish populations and sustainable fisheries that benefit all. We hope that this prospective thinking can serve as a guide to (i) assess progress towards achieving this lofty goal and (ii) refine our path with input from new and emerging voices and approaches in fisheries science, management, and stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, 7001 TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS Australia
| | - Warwick H. H. Sauer
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Abigail J. Lynch
- National Climate Adaptation Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192 USA
| | - Jason S. Link
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Aaron A. Koning
- Global Water Center, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Joykrushna Jena
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Luiz G. M. Silva
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alison J. King
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Wodonga, 3690 Vic Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001 TAS Australia
| | - Matthew Osborne
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, 0800 NT Australia
| | - Julia Nakamura
- Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance, University of Strathclyde Law School, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521 Japan
| | | | - Julie B. Kellner
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Falmouth, MA 02453 USA
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1553 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilaria Coscia
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT UK
| | - Sarah Helyar
- School of Biological Sciences/Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Barange
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale Delle Terme Di Caracalla S/N, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Nyboer
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | | | - Ratana Chuenpagdee
- Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NFLD Canada
| | - Gavin A. Begg
- Department of Primary Industries and Regions, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, 5022 SA Australia
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28
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Lawrence MJ, Scheuffele H, Beever SB, Holder PE, Garroway CJ, Cooke SJ, Clark TD. The Role of Metabolic Phenotype in the Capacity to Balance Competing Energetic Demands. Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 96:106-118. [PMID: 36921270 DOI: 10.1086/722478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGiven the critical role of metabolism in the life history of all organisms, there is particular interest in understanding the relationship between individual metabolic phenotypes and the capacity to partition energy into competing life history traits. Such relationships could be predictive of individual phenotypic performances throughout life. Here, we were specifically interested in whether an individual fish's metabolic phenotype can shape its propensity to feed following a significant stressor (2-min exhaustive exercise challenge). Such a relationship would provide insight into previous intraspecific observations linking high metabolism with faster growth. Using a teleost fish, the barramundi (Lates calcarifer), we predicted that individuals with high standard metabolic rates (SMRs) and maximal metabolic rates (MMRs) would be faster to recover and resume feeding after exercise. Contrary to our prediction, neither SMR nor MMR was correlated with latency to feed after exercise (food was offered at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 18 h after exercise). Only time after exercise and individual fish ID were significant predictors of latency to feed. Measurements of MMR from the same individuals (three measurements spaced 8-12 d apart) revealed a moderate degree of repeatability (R=0.319). We propose that interindividual differences in biochemical and endocrine processes may be more influential than whole-organism metabolic phenotype in mediating feeding latency after exercise.
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29
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Birnie‐Gauvin K, Lynch AJ, Franklin PA, Reid AJ, Landsman SJ, Tickner D, Dalton J, Aarestrup K, Cooke SJ. The
RACE
for freshwater biodiversity: Essential actions to create the social context for meaningful conservation. Conservat Sci and Prac 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Birnie‐Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Denmark
| | - Abigail J. Lynch
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center Maryland USA
| | - Paul A. Franklin
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research New Zealand
| | - Andrea J. Reid
- Centre for Indigenous Fisheries, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Canada
| | - Sean J. Landsman
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | | | - James Dalton
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Switzerland
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute for Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Denmark
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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30
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Ednie G, Kapoor T, Koppel O, Piczak ML, Reid JL, Murdoch AD, Cook CN, Sutherland WJ, Cooke SJ. Foresight science in conservation: Tools, barriers, and mainstreaming opportunities. Ambio 2023; 52:411-424. [PMID: 36287382 PMCID: PMC9607712 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Foresight science is a systematic approach to generate future predictions for planning and management by drawing upon analytical and predictive tools to understand the past and present, while providing insights about the future. To illustrate the application of foresight science in conservation, we present three case studies: identification of emerging risks to conservation, conservation of at-risk species, and aid in the development of management strategies for multiple stressors. We highlight barriers to mainstreaming foresight science in conservation including knowledge accessibility/organization, communication across diverse stakeholders/decision makers, and organizational capacity. Finally, we investigate opportunities for mainstreaming foresight science including continued advocacy to showcase its application, incorporating emerging technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence) to increase capacity/decrease costs, and increasing education/training in foresight science via specialized courses and curricula for trainees and practicing professionals. We argue that failure to mainstream foresight science will hinder the ability to achieve future conservation objectives in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Ednie
