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Chaudhary V, Jangra S, Mishra A, Yadav NR. MicroRNA Identification, Target Prediction, and Validation for Crop Improvement. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2630:13-24. [PMID: 36689173 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2982-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (mi-RNAs) are regulatory elements that play a vital role in the growth, development, and metabolic regulation of plants. In current research, the isolation of miRNAs is a tedious and difficult task using in vitro methods. However, recent exploration into the remarkably highly conserved nature of nucleotide sequences of miRNAs assists in the identification of miRNAs in plant species through homologous approaches. Here, we describe the in silico-based method for identification of miRNAs from the EST database which is emerging as a faster and more reliable approach along with the development of miRNA-SSR markers. This approach has the potential to accelerate research into the regulation of gene expression in various plant species such as tea, potato, tomato, tobacco, and orphan crops like cluster bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrantika Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Sumit Jangra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Arsuaga-Vazquez Lab, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neelam R Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
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Zdeg I, Al‐Shami A, Tiouichi G, Absike H, Chaudhary V, Neugebauer P, Nouneh K, Belhboub A, Mounkachi O, El Fatimy A. Electrical Transport Properties of Layered Black Phosphorus grown by Chemical Vapor Transport. Cryst Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Zdeg
- Institute of Applied Physics Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
- Complex Systems and Interactions Ecole Centrale Casablanca Bouskoura, Ville Verte Casablanca 27182 Morocco
| | - A. Al‐Shami
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Interdisciplinary Sciences LaMCScI, Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University of Rabat Benguerir 43150 Morocco
| | - G. Tiouichi
- Institute of Applied Physics Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
- MSDA Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
| | - H. Absike
- Institute of Applied Physics Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
| | - V. Chaudhary
- Institute of Applied Physics Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
- MSDA Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
| | - P. Neugebauer
- Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC BUT Purkyňova 656/123 Brno 61200 Czech Republic
| | - K. Nouneh
- Laboratory of Material Physics and Subatomic Ibn Tofail University BP 242 Kenitra 14000 Morocco
| | - A. Belhboub
- Complex Systems and Interactions Ecole Centrale Casablanca Bouskoura, Ville Verte Casablanca 27182 Morocco
| | - O. Mounkachi
- Institute of Applied Physics Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Interdisciplinary Sciences LaMCScI, Faculty of Sciences Mohammed V University of Rabat Benguerir 43150 Morocco
- MSDA Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
| | - A. El Fatimy
- Institute of Applied Physics Mohammed VI Polytechnic University Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid Ben Guerir Benguerir 43150 Morocco
- Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC BUT Purkyňova 656/123 Brno 61200 Czech Republic
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Chaudhary V, Jangra S, Yadav NR. In silico Identification of miRNAs and Their Targets in Cluster Bean for Their Role in Development and Physiological Responses. Front Genet 2022; 13:930113. [PMID: 35846150 PMCID: PMC9280363 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.930113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster bean popularly known as “guar” is a drought-tolerant, annual legume that has recently emerged as an economically important crop, owing to its high protein and gum content. The guar gum has wide range of applications in food, pharma, and mining industries. India is the leading exporter of various cluster bean-based products all across the globe. Non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating the expression of the target genes leading to variations in the associated pathways or final protein concentrations. The understanding of miRNAs and their associated targets in cluster bean is yet to be used to its full potential. In the present study, cluster bean EST (Expressed Sequence Tags) database was exploited to identify the miRNA and their predicted targets associated with metabolic and biological processes especially response to diverse biotic and abiotic stimuli using in silico approach. Computational analysis based on cluster bean ESTs led to the identification of 57 miRNAs along with their targets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on identification of miRNAs and their targets using ESTs in cluster bean. The miRNA related to gum metabolism was also identified. Most abundant miRNA families predicted in our study were miR156, miR172, and miR2606. The length of most of the mature miRNAs was found to be 21nt long and the range of minimal folding energy (MFE) was 5.8–177.3 (−kcal/mol) with an average value of 25.4 (−kcal/mol). The identification of cluster bean miRNAs and their targets is predicted to hasten the miRNA discovery, resulting in better knowledge of the role of miRNAs in cluster bean development, physiology, and stress responses.
