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Neyens DM, Brenner L, Calkins R, Winzenried ET, Ritter RC, Appleyard SM. CCK-sensitive C fibers activate NTS leptin receptor-expressing neurons via NMDA receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R383-R400. [PMID: 38105761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00238.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The hormone leptin reduces food intake through actions in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including in the hindbrain nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The NTS receives viscerosensory information via vagal afferents, including information from the gastrointestinal tract, which is then relayed to other central nervous system (CNS) sites critical for control of food intake. Leptin receptors (lepRs) are expressed by a subpopulation of NTS neurons, and knockdown of these receptors increases both food intake and body weight. Recently, we demonstrated that leptin increases vagal activation of lepR-expressing neurons via increased NMDA receptor (NMDAR) currents, thereby potentiating vagally evoked firing. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of these neurons was recently shown to inhibit food intake. However, the vagal inputs these neurons receive had not been characterized. Here we performed whole cell recordings in brain slices taken from lepRCre × floxedTdTomato mice and found that lepR neurons of the NTS are directly activated by monosynaptic inputs from C-type afferents sensitive to the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin. CCK administered onto NTS slices stimulated spontaneous glutamate release onto lepR neurons and induced action potential firing, an effect mediated by CCKR1. Interestingly, NMDAR activation contributed to the current carried by spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and enhanced CCK-induced firing. Peripheral CCK also increased c-fos expression in these neurons, suggesting they are activated by CCK-sensitive vagal afferents in vivo. Our results indicate that the majority of NTS lepR neurons receive direct inputs from CCK-sensitive C vagal-type afferents, with both peripheral and central CCK capable of activating these neurons and NMDARs able to potentiate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Neyens
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Lynne Brenner
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Rowan Calkins
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Eric T Winzenried
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Robert C Ritter
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Suzanne M Appleyard
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
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McConnell BB, Liang Z, Xu C, Han Y, Yun CC. LPA 5-Dependent Signaling Regulates Regeneration of the Intestinal Epithelium Following Irradiation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38593468 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00269.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid molecule that regulates a wide array of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival, via activation of cognate receptors. The LPA5 receptor is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but its function in restoring intestinal epithelial integrity following injury has not been examined. Here, we use a radiation-induced injury model to study the role of LPA5 in regulating intestinal epithelial regeneration. Control mice (Lpar5f/f) and mice with an inducible, epithelial cell-specific deletion of Lpar5 in the small intestine (Lpar5IECKO) were subjected to 10 Gy total body X-ray irradiation and analyzed during recovery. Repair of the intestinal mucosa was delayed in Lpar5IECKO mice, with reduced epithelial proliferation and increased crypt cell apoptosis. These effects were accompanied by reduced numbers of OLFM4+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The effects of LPA5 on ISCs were corroborated by studies using organoids derived from Lgr5-lineage tracking reporter mice with deletion of Lpar5 in Lgr5+-stem cells (Lgr5Cont or Lgr5ΔLpar5). Irradiation of organoids resulted in fewer numbers of Lgr5ΔLpar5 organoids retaining Lgr5+-derived progenitor cells compared to Lgr5Cont organoids. Finally, we observed that impaired regeneration in Lpar5IECKO mice was associated with reduced numbers of Paneth cells and decreased expression of YAP, a critical factor for intestinal epithelial repair. Our study highlights a novel role for LPA5 in regeneration of the intestinal epithelium following irradiation and its effect on the maintenance of Paneth cells that support the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth B McConnell
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Chad Xu
- Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yiran Han
- Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - C Chris Yun
- Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Kim J, Bury MI, Kwon K, Yoo JY, Halstead NV, Shin HS, Li S, Won SM, Seo MH, Wu Y, Park DY, Kini M, Kwak JW, Madhvapathy SR, Ciatti JL, Lee JH, Kim S, Ryu H, Yamagishi K, Yoon HJ, Kwak SS, Kim B, Huang Y, Halliday LC, Cheng EY, Ameer GA, Sharma AK, Rogers JA. A wireless, implantable bioelectronic system for monitoring urinary bladder function following surgical recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400868121. [PMID: 38547066 PMCID: PMC10998577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400868121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial cystectomy procedures for urinary bladder-related dysfunction involve long recovery periods, during which urodynamic studies (UDS) intermittently assess lower urinary tract function. However, UDS are not patient-friendly, they exhibit user-to-user variability, and they amount to snapshots in time, limiting the ability to collect continuous, longitudinal data. These procedures also pose the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, which can progress to ascending pyelonephritis due to prolonged lower tract manipulation in high-risk patients. Here, we introduce a fully bladder-implantable platform that allows for continuous, real-time measurements of changes in mechanical strain associated with bladder filling and emptying via wireless telemetry, including a wireless bioresorbable strain gauge validated in a benchtop partial cystectomy model. We demonstrate that this system can reproducibly measure real-time changes in a rodent model up to 30 d postimplantation with minimal foreign body response. Studies in a nonhuman primate partial cystectomy model demonstrate concordance of pressure measurements up to 8 wk compared with traditional UDS. These results suggest that our system can be used as a suitable alternative to UDS for long-term postoperative bladder recovery monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew I. Bury
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16417, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadia V. Halstead
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Shupeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunyun Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Do Yun Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mitali Kini
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Jean Won Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Surabhi R. Madhvapathy
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Joanna L. Ciatti
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kento Yamagishi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Bionics Research Center of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Lisa C. Halliday
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Earl Y. Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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Shang KM, Kato H, Gonzalez N, Kandeel F, Tai YC, Komatsu H. A novel approach to determine the critical survival threshold of cellular oxygen within spheroids via integrating live/dead cell imaging with oxygen modeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1262-C1271. [PMID: 38497111 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00024.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Defining the oxygen level that induces cell death within 3-D tissues is vital for understanding tissue hypoxia; however, obtaining accurate measurements has been technically challenging. In this study, we introduce a noninvasive, high-throughput methodology to quantify critical survival partial oxygen pressure (pO2) with high spatial resolution within spheroids by using a combination of controlled hypoxic conditions, semiautomated live/dead cell imaging, and computational oxygen modeling. The oxygen-permeable, micropyramid patterned culture plates created a precisely controlled oxygen condition around the individual spheroid. Live/dead cell imaging provided the geometric information of the live/dead boundary within spheroids. Finally, computational oxygen modeling calculated the pO2 at the live/dead boundary within spheroids. As proof of concept, we determined the critical survival pO2 in two types of spheroids: isolated primary pancreatic islets and tumor-derived pseudoislets (2.43 ± 0.08 vs. 0.84 ± 0.04 mmHg), indicating higher hypoxia tolerance in pseudoislets due to their tumorigenic origin. We also applied this method for evaluating graft survival in cell transplantations for diabetes therapy, where hypoxia is a critical barrier to successful transplantation outcomes; thus, designing oxygenation strategies is required. Based on the elucidated critical survival pO2, 100% viability could be maintained in a typically sized primary islet under the tissue pO2 above 14.5 mmHg. This work presents a valuable tool that is potentially instrumental for fundamental hypoxia research. It offers insights into physiological responses to hypoxia among different cell types and may refine translational research in cell therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study introduces an innovative combinatory approach for noninvasively determining the critical survival oxygen level of cells within small cell spheroids, which replicates a 3-D tissue environment, by seamlessly integrating three pivotal techniques: cell death induction under controlled oxygen conditions, semiautomated imaging that precisely identifies live/dead cells, and computational modeling of oxygen distribution. Notably, our method ensures high-throughput analysis applicable to various cell types, offering a versatile solution for researchers in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ming Shang
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Yu-Chong Tai
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
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Wang L, Wang J, Feng D, Wang B, Jahan-Mihan Y, Wang Y, Bi Y, Lim D, Ji B. A simple and effective genotyping workflow for rapid detection of CRISPR genome editing. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G473-G481. [PMID: 38410866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models play a pivotal role in the modeling of diseases, exploration of gene functions, and the development of novel therapies. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing technology has revolutionized the process of developing such models by enabling precise genome modifications of the multiple interested genes simultaneously. Following genome editing, an efficient genotyping methodology is crucial for subsequent characterization. However, current genotyping methods are laborious, time-consuming, and costly. Here, using targeting the mouse trypsinogen genes as an example, we introduced common applications of CRISPR-Cas9 editing and a streamlined cost-effective genotyping workflow for CRISPR-edited mouse models, in which Sanger sequencing is required only at the initial steps. In the F0 mice, we focused on identifying the presence of positive editing by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing without the need to know the exact sequences, simplifying the initial screening. In the F1 mice, Sanger sequencing and algorithms decoding were used to identify the precise editing. Once the edited sequence was established, a simple and effective genotyping strategy was established to distinguish homozygous and heterozygous status by PCR from tail DNA. The genotyping workflow applies to deletions as small as one nucleotide, multiple-gene knockout, and knockin studies. This simplified, efficient, and cost-effective genotyping shall be instructive to new investigators who are unfamiliar with characterizing CRISPR-Cas9-edited mouse strains.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study presents a streamlined, cost-effective genotyping workflow for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) edited mouse models, focusing on trypsinogen genes. It simplifies initial F0 mouse screening using PCR and Sanger sequencing without needing exact sequences. For F1 mice, precise editing is identified through Sanger sequencing and algorithm decoding. The workflow includes a novel PCR strategy for distinguishing homozygous and heterozygous statuses in subsequent generations, effective for small deletions, multiple-gene knockouts, and knockins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Dongfeng Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Yasmin Jahan-Mihan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - DoYoung Lim