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Tyreen Kapoor
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Olga Koppel
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Morgan L. Piczak
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jessica L. Reid
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Alyssa D. Murdoch
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YK Y1A 0E9 Canada
| | - Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s (BioRISC), St Catharine’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1RL UK
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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Adams A, Danylchuk AJ, Cooke SJ. Conservation connections: incorporating connectivity into management and conservation of flats fishes and their habitats in a multi-stressor world. Environ Biol Fishes 2023; 106:117-130. [PMID: 36686288 PMCID: PMC9847458 DOI: 10.1007/s10641-023-01391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine fisheries and the habitats that support them are under extensive and increasing pressures from numerous anthropogenic stressors that occur at multiple spatial and temporal scales and often intersect in unexpected ways. Frequently, the scales at which these fisheries are managed do not match the scales of the stressors, much less the geographic scale of species biology. In general, fishery management is ill prepared to address these stressors, as underscored by the continuing lack of integration of fisheries and habitat management. However, research of these fisheries is increasingly being conducted at spatial and temporal scales that incorporate biology and ecological connectivity of target species, with growing attention to the foundational role of habitat. These efforts are also increasingly engaging stakeholders and rights holders in research, education, and conservation. This multi-method approach is essential for addressing pressing conservation challenges that are common to flats ecosystems. Flats fisheries occur in the shallow, coastal habitat mosaic that supports fish species that are accessible to and desirable to target by recreational fishers. Because these species rely upon coastal habitats, the anthropogenic stressors can be especially intense-habitat alteration (loss and degradation) and water quality declines are being exacerbated by climate change and increasing direct human impacts (e.g., fishing effort, boat traffic, depredation, pollution). The connections necessary for effective flats conservation are of many modes and include ontogenetic habitat connectivity; connections between stressors and impacts to fishes; connections between research and management, such as research informing spawning area protections; and engagement of stakeholders and rights holders in research, education, and management. The articles included in this Special Issue build upon a growing literature that is filling knowledge gaps for flats fishes and their habitats and increasingly providing the evidence to inform resource management. Indeed, numerous articles in this issue propose or summarize direct application of research findings to management with a focus on current and future conservation challenges. As with many other fisheries, a revised approach to management and conservation is needed in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Adams
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27Th Avenue, Suite 203, Miami, FL 33133 USA
- Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946 USA
| | - Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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Van Wert JC, Hendriks B, Ekström A, Patterson DA, Cooke SJ, Hinch SG, Eliason EJ. Population variability in thermal performance of pre-spawning adult Chinook salmon. Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad022. [PMID: 37152448 PMCID: PMC10157787 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing large declines in many Pacific salmon populations. In particular, warm rivers are associated with high levels of premature mortality in migrating adults. The Fraser River watershed in British Columbia, Canada, supports some of the largest Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) runs in the world. However, the Fraser River is warming at a rate that threatens these populations at critical freshwater life stages. A growing body of literature suggests salmonids are locally adapted to their thermal migratory experience, and thus, population-specific thermal performance information can aid in management decisions. We compared the thermal performance of pre-spawning adult Chinook salmon from two populations, a coastal fall-run from the Chilliwack River (125 km cooler migration) and an interior summer-run from the Shuswap River (565 km warmer migration). We acutely exposed fish to temperatures reflecting current (12°C, 18°C) and future projected temperatures (21°C, 24°C) in the Fraser River and assessed survival, aerobic capacity (resting and maximum metabolic rates, absolute aerobic scope (AAS), muscle and ventricle citrate synthase), anaerobic capacity (muscle and ventricle lactate dehydrogenase) and recovery capacity (post-exercise metabolism, blood physiology, tissue lactate). Chilliwack Chinook salmon performed worse at high temperatures, indicated by elevated mortality, reduced breadth in AAS, enhanced plasma lactate and potassium levels and elevated tissue lactate concentrations compared with Shuswap Chinook salmon. At water temperatures exceeding the upper pejus temperatures (Tpejus, defined here as 80% of maximum AAS) of Chilliwack (18.7°C) and Shuswap (20.2°C) Chinook salmon populations, physiological performance will decline and affect migration and survival to spawn. Our results reveal population differences in pre-spawning Chinook salmon performance across scales of biological organization at ecologically relevant temperatures. Given the rapid warming of rivers, we show that it is critical to consider the intra-specific variation in thermal physiology to assist in the conservation and management of Pacific salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacey C Van Wert
- Corresponding author: Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA.