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Tan LP, Chaudhary V, Tsakadze Z, Ramanujan RV. Rapid multiple property determination from bulk materials libraries prepared from chemically synthesized powders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9504. [PMID: 35680980 PMCID: PMC9184742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of high-performance materials are utilized in electrical, electronic, and mechanical systems. Such systems account for a significant fraction of the world’s electricity consumption. The next generation of such systems urgently require new material compositions which possess a better combination of both structural and functional properties. Only accelerated methodologies can rapidly determine the required multiple property set. Hence, a range of iron–cobalt–nickel ternary alloy composition powders were chemically synthesized. Compositionally graded bulk materials libraries were prepared by spark plasma sintering of these powders. A multiple property set of the crystal structure, magnetic, mechanical, and electrical properties were determined for a range of compositions. This property set revealed that a good combination of magnetic and mechanical properties can be obtained from Fe50Co40Ni10, high electrical resistivity from Fe54Co17Ni29 and high saturation magnetization as well as high hardness from Fe57Co29Ni14. Thus, this multiple property library, developed by accelerated methodologies, can be utilized to identify new ternary compositions satisfying diverse property sets relevant to next generation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - V Chaudhary
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Z Tsakadze
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - R V Ramanujan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Abstract
Superior passive cooling technologies are urgently required to tackle device overheating, consequent performance degradation, and service life reduction. Magnetic cooling, governed by the thermomagnetic convection of a ferrofluid, is a promising emerging passive heat transfer technology to meet these challenges. Hence, we studied the performance metrics, non-dimensional parameters, and thermomagnetic cooling performance of various ferrite and metal-based ferrofluids. The magnetic pressure, friction factor, power transfer, and exergy loss were determined to predict the performance of such cooling devices. We also investigated the significance of the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles used in the ferrofluid on cooling performance. γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibited superior cooling performance among ferrite-based ferrofluids. FeCo nanoparticles had the best cooling performance for the case of metallic ferrofluids. The saturation magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles is found to be a significant parameter to enhance heat transfer and heat load cooling. These results can be used to select the optimum magnetic nanoparticle-based ferrofluid for a specific magnetic cooling device application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Pattanaik
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.499358.aSingapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - V. B. Varma
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.499358.aSingapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - S. K. Cheekati
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.499358.aSingapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - V. Chaudhary
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - R. V. Ramanujan
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore ,grid.499358.aSingapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), Nanomaterials for Energy and Energy-Water Nexus (NEW), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, 138602 Singapore
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Boucher MC, Qian J, Brent MH, Wong DT, Sheidow T, Duval R, Kherani A, Dookeran R, Maberley D, Samad A, Chaudhary V. Evidence-based Canadian guidelines for tele-retina screening for diabetic retinopathy: recommendations from the Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) Tele-Retina Steering Committee. Can J Ophthalmol 2021; 55:14-24. [PMID: 32089161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report is to develop a consensus for Canadian national guidelines specific to a tele-medicine approach to screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) using evidence-based and clinical data. METHODS Canadian Tele-Screening Grading Scales for DR and diabetic macular edema (DME) were created primarily based on severity grading scales outlined by the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale (ICDR) and the Scottish DR Grading Scheme 2007. Other grading scales used in international screening programs and the clinical expertise of the Canadian Retina Research Network members and retina specialists nationwide were also used in the creation of the guidelines. RESULTS National Tele-Screening Guidelines for DR and DME with and without optical coherence tomography (OCT) images are proposed. These outline a diagnosis and management algorithm for patients presenting with different stages of DR and/or DME. General guidelines detailing the requirements for imaged retina fields, image quality, quality control, and follow-up care and the role of visual acuity, pupil dilation, OCT, ultra-wide-field imaging, and artificial intelligence are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Tele-retina screening can help to address the need for timely and effective screening for DR, whose prevalence continues to rise. A standardized and evidence-based national approach to DR tele-screening has been proposed, based on DR/DME grading using two 45° image fields or a single widefield or ultra-wide-field image, preferable use of OCT imaging, and a focus on local quality control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Boucher
- Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie (CUO)-Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qué
| | - J Qian
- Hamilton Regional Eye Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - M H Brent
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Ophthalmology, University Health Network-Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - D T Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Ophthalmology, Unity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont
| | - T Sheidow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ivey Eye Institute-St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont
| | - R Duval
- Centre universitaire d'ophtalmologie (CUO)-Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qué
| | - A Kherani
- Southern Alberta Eye Center, Calgary Retina Consultants, Calgary, Alta
| | - R Dookeran
- Misericordia Health Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man
| | - D Maberley
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Eye Care Centre-Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, B.C
| | - A Samad
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S
| | - V Chaudhary
- Hamilton Regional Eye Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont..
