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West-Szymanski DC, Zhang Z, Cui XL, Kowitwanich K, Gao L, Deng Z, Dougherty U, Williams C, Merkle S, Moore M, He C, Bissonnette M, Zhang W. Machine learning identifies cell-free DNA 5-hydroxymethylation biomarkers that detect occult colorectal cancer in PLCO Screening Trial subjects. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.25.581955. [PMID: 38464122 PMCID: PMC10925134 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and CRC detection through screening improves survival rates. A promising avenue to improve patient screening compliance is the development of minimally-invasive liquid biopsy assays that target CRC biomarkers on circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral plasma. In this report, we identify cfDNA biomarker candidate genes bearing the epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) that diagnose occult CRC up to 36 months prior to clinical diagnosis using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial samples. Methods Archived PLCO Trial plasma samples containing cfDNA were obtained from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) biorepositories. Study subjects included those who were diagnosed with CRC within 36 months of blood collection (i.e., case, n = 201) and those who were not diagnosed with any cancer during an average of 16.3 years of follow-up (i.e., controls, n = 402). Following the extraction of 3 - 8 ng cfDNA from less than 300 microliters plasma, we employed the sensitive 5hmC-Seal chemical labeling approach, followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We then conducted association studies and machine-learning modeling to analyze the genome-wide 5hmC profiles within training and validation groups that were randomly selected at a 2:1 ratio. Results Despite the technical challenges associated with the PLCO samples (e.g., limited plasma volumes, low cfDNA amounts, and long archival times), robust genome-wide 5hmC profiles were successfully obtained from these samples. Association analyses using the Cox proportional hazards models suggested several epigenetic pathways relevant to CRC development distinguishing cases from controls. A weighted Cox model, comprised of 32-associated gene bodies, showed predictive detection value for CRC as early as 24-36 months prior to overt tumor presentation, and a trend for increased predictive power was observed for blood samples collected closer to CRC diagnosis. Notably, the 5hmC-based predictive model showed comparable performance regardless of sex and self-reported race/ethnicity, and significantly outperformed risk factors such as age and obesity according to BMI (body mass index). Additionally, further improvement of predictive performance was achieved by combining the 5hmC-based model and risk factors for CRC. Conclusions An assay of 5hmC epigenetic signals on cfDNA revealed candidate biomarkers with the potential to predict CRC occurrence despite the absence of clinical symptoms or the availability of effective predictors. Developing a minimally-invasive clinical assay that detects 5hmC-modified biomarkers holds promise for improving early CRC detection and ultimately patient survival through higher compliance screening and earlier intervention. Future investigation to expand this strategy to prospectively collected samples is warranted.
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Stuckel AJ, Zeng S, Lyu Z, Zhang W, Zhang X, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Khare T, Zhang Q, Joshi T, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Sprouty4 is epigenetically upregulated in human colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2145068. [PMID: 36384366 PMCID: PMC9980603 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2145068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty4 (SPRY4) has been frequently reported as a tumor suppressor and is therefore downregulated in various cancers. For the first time, we report that SPRY4 is epigenetically upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we explored DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of SPRY4 in CRC cells and patient samples and correlated these findings with mRNA and protein expression levels. Three loci within the promoter region of SPRY4 were evaluated for 5mC levels in CRC using the combined bisulfite restriction analysis. In addition, hydroxymethylation levels within SPRY4 were measured in CRC patients. Lastly, DNA methylation and mRNA expression data were extracted from CRC patients in multiple high-throughput data repositories like Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Combined in vitro and in silico analysis of promoter methylation levels of SPRY4 clearly demonstrates that the distal promoter region undergoes hypomethylation in CRC patients and is associated with increased expression. Moreover, a decrease in gene body hydroxymethylation and an increase in gene body methylation within the coding region of SPRY4 were found in CRC patients and correlated with increased expression. SPRY4 is epigenetically upregulated in CRC by promoter hypomethylation and hypermethylation within the gene body that warrants future investigation of atypical roles of this established tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Tripti Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA,Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA,Department of Health Management and Informatics; School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA,CONTACT Sharad Khare Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212, USA
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Fan H, Xia S, Xiang J, Li Y, Ross MO, Lim SA, Yang F, Tu J, Xie L, Dougherty U, Zhang FQ, Zheng Z, Zhang R, Wu R, Dong L, Su R, Chen X, Althaus T, Riedell PA, Jonker PB, Muir A, Lesinski GB, Rafiq S, Dhodapkar MV, Stock W, Odenike O, Patel AA, Opferman J, Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Shah H, Faubert B, Elf SE, Layden B, Bissonnette BM, He YY, Kline J, Mao H, Odunsi K, Gao X, Chi H, He C, Chen J. Trans-vaccenic acid reprograms CD8 + T cells and anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2023; 623:1034-1043. [PMID: 37993715 PMCID: PMC10686835 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Diet-derived nutrients are inextricably linked to human physiology by providing energy and biosynthetic building blocks and by functioning as regulatory molecules. However, the mechanisms by which circulating nutrients in the human body influence specific physiological processes remain largely unknown. Here we use a blood nutrient compound library-based screening approach to demonstrate that dietary trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) directly promotes effector CD8+ T cell function and anti-tumour immunity in vivo. TVA is the predominant form of trans-fatty acids enriched in human milk, but the human body cannot produce TVA endogenously1. Circulating TVA in humans is mainly from ruminant-derived foods including beef, lamb and dairy products such as milk and butter2,3, but only around 19% or 12% of dietary TVA is converted to rumenic acid by humans or mice, respectively4,5. Mechanistically, TVA inactivates the cell-surface receptor GPR43, an immunomodulatory G protein-coupled receptor activated by its short-chain fatty acid ligands6-8. TVA thus antagonizes the short-chain fatty acid agonists of GPR43, leading to activation of the cAMP-PKA-CREB axis for enhanced CD8+ T cell function. These findings reveal that diet-derived TVA represents a mechanism for host-extrinsic reprogramming of CD8+ T cells as opposed to the intrahost gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. TVA thus has translational potential for the treatment of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhong Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew O Ross
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi Tu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lishi Xie
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Freya Q Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rukang Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Althaus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter A Riedell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick B Jonker
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anand A Patel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Opferman
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon E Elf
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Layden
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Du J, Sarkar R, Li Y, He L, Kang W, Liao W, Liu W, Nguyen T, Zhang L, Deng Z, Dougherty U, Kupfer SS, Chen M, Pekow J, Bissonnette M, He C, Li YC. N 6-adenomethylation of GsdmC is essential for Lgr5 + stem cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1976-1994.e8. [PMID: 35917813 PMCID: PMC9398964 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gut epithelial morphogenesis is maintained by intestinal stem cells. Here, we report that depletion of N6-adenosine methyltransferase subunit Mettl14 from gut epithelial cells in mice impaired colon mucosal morphogenesis, leading to increased mucosal permeability, severe inflammation, growth retardation, and premature death. Mettl14 ablation triggered apoptosis that depleted Lgr5+ stem cells and disrupted colonic organoid growth and differentiation, whereas the inhibition of apoptosis rescued Mettl14-deleted mice and organoids. Mettl14 depletion disrupted N6-adenomethylation on GsdmC transcripts and abolished GsdmC expression. Reconstitution of Mettl14-deleted organoids or mice with GSDMC rescued Lgr5 expression and prevented apoptosis and mouse premature death, whereas GSDMC silence eliminated LGR5 and triggered apoptosis in human colonic organoids and epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Mettl14 depletion eliminated mitochondrial GsdmC, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered cytochrome c release that activates the pro-apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, GsdmC N6-adenomethylation protects mitochondrial homeostasis and is essential for Lgr5+ cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenjun Kang
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Clinical Research Institute, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weicheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tivoli Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Dhiman A, Malina Y, Gao L, West-Szymanski D, Rivas M, Cui XL, Witmer HDD, Berger Y, Ulrich L, Dougherty U, Kwesi A, Zhang W, He C, Bissonnette M, Turaga K. Utilization of nano-hmC-seal technology to detect epigenetic signatures of peritoneal metastasis in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with colorectal and high-grade appendiceal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15510 Background: Peritoneal metastases from lower GI tumors are common and cause significant morbidity. Assays of circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) to identify peritoneal recurrence after curative-surgical intent are limited due to the low abundance of DNA shed by these tumors, especially mucinous tumors. We demonstrate for the first time an ultra-sensitive test to detect biomarkers modified by the epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in human cfDNA utilizing nano-hmC seal technology to identify patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) after curative-intent resection. Methods: Patients treated with curative intent resection of colorectal (CRC) and high-grade appendiceal (HGA) cancers underwent prospective plasma collection. Peritoneal disease was documented by direct visual inspection (laparoscopy/laparotomy). Plasma samples were analysed using nano-hmC-seal technique to obtain 5hmC signatures. Genome-wide differential analysis was used to identify significant 5hmC- differentially modified gene body regions (p-value < 0.01 and log-fold change > 10%). Functional annotation analysis was performed to further characterize differentially 5hmC -modified genes noted on multivariate logistic models. Results: Of 64 patients included in the study (CRC = 26; HGA = 38), 47 (73%) were PM+. The median DNA extracted per sample was 23.5 ng (IQR: 15.8-38.3), and no sample failed sequencing criteria. After genome-wide analysis, 39 gene body regions were identified as differentially 5hmC-modified, and 14 genes remained significant after multivariate adjustment. The signatures for PM+ patients were distinguishable from PM- patients using hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses. Functional annotation analysis based on the 14 genes point to alterations in immune and microbiome-related pathways in PM+ group (Table). Conclusions: We report for the first time the detection of peritoneal metastasis in cfDNA from human lower GI cancers using nano-5hmC seal epigenomic technology. This technology could be exploited to detect recurrences in tumors that shed very low levels of cfDNA. This signature is being validated in a prospective clinical trial (NCT 04157322).[Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Dhiman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Lu Gao
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Xiao-Long Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Kiran Turaga
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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6