| | - Brian Hendriks
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andreas Ekström
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Scott G Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
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Nyboer EA, Reid AJ, Jeanson AL, Kelly R, Mackay M, House J, Arnold SM, Simonin PW, Sedanza MGC, Rice ED, Quiros TEAL, Pierucci A, Ortega-Cisneros K, Nakamura JN, Melli V, Mbabazi S, Martins MSL, Ledesma ABB, Obregón C, Labatt CK, Kadykalo AN, Heldsinger M, Green ME, Fuller JL, Franco-Meléndez M, Burnett MJ, Bolin JA, Andrade-Vera S, Cooke SJ. Goals, challenges, and next steps in transdisciplinary fisheries research: perspectives and experiences from early-career researchers. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2023; 33:349-374. [PMID: 35968251 PMCID: PMC9361974 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-022-09719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fisheries are highly complex social-ecological systems that often face 'wicked' problems from unsustainable resource management to climate change. Addressing these challenges requires transdisciplinary approaches that integrate perspectives across scientific disciplines and knowledge systems. Despite widespread calls for transdisciplinary fisheries research (TFR), there are still limitations in personal and institutional capacity to conduct and support this work to the highest potential. The viewpoints of early career researchers (ECRs) in this field can illuminate challenges and promote systemic change within fisheries research. This paper presents the perspectives of ECRs from across the globe, gathered through a virtual workshop held during the 2021 World Fisheries Congress, on goals, challenges, and future potential for TFR. Big picture goals for TFR were guided by principles of co-production and included (i) integrating transdisciplinary thinking at all stages of the research process, (ii) ensuring that research is inclusive and equitable, (iii) co-creating knowledge that is credible, relevant, actionable, and impactful, and (iv) consistently communicating with partners. Institutional inertia, lack of recognition of the extra time and labour required for TFR, and lack of skill development opportunities were identified as three key barriers in conducting TFR. Several critical actions were identified to help ECRs, established researchers, and institutions reach these goals. We encourage ECRs to form peer-mentorship networks to guide each other along the way. We suggest that established researchers ensure consistent mentorship while also giving space to ECR voices. Actions for institutions include retooling education programs, developing and implementing new metrics of impact, and critically examining individualism and privilege in academia. We suggest that the opportunities and actions identified here, if widely embraced now, can enable research that addresses complex challenges facing fishery systems contributing to a healthier future for fish and humans alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Nyboer
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Andrea J. Reid
- Centre for Indigenous Fisheries, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Amanda L. Jeanson
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jenny House
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT 0810 Australia
| | | | - Paul W. Simonin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Mary Grace C. Sedanza
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521 Japan
- Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo Philippines
| | - Emma D. Rice
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - T. E. Angela L. Quiros
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Akkeshi Marine Station, Hokkaido University, Hokkaidô, Japan
| | - Andrea Pierucci
- COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca, Stazione Sperimentale Per Lo Studio Delle Risorse del Mare, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Julia N. Nakamura
- Strathclyde Centre for Environmental Law and Governance (SCELG), University of Strathclyde Law School, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valentina Melli
- DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, North Sea Science Park, 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Stella Mbabazi
- Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mariana S. L. Martins
- Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory (LabPesq), Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil - Praça do Oceanográfico, 11 - sala 107 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Anne Brigette B. Ledesma
- Institute of Fisheries Policy and Development Studies, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, 5023 Miagao, Iloilo Philippines
| | - Clara Obregón
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Chepkemboi K. Labatt
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Rd, Coleraine, BT52 1SA UK
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute-KMFRI, Ocean and Coastal Systems, PO Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Andrew N. Kadykalo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Michael Heldsinger
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
- RPS Group, Oceans and Coastal Sector, Level 2/27-31 Troode St, West Perth, WA 6005 Australia
| | - Madeline E. Green
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jessica L. Fuller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Milagros Franco-Meléndez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias con mención en Manejo de Recursos Acuáticos Renovables, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS-Sur Austral, EPOMAR, Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Matthew J. Burnett
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jessica A. Bolin
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD Australia
| | - Solange Andrade-Vera
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos Islands Ecuador
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Ottawa, ON 4440KK1S 5B6 Canada
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Casselberry GA, Drake JC, Perlot N, Cooke SJ, Danylchuk AJ, Lennox RJ. Allometric Scaling of Anaerobic Capacity Estimated from a Unique Field-Based Data Set of Fish Swimming. Physiol Biochem Zool 2023; 96:17-29. [PMID: 36626841 DOI: 10.1086/722134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLocomotion is a defining characteristic that can dictate many aspects of an organism's life history in the pursuit of maximizing fitness, including escaping predators, capturing prey, and transitioning between habitats. Exhaustive exercise can have negative consequences for both short-term and long-term energetics and life history trade-offs, influencing fish survival and reproduction. Studies of swimming performance and exhaustive exercise in fish are often conducted on individual species, but few multispecies analyses exist and even fewer in field settings. In fish, swimming performance and exercise have historically been studied in the laboratory using swim tunnels, but an increasing body of work in recreational fisheries science provides a novel way to examine swimming capacity and exhaustion. Using fight time, the time it takes for a hooked fish to be landed on rod and reel fishing gear, as an opportunistic proxy for fish exhaustion, a multispecies meta-analysis of data from studies on recreational fisheries was conducted to elucidate the factors that most influence capacity for exhaustive exercise. Data from 39 species of freshwater and marine fish were aggregated, and negative binomial mixed effects models as well as phylogenetic least squares regression were used to identify the factors that most influenced exhaustive exercise in the field. Fish total length, aspect ratio of the caudal fin, and body form were significant factors in explaining the capacity for exhaustive exercise. Large migratory fish with high aspect ratios were able to fight, and therefore exercise, the longest. These results illustrate that body form and physiology are both deeply intertwined to inform function across fish species and point to angling fight time as a useful approximation of fish swimming capabilities that can be further developed for understanding the limits of fish exercise physiology.