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Abstract
Development of high-throughput phenotyping technologies has progressed considerably in the last 10 years. These technologies provide precise measurements of desired traits among thousands of field-grown plants under diversified environments; this is a critical step towards selection of better performing lines as to yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance to accelerate crop improvement programs. High-throughput phenotyping techniques and platforms help unraveling the genetic basis of complex traits associated with plant growth and development and targeted traits. This review focuses on the advancements in technologies involved in high-throughput, field-based, aerial, and unmanned platforms. Development of user-friendly data management tools and softwares to better understand phenotyping will increase the use of field-based high-throughput techniques, which have potential to revolutionize breeding strategies and meet the future needs of stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jangra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Vrantika Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Ram C. Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Neelam R. Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
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Panwar H, Rokana N, Aparna SV, Kaur J, Singh A, Singh J, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Puniya AK. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S V Aparna
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K S Singh
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Bond C, Johnson J, Chaudhary V, McCarthy E, McWhorter M, Woehrle N. Perinatal fluoxetine exposure results in social deficits and reduced monoamine oxidase gene expression in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kumar S, Gupta K, Murali T, Dharma K, Anand A, Bhandare M, Chaudhary V, Shrikhande S. Pattern of gastric cancer in young(GCY): A retrospective study from a tertiary cancer care centre in Indian subcontinent. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy432.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chaudhary V, Jangra S, Yadav NR. Nanotechnology based approaches for detection and delivery of microRNA in healthcare and crop protection. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:40. [PMID: 29653577 PMCID: PMC5897953 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology has the potential to revolutionize diverse sectors including medicine, agriculture, food, textile and pharmaceuticals. Disease diagnostics, therapeutics and crop protection strategies are fast emerging using nanomaterials preferably nanobiomaterials. It has potential for development of novel nanobiomolecules which offer several advantages over conventional treatment methods. RNA nanoparticles with many unique features are promising candidates in disease treatment. The miRNAs are involved in many biochemical and developmental pathways and their regulation in plants and animals. These appear to be a powerful tool for controlling various pathological diseases in human, plants and animals, however there are challenges associated with miRNA based nanotechnology. Several advancements made in the field of miRNA therapeutics make it an attractive approach, but a lot more has to be explored in nanotechnology assisted miRNA therapy. The miRNA based technologies can be employed for detection and combating crop diseases as well. Despite these potential advantages, nanobiotechnology applications in the agricultural sector are still in its infancy and have not yet made its mark in comparison with healthcare sector. The review provides a platform to discuss nature, role and use of miRNAs in nanobiotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrantika Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Sumit Jangra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
| | - Neelam R. Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
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Zhong Y, Chaudhary V, Tan X, Parmar H, Ramanujan RV. Mechanochemical synthesis of high coercivity Nd 2(Fe,Co) 14B magnetic particles. Nanoscale 2017; 9:18651-18660. [PMID: 28905064 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for magnets in energy conversion systems, the quest for the development and understanding of novel processing routes to produce permanent magnets has become urgent. We report a novel mechanochemical process for the synthesis of Nd2(Fe,Co)14B magnetic particles with a high coercivity of 12.4 kOe. This process involves the reduction of neodymium oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide and boron anhydride in the presence of a calcium reducing agent and a CaO diluent. The formation mechanism of Nd2(Fe,Co)14B changed with increasing CaO content, and the average crystal size of the Nd2(Fe,Co)14B particles also increased, resulting in an increase in the coercivity values. The reaction mechanism during milling was revealed through a study of the phase transformations as a function of milling time. It was found that unlike self-propagating reactions, this reduction reaction during milling requires continuous input of mechanical energy to reach a steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Parmar H, Xiao T, Chaudhary V, Zhong Y, Ramanujan RV. High energy product chemically synthesized exchange coupled Nd 2Fe 14B/α-Fe magnetic powders. Nanoscale 2017; 9:13956-13966. [PMID: 28920126 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02348k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The excellent hard magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B based magnets have an