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Jeng SL, Tu MJ, Lin CW, Lin JJ, Tseng HH, Jang FL, Lu MK, Chen PS, Huang CC, Chang WH, Tan HP, Lin SH. Machine learning for prediction of schizophrenia based on identifying the primary and interaction effects of minor physical anomalies. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:108-118. [PMID: 38373372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are considered neurodevelopmental markers of schizophrenia. To date, there has been no research to evaluate the interaction between MPAs. Our study built and used a machine learning model to predict the risk of schizophrenia based on measurements of MPA items and to investigate the potential primary and interaction effects of MPAs. The study included 470 patients with schizophrenia and 354 healthy controls. The models used are classical statistical model, Logistic Regression (LR), and machine leaning models, Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF). We also plotted two-dimensional scatter diagrams and three-dimensional linear/quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA/QDA) graphs for comparison with the DT dendritic structure. We found that RF had the highest predictive power for schizophrenia (Full-training AUC = 0.97 and 5-fold cross-validation AUC = 0.75). We identified several primary MPAs, such as the mouth region, high palate, furrowed tongue, skull height and mouth width. Quantitative MPA analysis indicated that the higher skull height and the narrower mouth width, the higher the risk of schizophrenia. In the interaction, we further identified that skull height and mouth width, furrowed tongue and skull height, high palate and skull height, and high palate and furrowed tongue, showed significant two-item interactions with schizophrenia. A weak three-item interaction was found between high palate, skull height, and mouth width. In conclusion, we found that the two machine learning methods showed good predictive ability in assessing the risk of schizophrenia using the primary and interaction effects of MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Lin Jeng
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Data Science, and Center for Innovative FinTech Business Models, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tu
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Jia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Lin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Lu
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tan
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Cao YL, Chen YY, Li YL, Li CI, Lin ST, Lee BR, Hsieh CL, Hsiao YY, Fan YF, Luo Q, Zhao JH, Yin Y, An W, Shi ZG, Chow CN, Chang WC, Huang CL, Chang WH, Liu ZJ, Wu WS, Tsai WC. Wolfberry genome database: integrated genomic datasets for studying molecular biology. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1310346. [PMID: 38444537 PMCID: PMC10912414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Wolfberry, also known as goji berry or Lycium barbarum, is a highly valued fruit with significant health benefits and nutritional value. For more efficient and comprehensive usage of published L. barbarum genomic data, we established the Wolfberry database. The utility of the Wolfberry Genome Database (WGDB) is highlighted through the Genome browser, which enables the user to explore the L. barbarum genome, browse specific chromosomes, and access gene sequences. Gene annotation features provide comprehensive information about gene functions, locations, expression profiles, pathway involvement, protein domains, and regulatory transcription factors. The transcriptome feature allows the user to explore gene expression patterns using transcripts per kilobase million (TPM) and fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads (FPKM) metrics. The Metabolism pathway page provides insights into metabolic pathways and the involvement of the selected genes. In addition to the database content, we also introduce six analysis tools developed for the WGDB. These tools offer functionalities for gene function prediction, nucleotide and amino acid BLAST analysis, protein domain analysis, GO annotation, and gene expression pattern analysis. The WGDB is freely accessible at https://cosbi7.ee.ncku.edu.tw/Wolfberry/. Overall, WGDB serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in the genomics and transcriptomics of L. barbarum. Its user-friendly web interface and comprehensive data facilitate the exploration of gene functions, regulatory mechanisms, and metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of wolfberry and its potential applications in agronomy and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Long Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - You-Yi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiaiyi, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Long Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chung-I Li
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ting Lin
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ru Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Fan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qing Luo
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chi-Nga Chow
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Huang
- Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Collage of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Lab of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization and International Orchid Research Center at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Graduate Program in Translational Agricultural Sciences, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hu CW, Chang YJ, Chang WH, Cooke MS, Chen YR, Chao MR. A Novel Adductomics Workflow Incorporating FeatureHunter Software: Rapid Detection of Nucleic Acid Modifications for Studying the Exposome. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:75-89. [PMID: 38153287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the physicochemical agents that interact with nucleic acids (NA) may lead to modification of DNA and RNA (i.e., NA modifications), which have been associated with various diseases, including cancer. The emerging field of NA adductomics aims to identify both known and unknown NA modifications, some of which may also be associated with proteins. One of the main challenges for adductomics is the processing of massive and complex data generated by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). To address this, we have developed a software called "FeatureHunter", which provides the automated extraction, annotation, and classification of different types of key NA modifications based on the MS and MS/MS spectra acquired by HR-MS/MS, using a user-defined feature list. The capability and effectiveness of FeatureHunter was demonstrated by analyzing various NA modifications induced by formaldehyde or chlorambucil in mixtures of calf thymus DNA, yeast RNA and proteins, and by analyzing the NA modifications present in the pooled urines of smokers and nonsmokers. The incorporation of FeatureHunter into the NA adductomics workflow offers a powerful tool for the identification and classification of various types of NA modifications induced by reactive chemicals in complex biological samples, providing a valuable resource for studying the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Cheng CM, Chang WH, Lin YT, Chen PS, Yang YK, Bai YM. Taiwan consensus on biological treatment of bipolar disorder during the acute, maintenance, and mixed phases: The 2022 update. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 82:103480. [PMID: 36724568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a mood dysregulation characterized by recurrent symptoms and episodes of mania, hypomania, depression, and mixed mood. The complexity of treating patients with bipolar disorder prompted the Taiwanese Society of Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology (TSBPN) to publish the first Taiwan consensus on pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorders in 2012. This paper presents the updated consensus, with changes in diagnostic criteria (i.e., mixed features) and emerging pharmacological evidence published up to April 2022. METHODS Our working group systemically reviewed the clinical research evidence and international guidelines and determined the levels of evidence for each pharmacological treatment on the basis of the most recent World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry grading system. Four clinical-specific issues were proposed. The current TSBPN Bipolar Taskforce then discussed research evidence and clinical experience related to each treatment option in terms of efficacy and acceptability and then appraised final recommendation grades through anonymous voting. RESULTS In the updated consensus, we include the pharmacological recommendations for bipolar disorder with mixed features considering its high prevalence, the severe clinical prognosis, and the absence of approved medications. Cariprazine, lurasidone, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and ketamine are incorporated as treatment options. In the maintenance phase, the application of long-acting injectable antipsychotics is emphasized, and the hazards of using antidepressants and conventional antipsychotics are proposed. CONCLUSIONS This updated Taiwan consensus on pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder provides concise evidence-based and empirical recommendations for clinical psychiatric practice. It may facilitate treatment outcome improvement in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang XY, Lin JJ, Lu MK, Jang FL, Tseng HH, Chen PS, Chen PF, Chang WH, Huang CC, Lu KM, Tan HP, Lin SH. Development and validation of a web-based prediction tool on minor physical anomalies for schizophrenia. Schizophr 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35210439 PMCID: PMC8873231 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn support of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) have been suggested as biomarkers and potential pathophysiological significance for schizophrenia. However, an integrated, clinically useful tool that used qualitative and quantitative MPAs to visualize and predict schizophrenia risk while characterizing the degree of importance of MPA items was lacking. We recruited a training set and a validation set, including 463 schizophrenia patients and 281 healthy controls to conduct logistic regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression to select the best parameters of MPAs and constructed nomograms. Two nomograms were built to show the weights of these predictors. In the logistic regression model, 11 out of a total of 68 parameters were identified as the best MPA items for distinguishing between patients with schizophrenia and controls, including hair whorls, epicanthus, adherent ear lobes, high palate, furrowed tongue, hyperconvex fingernails, a large gap between first and second toes, skull height, nasal width, mouth width, and palate width. The Lasso regression model included the same variables of the logistic regression model, except for nasal width, and further included two items (interpupillary distance and soft ears) to assess the risk of schizophrenia. The results of the validation dataset verified the efficacy of the nomograms with the area under the curve 0.84 and 0.85 in the logistic regression model and lasso regression model, respectively. This study provides an easy-to-use tool based on validated risk models of schizophrenia and reflects a divergence in development between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (https://www.szprediction.net/).