- The Transgenic and Knockout Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
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Costanzo A, Clarke D, Holt M, Sharma S, Nagy K, Tan X, Kain L, Abe B, Luce S, Boitard C, Wyseure T, Mosnier LO, Su AI, Grimes C, Finn MG, Savage PB, Gottschalk M, Pettus J, Teyton L. Repositioning the Early Pathology of Type 1 Diabetes to the Extraislet Vasculature. J Immunol 2024; 212:1094-1104. [PMID: 38426888 PMCID: PMC10944819 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prototypic T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Because the islets of Langerhans are insulated from blood vessels by a double basement membrane and lack detectable lymphatic drainage, interactions between endocrine and circulating T cells are not permitted. Thus, we hypothesized that initiation and progression of anti-islet immunity required islet neolymphangiogenesis to allow T cell access to the islet. Combining microscopy and single cell approaches, the timing of this phenomenon in mice was situated between 5 and 8 wk of age when activated anti-insulin CD4 T cells became detectable in peripheral blood while peri-islet pathology developed. This "peri-insulitis," dominated by CD4 T cells, respected the islet basement membrane and was limited on the outside by lymphatic endothelial cells that gave it the attributes of a tertiary lymphoid structure. As in most tissues, lymphangiogenesis seemed to be secondary to local segmental endothelial inflammation at the collecting postcapillary venule. In addition to classic markers of inflammation such as CD29, V-CAM, and NOS, MHC class II molecules were expressed by nonhematopoietic cells in the same location both in mouse and human islets. This CD45- MHC class II+ cell population was capable of spontaneously presenting islet Ags to CD4 T cells. Altogether, these observations favor an alternative model for the initiation of T1D, outside of the islet, in which a vascular-associated cell appears to be an important MHC class II-expressing and -presenting cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Costanzo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Don Clarke
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Marie Holt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kenna Nagy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xuqian Tan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa Kain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brian Abe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Tine Wyseure
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laurent O. Mosnier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrew I. Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Catherine Grimes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Paul B. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Michael Gottschalk
- Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeremy Pettus
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Karbelkar AA, Font M, Smith TJ, Sondermann H, O’Toole GA. Reconstitution of a biofilm adhesin system from a sulfate-reducing bacterium in Pseudomonas fluorescens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320410121. [PMID: 38498718 PMCID: PMC10990149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320410121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) like Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) can facilitate metal corrosion in various industrial and environmental settings leading to substantial economic losses. Although the mechanisms of biofilm formation by DvH are not yet well understood, recent studies indicate the large adhesin, DvhA, is a key determinant of biofilm formation. The dvhA gene neighborhood resembles the biofilm-regulating Lap system of Pseudomonas fluorescens but is curiously missing the c-di-GMP-binding regulator LapD. Instead, DvH encodes an evolutionarily unrelated c-di-GMP-binding protein (DVU1020) that we hypothesized is functionally analogous to LapD. To study this unusual Lap system and overcome experimental limitations with the slow-growing anaerobe DvH, we reconstituted its predicted SRB Lap system in a P. fluorescens strain lacking its native Lap regulatory components (ΔlapGΔlapD). Our data support the model that DvhA is a cell surface-associated LapA-like adhesin with a N-terminal "retention module" and that DvhA is released from the cell surface upon cleavage by the LapG-like protease DvhG. Further, we demonstrate DVU1020 (named here DvhD) represents a distinct class of c-di-GMP-binding, biofilm-regulating proteins that regulates DvhG activity in response to intracellular levels of this second messenger. This study provides insight into the key players responsible for biofilm formation by DvH, thereby expanding our understanding of Lap-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta A. Karbelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH03755
| | - Maria Font
- CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Jarrod Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH03755
| | - Holger Sondermann
- CSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607Hamburg, Germany
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH03755
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8
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Das A, Cheng H, Wang Y, Kinch LN, Liang G, Hong S, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC. The ubiquitin E3 ligase BFAR promotes degradation of PNPLA3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312291121. [PMID: 38294943 PMCID: PMC10861911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312291121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A missense variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 [PNPLA3(I148M)] is the most impactful genetic risk factor for fatty liver disease (FLD). We previously showed that PNPLA3 is ubiquitylated and subsequently degraded by proteasomes and autophagosomes and that the PNPLA3(148M) variant interferes with this process. To define the machinery responsible for PNPLA3 turnover, we used small interfering (si)RNAs to inactivate components of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Inactivation of bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR), a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase, reproducibly increased PNPLA3 levels in two lines of cultured hepatocytes. Conversely, overexpression of BFAR decreased levels of endogenous PNPLA3 in HuH7 cells. BFAR and PNPLA3 co-immunoprecipitated when co-expressed in cells. BFAR promoted ubiquitylation of PNPLA3 in vitro in a reconstitution assay using purified, epitope-tagged recombinant proteins. To confirm that BFAR targets PNPLA3, we inactivated Bfar in mice. Levels of PNPLA3 protein were increased twofold in hepatic lipid droplets of Bfar-/- mice with no associated increase in PNPLA3 mRNA levels. Taken together these data are consistent with a model in which BFAR plays a role in the post-translational degradation of PNPLA3. The identification of BFAR provides a potential target to enhance PNPLA3 turnover and prevent FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avash Das
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Haili Cheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Lisa N. Kinch
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Sen Hong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Helen H. Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- HHMI, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Jonathan C. Cohen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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9
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Haller M, Yin Y, Haller G, Li T, Li Q, Lamb LE, Ma L. Streamlined identification of clinically and functionally relevant genetic regulators of lower-tract urogenital development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309466121. [PMID: 38300866 PMCID: PMC10861909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309466121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the lower genitourinary (LGU) tract are frequently comorbid due to genetically linked developmental pathways, and are among the most common yet most socially stigmatized congenital phenotypes. Genes involved in sexual differentiation are prime candidates for developmental anomalies of multiple LGU organs, but insufficient prospective screening tools have prevented the rapid identification of causative genes. Androgen signaling is among the most influential modulators of LGU development. The present study uses SpDamID technology in vivo to generate a comprehensive map of the pathways actively regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) in the genitalia in the presence of the p300 coactivator, identifying wingless/integrated (WNT) signaling as a highly enriched AR-regulated pathway in the genitalia. Transcription factor (TF) hits were then assayed for sexually dimorphic expression at two critical time points and also cross-referenced to a database of clinically relevant copy number variations to identify 252 TFs exhibiting copy variation in patients with LGU phenotypes. A subset of 54 TFs was identified for which LGU phenotypes are statistically overrepresented as a proportion of total observed phenotypes. The 252 TF hitlist was then subjected to a functional screen to identify hits whose silencing affects genital mesenchymal growth rates. Overlap of these datasets results in a refined list of 133 TFs of both functional and clinical relevance to LGU development, 31 of which are top priority candidates, including the well-documented renal progenitor regulator, Sall1. Loss of Sall1 was examined in vivo and confirmed to be a powerful regulator of LGU development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meade Haller
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Yan Yin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Gabe Haller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Tian Li
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Qiufang Li
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Laura E. Lamb
- Department of Urology, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI48309
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
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10
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Guo T, Liu J, Chen L, Bian Z, Zheng G, Feng B. Sex differences in zymosan-induced behavioral visceral hypersensitivity and colorectal afferent sensitization. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G133-G146. [PMID: 38050686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00081.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in visceral nociception have been reported in clinical and preclinical studies, but the potential differences in sensory neural encoding of the colorectum between males and females are not well understood. In this study, we systematically assessed sex differences in colorectal neural encoding by conducting high-throughput optical recordings in intact dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from control and visceral hypersensitive mice. We found an apparent sex difference in zymosan-induced behavioral visceral hypersensitivity: enhanced visceromotor responses to colorectal distension were observed only in male mice, not in female mice. In addition, a higher number of mechanosensitive colorectal afferents were identified per mouse in the zymosan-treated male group than in the saline-treated male group, whereas the mechanosensitive afferents identified per mouse were comparable between the zymosan- and saline-treated female groups. The increased number of identified afferents in zymosan-treated male mice was predominantly from thoracolumbar (TL) innervation, which agrees with the significant increase in the TL afferent proportion in the zymosan group as compared with the control group in male mice. In contrast, female mice showed no difference in the proportion of colorectal neurons between saline- and zymosan-treated groups. Our results revealed a significant sex difference in colorectal afferent innervation and sensitization in the context of behavioral visceral hypersensitivity, which could drive differential clinical symptoms in male and female patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used high-throughput GCaMP6f recordings to study 2,275 mechanosensitive colorectal afferents in mice. Our results revealed significant sex differences in the zymosan-induced behavioral visceral hypersensitivity, which were present in male but not female mice. Male mice also showed sensitization of colorectal afferents in the thoracolumbar pathway, whereas female mice did not. These findings highlight sex differences in sensory neural anatomy and function of the colorectum, with implications for sex-specific therapies for treating visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Longtu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Zichao Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Guoan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