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhu H, Zhu X, Deb D, Meredith SC, Ayaloglu-Butun F, Fletcher M, Sanchez A, Pekow J, Deng Z, Amini N, Konda VJ, Rao VL, Sakuraba A, Kwesi A, Kupfer SS, Fichera A, Joseph L, Hart J, He F, He TC, West-Szymanski D, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Upregulation of polycistronic microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 in colonocytes suppresses colitis and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1317-1334. [PMID: 33356812 PMCID: PMC8813074 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1863117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because ADAM17 promotes colonic tumorigenesis, we investigated potential miRNAs regulating ADAM17; and examined effects of diet and tumorigenesis on these miRNAs. We also examined pre-miRNA processing and tumour suppressor roles of several of these miRNAs in experimental colon cancer. Using TargetScan, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were predicted to regulate ADAM17. miR-143 was also investigated as miR-143 and miR-145 are co-transcribed and associated with decreased tumour growth. HCT116 colon cancer cells (CCC) were co-transfected with predicted ADAM17-regulating miRNAs and luciferase reporters controlled by ADAM17-3'UTR. Separately, pre-miR-143 processing by colonic cells was measured. miRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR. Tumours were induced with AOM/DSS in WT and transgenic mice (Tg) expressing pre-miR-143/miR-145 under villin promoter. HCT116 transfection with miR-145, -148a or -152, but not scrambled miRNA inhibited ADAM17 expression and luciferase activity. The latter was suppressed by mutations in ADAM17-3'UTR. Lysates from colonocytes, but not CCC, processed pre-miR-143 and mixing experiments suggested CCC lacked a competency factor. Colonic miR-143, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were downregulated in tumours and more moderately by feeding mice a Western diet. Tg mice were resistant to DSS colitis and had significantly lower cancer incidence and tumour multiplicity. Tg expression blocked up-regulation of putative targets of miR-143 and miR-145, including ADAM17, K-Ras, XPO5, and SET. miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 directly suppress colonocyte ADAM17 and are down-regulated in colon cancer. This is the first direct demonstration of tumour suppressor roles for miR-143 and miR-145 in an in vivo model of colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Dilip Deb
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arantxa Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Nader Amini
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, Baylor University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vijaya L. Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Akushika Kwesi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Loren Joseph
- Departments of Pathology, Beth Israel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hart
- Departments of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Fang He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
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7
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Dong L, Chen C, Zhang Y, Guo P, Wang Z, Li J, Liu Y, Liu J, Chang R, Li Y, Liang G, Lai W, Sun M, Dougherty U, Bissonnette MB, Wang H, Shen L, Xu MM, Han D. The loss of RNA N 6-adenosine methyltransferase Mettl14 in tumor-associated macrophages promotes CD8 + T cell dysfunction and tumor growth. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:945-957.e10. [PMID: 34019807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can dampen the antitumor activity of T cells, yet the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that C1q+ TAMs are regulated by an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) program and modulate tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells by expressing multiple immunomodulatory ligands. Macrophage-specific knockout of an m6A methyltransferase Mettl14 drives CD8+ T cell differentiation along a dysfunctional trajectory, impairing CD8+ T cells to eliminate tumors. Mettl14-deficient C1q+ TAMs show a decreased m6A abundance on and a higher level of transcripts of Ebi3, a cytokine subunit. In addition, neutralization of EBI3 leads to reinvigoration of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells and overcomes immunosuppressive impact in mice. We show that the METTL14-m6A levels are negatively correlated with dysfunctional T cell levels in patients with colorectal cancer, supporting the clinical relevance of this regulatory pathway. Thus, our study demonstrates how an m6A methyltransferase in TAMs promotes CD8+ T cell dysfunction and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Dong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peijin Guo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Renbao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanghao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc B Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Meng Michelle Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dali Han
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
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8
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Cui XL, Nie J, Ku J, Dougherty U, West-Szymanski DC, Collin F, Ellison CK, Sieh L, Ning Y, Deng Z, Zhao CWT, Bergamaschi A, Pekow J, Wei J, Beadell AV, Zhang Z, Sharma G, Talwar R, Arensdorf P, Karpus J, Goel A, Bissonnette M, Zhang W, Levy S, He C. A human tissue map of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines exhibits tissue specificity through gene and enhancer modulation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6161. [PMID: 33268789 PMCID: PMC7710742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification is known to be associated with gene transcription and frequently used as a mark to investigate dynamic DNA methylation conversion during mammalian development and in human diseases. However, the lack of genome-wide 5hmC profiles in different human tissue types impedes drawing generalized conclusions about how 5hmC is implicated in transcription activity and tissue specificity. To meet this need, we describe the development of a 5hmC tissue map by characterizing the genomic distributions of 5hmC in 19 human tissues derived from ten organ systems. Subsequent sequencing results enabled the identification of genome-wide 5hmC distributions that uniquely separates samples by tissue type. Further comparison of the 5hmC profiles with transcriptomes and histone modifications revealed that 5hmC is preferentially enriched on tissue-specific gene bodies and enhancers. Taken together, the results provide an extensive 5hmC map across diverse human tissue types that suggests a potential role of 5hmC in tissue-specific development; as well as a resource to facilitate future studies of DNA demethylation in pathogenesis and the development of 5hmC as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ji Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy Ku
- Bluestar Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Diana C West-Szymanski
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Sieh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolyn W T Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alana V Beadell
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Geeta Sharma
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Karpus
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Stuckel AJ, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zeng S, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhang Q, Perreand E, Khare T, Joshi T, West-Szymanski DC, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Correction: Stuckel, et al.; Enhanced CXCR4 Expression Associates with Increased Gene Body 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Modification but Not Decreased Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 539. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113104. [PMID: 33114273 PMCID: PMC7690871 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (A.J.S.); (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (S.Z.); (T.J.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (A.J.S.); (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Elsa Perreand
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (A.J.S.); (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (A.J.S.); (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (S.Z.); (T.J.)
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Diana C. West-Szymanski
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (A.J.S.); (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Souris JS, Zhang HJ, Dougherty U, Chen NT, Waller JV, Lo LW, Hart J, Chen CT, Bissonnette M. A novel mouse model of sporadic colon cancer induced by combination of conditional Apc genes and chemical carcinogen in the absence of Cre recombinase. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1376-1386. [PMID: 30859181 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although valuable insights into colon cancer biology have been garnered from human colon cancer cell lines and primary colonic tissues, and animal studies using human colon cancer xenografts, immunocompetent mouse models of spontaneous or chemically induced colon cancer better phenocopy human disease. As most sporadic human colon tumors present adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations, considerable effort has gone into developing mice that express mutant Apc alleles that mimic human colon cancer pathogenesis. A serious limitation of many of these Apc-mutant murine models, however, is that these mice develop numerous tumors in the small intestine but few, if any, in the colon. In this work, we examined three spontaneous mouse models of colon tumorigenesis based upon the widely used multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mouse: mice with either constitutive or conditional Apc mutations alone or in combination with caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2P-Cre transgene - either with or without exposure to the potent colon carcinogen azoxymethane. Using the CDX2 promoter to drive Cre recombinase transgene expression effectively inactivated Apc in colonocytes, creating a model with earlier tumor onset and increased tumor incidence/burden, but without the Min mouse model's small intestine tumorigenesis and susceptibility to intestinal perforation/ulceration/hemorrhage. Most significantly, azoxymethane-treated mice with conditional Apc expression, but absent the Cre recombinase gene, demonstrated nearly 50% tumor incidence with two or more large colon tumors per mouse of human-like histology, but no small intestine tumors - unlike the azoxymethane-resistant C57BL/6J-background Min mouse model. As such this model provides a robust platform for chemoprevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Souris
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah J Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph V Waller
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Stuckel AJ, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zeng S, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhang Q, Perreand E, Khare T, Joshi T, West-Szymanski DC, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Enhanced CXCR4 Expression Associates with Increased Gene Body 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Modification but not Decreased Promoter Methylation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030539. [PMID: 32110952 PMCID: PMC7139960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), upregulation of the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis, highlighting the need to further elucidate CXCR4’s regulation in CRC. For the first time, DNA methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine aberrations were investigated to better understand the epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 in CRC. CXCR4 expression levels were measured using qPCR and immunoblotting in normal colon tissues, primary colon cancer tissues and CRC cell lines. Publicly available RNA-seq and methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were extracted from tumors from CRC patients. The DNA methylation status spanning CXCR4 gene was evaluated using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). The methylation status in the CXCR4 gene body was analyzed using previously performed nano-hmC-seal data from colon cancers and adjacent normal colonic mucosa. CXCR4 expression levels were significantly increased in tumor stromal cells and in tumor colonocytes, compared to matched cell types from adjacent normal-appearing mucosa. CXCR4 promoter methylation was detected in a minority of colorectal tumors in the TCGA. The CpG island of the CXCR4 promoter showed increased methylation in three of four CRC cell lines. CXCR4 protein expression differences were also notable between microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite instable (MSI) tumor cell lines. While differential methylation was not detected in CXCR4, enrichment of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in CXCR4 gene bodies in CRC was observed compared to adjacent mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei J. Stuckel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Shuai Zeng
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (S.Z.); (T.J.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Elsa Perreand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Tripti Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; (S.Z.); (T.J.)
