Dysregulated CXCL12 expression in osteoblasts promotes B-lymphocytes preferentially homing to the bone marrow in MRL/lpr mice

Objective: Todetect the abnormal distribution of B-lymphocytes between peripheral and bone marrow (BM) compartments and explore the mechanism of abnormal chemotaxis of B-lymphocytes in lupus subjects. Methods: The proportions of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4+ B cells and CFDA-labeled MRL/lpr-derived B cells were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)12in peripheral blood (PB)were measured by ELISA. The migrated B cells to osteoblasts (OBs) was measured by transwell migration assay. The relative spatial position of B cells, OBs and CXCL12 was presented by Immunofluorescence assay. Results: Firstly, we found that the percentage of CXCR4+ B cells was lower in PB and higher in the BM from both MRL/lpr mice and patientswith Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Secondly, OBs from MRL/lpr mice produced more CXCL12 than that from C57BL/6 mice. Besides, MRL/lpr-derived OBs demonstrated more potent chemotactic ability toward B-lymphocytes than control OBs by vitro an vivo. Additionally, more B-lymphocytes were found to co-localize with OBs within the periosteal zone of bone in MRL/lpr mice. Lastly, the percentages of CXCR4+B cells were found to be negatively correlated with serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration, moreover, BM CXCL12 levels were found to be positively correlated with SLE disease activity index Score and negatively correlated with serum Complement3 (C3) concentration. Conclusions: our results indicated that there is a shifted distribution of B-lymphocytes between BM and peripheral compartments in both SLE patients and MRL/lpr mice. Besides, the up-regulated levels of CXCL12 in OBs was indicated to contribute to the enhanced chemotactic migration and anchorage of B-lymphocytes to OBs.

Study on the mechanism of S100A4-mediated cancer oncogenesis in uveal melanoma cells through the integration of bioinformatics and in vitro experiments

BACKGROUND

The elevated metastasis rate of uveal melanoma (UM) is intricately correlated with patient prognosis, significantly affecting the quality of life. S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) has tumorigenic properties; therefore, the present study investigated the impact of S100A4 on UM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion using bioinformatics and in vitro experiments.

METHODS

Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen S100A4 as a hub gene and predict its possible mechanism in UM cells, and the S100A4 silencing cell line was constructed. The impact of S100A4 silencing on the proliferative ability of UM cells was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Annexin V-FITC/PI double fluorescence and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to observe the effects of apoptosis on UM cells. The effect of S100A4 silencing on the migratory and invasive capabilities of UM cells was assessed using wound healing and Transwell assays. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins.

RESULTS

The present study found that S100A4 is a biomarker of UM, and its high expression is related to poor prognosis. After constructing the S100A4 silencing cell line, cell viability, clone number, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and survivin expression were decreased in UM cells. The cell apoptosis rate and relative fluorescence intensity increased, accompanied by increased levels of Bax and caspase-3 and decreased levels of Bcl-2. Additionally, a decrease in the cell migration index and relative invasion rate was observed with increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression.

CONCLUSION

S100A4 silencing can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion and synchronously induces apoptosis in UM cells.

Sorafenib reduces the production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and leads to cardiac injury by inhibiting CYP2J in rats

Sorafenib, an important cancer drug in clinical practice, has caused heart problems such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, and thrombosis. Although some mechanisms of sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity have been proposed, there is still more research needed to reach a well-established definition of the causes of cardiotoxicity of sorafenib. In this report, we demonstrate that sorafenib is a potent inhibitor of the CYP2J enzyme. Sorafenib significantly inhibited the production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in rat cardiac microsomes. The in vivo experimental results also showed that after the administration of sorafenib, the levels of 11,12-EET and 14,15-EET in rat plasma were significantly reduced, which was similar to the results of CYP2J gene knockout. Sorafenib decreased the levels of EETs, leading to abnormal expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission factors in heart tissue. In addition, the expression of mitochondrial energy metabolism factors (Pgc-1α, Pgc-1β, Ampk, and Sirt1) and cardiac mechanism factors (Scn5a and Prkag2) was significantly reduced, increasing the risk of arrhythmia and heart failure. Meanwhile, the increase in injury markers Anp, CK, and CK-MB further confirmed the cardiotoxicity of sorafenib. This study is of great significance for understanding the cardiotoxicity of sorafenib, and is also a model for studying the cardiotoxicity of other drugs that inhibit CYP2J activity.

An ascidian Polycarpa aurata-derived pan-inhibitor against coronaviruses targeting Mpro

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are responsible for a wide range of illnesses in both animals and human. The main protease (Mpro) of CoVs is an attractive drug target, owing its critical and highly conserved role in viral replication. Here, we developed and refined an enzymatic technique to identify putative Mpro inhibitors from 189 marine chemicals and 46 terrestrial natural products. The IC50 values of Polycarpine (1a), a marine natural substance we studied and synthesized, are 30.0 ± 2.5 nM for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and 0.12 ± 0.05 μM for PEDV Mpro. Our research further demonstrated that pretreatment with Polycarpine (1a) inhibited the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and alphacoronavirus PEDV multiplication in Vero-E6 cells. As a result, Polycarpine (1a), a pan-inhibitor of Mpro, will function as an effective and promising antiviral option to combat CoVs infection and as a foundation for further therapeutic research.

[Role of neoadjuvant rectal score in prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy]

Objectives: To assess the prognostic impact of the neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score following neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), as well as its value in guiding decisions for adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Between August 2015 and August 2018, patients were eligible from the STELLAR phase III trial (NCT02533271) who received short-course radiotherapy plus consolidation chemotherapy and for whom the NAR score could be calculated. Based on the NAR score, patients were categorized into low (＜8), intermediate (8-16), and high (＞16) groups. The Kaplan-Meier method, log rank tests, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the NAR score on disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Out of the 232 patients, 24.1%, 48.7%, and 27.2% had low (56 cases), intermediate (113 cases), and high NAR scores (63 cases), respectively. The median follow-up period was 37 months, with 3-year DFS rates of 87.3%, 68.3%, and 53.4% (P＜0.001) for the low, intermediate, and high NAR score groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the NAR score (intermediate NAR score: HR, 3.10, 95% CI, 1.30-7.37, P=0.011; high NAR scores: HR=5.44, 95% CI, 2.26-13.09, P＜0.001), resection status (HR, 3.00, 95% CI, 1.64-5.52, P＜0.001), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 3.25, 95% CI, 2.01-5.27, P＜0.001) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. In patients with R0 resection, the 3-year DFS rates were 97.8% and 78.0% for those with low and intermediate NAR scores who received adjuvant chemotherapy, significantly higher than the 43.2% and 50.6% for those who did not (P＜0.001, P=0.002). There was no significant difference in the 3-year DFS rate (54.2% vs 53.3%, P=0.214) among high NAR score patients, regardless of adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: The NAR score is a robust prognostic indicator in LARC following neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy, with potential implications for subsequent decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy. These findings warrant further validation in studies with larger sample sizes.

Simultaneous Interface Engineering and Phase Tuning of CeO2-Decorated Catalysts for Boosted Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Heterogeneous catalysts have attracted extensive attention among various emerging catalysts for their exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) capabilities, outperforming their single-component counterparts. Nonetheless, the synthesis of heterogeneous materials with predictable, precise, and facile control remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel strategy involving the decoration of catalysts with CeO2 is introduced to concurrently engineer heterogeneous interfaces and adjust phase composition, thereby enhancing OER performance. Theoretical calculations suggest that the presence of ceria reduces the free energy barrier for the conversion of nitrides into metals. Supporting this, the experimental findings reveal that the incorporation of rare earth oxides enables the controlled phase transition from nitride into metal, with the proportion adjustable by varying the amount of added rare earth. Thanks to the role of CeO2 decoration in promoting the reaction kinetics and fostering the formation of the genuine active phase, the optimized Ni3FeN/Ni3Fe/CeO2-5% nanoparticles heterostructure catalyst exhibits outstanding OER activity, achieving an overpotential of just 249 mV at 10 mA cm-2. This approach offers fresh perspectives for the conception of highly efficient heterogeneous OER catalysts, contributing a strategic avenue for advanced catalytic design in the field of energy conversion.

Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of novel plinabulin derivatives as anti-tumor agents based on the co-crystal structure

Plinabulin, a 2, 5-diketopiperazine-type tubulin inhibitor derived from marine natural products, is currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). To obtain novel 2, 5-diketopiperazine derivatives with higher biological activity, we designed and synthesized two series of 37 plinabulin derivatives at the C-ring, based on the co-crystal structure of compound 1 and tubulin. Their structures were characterized using NMR and HRMS. All compounds were screened in vitro using the lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 using the MTT method, and the compounds with better activity were further screened in BxPC-3 and HT-29 cells. The compounds 16c (IC50 = 2.0, NCI-H460; IC50 = 1.2 nM, BxPC-3; IC50 = 1.97 nM, HT-29) and 26r (IC50 = 0.96, NCI-H460; IC50 = 0.66 nM, BxPC-3; IC50 = 0.61 nM, HT-29) had the best activity. The cytotoxic activity of compound 26r against various tumor cell lines occurred at less than 1 nM.

Regulating the Electron Distribution of Metal-Oxygen for Enhanced Oxygen Stability in Li-rich Layered Cathodes

Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides (LLO) hold great promise as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their unique oxygen redox (OR) chemistry, which enables additional capacity. However, the LLOs face challenges related to the instability of their OR process due to the weak transition metal (TM)-oxygen bond, leading to oxygen loss and irreversible phase transition that results in severe capacity and voltage decay. Herein, a synergistic electronic regulation strategy of surface and interior structures to enhance oxygen stability is proposed. In the interior of the materials, the local electrons around TM and O atoms may be delocalized by surrounding Mo atoms, facilitating the formation of stronger TM─O bonds at high voltages. Besides, on the surface, the highly reactive O atoms with lone pairs of electrons are passivated by additional TM atoms, which provides a more stable TM─O framework. Hence, this strategy stabilizes the oxygen and hinders TM migration, which enhances the reversibility in structural evolution, leading to increased capacity and voltage retention. This work presents an efficient approach to enhance the performance of LLOs through surface-to-interior electronic structure modulation, while also contributing to a deeper understanding of their redox reaction.

Breaking Continuously Packed Bimetallic Sites to Singly Dispersed on Nonmetallic Support for Efficient Hydrogen Production

We have synthesized Pt1Zn3/ZnO, also termed 0.01 wt %Pt/ZnO-O2-H2, as a catalyst containing singly dispersed single-atom bimetallic sites, also called a catalyst of singly dispersed bimetallic sites or a catalyst of isolated single-atom bimetallic sites. Its catalytic activity in partial oxidation of methanol to hydrogen at 290 °C is found to be 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of Pt-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles supported on ZnO, 5.0 wt %Pt/ZnO-N2-H2. Selectivity for H2 on Pt1Zn3/ZnO reaches 96%-100% at 290-330 °C, arising from the uniform coordination environment of single-atom Pt1 in singly dispersed single-atom bimetallic sites, Pt1Zn3 on 0.01 wt %Pt/ZnO-O2-H2, which is sharply different from various coordination environments of Pt atoms in coexisting PtxZny (x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0) sites on Pt-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. Computational simulations attribute the extraordinary catalytic performance of Pt1Zn3/ZnO to the stronger adsorption of methanol and the lower activation barriers in O-H dissociation of CH3OH, C-H dissociations of CH2O to CO, and coupling of intermediate CO with atomic oxygen to form CO2 on Pt1Zn3/ZnO as compared to those on Pt-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. It demonstrates that anchoring uniform, isolated single-atom bimetallic sites, also called singly dispersed bimetallic sites on a nonmetallic support can create new catalysts for certain types of reactions with much higher activity and selectivity in contrast to bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts with coexisting, various metallic sites MxAy (x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0). As these single-atom bimetallic sites are cationic and anchored on a nonmetallic support, the catalyst of singly dispersed single-atom bimetallic sites is different from a single-atom alloy nanoparticle catalyst. The critical role of the 0.01 wt %Pt in the extraordinary catalytic performance calls on fundamental studies of the profound role of a trace amount of a metal in heterogeneous catalysis.

Unraveling the Heterogeneity of CD8+ T-Cell Subsets in Liver Cirrhosis: Implications for Disease Progression

Background/Aims

: Liver cirrhosis involves chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis. Among various immune cells, CD8+ T cells are considered a major contributor to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. However, the exact molecular pathways governing CD8+ T-cell-mediated effects in cirrhosis remain unclear.

Methods

: This study analyzed transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing data to elucidate CD8+ T-cell heterogeneity and implications in cirrhosis.

Results

: Weighted gene co-expression analysis of bulk RNA-seq data revealed an association between cirrhosis severity and activated T-cell markers like HLA and chemokine genes. Furthermore, single-cell profiling uncovered eight CD8+ T-cell subtypes, notably, effector memory (Tem) and exhausted (Tex) T cells. Tex cells, defined by PDCD1, LAG3, and CXCL13 expression, were increased in cirrhosis, while Tem cells were decreased. Lineage tracing and differential analysis highlighted CXCL13+ Tex cells as a terminal, exhausted subtype of cells with roles in PD-1 signaling, glycolysis, and T-cell regulation. CXCL13+ Tex cells displayed T-cell exhaustion markers like PDCD1, HAVCR2, TIGIT, and TNFRSF9. Functional analysis implicated potential roles of these cells in immunosuppression. Finally, a CXCL13+ Tex-cell gene signature was found that correlated with cirrhosis severity and poorer prognosis of liver cancer.

Conclusions

: In summary, this comprehensive study defines specialized CD8+ T-cell subpopulations in cirrhosis, with CXCL13+ Tex cells displaying an exhausted phenotype associated with immune dysregulation and advanced disease. Key genes and pathways regulating these cells present potential therapeutic targets.

Development of benzimidazole-based compounds as novel capsid assembly modulators for the treatment of HBV infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HBV infection. In this study, the hit compound CDI (IC50 = 2.46 ± 0.33 μM) was identified by screening of an in-house compound library. And then novel potent benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as core assembly modulators, and their antiviral effects were evaluated in vitro and in vivo biological experiments. The results indicated that compound 26f displayed the most optimized modulator of HBV capsid assembly (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.20 μM, EC50 = 2.24 ± 0.43 μM, CC50 = 84.29 μM) and high selectivity index. Moreover, treatment with compound 26f for 14 days significantly decreased serum levels of HBV DNA levels in the Hydrodynamic-Injection (HDI) mouse model. Therefore, compound 26f could be considered as a promising candidate drug for further development of novel HBV CAMs with the desired potency and safety.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Triazole Antifungal Agents Enabled by an Upgraded Strategy for the Key Epoxide Intermediate

A streamlined and efficient approach to the key epoxide intermediate for the asymmetric synthesis of triazole antifungal agents is presented. This synthesis highlights a P(NMe2)3-mediated nonylidic olefination of α-keto ester, ensuring the exclusive formation of the requisite (Z)-alkene, followed by a highly enantioselective Jacobsen epoxidation to establish the two vicinal stereocenters in a single step. The versatility of this strategy is exemplified through the efficient synthesis of efinaconazole and ravuconazole.

Quantitative evaluation of the impact of relaxing eligibility criteria on the risk-benefit profile of drugs for lung cancer based on real-world data

INTRODUCTION

Restrictive eligibility criteria in cancer drug trials result in low enrollment rates and limited population diversity. Relaxed eligibility criteria (REC) based on solid evidence is becoming necessary for stakeholders worldwide. However, the absence of high-quality, favorable evidence remains a major challenge. This study presents a protocol to quantitatively evaluate the impact of relaxing eligibility criteria in common non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) protocols in China, on the risk-benefit profile. This involves a detailed explanation of the rationale, framework, and design of REC.