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11
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Ceglowski J, Hoffman HK, Neumann AJ, Hoff KJ, McCurdy BL, Moore JK, Prekeris R. TTLL12 is required for primary ciliary axoneme formation in polarized epithelial cells. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:198-227. [PMID: 38177908 PMCID: PMC10883266 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a critical sensory organelle that is built of axonemal microtubules ensheathed by a ciliary membrane. In polarized epithelial cells, primary cilia reside on the apical surface and must extend these microtubules directly into the extracellular space and remain a stable structure. However, the factors regulating cross-talk between ciliation and cell polarization, as well as axonemal microtubule growth and stabilization in polarized epithelia, are not fully understood. In this study, we find TTLL12, a previously uncharacterized member of the Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase-Like (TTLL) family, localizes to the base of primary cilia and is required for cilia formation in polarized renal epithelial cells. We also show that TTLL12 directly binds to the α/β-tubulin heterodimer in vitro and regulates microtubule dynamics, stability, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). While all other TTLLs catalyze the addition of glutamate or glycine to microtubule C-terminal tails, TTLL12 uniquely affects tubulin PTMs by promoting both microtubule lysine acetylation and arginine methylation. Together, this work identifies a novel microtubule regulator and provides insight into the requirements for apical extracellular axoneme formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ceglowski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA
| | - Huxley K Hoffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA
| | - Andrew J Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA
| | - Katie J Hoff
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA
| | - Bailey L McCurdy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80015, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
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13
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Zsombok A, Desmoulins LD, Derbenev AV. Sympathetic circuits regulating hepatic glucose metabolism: where we stand. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:85-101. [PMID: 37440208 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, continues to increase worldwide. Although newer and more advanced therapies are available, current treatments are still inadequate and the search for solutions remains. The regulation of energy homeostasis, including glucose metabolism, involves an exchange of information between the nervous systems and peripheral organs and tissues; therefore, developing treatments to alter central and/or peripheral neural pathways could be an alternative solution to modulate whole body metabolism. Liver glucose production and storage are major mechanisms controlling glycemia, and the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of hepatic functions. Autonomic nervous system imbalance contributes to excessive hepatic glucose production and thus to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At cellular levels, change in neuronal activity is one of the underlying mechanisms of autonomic imbalance; therefore, modulation of the excitability of neurons involved in autonomic outflow governance has the potential to improve glycemic status. Tissue-specific subsets of preautonomic neurons differentially control autonomic outflow; therefore, detailed information about neural circuits and properties of liver-related neurons is necessary for the development of strategies to regulate liver functions via the autonomic nerves. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the hypothalamus-ventral brainstem-liver pathway involved in the sympathetic regulation of the liver, outlines strategies to identify organ-related neurons, and summarizes neuronal plasticity during diabetic conditions with a particular focus on liver-related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Lucie D Desmoulins
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Andrei V Derbenev
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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14
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Chen M, Shin M, Ware TB, Donvito G, Muchhala KH, Mischel R, Mustafa MA, Serbulea V, Upchurch CM, Leitinger N, Akbarali HI, Lichtman AH, Hsu KL. Endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzymes regulate pain response via LKB1-AMPK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304900120. [PMID: 38109529 PMCID: PMC10756258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol lipase-beta (DAGLβ) serves as a principal 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) biosynthetic enzyme regulating endocannabinoid and eicosanoid metabolism in immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of DAGLβ ameliorates inflammation and hyper-nociception in preclinical models of pathogenic pain. These beneficial effects have been assigned principally to reductions in downstream proinflammatory lipid signaling, leaving alternative mechanisms of regulation largely underexplored. Here, we apply quantitative chemical- and phospho-proteomics to find that disruption of DAGLβ in primary macrophages leads to LKB1-AMPK signaling activation, resulting in reprogramming of the phosphoproteome and bioenergetics. Notably, AMPK inhibition reversed the antinociceptive effects of DAGLβ blockade, thereby directly supporting DAGLβ-AMPK crosstalk in vivo. Our findings uncover signaling between endocannabinoid biosynthetic enzymes and ancient energy-sensing kinases to mediate cell biological and pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Myungsun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Timothy B. Ware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Karan H. Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Ryan Mischel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Mohammed A. Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Clint M. Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA22908
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22908
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22903
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15
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Ulezko Antonova A, Lonardi S, Monti M, Missale F, Fan C, Coates ML, Bugatti M, Jaeger N, Fernandes Rodrigues P, Brioschi S, Trsan T, Fachi JL, Nguyen KM, Nunley RM, Moratto D, Zini S, Kong L, Deguine J, Peeples ME, Xavier RJ, Clatworthy MR, Wang T, Cella M, Vermi W, Colonna M. A distinct human cell type expressing MHCII and RORγt with dual characteristics of dendritic cells and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2318710120. [PMID: 38109523 PMCID: PMC10756205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318710120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have characterized various mouse antigen-presenting cells (APCs) expressing the lymphoid-lineage transcription factor RORγt (Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t), which exhibit distinct phenotypic features and are implicated in the induction of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune tolerance to microbiota and self-antigens. These APCs encompass Janus cells and Thetis cell subsets, some of which express the AutoImmune REgulator (AIRE). RORγt+ MHCII+ type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have also been implicated in the instruction of microbiota-specific Tregs. While RORγt+ APCs have been actively investigated in mice, the identity and function of these cell subsets in humans remain elusive. Herein, we identify a rare subset of RORγt+ cells with dendritic cell (DC) features through integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell ATAC sequencing. These cells, which we term RORγt+ DC-like cells (R-DC-like), exhibit DC morphology, express the MHC class II machinery, and are distinct from all previously reported DC and ILC3 subsets, but share transcriptional and epigenetic similarities with DC2 and ILC3. We have developed procedures to isolate and expand them in vitro, enabling their functional characterization. R-DC-like cells proliferate in vitro, continue to express RORγt, and differentiate into CD1c+ DC2-like cells. They stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. The identification of human R-DC-like cells with proliferative potential and plasticity toward CD1c+ DC2-like cells will prompt further investigation into their impact on immune homeostasis, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ulezko Antonova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Francesco Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25125, Italy
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Nederlands Kanker Instituut, Amsterdam1066, The Netherlands
| | - Changxu Fan
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Matthew L. Coates
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Natalia Jaeger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | | | - Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Tihana Trsan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - José L. Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Khai M. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Ryan M. Nunley
- Washington University Orthopedics, Barnes Jewish Hospital, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Department of Lab Diagnostics, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia25100, Italy
| | - Stefania Zini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of Massachussets Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
| | - Jacques Deguine
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Mark E. Peeples
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH43205
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of Massachussets Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO63110
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16
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Ye C, Clements SA, Gu W, Geurts AM, Mathews CE, Serreze DV, Chen YG, Driver JP. Deletion of Vβ3 +CD4 + T cells by endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus 3 prevents type 1 diabetes induction by autoreactive CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312039120. [PMID: 38015847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312039120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and NOD mice, type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells by T cells. Interactions between both helper CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are essential for T1D development in NOD mice. Previous work has indicated that pathogenic T cells arise from deleterious interactions between relatively common genes which regulate aspects of T cell activation/effector function (Ctla4, Tnfrsf9, Il2/Il21), peptide presentation (H2-A g7, B2m), and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling (Ptpn22). Here, we used a combination of subcongenic mapping and a CRISPR/Cas9 screen to identify the NOD-encoded mammary tumor virus (Mtv)3 provirus as a genetic element affecting CD4+/CD8+ T cell interactions through an additional mechanism, altering the TCR repertoire. Mtv3 encodes a superantigen (SAg) that deletes the majority of Vβ3+ thymocytes in NOD mice. Ablating Mtv3 and restoring Vβ3+ T cells has no effect on spontaneous T1D development in NOD mice. However, transferring Mtv3 to C57BL/6 (B6) mice congenic for the NOD H2 g7 MHC haplotype (B6.H2 g7) completely blocks their normal susceptibility to T1D mediated by transferred CD8+ T cells transgenically expressing AI4 or NY8.3 TCRs. The entire genetic effect is manifested by Vβ3+CD4+ T cells, which unless deleted by Mtv3, accumulate in insulitic lesions triggering in B6 background mice the pathogenic activation of diabetogenic CD8+ T cells. Our findings provide evidence that endogenous Mtv SAgs can influence autoimmune responses. Furthermore, since most common mouse strains have gaps in their TCR Vβ repertoire due to Mtvs, it raises questions about the role of Mtvs in other mouse models designed to reflect human immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Sadie A Clements
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Weihong Gu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John P Driver
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
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17