enormous range of technological applications. Exchange-coupled Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe magnets were chemically synthesized by a microwave assisted combustion process to produce mixed oxides, followed by a reduction diffusion process to form magnetic nano-composite powder. This synthesis technique offers an inexpensive and facile platform to produce exchange coupled hard magnets. The size dependent magnetic properties were investigated. The formation mechanisms of the oxide powders and the reduction diffusion mechanism were identified. The microwave power was found to play a crucial role in determining the crystallite size. The coercivity of the powder increased with increasing particle size. Room temperature coercivity (Hc) values greater than 9 kOe and magnetization of 110 emu g-1 was obtained in particles with a mean size of ∼62 nm. An energy product of 5.2 MGOe was obtained, which is the highest reported value for chemically synthesized hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshida Parmar
- Rolls-Royce@NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Rana J, Gulati S, Rajasekharan S, Gupta A, Chaudhary V, Gupta S. Identification of potential molecular associations between chikungunya virus non-structural protein 2 and human host proteins. Acta Virol 2017; 61:39-47. [PMID: 28105853 DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_01_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) is considered to be the master regulator of viral RNA replication and host responses generated during viral infection. This protein has two main functional domains: an N-terminal domain which exhibits NTPase, RNA triphosphatase and helicase activities and a C-terminal protease domain. Understanding how CHIKV nsP2 interacts with its host proteins is essential for elucidating all the required processes for viral replication and pathogenesis along with the identification of potential targets for antiviral therapy. In current study yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human fetal brain cDNA library was performed using nsP2 protein as bait. The analysis identified seven host proteins (CCDC130, CPNE6, POLR2C, MAPK9, EIF4A2, EEF1A1 and EIF3I) as putative interactors of CHIKV nsP2 which were selected for further analysis based on their roles in host cellular machinery. The gene ontology analysis indicates that these proteins are mainly involved in apoptosis, transcription and translational mechanism of host cell. Domain mapping of nsP2 revealed that these associations are not random connections but instead they have functional significance. Further studies to identify the amino acid residues and their chemical interactions that may help in opening new possibilities for preventing these interactions, thus reducing chances of chikungunya infection were performed. This study expands the understanding of CHIKV-host interactions and is important for rational approaches of discovering new antiviral agents.
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Ray A, Chaudhary V, Wang ZP, Ramanujan RV. Surfactant Free Room Temperature Synthesis of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles in Microchannels. j nanofluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2016.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chavan VR, Chaudhary V, Ahir P, Mehta R, Mavani PS, Kerkar C, Pramanik JM. Current scenario of opportunistic and co-infections in HIV-infected individuals at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:78-83. [PMID: 25560006 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An update on opportunistic infections/co-infections (OIs/CIs) is essential to understand the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy offered by the government agencies in reducing AIDS-related OIs/CIs. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of OIs/CIs in HIV-positive individuals at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai. Its' association with CD4 counts, anti-retroviral treatment and on HIV transmission was also determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational study was designed to evaluate different OIs/CIs in individuals, who tested positive for HIV infection at the ICTC/Shakti Clinic of Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai. Data analysis was done with the use of SPSS software (version 19.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). P value was considered significant if it is < 0.05. RESULTS Heterosexual contact was the major route of transmission among the enrolled 185 individuals. Ninety (48.06%) HIV-infected individuals were with OIs/CIs. Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common OI (68.8%). Other CIs noted were Herpes zoster, syphilis, hepatitis C and B, malaria, typhoid and dengue. The median CD4 count in HIV-positive individuals with TB was 337 ± 248 cells/μl, and 67.7% of individuals with OIs/CIs had low CD4 counts (<400 cells/μl). Individuals in 31-40 years of age group had significantly (P = 0.01) more OIs/CIs. More (53.7%) spouse/children of HIV-positive individuals without OIs/CIs were HIV-1 positive. Low proportions of individuals with or without OIs/CIs were on ART. CONCLUSION Nearly half of HIV-infected individuals were with OIs/CIs. Initiation of free ART programme since 2004 possibly associated with the type and rate of OIs/CIs. Tuberculosis and multiple OIs/CIs were associated with low CD4 counts. Infection was high in 31-40 years age group. Most of the spouses of individuals without OIs/CIs were HIV positive, indirectly indicates lack of condom use or lack of awareness of condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J M Pramanik