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Diana C. West-Szymanski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (U.D.); (R.M.); (D.C.W.-S.); (M.B.)
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA (Q.Z.); (E.P.); (T.K.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Berger Y, Cui XL, West D, Rivas M, Hsu P, Dougherty U, Deng Z, Hindi E, Eng O, Bissonnette M, Polite BN, Turaga K. 5-hydroxymethylation signatures in plasma circulating cell-free DNA as markers for appendiceal and colorectal peritoneal metastasis. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
195 Background: Noninvasive tests for peritoneal metastasis (PM) detection lack sensitivity. Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) on nanogram quantities of peripheral plasma circulating cell-free DNA (PcfDNA) was previously shown to differentiate non-metastatic colorectal cancer from healthy subjects. We aimed to examine if patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), high grade appendiceal cancer (HGA) or low grade appendiceal cancer (LGA) with PM have distinct signatures of 5hmC in PcfDNA compared to each other and to patients matched for tumors without PM. Methods: We analyzed plasma samples from a prospectively collected tissue bank. To correlate 5hmC signatures with intraoperative findings, only patients who underwent abdominal surgery in proximity to plasma collection were selected. Key steps of PcfDNA processing included extraction from plasma, nano-hmC-Seal chemical labeling and enrichment of 5hmC-modified fragments, next-generation sequencing, and mapping to the reference human genome. DESeq2 R package was finally used to compare relative 5hmC enrichment and detect distinct 5hmC signatures according to disease histology and PM presence. Results: Plasma samples were collected between 11/2016 – 3/2019 from 46 patients with CRC (n = 21), HGA (n = 17) and LGA (n = 8). Of those, 32 (70%) had PM based on intraoperative findings (median peritoneal cancer index score = 15, range 2-39) and 14 did not have PM. Most samples (91%) were collected on the same day as surgery. An average of 24 million paired-end reads were sequenced for each sample. Four samples (8.7%) were excluded from the analysis due to low sequencing coverage or high duplication level. Unique 5hmC enrichment patterns were found to discriminate with p < 0.05 between CRC PM and HGA PM (n = 616 differentially hydroxymethylated genes (DHMGs)), CRC/HGA PM and LGA PM (n = 1074 DHMGs), and CRC/HGA PM and CRC/HGA patients without PM (n = 1576 DHMGs). Conclusions: Distinct signatures of 5hmC in PcfDNA could differentiate patients with CRC/HGA/LGA PM from each other and from patients with similar tumor histologies without PM. Thus 5hmC signatures in PcfDNA might potentially serve as a sensitive marker of occult PM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kiran Turaga
- University of Chicago, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL
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13
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Haider HI, Khalil A, Souris JS, Joseph L, Hart J, Konda VJ, Zhang W, Pekow J, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Losartan and Vitamin D Inhibit Colonic Tumor Development in a Conditional Apc-Deleted Mouse Model of Sporadic Colon Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:433-448. [PMID: 31088824 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is upregulated in colorectal cancer, and epidemiologic studies suggest RAS inhibitors reduce cancer risk. Because vitamin D (VD) receptor negatively regulates renin, we examined anticancer efficacy of VD and losartan (L), an angiotensin receptor blocker. Control Apc+/LoxP mice and tumor-forming Apc+/LoxP Cdx2P-Cre mice were randomized to unsupplemented Western diet (UN), or diets supplemented with VD, L, or VD+L, the latter to assess additive or synergistic effects. At 6 months, mice were killed. Plasma Ca2+, 25(OH)D3, 1α, 25(OH)2D3, renin, and angiotensin II (Ang II) were quantified. Colonic transcripts were assessed by qPCR and proteins by immunostaining and blotting. Cancer incidence and tumor burden were significantly lower in Cre+ VD and Cre+ L, but not in the Cre+ VD+L group. In Apc+/LoxP mice, VD increased plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and colonic VDR. In Apc+/LoxP-Cdx2P-Cre mice, plasma renin and Ang II, and colonic tumor AT1, AT2, and Cyp27B1 were increased and VDR downregulated. L increased, whereas VD decreased plasma renin and Ang II in Cre+ mice. VD or L inhibited tumor development, while exerting differential effects on plasma VD metabolites and RAS components. We speculate that AT1 is critical for tumor development, whereas RAS suppression plays a key role in VD chemoprevention. When combined with L, VD no longer increases active VD and colonic VDR in Cre- mice nor suppresses renin and Ang II in Cre+ mice, likely contributing to lack of chemopreventive efficacy of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haider I Haider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jeffrey S Souris
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Loren Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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14
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Han D, Liu J, Chen C, Dong L, Liu Y, Chang R, Huang X, Liu Y, Wang J, Dougherty U, Bissonnette MB, Shen B, Weichselbaum RR, Xu MM, He C. Anti-tumour immunity controlled through mRNA m 6A methylation and YTHDF1 in dendritic cells. Nature 2019; 566:270-274. [PMID: 30728504 PMCID: PMC6522227 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence revealed important roles of tumor neoantigens in generating spontaneous antitumor immune responses and predicting clinical responses to immunotherapies1,2. Despite the presence of numerous neoantigens, complete tumor elimination rarely occurs in many patients, due to failures in mounting a sufficient and lasting antitumor immune response3,4. Here, we show that durable neoantigen-specific immunity is regulated by messenger RNA (mRNA) N6-methyadenosine (m6A) methylation through the m6A-binding protein YTHDF15. In contrast to wild-type mice, Ythdf1-deficient (Ythdf1−/−) mice exhibit an elevated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell antitumor response. Loss of YTHDF1 in classical dendritic cells (cDCs) enhanced the cross-presentation of tumor antigen and the cross-priming of CD8+ T cells in vivo. Mechanistically, transcripts encoding lysosomal proteases are marked by m6A and recognized by YTHDF1. Binding of YTHDF1 to these transcripts elevates translation of lysosomal cathepsins in DCs, with the inhibition of cathepsins markedly enhancing cross-presentation of the wild-type DCs. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 checkpoint blockade is enhanced in Ythdf1−/− mice, implicating YTHDF1 as a new potential therapeutic target in anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Han
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Future Technology, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Dong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renbao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meng Michelle Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Ruderman S, Eshein A, Valuckaite V, Dougherty U, Almoghrabi A, Gomes A, Singh A, Pabla B, Roy HK, Hart J, Bissonnette M, Konda V, Backman V. Early increase in blood supply (EIBS) is associated with tumor risk in the Azoxymethane model of colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:814. [PMID: 30103733 PMCID: PMC6090821 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the role of blood supply in early tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. We leveraged the renin angiotensin system (RAS) to alter colonic blood supply and determine the effect on tumor initiation and progression. Methods To test the effect of blood supply on tumorigenesis, 53 male A/J mice were randomly assigned to one of three RAS modulation groups and one of two AOM treatments. The RAS modulation groups were I) water (RAS-unmodulated) as a control group, II) angiotensin-II and III) the angiotensin receptor blocker, Losartan. The mice in each group were then randomly split into either the saline control condition or the AOM-treated condition in which tumors were induced with a standard protocol of serial azoxymethane (AOM) injections. To monitor microvascular changes in the rectal mucosa during the study, we used confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) with FITC-Dextran for in-vivo imaging of vessels and polarization-gated spectroscopy (PGS) to quantify rectal hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and blood vessel radius (BVR). Results At 12 weeks post-AOM injections and before tumor formation, CLE images revealed many traditional hallmarks of angiogenesis including vessel dilation, loss of co-planarity, irregularity, and vessel sprouting in the pericryptal capillaries of the rectal mucosa in AOM-Water tumor bearing mice. PGS measurements at the same time-point showed increased rectal [Hb] and decreased BVR. At later time points, CLE images showed pronounced angiogenic features including irregular networks throughout the colon. Notably, the AOM-Losartan mice had significantly lower tumor multiplicity and did not exhibit the same angiogenic features observed with CLE, or the increase in [Hb] or decrease in BVR measured with PGS. The AOM-AngII mice did not have any significant trends. Conclusion In-vivo PGS measurements of rectal colonic blood supply as well as CLE imaging revealed angiogenic disruptions to the capillary network prior to tumor formation. Losartan demonstrated an effective way to mitigate the changes to blood supply during tumorigenesis and reduce tumor multiplicity. These effects can be used in future studies to understand the early vessel changes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ruderman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Adam Eshein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vesta Valuckaite
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anas Almoghrabi
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ajaypal Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Baldeep Pabla
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - John Hart
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vani Konda