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Montalbetti N, Dalghi MG, Parakala-Jain T, Clayton D, Apodaca G, Carattino MD. Antinociceptive effect of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS in mice with bacterial cystitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F779-F791. [PMID: 37823199 PMCID: PMC10878727 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00217.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) suffer from urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain, but the mechanisms by which bladder afferents sense the presence of uropathogens and encode this information is not well understood. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-mer neuropeptide found in a subset of bladder afferents that terminate primarily in the lamina propria. Here, we report that the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS lessens lower urinary tract symptoms and prevents the development of pelvic allodynia in mice inoculated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) without altering urine bacterial loads or the host immune response to the infection. These findings indicate that CGRP facilitates the processing of noxious/inflammatory stimuli during UPEC infection. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified a population of suburothelial fibroblasts in the lamina propria, a region where afferent fibers containing CGRP terminate, that expresses the canonical CGRP receptor components Calcrl and Ramp1. We propose that these fibroblasts, in conjunction with CGRP+ afferents, form a circuit that senses substances released during the infection and transmit this noxious information to the central nervous system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Afferent C fibers release neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Here, we show that the specific CGRP receptor antagonist, BIBN409BS, ameliorates lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic allodynia in mice inoculated with uropathogenic E. coli. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified a population of suburothelial fibroblasts in the lamina propria that expresses the canonical CGRP receptor. Our findings indicate that CGRP contributes to the transmission of nociceptive information arising from the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marianela G Dalghi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tanmay Parakala-Jain
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dennis Clayton
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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18
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Tabibzadeh N, Satlin LM, Jain S, Morizane R. Navigating the kidney organoid: insights into assessment and enhancement of nephron function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F695-F706. [PMID: 37767571 PMCID: PMC10878724 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00166.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids are three-dimensional structures generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that are capable of recapitulating the major structures of mammalian kidneys. As this technology is expected to be a promising tool for studying renal biology, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine, the functional capacity of kidney organoids has emerged as a critical question in the field. Kidney organoids produced using several protocols harbor key structures of native kidneys. Here, we review the current state, recent advances, and future challenges in the functional characterization of kidney organoids, strategies to accelerate and enhance kidney organoid functions, and access to PSC resources to advance organoid research. The strategies to construct physiologically relevant kidney organoids include the use of organ-on-a-chip technologies that integrate fluid circulation and improve organoid maturation. These approaches result in increased expression of the major tubular transporters and elements of mechanosensory signaling pathways suggestive of improved functionality. Nevertheless, continuous efforts remain crucial to create kidney tissue that more faithfully replicates physiological conditions for future applications in kidney regeneration medicine and their ethical use in patient care.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Kidney organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells, mimicking the major components of mammalian kidneys. Although they show great promise, their functional capacity has become a critical question. This review explores the advancements and challenges in evaluating and enhancing kidney organoid function, including the use of organ-on-chip technologies, multiomics data, and in vivo transplantation. Integrating these approaches to further enhance their physiological relevance will continue to advance disease modeling and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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19
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Hibdon ES, Keeley TM, Merchant JL, Samuelson LC. The bHLH transcription factor ASCL1 promotes differentiation of endocrine cells in the stomach and is regulated by Notch signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G458-G470. [PMID: 37698169 PMCID: PMC10887855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates gastrointestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation yet Notch-regulated transcriptional effectors of gastric epithelial cell differentiation are poorly understood. Here we tested the role of the bHLH transcription factor Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) in gastric epithelial cell differentiation, and its regulation by Notch. Newborn Ascl1 null mice showed a loss of expression of markers of neurogenin-3-dependent enteroendocrine cells, with normal expression of enterochromaffin-like cells, mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. In adult mice, Ascl1 gene expression was observed in the stomach, but not the intestine, with higher expression in antral than corpus epithelium. Lineage tracing in Ascl1-CreERT2; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice revealed single, scattered ASCL1+ cells in the gastric epithelium, demonstrating expression in antral gastrin- and serotonin-producing endocrine cells. ASCL1-expressing endocrine cells persisted for several weeks posttamoxifen labeling with a half-life of approximately 2 months. Lineage tracing in Gastrin-CreERT2 mice demonstrated a similar lifespan for gastrin-producing cells, confirming that gastric endocrine cells are long-lived. Finally, treatment of Ascl1-CreERT2; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice with the pan-Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine increased the number of lineage-labeled cells in the gastric antrum, suggesting that Notch signaling normally inhibits Ascl1 expression. Notch regulation of Ascl1 was also demonstrated in a genetic mouse model of Notch activation, as well as Notch-manipulated antral organoid cultures, thus suggesting that ASCL1 is a key downstream Notch pathway effector promoting endocrine cell differentiation in the gastric epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although Notch signaling is known to regulate cellular differentiation in the stomach, downstream effectors are poorly described. Here we demonstrate that the bHLH transcription factor ASCL1 is expressed in endocrine cells in the stomach and is required for formation of neurogenin-3-dependent enteroendocrine cells but not enterochromaffin-like cells. We also demonstrate that Ascl1 expression is inhibited by Notch signaling, suggesting that ASCL1 is a Notch-regulated transcriptional effector directing enteroendocrine cell fate in the mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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20
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Carter-Su C, Argetsinger LS, Svezhova N. 2022 Cannon lecture: an ode to signal transduction: how the growth hormone pathway revealed insight into height, malignancy, and obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E425-E437. [PMID: 37672248 PMCID: PMC10874654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Walter Cannon was a highly regarded American neurologist and physiologist with extremely broad interests. In the tradition of Cannon and his broad interests, we discuss our laboratory's multifaceted work in signal transduction over the past 40+ years. We show how our questioning of how growth hormone (GH) in the blood communicates with cells throughout the body to promote body growth and regulate body metabolism led to insight into not only body height but also important regulators of malignancy and body weight. Highlights include finding that 1) A critical initiating step in GH signal transduction is GH activating the GH receptor-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2; 2) GH activation of JAK2 leads to activation of a number of signaling proteins, including STAT transcription factors; 3) JAK2 is autophosphorylated on multiple tyrosines that regulate the activity of JAK2 and recruit signaling proteins to GH/GH receptor/JAK2 complexes; 4) Constitutively activated STAT proteins are associated with cancer; 5) GH activation of JAK2 recruits the adapter protein SH2B1 to GH/GH receptor/JAK2 complexes where it facilitates GH regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and motility; and 6) SH2B1 is recruited to other receptors in the brain, where it enhances satiety, most likely in part by regulating leptin action and neuronal connections of appetite-regulating neurons. These findings have led to increased understanding of how GH functions, as well as therapeutic interventions for certain cancer and obese individuals, thereby reinforcing the great importance of supporting basic research since one never knows ahead of time what important insight it can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Carter-Su
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Staub O, Debonneville A, Stifanelli M, Juffre A, Maillard MP, Gumz ML, Al-Qusairi L. Renal tubular SGK1 is required to achieve blood pressure surge and circadian rhythm. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F629-F637. [PMID: 37676758 PMCID: PMC10878722 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00211.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian pattern that rises during the active phase of the day (morning surge) and decreases during the inactive (night dipping) phase of the day. The morning surge coincides with increased circulating glucocorticoids and aldosterone, ligands for glucocorticoid receptors and mineralocorticoid receptors, respectively. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), a clock-controlled and glucocorticoid receptor- and mineralocorticoid receptor-induced gene, plays a role in BP regulation in human and animal models. However, the role of SGK1 in BP circadian regulation has not yet been demonstrated. Using telemetry, we analyzed BP in the inducible renal tubule-specific Sgk1Pax8/LC1 model under basal K+ diet (1% K+) and high-K+ diet (HKD; 5% K+). Our data revealed that, under basal conditions, renal SGK1 plays a minor role in BP regulation; however, after 1 wk of HKD, Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice exhibited significant defects in diastolic BP (DBP), including a blunted surge, a decreased amplitude, and reduced day/night differences. After prolonged HKD (7 wk), Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice had lower BP than control mice and exhibited reduced DBP amplitude, together with decreased DBP day/night differences and midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR). Interestingly, renal SGK1 deletion increased pulse pressure, likely secondary to an increase in circulating aldosterone. Taken together, our data suggest that 1) the kidney plays a significant role in setting the BP circadian rhythm; 2) renal tubule SGK1 mediates the BP surge and, thus, the day/night BP difference; 3) long-term renal SGK1 deletion results in lower BP in mutant compared with control mice; and 4) renal SGK1 indirectly regulates pulse pressure due to compensatory alterations in aldosterone levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dysregulation of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases. Our study provides experimental evidence demonstrating, for the first time, that renal tubule serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) plays an essential role in inducing the BP surge. Inhibitors and activators of SGK1 signaling are parts of several therapeutic strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of the drug intake timing to be in phase with SGK1 function to avoid dysregulation of BP circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Debonneville
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Stifanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Marc P Maillard
- Division of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lama Al-Qusairi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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22