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Wu TC, Chang WH, Lu HY, Shih CC. Tolvaptan reduces angiotensin II-induced experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm and dissection. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 144:106973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between the use of antipsychotic drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors and the risk of falls and fractures in elderly patients with major neurocognitive disorders. DESIGN Self-controlled case series. SETTING Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database. PARTICIPANTS 15 278 adults, aged ≥65, with newly prescribed antipsychotic drugs and cholinesterase inhibitors, who had an incident fall or fracture between 2006 and 2017. Prescription records of cholinesterase inhibitors confirmed the diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorders; all use of cholinesterase inhibitors was reviewed by experts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Conditional Poisson regression was used to derive incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for evaluating the risk of falls and fractures for different treatment periods: use of cholinesterase inhibitors alone, antipsychotic drugs alone, and a combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs, compared with the non-treatment period in the same individual. A 14 day pretreatment period was defined before starting the study drugs because of concerns about confounding by indication. RESULTS The incidence of falls and fractures per 100 person years was 8.30 (95% confidence interval 8.14 to 8.46) for the non-treatment period, 52.35 (48.46 to 56.47) for the pretreatment period, and 10.55 (9.98 to 11.14), 10.34 (9.80 to 10.89), and 9.41 (8.98 to 9.86) for use of a combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs, antipsychotic drugs alone, and cholinesterase inhibitors alone, respectively. Compared with the non-treatment period, the highest risk of falls and fractures was during the pretreatment period (adjusted incidence rate ratio 6.17, 95% confidence interval 5.69 to 6.69), followed by treatment with the combination of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs (1.35, 1.26 to 1.45), antipsychotic drugs alone (1.33, 1.24 to 1.43), and cholinesterase inhibitors alone (1.17, 1.10 to 1.24). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of falls and fractures was high in the pretreatment period, suggesting that factors other than the study drugs, such as underlying diseases, should be taken into consideration when evaluating the association between the risk of falls and fractures and use of cholinesterase inhibitors and antipsychotic drugs. The treatment periods were also associated with a higher risk of falls and fractures compared with the non-treatment period, although the magnitude was much lower than during the pretreatment period. Strategies for prevention and close monitoring of the risk of falls are still necessary until patients regain a more stable physical and mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hsin-Min Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K C Man
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Yang MT, Chang WH, Kuo TF, Shen MY, Yang CW, Tien YJ, Lai BY, Chen YR, Chang YC, Yang WC. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Pre-diabetic Diagnosis Using a Combinational Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:641336. [PMID: 33995275 PMCID: PMC8113970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.641336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable protein markers for pre-diabetes in humans are not clinically available. In order to identify novel and reliable protein markers for pre-diabetes in humans, healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes and stroke were recruited for blood collection. Blood samples were collected from healthy and pre-diabetic subjects 12 h after fasting. BMI was calculated from body weight and height. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin and albumin were assayed by automated clinical laboratory methods. We used a quantitative proteomics approach to identify 1074 proteins from the sera of pre-diabetic and healthy subjects. Among them, 500 proteins were then selected using Mascot analysis scores. Further, 70 out of 500 proteins were selected via volcano plot analysis according to their statistical significance and average relative protein ratio. Eventually, 7 serum proteins were singled out as candidate markers for pre-diabetes due to their diabetic relevance and statistical significance. Immunoblotting data demonstrated that laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2), mixed-lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), and plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) were expressed in pre-diabetic patients but not healthy volunteers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the combination of the three proteins has greater diagnostic efficacy than any individual protein. Thus, LAMA2, MLL4 and PLXDC2 are novel and reliable serum protein markers for pre-diabetic diagnosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wen Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Bun-Yueh Lai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fan KT, Hsu Y, Yeh CF, Chang CH, Chang WH, Chen YR. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Regulation of the Tomato Proteome in Response to Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084174. [PMID: 33920680 PMCID: PMC8073981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Late blight (LB) disease is a major threat to potato and tomato production. It is caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. P. infestans can destroy all of the major organs in plants of susceptible crops and result in a total loss of productivity. At the early pathogenesis stage, this hemibiotrophic oomycete pathogen causes an asymptomatic biotrophic infection in hosts, which then progresses to a necrotrophic phase at the later infection stage. In this study, to examine how the tomato proteome is regulated by P. infestans at different stages of pathogenesis, a data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics approach was used to trace the dynamics of the protein regulation. A comprehensive picture of the regulation of tomato proteins functioning in the immunity, signaling, defense, and metabolism pathways at different stages of P. infestans infection is revealed. Among the regulated proteins, several involved in mediating plant defense responses were found to be differentially regulated at the transcriptional or translational levels across different pathogenesis phases. This study increases understanding of the pathogenesis of P. infestans in tomato and also identifies key transcriptional and translational events possibly targeted by the pathogen during different phases of its life cycle, thus providing novel insights for developing a new strategy towards better control of LB disease in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Fan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Yang Hsu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ching-Fang Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Chi-Hsin Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (K.-T.F.); (Y.H.); (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.)