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology , National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Patil VM, Noronha V, Joshi A, Krishna VM, Dhumal S, Chaudhary V, Juvekar S, Pai PS, Pankaj C, Chaukar D, Dcruz AK, Prabhash K. Referral pattern for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the head and neck cancers in a tertiary care center. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:100-3. [PMID: 25104187 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.137956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of any treatment modality in cancer depends not only on the effectiveness of the modality, but also on other factors such as local expertise, tolerance of the modality, cost and prevalence of the disease. Oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer are the major subsites in which majority of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) literature in the head and neck cancers is available. However, oral cancers form a major subsite in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an analysis of a prospectively maintained data on NACT in the head and neck cancers from 2008 to 2012. All these patients were referred for NACT for various indications from a multidisciplinary clinic. Descriptive analysis of indications for NACT in this data base is presented. RESULTS A total of 862 patients received NACT within the stipulated time period. The sites where oral cavity 721 patients (83.6%), maxilla 41 patients (4.8%), larynx 33 patients (3.8%), laryngopharynx 8 patients (0.9%) and hypopharynx 59 patients (8.2%). Out of oral cancers, the major indication for NACT was to make the cancer resectable in all (100%) patients. The indication in carcinoma of maxilla was to make the disease resectable in 29 patients (70.7% of maxillary cancers) and in 12 patients (29.3% of maxillary cancers) it was given as an attempt to preserve the eyeball. The indication for NACT in laryngeal cancers was organ preservation in 14 patients (42.4% of larnyngeal cancer) and to achieve resectability in 19 patients (57.6% of larnyngeal cancer). The group with laryngopharynx is a cohort of eight patients in whom NACT was given to prevent tracheostomy, these patients had presented with early stridor (common terminology criteria for adverse events Version 4.02). The reason for NACT in hypopharyngeal cancers was for organ preservation in 24 patients (40.7% of hypopharyngeal cancer) and for achievement of resectability in 35 patients (59.3% of hypopharyngeal cancer). CONCLUSION The major indication for NACT is to make disease resectable at our center while cases for organ preservation are few.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rana SS, Dhaliwal HS, Sharma V, Chaudhary V, Bhasin DK. Pancreatic stent eroding into the stomach. Endoscopy 2014; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E361-2. [PMID: 24285048 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1344774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Kumar V, Kayasth M, Chaudhary V, Gera R. Diversity of diazotrophs in arid and semi-arid regions of Haryana and evaluation of their plant growth promoting potential on Bt-cotton and pearl millet. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Every day we hear more and more about free radicals and how they are linked with innumerable diseases and health conditions from ageing to muscular degeneration and even some forms of cancer. The problem is not in knowing that these microscopic enemies exist. We know that they do! The problem is how to fight them so that they are rendered harmless. Under normal metabolic conditions each cell of human body is exposed to about 1010 molecules of superoxide anions (primary free radical) each day. For a person weighing 150 pounds, this amounts to about 4 pounds of superoxide per year, a substantial amount! Once formed, superoxide can react through catalytic pathways in the cell to form many other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). The antioxidant defense system in the human body is extensive and consists of multiple layers, which protect against different types of ROS/RNS. Many of the biological effects of antioxidants appear to be related to their ability not only to scavenge the deleterious free radicals but also to modulate cell signalling pathways. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 171-180 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8971
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Noble J, Chaudhary V. Ranibizumab and the eye. CMAJ 2011; 183:822. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Bakhtiari M, Malhotra H, Jones MD, Chaudhary V, Walters JP, Nazareth D. Applying graphics processor units to Monte Carlo dose calculation in radiation therapy. J Med Phys 2010; 35:120-2. [PMID: 20589122 PMCID: PMC2884304 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.62198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the potential in using of using a graphics processor unit (GPU) for Monte-Carlo (MC)-based radiation dose calculations. The percent depth dose (PDD) of photons in a medium with known absorption and scattering coefficients is computed using a MC simulation running on both a standard CPU and a GPU. We demonstrate that the GPU's capability for massive parallel processing provides a significant acceleration in the MC calculation, and offers a significant advantage for distributed stochastic simulations on a single computer. Harnessing this potential of GPUs will help in the early adoption of MC for routine planning in a clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bakhtiari
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - H. Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - M. D. Jones