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Wilcox AAE, Provencher JF, Henri DA, Alexander SM, Taylor JJ, Cooke SJ, Thomas PJ, Johnson LR. Braiding Indigenous knowledge systems and Western-based sciences in the Alberta oil sands region: A systematic review. Facets (Ott) 2023. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The braiding of Indigenous knowledge systems and Western-based sciences offers insights into ecology and has emerged as a way to help address complex environmental issues. We reviewed the publicly available ecological research involving the braiding of Indigenous knowledge systems and Western-based sciences to support collaborative work in the Alberta oil sands region of Canada. We conducted a systematic review, coding for 78 questions in six categories: (1) literature search and bibliographic information; (2) research themes; (3) study setting and design; (4) knowledge systems; (5) power relationships, colonization, and ethical considerations in research; and (6) benefits and challenges of braiding. We identified six articles that braided knowledge, with those articles focusing on environmental management and monitoring for impacts of industrial activity in northern Alberta. Researchers used a broad range of approaches to gather Indigenous knowledge and scientific data and identified multiple challenges (e.g., asymmetries of power, resource availability, and funding) to research. Our findings show that more support is needed to foster, promote, and disseminate interdisciplinary collaborative work involving braiding. Additional support is also required to address Indigenous community research needs related to the assessment of environmental impact and reclamation, as well as the understanding of ecological threats across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana A. E. Wilcox
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jennifer F. Provencher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dominique A. Henri
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Steven M. Alexander
- Environment and Biodiversity Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON K2P 2J8, Canada
- Environmental Change and Governance Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jessica J. Taylor
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Philippe J. Thomas
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lydia R. Johnson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Ostrega M, Adams AJ, Pina-Amargós F, Cooke SJ, Bailey M. A stakeholder-engaged approach to evaluating spawning aggregation management as a strategy for conserving bonefish ( Albula vulpes) in Cuba. Environ Biol Fishes 2023; 106:161-179. [PMID: 36310851 PMCID: PMC9589858 DOI: 10.1007/s10641-022-01355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Animals that congregate in large numbers to reproduce in spatially and temporally distinct locations are particularly susceptible to overexploitation. Many fishes form spawning aggregations that are intentionally targeted given ease of capture. Bonefish (Albula spp.) species aggregate to spawn and are culturally and economically important, but generally lack management such as spawning area protections to ensure that fisheries are sustainable. Here, we use Cuba as a case study to inform the development and refinement of management strategies for bonefish. Recommendations for the management of bonefish pre-spawning aggregations were based on international experiences, which have been adapted to the Cuban context from results of surveys and interviews with Cuban fisheries professionals and fishing guides. The achievability and feasibility of recommendations were further reviewed by additional experts in the field of fisheries, management and Cuban policy. The process revealed extensive data-limitations for bonefish fisheries and underscored the importance of including fishing guides, local ecological knowledge and the context of marine protected areas in Cuba for bonefish management. Recommendations include (1) initiating information exchange between Cuban management agencies and third-party institutions related to bonefish management; (2) utilizing local ecological knowledge to gather information, formulate management strategies and enforce regulations; (3) implementing spatial and temporal management measures for bonefish spawning sites; (4) using what is already in place, by protecting spawning sites in the context of existing marine protected areas; (5) collaborating with all stakeholders to manage bonefish spawning sites; and (6) reducing the commercial harvest of the species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10641-022-01355-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ostrega
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Aaron J. Adams
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Avenue, #203, Miami, FL 33133 USA
- Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 33946 USA
| | - Fabián Pina-Amargós
- Blue Sanctuary, Jardines de la Reina, Avalon, Cuba
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Calle 16, Municipio Playa, Habana Cuba
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Megan Bailey
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
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Brownscombe JW, Ward TD, Nowell L, Lennox RJ, Chapman JM, Danylchuk AJ, Cooke SJ. Identifying thresholds in air exposure, water temperature and fish size that determine reflex impairment in brook trout exposed to catch-and-release angling. Conserv Physiol 2022; 10:coac070. [PMID: 36540067 PMCID: PMC9757537 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to fish impairment and survival from angling events is essential to guide best angling practices for catch-and-release (C&R) recreational fisheries. Complex interactions often exist between angler behaviour, environmental conditions, and fish characteristics that ultimately determine biological outcomes for fish. Yet, few studies focus on identifying biologically relevant thresholds. We therefore examined the effects of water temperature, air exposure and fish size on reflex impairment and mortality in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis exposed to experimental and simulated angling stressors (n = 337). Using conditional inference trees, we identified interactions among these factors as well as threshold values within them that determine brook trout