METHODS

To evaluate our REC in NSCLC drug trials, we will first construct a structured, cross-dimensional real-world NSCLC database using deep learning methods. We will then establish randomized virtual cohorts and perform benefit-risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation and propensity matching. Shapley value will be utilized to quantitatively measure the effect of the change of each eligibility criterion on patient volume, clinical efficacy and safety.

DISCUSSION

This study is one of the few that focuses on the problem of overly stringent eligibility criteria cancer drug clinical trials, providing quantitative evaluation of the effect of relaxing each NSCLC eligibility criterion. This study will not only provide scientific evidence for the rational design of population inclusion in lung cancer clinical trials, but also establish a data governance system, as well as a REC evaluation framework that can be generalized to other cancer studies.

Non-linear associations of atherogenic index of plasma with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above: a cross-sectional study from CHARLS

Background

Dyslipidemia is strongly associated with the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), as a comprehensive index for assessing lipid metabolism, has received extensive attention from researchers in recent years. However, there are relatively few studies exploring the relationships between AIP and the risk of prediabetes and T2DM in the Chinese population. This study focuses on exploring the relationships of AIP with the risk of prediabetes and T2DM in the Chinese population.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of the public data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), involving a total of 12,060 participants aged 45 years and above in China. The study explored the relationships of AIP with prediabetes and T2DM risk through multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed positive associations between AIP and the risk of prediabetes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49-2.06] and T2DM (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.38-3.57). Participants with higher AIP levels demonstrated a significantly elevated risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.33-1.74) and T2DM (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.92-2.71) compared to those with lower AIP levels. AIP showed consistent correlations with prediabetes and T2DM risk in different subgroups. The results showed the non-linear relationships between AIP and risk of prediabetes and T2DM, with inflection points at 0.29 and -0.04, respectively. When AIP > 0.29, there was a positive association between AIP and the risk of prediabetes (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.67-3.00, p < 0.0001). Similarly, when AIP > -0.04, AIP was positively associated with the risk of T2DM (OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 2.67-4.16, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated non-linear positive associations of AIP with the risk of prediabetes and T2DM among participants ≥ 45 years of age in China.

A call to rethink the necessity of and challenges facing academic research organizations in the new era of drug innovation in China

The objectives of drug R&D in China have shifted toward innovation and globalization, highlighting the ecological imperative to involve innovative partner-like academic research organizations (AROs). AROs are led by academic institutions and, when compared to contract research organizations (CROs), their strengths lie in promoting academic excellence, knowledge sharing, independence, collaborative networks and industry partnerships. Our desk-based analysis shows that although the service scope of Chinese AROs is similar to that of AROs in the US, they lack experience in broad service provision for innovative drugs, institution-institutional platforms and industry partnerships. We make several suggestions about how to achieve the synergy of academic institutions and industry-based organizations in drug innovation by using a ARO-CRO hybrid service model.

Identification and characterization of novel genetic variants in the first Chinese family of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC (Sanfilippo C syndrome)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPS IIIC) is one of inherited lysosomal storage disorders, caused by deficiencies in lysosomal hydrolases degrading acidic mucopolysaccharides. The gene responsible for MPS IIIC is HGSNAT, which encodes an enzyme that catalyses the acetylation of the terminal glucosamine residues of heparan sulfate. So far, few studies have focused on the genetic landscape of MPS IIIC in China, where IIIA and IIIB were the major subtypes. In this study, we utilized whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify novel compound heterozygous variants in the HGSNAT gene from a Chinese patient with typical MPS IIIC symptoms: c.743G>A; p.Gly248Glu and c.1030C>T; p.Arg344Cys. We performed in silico analysis and experimental validation, which confirmed the deleterious pathogenic nature of both variants, as evidenced by the loss of HGSNAT activity and failure of lysosomal localization. To the best of our knowledge, the MPS IIIC is first confirmed by clinical, biochemical and molecular genetic findings in China. Our study thus expands the spectrum of MPS IIIC pathogenic variants, which is of importance to dissect the pathogenesis and to carry out clinical diagnosis of MPS IIIC. Moreover, this study helps to depict the natural history of Chinese MPS IIIC populations.

Evaluation of virus removal in membrane bioreactor (MBR) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes based on long-term monitoring at two wastewater treatment plants

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) process always offers better wastewater treatment than conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment. However, the difference in their efficacy of virus reduction remains unknown. To investigate this, we monitored virus concentrations before and after MBR and CAS processes over 2 years. Concentrations of norovirus genotypes I and II (NoV GI and GII), aichivirus (AiV), F-specific RNA phage genotypes I, II, and III (GI-, GII-, and GIII-FRNAPHs), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method at two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A and B) in Japan. Virus concentration datasets containing left-censored data were estimated by using both maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and robust regression on order statistics (rROS) approaches. PMMoV was the most prevalent at both WWTPs, with median concentrations of 7.5 to 8.8 log10 copies/L before treatment. Log10 removal values (LRVs) of all viruses based on means and standard deviations of concentrations before and after treatment were consistently higher following MBR than following CAS. We used NoV GII as a model pathogen in a quantitative microbial risk assessment of the treated water, and we estimated the additional reductions required following MBR and CAS processes to meet the guideline of 10-6 DALYs pppy for safe wastewater reuse.

[Prediction of prognosis of patients with radical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on single cell omics]

Objectives: To analyze the survival benefit of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) radical resection based on single cell omics. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study. ICC single-cell sequencing was integrated from four data sets in the Gene Expression Omnibus Database, with a total of 46 patients undergoing radical resection, to explore the characteristics of the microenvironment. Microarray data of 100 ICC cases was analyzed in the EMBI database with survival data. The infiltration abundance of each epithelial cell cluster was calculated in each microarray data sample using the ssGSEA algorithm. The key epithelial cell cluster associated with poor patient outcomes was explored. The clinical value of key marker genes in this subgroup was studied. Prognostic marker genes were selected using the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards(CoxPH) model. The The CoxPH model was constructed by the target genes and a nomogram was drawn. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to verify the relationship between score and prognosis of patients. The predictive power of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Epithelial cell clusters infiltrated almost exclusively in tumor tissue. The MT2A+ epithelial cell subset was associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with a high invasion abundance and patients characterized by infiltration of this group were defined as antioxidant. After screening marker genes in this cluster using a univariate and multivariate CoxPH model, the following genes were found to be independent prognostic factors: FILPIL, NFKBIA, PEG10, SERPINB5. The CoxPH model was constructed using the four gene expression levels, and the survival rate of patients in the high-risk group was significantly lower than those in the low-risk group (all P<0.05). The constructed nomogram had good discrimination and validity. The ROC curve showed that the predicted area under the curve was 0.779, 0.844 and 0.845 at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Compared to clinical indicators, the model had better predictive power using the calibration curve and the DCA test. Conclusions: The MT2A+ epithelial cell group may be associated with the prognosis of patients with ICC, and the concept of ICC tissue typing of antioxidant and non-antioxidant types is proposed. The type of antioxidant may predict the poor prognosis of the patients, and postoperative adjuvant therapy and other means could be considered to improve the survival of the patients.

Expected wait times for access to a disease-modifying Alzheimer's treatment in England: A modelling study

OBJECTIVES

We previously analysed the preparedness to deliver a disease-modifying Alzheimer's treatment in the United Kingdom and predicted substantial wait times. This study updates the prediction for the National Health Service (NHS) in England, using an improved model and newer data.

METHODS

We reviewed published data on capacity for diagnosis of cognitive impairment combined with expert input and constructed a model for wait times to access from 2023 to 2043. The model tracks patients from initial evaluation in primary care, cognitive testing by a dementia specialist, confirmatory biomarker testing with positron emission tomography (PET) scans or examination of cerebrospinal fluid and infusion delivery. Capacity for specialist visits and PET scans are assumed to be capacity constrained, and cerebrospinal fluid testing and infusion delivery to be scalable.