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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Pekow J, Meckel K, Dougherty U, Haider HI, Deng Z, Hart J, Rubin DT, Bissonnette M. Increased mucosal expression of miR-215 precedes the development of neoplasia in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20709-20720. [PMID: 29755683 PMCID: PMC5945498 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biological markers predicting the onset of neoplasia in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) could allow for risk stratification in this population. In this study, we retrospectively identified subjects with chronic UC who developed colon neoplasia (n = 16) matched to UC patients who never developed neoplasia. RNA was extracted from archived colonic biopsies obtained at an interval of 1–2 years prior and 3–5 years prior to the onset of neoplasia. miRNA expression was assessed using Nanostring arrays in 12 subjects, and significantly up-regulated miRNAs were evaluated by real time pcr in the entire cohort of patients. Expression of miR-215 was also assessed in UC-associated colon cancers and compared to p53 expression. By array analysis, there were 17 significantly down-regulated and 7 significantly up-regulated miRNAs in subjects who later developed neoplasia. miR-215 was significantly up-regulated both 1–2 years prior to the onset of neoplasia (3.5-fold, p < 0.001) and 3–5 years prior to the onset of neoplasia (5.4-fold, p = 0.007). miR-215 expression was also increased in UC-associated colon cancers (5.3-fold, p = 0.03) and adjacent non-dysplastic UC tissue (6.2-fold, p = 0.02). p53 was expressed in 20% of patients prior to the onset of neoplasia and in 67% of UC-associated colon cancers, although was not correlated with miR-215 expression. Our data demonstrates that expression of miR-215 can discriminate patients who progressed to neoplasia from non-progressors as early as 5 years prior to the diagnosis of neoplasia, supporting that this and perhaps other miRNAs could serve as predictive biomarkers to risk stratify patients with chronic UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pekow
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine Meckel
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haider I Haider
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Hart
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Bissonnette BM, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Haider HI, Joseph L, Souris J, Hart JA, Pewkow JR, LI YC. CXCR4 inhibitor, MSX‐122 suppresses AOM‐induced colon cancer in Apc+/Min mouse. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.677.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Pekow J, Meckel K, Dougherty U, Huang Y, Chen X, Almoghrabi A, Mustafi R, Ayaloglu-Butun F, Deng Z, Haider HI, Hart J, Rubin DT, Kwon JH, Bissonnette M. miR-193a-3p is a Key Tumor Suppressor in Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer and Promotes Carcinogenesis through Upregulation of IL17RD. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5281-5291. [PMID: 28600480 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk for colorectal cancer, although mechanisms underlying neoplastic transformation are poorly understood. We sought to evaluate the role of microRNAs in neoplasia development in this high-risk population.Experimental Design: Tissue from 12 controls, 9 ulcerative colitis patients without neoplasia, and 11 ulcerative colitis patients with neoplasia was analyzed. miRNA array analysis was performed and select miRNAs assayed by real-time PCR on the discovery cohort and a validation cohort. DNA methylation of miR-193a was assessed. Following transfection of miR-193a-3p, proliferation, IL17RD expression, and luciferase activity of the 3'UTR of IL17RD were measured. Tumor growth in xenografts as well as EGFR signaling were assessed in HCT116 cells expressing IL17RD with either a mutant 3' untranslated region (UTR) or wild-type (WT) 3'UTR.Results: miR-31, miR-34a, miR-106b, and miR-193a-3p were significantly dysregulated in ulcerative colitis-neoplasia and adjacent tissue. Significant down-regulation of miR-193a-3p was also seen in an independent cohort of ulcerative colitis cancers. Changes in methylation of miR-193a or expression of pri-miR-193a were not observed in ulcerative colitis cancer. Transfection of miR-193a-3p resulted in decreased proliferation, and identified IL17RD as a direct target of miR-193a-3p. IL17RD expression was increased in ulcerative colitis cancers, and miR-193a-3p treatment decreased growth and EGFR signaling of HCT116 cells in xenografts expressing both IL17RD with WT 3'UTR compared with cells expressing IL17RD with mutant 3'UTR.Conclusions: miR-193a-3p is downregulated in ulcerative colitis neoplasia, and its loss promotes carcinogenesis through upregulation of IL17RD. These findings provide novel insight into inflammation-driven colorectal cancer and could suggest new therapeutic targets in this high-risk population. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5281-91. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pekow
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Katherine Meckel
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yong Huang
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xindi Chen
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anas Almoghrabi
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Reba Mustafi
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fatma Ayaloglu-Butun
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zifeng Deng
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haider I Haider
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Hart
- University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John H Kwon
- University of Texas Southwestern, Digestive and Liver Disease Division, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, Illinois
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19
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Chen NT, Souris JS, Cheng SH, Chu CH, Wang YC, Konda V, Dougherty U, Bissonnette M, Mou CY, Chen CT, Lo LW. Lectin-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for endoscopic detection of premalignant colonic lesions. Nanomedicine 2017; 13:1941-1952. [PMID: 28363770 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-deaths worldwide. Methods for the early in situ detection of colorectal adenomatous polyps and their precursors - prior to their malignancy transformation into CRC - are urgently needed. Unfortunately at present, the primary diagnostic method, colonoscopy, can only detect polyps and carcinomas by shape/morphology; with sessile polyps more likely to go unnoticed than polypoid lesions. Here we describe our development of polyp-targeting, fluorescently-labeled mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) that serve as targeted endoscopic contrast agents for the early detection of colorectal polyps and cancer. In vitro cell studies, ex vivo histopathological analysis, and in vivo colonoscopy and endoscopy of murine colorectal cancer models, demonstrate significant binding specificity of our nanoconstructs to pathological lesions via targeting aberrant α-L-fucose expression. Our findings strongly suggest that lectin-functionalized fluorescent MSNs could serve as a promising endoscopic contrast agent for in situ diagnostic imaging of premalignant colonic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute of New Drug Development, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey S Souris
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chia-Hui Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Vani Konda
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leu-Wei Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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20
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Mustafi R, Dougherty U, Mustafi D, Ayaloglu-Butun F, Fletcher M, Adhikari S, Sadiq F, Meckel K, Haider HI, Khalil A, Pekow J, Konda V, Joseph L, Hart J, Fichera A, Li YC, Bissonnette M. ADAM17 is a Tumor Promoter and Therapeutic Target in Western Diet-associated Colon Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:549-561. [PMID: 27489286 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are required for tumor promotion by Western diet. The metalloprotease, ADAM17 activates EGFR by releasing pro-EGFR ligands. ADAM17 is regulated by G-protein-coupled receptors, including CXCR4. Here we investigated CXCR4-ADAM17 crosstalk and examined the role of ADAM17 in tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100 and ADAM17 inhibitor, BMS566394 to assess CXCR4-ADAM17 crosstalk in colon cancer cells. We compared the expression of CXCR4 ligand, CXCL2, and ADAM17 in mice fed Western diet versus standard diet. Separately, mice were treated with marimastat, a broad-spectrum ADAM17 inhibitor, or AMD3100 to assess EGFR activation by ADAM17 and CXCR4. Using Apc-mutant Min mice, we investigated the effects of ADAM17/10 inhibitor INCB3619 on tumorigenesis. To assess the effects of colonocyte ADAM17, mice with ADAM17 conditional deletion were treated with azoxymethane (AOM). ADAM17 expression was also compared in colonocytes from primary human colon cancers and adjacent mucosa. RESULTS CXCL12 treatment activated colon cancer cell EGFR signals, and CXCR4 or ADAM17 blockade reduced this activation. In vivo, Western diet increased CXCL12 in stromal cells and TGFα in colonocytes. Marimastat or AMD3100 caused >50% reduction in EGFR signals (P < 0.05). In Min mice, INCB3619 reduced EGFR signals in adenomas and inhibited intestinal tumor multiplicity (P < 0.05). In the AOM model, colonocyte ADAM17 deletion reduced EGFR signals and colonic tumor development (P < 0.05). Finally, ADAM17 was upregulated >2.5-fold in human malignant colonocytes. CONCLUSIONS ADAM17 is a Western diet-inducible enzyme activated by CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling, suggesting the pathway: Western diet→CXCL12→CXCR4→ADAM17→TGFα→EGFR. ADAM17 might serve as a druggable target in chemoprevention strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 549-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | | | - Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | | | | | | | - Farhana Sadiq
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | | | - Haider I Haider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | | | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Vani Konda