- Department of Physics and Center for Computational Research, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - V. Chaudhary
- Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - J. P. Walters
- Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - D. Nazareth
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Prasanna R, Sood A, Jaiswal P, Nayak S, Gupta V, Chaudhary V, Joshi M, Natarajan C. Rediscovering cyanobacteria as valuable sources of bioactive compounds (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Prasanna R, Sood A, Jaiswal P, Nayak S, Gupta V, Chaudhary V, Joshi M, Natarajan C. Rediscovering cyanobacteria as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2010; 46:133-147. [PMID: 20391755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a simple, but primitive and diverse group of microorganisms, with characteristics in common to both bacteria and algae. Their success as a group in a wide range of habitats has been attributed to their unique physiological characters and high adaptive ability under a wide range of environmental conditions. The potential of cyanobacteria as a source of a variety of compounds such as polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, vitamins, sterols, enzymes, pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals is well recognized, and their demand is now on an increasing trend. This compilation reviews the salient advances in the discovery of bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and their significance in agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prasanna
- Division of Microbiology & Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue-Green Algae Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Srivastava S, Yadav A, Seem K, Mishra S, Chaudhary V, Nautiyal CS. Effect of high temperature on Pseudomonas putida NBRI0987 biofilm formation and expression of stress sigma factor RpoS. Curr Microbiol 2008; 56:453-7. [PMID: 18219523 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas is an efficient plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; however, among the limiting factors for its commercialization, tolerance for high temperature is the most critical one. After screening 2,500 Pseudomnas sp. strains, a high temperature tolerant-strain Pseudomonas putida NBRI0987 was isolated from the drought-exposed rhizosphere of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Radhey), which was grown under rain-fed conditions. P. putida NBRI0987 tolerated a temperature of 40 degrees C for < or = 5 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Pseudomnas sp. demonstrating survival estimated by counting viable cells under such a high temperature. P. putida NBRI0987 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml on day 10 in both the absence and presence of MgSO4 x 7H2O (MgSO4) in combination with glycerol at 40 degrees C were 0.0 and 1.7 x 10(11), respectively. MgSO4 plus glycerol also enhanced the ability of P. putida NBRI0987 to tolerate high temperatures by inducing its ability to form biofilm. However, production of alginate was not critical for biofilm formation. The present study demonstrates overexpression of stress sigma factor sigma(S) (RpoS) when P. putida NBRI0987 is grown under high-temperature stress at 40 degrees C compared with 30 degrees C. We present evidence, albeit indirect, that the adaptation of P. putida NBRI0987 to high temperatures is a complex multilevel regulatory process in which many different genes can be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srivastava
- Division of Plant Microbe Interactions, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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Mandal B, Jain RK, Chaudhary V, Varma A. First Report of Natural Infection of Luffa acutangula by Watermelon bud necrosis virus in India. Plant Dis 2003; 87:598. [PMID: 30812967 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In August 2002, ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) plant samples exhibiting yellowing of leaves were collected from the experimental farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Mechanical inoculations of ridge gourd seedlings using the above samples resulted in chlorotic spots on inoculated leaves and vein clearing followed by chlorotic rings and yellow netting along veins of newly developed leaves. The virus was reisolated from the chlorotic spots of the seedlings. Extracts from the field samples as well as mechanically inoculated seedlings reacted with antiserum to Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) in direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, suggesting the association of a tospovirus belonging to WSMoV serogroup (2). Symptomatic leaves from the second mechanical passage exhibiting yellow netting along the veins were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (1) to identify the genus Tospovirus. Using the primer pair (5'TCTGTCCT(C/T) TTGAA (G/T) GTCCA3' and 5'AGAGCAATCGAGGCGCT3') derived from the conserved sequences of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) and WSMoV, part of the nucleocapsid (N) protein gene and the complete noncoding region upstream of the N gene's coding sequence were cloned and sequenced. Comparative sequence analysis of 291-bp region of the N gene revealed that the genus Tospovirus infecting ridge gourd shared maximum identity both at nucleotide (94%) and amino acid (97%) levels with the corresponding region of Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), which is a distinct species of WSMoV serogroup infecting watermelon in India (1). In contrast, only 76 to 81% and 82% identity at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, was observed with the corresponding region of the N genes of GBNV and WSMoV. Natural infection of WBNV in cucurbits except watermelon in India is not known. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of ridge gourd by WBNV. References: (1) R. K. Jain et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1637, 1998. (2) J. W. Moyer. Tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae). Pages 1803-1807 in: Encyclopedia of Virology. A. Granoff and R. G. Webster, eds. Academic Press, New York, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mandal