RESULTS

Capacity constraints were projected to result in substantial wait times: patients referred to specialists based on a brief cognitive test, which is the current standard of care, would expect an overall initial wait times of 56 months in 2023, increasing to 129 months in 2029 and then falling slowly to around 100 months. Use of a blood test for the confirmation of Alzheimer's pathology as an additional triage step, would reduce wait times to around 17 to 25 months.

DISCUSSION

The NHS England lacks capacity to provide timely access to a disease-modifying treatment, which is estimated to result in significant wait times and potentially avoidable disease progression. Better diagnostic tools at initial evaluation may reduce delays.

[New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma]

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a type of primary liver cancer, which has shown an increasing trend in incidence and mortality in recent years, with a poor prognosis. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of ICC currently face the challenges of low detection rate, high mortality rate, poor treatment outcome, and urgently need more in-depth research to promote the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment level. In recent years, ICC diagnosis and treatment related research has made new progress in many aspects, and the knowledge about these new clinical diagnosis and treatment advances should be updated in a timely manner. This article reviewed the latest research results in recent years, summarized some new views on ICC typing, prevention and diagnosis staging that have been proposed recently, as well as the new progress made in surgical treatment and systemic treatment, and briefly discussed the potential of ICC individualized precision treatment and the occurrence of rare complications caused by combined treatment.

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of a combined surgery approach to treat peri-implantitis

Peri-implant infra-bony defects are difficult to treat, and data on the management of peri-implantitis are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined surgical approach to manage peri-implantitis: implantoplasty with xenogeneic bone grafting and a concentrated growth factor membrane. Two independent examiners analysed the medical records and radiographs taken before surgery and at the last follow-up. Data were analysed at the implant level; some patient-level data (age, sex, smoking habit) were also considered. Linear regression analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to explore the effect of variables of interest (including marginal bone level (MBL)) on implantitis treatment success and resolution rates. The effect of the prosthesis type on postoperative clinical and radiographic parameters was also explored by GEE, with adjustment for age, sex, tooth site, location, follow-up duration, and implant length (model IV including all). Thirty patients with 72 implants were investigated. The implant survival rate was 100% over a mean observation period of 3.3 years (range 2-11 years). The treatment success rate (bone loss <0.5 mm, no bleeding on probing (BOP), no suppuration, probing depth (PD) < 5 mm) was higher in females than males (50% vs 19.0%; P = 0.008). At the last postoperative follow-up, the MBL (1.51 ± 1.07 vs 4.01 ± 1.13 mm), PD (3.61 ± 0.84 vs 6.54 ± 1.01 mm), and BOP (23.38 ± 23.18% vs 79.17 ± 15.51%) were significantly reduced when compared to pre-surgery values (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significantly higher PD reduction (β = -1.10 mm, 95% confidence interval -1.97 to -0.23 mm, P = 0.014) was observed for implants with a single crown than a full-arch prosthesis (GEE model IV). Preliminary clinical and radiographic data indicate that implantoplasty in combination with surgery could be an effective treatment option for peri-implantitis.

Cycasin derivative: a potential embryotoxic component of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome for limb malformation

Objective

The rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Asteraceae), called Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome (AMR) and known by its traditional name Bai Zhu, is a prominent Chinese herbal medicine employed for preventing miscarriage. However, our previous study revealed that high dosages of AMR administered during pregnancy could cause embryotoxicity but the specific embryotoxic components and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to screen and identify the potential embryotoxic components of AMR.

Methods

The AMR extracts and sub-fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and subsequently screened by in vitro mouse limb bud micromass and mouse whole embryo culture bioassays. The embryotoxic fractions from AMR were further evaluated in vivo using a pregnant mouse model. The structures of the potential embryotoxic components were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS).

Results

In vitro and in vivo bioassays revealed that AMR glycoside-enriched sub-fractions (AMR-A-IIa and AMR-A-IIb) exhibited potential embryotoxicity. These sub-fractions, when administered to pregnant animals, increased the incidence of stillbirth and congenital limb malformations. MS spectrometry analysis identified cycasin derivatives in both sub-fractions, suggesting their possible role in the observed limb malformations. However, further experiments are necessary to validate this hypothesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions

Our study provides significant scientific evidence on the pharmacotoxicity of AMR, which is important for the safe clinical application of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines during pregnancy.

Study of the structural characterization, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of phosphorylated long-chain inulin with different degrees of substitution

In this study, phosphorylated derivatives of long-chain inulin with different substitution degrees were prepared. The synthesized samples were named PFXL-1, PFXL-2, PFXL-3, and PFXL-4 according to their degree of substitution (from low to high). The structures of FXL and PFXL were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the results indicated the successful introduction of phosphate groups. FXL and PFXL were composed of two types of sugar, fructose and glucose, with a molar ratio of 0.977:0.023. The SEM results showed that phosphorylation changed the morphology of FXL from an irregular mass to small spherical aggregates. The XRD pattern showed that the crystallinity was reduced by the introduction of phosphate groups. The Mw of FXL was 2649 g/mol, and the Mw of PFXL-4 increased the most (2965 g/mol). Additionally, PFXL was more stable and uniform, and the absolute value of the PFXL potential reached 7.83 mV. Phosphorylation decreased the weight loss rate of FXL and improved the viscoelastic properties and antioxidant activity of FXL. This study presents a method for the modification of FXL, demonstrating that phosphorylation can enhance its physicochemical properties and physiological activity and suggesting its potential as a functional food and quality modifier.

A NADPH-Dependent Aldo/Keto Reductase Is Responsible for Detoxifying 3-Keto-Deoxynivalenol to 3-epi-Deoxynivalenol in Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101

Deoxynivalenol (DON), primarily generated by Fusarium species, often exists in agricultural products. It can be transformed to 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), with a relatively low toxicity, via two steps. DDH in Pelagibacterium halotolerans ANSP101 was proved to convert DON to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (3-keto-DON). In the present research, AKR4, a NADPH-dependent aldo/keto reductase from P. halotolerans ANSP101, was identified to be capable of converting 3-keto-DON into 3-epi-DON. Our results demonstrated that AKR4 is clearly a NADPH-dependent enzyme, for its utilization of NADPH is higher than that of NADH. AKR4 functions at a range of pH 5-10 and temperatures of 20-60 °C. AKR4 is able to degrade 89% of 3-keto-DON in 90 min at pH 7 and 50 °C with NADPH as the cofactor. The discovery of AKR4, serving as an enzyme involved in the final step in DON degradation, might provide an option for the final detoxification of DON in food and feed.

First-Principles Study on Evolution of Magnetic Domain in Two-Dimensional BaTiO3 Ultrathin Film Doped with Co under Electric Field

The magnetization mechanism of Co-doped BaTiO3 ultrathin films is a subject of debate, which results in difficulties with the design of new multiferroics based on BaTiO3 matrixes. With the aid of a first-principles approach, it was observed that when the interstitial site and Ti vacancy were filled with Co, the configuration behaved in a nonmagnetic manner, indicating the significance of the Co content. Moreover, in the case of Co substituting two neighboring Ti atoms, when a direct current field was applied in the [100] direction, the magnetic domains excluding those in the [100], [010], and [001] directions were directed away. Further, the magnetoelectric constant was evaluated at ~449.3 mV/cmOe, showing strong magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Clearly, our study indicates that strict control of Ba, Ti, O, and Co stoichiometry can induce an electric and magnetic field conversion in two-dimensional BaTiO3 and may provide a new candidate for single-phase multiferroics for application in next-generation multifunctional devices.

