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Kähönen E, Kähönen E, Pälve K, Hulkkonen J, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Hutri N, Lehtimäki T, Aatola H. Association of childhood socioeconomic status with adulthood maximal exercise blood pressure: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Blood Press 2024; 33:2323987. [PMID: 38465629 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2323987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Socioeconomic status has been related to resting blood pressure (BP) levels at different stages of life. However, the association of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adulthood exercise BP is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the association of childhood SES with adulthood maximal exercise BP. MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation consisted of 373 individuals (53% women) participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had data concerning family SES in childhood (baseline in 1980, at age of 6-18 years) and exercise BP response data in adulthood (follow-up in adulthood in 27-29 years since baseline). A maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test with BP measurements was performed by participants, and peak exercise BP was measured. RESULTS In stepwise multivariable analysis including childhood risk factors and lifestyle factors (body mass index, systolic BP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, and physical activity), lower family SES in childhood was associated with higher maximal exercise BP in adulthood (β value ± SE, 1.63 ± 0.77, p = 0.035). The association remained significant after further adjustment with participants SES in adulthood (β value ± SE, 1.68 ± 0.65, p = 0.011) and after further adjustment with adulthood body-mass index, systolic BP, maximal exercise capacity, and peak heart rate in exercise (β value ± SE, 1.25 ± 0.56, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that lower childhood family SES is associated with higher maximal exercise BP in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emilia Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina Pälve
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Aatola
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Hautamäki M, Järvensivu-Koivunen M, Lyytikäinen LP, Eskola M, Lehtimäki T, Nikus K, Oksala N, Tynkkynen J, Hernesniemi J. The association between GRACE score at admission for myocardial infarction and the incidence of sudden cardiac arrests in long-term follow-up - the MADDEC study. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2024; 58:2335905. [PMID: 38557164 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2024.2335905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), often also leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD), is a common complication in coronary artery disease. Despite the effort there is a lack of applicable prediction tools to identify those at high risk. We tested the association between the validated GRACE score and the incidence of SCA after myocardial infarction. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 1,985 patients treated for myocardial infarction (MI) between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2018 and followed until the 31st of December of 2021. The main exposure variable was patients' GRACE score at the point of admission and main outcome variable was incident SCA after hospitalization. Their association was analyzed by subdistribution hazard (SDH) model analysis. The secondary endpoints included SCA in patients with no indication to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) device and incident SCD. Results. A total of 1985 patients were treated for MI. Mean GRACE score at baseline was 118.7 (SD 32.0). During a median follow-up time of 5.3 years (IQR 3.8-6.1 years) 78 SCA events and 52 SCDs occurred. In unadjusted analyses one SD increase in GRACE score associated with over 50% higher risk of SCA (SDH 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.85, p < 0.0001) and over 40% higher risk for SCD (1.42, 1.12-1.79, p = 0.0033). The associations between SCA and GRACE remained statistically significant even with patients without indication for ICD device (1.57, 1.30-1.90, p < 0.0001) as well as when adjusting with patients LVEF and omitting the age from the GRACE score to better represent the severity of the cardiac event. The association of GRACE and SCD turned statistically insignificant when adjusting with LVEF. Conclusions. GRACE score measured at admission for MI associates with long-term risk for SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hautamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Eskola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niku Oksala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Tynkkynen
- Centre for Vascular Surgery and Interventional Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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3
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Puolakka H, Solismaa A, Lyytikäinen LP, Viikki M, Seppälä N, Mononen N, Lehtimäki T, Kampman O. Polymorphisms in ERBB4 and TACR1 associated with dry mouth in clozapine-treated patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38634369 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sialorrhea is a common and uncomfortable adverse effect of clozapine, and its severity varies between patients. The aim of the study was to select broadly genes related to the regulation of salivation and study associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth and polymorphisms in the selected genes. METHODS The study population consists of 237 clozapine-treated patients, of which 172 were genotyped. Associations between sialorrhea and dry mouth with age, sex, BMI, smoking, clozapine dose, clozapine and norclozapine serum levels, and other comedication were studied. Genetic associations were analyzed with linear and logistic regression models explaining sialorrhea and dry mouth with each SNP added separately to the model as coefficients. RESULTS Clozapine dose, clozapine or norclozapine concentration and their ratio were not associated with sialorrhea or dryness of mouth. Valproate use (p=0.013) and use of other antipsychotics (p=0.015) combined with clozapine were associated with excessive salivation. No associations were found between studied polymorphisms and sialorrhea. In analyses explaining dry mouth with logistic regression with age and sex as coefficients, two proxy-SNPs were associated with dry mouth: epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ERBB4) rs3942465 (adjusted p=0.025) and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) rs58933792 (adjusted p=0.029). CONCLUSION Use of valproate or antipsychotic polypharmacy may increase the risk of sialorrhea. Genetic variations in ERBB4 and TACR1 might contribute to experienced dryness of mouth among patients treated with clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Puolakka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Solismaa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Pirkanmaa Wellbeing Services County, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merja Viikki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Niko Seppälä
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Satasairaala Hospital, The Satakunta Wellbeing Services County, Pori, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Pirkanmaa Wellbeing Services County, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences (Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Vaasa, Finland
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4
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Auvinen A, Tammela TLJ, Mirtti T, Lilja H, Tolonen T, Kenttämies A, Rinta-Kiikka I, Lehtimäki T, Natunen K, Nevalainen J, Raitanen J, Ronkainen J, van der Kwast T, Riikonen J, Pétas A, Matikainen M, Taari K, Kilpeläinen T, Rannikko AS. Prostate Cancer Screening With PSA, Kallikrein Panel, and MRI: The ProScreen Randomized Trial. JAMA 2024:2817323. [PMID: 38581254 PMCID: PMC10999002 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Importance Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has potential to reduce prostate cancer mortality but frequently detects prostate cancer that is not clinically important. Objective To describe rates of low-grade (grade group 1) and high-grade (grade groups 2-5) prostate cancer identified among men invited to participate in a prostate cancer screening protocol consisting of a PSA test, a 4-kallikrein panel, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Design, Setting, and Participants The ProScreen trial is a clinical trial conducted in Helsinki and Tampere, Finland, that randomized 61 193 men aged 50 through 63 years who were free of prostate cancer in a 1:3 ratio to either be invited or not be invited to undergo screening for prostate cancer between February 2018 and July 2020. Interventions Participating men randomized to the intervention underwent PSA testing. Those with a PSA level of 3.0 ng/mL or higher underwent additional testing for high-grade prostate cancer with a 4-kallikrein panel risk score. Those with a kallikrein panel score of 7.5% or higher underwent an MRI of the prostate gland, followed by targeted biopsies for those with abnormal prostate gland MRI findings. Final data collection occurred through June 31, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures In descriptive exploratory analyses, the cumulative incidence of low-grade and high-grade prostate cancer after the first screening round were compared between the group invited to undergo prostate cancer screening and the control group. Results Of 60 745 eligible men (mean [SD] age, 57.2 [4.0] years), 15 201 were randomized to be invited and 45 544 were randomized not to be invited to undergo prostate cancer screening. Of 15 201 eligible males invited to undergo screening, 7744 (51%) participated. Among them, 32 low-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 0.41%) and 128 high-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 1.65%) were detected, with 1 cancer grade group result missing. Among the 7457 invited men (49%) who refused participation, 7 low-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 0.1%) and 44 high-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 0.6%) were detected, with 7 cancer grade groups missing. For the entire invited screening group, 39 low-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 0.26%) and 172 high-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 1.13%) were detected. During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, in the group not invited to undergo screening, 65 low-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 0.14%) and 282 high-grade prostate cancers (cumulative incidence, 0.62%) were detected. The risk difference for the entire group randomized to the screening invitation vs the control group was 0.11% (95% CI, 0.03%-0.20%) for low-grade and 0.51% (95% CI, 0.33%-0.70%) for high-grade cancer. Conclusions and Relevance In this preliminary descriptive report from an ongoing randomized clinical trial, 1 additional high-grade cancer per 196 men and 1 low-grade cancer per 909 men were detected among those randomized to be invited to undergo a single prostate cancer screening intervention compared with those not invited to undergo screening. These preliminary findings from a single round of screening should be interpreted cautiously, pending results of the study's primary mortality outcome. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03423303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Auvinen
- Tampere University, Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Teemu Tolonen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu Kenttämies
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irina Rinta-Kiikka
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Natunen
- Tampere University, Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Tampere University, Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- Tampere University, Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
- UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ronkainen
- Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jarno Riikonen
- Department of Urology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Pétas
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Matikainen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Taari
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Kilpeläinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti S Rannikko
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Karjalainen MK, Karthikeyan S, Oliver-Williams C, Sliz E, Allara E, Fung WT, Surendran P, Zhang W, Jousilahti P, Kristiansson K, Salomaa V, Goodwin M, Hughes DA, Boehnke M, Fernandes Silva L, Yin X, Mahajan A, Neville MJ, van Zuydam NR, de Mutsert R, Li-Gao R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Demirkan A, Liu J, Noordam R, Trompet S, Chen Z, Kartsonaki C, Li L, Lin K, Hagenbeek FA, Hottenga JJ, Pool R, Ikram MA, van Meurs J, Haller T, Milaneschi Y, Kähönen M, Mishra PP, Joshi PK, Macdonald-Dunlop E, Mangino M, Zierer J, Acar IE, Hoyng CB, Lechanteur YTE, Franke L, Kurilshikov A, Zhernakova A, Beekman M, van den Akker EB, Kolcic I, Polasek O, Rudan I, Gieger C, Waldenberger M, Asselbergs FW, Hayward C, Fu J, den Hollander AI, Menni C, Spector TD, Wilson JF, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Penninx BWJH, Esko T, Walters RG, Jukema JW, Sattar N, Ghanbari M, Willems van Dijk K, Karpe F, McCarthy MI, Laakso M, Järvelin MR, Timpson NJ, Perola M, Kooner JS, Chambers JC, van Duijn C, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI, Danesh J, Ala-Korpela M, Butterworth AS, Kettunen J. Genome-wide characterization of circulating metabolic biomarkers. Nature 2024; 628:130-138. [PMID: 38448586 PMCID: PMC10990933 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association analyses using high-throughput metabolomics platforms have led to novel insights into the biology of human metabolism1-7. This detailed knowledge of the genetic determinants of systemic metabolism has been pivotal for uncovering how genetic pathways influence biological mechanisms and complex diseases8-11. Here we present a genome-wide association study for 233 circulating metabolic traits quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in up to 136,016 participants from 33 cohorts. We identify more than 400 independent loci and assign probable causal genes at two-thirds of these using manual curation of plausible biological candidates. We highlight the importance of sample and participant characteristics that can have significant effects on genetic associations. We use detailed metabolic profiling of lipoprotein- and lipid-associated variants to better characterize how known lipid loci and novel loci affect lipoprotein metabolism at a granular level. We demonstrate the translational utility of comprehensively phenotyped molecular data, characterizing the metabolic associations of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Finally, we observe substantial genetic pleiotropy for multiple metabolic pathways and illustrate the importance of careful instrument selection in Mendelian randomization analysis, revealing a putative causal relationship between acetone and hypertension. Our publicly available results provide a foundational resource for the community to examine the role of metabolism across diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna K Karjalainen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Savita Karthikeyan
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare Oliver-Williams
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Public Health Specialty Training Programme, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eeva Sliz
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elias Allara
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wing Tung Fung
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matt Goodwin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matt J Neville
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUHFT Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie R van Zuydam
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Surrey Institute for People-Centred AI, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona A Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Erin Macdonald-Dunlop
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ilhan E Acar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yara T E Lechanteur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Genomics Research Center, Abbvie, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUHFT Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Lavonius V, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hamal Mishra B, Sormunen E, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Hietala J, Cloninger CR, Lehtimäki T, Saarinen A. Polygenic risk for depression predicting temperament trajectories over 15 years - A general population study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:388-395. [PMID: 38218259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of case-control and population-based studies have shown that depression patients differ from healthy controls in their temperament traits. We investigated whether polygenic risk for depression predicts trajectories of temperament traits from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 2212). The calculation for Polygenic risk for depression (PRS) was based on the most recent genome-wide association study. Temperament traits of Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory in 1997, 2001, 2007, and 2012 (participants being 24-50-year-olds). As covariates, we used depressive symptoms as assessed by a modified version of the Beck Depression Inventory, psychosocial family environment from parent-filled questionnaires, and socioeconomic factors from adulthood. RESULTS High PRS predicted higher Persistence from early adulthood to middle age (p = 0.003) when controlling for depressive symptoms, psychosocial family environment, and socioeconomic factors. PRS did not predict trajectories of Novelty Seeking (p = 0.063-0.416 in different models) or Reward Dependence (p = 0.531-0.736). The results remained unaffected when participants with diagnosed affective disorders were excluded. Additionally, we found an interaction between PRS and depressive symptoms when predicting the Harm Avoidance subscale Anticipatory Worry, indicating that the association of Anticipatory Worry with depressive symptoms is stronger in individuals with higher (vs. lower) PRS. LIMITATIONS There was some attrition due to the long follow-up. CONCLUSIONS High polygenic risk for major depression may predict differences in temperament trajectories among those who have not developed any severe affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikka Lavonius
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Binisha Hamal Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Kok EH, Paetau A, Martiskainen M, Lyytikäinen LP, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen P, Myllykangas L. Accumulation of Lewy-Related Pathology Starts in Middle Age: The Tampere Sudden Death Study. Ann Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38501694 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
When effective treatments against neurodegenerative diseases become a reality, it will be important to know the age these pathologies begin to develop. We investigated alpha-synuclein pathology in brain tissue of the Tampere Sudden Death Study-unselected forensic autopsies on individuals living outside hospital institutions in Finland. Of 562 (16-95 years) participants, 42 were positive for Lewy-related pathology (LRP). The youngest LRP case was aged 54 years, and the frequency of LRP in individuals aged ≥50 years was 9%. This forensic autopsy study indicates LRP starts already in middle age and is more common than expected in the ≥50 years-of-age non-hospitalized population. ANN NEUROL 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise H Kok