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-02-2787-2050
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Chen YJ, Roumeliotis TI, Chang YH, Chen CT, Han CL, Lin MH, Chen HW, Chang GC, Chang YL, Wu CT, Lin MW, Hsieh MS, Wang YT, Chen YR, Jonassen I, Ghavidel FZ, Lin ZS, Lin KT, Chen CW, Sheu PY, Hung CT, Huang KC, Yang HC, Lin PY, Yen TC, Lin YW, Wang JH, Raghav L, Lin CY, Chen YS, Wu PS, Lai CT, Weng SH, Su KY, Chang WH, Tsai PY, Robles AI, Rodriguez H, Hsiao YJ, Chang WH, Sung TY, Chen JS, Yu SL, Choudhary JS, Chen HY, Yang PC, Chen YJ. Proteogenomics of Non-smoking Lung Cancer in East Asia Delineates Molecular Signatures of Pathogenesis and Progression. Cell 2021; 182:226-244.e17. [PMID: 32649875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer in East Asia is characterized by a high percentage of never-smokers, early onset and predominant EGFR mutations. To illuminate the molecular phenotype of this demographically distinct disease, we performed a deep comprehensive proteogenomic study on a prospectively collected cohort in Taiwan, representing early stage, predominantly female, non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma. Integrated genomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis delineated the demographically distinct molecular attributes and hallmarks of tumor progression. Mutational signature analysis revealed age- and gender-related mutagenesis mechanisms, characterized by high prevalence of APOBEC mutational signature in younger females and over-representation of environmental carcinogen-like mutational signatures in older females. A proteomics-informed classification distinguished the clinical characteristics of early stage patients with EGFR mutations. Furthermore, integrated protein network analysis revealed the cellular remodeling underpinning clinical trajectories and nominated candidate biomarkers for patient stratification and therapeutic intervention. This multi-omic molecular architecture may help develop strategies for management of early stage never-smoker lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Theodoros I Roumeliotis
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tai Chen
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tu Wu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Wei Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Wang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Center for High-performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit (CBU), Informatics Department, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ze-Shiang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Tyng Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Sheu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ting Hung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hao-Chin Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chi Yen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lovely Raghav
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Si Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ting Lai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yan Tsai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Jing Hsiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Sung
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jyoti S Choudhary
- Functional Proteomics Group, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Lee J, Kim H, Kim J, Lee HJ, Chang WH, Kim YH. Differential early predictive factors for upper and lower extremity motor recovery after ischaemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:132-140. [PMID: 32881176 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Various clinical and neuroimaging predictive factors have been identified for the recovery of upper extremity (UE) motor function after stroke. However, few studies have addressed factors related to the recovery of lower extremity (LE) motor function after stroke or performed direct comparisons of UE and LE motor recovery in the same set of patients. In this study, predictive factors for UE and LE motor recovery after stroke were investigated using clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. METHODS Forty-two subacute ischaemic stroke patients underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition and cognitive/behavioral assessments using the Fugl-Meyer assessment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 2 weeks after stroke onset. Neuroimaging factors, including corticospinal tract (CST) fractional anisotropy, lesion volume, CST lesion load and interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity, were extracted. The outcome of motor function was assessed by Fugl-Meyer assessment scores 3 months after onset. RESULTS Early clinical and neuroimaging factors for predicting motor recovery were noticeably different for UE and LE. UE motor function recovery was related to age, NIHSS, MMSE, CST lesion load, lesion volume, ipsilesional CST integrity and interhemispheric homotopic functional connectivity. In contrast, LE motor recovery was related to ipsilesional and contralesional CST integrity and MMSE. Specifically, LE recovery showed a strong relationship to the preservation of cognitive function compared with motor impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that different mechanisms underlie UE and LE motor recovery after stroke. LE motor recovery seems to be more intensively modulated by cognitive functions than UE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-H Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management and Research, Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chang WH, Lo SM, Chen TL, Chen JC, Wu HN. Utilizing online stochastic optimization on scheduling of intensity-modulate radiotherapy therapy (IMRT). J Biomed Inform 2020; 108:103499. [PMID: 32653620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan, cancer has been one of the major causes of death in Taiwan since 1982. The Intensive-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is one of the most important radiotherapies of cancers, especially for Nasopharyngeal cancers, Digestive system cancers and Cervical cancers. For patients, if they can receive the treatment at the earliest possibility while diagnosed with cancers, their survival rate increases. However, the discussion of effective patient scheduling models of IMRT to reduce patients' waiting time is still limited in literature. This study proposed a mathematical model to improve the efficiency of patient scheduling. The research was composed of two stages. In the first stage, the online stochastic algorithm was proposed to improve the performance of present scheduling system. In the second stage the impact of future treatment to reduce patients' waiting time was considered. A genetic algorithm (GA) was then proposed to solve the online stochastic scheduling problem. This research collected data from a practical medical institute and the proposed model was validated with real data. It contributes to both theory and practice by proposing a practical model to assist the medical institute in implementing patient scheduling in a more efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sonia M Lo
- Department of Business Administration, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Li Chen
- Department of Information Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan
| | - James C Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ning Wu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan
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13
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Chen YL, Chang WH, Lee CY, Chen YR. An improved scoring method for the identification of endogenous peptides based on the Mascot MS/MS ion search. Analyst 2019; 144:3045-3055. [PMID: 30912770 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To identify endogenous peptides using MS/MS analysis and searching against a polypeptide sequence database, a non-enzyme specific (NES) search considering all of the possible proteolytic cleavages is required. However, the use of a NES search generates more false positive hits than an enzyme specific search, and therefore shows lower identification performance. In this study, the use of the sub-ranked matches for improving the identification performance of the Mascot NES search was investigated and a new scoring method was developed that considered the contribution of all sub-ranked random match probabilities, named the contribution score (CS). The CS showed the highest identification sensitivity using the Mascot NES search with a full protein database when compared to the use of the Mascot first ranked score and the delta score (DS). The confident peptides identified by DS and CS were shown to be complementary. When applied to plant endogenous peptide identification, the identification numbers of tomato endogenous peptides using DS and CS were 176.3% and 184.2%, respectively, higher than the use of the first ranked score of Mascot. The combination of DS and CS identified 200.0% and 8.6% more tomato endogenous peptides compared to the use of Mascot and DS, respectively. This method by combining the CS and DS can significantly improve the identification performance of endogenous peptides without complex computational steps and is also able to improve the identification performance of the enzyme specific search. In addition to the application in the plant peptidomics analysis, this method may be applied to the improvement of peptidomics studies in different species. A web interface for calculating the DS and CS based on Mascot search results was developed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529.