Mechanical Properties of a Honeycomb Structure Dispersed with 3D-Printed Fe3O4 Nanomaterials

The honeycomb structure demonstrates exceptional stability, efficient mechanical performance, outstanding load-bearing capacity, and energy-saving and lightweight properties, rendering it extensively employed in various fields such as industrial manufacturing, radiation protection building, aerospace engineering, and wave-absorbing stealth materials. Bionic design can enhance the performance of structures, making bionic honeycomb design valuable in engineering. This study employs a bionic optimization design based on the original honeycomb size to investigate the impact of a new composite honeycomb core structure on mechanical properties. Orthogonal experiments are conducted to explore the effect of honeycomb size on mechanical properties and determine the optimal size. Combining numerical simulation and 3D printing experiments, we examine the mechanical properties of both nano-Fe3O4 particle-distributed honeycomb structure and common structures, analyzing mechanisms behind their tensile and compressive properties.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in a Chinese patient with heterozygous NBAS mutations: Case report

RATIONALE

Neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS)-associated disease is an autosomal recessive disorder and a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms has been reported. However, autoimmune mediated hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is rarely reported in NBAS disease.

PATIENT CONCERNS

A now 21-year-old male harbors heterozygous variants of c.6840G>A and c.335 + 1G>A and was found had retarded growth, hypogammaglobulinemia, B lymphopenia, optic atrophy, horizontal nystagmus, slight splenomegaly and hepatomegaly since childhood. This case had normal hemoglobin level and platelet count in his childhood. He developed AIHA first in his adulthood and then thrombocytopenia during the treatment of AIHA. The mechanism underlying a case with pronounced hypogammaglobulinemia and B lymphopenia is elusive. In addition to biallelic NBAS mutations, a germline mutation in the ANKRD26 (c.2356C>T) gene was also detected. So either autoimmune or ANKRD26 mutation-mediated thrombocytopenia is possible in this case.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME

He was initially managed with steroid and intermittent intravenous immunoglobulin supplement. After treatment, he responded well with a normalization of hemoglobin and serum bilirubin. But the patient subsequently experienced severe thrombocytopenia in addition to AIHA. He was then given daily avatrombopag in addition to steroid escalation. He responded again to new treatment, with the hemoglobin levels and platelet counts went back to the normal ranges. Now he was on de-escalated weekly avatrombopag and low-dose steroids maintenance.

CONCLUSION

The phenotype of this case indicates that c.335 + 1G>A NBAS variant is probably a pathogenic one and c.2356C>T ANKRD26 variant is improbably a pathogenic one. AIHA may respond well to steroid even when happened in patients with NBAS disease.

Protective effect of liver X receptor on cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide induced airway inflammation and emphysema in mice

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of Liver X receptors (LXRs) on airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and lipid deposition induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in the lung.

METHODS

Wild mice and LXR-deficient mice were exposed to cigarette smoke and LPS to induce airway inflammation and remodeling. In addition, some wild mice received intraperitoneal treatment with the LXR agonist GW3965 before exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS. Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to evaluate airway inflammation, airway remodeling and lipid deposition.

RESULTS

Exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS resulted in airway inflammation, emphysema and lipid accumulation in wild mice. These mice also exhibited downregulated LXRα and ABCA1 in the lung. Treatment with GW3965 mitigated inflammation, remodeling and lipid deposition, while the deletion of LXRs exacerbated these effects. Furthermore, GW3965 treatment following exposure to cigarette smoke and LPS increased LXRα and ABCA1 expression and attenuated MyD88 expression in wild mice.

CONCLUSION

LXRs demonstrate the potential to mitigate cigarette smoke and LPS- induced airway inflammation, emphysema and lipid disposition in mice.

Tumor Microenvironment-Regulating Two-Photon Probe Based on Bimetallic Post-Coordinated MOF Facilitating the Dual-Modal and Deep Imaging-Guided Synergistic Therapies

The intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) always brings about unsatisfactory therapeutic effects for treatments, although nanomedicines have been demonstrated to be highly beneficial for synergistic therapies to avoid the side effects caused by the complexity and heterogeneity of cancer. Developing nanotheranostics with the functionalities of both synergistic therapies and TME regulation is a good strategy but is still in its infancy. Herein, an "all-in-one" nanoplatform for integrated diagnosis and treatment, namely, Carrier@ICG@DOX@FA (CIDF), is constructed. Benefiting from the bimetallic coordination of Eu3+-HTHA (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(9-hexylcarbazol-3-yl)-1,3-butanedione) and Fe3+ with the ligands in UiO-67, CIDF can simultaneously achieve two-photon fluorescence imaging, fluorescent lifetime imaging in deep tumors, and regulation of TME. Owing to its porosity, CIDF can encapsulate indocyanine green as photosensitizers and doxorubicin as chemotherapeutic agent, further realizing light-controlled drug release. Moreover, CIDF exhibited good biocompatibility and tumor targeting by coating with folic-acid-modified polymers. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the excellent therapeutic efficacy of CIDF through dual-modal-imaging-guided synergistic photothermal-, photodynamic-, and chemotherapy. CIDF provides a new paradigm for the construction of TME-regulated synergistic nanotheranostics and realizes the complete elimination of tumors without recurrence.

Preserved mucosa unroofing facilitated closure of a large gastric defect after endoscopic full-thickness resection

A 58-year-old woman was found to have a submucosal bulging lesion in the anterior wall of the gastric fundus during a screening esophagogastroscopy. Endosonographic evaluation revealed it to be a 3.1×2.5cm, hypoechoic mass originating from muscularis propria (MP). Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) was attempted. After submucosal injection, a four-fifth circumferential mucosal incision was made around the lesion. Submucosal dissection was performed to unroof the overlying mucosa, which was preserved via the remaining one-fifth circumferential mucosal edge. Thus a mucosal flap was created and turned aside to expose the mass. En bloc resection of the lesion resulted in a 3.5*3.0cm full-thickness defect . The mucosal flap was flipped back and the defect was almost fully covered. Therefore, closure of the defect was accomplished by simply clipping the two edges of the initially incised mucosa. The patient was discharged 2 days later without discomfort. Histopathology confirmed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), prognostic group 1.

Recurrence timing and patterns incorporating lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose

About 40% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients experienced recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) plus esophagectomy. While limited information was available on recurrence risk stratification in ESCC after neoadjuvant treatment. Our previous study showed ypN status was a reliable tool to differentiate and predict the prognosis in the recurrent population. Here, we evaluated recurrence timing and patterns in ESCC patients, taking into consideration lymph node status after nCRT.

Materials and methods

A total of 309 ESCC patients treated with nCRT plus esophagectomy between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled in this observational cohort study. Lymph node status was recorded by the pathologist according to the surgical specimens. We retrospectively investigated the timing and patterns of recurrence and the prognoses in ESCC patients, taking into consideration lymph node status after nCRT.

Results

After nCRT plus surgery in ESCC patients, lymph node metastasis was associated with unfavorable clinicopathological factors and high risks of recurrence. In the recurrent subgroup, ypN+ patients experienced earlier recurrence, especially for locoregional recurrence within the first year. Moreover, ypN+ patients had poorer prognosis. However, the recurrence patterns in the ypN- and ypN+ groups were similar. Besides, there were no significant differences in surgery to recurrence, recurrence to death, or overall survival among patients with locoregional or distant recurrence for overall patients and within ypN- or ypN+ groups.

Conclusions

Lymph node metastasis was correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological factors and high risks of recurrence. Despite a similar recurrence pattern in the recurrent subgroup between the ypN- and ypN+ groups, ypN+ patients exhibited earlier recurrence and a worse prognosis.