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Martiskainen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Government Services, Forensic Medicine Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Phelps NH, Singleton RK, Zhou B, Heap RA, Mishra A, Bennett JE, Paciorek CJ, Lhoste VPF, Carrillo-Larco RM, Stevens GA, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Bixby H, Bentham J, Di Cesare M, Danaei G, Rayner AW, Barradas-Pires A, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Riley LM, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Baker JL, Barkat A, Bhutta ZA, Branca F, Caixeta RB, Cuschieri S, Farzadfar F, Ganapathy S, Ikeda N, Iotova V, Kengne AP, Khang YH, Laxmaiah A, Lin HH, Ma J, Mbanya JCN, Miranda JJ, Pradeepa R, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Sorić M, Turley M, Wang L, Webster-Kerr K, Aarestrup J, Abarca-Gómez L, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdeen ZA, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdul Ghaffar S, Abdul Rahim HF, Abdurrahmonova Z, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Abubakar Garba J, Acosta-Cazares B, Adam I, Adamczyk M, Adams RJ, Adu-Afarwuah S, Aekplakorn W, Afsana K, Afzal S, Agbor VN, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Ågren Å, Aguenaou H, Agyemang C, Ahmad MH, Ahmad NA, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmadi N, Ahmed I, Ahmed SH, Ahrens W, Aitmurzaeva G, Ajlouni K, Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Hinai H, Al-Lahou B, Al-Lawati JA, Al-Raddadi R, Al Asfoor D, Al Hourani HM, Al Qaoud NM, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Aldwairji MA, Alexius S, Ali MM, Alieva AV, Alkandari A, Alkerwi A, Alkhatib BM, Allin K, Alomary SA, Alomirah HF, Alshangiti AM, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Amiano Etxezarreta P, Amoah J, Amougou N, Amouyel P, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Androutsos O, Ängquist L, Anjana RM, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anufrieva E, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Araújo J, Ariansen I, Aris T, Arku RE, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Assefa N, Aspelund T, Assah FK, Assembekov B, Assunção MCF, Aung MS, Aurélio de Valois CJM, Auvinen J, Avdičová M, Avi S, Azad K, Azevedo A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Babu BV, Bacopoulou F, Bæksgaard Jørgensen M, Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Bajramovic I, Bakacs M, Balakrishna N, Balanova Y, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Banegas JR, Baran J, Baran R, Barbagallo CM, Barbosa Filho V, Barceló A, Baretić M, Barnoya J, Barrera L, Barreto M, Barros AJD, Barros MVG, Bartosiewicz A, Basit A, Bastos JL, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista AP, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Baur LA, Bayauli PM, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benedek T, Benedics J, Benet M, Benitez Rolandi GE, Benzeval M, Bere E, Berger N, Bergh IH, Berhane Y, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Berrios Carrasola X, Bettiol H, Beutel ME, Beybey AF, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Biasch K, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard AA, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Blychfeld Magnazu M, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boer JMA, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Botomba S, Bourne RRA, Bovet P, Boymatova K, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MCE, Braithwaite T, Brajkovich I, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Briceño Y, Brinduse L, Bringolf-Isler B, Brito M, Brophy S, Brug J, Bruno G, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, Cabrera de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Čapková N, Capuano E, Capuano R, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Casas M, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamnan P, Chamukuttan S, Chan A, Chan Q, Charchar FJ, Charles MA, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Che Abdul Rahim N, Chee ML, Chen CJ, Chen F, Chen H, Chen LS, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng CY, Cheng YJ, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chinapaw MJM, Chinnock A, Chiolero A, Chiou ST, Chirita-Emandi A, Chirlaque MD, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Cirillo M, Claessens F, Clare P, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Cojocaru CR, Colorado-Yohar S, Compañ-Gabucio LM, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Cortés LY, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Cross AJ, Crujeiras AB, Cruz JJ, Csányi T, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, Czenczek-Lewandowska E, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, da Silva AG, Dacica L, Dahm CC, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos F, de Assis MAA, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, De Bacquer J, de Bont J, De Curtis A, de Fragas Hinnig P, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, De Miguel-Etayo P, De Neve JW, Duarte de Oliveira P, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, de Sá ACMGN, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro VJ, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Dereń K, Deschamps V, Devrishov RD, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo A, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Díaz Fernández P, Díez Ripollés MP, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HTP, Dobson AJ, Dominguez L, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Dong G, Dong Y, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Dörr M, Doua K, Dragano N, Drygas W, Du S, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duleva VL, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dwyer T, Dyussupova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Ebrahimi N, Echeverría G, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Efthymiou V, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ammari L, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Elliott P, Enang O, Endevelt R, Engle-Stone R, Erasmus RT, Erem C, Ergor G, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Evans RG, Faeh D, Fagherazzi G, Fakhradiyev I, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzi Y, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Fawzi WW, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari G, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferreira HS, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fisberg M, Fischer K, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fottrell EF, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Fras Z, Fraser B, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furdela V, Furusawa T, Gabriela SA, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galán Cuesta M, Galbarczyk A, Galcheva SV, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Gao P, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García Mérida MJ, García Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz JM, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, George R, Gerdts E, Ghaderi E, Ghamari SH, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Gialluisi A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gieger C, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Glushkova N, Godara R, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldberg M, Goltzman D, Gómez G, Gómez Gómez JH, Gomez LF, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonçalves M, González-Alvarez AD, Gonzalez-Chica DA, González-Gil EM, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregg EW, Gregor RD, Gregório MJ, Grøholt EK, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Guajardo V, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Gualtieri A, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerchet M, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gujral UP, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Guo XH, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurinović MA, Gutiérrez González E, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Gwee X, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hanekom WA, Hange D, Hanif AAM, Hantunen S, Hao J, Hardman CM, Hardy L, Hari Kumar R, Harmer Lassen T, Harooni J, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, He Y, Heidinger-Felső R, Heier M, Heinen M, Hejgaard T, Hendriks ME, Henrique RDS, Henriques A, Hernandez Cadena L, Herrala S, Herrera-Cuenca M, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Herzig KH, Heshmat R, Heude B, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Höfelmann DA, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Homs C, Hoogendijk E, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huiart L, Huidumac Petrescu C, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Iakupova EM, Ibarluzea J, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Igland J, Ijoma C, Ikram MA, Iñiguez C, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Isiguzo GC, Islam M, Islam SMS, Islek D, Ittermann T, Ivanova-Pandourska IY, Iwasaki M, Jääskeläinen T, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jadoul M, Jafar T, Jallow B, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Jan N, Jansson A, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarnig G, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelaković A, Jelaković B, Jennings G, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Joffres M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Jøran Kjerpeseth L, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joshi R, Josipović J, Joukar F, Jóźwiak JJ, Judge DS, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kadvan AL, Kafatos A, Kaj M, Kajantie EO, Kakutia N, Kállayová D, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karaglani E, Karakosta A, Kårhus LL, Karki KB, Karlsson O, Kassi Anicet A, Katchunga PB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Kaze FF, Kazembe BM, Ke C, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HCG, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khaledifar A, Khalili D, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IMSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl SJ, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Kingston A, Klakk H, Klanarong S, Klanova J, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Kobel S, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolo SM, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Koussoh Simone M, Kovács É, Kovacs VA, Kovalskys I, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratenova J, Kratzer W, Kriaucioniene V, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krizan H, Kroker-Lobos MF, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Kruger HS, Kruger R, Kryst Ł, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kulimbet M, Kulothungan V, Kumar RK, Kumari M, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, 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Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wichstrøm L, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wirth JP, Wojtyniak B, Woldeyohannes M, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan L, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, Yépez García M, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, Yotov Y, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zentai A, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zimmet P, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M. Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 2024; 403:1027-1050. [PMID: 38432237 PMCID: PMC7615769 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). FINDINGS From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. INTERPRETATION The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union.
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Nagarajan P, Winkler TW, Bentley AR, Miller CL, Kraja AT, Schwander K, Lee S, Wang W, Brown MR, Morrison JL, Giri A, O’Connell JR, Bartz TM, de las Fuentes L, Gudmundsdottir V, Guo X, Harris SE, Huang Z, Kals M, Kho M, Lefevre C, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Mangino M, Milaneschi Y, Palmer ND, Rao V, Rauramaa R, Shen B, Stadler S, Sun Q, Tang J, Thériault S, van der Graaf A, van der Most PJ, Wang Y, Weiss S, Westerman KE, Yang Q, Yasuharu T, Zhao W, Zhu W, Altschul D, Ansari MAY, Anugu P, Argoty-Pantoja AD, Arzt M, Aschard H, Attia JR, Bazzanno L, Breyer MA, Brody JA, Cade BE, Chen HH, Ida Chen YD, Chen Z, de Vries PS, Dimitrov LM, Do A, Du J, Dupont CT, Edwards TL, Evans MK, Faquih T, Felix SB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Floyd JS, Graff M, Gu C, Gu D, Hairston KG, Hanley AJ, Heid IM, Heikkinen S, Highland HM, Hood MM, Kähönen M, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Kawaguchi T, Kazuya S, Kelly TN, Komulainen P, Levy D, Lin HJ, Liu PY, Marques-Vidal P, McCormick JB, Mei H, Meigs JB, Menni C, Nam K, Nolte IM, Pacheco NL, Petty LE, Polikowsky HG, Province MA, Psaty BM, Raffield LM, Raitakari OT, Rich SS, Riha RL, Risch L, Risch M, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Scott RJ, Sitlani CM, Smith JA, Sofer T, Teder-Laving M, Völker U, Vollenweider P, Wang G, van Dijk KW, Wilson OD, Xia R, Yao J, Young KL, Zhang R, Zhu X, Below JE, Böger CA, Conen D, Cox SR, Dörr M, Feitosa MF, Fox ER, Franceschini N, Gharib SA, Gudnason V, Harlow SD, He J, Holliday EG, Kutalik Z, Lakka TA, Lawlor DA, Lee S, Lehtimäki T, Li C, Liu CT, Mägi R, Matsuda F, Morrison AC, Penninx BWJH, Peyser PA, Rotter JI, Snieder H, Spector TD, Wagenknecht LE, Wareham NJ, Zonderman AB, North KE, Fornage M, Hung AM, Manning AK, Gauderman J, Chen H, Munroe PB, Rao DC, van Heemst D, Redline S, Noordam R, Wang H. A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Study of Gene-Sleep Duration Interactions for Blood Pressure in 811,405 Individuals from Diverse Populations. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.07.24303870. [PMID: 38496537 PMCID: PMC10942520 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.24303870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Although both short and long sleep duration are associated with elevated hypertension risk, our understanding of their interplay with biological pathways governing blood pressure remains limited. To address this, we carried out genome-wide cross-population gene-by-short-sleep and long-sleep duration interaction analyses for three blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure) in 811,405 individuals from diverse population groups. We discover 22 novel gene-sleep duration interaction loci for blood pressure, mapped to genes involved in neurological, thyroidal, bone metabolism, and hematopoietic pathways. Non-overlap between short sleep (12) and long sleep (10) interactions underscores the plausibility of distinct influences of both sleep duration extremes in cardiovascular health. With several of our loci reflecting specificity towards population background or sex, our discovery sheds light on the importance of embracing granularity when addressing heterogeneity entangled in gene-environment interactions, and in therapeutic design approaches for blood pressure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Nagarajan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesvil le, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville ,VA, USA
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Songmi Lee
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John L Morrison
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626), Department of Veterans Affairs/ Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa de las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, US
| | - Mart Kals
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Minjung Kho
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christophe Lefevre
- Department of Data Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Genomics and Precision Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Varun Rao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Botong Shen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefan Stadler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jingxian Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Qc, Canada
| | - Adriaan van der Graaf
- Statistical Genetics Group, Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kenneth E Westerman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tabara Yasuharu
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wei Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Md Abu Yusuf Ansari
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Pramod Anugu
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Anna D Argoty-Pantoja
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Computational Biology, F-75015 Paris, France Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lydia Bazzanno
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, US
| | - Max A Breyer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian E Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hung-hsin Chen
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Zekai Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Latchezar M Dimitrov
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anh Do
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiawen Du
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles T Dupont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626), Department of Veterans Affairs/ Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US A
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tariq Faquih
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine B, Un iversity Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles Gu
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Southern University of Science an d Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kristen G Hairston
- Department of Endocrinology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Kuopio
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle M Hood
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Setoh Kazuya
- Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Peter Y Liu
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kisung Nam
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Natasha L Pacheco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hannah G Polikowsky
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Renata L Riha
- Department of Sleep Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Faculty of Medical Sciences , Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liecht enstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switze rland
| | - Martin Risch
- Central Laboratory, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
- Medical Laboratory, Dr. Risch Anstalt, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- CardioVascular Institute (CVI), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maris Teder-Laving
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guanchao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Otis D Wilson
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626), Department of Veterans Affairs/ Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, US
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kliniken Südostbayern, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Centre Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, On, Canada
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine B, Un iversity Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sioban D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, US
- Tulane University Translational Sciences Institute, New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Statistical Genetics Group, Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Kuopio
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, US
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brenda WJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Adriana M Hung
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626), Department of Veterans Affairs/ Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Institute for Informatics, Data Science, and Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Lei den, Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Lei den, Netherlands
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Del Val C, Díaz de la Guardia-Bolívar E, Zwir I, Mishra PP, Mesa A, Salas R, Poblete GF, de Erausquin G, Raitoharju E, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T, Cloninger CR. Gene expression networks regulated by human personality. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02484-x. [PMID: 38433276 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of human personality have been carried out, but transcription of the whole genome has not been studied in relation to personality in humans. We collected genome-wide expression profiles of adults to characterize the regulation of expression and function in genes related to human personality. We devised an innovative multi-omic approach to network analysis to identify the key control elements and interactions in multi-modular networks. We identified sets of transcribed genes that were co-expressed in specific brain regions with genes known to be associated with personality. Then we identified the minimum networks for the co-localized genes using bioinformatic resources. Subjects were 459 adults from the Young Finns Study who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory and provided peripheral blood for genomic and transcriptomic analysis. We identified an extrinsic network of 45 regulatory genes from seed genes in brain regions involved in self-regulation of emotional reactivity to extracellular stimuli (e.g., self-regulation of anxiety) and an intrinsic network of 43 regulatory genes from seed genes in brain regions involved in self-regulation of interpretations of meaning (e.g., production of concepts and language). We discovered that interactions between the two networks were coordinated by a control hub of 3 miRNAs and 3 protein-coding genes shared by both. Interactions of the control hub with proteins and ncRNAs identified more than 100 genes that overlap directly with known personality-related genes and more than another 4000 genes that interact indirectly. We conclude that the six-gene hub is the crux of an integrative network that orchestrates information-transfer throughout a multi-modular system of over 4000 genes enriched in liquid-liquid-phase-separation (LLPS)-related RNAs, diverse transcription factors, and hominid-specific miRNAs and lncRNAs. Gene expression networks associated with human personality regulate neuronal plasticity, epigenesis, and adaptive functioning by the interactions of salience and meaning in self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Del Val
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Elisa Díaz de la Guardia-Bolívar
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
| | - Igor Zwir
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alberto Mesa
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramiro Salas
- The Menninger Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, and DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gabriel de Erausquin
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Center for Population Health Research; University of Turku, Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Tampere University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
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11