reflex impairment as an indicator of whole animal stress. Specifically, longer air exposure times (>30 sec) and warmer temperatures (>19.5°C) had a synergistic effect leading to higher reflex impairment scores. Further, larger fish (>328 mm) were more sensitive to air exposure durations >10 sec. Of the reflex impairment measures, loss of equilibrium and time to regain equilibrium were strongly and moderately associated with brook trout mortality (18-24 h monitoring), although mortality rates were generally low (6%). These findings support previous research that has established strong links between these reflex impairment measures and fish health outcomes in other species. They also highlight the important interactions among air exposure duration, water temperature and fish size that determine impairment in brook trout, providing specific thresholds to guide best angling practices for C&R fisheries. This approach may be widely applicable to generate similar thresholds that can be encouraged by regulators and adopted by anglers for other common C&R fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Brownscombe
- Corresponding author: Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | | | - Liane Nowell
- Kenauk Institute, 1000 Chemin Kenauk, Montebello, Quebec, J0V 1L0, Canada
| | - Robert J Lennox
- NINA – Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Høgskoleringen 9, Trondheim, 7034, Norway
| | - Jacqueline M Chapman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Twardek WM, Landsman SJ, Cooke SJ. Collaboration between fish passage scientists and engineers: Insights from an international questionnaire. J Environ Manage 2022; 323:116268. [PMID: 36261985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish passage science and practice seeks to facilitate the movement of fish around obstacles in their habitat, primarily through the construction of fishways and culverts. Successful implementation of fish passage requires collaboration between groups with very different backgrounds and expertise, including knowledge-producers (scientists who study fish passage and related topics such as fish swimming ability) and knowledge users (engineers who apply that knowledge to design fish passage solutions). To investigate the nature of collaboration between these groups, we surveyed fish passage scientists and engineers from around the world. Respondents were asked about the importance of collaboration, mechanisms of collaboration, potential barriers to collaboration, and how collaboration can be improved. Both fish passage scientists and engineers reported high importance of collaboration and that they collaborated frequently with the other group. Respondents reported that consultation with other professionals (of their discipline and the other) was the most important means of obtaining and sharing information related to fish passage science and engineering. Both groups also tended to over-estimate their knowledge and use of the other's discipline. While respondents reported high engagement in collaboration, key themes emerged with respect to barriers to collaboration and means of improving collaboration. These included lacking a shared understanding of both disciplines, professional differences, insufficient institutional support, and inadequate sharing of knowledge (e.g., reporting and publishing). Opportunities for improving collaboration identified by respondents included 1) more interdisciplinary opportunities that facilitate interaction (particularly conferences and workshops); 2) promoting collaborative projects and interactions between fish passage scientists and engineers on project teams; and 3) ensuring that information is shared between groups (e.g., through accessible publications). Findings from this research have the potential to enhance collaboration between scientists and engineers, to the benefit of fish passage and fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Sean J Landsman
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Cooke SJ, Bergman JN, Twardek WM, Piczak ML, Casselberry GA, Lutek K, Dahlmo LS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Griffin LP, Brownscombe JW, Raby GD, Standen EM, Horodysky AZ, Johnsen S, Danylchuk AJ, Furey NB, Gallagher AJ, Lédée EJI, Midwood JD, Gutowsky LFG, Jacoby DMP, Matley JK, Lennox RJ. The movement ecology of fishes. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:756-779. [PMID: 35788929 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock-on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever-growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, has further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathan et al., 2008: 19052), we synthesized the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual-level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explored how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identified how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio-temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we considered the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges and opportunities that these advancements create for scientists and managers. As aquatic ecosystems continue to face alarming climate (and other human-driven) issues that impact animal movements, the comprehensive and multidisciplinary assessment of movement ecology will be instrumental in developing plans to guide research and promote sustainability measures for aquatic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordanna N Bergman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan L Piczak
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace A Casselberry
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keegan Lutek
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lotte S Dahlmo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Lucas P Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily M Standen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrij Z Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Sönke Johnsen
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Caroline, USA
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan B Furey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Elodie J I Lédée
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jon D Midwood
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee F G Gutowsky
- Environmental & Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M P Jacoby