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14
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Guo W, Li Y, Zhou N, Wu GH, Chang WH, Huan XP, Hui S, Tong X, Guo Y, Yu MH, Lu RR, Ouyang L, Dong LF, Li H, Li JJ, Liu XY, Liu YL, Luo C, Wei XL, Huang XD, Cui Y. [Risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men in a cohort study]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2018; 39:16-20. [PMID: 29374888 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection. Results: A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015. Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms. HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years, with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95% CI: 1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group. Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.17), unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.62-3.08), and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95, 95%CI: 2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections. After controlling other factors, the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant. Conclusion: Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive, suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206
| | - Y Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150036
| | - N Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Tianjin, Tianjin 300011
| | - G H Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Chongqing, Chong qing 400042
| | - W H Chang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shaanxi Province. Xi'an 710054
| | - X P Huan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009
| | - S Hui
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150036
| | - X Tong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150036
| | - Y Guo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Tianjin, Tianjin 300011
| | - M H Yu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Tianjin, Tianjin 300011
| | - R R Lu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Chongqing, Chong qing 400042
| | - L Ouyang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Chongqing, Chong qing 400042
| | - L F Dong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shaanxi Province. Xi'an 710054
| | - H Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shaanxi Province. Xi'an 710054
| | - J J Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009
| | - X Y Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009
| | - Y L Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention at Harbin City, Harbin 150056
| | - C Luo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention at Harbin City, Harbin 150056
| | - X L Wei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention at Xi'an City, Xi'an 710054
| | - X D Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention at Xi'an City, Xi'an 710054
| | - Y Cui
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- ZM Chen
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | | | | | - S Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | - HY Cai
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
| | - GH Liu
- Ministry of Agricultural, China
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16
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Long Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tien Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Ma JS, Chang WH, Liu GH, Zhang S, Zheng AJ, Li Y, Xie Q, Liu ZY, Cai HY. Effects of flavones of sea buckthorn fruits on growth performance, carcass quality, fat deposition and lipometabolism for broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2641-9. [PMID: 26362975 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of flavones of sea buckthorn fruits (FSBF) on growth performance, carcass quality, fat deposition, and lipometabolism for broilers. 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (0, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% FSBF) with 6 replicates of 10 birds. Broilers were reared for 42 d. Results showed FSBF quadratically improved average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and final body weight (BW) (P = 0.002, P = 0.019 and P = 0.018, respectively). The abdominal fat percentage in 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% FSBF supplementation groups was decreased by 21.08%, 19.12%, and 19.61% with respect to the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the breast muscle of the broilers was increased by 7.21%, 23.42% and 6.30% in 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% FSBF groups, and that in the thigh meat was raised by 4.43%, 24.63% and 12.32%, compared with the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). FSBF had a quadratic effect on the abdominal fat percentage and IMF in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). Dietary FSBF also modified fatty acids of muscular tissues, resulting in a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). Supplementing FSBF in the diet greatly decreased the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). Moreover, the quadratic responses were also observed in the levels of insulin and adiponectin in serum (P = 0.020 and P = 0.037, respectively). Abdominal fat percentage was correlated negatively with insulin and positively with adiponectin (P < 0.05). IMF content in the breast and thigh muscles were correlated positively with insulin, and negatively with adiponectin (P < 0.05). A positive correlation existed between breast muscle, IMF, and leptin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding FSBF into the diets affected growth performance and fat deposition of broilers by regulating lipometabolism. Fat deposition and distribution of broilers were closely associated with concentrations of insulin and adiponectin. The optimal level of FSBF supplemented in diet was 0.05 to 0.10% in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ma
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - W H Chang
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G H Liu
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A J Zheng
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Li
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Xie
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Y Liu
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Cai
- The key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Kim EJ, Park CH, Chang WH, Lee A, Kim ST, Shin YI, Kim YH. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and degeneration of the corticospinal tract after stroke: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Eur J Neurol 2015; 23:76-84. [PMID: 26228236 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A common single nucleotide polymorphism, Val66Met, in the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has a potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of stroke. The relevance of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism to long-term stroke outcomes was examined, specifically with respect to changes in corticospinal integrity. METHODS Thirty-five stroke patients with unilateral motor weakness were genotyped within 2 weeks after onset (T1), and changes in the integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) as well as alterations in motor function at 1 month (T2) and 3 months after onset (T3) were tracked. RESULTS On the basis of the Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity score, carriers of the Met allele (Val/Met and Met/Met) showed poorer motor outcomes at T2 and T3 compared to carriers of only the Val allele (Val/Val). For both BDNF allele types, patients exhibited characteristic degeneration of the CST compared to healthy controls. There were no differences between the two genotypes with respect to time-dependent changes in diffusion-tensor-imaging-derived parameters of the CST. However, the two groups showed different relationships between motor outcomes and directional diffusivities according to the elapsed time after onset. Poorer motor function was associated with lower axial diffusivity values for the Val/Val genotype group in the sub-acute phase (T1 and T2) but with higher radial diffusivity values for the Val/Met and Met/Met genotype group in the early chronic phase (T3). CONCLUSIONS Motor recovery in stroke patients may be affected by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, possibly through its effects on distinct pathological processes underlying corticospinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-J Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Korea
| | - C-H Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W H Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S T Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-I Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Y-H Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Kuo MH, Lai WT, Hsu TM, Chen YC, Chang CW, Chang WH, Li PW. Designer germanium quantum dot phototransistor for near infrared optical detection and amplification. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:055203. [PMID: 25590411 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/5/055203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a unique CMOS approach for the production of a high-performance germanium (Ge) quantum dot (QD) metal-oxide-semiconductor phototransistor. In the darkness, low off-state leakage (Ioff ∼ 0.27 pA μm(-2)), a high on-off current ratio (Ion/Ioff ∼ 10(6)), and good switching behaviors (subthreshold swing of 175 mV/dec) were measured on our Ge-QD phototransistor at 300 K, indicating good hetero-interfacial quality of the Ge-on-Si. Illumination makes a significant enhancement in the drain current of Ge QD phototransistors when biased at both the on- and off-states, which is a great benefit from Ge QD-mediated photoconductive and photovoltaic effects. The measured photocurrent-to-dark-current ratio (Iphoto/Idark) and the photoresponsivities from the Ge QD phototransistor are as high as 4.1 × 10(6) and 1.7 A W(-1), respectively, under an incident power of 0.9 mW at 850 nm illumination. A superior external quantum efficiency of 240% and a very fast temporal response time of 1.4 ns suggest that our Ge QD MOS phototransistor offers great promise as optical switches and transducers for Si-based optical interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kuo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Nano Science and Technology, National Central University, ChungLi, Taiwan, 32001, People's Republic of China