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Saarinen A, Marttila S, Mishra PP, Lyytikäinen LP, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Sormunen E, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Hietala J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia, social dispositions, and pace of epigenetic aging: Results from the Young Finns Study. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14052. [PMID: 38031635 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is often regarded as a disorder of premature aging. We investigated (a) whether polygenic risk for schizophrenia (PRSsch ) relates to pace of epigenetic aging and (b) whether personal dispositions toward active and emotionally close relationships protect against accelerated epigenetic aging in individuals with high PRSsch . The sample came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 1348). Epigenetic aging was measured with DNA methylation aging algorithms such as AgeAccelHannum , EEAAHannum , IEAAHannum , IEAAHorvath , AgeAccelHorvath , AgeAccelPheno , AgeAccelGrim , and DunedinPACE. A PRSsch was calculated using summary statistics from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study of schizophrenia to date. Social dispositions were assessed in terms of extraversion, sociability, reward dependence, cooperativeness, and attachment security. We found that PRSsch did not have a statistically significant effect on any studied indicator of epigenetic aging. Instead, PRSsch had a significant interaction with reward dependence (p = 0.001-0.004), cooperation (p = 0.009-0.020), extraversion (p = 0.019-0.041), sociability (p = 0.003-0.016), and attachment security (p = 0.007-0.014) in predicting AgeAccelHannum , EEAAHannum , or IEAAHannum . Specifically, participants with high PRSsch appeared to display accelerated epigenetic aging at higher (vs. lower) levels of extraversion, sociability, attachment security, reward dependence, and cooperativeness. A rather opposite pattern was evident for those with low PRSsch . No such interactions were evident when predicting the other indicators of epigenetic aging. In conclusion, against our hypothesis, frequent social interactions may relate to accelerated epigenetic aging in individuals at risk for psychosis. We speculate that this may be explained by social-cognitive impairments (perceiving social situations as overwhelming or excessively arousing) or ending up in less supportive or deviant social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara Marttila
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
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12
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Hakamaa E, Goebeler S, Martiskainen M, Louhelainen AM, Ahinko K, Lehtimäki T, Karhunen P. Sex differences in coronary atherosclerosis during the pre- and postmenopausal period: The Tampere Sudden Death Study. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117459. [PMID: 38364347 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Women are believed to be protected from coronary heart disease (CHD) by the effects of estrogen but detailed studies on the vessel wall level are missing. We aimed to measure sex differences in atherosclerosis during the premenopausal and postmenopausal periods directly at the coronary arteries. METHODS We analyzed statistics for sex differences in CHD mortality in Finland in 2020. Coronary atherosclerosis was measured using computer-assisted morphometry in 10-year age groups of 185 white Caucasian women and 515 men from the Tampere Sudden Death Study. RESULTS CHD mortality was rare in both women and men before 50 years of age. After 50 years of age, male mortality increased rapidly, with women reaching equal levels in the oldest age groups. In the autopsy series, there were no differences in fatty streak, fibrotic or calcified plaque areas, nor in the plaque area or stenosis percentage in coronary arteries between premenopausal women and men in the same age group. The plaque area remained 25 % smaller in both coronaries in postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years compared to men. In the oldest postmenopausal group (≥70 years), plaque area reached the level of men. In the postmenopausal period, coronary stenosis in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery remained lower among women. CONCLUSION We did not detect any major sex-difference in coronary atherosclerosis in the premenopausal period when women are considered to be protected from CHD. However, in line with CHD mortality statistics, postmenopausal women showed a slower speed of coronary atherosclerosis development compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hakamaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Pirkanmaa Hospital district, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | | | - Mika Martiskainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Pirkanmaa Hospital district, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Katja Ahinko
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Pirkanmaa Hospital district, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Karhunen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Pirkanmaa Hospital district, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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13
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Harville EW, Hakala JO, Rovio SP, Pahkala K, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T. Trajectories of cardiovascular risk predict pregnancy outcomes: The Bogalusa Heart Study and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2024; 38:168-179. [PMID: 37432549 PMCID: PMC10782826 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life course patterns of change in risk-trajectories-affect health. OBJECTIVES To examine how trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors are associated with pregnancy and birth outcomes. METHODS Data from two cohort studies participating in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Consortium-The Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; started in 1973, N = 903 for this analysis) and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS; started in 1980, N = 499) were used. Both followed children into adulthood and measured cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), total, lipoprotein (LDL)- and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Discrete mixture modelling was used to divide each cohort into distinct trajectories according to these risk factors from childhood to early adulthood, and these groups were then used to predict pregnancy outcomes including small for gestational age (SGA; <10th study-specific percentile of gestational age by sex), preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks' gestation), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with control for age at baseline and at first birth, parity, socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking. RESULTS The models created more trajectories for BMI, SBP and HDL-cholesterol in the YFS than in BHS, for which three classes generally seemed to be sufficient to represent the groups in the population across risk factors. In BHS, the association between the higher and flatter DBP trajectory and PTB was aRR 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 2.96. In BHS the association between consistent total cholesterol and PTB was aRR 2.16, 95% CI 1.22, 3.85 and in YFS the association between elevated high trajectory and PTB was aRR 3.35, 95% CI 1.28, 8.79. Elevated-increasing SBP was associated with a higher risk of GH in BHS and increasing or persistent-obese BMI trajectories were associated with GDM in both cohorts (BHS: aRR 3.51, 95% CI 1.95, 6.30; YFS: aRR 2.61, 95% CI 0.96, 7.08). CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of cardiovascular risk, particularly those that represent a consistent or more rapid worsening of cardiovascular health, are associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Juuso O. Hakala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P. Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520 Finland
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14
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Viinikainen J, Böckerman P, Willage B, Elovainio M, Kari JT, Lehtimäki T, Pehkonen J, Pitkänen N, Raitakari O. Effect of weight on depression using multiple genetic instruments. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297594. [PMID: 38394117 PMCID: PMC10889664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A striking global health development over the past few decades has been the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. At the same time, depression has become increasingly common in almost all high-income countries. We investigated whether body weight, measured by body mass index (BMI), has a causal effect on depression symptoms in Finland. Using data drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (N = 1,523, mean age 41.9, SD 5), we used linear regression to establish the relationship between BMI and depression symptoms measured by 21-item Beck's Depression Inventory. To identify causal relationships, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method with weighted sums of genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) as instruments for BMI. We employ instruments (polygenic risk scores, PGSs) with varying number of SNPs that are associated with BMI to evaluate the sensitivity of our results to instrument strength. Based on linear regressions, higher BMI was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms among females (b = 0.238, p = 0.000) and males (b = 0.117, p = 0.019). However, the MR results imply that the positive link applies only to females (b = 0.302, p = 0.007) but not to males (b = -0.070, p = 0.520). Poor instrument strength may explain why many previous studies that have utilized genetic instruments have been unable to identify a statistically significant link between BMI and depression-related traits. Although the number of genetic markers in the instrument had only a minor effect on the point estimates, the standard errors were much smaller when more powerful instruments were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Viinikainen
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Böckerman
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, Helsinki, Finland
- IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barton Willage
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado—Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana T. Kari
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko Pehkonen
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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15
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Li T, Ihanus A, Ohukainen P, Järvelin MR, Kähönen M, Kettunen J, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Mäkinen VP, Tynkkynen T, Ala-Korpela M. Clinical and biochemical associations of urinary metabolites: quantitative epidemiological approach on renal-cardiometabolic biomarkers. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad162. [PMID: 38030573 PMCID: PMC10859141 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary metabolomics has demonstrated considerable potential to assess kidney function and its metabolic corollaries in health and disease. However, applications in epidemiology remain sparse due to technical challenges. METHODS We added 17 metabolites to an open-access urinary nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform, extending the panel to 61 metabolites (n = 994). We also introduced automated quantification for 11 metabolites, extending the panel to 12 metabolites (+creatinine). Epidemiological associations between these 12 metabolites and 49 clinical measures were studied in three independent cohorts (up to 5989 participants). Detailed regression analyses with various confounding factors are presented for body mass index (BMI) and smoking. RESULTS Sex-specific population reference concentrations and distributions are provided for 61 urinary metabolites (419 men and 575 women), together with methodological intra-assay metabolite variations as well as the biological intra-individual and epidemiological population variations. For the 12 metabolites, 362 associations were found. These are mostly novel and reflect potential molecular proxies to estimate kidney function, as the associations cannot be simply explained by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Unspecific renal excretion results in leakage of amino acids (and glucose) to urine in all individuals. Seven urinary metabolites associated with smoking, providing questionnaire-independent proxy measures of smoking status in epidemiological studies. Common confounders did not affect metabolite associations with smoking, but insulin had a clear effect on most associations with BMI, including strong effects on 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, valine, alanine, trigonelline and hippurate. CONCLUSIONS Urinary metabolomics provides new insight on kidney function and related biomarkers on the renal-cardiometabolic system, supporting large-scale applications in epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrei Ihanus
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauli Ohukainen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Salminen SP, Solismaa A, Lyytikäinen LP, Paavonen V, Mononen N, Lehtimäki T, Leinonen E, Kampman O. Genetic risk scores associated with temperament clusters in Finnish depression patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:51-59. [PMID: 37665031 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cloninger's temperament dimensions have been studied widely in relation to genetics. In this study, we examined Cloninger's temperament dimensions grouped with cluster analyses and their association with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This study included 212 genotyped Finnish patients from the Ostrobothnia Depression Study. METHODS The temperament clusters were analysed at baseline and at six weeks from the beginning of the depression intervention study. We selected depression-related catecholamine and serotonin genes based on a literature search, and 59 SNPs from ten different genes were analysed. The associations of single SNPs with temperament clusters were studied. Using the selected genes, genetic risk score (GRS) analyses were conducted considering appropriate confounding factors. RESULTS No single SNP had a significant association with the temperament clusters. Associations between GRSs and temperament clusters were observed in multivariate models that were significant after permutation analyses. Two SNPs from the DRD3 gene, two SNPs from the SLC6A2 gene, one SNP from the SLC6A4 gene, and one SNP from the HTR2A gene associated with the HHA/LRD/LP (high harm avoidance, low reward dependence, low persistence) cluster at baseline. Two SNPs from the HTR2A gene were associated with the HHA/LRD/LP cluster at six weeks. Two SNPs from the HTR2A gene and two SNPs from the COMT gene were associated with the HP (high persistence) cluster at six weeks. CONCLUSION GRSs seem to associate with an individual's temperament profile, which can be observed in the clusters used. Further research needs to be conducted on these types of clusters and their clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo-Pekko Salminen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Solismaa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa Paavonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Esa Leinonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Psychiatry), Umeå University, and Västerbotten Welfare Region, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Psychiatry), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Vaasa, Finland
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17
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Petito LC, McCabe ME, Pool LR, Krefman AE, Perak AM, Marino BS, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Bazzano LA, Liu L, Pahkala K, Laitinen TT, Raitakari OT, Gooding HC, Daniels SR, Skinner AC, Greenland P, Davis MM, Wakschlag LS, Van Horn L, Hou L, Lloyd-Jones DM, Labarthe DR, Allen NB. A Proposed Pediatric Clinical Cardiovascular Health Reference Standard. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:216-225. [PMID: 37751803 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical cardiovascular health is a construct that includes 4 health factors-systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and body mass index-which together provide an evidence-based, more holistic view of cardiovascular health risk in adults than each component separately. Currently, no pediatric version of this construct exists. This study sought to develop sex-specific charts of clinical cardiovascular health for age to describe current patterns of clinical cardiovascular health throughout childhood. METHODS Data were used from children and adolescents aged 8-19 years in six pooled childhood cohorts (19,261 participants, collected between 1972 and 2010) to create reference standards for fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Using the models for glucose and cholesterol as well as previously published reference standards for body mass index and blood pressure, clinical cardiovascular health charts were developed. All models were estimated using sex-specific random-effects linear regression, and modeling was performed during 2020-2022. RESULTS Models were created to generate charts with smoothed means, percentiles, and standard deviations of clinical cardiovascular health for each year of childhood. For example, a 10-year-old girl with a body mass index of 16 kg/m2 (30th percentile), blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg (46th/50th), glucose of 80 mg/dL (31st), and total cholesterol of 160 mg/dL (46th) (lower implies better) would have a clinical cardiovascular health percentile of 62 (higher implies better). CONCLUSIONS Clinical cardiovascular health charts based on pediatric data offer a standardized approach to express clinical cardiovascular health as an age- and sex-standardized percentile for clinicians to assess cardiovascular health in childhood to consider preventive approaches at early ages and proactively optimize lifetime trajectories of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia C Petito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Megan E McCabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lindsay R Pool
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Amy E Krefman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Amanda M Perak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bradley S Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere - FCRCT, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere - FCRCT, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Holly C Gooding
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Asheley C Skinner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Darwin R Labarthe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Föhr T, Hendrix A, Kankaanpää A, Laakkonen EK, Kujala U, Pietiläinen KH, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Wang X, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M, Sillanpää E. Metabolic syndrome and epigenetic aging: a twin study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01466-x. [PMID: 38273034 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with premature aging, but whether this association is driven by genetic or lifestyle factors remains unclear. METHODS Two independent discovery cohorts, consisting of twins and unrelated individuals, were examined (N = 268, aged 23-69 years). The findings were replicated in two cohorts from the same base population. One consisted of unrelated individuals (N = 1 564), and the other of twins (N = 293). Participants' epigenetic age, estimated using blood DNA methylation data, was determined using the epigenetic clocks GrimAge and DunedinPACE. The individual-level linear regression models for investigating the associations of MetS and its components with epigenetic aging were followed by within-twin-pair analyses using fixed-effects regression models to account for genetic factors. RESULTS In individual-level analyses, GrimAge age acceleration was higher among participants with MetS (N = 56) compared to participants without MetS (N = 212) (mean 2.078 [95% CI = 0.996,3.160] years vs. -0.549 [-1.053,-0.045] years, between-group p = 3.5E-5). Likewise, the DunedinPACE estimate was higher among the participants with MetS compared to the participants without MetS (1.032 [1.002,1.063] years/calendar year vs. 0.911 [0.896,0.927] years/calendar year, p = 4.8E-11). An adverse profile in terms of specific MetS components was associated with accelerated aging. However, adjustments for lifestyle attenuated these associations; nevertheless, for DunedinPACE, they remained statistically significant. The within-twin-pair analyses suggested that genetics explains these associations fully for GrimAge and partly for DunedinPACE. The replication analyses provided additional evidence that the association between MetS components and accelerated aging is independent of the lifestyle factors considered in this study, however, suggesting that genetics is a significant confounder in this association. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggests that MetS is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, independent of physical activity, smoking or alcohol consumption, and that the association may be explained by genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Föhr
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Arne Hendrix
- Physical Activity, Sport & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Kankaanpää
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Healthy Weight Hub, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute (GPI), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Scholz M, Horn K, Pott J, Wuttke M, Kühnapfel A, Nasr MK, Kirsten H, Li Y, Hoppmann A, Gorski M, Ghasemi S, Li M, Tin A, Chai JF, Cocca M, Wang J, Nutile T, Akiyama M, Åsvold BO, Bansal N, Biggs ML, Boutin T, Brenner H, Brumpton B, Burkhardt R, Cai J, Campbell A, Campbell H, Chalmers J, Chasman DI, Chee ML, Chee ML, Chen X, Cheng CY, Cifkova R, Daviglus M, Delgado G, Dittrich K, Edwards TL, Endlich K, Michael Gaziano J, Giri A, Giulianini F, Gordon SD, Gudbjartsson DF, Hallan S, Hamet P, Hartman CA, Hayward C, Heid IM, Hellwege JN, Holleczek B, Holm H, Hutri-Kähönen N, Hveem K, Isermann B, Jonas JB, Joshi PK, Kamatani Y, Kanai M, Kastarinen M, Khor CC, Kiess W, Kleber ME, Körner A, Kovacs P, Krajcoviechova A, Kramer H, Krämer BK, Kuokkanen M, Kähönen M, Lange LA, Lash JP, Lehtimäki T, Li H, Lin BM, Liu J, Loeffler M, Lyytikäinen LP, Magnusson PKE, Martin NG, Matsuda K, Milaneschi Y, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Mychaleckyj JC, März W, Nauck M, Nikus K, Nolte IM, Noordam R, Okada Y, Olafsson I, Oldehinkel AJ, Penninx BWJH, Perola M, Pirastu N, Polasek O, Porteous DJ, Poulain T, Psaty BM, Rabelink TJ, Raffield LM, Raitakari OT, Rasheed H, Reilly DF, Rice KM, Richmond A, Ridker PM, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Sabanayagam C, Salomaa V, Schneiderman N, Schöttker B, Sims M, Snieder H, Stark KJ, Stefansson K, Stocker H, Stumvoll M, Sulem P, Sveinbjornsson G, Svensson PO, Tai ES, Taylor KD, Tayo BO, Teren A, Tham YC, Thiery J, Thio CHL, Thomas LF, Tremblay J, Tönjes A, van der Most PJ, Vitart V, Völker U, Wang YX, Wang C, Wei WB, Whitfield JB, Wild SH, Wilson JF, Winkler TW, Wong TY, Woodward M, Sim X, Chu AY, Feitosa MF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Hung AM, Teumer A, Franceschini N, Parsa A, Köttgen A, Schlosser P, Pattaro C. X-chromosome and kidney function: evidence from a multi-trait genetic analysis of 908,697 individuals reveals sex-specific and sex-differential findings in genes regulated by androgen response elements. Nat Commun 2024; 15:586. [PMID: 38233393 PMCID: PMC10794254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