A Coordination-Derived Cerium-Based Amorphous-Crystalline Heterostructure with High Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity

The rational design of heterogeneous catalysts is crucial for achieving optimal physicochemical properties and high electrochemical activity. However, the development of new amorphous-crystalline heterostructures is significantly more challenging than that of the existing crystalline-crystalline heterostructures. To overcome these issues, a coordination-assisted strategy that can help fabricate an amorphous NiO/crystalline NiCeOx (a-NiO/c-NiCeOx ) heterostructure is reported herein. The coordination geometry of the organic ligands plays a pivotal role in permitting the formation of coordination polymers with high Ni contents. This consequently provides an opportunity for enabling the supersaturation of Ni in the NiCeOx structure during annealing, leading to the endogenous spillover of Ni from the depths of NiCeOx to its surface. The resulting heterostructure, featuring strongly coupled amorphous NiO and crystalline NiCeOx , exhibits harmonious interactions in addition to low overpotentials and high catalytic stability in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Theoretical calculations prove that the amorphous-crystalline interfaces facilitate charge transfer, which plays a critical role in regulating the local electron density of the Ni sites, thereby promoting the adsorption of oxygen-based intermediates on the Ni sites and lowering the dissociation-related energy barriers. Overall, this study underscores the potential of coordinating different metal ions at the molecular level to advance amorphous-crystalline heterostructure design.

A Proximity-Dependent Biosensor System for Visualizing Cell-Cell Interactions Induced by Therapeutic Antibodies

Despite the promise of therapeutic antibodies in engaging the immune system to eliminate malignant cells, many aspects of the complex interplay between immune cells and cancer cells induced by antibody therapy remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to develop a biosensor system that can evaluate direct cell-cell physical contact and interactions between immune effector and target cells induced by therapeutic antibodies in physiologically relevant environments. The system uses two structural complementary luciferase units (SmBit and LgBit) expressed on the respective membranes of effector and target cells. Upon cell-cell contact, the two subunits form active NanoLuc, generating a luminescent signal, allowing for real-time monitoring of cell-cell interactions and quantitatively assessing the pharmacological effects of therapeutic antibodies. We optimized the system to ensure selectivity by adjusting the spacer lengths between two luciferase units to minimize interference from nonspecific intercellular contact. The system was applied to quantitatively monitor cell-cell interactions between NK and target cells induced by rituximab and between T and target cells induced by blinatumomab in a 3D cell culture system. The biosensor system has the potential to characterize antibody pharmacology through a deeper understanding of antibody-mediated cell-cell interactions.

MicroRNA-140-3p inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting MDIG

BACKGROUND

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cancer progression. MiR-140-3p is a tumor suppressor. Nevertheless, its function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear.

METHODS

MiR-140-3p expression in NSCLC clinical specimens was examined using the TCGA database and real-time PCR. NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated after the miRNA overexpression. Then, mineral dust-induced gene (MDIG) levels in NSCLC clinical specimens were monitored by real-time PCR and western blotting. Bioinformatics predicated the binding of miR-140-3p to MDIG, and their relationship was validated by luciferase reporter assay. The miR-140-3p/MDIG axis was further validated through rescue experiments. The involvement of STAT3 signaling in the actions of miR-140-3p/MDIG axis was investigated.

RESULTS

MiR-140-3p was decreased in NSCLC tissues and negatively correlated with MDIG expression. Additionally, it was also lower in high-grade specimens than in low-grade ones. MiR-140-3p restrained cell proliferation, facilitated apoptosis, and inhibited STAT3 signaling in NSCLC. Interestingly, MDIG was a target of this miRNA. Furthermore, MDIG upregulation abolished miR-140-3p's effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and STAT3 pathway in NSCLC cells.

CONCLUSION

MiR-140-3p restrained NSCLC development through the regulation of the STAT3 pathway by targeting MDIG. This axis may be a promising target for NSCLC treatment.

Enzymatic characterization and application of soybean hull peroxidase as an efficient and renewable biocatalyst for degradation of zearalenone

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a notorious mycotoxin commonly found in Fusarium-contaminated crops, which causes great loss in livestock farming and serious health problems to humans. In the present work, we found that crude peroxidase extraction from soybean hulls could use H2O2 as a co-substate to oxidize ZEN. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation also supported that ZEN could bind to the active site of soybean hull peroxidase (SHP). Subsequently, SHP extracted from soybean hulls was purified using a combined purification protocol involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The purified SHP showed wide pH resistance and high thermal stability. This peroxidase could degrade 95 % of ZEN in buffer with stepwise addition of 100 μM H2O2 in 1 h. The two main ZEN degradation products were identified as 13-OH-ZEN and 13-OH-ZEN-quinone. Moreover, SHP-catalyzed ZEN degradation products displayed much less cytotoxicity to human liver cells than ZEN. The application of SHP in various food matrices obtained 54 % to 85 % ZEN degradation. The findings in this study will promote the utilization of SHP as a cheap and renewable biocatalyst for degrading ZEN in food.

A novel method for simultaneously measuring boronophenylalanine uptake in brain tumor cells and number of cells using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) combines neutron irradiation with boron compounds that are selectively uptaken by tumor cells. Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is a boron compound used to treat malignant brain tumors. The determination of boron concentration in cells is of great relevance to the field of BNCT. This study was designed to develop a novel method for simultaneously measuring the uptake of BPA by U87 and U251 cells (two brain tumor cell lines) and number of cells using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results revealed a linear correlation between phosphorus intensity and the numbers of U87 and U251 cells, with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9995 and 0.9994, respectively. High accuracy and reliability of phosphorus concentration standard curve were also found. Using this new method, we found that BPA had no significant effect on phosphorus concentration in either U87 or U251 cells. However, BPA increased the boron concentration in U87 and U251 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the boron concentration in U87 cells being higher than that in U251 cells. In both U87 and U251 cells, boron was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, accounting for 85% and 13% of the total boron uptake by U87 cells and 86% and 11% of the total boron uptake by U251 cells, respectively. In the U87 and U251 cell-derived xenograft (CDX) animal model, tumor exhibited higher boron concentration values than blood, heart, liver, lung, and brain, with a tumor/blood ratio of 2.87 for U87 cells and 3.11 for U251 cells, respectively. These results suggest that the phosphorus concentration in U87 and U251 cells can represent the number of cells and BPA is easily uptaken by tumor cells as well as in tumor tissue.

Adaptive ultra-hypofractionated whole-pelvic radiotherapy in high-risk and very high-risk prostate cancer on 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac: Estimated delivered dose and early toxicity results

Background

Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy with whole-pelvic irradiation (UHF-WPRT) is a novel approach to radiotherapy for patients with high-risk (HR) and very high-risk (VHR) prostate cancer (PCa). However, the inherent complexity of adaptive UHF-WPRT might inevitably result in longer on-couch time. We aimed to estimate the delivered dose, study the feasibility and safety of adaptive UHF-WPRT on a 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac.

Methods

Ten patients with clinical stage T3a-4N0-1M0-1c PCa, who consecutively received UHF-WPRT, were enrolled prospectively. The contours of the target and organ-at-risks on the position verification-MR (PV-MR), beam-on 3D-MR(Bn-MR), and post-MR (after radiotherapy delivery) were derived from the pre-MR data by deformable image registration. The physician then manually adjusted them, and dose recalculation was performed accordingly. GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Prism Software Inc.) was utilized for conducting statistical analyses.

Results

In total, we collected 188 MR scans (50 pre-MR, 50 PV-MR, 44 Bn-MR, and 44 post-MR scans). With median 59 min, the mean prostate clinical target volume (CTV)-V100% was 98.59% ± 2.74%, and the mean pelvic CTVp-V100% relative percentages of all scans was 99.60% ± 1.18%. The median V29 Gy change in the rectal wall was -2% (-18% to 20%). With a median follow-up of 9 months, no patient had acute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 or more severe genitourinary (GU) or gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities (0%).

Conclusion

UHF-RT to the prostate and the whole pelvis with concomitant boost to positive nodes using an Adapt-To-Shape (ATS) workflow was technically feasible for patients with HR and VHR PCa, presenting only mild GU and GI toxicities. The estimated target dose during the beam-on phase was clinically acceptable based on the 3D-MR-based dosimetry analysis.

Clinical trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000033382.