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Schleh MW, Ahn C, Ryan BJ, Chugh OK, Luker AT, Luker KE, Gillen JB, Ludzki AC, Van Pelt DW, Pitchford LM, Zhang T, Rode T, Howton SM, Burant CF, Horowitz JF. Both moderate- and high-intensity exercise training increase intramyocellular lipid droplet abundance and modify myocellular distribution in adults with obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E466-E479. [PMID: 37729021 PMCID: PMC10864005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training modifies lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, but the effect of exercise training on intramyocellular lipid droplet (LD) abundance, size, and intracellular distribution in adults with obesity remains elusive. This study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with more conventional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intramyocellular lipid content, as well as LD characteristics (size and number) and abundance within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) regions of type I and type II skeletal muscle fibers in adults with obesity. Thirty-six adults with obesity [body mass index (BMI) = 33 ± 3 kg/m2] completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of either HIIT (10 × 1 min, 90% HRmax + 1-min active recovery; n = 19) or MICT (45-min steady-state exercise, 70% HRmax; n = 17), while on a weight-maintaining diet throughout training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis before and after training, and intramyocellular lipid content and intracellular LD distribution were measured by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both MICT and HIIT increased total intramyocellular lipid content by more than 50% (P < 0.01), which was attributed to a greater LD number per µm2 in the IMF region of both type I and type II muscle fibers (P < 0.01). Our findings also suggest that LD lipophagy (autophagy-mediated LD degradation) may be transiently upregulated the day after the last exercise training session (P < 0.02 for both MICT and HIIT). In summary, exercise programs for adults with obesity involving either MICT or HIIT increased skeletal muscle LD abundance via a greater number of LDs in the IMF region of the myocyte, thereby providing more lipid in close proximity to the site of energy production during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, 12 wk of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhanced skeletal muscle lipid abundance by increasing lipid droplet number within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) region of muscle. Because the IMF associates with high energy production during muscle contraction, this adaptation may enhance lipid oxidation during exercise. Despite differences in training intensity and energy expenditure between MICT and HIIT, their effects on muscle lipid abundance and metabolism were remarkably similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Schleh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Benjamin J Ryan
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Olivia K Chugh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Austin T Luker
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Ludzki
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Douglas W Van Pelt
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lisa M Pitchford
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Suzette M Howton
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Charles F Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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23
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Kagan JC. Innate immunity decreases pathogen diversity during infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314237120. [PMID: 37729173 PMCID: PMC10556549 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314237120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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24
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Aulinger BA, D'Alessio DA. Assessment of the incretin effect in healthy subjects: concordance between clamp and OGTT methods. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E412-E420. [PMID: 37702736 PMCID: PMC10642988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00104.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The incretin effect describes the insulin response to nutrient ingestion that exceeds the response to glycemia per se. It is mediated by gastrointestinal factors and is necessary to maintain postprandial glucose homeostasis. The incretin effect results in a more than twofold increase of the insulin response to a meal in healthy people and two different techniques have been used in the past to measure its magnitude. Most studies employ an OGTT on 1 day, followed by a matching glucose infusion on a separate day. Another study design employs a hyperglycemic glucose clamp that is maintained after oral ingestion of glucose. Both protocols allow quantification of the incretin effect by comparing the insulin response to an identical glycemic stimulus. Here we performed a within-subject comparison of both techniques to quantify the incretin effect and suggest different calculation methods to interpret the results derived from the clamp experiment in a cohort of healthy young adults (n = 10, age 33 ± 4 yr). All subjects participated on four different study days: 1) OGTT, 2) isoglycemic glucose infusion (Iso-IV), 3) hyperglycemic clamp with oral glucose ingestion (clamp-OGTT), and 4) hyperglycemic clamp (clamp). With the classic OGTT/Iso-IV method, the insulin response to glucose ingestion increased more than twofold and was 60 ± 6% and 49 ± 5% for insulin and c-peptide. Different estimates of the incretin effect based on the clamp method ranged from 58% to 79% for insulin and 38% to 61% for c-peptide, both significantly higher than values derived from the OGTT/isoglycemic infusion method. However, when the effect of continuous hyperglycemia on insulin secretion was accounted for, using extrapolation from early time points of the clamp, good agreement was noted between the two methods. Based on these results, both techniques seem to be equally suited to measure the incretin effect and should be employed according to the scientific questions, experimental contingencies, and investigator experience.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This proof-of-concept study shows that the incretin effect can be reliably assessed by two different methods with similar quantitative results. A single-day hyperglycemic clamp with oral glucose ingestion allows the determination of the incretin effect with fewer study days and less day-to-day variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt A Aulinger
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Clinical Research Unit, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Pinto AJ, Bergouignan A, Dempsey PC, Roschel H, Owen N, Gualano B, Dunstan DW. Physiology of sedentary behavior. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2561-2622. [PMID: 37326297 PMCID: PMC10625842 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use toward carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across individual studies, longer term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more limited evidence for other health-related outcomes and physiological systems and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Pinto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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27
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Li AJ, Wang Q, Rogers RC, Herman G, Ritter RC, Ritter S. Chemogenetic activation of ventral medullary astrocytes enhances feeding and corticosterone release in response to mild glucoprivation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R229-R237. [PMID: 37424401 PMCID: PMC10396275 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00079.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of glial cells in the regulation of glucoprivic responses in rats, a chemogenetic approach was used to activate astrocytes neighboring catecholamine (CA) neurons in the ventromedial medulla (VLM) where A1 and C1 CA cell groups overlap (A1/C1). Previous results indicate that activation of CA neurons in this region is necessary and sufficient for feeding and corticosterone release in response to glucoprivation. However, it is not known whether astrocyte neighbors of CA neurons contribute to glucoregulatory responses. Hence, we made nanoinjections of AAV5-GFAP-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry to selectively transfect astrocytes in the A1/C1 region with the excitatory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), hM3D(Gq). After allowing time for DREADD expression, we evaluated the rats for increased food intake and corticosterone release in response to low systemic doses of the antiglycolytic agent, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), alone and in combination with the hM3D(Gq) activator clozapine-n-oxide (CNO). We found that DREADD-transfected rats ate significantly more food when 2DG and CNO were coadministered than when either 2DG or CNO was injected alone. We also found that CNO significantly enhanced 2DG-induced FOS expression in the A1/C1 CA neurons, and that corticosterone release also was enhanced when CNO and 2DG were administered together. Importantly, CNO-induced activation of astrocytes in the absence of 2DG did not trigger food intake or corticosterone release. Our results indicate that during glucoprivation, activation of VLM astrocytes cells markedly increases the sensitivity or responsiveness of neighboring A1/C1 CA neurons to glucose deficit, suggesting a potentially important role for VLM astrocytes in glucoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Li
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Richard C Rogers
- Autonomic Neuroscience Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Gerlinda Herman
- Autonomic Neuroscience Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Robert C Ritter
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
| | - Sue Ritter
- Programs in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
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Young GM, Jacobs PG, Tyler NS, Nguyen TTP, Castle JR, Wilson LM, Branigan D, Gabo V, Guillot FH, Riddell MC, El Youssef J. Quantifying insulin-mediated and noninsulin-mediated changes in glucose dynamics during resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E192-E206. [PMID: 37436961 PMCID: PMC10511169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00298.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise can cause dangerous fluctuations in blood glucose in people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Aerobic exercise, for example, can cause acute hypoglycemia secondary to increased insulin-mediated and noninsulin-mediated glucose utilization. Less is known about how resistance exercise (RE) impacts glucose dynamics. Twenty-five people with T1D underwent three sessions of either moderate or high-intensity RE at three insulin infusion rates during a glucose tracer clamp. We calculated time-varying rates of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and glucose disposal (Rd) across all sessions and used linear regression and extrapolation to estimate insulin- and noninsulin-mediated components of glucose utilization. Blood glucose did not change on average during exercise. The area under the curve (AUC) for EGP increased by 1.04 mM during RE (95% CI: 0.65-1.43, P < 0.001) and decreased proportionally to insulin infusion rate (0.003 mM per percent above basal rate, 95% CI: 0.001-0.006, P = 0.003). The AUC for Rd rose by 1.26 mM during RE (95% CI: 0.41-2.10, P = 0.004) and increased proportionally with insulin infusion rate (0.04 mM per percent above basal rate, CI: 0.03-0.04, P < 0.001). No differences were observed between the moderate and high resistance groups. Noninsulin-mediated glucose utilization rose significantly during exercise before returning to baseline roughly 30-min postexercise. Insulin-mediated glucose utilization remained unchanged during exercise sessions. Circulating catecholamines and lactate rose during exercise despite relatively small changes observed in Rd. Results provide an explanation of why RE may pose a lower overall risk for hypoglycemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise is known to cause decreases in blood glucose secondary to increased glucose utilization in people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, less is known about how resistance-type exercise impacts glucose dynamics. Twenty-five participants with T1D performed in-clinic weight-bearing exercises under a glucose clamp. Mathematical modeling of infused glucose tracer allowed for quantification of the rate of hepatic glucose production as well as rates of insulin-mediated and noninsulin-mediated glucose uptake experienced during resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M Young
- Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Peter G Jacobs
- Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems (AIMS) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Nichole S Tyler
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Thanh-Tin P Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jessica R Castle
- Division of Endocrinology, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Leah M Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Deborah Branigan
- Division of Endocrinology, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Virginia Gabo