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Loren Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | | | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
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21
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Grimm WA, Messer JS, Murphy SF, Nero T, Lodolce JP, Weber CR, Logsdon MF, Bartulis S, Sylvester BE, Springer A, Dougherty U, Niewold TB, Kupfer SS, Ellis N, Huo D, Bissonnette M, Boone DL. The Thr300Ala variant in ATG16L1 is associated with improved survival in human colorectal cancer and enhanced production of type I interferon. Gut 2016; 65:456-64. [PMID: 25645662 PMCID: PMC4789828 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ATG16L1 is an autophagy gene known to control host immune responses to viruses and bacteria. Recently, a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in ATG16L1 (Thr300Ala), previously identified as a risk factor in Crohn's disease (CD), was associated with more favourable clinical outcomes in thyroid cancer. Mechanisms underlying this observation have not been proposed, nor is it clear whether an association between Thr300Ala and clinical outcomes will be observed in other cancers. We hypothesised that Thr300Ala influences clinical outcome in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and controls innate antiviral pathways in colon cancer cells. DESIGN We genotyped 460 patients with CRC and assessed for an association between ATG16L1 Thr300Ala and overall survival and clinical stage. Human CRC cell lines were targeted by homologous recombination to examine the functional consequence of loss of ATG16L1, or introduction of the Thr300Ala variant. RESULTS We found an association between longer overall survival, reduced metastasis and the ATG16L1 Ala/Ala genotype. Tumour sections from ATG16L1 Ala/Ala patients expressed elevated type I interferons (IFN-I)-inducible, MxA, suggesting that differences in cytokine production may influence disease progression. When introduced into human CRC cells by homologous recombination, the Thr300Ala variant did not affect bulk autophagy, but increased basal production of type I IFN. Introduction of Thr300Ala resulted in increased sensitivity to the dsRNA mimic poly(I:C) through a mitochondrial antiviral signalling (MAVS)-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS The CD-risk allele, Thr300Ala, in ATG16L1 is associated with improved overall survival in human CRC, generating a rationale to genotype ATG16L1 Thr300Ala in patients with CRC. We found that Thr300A alters production of MAVS-dependent type I IFN in CRC cells, providing a mechanism that may influence clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley A Grimm
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeannette S Messer
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen F Murphy
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas Nero
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James P Lodolce
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mark F Logsdon
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Bartulis
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brooke E Sylvester
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda Springer
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David L Boone
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine—South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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22
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Mustafi D, Ward J, Dougherty U, Bissonnette M, Hart J, Vogt S, Karczmar GS. X-ray fluorescence microscopy demonstrates preferential accumulation of a vanadium-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent in murine colonic tumors. Mol Imaging 2016; 14. [PMID: 25813904 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast agents that specifically enhance cancers on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will allow earlier detection. Vanadium-based chelates (VCs) selectively enhance rodent cancers on MRI, suggesting selective uptake of VCs by cancers. Here we report x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) of VC uptake by murine colon cancer. Colonic tumors in mice treated with azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium were identified by MRI. Then a gadolinium-based contrast agent and a VC were injected intravenously; mice were sacrificed and colons sectioned. VC distribution was sampled at 120 minutes after injection to evaluate the long-term accumulation. Gadolinium distribution was sampled at 10 minutes after injection due to its rapid washout. XFM was performed on 72 regions of normal and cancerous colon from five normal mice and four cancer-bearing mice. XFM showed that all gadolinium was extracellular, with similar concentrations in colon cancers and normal colon. In contrast, the average VC concentration was twofold higher in cancers versus normal tissue (p < .002). Cancers also contained numerous "hot spots" with intracellular VC concentrations sixfold higher than the concentration in normal colon (p < .0001). No hot spots were detected in normal colon. This is the first direct demonstration that VCs selectively accumulate in cancer cells and thus may improve cancer detection.
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23
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Pekow J, Meckel K, Dougherty U, Butun F, Mustafi R, Lim J, Crofton C, Chen X, Joseph L, Bissonnette M. Tumor suppressors miR-143 and miR-145 and predicted target proteins API5, ERK5, K-RAS, and IRS-1 are differentially expressed in proximal and distal colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G179-87. [PMID: 25477374 PMCID: PMC4312953 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00208.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The colon differs regionally in local luminal environment, excretory function, and gene expression. Polycistronic microRNA (miR)-143 and miR-145 are downregulated early in colon cancer. We asked if these microRNAs (miRNAs) might be differentially expressed in the proximal vs. the distal colon, contributing to regional differences in protein expression. Primary transcripts and mature miR-143 and miR-145 were quantified by real-time PCR, putative targets were measured by Western blotting, and DNA methylation was assessed by sequencing bisulfite-treated DNA in proximal and distal normal colonic mucosa as well as colon cancers. Putative targets of these miRNAs were assessed following transfection with miR-143 or miR-145. Mean expression of mature miR-143 and miR-145 was 2.0-fold (P < 0.001) and 1.8-fold (P = 0.03) higher, respectively, in proximal than distal colon. DNA methylation or primary transcript expression of these miRNAs did not differ by location. In agreement with increased expression of miR-143 and miR-145 in proximal colon, predicted targets of these miRNAs, apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5), ERK5, K-RAS, and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), which are cell cycle and survival regulators, were expressed at a lower level in proximal than distal colon. Transfection of HCA-7 colon cancer cells with miR-145 downregulated IRS-1, and transfection of HT-29 colon cancer cells with miR-143 decreased K-RAS and ERK5 expression. In conclusion, miR-143 and miR-145 and the predicted target proteins API5, ERK5, K-RAS, and IRS-1 display regional differences in expression in the colon. We speculate that differences in these tumor suppressors might contribute to regional differences in normal colonic gene expression and modulate site-specific differences in malignant predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pekow
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Katherine Meckel
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Fatma Butun
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Reba Mustafi
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - John Lim
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Charis Crofton
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Xindi Chen
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Loren Joseph
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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24
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Sadiq F, Almoghrabi A, Mustafi D, Kreisheh M, Sundaramurthy S, Liu W, Konda VJ, Pekow J, Khare S, Hart J, Joseph L, Wyrwicz A, Karczmar GS, Li YC, Bissonnette M. The renin-angiotensin system mediates EGF receptor-vitamin d receptor cross-talk in colitis-associated colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5848-5859. [PMID: 25212605 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously showed that EGF receptor (EGFR) promotes tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model, whereas vitamin D suppresses tumorigenesis. EGFR-vitamin D receptor (VDR) interactions, however, are incompletely understood. Vitamin D inhibits the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), whereas RAS can activate EGFR. We aimed to elucidate EGFR-VDR cross-talk in colorectal carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To examine VDR-RAS interactions, we treated Vdr(+/+) and Vdr(-/-) mice with AOM/DSS. Effects of VDR on RAS and EGFR were examined by Western blotting, immunostaining, and real-time PCR. We also examined the effect of vitamin D3 on colonic RAS in Vdr(+/+) mice. EGFR regulation of VDR was examined in hypomorphic Egfr(Waved2) (Wa2) and Egfr(wild-type) mice. Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced EGFR activation was studied in cell culture. RESULTS Vdr deletion significantly increased tumorigenesis, activated EGFR and β-catenin signaling, and increased colonic RAS components, including renin and angiotensin II. Dietary VD3 supplementation suppressed colonic renin. Renin was increased in human colon cancers. In studies in vitro, Ang II activated EGFR and stimulated colon cancer cell proliferation by an EGFR-mediated mechanism. Ang II also activated macrophages and colonic fibroblasts. Compared with tumors from Egfr(Waved2) mice, tumors from Egfr(wild-type) mice showed upregulated Snail1, a suppressor of VDR, and downregulated VDR. CONCLUSIONS VDR suppresses the colonic RAS cascade, limits EGFR signals, and inhibits colitis-associated tumorigenesis, whereas EGFR increases Snail1 and downregulates VDR in colonic tumors. Taken together, these results uncover a RAS-dependent mechanism mediating EGFR and VDR cross-talk in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Farhana Sadiq