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jordan K Matley
- Program in Aquatic Resources, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
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Voicescu SA, Lane J, Cooke SJ, Higgs E, Fisher AC, Rochefort L, Shackelford N, Murphy S. Awareness and Use of SER's International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration in Canada. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A. Voicescu
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria University House 4 Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | | | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Eric Higgs
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria University House 4 Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Alina C. Fisher
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria University House 4 Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Line Rochefort
- Department of Plant Sciences Laval University Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria University House 4 Victoria BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Stephen Murphy
- School of Environment, Resources & Sustainability University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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Danylchuk AJ, Griffin LP, Ahrens R, Allen MS, Boucek RE, Brownscombe JW, Casselberry GA, Danylchuk SC, Filous A, Goldberg TL, Perez AU, Rehage JS, Santos RO, Shenker J, Wilson JK, Adams AJ, Cooke SJ. Cascading effects of climate change on recreational marine flats fishes and fisheries. Environ Biol Fishes 2022; 106:381-416. [PMID: 36118617 PMCID: PMC9465673 DOI: 10.1007/s10641-022-01333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical coastal flats are shallow regions of the marine environment at the intersection of land and sea. These regions provide myriad ecological goods and services, including recreational fisheries focused on flats-inhabiting fishes such as bonefish, tarpon, and permit. The cascading effects of climate change have the potential to negatively impact coastal flats around the globe and to reduce their ecological and economic value. In this paper, we consider how the combined effects of climate change, including extremes in temperature and precipitation regimes, sea level rise, and changes in nutrient dynamics, are causing rapid and potentially permanent changes to the structure and function of tropical and subtropical flats ecosystems. We then apply the available science on recreationally targeted fishes to reveal how these changes can cascade through layers of biological organization-from individuals, to populations, to communities-and ultimately impact the coastal systems that depend on them. We identify critical gaps in knowledge related to the extent and severity of these effects, and how such gaps influence the effectiveness of conservation, management, policy, and grassroots stewardship efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Lucas P. Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Robert Ahrens
- Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA
| | - Micheal S. Allen
- Nature Coast Biological Station, School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, The University of Florida, 552 First Street, Cedar Key, FL 32625 USA
| | - Ross E. Boucek
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Ave, Suite 203, Miami, FL 33133 USA
- Earth and Environment Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Jacob W. Brownscombe
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Grace A. Casselberry
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Sascha Clark Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Keep Fish Wet, 11 Kingman Road, Amherst, MA 01002 USA
| | - Alex Filous
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Addiel U. Perez
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Ave, Suite 203, Miami, FL 33133 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Rehage
- Earth and Environment Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Rolando O. Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33181 USA
| | - Jonathan Shenker
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA
| | - JoEllen K. Wilson
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Ave, Suite 203, Miami, FL 33133 USA
| | - Aaron J. Adams
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Ave, Suite 203, Miami, FL 33133 USA
- Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946 USA
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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Haddaway NR, Smith A, Taylor JJ, Andrews C, Cooke SJ, Nilsson AE, Lesser P. Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social-ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map. Environ Evid 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 36097609 PMCID: PMC9452284 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mining can directly and indirectly affect social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative ways, and may result in societal benefits, but may also cause conflicts, not least in relation to land use. Mining always affects the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some negative environmental impacts. Social and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions are particularly sensitive to impacts from development for numerous reasons, not least of which are the reliance of Indigenous peoples on subsistence livelihoods and long recovery times of fragile ecosystems. With growing metal demand, mining in the Arctic is expected to increase, demanding a better understand its social and environmental impacts. We report here the results of a systematic mapping of research evidence of the impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions. METHODS We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). We screened articles at three stages (title, abstract, and full text) according to a predetermined set of inclusion criteria, with consistency checks between reviewers at each level. We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. We have produced an interactive database along with interactive visualisations, and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using heat maps. REVIEW FINDINGS Searches identified over 32,000 potentially relevant records, which resulted