1
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Mohammed L. An Overview of Ascariasis Involvement in Gallbladder Disease: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Cureus 2022; 14:e32545. [PMID: 36654632 PMCID: PMC9840414 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common type of helminth infection in humans. It affects more than one billion of the world's population. Children living in developing nations are prone to ascariasis, presenting with obstructive biliary illnesses. Migration of Ascaris worms through the major duodenal papilla to the hepatobiliary system leads to symptoms of biliary colic and complications along the biliary tree. In April 2022, we performed a systematic review of case reports to identify and examine cases of gallbladder ascariasis worldwide. A methodical search using PubMed, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Directory of Open Access Journals yielded 2773 studies. After duplicate removal, title, abstract, and content screening, retrieval, and quality assessment, 13 studies met the criteria for this systematic review of case reports. The cases and results from these 13 studies revealed gallbladder ascariasis in different age groups worldwide. This systematic review discusses ascariasis, explicitly highlighting its presence in the gallbladder, symptomatic presentation, laboratory/imaging findings, complications, and approach to management.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Mohammed L. Elements That Influence the Development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children. Cureus 2022; 14:e27835. [PMID: 35982754 PMCID: PMC9376034 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors may have a role in the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the specific pathophysiology of this disease is still not entirely understood, it is believed to be caused by a mix of genetic, maternal, dietary, and environmental factors. The effect of these factors can determine the severity of ADHD; for example, some of them are dose-dependent, but there is a typical pattern that all are known to be associated with either early childhood exposure or maternal exposure during pregnancy. Some factors share a similar mechanism of affecting pathways and increasing the risk of ADHD. ADHD is not a disorder that can be detected before symptoms appear in a child, making it more challenging to anticipate even if a child has been exposed to a known trigger. Environmental pollutants were investigated, and it was shown that there was a link between ADHD in childhood and exposure to pollutants throughout childhood or during pregnancy. It is well known that maternal health is a significant factor in the unborn child's development in many health aspects. The central nervous system (CNS) is a primary system that can suffer irreversible damage from health conditions, stress, depression, or specific nutritional deficiency when the pregnant mother is subjected to these conditions. Even though numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the probable causes of ADHD, with some of them having robust findings, no conclusive explanation can be provided to identify a definitive cause or a risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Yusuf Ali
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bithaiah Inyang
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Feeba Sam Koshy
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kitty George
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prakar Poudel
- Internal Medicine, Chitwan Medical College of Medical Science, Chitwan, NPL.,Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Roopa Chalasani
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, fairfield, USA
| | - Mastiyage R Goonathilake
- Pediatrics/Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sara Waqar
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sheeba George
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Wilford Jean-Baptiste
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Mohammed L. Can Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Therapy Be Used in Respiratory Diseases Other Than Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Cureus 2022; 14:e27132. [PMID: 36017299 PMCID: PMC9392891 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
4
|
Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Mohammed L. Effect of Thyroxine and Thyrotropin on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e26353. [PMID: 35903569 PMCID: PMC9325683 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of thyroid hormones on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women has been reported but is not completely established. To better understand this relationship, this systematic review of the reported association, differences, and effects of thyroxine and/or thyrotropin levels on bone mineral density was conducted. An electronic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, PMC, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct from inception to April 2022; 20 studies were identified which include five quasi-experimental studies, three community cohort studies, and 12 hospital-based cross-sectional studies. Following an extensive evaluation, it was difficult to conclusively determine the association or effect of thyroxine or thyrotropin levels on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. It is therefore suggested to conduct additional non-randomized or randomized control studies on this topic for the benefit of postmenopausal women. Particular attention should be given to the adjustment of age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and dietary calcium in future research on this topic for rigorous analysis.
Collapse
|
5
|
George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, Mohammed L. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e26288. [PMID: 35898377 PMCID: PMC9308974 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential complications, such as cancers, are increasing worldwide at an astounding rate. There are many factors such as obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and the adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are driving pancreatic cancer (PC) to become one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States. PC is notorious for its generic symptoms and late-stage presentation with rapid metastasis. The connection between T2DM and the risk of PC development is multifaceted and complex. Some of the proposed theories reveal that chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and abnormalities in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor axis (IGF) contribute to the disease association between these two conditions. This literature review aims to highlight relevant studies and explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology of diabetes and its impact on PC development, as well as the role of anti-diabetic agents on PC. Despite extensive studies, the exact interaction between T2DM and PC remains obscure and will need further investigation. According to current knowledge, there is a substantial link between diabetes, obesity, and dietary patterns in the development and progression of PC. Consequently, focusing our efforts on preventive measures by reducing modifiable risk factors remains the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of PC at this time. Antidiabetic drugs can have various effects on the occurrence and prognosis of PC with metformin offering a clear benefit of inhibiting PC and insulin increasing the risk of PC. The development of future novel therapies will require a deeper knowledge of the triggering mechanisms and interplay between these two disease states.