X-chromosomal genetic variants are understudied but can yield valuable insights into sexually dimorphic human traits and diseases. We performed a sex-stratified cross-ancestry X-chromosome-wide association meta-analysis of seven kidney-related traits (n = 908,697), identifying 23 loci genome-wide significantly associated with two of the traits: 7 for uric acid and 16 for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), including four novel eGFR loci containing the functionally plausible prioritized genes ACSL4, CLDN2, TSPAN6 and the female-specific DRP2. Further, we identified five novel sex-interactions, comprising male-specific effects at FAM9B and AR/EDA2R, and three sex-differential findings with larger genetic effect sizes in males at DCAF12L1 and MST4 and larger effect sizes in females at HPRT1. All prioritized genes in loci showing significant sex-interactions were located next to androgen response elements (ARE). Five ARE genes showed sex-differential expressions. This study contributes new insights into sex-dimorphisms of kidney traits along with new prioritized gene targets for further molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttke
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV - Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kühnapfel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Kamal Nasr
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anselm Hoppmann
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sahar Ghasemi
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Man Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Judy Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nisha Bansal
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miao Ling Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renata Cifkova
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Medicine II, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katalin Dittrich
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Unit, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Iceland School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stein Hallan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Montreal University Hospital Research Center, CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Medpharmgene, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berend Isermann
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Unit, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Unit, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alena Krajcoviechova
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Holly Kramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hengtong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bridget M Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Biostatistics Unit - Population and Medical Genomics Programme, Genomics Research Centre, Human Technopole Palazzo Italia, Viale Rita Levi‑Montalcini, 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | | | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Unit, Medical Faculty, University Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Richmond
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California at Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannah Stocker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Per O Svensson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrej Teren
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University, Campus Klinikum Bielefeld, Teutoburger Straße 50, 33604, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chris H L Thio
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Montreal University Hospital Research Center, CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - James F Wilson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Adriana M Hung
- Department of Veteran's Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pascal Schlosser
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Data Driven Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated with the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
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20
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Bradfield JP, Kember RL, Ulrich A, Balkiyarova Z, Alyass A, Aris IM, Bell JA, Broadaway KA, Chen Z, Chai JF, Davies NM, Fernandez-Orth D, Bustamante M, Fore R, Ganguli A, Heiskala A, Hottenga JJ, Íñiguez C, Kobes S, Leinonen J, Lowry E, Lyytikainen LP, Mahajan A, Pitkänen N, Schnurr TM, Have CT, Strachan DP, Thiering E, Vogelezang S, Wade KH, Wang CA, Wong A, Holm LA, Chesi A, Choong C, Cruz M, Elliott P, Franks S, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Gauderman WJ, Glessner JT, Gilsanz V, Griesman K, Hanson RL, Kaakinen M, Kalkwarf H, Kelly A, Kindler J, Kähönen M, Lanca C, Lappe J, Lee NR, McCormack S, Mentch FD, Mitchell JA, Mononen N, Niinikoski H, Oken E, Pahkala K, Sim X, Teo YY, Baier LJ, van Beijsterveldt T, Adair LS, Boomsma DI, de Geus E, Guxens M, Eriksson JG, Felix JF, Gilliland FD, Biobank PM, Hansen T, Hardy R, Hivert MF, Holm JC, Jaddoe VWV, Järvelin MR, Lehtimäki T, Mackey DA, Meyre D, Mohlke KL, Mykkänen J, Oberfield S, Pennell CE, Perry JRB, Raitakari O, Rivadeneira F, Saw SM, Sebert S, Shepherd JA, Standl M, Sørensen TIA, Timpson NJ, Torrent M, Willemsen G, Hypponen E, Power C, McCarthy MI, Freathy RM, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Prokopenko I, Voight BF, Zemel BS, Grant SFA, Cousminer DL. Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes. Genome Biol 2024; 25:22. [PMID: 38229171 PMCID: PMC10790528 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pubertal growth patterns correlate with future health outcomes. However, the genetic mechanisms mediating growth trajectories remain largely unknown. Here, we modeled longitudinal height growth with Super-Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) growth curve analysis on ~ 56,000 trans-ancestry samples with repeated height measurements from age 5 years to adulthood. We performed genetic analysis on six phenotypes representing the magnitude, timing, and intensity of the pubertal growth spurt. To investigate the lifelong impact of genetic variants associated with pubertal growth trajectories, we performed genetic correlation analyses and phenome-wide association studies in the Penn Medicine BioBank and the UK Biobank. RESULTS Large-scale growth modeling enables an unprecedented view of adolescent growth across contemporary and 20th-century pediatric cohorts. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci and leverage trans-ancestry data to perform fine-mapping. Our data reveals genetic relationships between pediatric height growth and health across the life course, with different growth trajectories correlated with different outcomes. For instance, a faster tempo of pubertal growth correlates with higher bone mineral density, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, type 2 diabetes, and lung cancer, whereas being taller at early puberty, taller across puberty, and having quicker pubertal growth were associated with higher risk for atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION We report novel genetic associations with the tempo of pubertal growth and find that genetic determinants of growth are correlated with reproductive, glycemic, respiratory, and cardiac traits in adulthood. These results aid in identifying specific growth trajectories impacting lifelong health and show that there may not be a single "optimal" pubertal growth pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhanna Balkiyarova
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Akram Alyass
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neil M Davies
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Ruby Fore
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amitavo Ganguli
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anni Heiskala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Center, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jaakko Leinonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Estelle Lowry
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikainen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Theil Have
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Suzanne Vogelezang
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Louise Aas Holm
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Choong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Elliott
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Steve Franks
- Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vicente Gilsanz
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Center, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Heidi Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Kindler
- College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carla Lanca
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joan Lappe
- Department of Medicine and College of Nursing, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NB, USA
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Shana McCormack
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Center, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Toos van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | | | - Torben Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Cohort and Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resources (CLOSER), UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - David A Mackey
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Inserm UMR_S1256 Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risk Exposure, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Biology-Nutrition, University Hospital Centre of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sharon Oberfield
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - John R B Perry
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - John A Shepherd
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Science, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maties Torrent
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears - IdISBa, Palma, Spain
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elina Hypponen
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Power
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Current Address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UMR 8199 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Currently Employed By GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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21
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Korpimäki S, Rovio SP, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki T, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Loo BM, Männistö S, Tammelin T, Haarala A, Aatola H, Komar G, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Pahkala K. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Incidence and Remission and Their Predictors During 7 Years of Follow-up Among Finns. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e291-e305. [PMID: 37463486 PMCID: PMC10735312 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The incidence and remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are sparsely studied outside Asia. OBJECTIVE This prospective study aimed to investigate NAFLD incidence and remission, and their predictors among a general Finnish population. METHODS The applied cohort included 1260 repeatedly studied middle-aged participants with data on liver ultrasound and no excessive alcohol intake. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound with a 7.2-year study interval. Comprehensive data on health parameters and lifestyle factors were available. RESULTS At baseline, 1079 participants did not have NAFLD, and during the study period 198 of them developed NAFLD. Of the 181 participants with NAFLD at baseline, 40 achieved NAFLD remission. Taking multicollinearity into account, key predictors for incident NAFLD were baseline age (odds ratio 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13; P = .009), waist circumference (WC) (2.77, 1.91-4.01 per 1 SD; P < .001), and triglycerides (2.31, 1.53-3.51 per 1 SD; P < .001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (1.90, 1.20-3.00 per 1 SD; P = .006) concentrations as well as body mass index (BMI) change (4.12, 3.02-5.63 per 1 SD; P < .001). Predictors of NAFLD remission were baseline aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) concentration (0.23, 0.08-0.67 per 1 SD; P = .007) and WC change (0.38, 0.25-0.59 per 1 SD; P < .001). CONCLUSION During follow-up, NAFLD developed for every fifth participant without NAFLD at baseline, and one-fifth of those with NAFLD at baseline had achieved NAFLD remission. NAFLD became more prevalent during the follow-up period. From a clinical perspective, key factors predicting NAFLD incidence and remission were BMI and WC change independent of their baseline level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Korpimäki
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social Studies, Jamk University of Applied Sciences, 40101 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Atte Haarala
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Aatola
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Gaber Komar
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
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22
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Saarinen A, Hietala J, Lyytikäinen LP, Hamal Mishra B, Sormunen E, Lavonius V, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia predicting social trajectories in a general population sample. Psychol Med 2023:1-9. [PMID: 38047377 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300346x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated (a) whether polygenic risk for schizophrenia predicts different trajectories of social development among those who have not developed psychoses and (b) whether possible associations are PRSSCZ-specific or evident also for any polygenic risk for mental disorders, e.g. for major depression. METHODS Participants came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 2377). We calculated a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRSSCZ) and for major depression (PRSDEP). Diagnoses of psychotic disorders were derived from the hospital care register. Social development from adolescence to middle age was measured by (a) perceived social support from friends, family, and a close other, (b) perceived sociability, and (c) family structure (partnership status, number of children, age of first-time parenthood). RESULTS Among those without manifest psychoses, high PRSSCZ predicted lower experienced support from friends (B = -0.04, p = 0.009-0.035) and family (B = -0.04, p = 0.009-0.035) especially after early adulthood, and also lower perceived sociability (B = -0.05, p = 0.010-0.026). PRSSCZ was not related to family structure. PRSDEP did not predict any domain of social development. CONCLUSIONS Individuals at high PRSSCZ (not converted to psychosis) seem to experience a lower preference to be with others over being alone. Individuals with high (v. low) PRSSCZ seem to have a similar family structure in terms of partnership status or number of children but, nevertheless, they experience less support from their family. Among those not converted to psychosis in a typical age period, high PRSSCZ may predict a 'later risk phase' and reduced functional resilience when approaching middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha Hamal Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veikka Lavonius
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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23
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Keshawarz A, Joehanes R, Ma J, Lee GY, Costeira R, Tsai PC, Masachs OM, Bell JT, Wilson R, Thorand B, Winkelmann J, Peters A, Linseisen J, Waldenberger M, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Helminen M, Wang CA, Melton PE, Huang RC, Pennell CE, O’Sullivan TA, Ochoa-Rosales C, Voortman T, van Meurs JB, Young KL, Graff M, Wang Y, Kiel DP, Smith CE, Jacques PF, Levy D. Dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E is associated with altered DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2211361. [PMID: 37233989 PMCID: PMC10228397 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2211361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E protect against oxidative stress, and may also be associated with altered DNA methylation patterns. METHODS We meta-analysed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from 11,866 participants across eight population-based cohorts to evaluate the association between self-reported dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E with DNA methylation. EWAS were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, caloric intake, blood cell type proportion, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and technical covariates. Significant results of the meta-analysis were subsequently evaluated in gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis. RESULTS In meta-analysis, methylation at 4,656 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin C intake at FDR ≤ 0.05. The most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin C (at FDR ≤ 0.01) were enriched for pathways associated with systems development and cell signalling in GSEA, and were associated with downstream expression of genes enriched in the immune response in eQTM analysis. Furthermore, methylation at 160 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin E intake at FDR ≤ 0.05, but GSEA and eQTM analysis of the top most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin E did not identify significant enrichment of any biological pathways investigated. CONCLUSIONS We identified significant associations of many CpG sites with vitamin C and E intake, and our results suggest that vitamin C intake may be associated with systems development and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gha Young Lee
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo Costeira
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Olatz M. Masachs
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), München Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Augsburg at University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), München Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Helminen
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce B.J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin L. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Hebrew Senior Life, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Hebrew Senior Life, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Hebrew Senior Life, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren E. Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F. Jacques
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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Kähönen E, Korpimäki S, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood and risk of arterial stiffness: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Blood Press 2023; 32:2220037. [PMID: 37300298 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2220037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Individual socioeconomic status is associated with increased arterial stiffness, but limited data are available on the relations of neighbourhood deprivation with this vascular measure. We prospectively examined whether neighbourhood deprivation in childhood and adulthood predicts arterial stiffness indicated by pulse wave velocity (PWV).Materials and methods: The study population comprised 1,761 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort study. PWV was measured in 2007 by whole-body impedance cardiography at ages 30-45 years. Cumulative lifetime neighbourhood deprivation was assessed using data from socioeconomic circumstances in participants' lifetime residential neighbourhoods, categorised as low versus high deprivation.Results: High deprivation in childhood and adulthood was associated with higher PWV in adulthood after adjustment for age, sex, and place of birth (mean difference = 0.57 m/s, 95%CI = 0.26-0.88, P for trend = 0.0004). This association was attenuated but remained statistically significant after further adjustment for childhood parental socioeconomic status and adulthood individual socioeconomic status (mean difference = 0.37 m/s, 95%CI = 0.05-0.70, P for trend 0.048). Also, low individual socioeconomic status in adulthood was associated with higher PWV when adjusted for age, sex, place of birth, parental socioeconomic status in childhood, and lifetime neighbourhood deprivation (mean difference = 0.54 m/s, 95%CI = 0.23-0.84, P for trend 0.0001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that lifetime neighbourhood deprivation and low adulthood socioeconomic status are independent risk factors for increased arterial stiffness in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Korpimäki
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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25