in a total of 585 articles being retained in the systematic map. This corresponded to 902 lines of data on impact or mitigation pathways. The evidence was relatively evenly spread across topics, but there was a bias towards research in Canada (35% of the evidence base). Research was focused on copper (23%), gold (18%), and zinc (16%) extraction as the top three minerals, and open pit mines were most commonly studied (33%). Research most commonly focused on operation stages, followed by abandonment and post-closure, with little evidence on early stages (prospecting, exploration, construction; 2%), expansion (0.2%), or decommissioning/closure (0.3%). Mitigation measures were not frequently studied (18% articles), with groundwater mitigation most frequently investigated (54% of mitigations), followed by soil quality (12%) and flora species groups (10%). Control-impact study designs were most common (68%) with reference sites as the most frequently used comparator (43%). Only 7 articles investigated social and environmental outcomes together. the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (39%), followed by water (34%), societies (20%), and soil/geology (6%), with air the least common (1%). CONCLUSIONS The evidence found highlights a suite of potential knowledge gaps, namely: on early stages prior to operation; effectiveness of mitigation measures; stronger causal inference study designs; migration and demography; cumulative impacts; and impacts on local and Indigenous communities. We also tentatively suggest subtopics where the number of studies could allow systematic reviews: operation, post-closure, and abandonment stages; individual faunal species, surface water quality, water sediment quality; and, groundwater mitigation measure effectiveness. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R. Haddaway
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Stockholm, Sweden
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Smith
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jessica J. Taylor
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Christopher Andrews
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | | | - Pamela Lesser
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
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Soroye P, Edwards BPM, Buxton RT, Ethier JP, Frempong‐Manso A, Keefe HE, Berberi A, Roach‐Krajewski M, Binley AD, Vincent JG, Lin H, Cooke SJ, Bennett JR. The risks and rewards of community science for threatened species monitoring. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Soroye
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada
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44
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Rangel BS, Moreira RG, Rider MJ, Sulikowski JA, Gallagher AJ, Heithaus MR, Cooke SJ, Kaufman L, Hammerschlag N. Physiological state predicts space use of sharks at a tourism provisioning site. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Nyboer EA, Musinguzi L, Ogutu‐Ohwayo R, Natugonza V, Cooke SJ, Young N, Chapman LJ. Climate change adaptation and adaptive efficacy in the inland fisheries of the Lake Victoria basin. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laban Musinguzi
- National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI) Jinja Uganda
| | | | - Vianny Natugonza
- Busitema University Maritime Institute Namasagali campus Kamuli Uganda
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute for Environment and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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46
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Cooke SJ, Frempong‐Manso A, Piczak ML, Karathanou E, Clavijo C, Ajagbe SO, Akeredolu E, Strauch AM, Piccolo J. A freshwater perspective on the United Nations decade for ecosystem restoration. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Acacia Frempong‐Manso
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Morgan L. Piczak
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Eirini Karathanou
- Biology Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | - Stephen O. Ajagbe
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Department Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan Nigeria
| | | | - Ayron M. Strauch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawai‘i Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - John Piccolo
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
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47
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Lennox RJ, Brownscombe JW, Darimont C, Horodysky A, Levi T, Raby GD, Cooke SJ. The roles of humans and apex predators in sustaining ecosystem structure and function: Contrast, complementarity and coexistence. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries at NORCE Norwegian Research Center Bergen Norway
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
| | - Jacob W. Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
| | | | - Andrij Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Graham D. Raby
- Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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48
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Reid CH, Raby GD, Faust MD, Cooke SJ, Vandergoot CS. Cardiac activity in walleye (Sander vitreus) during exposure to and recovery from chemical anaesthesia, electroanaesthesia and electrostunning. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:115-127. [PMID: 35506533 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Handling and conducting invasive procedures are necessary for aspects of fisheries science, invariably inducing a stress response and imposing energetic demands on fish. Anaesthesia or immobilisation techniques are often used in an attempt to mitigate stress and improve welfare, yet these also come with their own impacts on post-release recovery. Here, the authors investigated whether changes in cardiac activity (heart rates over time, heart rate maxima, and scopes) differed in adult walleye (Sander vitreus) anaesthetised with AQUI-S® 20E (eugenol), electroanaesthetised with a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit or electrostunned with a commercially developed stunning unit. This experiment was divided into two trials. In the first trial, fish were implanted with heart rate loggers and left to recover for c. 4 days. In