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Anas Almoghrabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Maggi Kreisheh
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | | | - Weicheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Loren Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Alice Wyrwicz
- Center for Basic MR Research, Department of Radiology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201
| | | | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
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25
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Konda V, Becker V, Ruderman S, Dougherty U, Hart J, Ruiz M, Valuckaite V, Kulkarni A, Fichera A, Waxman I, Bissonnette M. In Vivo Assessment of Tumor Vascularity Using Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Murine Models of Colon Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/221155281120100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu W, Chen Y, Golan MA, Annunziata ML, Du J, Dougherty U, Kong J, Musch M, Huang Y, Pekow J, Zheng C, Bissonnette M, Hanauer SB, Li YC. Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor signaling inhibits experimental colitis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3983-96. [PMID: 23945234 DOI: 10.1172/jci65842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of vitamin D on colitis have been previously documented. Global vitamin D receptor (VDR) deletion exaggerates colitis, but the relative anticolitic contribution of epithelial and nonepithelial VDR signaling is unknown. Here, we showed that colonic epithelial VDR expression was substantially reduced in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Moreover, targeted expression of human VDR (hVDR) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) protected mice from developing colitis. In experimental colitis models induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, dextran sulfate sodium, or CD4(+)CD45RB(hi) T cell transfer, transgenic mice expressing hVDR in IECs were highly resistant to colitis, as manifested by marked reductions in clinical colitis scores, colonic histological damage, and colonic inflammation compared with WT mice. Reconstitution of Vdr-deficient IECs with the hVDR transgene completely rescued Vdr-null mice from severe colitis and death, even though the mice still maintained a hyperresponsive Vdr-deficient immune system. Mechanistically, VDR signaling attenuated PUMA induction in IECs by blocking NF-κB activation, leading to a reduction in IEC apoptosis. Together, these results demonstrate that gut epithelial VDR signaling inhibits colitis by protecting the mucosal epithelial barrier, and this anticolitic activity is independent of nonepithelial immune VDR actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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27
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Mustafi R, Dougherty U, Shah H, Dehghan H, Gliksberg A, Wu J, Zhu H, Joseph L, Hart J, Dive C, Fichera A, Threadgill D, Bissonnette M. Both stromal cell and colonocyte epidermal growth factor receptors control HCT116 colon cancer cell growth in tumor xenografts. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1930-9. [PMID: 22791816 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer growth requires growth-promoting interactions between malignant colonocytes and stromal cells. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are expressed on colonocytes and many stromal cells. Furthermore, EGFR is required for efficient tumorigenesis in experimental colon cancer models. To dissect the cell-specific role of EGFR, we manipulated receptor function on stromal cells and cancer cells. To assess the role of stromal EGFR, HCT116 human colon cancer cells were implanted into immunodeficient mice expressing dominant negative (DN) Egfr(Velvet/+) or Egfr(+/+). To assess the role of cancer cell EGFR, HCT116 transfectants expressing inducible DN-Egfr were implanted into immunodeficient mice. To dissect EGFR signals in vitro, we examined colon cancer cells in monoculture or in cocultures with fibroblasts for EGFR transactivation and prostaglandin synthase 2 (PTGS2) induction. EGFR signals were determined by blotting, immunostaining and real-time PCR. Tumor xenografts in Egfr(Velvet/+) mice were significantly smaller than tumors in Egfr(+/+) mice, with decreased proliferation (Ki67) and increased apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in cancer cells and decreased stromal blood vessels. Mouse stromal transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA), amphiregulin (AREG), PTGS2 and Il1b and interleukin-1 receptor 1 (Il1r1) transcripts and cancer cell beta catenin (CTNNB1) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) were significantly lower in tumors obtained from Egfr(Velvet/+) mice. DN-EGFR HCT116 transfectants also formed significantly smaller tumors with reduced mouse Areg, Ptgs2, Il1b and Il1r1 transcripts. Coculture increased Caco-2 phospho-active ERBB (pERBB2), whereas DN-EGFR in Caco-2 cells suppressed fibroblast PTGS2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In monoculture, interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) transactivated EGFR in HCT116 cells. Stromal cell and colonocyte EGFRs are required for robust EGFR signals and efficient tumor growth, which involve EGFR-interleukin-1 crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reba Mustafi
- Department of Paterson Institute, Manchester, UK
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28
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Pekow JR, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhu H, Kocherginsky M, Rubin DT, Hanauer SB, Hart J, Chang EB, Fichera A, Joseph LJ, Bissonnette M. miR-143 and miR-145 are downregulated in ulcerative colitis: putative regulators of inflammation and protooncogenes. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:94-100. [PMID: 21557394 PMCID: PMC3931730 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-143 and miR-145 are believed to function as colon cancer tumor suppressors, as they inhibit colon cancer cell growth and are downregulated in sporadic colonic tumors. We speculated that miR-143 and miR-145 might also be downregulated and contribute to malignant transformation of colonic epithelium in longstanding ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Biopsies were obtained 20 cm proximal to the anus from individuals with quiescent UC and from normal controls. RNA and proteins were extracted and measured. miR-143 and miR-145 were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and miR-145 was also assessed by in situ hybridization. Putative targets of these miRNAs, K-RAS, API5, MEK-2 (miR-143), and IRS-1 (miR-145) were determined by western blotting. To assess the effects of miR-143 and miR-145 on these predicted targets, HCT116 and HCA-7 colorectal cancer cells were transfected with miR-143 and miR-145 and expression levels of these proteins were measured. RESULTS In UC, miR-143 and miR-145 were significantly downregulated 8.3-fold (3.4-20.1) (P < 0.0001) and 4.3-fold (2.3-7.8) (P < 0.0001), respectively, compared to normal colon. In contrast, IRS-1, K-RAS, API5, and MEK-2 were upregulated in UC, consistent with their assignments as targets of these miRNAs. Furthermore, transfected miR-143 and miR-145 significantly downregulated these proteins in HCT116 or HCA-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Compared to normal colonic mucosa, in chronic UC miR-143 and miR-145 were significantly downregulated and their predicted targets, IRS-1, K-RAS, API5, and MEK-2 were upregulated. We postulate that loss of these tumor suppressor miRNAs predispose to chronic inflammation and neoplastic progression in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R. Pekow
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | | | - David T. Rubin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen B. Hanauer
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Marc Bissonnette
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago; Chicago, IL
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Wang Y, Musch MW, Wang CZ, Konda VJ, Kulkarni A, Hart J, Dawson G, Kim KE, Yuan CS, Chang EB, Bissonnette M. American ginseng suppresses Western diet-promoted tumorigenesis in model of inflammation-associated colon cancer: role of EGFR. Altern Ther Health Med 2011; 11:111. [PMID: 22070864 PMCID: PMC3227598 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Western diets increase colon cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence and experimental studies suggest that ginseng can inhibit colon cancer development. In this study we asked if ginseng could inhibit Western diet (20% fat) promoted colonic tumorigenesis and if compound K, a microbial metabolite of ginseng could suppress colon cancer xenograft growth. Methods Mice were initiated with azoxymethane (AOM) and, two weeks later fed a Western diet (WD, 20% fat) alone, or WD supplemented with 250-ppm ginseng. After 1 wk, mice received 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and were sacrificed 12 wks after AOM. Tumors were harvested and cell proliferation measured by Ki67 staining and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Levels of EGF-related signaling molecules and apoptosis regulators were determined by Western blotting. Anti-tumor effects of intraperitoneal compound K were examined using a tumor xenograft model and compound K absorption measured following oral ginseng gavage by UPLC-mass spectrometry. Effects of dietary ginseng on microbial diversity were measured by analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA. Results Ginseng significantly inhibited colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis and concomitantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. The EGFR cascade was up-regulated in colonic tumors and ginseng significantly reduced EGFR and ErbB2 activation and Cox-2 expression. Dietary ginseng altered colonic microbial diversity, and bacterial suppression with metronidazole reduced serum compound K following ginseng gavage. Furthermore, compound K significantly inhibited tumor xenograft growth. Conclusions Ginseng inhibited colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis promoted by Western diet. We speculate that the ginseng metabolite compound K contributes to the chemopreventive effects of this agent in colonic tumorigenesis.