- Virology Unit, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - R K Jain
- Virology Unit, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - V Chaudhary
- Virology Unit, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - A Varma
- Virology Unit, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
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Fata JE, Chaudhary V, Khokha R. Cellular turnover in the mammary gland is correlated with systemic levels of progesterone and not 17beta-estradiol during the estrous cycle. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:680-8. [PMID: 11514328 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod65.3.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammary tissue has been considered "resting" with minimal morphological change. Here, we reveal the dynamic nature of the nulliparous murine mammary gland. We demonstrate specific changes at the morphological and cellular levels, and uncover their relationship with the murine estrous cycle and physiological levels of steroid hormones. Differences in the numbers of higher-order epithelial branches and alveolar development led to extensive mouse-to-mouse mammary variations. Morphology (assigned grades 0-3) ranged from a complete lack of alveoli to the presence of numerous alveoli emanating from branches. Morphological changes were driven by epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, which differed between ductal versus alveolar structures. Proliferation within alveolar epithelium increased as morphological grade increased. Extensive alveolar apoptosis was restricted to tissue exhibiting grade 3 morphology, and was approximately 14-fold higher than at all other grades. Epithelial proliferation and apoptosis exhibited a positive relationship with serum levels of progesterone, but not with 17beta-estradiol. Compared with other estrous stages, diestrus was unique in that the morphological grade, epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and progesterone levels all peaked at this stage. The regulated tissue remodeling of the mammary gland was orchestrated with mRNA changes in specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP-13) and specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-3 and TIMP-4). We propose that the cyclical turnover of epithelial cells within the adult mammary tissue is a sum of spatial and functional coordination of hormonal and matrix regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fata
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
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Brinkmann U, Webber K, Di Carlo A, Beers R, Chowdhury P, Chang K, Chaudhary V, Gallo M, Pastan I. Cloning and expression of the recombinant FAb fragment of monoclonal antibody K1 that reacts with mesothelin present on mesotheliomas and ovarian cancers. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:638-44. [PMID: 9178820 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970516)71:4<638::aid-ijc21>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (MAb) K1 recognizes an approximate 40 kDa glycoprotein, mesothelin, that is present on the surface of human mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas and ovarian cancers. We have cloned the cDNAs encoding the variable regions of MAb K1 and constructed plasmids for expression of recombinant K1(FAb). Recombinant FAb was produced in Escherichia coli in inclusion bodies that were solubilized and refolded to active protein. Binding of K1 MAb and FAb was compared by radioactive binding and competition assays and by surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore). Recombinant K1(FAb) binds to cells expressing K1-antigen with a similar affinity as papain derived FAb from K1(IgG) and with a 4- to 10-fold reduced affinity compared with bivalent IgG. The cloned FAb can be used to make higher affinity antibodies and immunoconjugates that could be useful for various types of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Brinkmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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Kumar P, Nayak KC, Garhwal S, Chaudhary V. Alcohol consumption and hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:81-3. [PMID: 8335613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acute alcohol consumption was studied in healthy subjects (Group-I) and in nondrinking hypertensive (Group-II) and in regularly drinking hypertensive patients (Group-III). All subjects consumed alcohol (1gm/kg body weight daily) for 5 days, then abstained for 5 days. Blood pressure was recorded in standing and supine position every morning. Group-I showed no significant difference in blood pressures during and after alcohol consumption. Group-II showed a statistically significant increase in the supine and standing systolic/diastolic and mean blood pressure when consuming alcohol (P < 0.01) as compared to the period of abstinence. In Group-III, hypertensive patients who drank regularly showed significant decrease in systolic blood pressure in the period of abstinence during standing (p < 0.02) as well as in supine position (p < 0.001) and diastolic and mean blood pressure reduction in standing and supine position (p < 0.01) as compared to the period of drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Dept. of Medicine, SP Medical College, Bikaner