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Florian H Guillot
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph El Youssef
- Division of Endocrinology, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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Yanda MK, Ciobanu C, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. CFTR and PC2, partners in the primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C682-C693. [PMID: 37519231 PMCID: PMC10635646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the primary cilium are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We used a combination of animal models, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy and discovered that CFTR and polycystin 2 (PC2) are both colocalized to the cilium in normal kidneys, with the levels of both being decreased in cystic epithelia. Cilia were longer in CFTR-null mice and in cystic cells in our ADPKD animal models. We examined septin 2, known to play a role in cilia length, to act as a diffusion barrier and to serve as an enhancer of proliferation. We found that septin 2 protein levels were upregulated and colocalized strongly with CFTR in cystic cells. Application of VX-809, the CFTR corrector, restored CFTR and PC2 toward normal in the cilia, decreased the protein levels of septin 2, and drastically reduced septin 2 colocalization with CFTR. Our data suggest that CFTR is present in the cilia and plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl-. We also postulate that septin 2 is important for localizing CFTR to the apical membrane in cystic epithelia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CFTR is present in the primary cilia together with polycystin 2 (PC2). Ablation of CFTR makes cilia longer suggesting that CFTR plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cristian Ciobanu
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - William B Guggino
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Park JE, Kirsch K, Lee H, Oliva P, Ahn JI, Ravishankar H, Zeng Y, Fox SD, Kirby SA, Badhwar P, Andresson T, Jacobson KA, Lee KS. Specific inhibition of an anticancer target, polo-like kinase 1, by allosterically dismantling its mechanism of substrate recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305037120. [PMID: 37603740 PMCID: PMC10629583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305037120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is considered an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Over the years, studies on the noncatalytic polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 have raised the expectation of generating highly specific protein-protein interaction inhibitors. However, the molecular nature of the canonical PBD-dependent interaction, which requires extensive water network-mediated interactions with its phospholigands, has hampered efforts to identify small molecules suitable for Plk1 PBD drug discovery. Here, we report the identification of the first allosteric inhibitor of Plk1 PBD, called Allopole, a prodrug that can disrupt intracellular interactions between PBD and its cognate phospholigands, delocalize Plk1 from centrosomes and kinetochores, and induce mitotic block and cancer cell killing. At the structural level, its unmasked active form, Allopole-A, bound to a deep Trp-Phe-lined pocket occluded by a latch-like loop, whose adjoining region was required for securely retaining a ligand anchored to the phospho-binding cleft. Allopole-A binding completely dislodged the L2 loop, an event that appeared sufficient to trigger the dissociation of a phospholigand and inhibit PBD-dependent Plk1 function during mitosis. Given Allopole's high specificity and antiproliferative potency, this study is expected to open an unexplored avenue for developing Plk1 PBD-specific anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Klara Kirsch
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Hobin Lee
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Paola Oliva
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jong Il Ahn
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Harsha Ravishankar
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Yan Zeng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Stephen D. Fox
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD21702
| | - Samuel A. Kirby
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Pooja Badhwar
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD21702
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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Meng A, Ameroso D, Rios M. mGluR5 in Astrocytes in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Regulates Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Neurons and Glucose Homeostasis. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5918-5935. [PMID: 37507231 PMCID: PMC10436691 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0193-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a functionally heterogeneous nucleus critical for systemic energy, glucose, and lipid balance. We showed previously that the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) plays essential roles regulating excitatory and inhibitory transmission in SF1+ neurons of the VMH and facilitating glucose and lipid homeostasis in female mice. Although mGluR5 is also highly expressed in VMH astrocytes in the mature brain, its role there influencing central metabolic circuits is unknown. In contrast to the glucose intolerance observed only in female mice lacking mGluR5 in VMH SF1 neurons, selective depletion of mGluR5 in VMH astrocytes enhanced glucose tolerance without affecting food intake or body weight in both adult female and male mice. The improved glucose tolerance was associated with elevated glucose-stimulated insulin release. Astrocytic mGluR5 male and female mutants also exhibited reduced adipocyte size and increased sympathetic tone in gonadal white adipose tissue. Diminished excitatory drive and synaptic inputs onto VMH Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP+) neurons and reduced activity of these cells during acute hyperglycemia underlie the observed changes in glycemic control. These studies reveal an essential role of astrocytic mGluR5 in the VMH regulating the excitatory drive onto PACAP+ neurons and activity of these cells facilitating glucose homeostasis in male and female mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal circuits within the VMH play chief roles in the regulation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. It remains unclear how astrocytes influence neurotransmission in this region to facilitate energy and glucose balance control. Here, we explored the role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, using a mouse model with selective depletion of mGluR5 from VMH astrocytes. We show that astrocytic mGluR5 critically regulates the excitatory drive and activity of PACAP-expressing neurons in the VMH to control glucose homeostasis in both female and male mice. Furthermore, mGluR5 in VMH astrocytes influences adipocyte size and sympathetic tone in white adipose tissue. These studies provide novel insight toward the importance of hypothalamic astrocytes participating in central circuits regulating peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Meng
- Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Dominique Ameroso
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Maribel Rios
- Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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32
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Yook JS, Taxin ZH, Oikawa S, Fujimoto M, Kajimura S. Reply to Ren et al.: The role of a liver-specific mitochondrial carrier SLC25A47 in glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307922120. [PMID: 37523570 PMCID: PMC10410699 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307922120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seon Yook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Zachary H. Taxin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Satoshi Oikawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Masanori Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 260-8670Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 260-8670Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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Sodhi CP, Ahmad R, Fulton WB, Lopez CM, Eke BO, Scheese D, Duess JW, Steinway SN, Raouf Z, Moore H, Tsuboi K, Sampah ME, Jang HS, Buck RH, Hill DR, Niemiro GM, Prindle T, Wang S, Wang M, Jia H, Catazaro J, Lu P, Hackam DJ. Human milk oligosaccharides reduce necrotizing enterocolitis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G23-G41. [PMID: 37120853 PMCID: PMC10259852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00233.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. One of the most devastating complications of NEC is the development of NEC-induced brain injury, which manifests as impaired cognition that persists beyond infancy and which represents a proinflammatory activation of the gut-brain axis. Given that oral administration of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 6'-sialyslactose (6'-SL) significantly reduced intestinal inflammation in mice, we hypothesized that oral administration of these HMOs would reduce NEC-induced brain injury and sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We now show that the administration of either 2'-FL or 6'-SL significantly attenuated NEC-induced brain injury, reversed myelin loss in the corpus callosum and midbrain of newborn mice, and prevented the impaired cognition observed in mice with NEC-induced brain injury. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, 2'-FL or 6'-SL administration resulted in a restoration of the blood-brain barrier in newborn mice and also had a direct anti-inflammatory effect on the brain as revealed through the study of brain organoids. Metabolites of 2'-FL were detected in the infant mouse brain by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), whereas intact 2'-FL was not. Strikingly, the beneficial effects of 2'-FL or 6'-SL against NEC-induced brain injury required the release of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as mice lacking BDNF were not protected by these HMOs from the development of NEC-induced brain injury. Taken in aggregate, these findings reveal that the HMOs 2'-FL and 6'-SL interrupt the gut-brain inflammatory axis and reduce the risk of NEC-induced brain injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reveals that the administration of human milk oligosaccharides, which are present in human breast milk, can interfere with the proinflammatory gut-brain axis and prevent neuroinflammation in the setting of necrotizing enterocolitis, a major intestinal disorder seen in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Raheel Ahmad
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - William B Fulton
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Carla M Lopez
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Benjamin O Eke
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel Scheese
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Johannes W Duess
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Steve N Steinway
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zachariah Raouf
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hannah Moore
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Koichi Tsuboi
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Maame Efua Sampah
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hee-Seong Jang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rachael H Buck
- Nutrition Division, Abbott, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - David R Hill
- Nutrition Division, Abbott, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Thomas Prindle
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sanxia Wang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Menghan Wang
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hongpeng Jia
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan Catazaro
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Peng Lu
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Le VQ, Zhao B, Ramesh S, Toohey C, DeCosta A, Mintseris J, Liu X, Gygi S, Springer TA. A specialized integrin-binding motif enables proTGF-β2 activation by integrin αVβ6 but not αVβ8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304874120. [PMID: 37279271 PMCID: PMC10268255 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304874120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 is incompletely understood. Unlike TGF-β1 and β3, the TGF-β2 prodomain lacks a seven-residue RGDLXX (L/I) integrin-recognition motif and is thought not to be activated by integrins. Here, we report the surprising finding that TGF-β2 contains a related but divergent 13-residue integrin-recognition motif (YTSGDQKTIKSTR) that specializes it for activation by integrin αVβ6 but not αVβ8. Both classes of motifs compete for the same binding site in αVβ6. Multiple changes in the longer motif underlie its specificity. ProTGF-β2 structures define interesting differences from proTGF-β1 and the structural context for activation by αVβ6. Some integrin-independent activation is also seen for proTGF-β2 and even more so for proTGF-β3. Our findings have important implications for therapeutics to αVβ6 in clinical trials for fibrosis, in which inhibition of TGF-β2 activation has not been anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Q. Le