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21
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Abstract
To explore regulation of inosinic acid content in chicken meat as a result of feed additives, 576 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 8 dietary treatments including control, purine nucleotide (P), betaine (B), soybean isoflavone (S), purine nucleotide + betaine (PB), purine nucleotide + soybean isoflavone (PS), betaine +soybean isoflavone (BS), and purine nucleotide + betaine + soybean isoflavone (PBS) by a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. At d 42 of age, broilers were slaughtered, and growth performance, carcass characteristics, inosinic acid content, and activities of enzyme closely related to inosinic acid metabolism of broilers were measured. The results revealed that these feed additives did not affect ADG and ADFI of the broilers (P > 0.05). However, supplementing purine nucleotides lowered feed/gain of broilers in PS and PBS groups (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction on feed/gain of broilers between purine nucleotides and soybean isoflavone (P < 0.05). The abdominal fat percentages in groups B, S, BS, and PBS were lower than the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The thigh muscle percentages of groups P and B were higher than that of group PB (P < 0.05). There were certain interactions on the percentage of thigh muscle (P = 0.05) and abdominal fat (P < 0.05) between P, B, and S groups. Compared with the control group, inosinic acid content in broiler breast meat was improved by using feed additives (P < 0.05). Supplementing purine nucleotides, betaine, soybean isoflavone, and their combinations increased alkaline phosphatase activity in breast meat of broilers (P < 0.05). Purine nucleotides improved the activity of adenosine deaminase, but decreased the activity of 5'-nucleotidase. Soybean isoflavone lowered the activity of alkaline phosphatase. There were no significant interactions on activities of creatine kinase, adenosine deaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase between these additives (P > 0.05). The umami rating of broiler breast meat increased in conjunction with supplementing these additives. In conclusion, supplementing standard feed with the additives investigated in this study could improve inosinic acid content in chicken meat by increasing synthase activity or inhibiting degradation enzyme activity without inferior growth performance and carcass quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - G H Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H Y Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - W H Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J S Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - A J Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - S Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Chen YL, Lee CY, Cheng KT, Chang WH, Huang RN, Nam HG, Chen YR. Quantitative peptidomics study reveals that a wound-induced peptide from PR-1 regulates immune signaling in tomato. Plant Cell 2014; 26:4135-48. [PMID: 25361956 PMCID: PMC4247587 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.131185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many important cell-to-cell communication events in multicellular organisms are mediated by peptides, but only a few peptides have been identified in plants. In an attempt to address the difficulties in identifying plant signaling peptides, we developed a novel peptidomics approach and used this approach to discover defense signaling peptides in plants. In addition to the canonical peptide systemin, several novel peptides were confidently identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and quantified to be induced by both wounding and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). A wounding or wounding plus MeJA-induced peptide derived from the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) family was found to induce significant antipathogen and minor antiherbivore responses in tomato. This study highlights a role for PR-1 in immune signaling and suggests the potential application of plant endogenous peptides in efforts to defeat biological threats in crop production. As PR-1 is highly conserved across many organisms and the putative peptide from At-PR1 was also found to be bioactive in Arabidopsis thaliana, our results suggest that this peptide may be useful for enhancing resistance to stress in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lan Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Lee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Tan Cheng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology and Research Center for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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23
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Chen KC, Lee IH, Yang YK, Landau S, Chang WH, Chen PS, Lu RB, David AS, Bramon E. P300 waveform and dopamine transporter availability: a controlled EEG and SPECT study in medication-naive patients with schizophrenia and a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2151-2162. [PMID: 24238542 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced P300 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and latency prolongation have been reported in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. However, the influence of antipsychotics (and dopamine) on ERP measures are poorly understood and medication confounding remains a possibility. METHOD We explored ERP differences between 36 drug-naive patients with schizophrenia and 138 healthy controls and examined whether P300 performance was related to dopamine transporter (DAT) availability, both without the confounding effects of medication. We also conducted a random effects meta-analysis of the available literature, synthesizing the results of three comparable published articles and our local study. RESULTS No overall significant difference was found in mean P300 ERP between patients and controls in latency or in amplitude. There was a significant gender effect, with females showing greater P300 amplitude than males. A difference between patients and controls in P300 latency was evident with ageing, with latency increasing faster in patients. No effect of DAT availability on P300 latency or amplitude was detected. The meta-analysis computed the latency pooled standardized effect size (PSES; Cohen's d) of -0.13 and the amplitude PSES (Cohen's d) of 0.48, with patients showing a significant reduction in amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the P300 ERP is not altered in the early stages of schizophrenia before medication is introduced, and the DAT availability does not influence the P300 ERP amplitude or latency. P300 ERP amplitude reduction could be an indicator of the progression of illness and chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chen
- Department of Psychiatry,National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan
| | - I H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry,National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan
| | - Y K Yang
- Department of Psychiatry,National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan
| | - S Landau
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - W H Chang
- Department of Psychiatry,National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan
| | - P S Chen
- Department of Psychiatry,National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan
| | - R B Lu
- Department of Psychiatry,National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,Tainan,Taiwan
| | - A S David
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
| | - E Bramon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,UK
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24
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Chang WH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Chen PS, Lu RB, Yeh TL, Wang CSM, Lee IH. Association between auditory P300, psychopathology, and memory function in drug-naïve schizophrenia. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:133-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Lin TN, Huang LT, Shu GW, Yuan CT, Shen JL, Lin CAJ, Chang WH, Chiu CH, Lin DW, Lin CC, Kuo HC. Distance dependence of energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to graphene oxide. Opt Lett 2013; 38:2897-2899. [PMID: 23903173 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the distance-dependent energy transfer from an InGaN quantum well to graphene oxide (GO) by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). A pronounced shortening of the PL decay time in the InGaN quantum well was observed when interacting with GO. The nature of the energy-transfer process has been analyzed, and we find the energy-transfer efficiency depends on the 1/d² separation distance, which is dominated by the layer-to-layer dipole coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Lin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