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Kumar P, Garhwal S, Chaudhary V. Rheumatic heart disease: a school survey in a rural area of Rajasthan. Indian Heart J 1992; 44:245-6. [PMID: 1289223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty four of 10168 school going children were found to have rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in a school survey conducted in the rural areas of Churu district in Rajasthan. The prevalence rate was 3.34/1000. A high prevalence of RHD was found in 11 to 15 year age group. Maximum prevalence of RHD was in low socioeconomic group. Out of these thirty four cases of RHD, isolated mitral stenosis was present in sixteen, isolated mitral regurgitation in four, combined mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation in ten patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Medical and Health Department, Rajasthan
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20829
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Qureshi AA, Qureshi N, Hasler-Rapacz JO, Weber FE, Chaudhary V, Crenshaw TD, Gapor A, Ong AS, Chong YH, Peterson D. Dietary tocotrienols reduce concentrations of plasma cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, thromboxane B2, and platelet factor 4 in pigs with inherited hyperlipidemias. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53:1042S-1046S. [PMID: 2012015 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/53.4.1042s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Normolipemic and genetically hypercholesterolemic pigs of defined lipoprotein genotype were fed a standard diet supplemented with 50 micrograms/g tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) isolated from palm oil. Hypercholesterolemic pigs fed the TRF supplement showed a 44% decrease in total serum cholesterol, a 60% decrease in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and significant decreases in levels of apolipoprotein B (26%), thromboxane-B2 (41%), and platelet factor 4 (PF4; 29%). The declines in thromboxane B2 and PF4 suggest that TRF has a marked protective effect on the endothelium and platelet aggregation. The effect of the lipid-lowering diet persisted only in the hypercholesterolemic swine after 8 wk feeding of the control diet. These results support observations from previous studies on lowering plasma cholesterol in animals by tocotrienols, which are naturally occurring compounds in grain and palm oils and may have some effect on lowering plasma cholesterol in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Qureshi
- Advanced Medical Research, Madison, WI 53719
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Bruggemann EP, Chaudhary V, Gottesman MM, Pastan I. Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion proteins are potent immunogens for raising antibodies against P-glycoprotein. Biotechniques 1991; 10:202-4, 206, 208-9. [PMID: 1676289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to specific regions of human P-glycoprotein have been difficult to obtain. We developed a method to express in E. coli fusions between Pseudomonas exotoxin and specific regions of human P-glycoprotein. We used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the desired regions of MDR1 cDNA and to introduce appropriate restriction sites. These fragments were cloned into the 3' end of the Pseudomonas exotoxin gene. With this system we produced large amounts of fusion proteins for immunizations, and we obtained positive rabbit antiserum against P-glycoprotein with most of these antigens. We now have a comprehensive panel of polyclonal antibodies against P-glycoprotein. This system should be generally useful to raise antibodies against other eukaryotic proteins that are difficult to prepare in large quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Bruggemann
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
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Kumar P, Chaudhary V. Epidemiological study of hypertension in a rural community of western Rajasthan. Indian Heart J 1991; 43:43-5. [PMID: 1894301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension was studied in a rural community of western Rajasthan comprising of 6840 subjects in the age range of 21-70 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 3.8 percent. It was 4.0 percent in males and 3.6 percent in females. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age in a linear fashion.
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Lorberboum-Galski H, FitzGerald D, Chaudhary V, Adhya S, Pastan I. Cytotoxic activity of an interleukin 2-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric protein produced in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:1922-6. [PMID: 3126499 PMCID: PMC279893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.6.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A cDNA clone for human interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been fused to the 5' end of a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) gene that lacks the sequences encoding the cell recognition domain. The chimeric protein IL-2-PE40 was produced in Escherichia coli. It was extremely toxic to IL-2 receptor-positive cells but had no measurable effect on cells lacking the IL-2 receptor. IL-2-PE40 might be a useful cytotoxic agent in the treatment of diseases involving IL-2 receptor-positive cells and in the treatment of allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lorberboum-Galski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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