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Bo Zhao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Siddanth Ramesh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Cameron Toohey
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Adam DeCosta
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Julian Mintseris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA02115
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA02115
| | - Steven Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA02115
| | - Timothy A. Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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35
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Harris RBS. Low dose peripheral leptin infusion produces selective activation of ventromedial hypothalamic and hindbrain STAT3. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023. [PMID: 37285599 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00083.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that very low dose, acute, single peripheral leptin injections fully activate arcuate nucleus STAT3, but ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) pSTAT3 continues to increase with higher doses of leptin that inhibit food intake. The lowest dose that inhibited intake increased circulating leptin 300-fold whereas food intake is inhibited by chronic peripheral leptin infusions that only double circulating leptin. This study examined whether the pattern of hypothalamic pSTAT3 was the same in leptin infused rats as in leptin injected rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats received intraperitoneal infusions of 0, 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg leptin/day for 9 days. The highest dose of leptin increased serum leptin by 50-100%, inhibited food intake for 5 days, but inhibited weight gain and retroperitoneal fat mass for 9 days. Energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and brown fat temperature did not change. pSTAT3 was quantified in hypothalamic nuclei and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) when food intake was inhibited and when it had returned to control levels. There was no effect of leptin on pSTAT3 in the medial or lateral arcuate nucleus or in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. VMH pSTAT3 was increased only at day 4 when food intake was inhibited, but NTS pSTAT3 was increased at both 4 and 9 days of infusion. These results suggest that activation of leptin VMH receptors contributes to the suppression of food intake, but that hindbrain receptors contribute to a sustained change in metabolism that maintains a reduced weight and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B S Harris
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Disease, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Schembri Wismayer D, Laurenti MC, Song Y, Egan AM, Welch AA, Bailey KR, Cobelli C, Dalla Man C, Jensen MD, Vella A. Effects of overnight fasting milieu on indices of β-cell function and glucose metabolism in subjects without diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023. [PMID: 37285600 PMCID: PMC10393375 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated fasting free fatty acids (FFA) are associated with Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and decreased β-cell function (quantified as Disposition Index (DI)). We sought to examine how changes in fasting FFA and glucose alter islet function. METHODS We studied 10 subjects with Normal Fasting Glucose (NFG) and Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) on 2 occasions. On one occasion, Intralipid® and glucose were infused overnight to mimic conditions present in IFG/IGT. In addition, we studied 7 subjects with IFG/IGT on 2 occasions. On one occasion insulin was infused to lower overnight FFA and glucose concentrations to those observed in people with NFG/NGT. The following morning, a labeled mixed meal was used to measure postprandial glucose metabolism and β-cell function. RESULTS Elevation of overnight fasting FFA and glucose in NFG/NGT did not alter peak or integrated glucose concentrations (2.0 ± 0.1 vs 2.0 ± 0.1 Mol per 5 h, Saline vs. Intralipid® / glucose, p = 0.55). While overall β-cell function quantified by the Disposition Index was unchanged, the dynamic component of β-cell responsivity (fd) was decreased by Intralipid® and glucose infusion (9 ± 1 vs. 16 ± 3 10-9, p = 0.02). In people with IFG/IGT, insulin did not alter postprandial glucose concentrations or indices of β-cell function. Endogenous glucose production and glucose disappearance was also unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that acute, overnight changes in FFA and glucose concentrations do not alter islet function or glucose metabolism in prediabetes.
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Grants
- DK TR000135 HHS | NIH | NIDDK | Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM)
- DK78646 HHS | NIH | NIDDK | Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM)
- DK116231 HHS | NIH | NIDDK | Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM)
- DK126206 HHS | NIH | NIDDK | Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM)
- DK40484 HHS | NIH | NIDDK | Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM)
- DK45343 HHS | NIH | NIDDK | Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM)
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schembri Wismayer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marcello C Laurenti
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yilin Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aoife M Egan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andrew A Welch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
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Zuchowski Y, Carty J, Terker AS, Bock F, Trapani JB, Bhave G, Watts JA, Keller S, Zhang M, Zent R, Harris RC, Arroyo JP. Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase is required for water excretion in response to acute hypotonic stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F521-F531. [PMID: 36995926 PMCID: PMC10202483 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00318.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the response of mice lacking insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) to an acute water load. For mammals to respond appropriately to acute water loading, vasopressin activity needs to decrease. IRAP degrades vasopressin in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice lacking IRAP have an impaired ability to degrade vasopressin and, thus, have persistent urinary concentration. Age-matched 8- to 12-wk-old IRAP wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) male mice were used for all experiments. Blood electrolytes and urine osmolality were measured before and 1 h after water load (∼2 mL sterile water via intraperitoneal injection). Urine was collected from IRAP WT and KO mice for urine osmolality measurements at baseline and after 1 h administration of the vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist OPC-31260 (10 mg/kg ip). Immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis were performed on kidneys at baseline and after 1 h acute water load. IRAP was expressed in the glomerulus, thick ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule, connecting duct, and collecting duct. IRAP KO mice had elevated urine osmolality compared with WT mice due to higher membrane expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), which was restored to that of controls after administration of OPC-31260. IRAP KO mice developed hyponatremia after an acute water load because they were unable to increase free water excretion due to increased surface expression of AQP2. In conclusion, IRAP is required to increase water excretion in response to an acute water load due to persistent vasopressin stimulation of AQP2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) degrades vasopressin, but its role in urinary concentration and dilution is unknown. Here, we show that IRAP-deficient mice have a high urinary osmolality at baseline and are unable to excrete free water in response to water loading. These results reveal a novel regulatory role for IRAP in urine concentration and dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Zuchowski
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joshua Carty
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jonathan B Trapani
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason A Watts
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Susanna Keller
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Kyllo HM, Wang D, Lorca RA, Julian CG, Moore LG, Wilkening RB, Rozance PJ, Brown LD, Wesolowski SR. Adaptive responses in uteroplacental metabolism and fetoplacental nutrient shuttling and sensing during placental insufficiency. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E556-E568. [PMID: 37126847 PMCID: PMC10259853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00046.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucose, lactate, and amino acids are major fetal nutrients. During placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (PI-IUGR), uteroplacental weight-specific oxygen consumption rates are maintained, yet fetal glucose and amino acid supply is decreased and fetal lactate concentrations are increased. We hypothesized that uteroplacental metabolism adapts to PI-IUGR by altering nutrient allocation to maintain oxidative metabolism. Here, we measured nutrient flux rates, with a focus on nutrients shuttled between the placenta and fetus (lactate-pyruvate, glutamine-glutamate, and glycine-serine) in a sheep model of PI-IUGR. PI-IUGR fetuses weighed 40% less and had decreased oxygen, glucose, and amino acid concentrations and increased lactate and pyruvate versus control (CON) fetuses. Uteroplacental weight-specific rates of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate uptake were similar. In PI-IUGR, fetal glucose uptake was decreased and pyruvate output was increased. In PI-IUGR placental tissue, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphorylation was decreased and PDH activity was increased. Uteroplacental glutamine output to the fetus and expression of genes regulating glutamine-glutamate metabolism were lower in PI-IUGR. Fetal glycine uptake was lower in PI-IUGR, with no differences in uteroplacental glycine or serine flux. These results suggest increased placental utilization of pyruvate from the fetus, without higher maternal glucose utilization, and lower fetoplacental amino acid shuttling during PI-IUGR. Mechanistically, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation was higher and associated with thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) content, a marker of oxidative stress, and PDH activity in the PI-IUGR placenta, supporting a potential link between oxidative stress, AMPK, and pyruvate utilization. These differences in fetoplacental nutrient sensing and shuttling may represent adaptive strategies enabling the placenta to maintain oxidative metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These results suggest increased placental utilization of pyruvate from the fetus, without higher maternal glucose uptake, and lower amino acid shuttling in the placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (PI-IUGR) placenta. AMPK activation was associated with oxidative stress and PDH activity, supporting a putative link between oxidative stress, AMPK, and pyruvate utilization. These differences in fetoplacental nutrient sensing and shuttling may represent adaptive strategies enabling the placenta to maintain oxidative metabolism at the expense of fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Kyllo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ramón A Lorca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Randall B Wilkening
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Murashov AK, Pak ES, Mar J, O'Brien K, Fisher-Wellman K, Bhat KM. Paternal Western diet causes transgenerational increase in food consumption in Drosophila with parallel alterations in the offspring brain proteome and microRNAs. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22966. [PMID: 37227156 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that ancestral diet might play an important role in determining offspring's metabolic traits. However, it is not yet clear whether ancestral diet can affect offspring's food choices and feeding behavior. In the current study, taking advantage of Drosophila model system, we demonstrate that paternal Western diet (WD) increases offspring food consumption up to the fourth generation. Paternal WD also induced alterations in F1 offspring brain proteome. Using enrichment analyses of pathways for upregulated and downregulated proteins, we found that upregulated proteins had significant enrichments in terms related to translation and translation factors, whereas downregulated proteins displayed enrichments in small molecule metabolic processes, TCA cycles, and electron transport chain (ETC). Using MIENTURNET miRNA prediction tool, dme-miR-10-3p was identified as the top conserved miRNA predicted to target proteins regulated by ancestral diet. RNAi-based knockdown of miR-10 in the brain significantly increased food consumption, implicating miR-10 as a potential factor in programming feeding behavior. Together, these findings suggest that ancestral nutrition may influence offspring feeding behavior through alterations in miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Murashov