Late-Onset Diffuse Lung Disease in an 8-Year-Old Girl

CASE PRESENTATION

An 8-year-old girl presented with a 34-day history of cough, fatigue, and impaired exercise tolerance. She experienced cyanosis on exertion but denied fever, hemoptysis, hematuria, or seizures. Her perinatal and family histories were unremarkable, and she had no history of exposure to TB. A chest radiogram from a local clinic showed diffuse pulmonary lesions. Tuberculin skin test, interferon-γ release assay, and HIV antibody test results were all negative. Immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subsets were normal. The patient did not respond to IV azithromycin for 1 week for community-acquired pneumonia. She was transferred to our hospital because of progressive respiratory distress and hypoxemia.

Genomic insight into the origin, domestication, dispersal, diversification and human selection of Tartary buckwheat

BACKGROUND

Tartary buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum, is a pseudocereal crop with worldwide distribution and high nutritional value. However, the origin and domestication history of this crop remain to be elucidated.

RESULTS

Here, by analyzing the population genomics of 567 accessions collected worldwide and reviewing historical documents, we find that Tartary buckwheat originated in the Himalayan region and then spread southwest possibly along with the migration of the Yi people, a minority in Southwestern China that has a long history of planting Tartary buckwheat. Along with the expansion of the Mongol Empire, Tartary buckwheat dispersed to Europe and ultimately to the rest of the world. The different natural growth environments resulted in adaptation, especially significant differences in salt tolerance between northern and southern Chinese Tartary buckwheat populations. By scanning for selective sweeps and using a genome-wide association study, we identify genes responsible for Tartary buckwheat domestication and differentiation, which we then experimentally validate. Comparative genomics and QTL analysis further shed light on the genetic foundation of the easily dehulled trait in a particular variety that was artificially selected by the Wa people, a minority group in Southwestern China known for cultivating Tartary buckwheat specifically for steaming as a staple food to prevent lysine deficiency.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides both comprehensive insights into the origin and domestication of, and a foundation for molecular breeding for, Tartary buckwheat.

[Observation of the consistency between intellectualized and manual-based cognitive assessment tools in the outpatient clinic]

Objective: The intellectualized versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) (i-MoCA/i-MMSE) were developed. The validity of this system was evaluated in a clinical sample through comparing with the manual-based assessments. Methods: A total of 88 patients [aged (66.82±11.37) years, 30 males and 58 females] were enrolled in the outpatient clinic of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University with complaints of cognitive decline, from February to October 2023. All participants completed manual-based and intellectualized assessments in a randomized order, with an interval of 2 weeks to control for the practice effect. The reliability of the intellectualized version of assessments was evaluated based on the manual-based version using the Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The difference between the intellectualized and the manual-based assessments was tested by the Repeated ANCOVA with demographic information controlled. The accuracy of evaluation of the i-MoCA and i-MMSE was analyzed by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: High concordance was observed between the intellectualized version and the manual-based assessments (CCCMoCA=0.87, CCCMMSE=0.83). Controlling for basic demographic information, there was no significant difference in the scores of the intellectualized version and the manual-based assessments (all P>0.05). The accuracy of i-MoCA in screening patients with cognitive impairment was 94.3% (sensitivity=94.6%, specificity=78.1%), while the accuracy of i-MMSE in screening patients with cognitive impairment was 94.9% (sensitivity=94.9%, specificity=77.6%). In addition, the majority of subdomains measured by the cognitive assessments exhibited high consistency across the intellectualized the manual-based versions (CCCMoCA=0.32-0.78; CCCMMSE=0.54-0.79). Conclusion: Both the i-MoCA and i-MMSE showed high consistency and diagnostic accuracy with the manual-based versions in terms of overall cognitive function and subdomains.

Application Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Organoids and Cell Therapy

Since its inception, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been hailed as a powerful tool for comprehending disease etiology and advancing drug screening across various domains. While earlier iPSC-based disease modeling and drug assessment primarily operated at the cellular level, recent years have witnessed a significant shift towards organoid-based investigations. Organoids derived from iPSCs offer distinct advantages, particularly in enabling the observation of disease progression and drug metabolism in an in vivo-like environment, surpassing the capabilities of iPSC-derived cells. Furthermore, iPSC-based cell therapy has emerged as a focal point of clinical interest. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of non-integrative reprogramming methods that have evolved since the inception of iPSC technology. We also deliver a comprehensive examination of iPSC-derived organoids, spanning the realms of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and oncology, as well as systematically elucidate recent advancements in iPSC-related cell therapies.

Phase Control and Singlet Energy Transfer Enabled by Trimethylamine Modified Boron Dipyrromethene for Stable CsPbBr3 Quantum Wells

The phase distribution and organic spacer cations play pivotal roles in determining the emission performance and stability of perovskite quantum wells (QWs). Here, we propose a universal molecular regulation strategy to tailor phase distribution and enhance the stability of CsPbBr3 QWs. The capability of sterically hindered ligands with formidable surface binding groups is underscored in directing CsPbBr3 growth and refining phase distribution. With trimethylamine modified boron dipyrromethene (BDP-TMA) ligand as a representative, the BDP-TMA driven can precisely control phase distribution and passivate defects of CsPbBr3 . Notably, BDP-TMA acts as a co-spacer organic entity in obtained BDP-TMA-CsPbBr3 , facilitating efficient singlet energy transfer and tailoring the luminescence to produce a distinctive bluish-white emission. The BDP-TMA-CsPbBr3 demonstrates significant phase stability under water exposure, light irradiation, and moderate temperature. Interestingly, BDP-TMA-CsPbBr3 exhibits the thermally-induced dynamic fluorescence control at elevated temperatures, which can be achieved feasible for advanced information encryption. This discovery paves the way for the exploration of perovskite QWs in applications like temperature sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and other advanced optical smart technologies.

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with CKD progression and estimated glomerular filtration rate in the American CKD population: A cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

The number of CKD patients is on the rise worldwide, and diet has become an essential aspect influencing the treatment and prognosis of CKD. However, limited research has explored the association of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with CKD progression and the essential kidney function indicator, eGFR, in CKD patients. This study aimed to analyze the association between DII and CKD progression and eGFR in the US CKD population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

METHODS

This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2018, with a total sample size of 2,488 individuals. Study used multiple imputation, based on 5 replications and a chained equation approach method in the R MI procedure, to account for missing data. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between DII and the risk of higher CKD stage and a weighted multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between DII and eGFR. Weighted Generalized Additive Models and smoothed curve fitting were applied to detect potential non-linear relationships in this association.

RESULTS

In all three models, it was found that DII was positively associated with the risk of higher CKD stage (P < 0.0001), and an increase in DII was associated with a decrease in eGFR (P < 0.0001). The trend across quartiles of DII remained statistically significant, revealing a gradual elevation in higher CKD stage risk and reduction in eGFR levels for the second, third, and fourth quartiles compared to the lowest quartile (P for trend < 0.0001). Upon adjusting for age, gender, race, education level, poverty income ratio (PIR), marital status, body mass index (BMI), metabolic equivalent (MET) score, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, cotinine, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total triglycerides, and total cholesterol, we found a positive correlation between DII and the risk of higher CKD stage (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14-1.40). Further investigation revealed that an increase in DII was associated with a decrease in eGFR (β = -1.29, 95% CI: -1.75, -0.83). Smooth curves illustrated a non-linear positive correlation between DII and CKD risk, while a non-linear negative correlation was observed between DII and eGFR.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study results indicate that an increase in DII is associated with an increased risk of higher CKD stage and a decrease in eGFR in all three models. In the fully adjusted model, the risk of higher CKD stage increased by 26% and the eGFR decreased by 1.29 ml/min/1.73 m2 for each unit increase in DII. This finding suggests that in patients with CKD in the US, improved diet and lower DII values may help slow the decline in eGFR and delay the progression of CKD.