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Patrakka O, Tuomisto S, Pienimäki J, Ollikainen J, Oksala N, Lampinen V, Ojanen MJT, Huhtala H, Hytönen VP, Lehtimäki T, Martiskainen M, Karhunen PJ. Thrombus Aspirates From Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Are Infiltrated by Viridans Streptococci. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030639. [PMID: 37982253 PMCID: PMC10727284 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke may be due to embolism from ruptured atherosclerotic carotid arteries. DNA of oral bacteria, mainly the viridans streptococci group, has been detected in thrombus aspirates of patients with ischemic stroke as well as in carotid endarterectomy samples. Because viridans streptococci are known to possess thrombogenic properties, we studied whether their presence in thrombus aspirates and in carotid artery specimens can be confirmed using bacterial immunohistochemistry. METHODS AND RESULTS Thrombus aspirates from 61 patients with ischemic stroke (70.5% men; mean age, 66.8 years) treated with mechanical thrombectomy, as well as carotid endarterectomy samples from 20 symptomatic patients (65.0% men; mean age, 66.2 years) and 48 carotid artery samples from nonstroke autopsy cases (62.5% men; mean age, 66.4 years), were immunostained with an antibody cocktail against 3 species (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus gordonii) of viridans streptococci. Of the thrombus aspirates, 84.8% were immunopositive for viridans streptococci group bacteria, as were 80.0% of the carotid endarterectomy samples, whereas immunopositivity was observed in 31.3% of the carotid artery samples from nonstroke autopsies. Most streptococci were detected inside neutrophil granulocytes, but there were also remnants of bacterial biofilm as well as free bacterial infiltrates in some samples. CONCLUSIONS Oral streptococci were found in aspirated thrombi of patients with acute ischemic stroke as well as in carotid artery samples. Our results suggest that viridans streptococci group bacteria may play a role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Patrakka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
| | - Sari Tuomisto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
| | | | - Jyrki Ollikainen
- Department of NeurologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Niku Oksala
- Vascular CentreTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Vili Lampinen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
| | - Markus J. T. Ojanen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center TampereTampereFinland
| | - Mika Martiskainen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
- National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka J. Karhunen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere University and Fimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
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Lau CHE, Manou M, Markozannes G, Ala-Korpela M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Chaturvedi N, Engmann J, Gentry-Maharaj A, Herzig KH, Hingorani A, Järvelin MR, Kähönen M, Kivimäki M, Lehtimäki T, Marttila S, Menon U, Munroe PB, Palaniswamy S, Providencia R, Raitakari O, Schmidt F, Sebert S, Wong A, Vineis P, Tzoulaki I, Robinson O. NMR metabolomic modelling of age and lifespan: a multi-cohort analysis. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.07.23298200. [PMID: 37986811 PMCID: PMC10659522 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.23298200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic age models have been proposed for the study of biological aging, however they have not been widely validated. We aimed to assess the performance of newly developed and existing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomic age models for prediction of chronological age (CA), mortality, and age-related disease. 98 metabolic variables were measured in blood from nine UK and Finnish cohort studies (N ≈ 31,000 individuals, age range 24-86 years). We used non-linear and penalised regression to model CA and time to all-cause mortality. We examined associations of four new and two previously published metabolomic age models, with ageing risk factors and phenotypes. Within the UK Biobank (N≈ 102,000), we tested prediction of CA, incident disease (cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and all-cause mortality. Cross-validated Pearson's r between metabolomic age models and CA ranged between 0.47-0.65 in the training set (mean absolute error: 8-9 years). Metabolomic age models, adjusted for CA, were associated with C-reactive protein, and inversely associated with glomerular filtration rate. Positively associated risk factors included obesity, diabetes, smoking, and physical inactivity. In UK Biobank, correlations of metabolomic age with chronological age were modest (r = 0.29-0.33), yet all metabolomic model scores predicted mortality (hazard ratios of 1.01 to 1.06 / metabolomic age year) and CVD, after adjustment for CA. While metabolomic age models were only moderately associated with CA in an independent population, they provided additional prediction of morbidity and mortality over CA itself, suggesting their wider applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho E. Lau
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Manou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, UK
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Women’s Cancer, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women’s Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University; Finland
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Marttila
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Tampere University, Finland
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- National Institute of Health and Care Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Saranya Palaniswamy
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rui Providencia
- Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Floriaan Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UCL BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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27
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de Las Fuentes L, Schwander KL, Brown MR, Bentley AR, Winkler TW, Sung YJ, Munroe PB, Miller CL, Aschard H, Aslibekyan S, Bartz TM, Bielak LF, Chai JF, Cheng CY, Dorajoo R, Feitosa MF, Guo X, Hartwig FP, Horimoto A, Kolčić I, Lim E, Liu Y, Manning AK, Marten J, Musani SK, Noordam R, Padmanabhan S, Rankinen T, Richard MA, Ridker PM, Smith AV, Vojinovic D, Zonderman AB, Alver M, Boissel M, Christensen K, Freedman BI, Gao C, Giulianini F, Harris SE, He M, Hsu FC, Kühnel B, Laguzzi F, Li X, Lyytikäinen LP, Nolte IM, Poveda A, Rauramaa R, Riaz M, Robino A, Sofer T, Takeuchi F, Tayo BO, van der Most PJ, Verweij N, Ware EB, Weiss S, Wen W, Yanek LR, Zhan Y, Amin N, Arking DE, Ballantyne C, Boerwinkle E, Brody JA, Broeckel U, Campbell A, Canouil M, Chai X, Chen YDI, Chen X, Chitrala KN, Concas MP, de Faire U, de Mutsert R, de Silva HJ, de Vries PS, Do A, Faul JD, Fisher V, Floyd JS, Forrester T, Friedlander Y, Girotto G, Gu CC, Hallmans G, Heikkinen S, Heng CK, Homuth G, Hunt S, Ikram MA, Jacobs DR, Kavousi M, Khor CC, Kilpeläinen TO, Koh WP, Komulainen P, Langefeld CD, Liang J, Liu K, Liu J, Lohman K, Mägi R, Manichaikul AW, McKenzie CA, Meitinger T, Milaneschi Y, Nauck M, Nelson CP, O'Connell JR, Palmer ND, Pereira AC, Perls T, Peters A, Polašek O, Raitakari OT, Rice K, Rice TK, Rich SS, Sabanayagam C, Schreiner PJ, Shu XO, Sidney S, Sims M, Smith JA, Starr JM, Strauch K, Tai ES, Taylor KD, Tsai MY, Uitterlinden AG, van Heemst D, Waldenberger M, Wang YX, Wei WB, Wilson G, Xuan D, Yao J, Yu C, Yuan JM, Zhao W, Becker DM, Bonnefond A, Bowden DW, Cooper RS, Deary IJ, Divers J, Esko T, Franks PW, Froguel P, Gieger C, Jonas JB, Kato N, Lakka TA, Leander K, Lehtimäki T, Magnusson PKE, North KE, Ntalla I, Penninx B, Samani NJ, Snieder H, Spedicati B, van der Harst P, Völzke H, Wagenknecht LE, Weir DR, Wojczynski MK, Wu T, Zheng W, Zhu X, Bouchard C, Chasman DI, Evans MK, Fox ER, Gudnason V, Hayward C, Horta BL, Kardia SLR, Krieger JE, Mook-Kanamori DO, Peyser PA, Province MM, Psaty BM, Rudan I, Sim X, Smith BH, van Dam RM, van Duijn CM, Wong TY, Arnett DK, Rao DC, Gauderman J, Liu CT, Morrison AC, Rotter JI, Fornage M. Gene-educational attainment interactions in a multi-population genome-wide meta-analysis identify novel lipid loci. Front Genet 2023; 14:1235337. [PMID: 38028628 PMCID: PMC10651736 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1235337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Educational attainment, widely used in epidemiologic studies as a surrogate for socioeconomic status, is a predictor of cardiovascular health outcomes. Methods: A two-stage genome-wide meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels was performed while accounting for gene-educational attainment interactions in up to 226,315 individuals from five population groups. We considered two educational attainment variables: "Some College" (yes/no, for any education beyond high school) and "Graduated College" (yes/no, for completing a 4-year college degree). Genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10-8) and suggestive (p < 1 × 10-6) variants were identified in Stage 1 (in up to 108,784 individuals) through genome-wide analysis, and those variants were followed up in Stage 2 studies (in up to 117,531 individuals). Results: In combined analysis of Stages 1 and 2, we identified 18 novel lipid loci (nine for LDL, seven for HDL, and two for TG) by two degree-of-freedom (2 DF) joint tests of main and interaction effects. Four loci showed significant interaction with educational attainment. Two loci were significant only in cross-population analyses. Several loci include genes with known or suggested roles in adipose (FOXP1, MBOAT4, SKP2, STIM1, STX4), brain (BRI3, FILIP1, FOXP1, LINC00290, LMTK2, MBOAT4, MYO6, SENP6, SRGAP3, STIM1, TMEM167A, TMEM30A), and liver (BRI3, FOXP1) biology, highlighting the potential importance of brain-adipose-liver communication in the regulation of lipid metabolism. An investigation of the potential druggability of genes in identified loci resulted in five gene targets shown to interact with drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, including genes with roles in adipose and brain tissue. Discussion: Genome-wide interaction analysis of educational attainment identified novel lipid loci not previously detected by analyses limited to main genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Karen L Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hugo Aschard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Département de Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fernando P Hartwig
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Horimoto
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Melissa A Richard
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Dina Vojinovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maris Alver
- Estonian Genome Center, Insititute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mathilde Boissel
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chuan Gao
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald and University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- Department of Genetic Medicine, McKusick-Nathans Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christie Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Section on Genomic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Data Science Unit, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ahn Do
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Virginia Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James S Floyd
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Section for Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald and University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steven Hunt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kiang Liu
- Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Insititute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Colin A McKenzie
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Nauck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Treva K Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Mario Sims
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ya-Xing Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wei
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory Wilson
- Jackson Heart Study Graduate Training Center, School of Public, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Deng Xuan
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caizheng Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Diane M Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Insititute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philippe Froguel
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karin Leander
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Harold Snieder
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jose Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael M Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, Dean's Office, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Zhou B, Sheffer KE, Bennett JE, Gregg EW, Danaei G, Singleton RK, Shaw JE, Mishra A, Lhoste VPF, Carrillo-Larco RM, Kengne AP, Phelps NH, Heap RA, Rayner AW, Stevens GA, Paciorek CJ, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Vander Hoorn S, Lu Y, Pavkov ME, Imperatore G, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ahmad NA, Anjana RM, Davletov K, Farzadfar F, González-Villalpando C, Khang YH, Kim HC, Laatikainen T, Laxmaiah A, Mbanya JCN, Narayan KMV, Ramachandran A, Wade AN, Zdrojewski T, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Rahim HFA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Adambekov S, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Agyemang C, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmadi N, Ahmed SH, Ajlouni K, Al-Hinai H, Al-Lahou B, Al-Lawati JA, Asfoor DA, Al Qaoud NM, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Aldwairji MA, Ali MM, Alinezhad F, Alkandari A, Alomirah HF, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Andrade DS, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Aris T, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Assah FK, Assembekov B, Auvinen J, Avdičová M, Azad K, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Bacopoulou F, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Baretić M, Barrera L, Basit A, Batieha AM, Batista AP, Baur LA, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benet M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Berrios Carrasola X, Bettiol H, Beybey AF, Bhargava SK, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boggia JG, Bonaccio M, Bonilla-Vargas A, Borghs H, Bovet P, Brajkovich I, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Briceño Y, Brito M, Bugge A, Buntinx F, Cabrera de León A, Caixeta RB, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana MV, Čapková N, Capuano E, Capuano R, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Casanueva FF, Censi L, Cervantes‐Loaiza M, Chamnan P, Chamukuttan S, Chan Q, Charchar FJ, Chaturvedi N, Chen H, Cheraghian B, Chirlaque MD, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cirillo M, Claessens F, Cohen E, Concin H, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Cruz JJ, Cureau FV, Cuschieri S, D’Arrigo G, d’Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Dastgiri S, De Curtis A, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, Deepa M, DeGennaro V, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Donfrancesco C, Dong G, Dorobantu M, Dörr M, Dragano N, Drygas W, Du Y, Duante CA, Duboz P, Dushpanova A, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Ebrahimi N, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Efthymiou V, Egbagbe EE, Eghtesad S, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Elosua R, Enang O, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Ergor G, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Esmaeili A, Evans RG, Fakhradiyev I, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farzi Y, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferreira HS, Ferrer E, Feskens EJM, Flood D, Forsner M, Fosse S, Fottrell EF, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Frontera G, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Garnett SP, Gasull M, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Ghaderi E, Ghamari SH, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Ghimire A, Gialluisi A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Goltzman D, Gomula A, Gonçalves H, Gonçalves M, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Grafnetter D, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Guerrero R, Gujral UP, Gupta R, Gutierrez L, Gwee X, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hanekom WA, Hange D, Hantunen S, Hao J, Hari Kumar R, Harooni J, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hata J, Heidemann C, Henrique RDS, Herrala S, Herzig KH, Heshmat R, Ho SY, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga C, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Iacoviello L, Iakupova EM, Iannone AG, Ibrahim Wong N, Ijoma C, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Isiguzo GC, Islam SMS, Islek D, Ittermann T, Iwasaki M, Jääskeläinen T, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jadoul M, Jallow B, James K, Jamil KM, Janus E, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelaković A, Jelaković B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Joshi P, Josipović J, Joukar F, Jóźwiak J, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Kauhanen J, Kazakbaeva GM, Kaze FF, Ke C, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Keramati M, Kersting M, Khader YS, Khaledifar A, Khalili D, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl SJ, Kiechl S, Kingston A, Klakk H, Klanova J, Knoflach M, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Kromhout D, Kubinova R, Kujala UM, Kulimbet M, Kurjata P, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Labadarios D, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lall L, Lankila T, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Laurenzi M, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Leung GM, Li Y, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu X, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lustigová M, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Macia E, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maestre GE, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Makdisse M, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina S, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mannix MI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Mariño J, Marques LP, Martorell R, Mascarenhas LP, Masinaei M, Mathiesen EB, Matsha TE, Mc Donald Posso AJ, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, Mediene Benchekor S, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Melgarejo JD, Méndez F, Menezes AMB, Mereke A, Meshram II, Meto DT, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadi MR, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Montenegro Mendoza RA, Monterrubio-Flores E, Moosazadeh M, Moradpour F, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Moslem A, Mosquera M, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mostafavi SA, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muiesan ML, Mursu J, Musa KI, Mustafa N, Muyer MTMC, Nabipour I, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Námešná J, Nangia VB, Naseri T, Neelapaichit N, Nejatizadeh A, Nenko I, Nervi F, Ng TP, Nguyen CT, Nguyen QN, Ni MY, Nie P, Nieto-Martínez RE, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, O’Neill TW, Odili AN, Oh K, Ohtsuka R, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Onodugo O, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz PJ, Osmond C, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Ottendahl CB, Otu A, Owusu-Dabo E, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Paoli M, Park S, Parsaeian M, Patel ND, Pechlaner R, Pećin I, Pedro JM, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Pessôa dos Prazeres TM, Peykari N, Phall MC, Pham ST, Phan HH, Pichardo RN, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Piler P, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Plata S, Porta M, Poudyal A, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Puhakka S, Punab M, Qorbani M, Quintana HK, Quoc Bao T, Rahimikazerooni S, Raitakari O, Ramirez-Zea M, Ramke J, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rangel Reina DA, Rashidi MM, Redon J, Renner JDP, Reuter CP, Revilla L, Rezaei N, Rezaianzadeh A, Rigo F, Roa RG, Robinson L, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rodríguez AY, Roggenbuck U, Rohloff P, Romeo EL, Rosengren A, Rubinstein A, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabbaghi H, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saghi MH, Saidi O, Saki N, Šalaj S, Salanave B, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Santos DA, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos TR, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Scheidt-Nave C, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Sein AA, Sepanlou SG, Sewpaul R, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Sharman A, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sparrenberger K, Staessen JA, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stessman J, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Suarez-Ortegón MF, Suebsamran P, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Tamosiunas A, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tello T, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Tomaszewski M, Topbas M, Torres-Collado L, Traissac P, Triantafyllou A, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tuomainen TP, Tzala E, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, van Zutphen EM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vasan SK, Vega T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Verstraeten R, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Viswanathan B, Voutilainen A, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wang C, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Webster-Kerr K, Wedderkopp N, Wei W, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong A, Wong EB, Woodward M, Wu FC, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yan L, Yan W, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zaw KK, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang ZY, Zholdin B, Zimmet P, Zitt E, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M. Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Nat Med 2023; 29:2885-2901. [PMID: 37946056 PMCID: PMC10667106 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.