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26
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Pham MH, Berthouly-Salazar C, Tran XH, Chang WH, Crooijmans RPMA, Lin DY, Hoang VT, Lee YP, Tixier-Boichard M, Chen CF. Genetic diversity of Vietnamese domestic chicken populations as decision-making support for conservation strategies. Anim Genet 2013; 44:509-21. [PMID: 23714019 DOI: 10.1111/age.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the genetic diversity of 17 populations of Vietnamese local chickens (VNN) and one Red Jungle Fowl population, together with six chicken populations of Chinese origin (CNO), and to provide priorities supporting the conservation of genetic resources using 20 microsatellites. Consequently, the VNN populations exhibited a higher diversity than did CNO populations in terms of number of alleles but showed a slightly lower observed heterozygosity. The VNN populations showed in total seven private alleles, whereas no CNO private alleles were found. The expected heterozygosity of 0.576 in the VNN populations was higher than the observed heterozygosity of 0.490, leading to heterozygote deficiency within populations. This issue could be partly explained by the Wahlund effect due to fragmentation of several populations between chicken flocks. Molecular analysis of variance showed that most of genetic variation was found within VNN populations. The Bayesian clustering analysis showed that VNN and CNO chickens were separated into two distinct groups with little evidence for gene flow between them. Among the 24 populations, 13 were successfully assigned to their own cluster, whereas the structuring was not clear for the remaining 11 chicken populations. The contributions of 24 populations to the total genetic diversity were mostly consistent across two approaches, taking into account the within- and between-populations genetic diversity and allelic richness. The black H'mong, Lien Minh, Luong Phuong and Red Jungle Fowl were ranked with the highest priorities for conservation according to Caballero and Toro's and Petit's approaches. In conclusion, a national strategy needs to be set up for Vietnamese chicken populations, with three main components: conservation of high-priority breeds, within-breed management with animal exchanges between flocks to avoid Wahlund effect and monitoring of inbreeding rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Pham
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Chen CH, Wang PH, Chiu LH, Chang WH. Comparing thermal welding instrument-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy versus conventional radical hysterectomy in the management of FIGO IB1 squamous cell cervical carcinoma. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:442-445. [PMID: 24475579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION The authors sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using the thermal welding technique with thermal ligating shear (TWT-TLS)-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and systemic pelvic lymphadenectomy (SPL) in the management of Stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors compared operating time, blood loss, and other intra- and postoperative parameters and outcomes in 53 patients between May 2003 and April 2007. RESULTS Twenty-three patients were treated with TWT-TLS-assisted LRH and SPL (TWT-TLS group) and 30 patients with abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) and SPL (ARH group). The surgical time of the TWT-TLS group was significantly shorter than that of the ARH group (221.4 vs 264.6 min, p < 0.05). The blood loss of the TWT-TLS group was less than that of the ARH group (195.7 vs 1,214.7 ml, p < 0.001). The immediate postoperative recovery seemed to be rapid in the TWT-TLS group compared with the ARH group (1.4 vs 3.5 days for full diet, p < 0.001; 8.32 vs 12.14 days for hospital stay, p < 0.001). The recurrence rate between the two groups was similar during the median four-year follow-up (8.7% vs 13.3%). CONCLUSIONS TWT-TLS is a safe and efficient method for laparoscopic RH and SPL with reduction of morbidity for early-stage cervical cancer. A further study is needed to confirm the above observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P H Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L H Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W H Chang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Chang WH, Lee CY, Lin CY, Chen WY, Chen MC, Tzou WS, Chen YR. UniQua: a universal signal processor for MS-based qualitative and quantitative proteomics applications. Anal Chem 2012; 85:890-7. [PMID: 23237057 DOI: 10.1021/ac302281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) technology have ushered proteomics into a new era. However, the importance of using a common, open data platform for signal processing of HR-MS spectra has not been sufficiently addressed. In this study, a MS signal processor was developed to facilitate data integration from different instruments and different proteomics approaches into a unified platform without compromising protein identification and quantitation performance. This processor supports parallel processing capability which allows full utilization of computing resources to speed up signal processing performance to >1 gigabytes/min. The storage space occupied by the processed MS data can be reduced to ~10%, which helps the analysis and management of large quantities of data from comprehensive proteomics studies. For quantitation at the MS level, processing accuracy is improved and processing time for ASAPRatio is reduced to ~50%. For quantitation at the MS/MS level, accurate reporter ion ratios from different instruments can be directly determined by the processed MS/MS spectra and reported in the Mascot search result directly without using specialized iTRAQ software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
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29
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Abstract
The capacitated multipoint network design problem (CMNDP) is NP-complete. In this paper, a hybrid genetic algorithm for CMNDP is proposed. The multiobjective hybrid genetic algorithm (MOHGA) differs from other genetic algorithms (GAs) mainly in its selection procedure. The concept of subpopulation is used in MOHGA. Four subpopulations are generated according to the elitism reservation strategy, the shifting Prufer vector, the stochastic universal sampling, and the complete random method, respectively. Mixing these four subpopulations produces the next generation population. The MOHGA can effectively search the feasible solution space due to population diversity. The MOHGA has been applied to CMNDP. By examining computational and analytical results, we notice that the MOHGA can find most nondominated solutions and is much more effective and efficient than other multiobjective GAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Lo
- Inst. of Inf. Manage., Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu
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30
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Chang CW, Chang CW, Wang HY, Chen MJ, Lin SC, Chang WH, Lee JJ. Intermittent small-bowel obstruction due to a mobile bezoar diagnosed with single-balloon enteroscopy. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E297. [PMID: 21915835 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C W Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Shu GW, Lin CC, Lin HT, Lin TN, Shen JL, Chiu CH, Li ZY, Kuo HC, Lin CC, Wang SC, Lin CAJ, Chang WH. Energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to Au nanoclusters via optical waveguiding. Opt Express 2011; 19 Suppl 2:A194-A200. [PMID: 21445220 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.00a194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the first observation of resonance energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to Au nanoclusters via optical waveguiding. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provide conclusive evidence of resonance energy transfer and obtain an optimum transfer efficiency of ~72%. A set of rate equations is successfully used to model the kinetics of resonance energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Shu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023 Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity is an emerging health issue in Korea. We investigated the prevalence of obesity and its trend over time in ambulatory Korean children with CP. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,397 children with CP between 1995 and 2008. The data were grouped into 4 time periods (1995-1997, 1998-2002, 2003-2004 and 2005-2008). The prevalence of obesity over each period and its relationship to gender, birth weight, age, and gross motor function classification system were investigated. RESULTS The percentage of obese children was 5.8%, overweight children 11.2%, and underweight children 10.4%. The prevalence of obesity significantly increased from the first time period to the third time period. The prevalence of obesity found in our study was significantly lower than the report from the U.S.A. during same time period between 1994 and 2004 (p<0.05). The prevalence of obesity significantly decreased with age as well. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of obesity in our subjects significantly increased and has reached a plateau in recent years. Compared to the prevalence of childhood obesity in ambulatory individuals with CP in the U.S.A. study, the prevalence in our study was significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Park