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30
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Zhu H, Dougherty U, Robinson V, Mustafi R, Pekow J, Kupfer S, Li YC, Hart J, Goss K, Fichera A, Joseph L, Bissonnette M. EGFR signals downregulate tumor suppressors miR-143 and miR-145 in Western diet-promoted murine colon cancer: role of G1 regulators. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:960-75. [PMID: 21653642 PMCID: PMC3819602 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) contribute to colonic tumorigenesis in experimental models of colon cancer. We previously showed that EGFR was also required for colonic tumor promotion by Western diet. The goal of this study was to identify EGFR-regulated microRNAs that contribute to diet-promoted colonic tumorigenesis. Murine colonic tumors from Egfr(wt) and hypomorphic Egfr(wa2) mice were screened using micro RNA (miRNA) arrays and miR-143 and miR-145 changes confirmed by Northern, real-time PCR, and in situ analysis. Rodent and human sporadic and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colon cancers were examined for miR-143 and miR-145. Effects of EGFR on miR-143 and miR-145 expression were assessed in murine and human colonic cells and their putative targets examined in vitro and in vivo. miR-143 and miR-145 were readily detected in normal colonocytes and comparable in Egfr(wt) and Egfr(wa2) mice. These miRNAs were downregulated in azoxymethane and inflammation-associated colonic tumors from Egfr(wt) mice but upregulated in Egfr(wa2) tumors. They were also reduced in human sporadic and UC colon cancers. EGFR signals suppressed miR-143 and miR-145 in human and murine colonic cells. Transfected miR-143 and miR-145 inhibited HCT116 cell growth in vitro and in vivo and downregulated G(1) regulators, K-Ras, MYC, CCND2, cdk6, and E2F3, putative or established targets of these miRNAs. miRNA targets Ras and MYC were increased in colonic tumors from Egfr(wt) but not Egfr(wa2) mice fed a Western diet. EGFR suppresses miR-143 and miR-145 in murine models of colon cancer. Furthermore, Western diet unmasks the tumor suppressor roles of these EGFR-regulated miRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Azoxymethane/pharmacology
- Cetuximab
- Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/etiology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate/pharmacology
- Diet/adverse effects
- Down-Regulation
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- G1 Phase/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- HCT116 Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Bissonnette
- To Whom Correspondence Should be Addressed: Marc Bissonnette, M.D, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, 900 East 57 Street, Chicago, IL 60637; Telephone: (773) 702-8597 FAX: (773) 702-2281
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31
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Holgren C, Dougherty U, Edwin F, Cerasi D, Taylor I, Fichera A, Joseph L, Bissonnette M, Khare S. Sprouty-2 controls c-Met expression and metastatic potential of colon cancer cells: sprouty/c-Met upregulation in human colonic adenocarcinomas. Oncogene 2010; 29:5241-53. [PMID: 20661223 PMCID: PMC2945447 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sprouty negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signals by inhibiting Ras/ERK pathways. Sprouty is down-regulated in breast, prostate and liver cancers and appears to function as a tumor suppressor. The role of Sprouty in colonic neoplasia, however, has not been investigated. Sprouty-2 protein and mRNA transcripts were significantly up-regulated in human colonic adenocarcinomas. Strikingly, the c-Met receptor was also upregulated in tumors with increased sprouty-2. To delineate a potential causal relationship between sprouty-2 and c-Met, K-ras mutant HCT-116 colon cancer cells were transduced with purified TAT-sprouty-2 protein or stably transfected with full-length human sprouty-2 gene. Sprouty-2 up-regulation significantly increased cell proliferation by accelerating cell cycle transition. Sprouty-2 transfectants demonstrated strong up-regulation of c-Met protein and mRNA transcripts and hepatocyte growth factor stimulated ERK and Akt phosphorylation and enhanced cell migration and invasion. In contrast, knockdown of c-Met by siRNA significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in sprouty-2 transfectants. Further, knockdown of sprouty-2 by siRNA in parental HT-29 and LS-174T colon cancer cells also decreased cell invasion. Sprouty-2 transfectants formed significantly larger tumor xenografts and demonstrated increased proliferation and angiogenesis and suppressed apoptosis. Sprouty-2 tumors metastasized to liver from cecal orthotopic implants suggesting sprouty-2 might also enhance metastatic signals. Thus in colon cancer sprouty functions as an oncogene and its effects are mediated in part by c-Met up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Holgren
- Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA
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32
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Mustafi D, Fan X, Dougherty U, Bissonnette M, Karczmar GS, Oto A, Hart J, Markiewicz E, Zamora M. High-resolution magnetic resonance colonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a murine model of colitis. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:922-9. [PMID: 20373393 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, is characterized by persistent or recurrent inflammation and can progress to colon cancer. Colitis is difficult to detect and monitor noninvasively. The goal of this work was to develop a preclinical imaging method for evaluating colitis. Herein, we report improved MRI methods for detecting and characterizing colitis noninvasively in mice, using high-resolution in vivo MR images and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies, which were confirmed by histologic studies in a murine model of colitis. C57Bl6/J male mice were treated with 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium in their drinking water for 5 days to induce colitis. MR images were acquired using a 9.4-T Bruker scanner from 5-25 days following dextran sulfate sodium treatment. In dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies, Gd uptake (K(trans)) and its distribution (v(e)) were measured in muscle and normal and inflamed colons after administering Gd-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). T(2)-weighted MR images distinguished normal colon from diffusely thickened colonic wall occurring in colitis (P <0.0005) and correlated with histologic features. Values of K(trans) and v(e) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were also significantly different in inflamed colons compared to normal colon (P < 0.0005). The results demonstrate that both T(2)-weighted anatomic imaging and quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data can successfully distinguish colitis from normal colon in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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33
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Dougherty U, Cerasi D, Taylor I, Kocherginsky M, Tekin U, Badal S, Aluri L, Sehdev A, Cerda S, Mustafi R, Delgado J, Joseph L, Zhu H, Hart J, Threadgill D, Fichera A, Bissonnette M. Epidermal growth factor receptor is required for colonic tumor promotion by dietary fat in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model: roles of transforming growth factor-{alpha} and PTGS2. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6780-9. [PMID: 19903783 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths. Dietary factors contribute substantially to the risk of this malignancy. Western-style diets promote development of azoxymethane-induced colon cancer. Although we showed that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) controlled azoxymethane tumorigenesis in standard fat conditions, the role of EGFR in tumor promotion by high dietary fat has not been examined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A/J x C57BL6/J mice with wild-type Egfr (Egfr(wt)) or loss-of-function waved-2 Egfr (Egfr(wa2)) received azoxymethane followed by standard (5% fat) or western-style (20% fat) diet. As F(1) mice were resistant to azoxymethane, we treated mice with azoxymethane followed by one cycle of inflammation-inducing dextran sulfate sodium to induce tumorigenesis. Mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after dextran sulfate sodium. Tumors were graded for histology and assessed for EGFR ligands and proto-oncogenes by immunostaining, Western blotting, and real-time PCR. RESULTS Egfr(wt) mice gained significantly more weight and had exaggerated insulin resistance compared with Egfr(wa2) mice on high-fat diet. Dietary fat promoted tumor incidence (71.2% versus 36.7%; P < 0.05) and cancer incidence (43.9% versus 16.7%; P < 0.05) only in Egfr(wt) mice. The lipid-rich diet also significantly increased tumor and cancer multiplicity only in Egfr(wt) mice. In tumors, dietary fat and Egfr(wt) upregulated transforming growth factor-alpha, amphiregulin, CTNNB1, MYC, and CCND1, whereas PTGS2 was only increased in Egfr(wt) mice and further upregulated by dietary fat. Notably, dietary fat increased transforming growth factor-alpha in normal colon. CONCLUSIONS EGFR is required for dietary fat-induced weight gain and tumor promotion. EGFR-dependent increases in receptor ligands and PTGS2 likely drive diet-related tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Dougherty
- Departments of Medicine, Health Studies, Surgery, and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois , USA
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Delgado JS, Mustafi R, Yee J, Cerda S, Chumsangsri A, Dougherty U, Lichtenstein L, Fichera A, Bissonnette M. Sorafenib triggers antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic signals in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:3055-64. [PMID: 18512153 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Current therapies offer scant benefit to patients with advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma. We investigated the effects of Sorafenib, a multifunctional kinase inhibitor, on several growth regulatory pathways that control cell growth and survival in SEG-1 cells derived from Barrett's adenocarcinoma. METHODS SEG-1 cells were exposed to acidified medium or taurocholic acid, with and without pre-incubation with Sorafenib. Cyclin D1 and E, c-Myc, and Bcl-2 expression levels as well as STAT3 activations were determined by Western blotting. Cyclin D1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. RESULTS Sorafenib significantly inhibited SEG-1 cell proliferation stimulated by acid or bile acid treatments and reduced cell survival. This drug significantly reduced the up-regulations of cyclin D1, cyclin E, c-Myc, and Bcl-2 as well as the activation of STAT3 in SEG-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results support a rational basis for future clinical studies to assess the therapeutic benefit of Sorafenib in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge-Shmuel Delgado