Collapse
|
6
|
Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Mohammed L. Recognizing Histopathological Simulators of Melanoma to Avoid Misdiagnosis. Cureus 2022; 14:e26127. [PMID: 35875272 PMCID: PMC9299949 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic lesions have a wide morphological spectrum, ranging from benign nevi to malignant melanoma. In contrast to a diagnosis of a benign nevus, a diagnosis of melanoma could mean intensive treatment, lifetime monitoring, and a worse prognosis. Therefore, melanocytic tumors are notoriously challenging and associated with a high risk of litigation in surgical pathology. After describing the basic features of nevi and melanoma, this article describes the detailed clinical and histological features of those lesions that share many similar features with melanoma. The entities included are Spitz nevi and atypical Spitz tumors (AST), Reed nevus, dysplastic nevus, cellular blue nevus (CBN), deep penetrating nevus, combined nevus, recurrent nevus, irritated nevus, congenital pattern nevus, acral nevus, and nevi of special sites. Knowledge of these imitators can help pathologists distinguish between benign and malignant cases and avoid misdiagnosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, Mohammed L. A Systematic Review of Maternal Serum Syndecan-1 and Preeclampsia. Cureus 2022; 14:e25794. [PMID: 35836437 PMCID: PMC9273188 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of novel biomarkers has been gaining popularity in preeclampsia, which is currently being diagnosed based on clinical criteria alone. Soluble syndecan-1, released from one of the proteoglycans associated with the syncytiotrophoblastic layer of the placenta, is affected in patients with abnormal placentation. This article is the first systematic literature review that evaluates the relationship between the antepartum serum levels of the syndecan-1 and preeclampsia. Eight studies were selected after screening and quality appraisal, and data were analyzed. The serum concentration of syndecan-1 was found to correlate positively with the gestational age in all pregnancies and negatively with the systolic blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia. Extremely low levels of soluble syndecan-1 may be helpful as a predictor for the development of preeclampsia during gestation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Mohammed L. Are There Any Cardioprotective Effects or Safety Concerns of Erythropoietin in Patients With Myocardial Infarction? A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25671. [PMID: 35812547 PMCID: PMC9255911 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a global cause of morbidity and mortality. MI is the outcome of a chronic process termed atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty and other substances called plaques inside the coronary vessels, causing hardening and thickening of the arterial wall. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine released mainly by the kidneys in adults. Besides its well-known erythropoietic functions, EPO possesses anti-apoptotic, mitogenic, and angiogenic effects. This review aims to analyze the strength of any therapeutic or protective value of EPO on the heart and safety concerns regarding its administration in MI individuals. This systematic review was performed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Sciences Direct) were employed to search for articles published in the last 10 years. Focused studies were relevant articles in the English language, trials, reviews, meta-analyses, and studies with a control group. Following the quality assessment process, nine studies were eligible and hence were included in the review consisting of six randomized controlled trials and three systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Contrary to preclinical studies, EPO administration did not significantly have notable effects on mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, or infarction size reduction. Significant left ventricle ejection fraction amelioration was not appreciated either. However, EPO seems to reduce the incidence of post-MI arrhythmias.
Collapse
|
9
|
Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Mohammed L. Exercise Prescription and the Minimum Dose for Bone Remodeling Needed to Prevent Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25993. [PMID: 35859964 PMCID: PMC9288128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyze previously conducted randomized controlled trials and investigate the relationship between various exercise regimes and their effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. To determine whether exercise can be used as a non-pharmacological modality for osteoporosis prevention, a thorough search was performed on various databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar). Only bone mineral density studies and trials with intervention versus control groups were included, and 13 randomized controlled trials were deemed relevant. The majority of trials concluded that exercise positively impacted bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. High-impact exercises seem to have the most significant effect on bone mineral density due to compression, shear stress, and high loading on the bone, causing bone remodeling. Considering all the limitations, exercise seems to be an effective tool for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feeba Sam Koshy
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kitty George
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prakar Poudel
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Roopa Chalasani
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Sara Waqar
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sheeba George
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Wilford Jean-Baptiste
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amina Yusuf Ali
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bithaiah Inyang
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Mohammed L. The Outcome of Surgical Intervention (Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt and Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy) in Patients With Hydrocephalus Secondary to Tuberculous Meningitis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25317. [PMID: 35637922 PMCID: PMC9131440 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|