Drug-eluting stents for coronary artery disease in the perspective of bibliometric analysis

Drug-eluting stents (DES) play a crucial role in treating coronary artery disease (CAD) by preventing restenosis. These stents are coated with drug carriers that release antiproliferative drugs within the vessel. Over the past two decades, DES have been employed in clinical practice using various materials, polymers, and drug types. Despite optimizations in their design and materials to enhance biocompatibility and antithrombotic properties, evaluating their long-term efficacy and safety necessitates improved clinical follow-up and monitoring. To delineate future research directions, this study employs a bibliometric analysis approach. We comprehensively surveyed two decades' worth of literature on DES for CAD using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Out of 5,778 articles, we meticulously screened them based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, we conducted an in-depth analysis encompassing annual publication trends, authorship affiliations, journal affiliations, keywords, and more. Employing tools such as Excel 2021, CiteSpace 6.2R3, VOSviewer 1.6.19, and Pajek 5.17, we harnessed bibliometric methods to derive insights from this corpus. Analysis of annual publication data indicates a recent stabilisation or even a downward trend in research output in this area. The United States emerged as the leading contributor, with Columbia University and CRF at the forefront in both publication output and citation impact. The most cited document pertained to standardized definitions for clinical endpoints in coronary stent trials. Our author analysis identifies Patrick W. Serruys as the most prolific contributor, underscoring a dynamic exchange of knowledge within the field.Moreover, the dual chart overlay illustrates a close interrelation between journals in the "Medicine," "Medical," and "Clinical" domains and those in "Health," "Nursing," and "Medicine." Frequently recurring keywords in this research landscape include DES coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantation, and restenosis. This study presents a comprehensive panorama encompassing countries, research institutions, journals, keyword distributions, and contributions within the realm of DES therapy for CAD. By highlighting keywords exhibiting recent surges in frequency, we elucidate current research hotspots and frontiers, thereby furnishing novel insights to guide future researchers in this evolving field.

Sex estimation using maxillary sinus volume for Chinese subjects based on cone-beam computed tomography

BACKGROUND

Sex estimate is a key stage in forensic science for identifying individuals. Some anatomical structures may be useful for sex estimation since they retain their integrity even after highly severe events. However, few studies are focusing on the Chinese population. Some researchers used teeth for sex estimation, but comparison with maxillary sinus were lack. As a result, the objective of this research is to develop a sex estimation formula for the northwestern Chinese population by the volume of the maxillary sinus and compare with the accuracy of sex estimation based on teeth through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODS

CBCT images from 349 samples were used to establish and verify the formula. The volume of both the left and right maxillary sinuses was measured and examined for appropriate formula coefficients. To create the formula, we randomly picked 80% of the data as the training set and 20% of the samples as the testing set. Another set of samples, including 20 males and 20 females, were used to compare the accuracy of maxillary sinuses and teeth.

RESULTS

Overall, sex estimation accuracy by volume of the left maxillary sinus can reach 78.57%, while by the volume of the right maxillary sinus can reach 74.29%. The accuracy for females, which can reach 91.43% using the left maxillary sinus, was significantly higher than that for males, which was 65.71%. The result also shows that maxillary sinus volume was higher in males. The comparison with the available results using measurements of teeth for sex estimation performed by our group showed that the accuracy of sex estimation using canines volume was higher than the one using maxillary sinus volume, the accuracies based on mesiodistal diameter of canine and first molar were the same or lower than the volume of maxillary sinus.

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrates that measurement of maxillary sinus volume based on CBCT scans was an available and alternative method for sex estimation. And we established a method to accurately assess the sex of the northwest Chinese population. The comparison with the results of teeth measurements made the conclusion more reliable.

Bacillus velezensis promotes the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria and influences the fermentation quality of whole-plant corn silage

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of a Bacillus velezensis (BV) strain on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and determine its influence on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of silage.

Methods

Flat colony counting method was used to evaluate the effect of BV on the growth of LAB. Freshly harvested whole-plant corn was inoculated separately with BV and L. plantarum (LP), along with an uninoculated control group (CK), and assessed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, and 30 days of ensiling.

Results

The results indicated that BV exhibited a proliferative effect on Weissella confusa, Lactobacillus plantarum L-2, and Pediococcus pentosaceus. And exhibited a more rapid pH reduction in BV-inoculated silage compared with that in CK and LP-inoculated silage during the initial stage of ensiling. Throughout ensiling, the BV and LP experimental groups showed enhanced silage fermentation quality over CK. Additionally, relative to LP-inoculated silage, BV-inoculated silage displayed reduced pH and propionic acid. BV also prolonged aerobic stability under aerobic conditions. The microbial community in BV-inoculated silage showed greater stability than that in LP-inoculated silage. Additionally, Firmicutes and Lactobacillus exhibited more rapid elevation initially in BV versus LP-inoculated silage, but reached comparable levels between the two inoculation groups in the later stage.

Conclusion

In summary, BV enhanced the efficacy and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage fermentation by stimulating LAB proliferation.

Rapid and high-purity differentiation of human medium spiny neurons reveals LMNB1 hypofunction and subtype necessity in modeling Huntington's disease

BACKGROUND

Different neural subtypes are selectively lost in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor abnormalities that primarily affect the striatum. The Huntingtin (HTT) mutation involves an expanded CAG repeat, leading to insoluble polyQ, which renders GABA+ medium spiny neurons (MSN) more venerable to cell death. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) technology allows for the construction of disease-specific models, providing valuable cellular models for studying pathogenesis, drug screening, and high-throughput analysis.

METHODS

In this study, we established a method that allows for rapid and efficient generation of MSNs (> 90%) within 21 days from hPSC-derived neural progenitor cells, by introducing a specific combination of transcription factors.

RESULTS

We efficiently induced several neural subtypes, in parallel, based on the same cell source, and revealed that, compared to other neural subtypes, MSNs exhibited higher polyQ aggregation propensity and overexpression toxicity, more severe dysfunction in BDNF/TrkB signaling, greater susceptibility to BDNF withdrawal, and more severe disturbances in nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT). We further found that the nuclear lamina protein LMNB1 was greatly reduced in HD neurons and mislocalized to the cytoplasm and axons. Knockdown of HTT or treatment with KPT335, an orally selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), effectively attenuated the pathological phenotypes and alleviated neuronal death caused by BDNF withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONS

This study thus establishes an effective method for obtaining MSNs and underscores the necessity of using high-purity MSNs to study HD pathogenesis, especially the MSN-selective vulnerability.

A highly accurate and semi-automated method for quantifying spherical microplastics based on digital slide scanners and image processing

Microplastics (MPs), the emerging pollutants appeared in water environment, have grabbed significant attention from researchers. The quantitative method of spherical MPs is the premise and key for the study of MPs in laboratory researches. However, the manual counting is time-consuming, and the existing semi-automated analysis lacked of robustness. In this study, a highly accurate quantification method for spherical MPs, called VS120-MC was proposed. VS120-MC consisted of the digital slide scanner VS120 and the MPs image processing software, MPs-Counter. The full-area scanning photography was employed to fundamentally avoid the error caused by random or partition sampling modes. To accomplish high-performance batch recognition, the Weak-Circle Elimination Algorithm (WEA) and the Variable Coefficient Threshold (VCT) was developed. Finally, lower than 0.6% recognition error rate of simulated images with different aggregated indices was achieved by MPs-Counter with fast processing speed (about 2 s/image). The smallest size for VS120-MC to detect was 1 μm. And the applicability of VS120-MC in real water body was investigated. The measured value of 1 μm spherical MPs in ultra-pure water and two kinds of polluted water after digestion showed a good linear relationship with the Manual measurements (R2 = 0.982,0.987 and 0.978, respectively). For 10 μm spherical MPs, R2 reached 0.988 for ultra-pure water and 0.984 for both of the polluted water. MPs-Counter also showed robustness when using the same set of parameters processing the images with different conditions. Overall, VS120-MC eliminated the error caused by traditional photography and realized an accurate, efficient, stable image processing tool, providing a reliable alternative for the quantification of spherical MPs.