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Kim DY, Ku J, Chang WH, Park TH, Lim JY, Han K, Kim IY, Kim SI. Assessment of post-stroke extrapersonal neglect using a three-dimensional immersive virtual street crossing program. Acta Neurol Scand 2010; 121:171-7. [PMID: 19839943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential of our newly developed three-dimensional immersive virtual reality (VR) program modeled on a real street crossing as an assessment tool for extrapersonal neglect in stroke patients. METHODS Thirty-two patients with right-hemispheric stroke (neglect group, 16; non-neglect group, 16) were enrolled. The deviation angle, reaction time, left-to-right reaction time ratio, visual and auditory cue rates, and failure rate were evaluated during missions to keep a virtual avatar safe from a traffic accident in the VR program. The line bisection test and letter cancellation test were also evaluated. RESULTS The deviation angle, left-to-right reaction time ratio, left visual and auditory cue rates and left failure rate in the VR program showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). Depending on the direction of approach of the virtual car, the left parameters were significantly higher than the right parameters in the neglect group (P < 0.05). In the neglect group, the line bisection test correlated significantly with the deviation angle (P < 0.05). None of the other virtual reality parameters significantly correlated with the paper and pencil tests. CONCLUSION Post-stroke neglect in the extrapersonal space can be easily and safely detected and measured using our three-dimensional immersive virtual street crossing program.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YH, Chang WH, Bang OY, Kim ST, Park YH, Lee PKW. Long-term effects of rTMS on motor recovery in patients after subacute stroke. J Rehabil Med 2010; 42:758-64. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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Rha DW, Park ES, Kim J, Kim SH, Chang WH. Detection of focal cerebral injury using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in a boy with becker muscular dystrophy. Neuropediatrics 2009; 40:298-300. [PMID: 20446227 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a boy affected by both cerebral palsy and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). He had infrequently used his right hand since birth. But brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) taken at the age of 15 months showed no specific finding. Approximately 1 month later, muscle enzymes of his older brother were incidentally found to be elevated. The patient and his brother were diagnosed with progressive muscular dystrophy by gene analysis. At the age of 6 years, he underwent orthopedic surgery due to a right equinovarus deformity and BMD was confirmed by concomitant muscle biopsy. During the post-operative rehabilitation, clumsiness of the right hand was also observed. A follow-up brain MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was taken. Although no responsible lesion was found on conventional MRI, DTI and fiber tractography revealed a decrease in the quantity of fibers in the left corticospinal tract. He was additionally diagnosed as having cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-W Rha
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park ES, Rha DW, Lee JD, Yoo JK, Chang WH. The short-term effects of combined modified constraint-induced movement therapy and botulinum toxin injection for children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Neuropediatrics 2009; 40:269-74. [PMID: 20446220 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) following a botulinum type A toxin (BoNT-A) injection enhances the effects of the BoNT-A injection into the spastic upper limb of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS A combined therapy with mCIMT and BoNT-A was given to 17 children in group A. Fifteen children in group B received only the BoNT-A injection. The muscle tone, the movement pattern, and the How Often and the How Well scales in the revised Pediatric Motor Activity Log (revised PMAL) were assessed before and 3 weeks after intervention. RESULTS Three participants in group A dropped out due to poor tolerance of mCIMT. There were significant improvements in the muscle tone and the movement patterns for both groups (p<0.05), and the changes were not significantly different between the two groups. The How Often and the How Well scales in the revised PMAL were significantly improved in group A (p<0.05), but not in group B. CONCLUSION A combined therapy of mCIMT and BoNT-A seems to be helpful to enhance the effects of the BoNT-A injection in the functional use of the affected limb in children with hemiplegic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Park
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Both ensemble and single-molecule measurements were performed to explore the fluorescence properties of Au nanoclusters (NCs). Photoinduced fluorescence enhancement was observed for ensemble NCs in solution, but photobleaching was found at ambient environments. At the single-molecule level, fluorescence blinking and single-step photobleaching were observed. Furthermore, their time-resolved fluorescence shows a single exponential decay with a lifetime of approximately 7 ns and is insensitive to changes in fluorescence intensity. The lifetime distribution is more homogeneous within ensemble Au NCs as compared to CdSe QDs. Therefore, Au NCs have potential applications as nontoxic fluorescent labels for lifetime-based imaging microscopy. However, their low quantum yields and poor photostability are disadvantageous factors, which require further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Yuan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fu SF, Wang SM, Lee L, Chen CY, Tsai WC, Chou WC, Lee MC, Chang WH, Chen WK. The structural and optical properties of InN nanodots grown with various V/III ratios by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:295702. [PMID: 19567947 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/29/295702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled InN nanodots have been prepared at 650 degrees C with various V/III ratios from 500 to 30 000 by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). It is found that the dot density and morphological size as well as the optical properties all display drastic changes at V/III = 12 000. Generally, denser and smaller InN nanodots with higher emission energy and narrower linewidth were obtained when growth was conducted at V/III ratios slightly lower than 12 000 as compared to those at higher V/III ratios. The physical properties of our MOCVD-grown InN nanodots are sensitive to the surface structure and the morphology is very similar to molecular beam epitaxially grown GaN and InN films, which may be used as a guide to optimize the InN growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Fu
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Park CH, Chang WH, Yoo JS, Koo G, Kim ST, Kim YH. Alterations in the Default-Mode Network of Cognitively Normal Stroke Patients. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chang WH, Park CH, Yoo JS, Kim ST, Yoo WK, Kim YH. Longitudinal Changes of the Default Mode Network and Cognitive Function of Stroke Patients. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Park CH, Kim SY, Chang WH, Kim ST, Kim YH. Differential Structural Properties of Brain Functional Networks at Rest and during Task. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Park CH, Park YH, Joen B, Koo G, Chang WH, Kim GM, Kim ST, Yoo WK, Kim YH. Longitudinal Changes of the Resting-State Motor Network in Stroke Recovery. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wang HH, Lee CH, Lin YC, Chen CH, Hsieh CL, Tsai CH, Shen JL, Chan WH, Chang WH, Yeh HI. Abstract: P255 BIOLOGICAL EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF A NOVEL FLUORESCENT GOLD NANOCLUSTER IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)70550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yang MD, Liu YK, Shen JL, Wu CH, Lin CA, Chang WH, Wang HH, Yeh HI, Chan WH, Parak WJ. Improvement of conversion efficiency for multi-junction solar cells by incorporation of Au nanoclusters. Opt Express 2008; 16:15754-15758. [PMID: 18825214 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.015754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We studied the photoluminescence (PL) and photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics of the three-junction InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cells by depositing Au nanoclusters on the cell surface. The increases of the PL intensity and short-circuit current after incorporation of Au nanoclusters are evident. An increase of 15.3% in energy conversion efficiency (from 19.6 to 22.6%) is obtained for the three-junction solar cells in which Au nanoclusters have been incorporated. We suggest that the increased light trapping due to radiative scattering from Au nanoclusters is responsible for improving the performance of the three-junction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Yang
- Physics Department, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023 Chung-Li, Taiwan
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45