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, MC 4076. 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Khare S, Mustafi R, Cerda S, Yuan W, Jagadeeswaran S, Dougherty U, Tretiakova M, Samarel A, Cohen G, Wang J, Moore C, Wali R, Holgren C, Joseph L, Fichera A, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Ursodeoxycholic acid suppresses Cox-2 expression in colon cancer: roles of Ras, p38, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein. Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:389-400. [PMID: 18444174 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701883003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the azoxymethane (AOM) model of experimental rodent colon cancer, cholic acid and its colonic metabolite deoxycholic acid (DCA) strongly promote tumorigenesis. In contrast, we showed that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a low abundance bile acid, inhibited AOM tumorigenesis. Dietary UDCA also blocked the development of tumors with activated Ras and suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) upregulation in AOM tumors. In this study, we compared the effect of dietary supplementation with tumor-promoting cholic acid to chemopreventive UDCA on Cox-2 expression in AOM tumors. Cholic acid enhanced Cox-2 upregulation in AOM tumors, whereas UDCA inhibited this increase and concomitantly decreased CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta), a transcriptional regulator of Cox-2. In HCA-7 colon cancer cells, DCA activated Ras and increased C/EBPbeta and Cox-2 by a mechanism requiring the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. UDCA inhibited DCA-induced p38 activation and decreased C/EBPbeta and Cox-2 upregulation. Using transient transfections, UDCA inhibited Cox-2 promoter and C/EBP reporter activation by DCA. Transfection with dominant-negative (17)N-Ras abolished DCA-induced p38 activation and C/EBPbeta and Cox-2 upregulation. Taken together, these studies have identified a transcriptional pathway regulating Cox-2 expression involving Ras, p38, and C/EBPbeta that is inhibited by UDCA. These signal transducers are novel targets of UDCA's chemopreventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Khare
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
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Dougherty U, Sehdev A, Cerda S, Mustafi R, Little N, Yuan W, Jagadeeswaran S, Chumsangsri A, Delgado J, Tretiakova M, Joseph L, Hart J, Cohen EEW, Aluri L, Fichera A, Bissonnette M. Epidermal growth factor receptor controls flat dysplastic aberrant crypt foci development and colon cancer progression in the rat azoxymethane model. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2253-62. [PMID: 18413814 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colonic carcinogenesis deranges growth-regulating epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). We previously showed that EGFR signals were up-regulated in human aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative colon cancer precursors. The azoxymethane model of colon cancer recapitulates many aspects of human colonic tumors. Recent studies indicate that flat dysplastic ACF with increased beta-catenin are tumor precursors in this model. We asked, therefore, if EGFR signals are required for flat dysplastic ACF development and cancer progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Rats received azoxymethane or saline, and standard chow or chow supplemented with gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, for 44 weeks. EGFR signals were quantified in normal colon, flat ACF, and tumors by computerized analysis of immunostains and Western blots. K-ras mutations were assessed by PCR and mRNA for egfr ligands by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS EGFR inhibition with gefitinib decreased the incidence of flat dysplastic ACF from 66% to 36% and tumors from 71% to 22% (P < 0.05). This inhibitor also reduced the overexpressions of cyclin D1 and Cox-2 in flat ACF. Furthermore, in flat ACF, EGFR blockade decreased the up-regulation of c-Jun, FosB, phosphorylated active signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta, potential regulators of cyclin D1 and Cox-2. In colonic tumors, EGFR blockade significantly decreased angiogenesis, proliferation, and progression while also increasing apoptosis (P < 0.05). Gefitinib also inhibited the activations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Src, and AKT pathways in tumors. CONCLUSIONS We have shown for the first time that EGFR promotes the development of flat dysplastic ACF and the progression of malignant colonic tumors. Furthermore, we have mechanistically identified several transcription factors and their targets as EGFR effectors in colonic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Fichera A, Little N, Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Cerda S, Li YC, Delgado J, Arora A, Campbell LK, Joseph L, Hart J, Noffsinger A, Bissonnette M. A vitamin D analogue inhibits colonic carcinogenesis in the AOM/DSS model. J Surg Res 2007; 142:239-45. [PMID: 17574271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The azoxymethane (AOM) model recapitulates many features of human colon cancer, lacking an inflammatory component. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induces colitis and promotes AOM-induced colon cancer in mice. Vitamin D analogues are anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive in models of colon cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive efficacy of the vitamin D analogue Ro26-2198 in the AOM/DSS model and in vitro in HCA-7 colon cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A/J mice received Ro26-2198 (0.01 microg/kg body wt/day x 28 days) or vehicle by mini-osmotic pump. Animals were treated with a single dose of AOM (5 mg/kg body wt) or vehicle 1 week after pump insertion. Mice received 3% DSS or water x 7 days beginning week 3. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and colon segments were fixed in formalin or flash-frozen. Hematoxylin and eosin colonic sections were examined for dysplasia and colonic lysates were assessed for c-Myc, cyclooxygenase 2, and phospho-(active) extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) by Western blotting. For in vitro studies, HCA-7 cells were treated with Ro26-2198 followed by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Proliferation was measured by WST-1 assay. RESULTS Ro26-2198 delayed the onset of clinical colitis. Several dysplastic foci were present in the AOM/DSS group; none were found in the Ro26-2198 group. Compared with control, AOM/DSS significantly increased c-Myc (15-fold), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) (2.5-fold), and pERK (10-fold), and Ro26-2198 abolished these increases. In vitro, Ro26-2198 inhibited IL-1beta-induced ERK activation and COX-2 induction and decreased HCA-7 cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Ro26-2198 inhibited proliferative (ERK, c-Myc) and pro-inflammatory (COX-2) signals and progression to dysplasia, suggesting chemopreventive efficacy in this model of colitis-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fichera
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Fichera A, Little N, Jagadeeswaran S, Dougherty U, Sehdev A, Mustafi R, Cerda S, Yuan W, Khare S, Tretiakova M, Gong C, Tallerico M, Cohen G, Joseph L, Hart J, Turner JR, Bissonnette M. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling is required for microadenoma formation in the mouse azoxymethane model of colonic carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2007; 67:827-35. [PMID: 17234795 PMCID: PMC2705749 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colonic carcinogenesis involves the progressive dysregulation of homeostatic mechanisms that control growth. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) regulates colonocyte growth and differentiation and is overexpressed in many human colon cancers. A requirement for EGFR in colonic premalignancy, however, has not been shown. In the current study, we used a specific EGFR antagonist, gefitinib, to investigate this role of the receptor in azoxymethane colonic premalignancy. The azoxymethane model shares many clinical, histologic, and molecular features of human colon cancer. Mice received azoxymethane i.p. (5 mg/kg/wk) or saline for 6 weeks. Animals were also gavaged with gefitinib (10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle (DMSO) thrice weekly for 18 weeks, a dose schedule that inhibited normal receptor activation by exogenous EGF. Compared with control colonocytes [bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), 2.2+/-1.2%], azoxymethane significantly increased proliferation (BrdUrd, 12.6+/-2.8%), whereas gefitinib inhibited this hyperproliferation (BrdUrd, 6.2+/-4.0%; <0.005). Azoxymethane significantly induced pro-transforming growth factor-alpha (6.4+/-1.3-fold) and increased phospho-(active) EGFR (5.9+/-1.1-fold), phospho-(active) ErbB2 (2.3+/-0.2-fold), and phospho-(active) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (3.3+/-0.4-fold) in premalignant colonocytes. Gefitinib inhibited activations of these kinases by >75% (P<0.05). Gefitinib also significantly reduced the number of large aberrant crypt foci and decreased the incidence of colonic microadenomas from 75% to 33% (P<0.05). Gefitinib concomitantly decreased cell cycle-regulating cyclin D1 and prostanoid biosynthetic enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in microadenomas, suggesting that these regulators are key targets of EGFR in colonic carcinogenesis. These results show for the first time that EGFR signaling is required for early stages of colonic carcinogenesis. Our findings suggest, moreover, that inhibitors of EGFR might be useful in chemopreventive strategies in individuals at increased risk for colonic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fichera
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Cohen G, Mustafi R, Chumsangsri A, Little N, Nathanson J, Cerda S, Jagadeeswaran S, Dougherty U, Joseph L, Hart J, Yerian L, Tretiakova M, Yuan W, Obara P, Khare S, Sinicrope FA, Fichera A, Boss GR, Carroll R, Bissonnette M. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling is up-regulated in human colonic aberrant crypt foci. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5656-64. [PMID: 16740703 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are collections of abnormal colonic crypts with heterogeneous molecular and pathologic characteristics. Large and dysplastic ACF are putative precursors of colon cancer with neoplastic risk related to increased proliferation. In this study, we examined the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in regulating ACF proliferation. Using magnification chromoendoscopy, we collected large ACF with endoscopic features of dysplasia and separately biopsied adjacent mucosa. Transcript levels were measured by real-time PCR, proteins were assessed by Western blotting, and levels were expressed as fold changes of adjacent mucosa. K-ras and B-Raf mutations were assessed by PCR and Ras activation by the ratio Ras-GTP / (Ras-GTP + Ras-GDP). At the RNA level, 38% of ACF were hyperproliferative, with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA >/=2-fold of adjacent mucosa. Hyperproliferative ACF had significantly increased mRNA levels of EGFR (6.0 +/- 1.7-fold), transforming growth factor-alpha (14.4 +/- 5.0-fold), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (4.5 +/- 1.4-fold), cyclin D1 (4.6 +/- 0.7-fold), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; 9.3 +/- 4.2-fold; P < 0.05). At the protein level, 46% of ACF were hyperproliferative (PCNA, 3.2 +/- 1.2-fold). In hyperproliferative ACF, 44% possessed significant increases in four EGFR signaling components: EGFR (9.5 +/- 1.3-fold), phosphoactive ErbB2 (2.6 +/- 0.4-fold), phosphoactive extracellular signal-regulated kinase (3.7 +/- 1.1-fold), and cyclin D1 (3.4 +/- 0.8-fold; P < 0.05). Ras was activated in 46% of ACF (3.2 +/- 0.4-fold; P < 0.05), but K-ras mutations were present in only 7% of ACF. In contrast to COX-2 mRNA, the protein was not increased in hyperproliferative ACF. In summary, we have shown that ACF with up-regulated PCNA possess increased EGFR signaling components that likely contribute to the enhanced proliferative state of dysplastic-appearing ACF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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