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Shrine N, Izquierdo AG, Chen J, Packer R, Hall RJ, Guyatt AL, Batini C, Thompson RJ, Pavuluri C, Malik V, Hobbs BD, Moll M, Kim W, Tal-Singer R, Bakke P, Fawcett KA, John C, Coley K, Piga NN, Pozarickij A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Chen Z, Li L, Wijnant SRA, Lahousse L, Brusselle G, Uitterlinden AG, Manichaikul A, Oelsner EC, Rich SS, Barr RG, Kerr SM, Vitart V, Brown MR, Wielscher M, Imboden M, Jeong A, Bartz TM, Gharib SA, Flexeder C, Karrasch S, Gieger C, Peters A, Stubbe B, Hu X, Ortega VE, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Gabriel SB, Gupta N, Smith AV, Luan J, Zhao JH, Hansen AF, Langhammer A, Willer C, Bhatta L, Porteous D, Smith BH, Campbell A, Sofer T, Lee J, Daviglus ML, Yu B, Lim E, Xu H, O'Connor GT, Thareja G, Albagha OME, Suhre K, Granell R, Faquih TO, Hiemstra PS, Slats AM, Mullin BH, Hui J, James A, Beilby J, Patasova K, Hysi P, Koskela JT, Wyss AB, Jin J, Sikdar S, Lee M, May-Wilson S, Pirastu N, Kentistou KA, Joshi PK, Timmers PRHJ, Williams AT, Free RC, Wang X, Morrison JL, Gilliland FD, Chen Z, Wang CA, Foong RE, Harris SE, Taylor A, Redmond P, Cook JP, Mahajan A, Lind L, Palviainen T, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Kaprio J, Rantanen T, Pietiläinen KH, Cox SR, Pennell CE, Hall GL, Gauderman WJ, Brightling C, Wilson JF, Vasankari T, Laitinen T, Salomaa V, Mook-Kanamori DO, Timpson NJ, Zeggini E, Dupuis J, Hayward C, Brumpton B, Langenberg C, Weiss S, Homuth G, Schmidt CO, Probst-Hensch N, Jarvelin MR, Morrison AC, Polasek O, Rudan I, Lee JH, Sayers I, Rawlins EL, Dudbridge F, Silverman EK, Strachan DP, Walters RG, Morris AP, London SJ, Cho MH, Wain LV, Hall IP, Tobin MD. Author Correction: Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1778-1779. [PMID: 37749248 PMCID: PMC10562210 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Shrine
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Abril G Izquierdo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Packer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert J Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Thompson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chandan Pavuluri
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vidhi Malik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, Unversity of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine A Fawcett
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kayesha Coley
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Noemi Nicole Piga
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alfred Pozarickij
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sara R A Wijnant
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent Universital Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent Universital Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shona M Kerr
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Medea Imboden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayoung Jeong
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Namrata Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Department of Public and Primary Care, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ailin F Hansen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M E Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tariq O Faquih
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies M Slats
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karina Patasova
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jukka T Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Sinjini Sikdar
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Mikyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian May-Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander T Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert C Free
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John L Morrison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel E Foong
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity and Abdominal Centers, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Brightling
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tuula Vasankari
- FILHA-Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Laitinen
- Administration Center, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- ALSPAC, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Brumpton
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust-CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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Kavousi M, Bos MM, Barnes HJ, Lino Cardenas CL, Wong D, Lu H, Hodonsky CJ, Landsmeer LPL, Turner AW, Kho M, Hasbani NR, de Vries PS, Bowden DW, Chopade S, Deelen J, Benavente ED, Guo X, Hofer E, Hwang SJ, Lutz SM, Lyytikäinen LP, Slenders L, Smith AV, Stanislawski MA, van Setten J, Wong Q, Yanek LR, Becker DM, Beekman M, Budoff MJ, Feitosa MF, Finan C, Hilliard AT, Kardia SLR, Kovacic JC, Kral BG, Langefeld CD, Launer LJ, Malik S, Hoesein FAAM, Mokry M, Schmidt R, Smith JA, Taylor KD, Terry JG, van der Grond J, van Meurs J, Vliegenthart R, Xu J, Young KA, Zilhão NR, Zweiker R, Assimes TL, Becker LC, Bos D, Carr JJ, Cupples LA, de Kleijn DPV, de Winther M, den Ruijter HM, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Gudnason V, Hingorani AD, Hokanson JE, Ikram MA, Išgum I, Jacobs DR, Kähönen M, Lange LA, Lehtimäki T, Pasterkamp G, Raitakari OT, Schmidt H, Slagboom PE, Uitterlinden AG, Vernooij MW, Bis JC, Franceschini N, Psaty BM, Post WS, Rotter JI, Björkegren JLM, O'Donnell CJ, Bielak LF, Peyser PA, Malhotra R, van der Laan SW, Miller CL. Multi-ancestry genome-wide study identifies effector genes and druggable pathways for coronary artery calcification. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1651-1664. [PMID: 37770635 PMCID: PMC10601987 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, predicts future symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Identifying genetic risk factors for CAC may point to new therapeutic avenues for prevention. Currently, there are only four known risk loci for CAC identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the general population. Here we conducted the largest multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of CAC to date, which comprised 26,909 individuals of European ancestry and 8,867 individuals of African ancestry. We identified 11 independent risk loci, of which eight were new for CAC and five had not been reported for CAD. These new CAC loci are related to bone mineralization, phosphate catabolism and hormone metabolic pathways. Several new loci harbor candidate causal genes supported by multiple lines of functional evidence and are regulators of smooth muscle cell-mediated calcification ex vivo and in vitro. Together, these findings help refine the genetic architecture of CAC and extend our understanding of the biological and potential druggable pathways underlying CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maxime M Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna J Barnes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lennart P L Landsmeer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Minjung Kho
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalie R Hasbani
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sandesh Chopade
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
| | - Joris Deelen
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sharon M Lutz
- Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Maggie A Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Quenna Wong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marian Beekman
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Brian G Kral
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Data Science, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaista Malik
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Robert Zweiker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences: Atherosclerosis and Ischemic syndromes, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity: Inflammatory diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivana Išgum
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center (for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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31
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van de Vegte YJ, Eppinga RN, van der Ende MY, Hagemeijer YP, Mahendran Y, Salfati E, Smith AV, Tan VY, Arking DE, Ntalla I, Appel EV, Schurmann C, Brody JA, Rueedi R, Polasek O, Sveinbjornsson G, Lecoeur C, Ladenvall C, Zhao JH, Isaacs A, Wang L, Luan J, Hwang SJ, Mononen N, Auro K, Jackson AU, Bielak LF, Zeng L, Shah N, Nethander M, Campbell A, Rankinen T, Pechlivanis S, Qi L, Zhao W, Rizzi F, Tanaka T, Robino A, Cocca M, Lange L, Müller-Nurasyid M, Roselli C, Zhang W, Kleber ME, Guo X, Lin HJ, Pavani F, Galesloot TE, Noordam R, Milaneschi Y, Schraut KE, den Hoed M, Degenhardt F, Trompet S, van den Berg ME, Pistis G, Tham YC, Weiss S, Sim XS, Li HL, van der Most PJ, Nolte IM, Lyytikäinen LP, Said MA, Witte DR, Iribarren C, Launer L, Ring SM, de Vries PS, Sever P, Linneberg A, Bottinger EP, Padmanabhan S, Psaty BM, Sotoodehnia N, Kolcic I, Arnar DO, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Balkau B, Silva CT, Newton-Cheh CH, Nikus K, Salo P, Mohlke KL, Peyser PA, Schunkert H, Lorentzon M, Lahti J, Rao DC, Cornelis MC, Faul JD, Smith JA, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Bandinelli S, Concas MP, Sinagra G, Meitinger T, Waldenberger M, Sinner MF, Strauch K, Delgado GE, Taylor KD, Yao J, Foco L, Melander O, de Graaf J, de Mutsert R, de Geus EJC, Johansson Å, Joshi PK, Lind L, Franke A, Macfarlane PW, Tarasov KV, Tan N, Felix SB, Tai ES, Quek DQ, Snieder H, Ormel J, Ingelsson M, Lindgren C, Morris AP, Raitakari OT, Hansen T, Assimes T, Gudnason V, Timpson NJ, Morrison AC, Munroe PB, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Loos RJF, Heckbert SR, Vollenweider P, Hayward C, Stefansson K, Froguel P, Groop L, Wareham NJ, van Duijn CM, Feitosa MF, O'Donnell CJ, Kähönen M, Perola M, Boehnke M, Kardia SLR, Erdmann J, Palmer CNA, Ohlsson C, Porteous DJ, Eriksson JG, Bouchard C, Moebus S, Kraft P, Weir DR, Cusi D, Ferrucci L, Ulivi S, Girotto G, Correa A, Kääb S, Peters A, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, März W, Rotter JI, Hicks AA, Smith JG, Kiemeney LALM, Mook-Kanamori DO, Penninx BWJH, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Burgess S, Sundström J, Lieb W, Jukema JW, Eijgelsheim M, Lakatta ELM, Cheng CY, Dörr M, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C, Oldehinkel AJ, Riese H, Lehtimäki T, Verweij N, van der Harst P. Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4646. [PMID: 37532724 PMCID: PMC10397318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben N Eppinga
- Department of Cardiology, Isala Zwolle ziekenhuis, Zwolle, 8025 AB, the Netherlands
| | - M Yldau van der Ende
- Department of Cardiology, University medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 Cx, the Netherlands
| | - Yanick P Hagemeijer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
- Analytical Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Yuvaraj Mahendran
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Elias Salfati
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Vanessa Y Tan
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21215, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Emil V Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | | | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Cecile Lecoeur
- UMR 8199, University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Clinial Genomics Uppsala, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229ER, Netherlands
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108-2212, Campus Box 8506, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, USA, Framingham, 1702, USA
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Auro
- Department of Health, unit of genetics and biomarkers, , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
- Department of molecular medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Linyao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Nabi Shah
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Pharmacogenetics Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Maria Nethander
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Sonali Pechlivanis
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Unit of Biomedicine, Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milano, 20121, Italy
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, USA
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Leslie Lange
- Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, USA
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55101, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Carolina Roselli
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, 68163, Germany
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Francesca Pavani
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | | | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina E Schraut
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- The Beijer laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Marten E van den Berg
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research (IRGB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monserrato, (CA), 9042, Italy
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Xueling S Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Hengtong L Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Carlos Iribarren
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permenente of Northern California, Oakland, 94612, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 10550, USA
| | | | - Susan M Ring
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS82BN, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Villejuif, 94800, France
- UMRS 1018, University Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, 78035, France
- UMRS 1018, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Claudia T Silva
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Dept. of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000CA, Netherlands
| | | | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FI-33521, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Perttu Salo
- Department of Health, unit of genetics and biomarkers, , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
- Department of molecular medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, 80636, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 43180, Sweden
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, 31-008, Poland
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Unità sanitaria locale Toscana Centro, Florence, 50142, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, "Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste", Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, 81675, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
| | - Moritz F Sinner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55101, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Malmo, 221 85, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, 221 85, Sweden
| | | | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Biological Psychology, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, the Netherlands
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75108, Sweden
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Peter W Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
| | - Kirill V Tarasov
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nicholas Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Debra Q Quek
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School,, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Susan R Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University hospital, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Inserm/CNRS UMR 1283/8199, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Lille University Hospital, EGID, Lille, 59000, France
- University of Lille, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Dept. of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3000CA, Netherlands
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108-2212, Campus Box 8506, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Cardiology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FI-33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33521, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, unit of genetics and biomarkers, , National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
- Department of molecular medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General practice and primary care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Public health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, 000250, Finland
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
- Centre for Urban Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02112, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Unit of Biomedicine, Bio4Dreams-Business Nursery for Life Sciences, Milano, 20121, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, (MI), 20090, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, 21224, USA
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, 34137, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, USA
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, 80802, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, 68161, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90502, USA
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, 221 85, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45, Sweden
| | | | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HL, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75108, Sweden
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank PopGen, Kiel University, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZA, 2333, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, 3511 EP, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, the Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Edward L M Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Harriette Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, University medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 Cx, the Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, the Netherlands.
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Saarinen A, Hietala J, Lyytikäinen LP, Hamal Mishra B, Sormunen E, Kähönen M, Rovio S, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Polygenic liabilities underlying job stress and exhaustion over a 10-year follow-up: A general population study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115355. [PMID: 37487461 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether individuals, who have a high polygenic loading for schizophrenia and major depression (PGL) but have not developed the respective disorders, are still susceptible to experience milder forms of ill-being in terms of job strain or exhaustion. We used the population-based Young Finns Study data (n = 928). PGL was assessed with a cumulative score of the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and depression. Participants (24-49-year-olds) evaluated their exhaustion levels and perceived job characteristics over a 10-year follow-up (2001, 2007, 2011). Participants with diagnosed psychotic or affective disorders were excluded. We found that high PGL did not predict less favorable perceptions of job environment (job strain, demands, control, satisfaction, social support at work) but high PGL predicted a higher trajectory of exhaustion in early adulthood and middle age. Additionally, high (vs. low) PGL predicted a stronger increase in exhaustion at increased levels of job strain. These findings remained after controlling for sex, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and cognitive performance. In conclusion, individuals with high PGL may have an elevated liability to experience exhaustion especially in early adulthood and middle age (despite they perceive their job environment similarly than others), and especially and at high levels of job strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha Hamal Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Saarinen A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Dobewall H, Sormunen E, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Hietala J. Childhood family environment predicting psychotic disorders over a 37-year follow-up - A general population cohort study. Schizophr Res 2023; 258:9-17. [PMID: 37392583 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adverse effects and traumatic experiences increase the risk for several psychiatric disorders. We now investigated whether prospectively assessed childhood family environment per se contributes to increased risk for psychotic disorders in adulthood, and whether these family patterns are also relevant in the development of affective disorders. METHODS We used the Young Finns Data (n = 3502). Childhood family environment was assessed in 1980/1983 with previously constructed risk scores: (1) disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere (parenting practices, parents' life satisfaction, parents' mental disorder, parents' alcohol intoxication), (2) adverse socioeconomic environment (overcrowded apartment, home income, parent's employment, occupational status, educational level), and (3) stress-prone life events (home movement, school change, parental divorce, death, or hospitalization, and child's hospitalization). Psychiatric diagnoses (ICD-10 classification) over the lifespan were collected up to 2017 from the national registry of hospital care. Non-affective psychotic disorder and affective disorder groups were formed. RESULTS Frequent stress-prone life events predicted higher likelihood of non-affective psychotic disorders (OR = 2.401, p = 0.001). Adverse socioeconomic environment or emotional family atmosphere did not predict psychotic disorders. Only disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere predicted modestly higher likelihood of affective disorders (OR = 1.583, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that childhood family environment and atmosphere patterns as such contribute to the risk for developing adulthood mental disorders with relative disorder specificity. The results emphasize the importance of both individual and public health preventive initiatives, including family support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Hurskainen M, Tynkkynen J, Eskola M, Lehtimäki T, Hernesniemi J. Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028787. [PMID: 37421266 PMCID: PMC10382101 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Stroke incidence is elevated after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of this study was to characterize risk factors related to ischemic stroke (IS) after ACS. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective registry study based on the data of 8049 consecutive patients treated for ACS between 2007 and 2018 in Tays Heart Hospital with a follow-up until December 31, 2020. Potential risk factors were identified by in-depth review of written hospital records and causes-of-death registry data maintained by Statistics Finland. The association between individual risk factors, early-onset IS (0-30 days after ACS, n=82), and late-onset IS (31 days to 14 years after ACS, n=419) were analyzed using logistic regression and subdistribution hazard analysis. In multivariable analysis, the most substantial risk factors for early- and late-onset IS were previous stroke, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and heart failure status depicted by the Killip classification. Left ventricular ejection fraction and coronary artery disease severity were significant risk factors for early-onset IS; age and peripheral artery disease were significant risk factors for late-onset IS. The risk of early-onset IS with ≥6 CHA2DS2-VASc score points (odds ratio, 6.63 [95% Cl, 3.63-12.09]; P<0.001) was notable compared with patients with 1 to 3 points as well as the risk of late-onset IS with ≥6 points (subdistribution hazard, 6.03 [95% Cl, 3.71-9.81]; P<0.001) in comparison with patients with 1 point. Conclusions Factors related to high thromboembolic risk also predict IS risk after ACS. CHA2DS2-VASc score and its individual components are strong predictors for both early- and late-onset IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Hurskainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Juho Tynkkynen