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Chang WH, Chu HP, Jiang YN, Li SH, Wang Y, Chen CH, Chen KJ, Lin CY, Ju YT. Genetic variation and phylogenetics of Lanyu and exotic pig breeds in Taiwan analyzed by nineteen microsatellite markers. J Anim Sci 2008; 87:1-8. [PMID: 18708610 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lanyu pig is an indigenous miniature pig breed on Lanyu Islet near Taiwan, with a mitochondrial DNA genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pig breeds. The unknown population genetic structure and increased inbreeding among the small population of conserved Lanyu pigs is now of great conservation concern. Additionally, the presence for more than a century of exotic pig breeds in Taiwan has made gene introgression from exotic pig breeds into Lanyu pigs very possible. The present study thus aimed to investigate nuclear genetic variation within the conserved Lanyu pigs and the phylogenetic relationship and possible genetic introgression between Lanyu and exotic pig breeds by determining the polymorphism of 19 microsatellite loci. In the neighbor-joining tree constructed from 7 pig breeds based on Cavalli-Sforza and Edward chord genetic distances, 3 major clades were recognized, in which the Asian and European breeds were separately clustered into 2 clades with a 93.0 and 99.9% bootstrap confidence value, respectively. All individuals of the Lanyu breed formed a unique subclade within the Asian clade based on the distance of the proportion of shared alleles, -ln(ps), suggesting that the Lanyu breed possesses a unique nuclear genetic structure and that no nuclear gene introgression from exotic breeds into the conserved Lanyu pigs has occurred in recent history. Fifteen of 19 microsatellite loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (by Wright's statistic), suggesting a significant loss of heterozygosity in the conserved population. The valuable nuclear genetic structure and phylogenetic information should assist future conservation and population management of Lanyu pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10673
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Shin JC, Chang WH, Jung TH, Yoo JH, Park SN. The determination of sensation-dependent bladder emptying time in patients with complete spinal cord injury above T11. Spinal Cord 2007; 46:210-5. [PMID: 17646839 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective investigation using urodynamic studies and medical records. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of sensation-dependent bladder emptying in complete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients, based on the preservation of the desire to void. SETTING Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Yonsei Rehabilitation Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS This study was performed retrospectively on 79 complete SCI patients with lesions above T11, who had preserved the desire to void during conventional urodynamic studies. Patients were classified according to detrusor compliance and maximal bladder capacity. The clinical and urodynamic characteristics of each group were analyzed. RESULTS Forty-five (57.0%) patients were classified as group A and 34 (43.0%) patients were classified as group B. There were no significant differences in clinical features, such as voiding methods and the presence of autonomic dysreflexia between the two groups. Compared with group B, there were significantly more areflexic neurogenic bladder cases in group A (P<0.05). There were significantly higher maximal detrusor pressures in group B (P<0.05). There were significantly more cases with the preservation of the strong desire to void in group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Not all patients with discomplete SCIs accepted the use of sensation-dependent bladder emptying. The safe use of sensation-dependent bladder emptying will be determined based on the results of urodynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lin IT, Chang WH, Shih SC, Lin SC, Chen YJ, Wang HY, Chu CH, Wang TE, Liou TC, Shyung LR, Bair MJ. Successful endoscopic polypectomy for colonic vascular ectasia presenting as pedunculated polypoid lesion. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E253-4. [PMID: 17957630 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I T Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liang DC, Chan TT, Lin KH, Lin DT, Lu MY, Chen SH, Liu HC, Lin MT, Lee MT, Shu SG, Chang TK, Chen JS, Hsiao CC, Hung IJ, Hsieh YL, Chen RL, Cheng SN, Chang WH, Lee CH, Lin KS. Improved treatment results for childhood acute myeloid leukemia in Taiwan. Leukemia 2005; 20:136-41. [PMID: 16281075 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To improve treatment results for children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we introduced a novel protocol, Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group-AML-97A, for AML other than acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), for which modified conventional protocols were used. From January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2002, 141 children younger than 17 years old with de novo AML were enrolled. In total, 117 patients with non-APL AML were treated with induction therapy of idarubicin and cytarabine (Ara-C), postremission therapy with high-dose Ara-C - containing regimens for four monthly courses, and moderate-dose therapy with idarubicin and Ara-C for four monthly courses. The first 19 patients with APL were treated with all-trans retinoic acid, idarubicin and Ara-C, with the remaining five patients receiving all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin, followed by maintenance therapy for 2 years. Stem cell transplantation was performed in 29 patients in first remission with a similar outcome as chemotherapy alone. The remission rate in the AML-97A study was 90%, the 5-year survival 51 +/- 5.3% (s.e.) and the 5-year event-free survival 50 +/- 4.8%; for APL, these were 100%, 86 +/- 7.0, and 75 +/- 9.8%. For the whole group, the 5-year survival was 57 +/- 4.7% and the 5-year event-free survival 54 +/- 4.4%. The AML-97A regimen was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Liang
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Chang WH, Wu HL, Li CH, Uang BJ, Kang JJ, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Lin BR, Chang MC. Reactive oxygen species are crucial for hydroxychavicol toxicity toward KB epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004; 61:83-96. [PMID: 14704856 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing shows a strong correlation to the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), leukoplakia and oral cancer. BQ contains mainly areca nut, lime, Piper betle leaf (PBL) and the inflorescence of P. betle (IPB). Hydroxychavicol (4-allyl-catechol, HC), as a major phenolic compound in PBL and IPB, is shown to induce oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH) depletion and cell cycle deregulation. Using bivariate BrdU/PI flow cytometry, KB cells in DNA synthesis (S phase) are shown to be sensitive to the toxic effect of HC and show cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 mM HC. HC-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are associated with mitochondrial membrane potential (delta Psim) depolarization as revealed by a decrease in rhodamine fluorescence. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM), superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) and catalase (1000 U/ml) were effective in prevention of HC-induced GSH depletion (as indicated by chloromethylfluorescein fluorescence), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, dimethylthiourea (2 mM), neocuproine (1 mM), 1,10-phenanthroline (200 microM) and desferrioxamine (0.5 mM) showed little effect on HC-induced cell changes. HC elevated the cellular and mitochondrial GSH levels at moderate concentrations (0.05-0.1 mM), whereas at a concentration of 0.3 mM, inhibitory effects were noted. These results indicate that HC consumption may be associated with BQ-chewing-related oral mucosal diseases via GSH depletion, ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell cycle disturbance and the induction of apoptosis. These events are related to the production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue with a well-balanced homeostasis preserved by both formation and resorption of bone. Normal turnover of bone, however, can be upset by either increased osteoclast activity or decreased osteoblast function; either mechanism alone or both may result in a net loss of bone. Both osteoclasts and osteoblasts could be stimulated by mechanical stimulation in vitro, and it is assumed that this process may occur in vivo as well. In this experiment, we investigated this hypothesis by examining the effects of ultrasound stimulation on osteoblast growth and cytokine release. With this model, we explored the mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on osteoblasts growth and upregulation of osteoclasts formation and function by cytokine release. The results showed that specific pulsed ultrasound exposure could enhance osteoblasts population together with increase in TGFbeta1 secretion and decrease in concentration of IL-6 and TNFalpha in the culture medium. Although, animal studies and clinical trial are needed to understand the real process in the whole body, ultrasound stimulation might be a good method for prevention of bone loss due to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Room 818, Building of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan
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