the second trial, fish were implanted with heart rate loggers, given 3 days to recover and re-exposed to their initial treatments (excluding surgery). Post-treatment cardiac activity was quantified for both trials. Although highly variable across individuals, the authors found no significant differences in heart rate changes over time or recovery times among treatments. Maximum heart rates were consistent among treatment groups, yet significant differences in heart rate scope provided further evidence of strong interindividual variation in the second trial. Based on these results, the authors did not identify any welfare-relevant differences or concerns associated with one treatment over another. Further investigations of the relationships between measures of cardiac function and other physiological stress markers would be beneficial towards identifying best practices for fish handling in fisheries science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D Faust
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, Sandusky, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher S Vandergoot
- Great Lakes Acoustic Telemetry Observation System, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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49
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Brownscombe JW, Raby GD, Murchie KJ, Danylchuk AJ, Cooke SJ. An energetics-performance framework for wild fishes. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:4-12. [PMID: 35439327 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that bioenergetics can explain relationships between environmental conditions and fish behaviour, distribution and fitness. Fish energetic needs increase predictably with water temperature, but metabolic performance (i.e., aerobic scope) exhibits varied relationships, and there is debate about its role in shaping fish ecology. Here we present an energetics-performance framework, which posits that ecological context determines whether energy expenditure or metabolic performance influence fish behaviour and fitness. From this framework, we present testable predictions about how temperature-driven variability in energetic demands and metabolic performance interact with ecological conditions to influence fish behaviour, distribution and fitness. Specifically, factors such as prey availability and the spatial distributions of prey and predators may alter fish temperature selection relative to metabolic and energetic optima. Furthermore, metabolic flexibility is a key determinant of how fish will respond to changing conditions, such as those predicted with climate change. With few exceptions, these predictions have rarely been tested in the wild due partly to difficulties in remotely measuring aspects of fish energetics. However, with recent advances in technology and measurement techniques, we now have a better capacity to measure bioenergetics parameters in the wild. Testing these predictions will provide a more mechanistic understanding of how ecological factors affect fish fitness and population dynamics, advancing our knowledge of how species and ecosystems will respond to rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen J Murchie
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Griffin LP, Casselberry GA, Lowerre-Barbieri SK, Acosta A, Adams AJ, Cooke SJ, Filous A, Friess C, Guttridge TL, Hammerschlag N, Heim V, Morley D, Rider MJ, Skomal GB, Smukall MJ, Danylchuk AJ, Brownscombe JW. Predator-prey landscapes of large sharks and game fishes in the Florida Keys. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2584. [PMID: 35333436 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific interactions can play an essential role in shaping wildlife populations and communities. To date, assessments of interspecific interactions, and more specifically predator-prey dynamics, in aquatic systems over broad spatial and temporal scales (i.e., hundreds of kilometers and multiple years) are rare due to constraints on our abilities to measure effectively at those scales. We applied new methods to identify space-use overlap and potential predation risk to Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) and permit (Trachinotus falcatus) from two known predators, great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) and bull (Carcharhinus leucas) sharks, over a 3-year period using acoustic telemetry in the coastal region of the Florida Keys (USA). By examining spatiotemporal overlap, as well as the timing and order of arrival at specific locations compared to random chance, we show that potential predation risk from great hammerhead and bull sharks to Atlantic tarpon and permit are heterogeneous across the Florida Keys. Additionally, we find that predator encounter rates with these game fishes are elevated at specific locations and times, including a prespawning aggregation site in the case of Atlantic tarpon. Further, using machine learning algorithms, we identify environmental variability in overlap between predators and their potential prey, including location, habitat, time of year, lunar cycle, depth, and water temperature. These predator-prey landscapes provide insights into fundamental ecosystem function and biological conservation, especially in the context of emerging fishery-related depredation issues in coastal marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace A Casselberry
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan K Lowerre-Barbieri
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Alejandro Acosta
- South Florida Regional Lab, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, Florida, USA
| | - Aaron J Adams
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust, Miami, Florida, USA
- Florida Atlantic University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Filous
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Friess
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | | | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Vital Heim
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Morley
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- South Florida Regional Lab, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, Florida, USA
| | - Mitchell J Rider
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gregory B Skomal
- Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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