- Department of RadiologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Centre of Vascular Surgery and Interventional RadiologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Markku Eskola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Tays Heart HospitalTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Clinical ChemistryFimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center TampereTampereFinland
| | - Jussi Hernesniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Tays Heart HospitalTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center TampereTampereFinland
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Krämer RM, Moissl AP, Lorkowski S, Krämer BK, Lehtimäki T, Mishra BH, Mishra PP, Leipe J, März W, Kleber ME, Müller-Myhsok B, Delgado GE. High genetic risk for depression as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients referred for coronary angiography. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1125151. [PMID: 37435051 PMCID: PMC10330785 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1125151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different observations have suggested that patients with depression have a higher risk for a number of comorbidities and mortality. The underlying causes have not been fully understood yet. Aims The aim of our study was to investigate the association of a genetic depression risk score (GDRS) with mortality [all-cause and cardiovascular (CV)] and markers of depression (including intake of antidepressants and a history of depression) in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study involving 3,316 patients who had been referred for coronary angiography. Methods and results The GDRS was calculated in 3,061 LURIC participants according to a previously published method and was found to be associated with all-cause (p = 0.016) and CV mortality (p = 0.0023). In Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, smoking, and diabetes mellitus, the GDRS remained significantly associated with all-cause [1.18 (1.04-1.34, p = 0.013)] and CV [1.31 (1.11-1.55, p = 0.001)] mortality. The GDRS was not associated with the intake of antidepressants or a history of depression. However, this cohort of CV patients had not specifically been assessed for depression, leading to marked underreporting. We were unable to identify any specific biomarkers correlated with the GDRS in LURIC participants. Conclusion A genetic predisposition for depression estimated by a GDRS was independently associated with all-cause and CV mortality in our cohort of patients who had been referred for coronary angiography. No biomarker correlating with the GDRS could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Krämer
- Department for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela P. Moissl
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience ECAS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha H. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jan Leipe
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcus E. Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience ECAS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela E. Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KHH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, Willer CJ. Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 2023; 618:E19-E20. [PMID: 37237109 PMCID: PMC10355188 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Group of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari,, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Meraj Ahmed
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA,, USA
| | | | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA,, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hildalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Josep M Mercader
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Bimédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Mishra PP, Mishra BH, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Viikari J, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T. Gene Set Based Integrated Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Molecular Mechanisms Linking Cigarette Smoking and Related Diseases. OMICS 2023; 27:193-204. [PMID: 37145884 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced integrative analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptomics data may provide deeper insights into smoke-induced epigenetic alterations, their effects on gene expression and related biological processes, linking cigarette smoking and related diseases. We hypothesize that accumulation of DNA methylation changes in CpG sites across genomic locations of different genes might have biological significance. We tested the hypothesis by performing gene set based integrative analysis of blood DNA methylation and transcriptomics data to identify potential transcriptomic consequences of smoking via changes in DNA methylation in the Young Finns Study (YFS) participants (n = 1114, aged 34-49 years, women: 54%, men: 46%). First, we performed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of smoking. We then defined sets of genes based on DNA methylation status within their genomic regions, for example, sets of genes containing hyper- or hypomethylated CpG sites in their body or promoter regions. Gene set analysis was performed using transcriptomics data from the same participants. Two sets of genes, one containing 49 genes with hypomethylated CpG sites in their body region and the other containing 33 genes with hypomethylated CpG sites in their promoter region, were differentially expressed among the smokers. Genes in the two gene sets are involved in bone formation, metal ion transport, cell death, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, and cerebral cortex development process, revealing epigenetic-transcriptomic pathways to smoking-related diseases such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and cognitive impairment. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of smoking-related diseases and may provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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38
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Örd T, Lönnberg T, Nurminen V, Ravindran A, Niskanen H, Kiema M, Õunap K, Maria M, Moreau PR, Mishra PP, Palani S, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Aavik E, Roivainen A, Ylä-Herttuala S, Laakkonen JP, Lehtimäki T, Kaikkonen MU. Dissecting the polygenic basis of atherosclerosis via disease-associated cell state signatures. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:722-740. [PMID: 37060905 PMCID: PMC10183377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pandemic disease where up to half of the risk is explained by genetic factors. Advanced insights into the genetic basis of CAD require deeper understanding of the contributions of different cell types, molecular pathways, and genes to disease heritability. Here, we investigate the biological diversity of atherosclerosis-associated cell states and interrogate their contribution to the genetic risk of CAD by using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of mouse and human lesions. We identified 12 disease-associated cell states that we characterized further by gene set functional profiling, ligand-receptor prediction, and transcription factor inference. Importantly, Vcam1+ smooth muscle cell state genes contributed most to SNP-based heritability of CAD. In line with this, genetic variants near smooth muscle cell state genes and regulatory elements explained the largest fraction of CAD-risk variance between individuals. Using this information for variant prioritization, we derived a hybrid polygenic risk score (PRS) that demonstrated improved performance over a classical PRS. Our results provide insights into the biological mechanisms associated with CAD risk, which could make a promising contribution to precision medicine and tailored therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku
| | - Valtteri Nurminen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Kiema
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kadri Õunap
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maleeha Maria
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pierre R Moreau
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Einari Aavik
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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39
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Koskinen JS, Kytö V, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Nevalainen J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Hutri‐Kähönen N, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Jokinen E, Magnussen CG, Raitakari OT. Childhood Dyslipidemia and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027586. [PMID: 36927037 PMCID: PMC10122878 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood exposure to dyslipidemia is associated with adult atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether the long-term risk associated with dyslipidemia is attenuated on its resolution by adulthood. We aimed to address this question by examining the links between childhood and adult dyslipidemia on carotid atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective follow-up of children that began in 1980. Since then, follow-up studies have been conducted regularly. In 2001 and 2007, carotid ultrasounds were performed on 2643 participants at the mean age of 36 years to identify carotid plaques and plaque areas. For childhood lipids, we exploited several risk factor measurements to determine the individual cumulative burden for each lipid during childhood. Participants were categorized into the following 4 groups based on their childhood and adult dyslipidemia status: no dyslipidemia (reference), incident, resolved, and persistent. Among individuals with carotid plaque, linear regression models were used to study the association of serum lipids with plaque area. The prevalence of plaque was 3.3% (N=88). In models adjusted for age, sex, and nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risk for carotid plaque was 2.34 (95% CI, 0.91-6.00) for incident adult dyslipidemia, 3.00 (95% CI, 1.42-6.34) for dyslipidemia resolved by adulthood, and 5.23 (95% CI, 2.57-10.66) for persistent dyslipidemia. Carotid plaque area correlated with childhood total, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusions Childhood dyslipidemia, even if resolved by adulthood, is a risk factor for adult carotid plaque. Furthermore, among individuals with carotid plaque, childhood lipids associate with plaque size. These findings highlight the importance of primordial prevention of dyslipidemia in childhood to reduce atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhani S. Koskinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Division of MedicineTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of MedicineSatakunta Central HospitalPoriFinland
| | - Ville Kytö
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Heart CentreTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Division of MedicineTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jorma S. A. Viikari
- Division of MedicineTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center TampereTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center TampereTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Clinical ChemistryFimlab LaboratoriesTampereFinland
| | - Nina Hutri‐Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and SimulationTampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampereFinland
| | - Tomi P. Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
- PEDEGO Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
- Hospital for Children and AdolescentsHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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40
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Dai Q, Zhou G, Zhao H, Võsa U, Franke L, Battle A, Teumer A, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Esko T, Epstein MP, Yang J. OTTERS: a powerful TWAS framework leveraging summary-level reference data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1271. [PMID: 36882394 PMCID: PMC9992663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most existing TWAS tools require individual-level eQTL reference data and thus are not applicable to summary-level reference eQTL datasets. The development of TWAS methods that can harness summary-level reference data is valuable to enable TWAS in broader settings and enhance power due to increased reference sample size. Thus, we develop a TWAS framework called OTTERS (Omnibus Transcriptome Test using Expression Reference Summary data) that adapts multiple polygenic risk score (PRS) methods to estimate eQTL weights from summary-level eQTL reference data and conducts an omnibus TWAS. We show that OTTERS is a practical and powerful TWAS tool by both simulations and application studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qile Dai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Geyu Zhou
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Computer Science, and Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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41
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Shrine N, Izquierdo AG, Chen J, Packer R, Hall RJ, Guyatt AL, Batini C, Thompson RJ, Pavuluri C, Malik V, Hobbs BD, Moll M, Kim W, Tal-Singer R, Bakke P, Fawcett KA, John C, Coley K, Piga NN, Pozarickij A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Chen Z, Li L, Wijnant SRA, Lahousse L, Brusselle G, Uitterlinden AG, Manichaikul A, Oelsner EC, Rich SS, Barr RG, Kerr SM, Vitart V, Brown MR, Wielscher M, Imboden M, Jeong A, Bartz TM, Gharib SA, Flexeder C, Karrasch S, Gieger C, Peters A, Stubbe B, Hu X, Ortega VE, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Gabriel SB, Gupta N, Smith AV, Luan J, Zhao JH, Hansen AF, Langhammer A, Willer C, Bhatta L, Porteous D, Smith BH, Campbell A, Sofer T, Lee J, Daviglus ML, Yu B, Lim E, Xu H, O'Connor GT, Thareja G, Albagha OME, Suhre K, Granell R, Faquih TO, Hiemstra PS, Slats AM, Mullin BH, Hui J, James A, Beilby J, Patasova K, Hysi P, Koskela JT, Wyss AB, Jin J, Sikdar S, Lee M, May-Wilson S, Pirastu N, Kentistou KA, Joshi PK, Timmers PRHJ, Williams AT, Free RC, Wang X, Morrison JL, Gilliland FD, Chen Z, Wang CA, Foong RE, Harris SE, Taylor A, Redmond P, Cook JP, Mahajan A, Lind L, Palviainen T, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Kaprio J, Rantanen T, Pietiläinen KH, Cox SR, Pennell CE, Hall GL, Gauderman WJ, Brightling C, Wilson JF, Vasankari T, Laitinen T, Salomaa V, Mook-Kanamori DO, Timpson NJ, Zeggini E, Dupuis J, Hayward C, Brumpton B, Langenberg C, Weiss S, Homuth G, Schmidt CO, Probst-Hensch N, Jarvelin MR, Morrison AC, Polasek O, Rudan I, Lee JH, Sayers I, Rawlins EL, Dudbridge F, Silverman EK, Strachan DP, Walters RG, Morris AP, London SJ, Cho MH, Wain LV, Hall IP, Tobin MD. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk. Nat Genet 2023; 55:410-422. [PMID: 36914875 PMCID: PMC10011137 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of lung function to date, comprising 580,869 participants, we identified 1,020 independent association signals implicating 559 genes supported by ≥2 criteria from a systematic variant-to-gene mapping framework. These genes were enriched in 29 pathways. Individual variants showed heterogeneity across ancestries, age and smoking groups, and collectively as a genetic risk score showed strong association with COPD across ancestry groups. We undertook phenome-wide association studies for selected associated variants as well as trait and pathway-specific genetic risk scores to infer possible consequences of intervening in pathways underlying lung function. We highlight new putative causal variants, genes, proteins and pathways, including those targeted by existing drugs. These findings bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying lung function and COPD, and should inform functional genomics experiments and potentially future COPD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Shrine
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Abril G Izquierdo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard Packer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert J Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca J Thompson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chandan Pavuluri
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vidhi Malik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, Unversity of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katherine A Fawcett
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kayesha Coley
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Noemi Nicole Piga
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alfred Pozarickij
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sara R A Wijnant
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent Universital Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Ghent Universital Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eramus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shona M Kerr
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Medea Imboden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayoung Jeong
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Namrata Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Department of Public and Primary Care, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ailin F Hansen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Cristen Willer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M E Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Center for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tariq O Faquih
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies M Slats
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karina Patasova
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jukka T Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Sinjini Sikdar
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Mikyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sebastian May-Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander T Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert C Free
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John L Morrison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel E Foong
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity and Abdominal Centers, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Graham L Hall
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Brightling
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tuula Vasankari
- FILHA-Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Laitinen
- Administration Center, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- ALSPAC, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Brumpton
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP-Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust-CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Rosario AS, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schneider A, Schnohr P, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Schramm S, Schröder H, Schultsz C, Schulze MB, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera G, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Ševčíková Ľ, Shalnova S, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Shanthirani CS, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shengelia L, Shi Z, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shimony T, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Sidossis LS, Silitrari N, Silva AM, de Moura Silva CR, Silva DAS, Silva KS, Sim X, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skoblina NA, Skodje G, Slazhnyova T, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So HK, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Soofi S, Sørensen TIA, Sørgjerd EP, Jérome CS, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spencer PR, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanović R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suka M, Sun CA, Sun L, Sundström J, Sung YT, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sweis NWG, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Szponar L, Tabone L, Tai ES, Tambalis KD, Tammesoo ML, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Braunerová RT, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tchibindat F, Te Velde S, Tebar WR, Tell GS, Tello T, Tham YC, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thorand B, Thuesen BH, Tichá Ľ, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Mądry R, Torheim LE, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Torres-Collado L, Toselli S, Touloumi G, Traissac P, Tran TTH, Tremblay MS, Triantafyllou A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao YH, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsintavis P, Tsugane S, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen TP, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Twig G, Tynelius P, Tzala E, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Usupova Z, Uusitalo HMT, Uysal N, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van Dam RM, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Lippevelde W, Van Minh H, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varbo A, Varela-Moreiras G, Vargas LN, Varona-Pérez P, Vasan SK, Vasques DG, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Verloigne M, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vik FN, Vilar M, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EOA, Bebakar WMW, Mohamud WNW, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Wang MD, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Webster-Kerr K, Wedderkopp N, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Wickramasinghe K, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wild PS, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojciech R, Wojtyniak B, Wolf K, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong EB, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu HY, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Wyszyńska J, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yasuharu T, García MY, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You SL, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zainuddin AA, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zayed AA, Zdrojewski T, Żegleń M, Zejglicova K, Vrkic TZ, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang ZY, Zhao D, Zhao MH, Zhao W, Zhecheva YV, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zins M, Zitt E, Zocalo Y, Zoghlami N, Cisneros JZ, Zuziak M, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Ezzati M. Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development. Nature 2023; 615:874-883. [PMID: 36991188 PMCID: PMC10060164 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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Mäkinen VP, Kettunen J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M. Longitudinal metabolomics of increasing body-mass index and waist-hip ratio reveals two dynamic patterns of obesity pandemic. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:453-462. [PMID: 36823293 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This observational study dissects the complex temporal associations between body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and circulating metabolomics using a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional population-based datasets and new systems epidemiology tools. SUBJECTS/METHODS Firstly, a data-driven subgrouping algorithm was employed to simplify high-dimensional metabolic profiling data into a single categorical variable: a self-organizing map (SOM) was created from 174 metabolic measures from cross-sectional surveys (FINRISK, n = 9708, ages 25-74) and a birth cohort (NFBC1966, n = 3117, age 31 at baseline, age 46 at follow-up) and an expert committee defined four subgroups of individuals based on visual inspection of the SOM. Secondly, the subgroups were compared regarding BMI and WHR trajectories in an independent longitudinal dataset: participants of the Young Finns Study (YFS, n = 1286, ages 24-39 at baseline, 10 years follow-up, three visits) were categorized into the four subgroups and subgroup-specific age-dependent trajectories of BMI, WHR and metabolic measures were modelled by linear regression. RESULTS The four subgroups were characterised at age 39 by high BMI, WHR and dyslipidemia (designated TG-rich); low BMI, WHR and favourable lipids (TG-poor); low lipids in general (Low lipid) and high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (High LDL-C). Trajectory modelling of the YFS dataset revealed a dynamic BMI divergence pattern: despite overlapping starting points at age 24, the subgroups diverged in BMI, fasting insulin (three-fold difference at age 49 between TG-rich and TG-poor) and insulin-associated measures such as triglyceride-cholesterol ratio. Trajectories also revealed a WHR progression pattern: despite different starting points at the age of 24 in WHR, LDL-C and cholesterol-associated measures, all subgroups exhibited similar rates of change in these measures, i.e. WHR progression was uniform regardless of the cross-sectional metabolic profile. CONCLUSIONS Age-associated weight variation in adults between 24 and 49 manifests as temporal divergence in BMI and uniform progression of WHR across metabolic health strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Karhunen V, Gill D, Huang J, Bouras E, Malik R, Ponsford MJ, Ahola-Olli A, Papadopoulou A, Palaniswamy S, Sebert S, Wielscher M, Auvinen J, Veijola J, Herzig KH, Timonen M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Dichgans M, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Lehtimäki T, Salomaa V, Raitakari O, Jones SA, Hovingh GK, Tsilidis KK, Järvelin MR, Dehghan A. The interplay between inflammatory cytokines and cardiometabolic disease: bi-directional mendelian randomisation study. BMJ Med 2023; 2:e000157. [PMID: 36936266 PMCID: PMC9978757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective To leverage large scale genetic association data to investigate the interplay between circulating cytokines and cardiometabolic traits, and thus identifying potential therapeutic targets. Design Bi-directional Mendelian randomisation study. Setting Genome-wide association studies from three Finnish cohorts (Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, Young Finns Study, or FINRISK study), and genetic association summary statistics pooled from observational studies for expression quantitative trait loci and cardiometabolic traits. Participants Data for 47 circulating cytokines in 13 365 individuals from genome-wide association studies, summary statistic data for up to 21 735 individuals on circulating cytokines, summary statistic gene expression data across 49 tissues in 838 individuals, and summary statistic data for up to 1 320 016 individuals on cardiometabolic traits. Interventions Relations between circulating cytokines and cardiovascular, anthropometric, lipid, or glycaemic traits (coronary artery disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein, glucose, fasting insulin, and lifetime smoking). Main outcome methods Genetic instrumental variables that are biologically plausible for the circulating cytokines were generated. The effects of cardiometabolic risk factors on concentrations of circulating cytokines, circulating cytokines on other circulating cytokines, and circulating cytokines on cardiometabolic outcomes were investigated. Results Genetic evidence (mendelian randomisation P<0.0011) suggests that higher body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, higher concentrations of lipids, and systolic blood pressure increase circulating concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines and C reactive protein. Evidence for causal relations (mendelian randomisation P<0.0011) were noted between circulating cytokines, including a key role of vascular endothelial growth factor on influencing the concentrations of 10 other cytokines. Both mendelian randomisation (P<0.05) and colocalisation (posterior probability >0.5) suggested that coronary artery disease risk is increased by higher concentrations of circulating tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF). Conclusion This study offers insight into inflammatory mediators of cardiometabolic risk factors, cytokine signalling cascades, and effects of circulating cytokines on different cardiometabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Karhunen
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Epirus, Greece
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Faculty of Medicine, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Mark J Ponsford
- Division of Immunology, Infection, and Inflammation, Tenovus Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Areti Papadopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Epirus, Greece
| | | | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Markku Timonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne, Pyhäjärvi, Finland
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Faculty of Medicine, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Simon A Jones
- Division of Immunology, Infection, and Inflammation, Tenovus Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Epirus, Greece
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Huang J, Su B, Karhunen V, Gill D, Zuber V, Ahola-Olli A, Palaniswamy S, Auvinen J, Herzig KH, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Lehtimäki T, Salomaa V, Raitakari OT, Matthews PM, Elliott P, Tsilidis KK, Jarvelin MR, Tzoulaki I, Dehghan A. Inflammatory Diseases, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Alzheimer Disease: An Observational Analysis and Mendelian Randomization. Neurology 2023; 100:e568-e581. [PMID: 36384659 PMCID: PMC9946179 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whether chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases causally affect the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) is controversial. We characterized the relationship between inflammatory diseases and risk of AD and explored the role of circulating inflammatory biomarkers in the relationships between inflammatory diseases and AD. METHODS We performed observational analyses for chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases and risk of AD using data from 2,047,513 participants identified in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Using data of a total of more than 1,100,000 individuals from 15 large-scale genome-wide association study data sets, we performed 2-sample Mendelian randomizations (MRs) to investigate the relationships between chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, circulating inflammatory biomarker levels, and risk of AD. RESULTS Cox regression models using CPRD data showed that the overall incidence of AD was higher among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17; 95% CI 1.15-1.19; p = 2.1 × 10-4), other inflammatory polyarthropathies and systematic connective tissue disorders (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.12-1.14; p = 8.6 × 10-5), psoriasis (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.10-1.16; p = 2.6 × 10-4), rheumatoid arthritis (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06-1.11; p = 4.0 × 10-4), and multiple sclerosis (HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.04-1.07; p = 2.8 × 10-4) compared with the age (±5 years) and sex-matched comparison groups free from all inflammatory diseases under investigation. Bidirectional MR analysis identified relationships between chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases and circulating inflammatory biomarkers. Particularly, circulating monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) level was suggestively associated with a higher risk of AD (odds ratio from inverse variance weighted [ORIVW] 1.23; 95% CI 1.06-1.42; p IVW = 0.007) and lower risk of Crohn disease (ORIVW 0.73; 95% CI -0.62 to 0.86; p IVW = 1.3 × 10-4). Colocalization supported a common causal single nucleotide polymorphism for MIG and Crohn disease (posterior probability = 0.74), but not AD (posterior probability = 0.03). Using a 2-sample MR approach, genetically predicted risks of inflammatory diseases were not associated with higher AD risk. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that the association between inflammatory diseases and risk of AD is unlikely to be causal and may be a result of confounding. In support, although inflammatory biomarkers showed evidence for causal associations with inflammatory diseases, evidence was weak that they affected both inflammatory disease and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Bowen Su
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Ville Karhunen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipender Gill
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Zuber
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Saranya Palaniswamy
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Juha Auvinen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Salmi
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Matthews
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Elliott
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.H., B.S., V.K., D.G., V.Z., S.P., P.E., K.K.T., M.-r.J., A.D.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS) (J.H.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Center for Life Course Health Research (V.K., S.P., J.A., S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences (V.K.), University of Oulu, Finland; The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research (A.A.-O.), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit (A.A.-O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (A.A.-O.), University of Helsinki; Research Unit of Biomedicine (K.-H.H.), Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, University Hospital, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism (K.-H.H.), Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Unit of Primary Care (S.K.-K., M.-r.J.), Oulu University Hospital; Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne (S.K.-K., I.T.), Pyhäjärvi, Finland and City of Oulu; MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine (M.S., S.J.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Chemistry (T.L.), Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (V.S.), Helsinki; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (O.T.R.), University of Turku; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.), Turku University Hospital; Centre for Population Health Research (O.T.R.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Brain Sciences (P.M.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London (P.M.M., P.E.); MRC Centre for Environment and Health (P.E., M.-r.J.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (K.K.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; Biocenter Oulu (M.-r.J.), University of Oulu, Finland; and Department of Life Sciences (M.-r.J.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, United Kingdom.
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Ala-Korpela M, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Perola M, Salomaa V, Kettunen J, Raitakari OT, Mäkinen VP. Cross-sectionally calculated metabolic ageing does not relate to longitudinal metabolic changes - support for stratified ageing models. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:6993416. [PMID: 36658689 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ageing varies between individuals with profound consequences for chronic diseases and longevity. One hypothesis to explain the diversity is a genetically regulated molecular clock that runs differently between individuals. Large and long enough human studies to test the hypothesis are rare due to practical challenges, but statistical models of ageing are built as proxies for the molecular clock by comparing young and old individuals cross-sectionally. These models remain untested against longitudinal data. OBJECTIVE We applied novel methodology to test if cross-sectional modelling can distinguish slow versus accelerated ageing in a human population. DESIGN We trained a machine learning model to predict age from 153 clinical and cardiometabolic traits. The model was tested against longitudinal data from another cohort. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The training data came from cross-sectional surveys of the Finnish population (n = 9,708; ages 25-74 years). The validation data included three time points across 10 years in the Young Finns Study (YFS; n = 1,009; ages 24-49 years). INTERVENTION(S) Predicted metabolic age in 2007 was compared against observed ageing rate from the 2001 visit to the 2011 visit in the YFS dataset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Correlation between predicted versus observed metabolic ageing. RESULTS The cross-sectional proxy failed to predict longitudinal observations (R2 = 0.018%, P = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS The finding is unexpected under the clock hypothesis that would produce a positive correlation between predicted and observed ageing. Our results are better explained by a stratified model where ageing rates per se are similar in adulthood but differences in starting points explain diverging metabolic fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Systems Epidemiology, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Elhakeem A, Ronkainen J, Mansell T, Lange K, Mikkola TM, Mishra BH, Wahab RJ, Cadman T, Yang T, Burgner D, Eriksson JG, Järvelin MR, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Saffery R, Wake M, Wright J, Sebert S, Lawlor DA. Effect of common pregnancy and perinatal complications on offspring metabolic traits across the life course: a multi-cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:23. [PMID: 36653824 PMCID: PMC9850719 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common pregnancy and perinatal complications are associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. These complications may influence multiple metabolic traits in the offspring and these associations might differ with offspring age. METHODS We used data from eight population-based cohort studies to examine and compare associations of pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), gestational diabetes (GD), preterm birth (PTB), small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age (vs. appropriate size for gestational age (AGA)) with up to 167 plasma/serum-based nuclear magnetic resonance-derived metabolic traits encompassing lipids, lipoproteins, fatty acids, amino acids, ketones, glycerides/phospholipids, glycolysis, fluid balance, and inflammation. Confounder-adjusted regression models were used to examine associations (adjusted for maternal education, parity age at pregnancy, ethnicity, pre/early pregnancy body mass index and smoking, and offspring sex and age at metabolic trait assessment), and results were combined using meta-analysis by five age categories representing different periods of the offspring life course: neonates (cord blood), infancy (mean ages: 1.1-1.6 years), childhood (4.2-7.5 years); adolescence (12.0-16.0 years), and adulthood (22.0-67.8 years). RESULTS Offspring numbers for each age category/analysis varied from 8925 adults (441 PTB) to 1181 infants (135 GD); 48.4% to 60.0% were females. Pregnancy complications (PE, GH, GD) were each associated with up to three metabolic traits in neonates (P≤0.001) with some evidence of persistence to older ages. PTB and SGA were associated with 32 and 12 metabolic traits in neonates respectively, which included an adjusted standardised mean difference of -0.89 standard deviation (SD) units for albumin with PTB (95% CI: -1.10 to -0.69, P=1.3×10-17) and -0.41 SD for total lipids in medium HDL with SGA (95% CI: -0.56 to -0.25, P=2.6×10-7), with some evidence of persistence to older ages. LGA was inversely associated with 19 metabolic traits including lower levels of cholesterol, lipoproteins, fatty acids, and amino acids, with associations emerging in adolescence, (e.g. -0.11 SD total fatty acids, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.05, P=0.0009), and attenuating with older age across adulthood. CONCLUSIONS These reassuring findings suggest little evidence of wide-spread and long-term impact of common pregnancy and perinatal complications on offspring metabolic traits, with most associations only observed for newborns rather than older ages, and for perinatal rather than pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Justiina Ronkainen
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tuija M Mikkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rama J Wahab
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Cadman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiffany Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Dobewall H, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Marttila S, Mishra PP, Saarinen A, Cloninger CR, Zwir I, Kähönen M, Hurme M, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T, Hintsanen M. The relationship of trait-like compassion with epigenetic aging: The population-based prospective Young Finns Study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1018797. [PMID: 37143783 PMCID: PMC10151573 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1018797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Helping others within and beyond the family has been related to living a healthy and long life. Compassion is a prosocial personality trait characterized by concern for another person who is suffering and the motivation to help. The current study examines whether epigenetic aging is a potential biological mechanism that explains the link between prosociality and longevity. Methods We used data from the Young Finns Study that follows six birth-cohorts from age 3-18 to 19-49. Trait-like compassion for others was measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory in the years 1997 and 2001. Epigenetic age acceleration and telomere length were measured with five DNA methylation (DNAm) indicators (DNAmAgeHorvath, IEAA_Hannum, EEAA_Hannum, DNAmPhenoAge, and DNAmTL) based on blood drawn in 2011. We controlled for sex, socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood, and body-mass index. Results and discussion An association between higher compassion in 1997 and a less accelerated DNAmPhenoAge, which builds on previous work on phenotypic aging, approached statistical significance in a sex-adjusted model (n = 1,030; b = -0.34; p = 0.050). Compassion in 1997 predicted less accelerated epigenetic aging over and above the control variables (n = 843; b = -0.47; p = 0.016). There was no relationship between compassion in 2001 (n = 1108/910) and any of the other four studied epigenetic aging indicators. High compassion for others might indeed influence whether an individual's biological age is lower than their chronological age. The conducted robustness checks partially support this conclusion, yet cannot rule out that there might be a broader prosocial trait behind the findings. The observed associations are interesting but should be interpreted as weak requiring replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dobewall
- Faculty of Education, VISE Research Unit, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Henrik Dobewall,
| | | | - Saara Marttila
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P. Mishra
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Igor Zwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Faculty of Education, VISE Research Unit, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Ketvel L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pahkala K, Juonala M, Ahola-Olli A, Lehtimäki T, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Rovio S, Saarinen A. Stress-Related Exhaustion, Polygenic Cognitive Potential, and Cognitive Test Performance - A General Population Study. Cognit Ther Res 2023; 47:155-167. [PMID: 36945257 PMCID: PMC10023621 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background We investigated whether stress-related exhaustion (chronic or short-term, and co-occurring with depression or not) is related to cognitive performance and whether polygenic cognitive potential modifies these associations. Methods The participants were from the Young Finns Study (N = 541-1273). Stress-related exhaustion was assessed using the Maastricht Questionnaire, depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory, and cognitive performance with subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, measuring visuospatial learning, reaction time, sustained attention, and executive function. Cognitive performance and depression were assessed in 2011, and exhaustion in 2001, 2007, and 2011. A polygenic score for cognitive potential was calculated based on a GWAS on intelligence. Results High stress-related exhaustion, especially chronic, was associated with slower reaction time. Only clinical levels of depression were related to slower reaction time. Polygenic cognitive potential did not modify these associations. There were no differences in cognitive performance between individuals with co-occurring exhaustion and depression vs. those with only either condition. Conclusion Stress-related exhaustion, especially if chronic, seems to relate to slower reactions. Co-occurring exhaustion and depression may not have additive effects on cognitive performance. High polygenic cognitive potential may not protect from or predispose to harmful effects of exhaustion or depression on reaction time. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10354-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Ketvel
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Nurmi A, Pulkki-Råback L, Salo P, Pahkala K, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Jokinen E, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Laitinen TP, Tossavainen P, Taittonen L, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Rovio SP. The associations of childhood psychosocial factors with cognitive function in midlife-The young finns study. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:64-76. [PMID: 36395062 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An adverse psychosocial environment in childhood may harm cognitive development, but the associations for adulthood cognitive function remain obscure. We tested the hypothesis that adverse childhood psychosocial factors associate with poor cognitive function in midlife by leveraging the prospective data from the Young Finns Study. METHOD At the age of 3-18 years, the participants' psychosocial factors (socioeconomic and emotional environment, parental health behaviors, stressful events, child's self-regulatory behavior, and social adjustment) were collected. In addition to the separate psychosocial factors, a score indicating their clustering was created. Cognitive function was measured at the age of 34-49 years with a computerized test addressing learning and memory (N = 1,011), working memory (N = 1,091), sustained attention and information processing (N = 1,071), and reaction and movement time (N = 999). RESULTS We observed an inverse association between the accumulation of unfavorable childhood psychosocial factors and poorer learning and memory in midlife (age, sex, education, adulthood smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity adjusted β = -0.032, SE = 0.01, p = .009). This association corresponded approximately to the effect of 7 months aging. Specifically, poor self-regulatory behavior (β = -0.074, SE = 0.03, p = .032) and social adjustment in childhood (β = -0.111, SE = 0.03, p = .001) associated with poorer learning ability and memory 30 years later. No associations were found for other cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an association of childhood psychosocial factors with midlife learning ability and memory. If these links are causal, the results highlight the importance of a child's self-regulation and social adjustment as plausible determinants for adulthood cognitive health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nurmi
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine
| | | | - Pia Salo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine
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