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elena S Pak
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan Mar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin O'Brien
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Krishna M Bhat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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40
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Yang J, Jiao J, Draheim KM, Yang G, Yang H, Yao LC, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Rajagopal D, Vessillier S, Maier CC, Mohanan S, Cai D, Cheng M, Brehm MA, Keck JG. Simultaneous evaluation of treatment efficacy and toxicity for bispecific T-cell engager therapeutics in a humanized mouse model. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22995. [PMID: 37219526 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300040r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology (IO)-based therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, bi-specific antibodies, and CAR-T-cell therapies have shown significant success in the treatment of several cancer indications. However, these therapies can result in the development of severe adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Currently, there is a paucity of in vivo models that can evaluate dose-response relationships for both tumor control and CRS-related safety issues. We tested an in vivo PBMC humanized mouse model to assess both treatment efficacy against specific tumors and the concurrent cytokine release profiles for individual human donors after treatment with a CD19xCD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). Using this model, we evaluated tumor burden, T-cell activation, and cytokine release in response to bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody in humanized mice generated with different PBMC donors. The results show that PBMC engrafted NOD-scid Il2rgnull mice lacking expression of mouse MHC class I and II (NSG-MHC-DKO mice) and implanted with a tumor xenograft predict both efficacy for tumor control by CD19xCD3 BiTE and stimulated cytokine release. Moreover, our findings indicate that this PBMC-engrafted model captures variability among donors for tumor control and cytokine release following treatment. Tumor control and cytokine release were reproducible for the same PBMC donor in separate experiments. The PBMC humanized mouse model described here is a sensitive and reproducible platform that identifies specific patient/cancer/therapy combinations for treatment efficacy and development of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li-Chin Yao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepa Rajagopal
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Curtis C Maier
- Non Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- NonClinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences Inc', Foster City, California, USA
| | - Danying Cai
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
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Zion EH, Ringwalt D, Rinaldi K, Kahney EW, Li Y, Chen X. Old and newly synthesized histones are asymmetrically distributed in Drosophila intestinal stem cell divisions. EMBO Rep 2023:e56404. [PMID: 37255015 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that preexisting (old) and newly synthesized (new) histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically partitioned during the division of Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Furthermore, the inheritance patterns of old and new H3 and H4 in postmitotic cell pairs correlate with distinct expression patterns of Delta, an important cell fate gene. To understand the biological significance of this phenomenon, we expressed a mutant H3T3A to compromise asymmetric histone inheritance. Under this condition, we observe an increase in Delta-symmetric cell pairs and overpopulated ISC-like, Delta-positive cells. Single-cell RNA-seq assays further indicate that H3T3A expression compromises ISC differentiation. Together, our results indicate that asymmetric histone inheritance potentially contributes to establishing distinct cell identities in a somatic stem cell lineage, consistent with previous findings in Drosophila male germline stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Zion
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Ringwalt
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristina Rinaldi
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Yingying Li
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vien T, Ta M, Kimura L, Onay T, DeCaen P. Primary cilia TRP channel regulates hippocampal excitability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219686120. [PMID: 37216541 PMCID: PMC10235993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219686120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystins (PKD2, PKD2L1, and PKD2L2) are members of the transient receptor potential family, which form ciliary ion channels. Most notably, PKD2 dysregulation in the kidney nephron cilia is associated with polycystic kidney disease, but the function of PKD2L1 in neurons is undefined. In this report, we develop animal models to track the expression and subcellular localization of PKD2L1 in the brain. We discover that PKD2L1 localizes and functions as a Ca2+ channel in the primary cilia of hippocampal neurons that apically radiate from the soma. Loss of PKD2L1 expression ablates primary ciliary maturation and attenuates neuronal high-frequency excitability, which precipitates seizure susceptibility and autism spectrum disorder-like behavior in mice. The disproportionate impairment of interneuron excitability suggests that circuit disinhibition underlies the neurophenotypic features of these mice. Our results identify PKD2L1 channels as regulators of hippocampal excitability and the neuronal primary cilia as organelle mediators of brain electrical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy N. Vien
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - My C. Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Louise F. Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60911
| | - Paul G. DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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Espino-Sanchez T, Wienkers H, Marvin R, Nalder SA, García-Guerrero A, VanNatta P, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Mixon Blackwell A, Whitby F, Wohlschlegel J, Kieber-Emmons M, Hill C, A. Sigala P. Direct tests of cytochrome c and c1 functions in the electron transport chain of malaria parasites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301047120. [PMID: 37126705 PMCID: PMC10175771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301047120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) of Plasmodium malaria parasites is a major antimalarial drug target, but critical cytochrome (cyt) functions remain unstudied and enigmatic. Parasites express two distinct cyt c homologs (c and c-2) with unusually sparse sequence identity and uncertain fitness contributions. P. falciparum cyt c-2 is the most divergent eukaryotic cyt c homolog currently known and has sequence features predicted to be incompatible with canonical ETC function. We tagged both cyt c homologs and the related cyt c1 for inducible knockdown. Translational repression of cyt c and cyt c1 was lethal to parasites, which died from ETC dysfunction and impaired ubiquinone recycling. In contrast, cyt c-2 knockdown or knockout had little impact on blood-stage growth, indicating that parasites rely fully on the more conserved cyt c for ETC function. Biochemical and structural studies revealed that both cyt c and c-2 are hemylated by holocytochrome c synthase, but UV-vis absorbance and EPR spectra strongly suggest that cyt c-2 has an unusually open active site in which heme is stably coordinated by only a single axial amino acid ligand and can bind exogenous small molecules. These studies provide a direct dissection of cytochrome functions in the ETC of malaria parasites and identify a highly divergent Plasmodium cytochrome c with molecular adaptations that defy a conserved role in eukaryotic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Wienkers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Rebecca G. Marvin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Shai-anne Nalder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | | | - Peter E. VanNatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | | | - Amanda Mixon Blackwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Frank G. Whitby
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | | | | | - Christopher P. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Paul A. Sigala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84112
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Som R, Fink BD, Yu L, Sivitz WI. Oxaloacetate regulates complex II respiration in brown fat: dependence on UCP1 expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37125774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00565.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that skeletal muscle mitochondria incubated at low membrane potential (ΔΨ) or interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) mitochondria, wherein ΔΨ is intrinsically low, accumulate oxaloacetate (OAA) in amounts sufficient to inhibit complex II respiration. We proposed a mechanism wherein low ΔΨ reduces reverse electron transport (RET) to complex I causing a low NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring malate conversion to OAA. To further assess the mechanism and its physiologic relevance we carried out studies of mice with inherently different levels of IBAT mitochondrial inner membrane potential. Isolated complex II (succinate)-energized IBAT mitochondria from obesity resistant 129SVE mice compared to obesity prone C57BL/6J displayed greater UCP1 expression, similar O2 flux despite lower ΔΨ, similar OAA concentrations, and similar NADH/NAD+. When GDP was added to inhibit UCP1, 129SVE IBAT mitochondria, despite their lower ΔΨ, exhibited much lower respiration, 2-fold greater OAA concentrations, much lower RET (as marked by ROS), and much lower NADH and NADH/NAD+ ratios compared to the C57BL/6J IBAT mitochondria. UCP1 knock-out abolished OAA accumulation by succinate-energized mitochondria associated with markedly greater ΔΨ, ROS, and NADH, but equal or greater O2 flux compared to WT mitochondria. GDP addition, compared to no GDP, increased ΔΨ and complex II respiration in wildtype mice associated with much less OAA. Respiration on complex I substrates followed the more classical dynamics of greater respiration at lower ΔΨ. These findings support the above-mentioned mechanism for OAA- and ΔΨ-dependent complex II respiration and support its physiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Som
- Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Brian D Fink
- Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa and the Iowa City VA Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Carver College of Medicine NMR Core Facility, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - William I Sivitz
- Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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Lv H, Catarino J, Li D, Liu B, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Huang Y. A small-molecule degrader of TET3 as treatment for anorexia nervosa in an animal model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300015120. [PMID: 37036983 PMCID: PMC10120042 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300015120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness with the highest mortality. Current treatment options have been limited to psychotherapy and nutritional support, with low efficacy and high relapse rates. Hypothalamic AgRP (agouti-related peptide) neurons that coexpress AGRP and neuropeptide Y (NPY) play a critical role in driving feeding while also modulating other complex behaviors. We have previously reported that genetic ablation of Tet3, which encodes a member of the TET family dioxygenases, specifically in AgRP neurons in mice, activates these neurons and increases the expression of AGRP, NPY, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), leading to hyperphagia and anxiolytic effects. Bobcat339 is a synthetic small molecule predicted to bind to the catalytic pockets of TET proteins. Here, we report that Bobcat339 is effective in mitigating AN and anxiety/depressive-like behaviors using a well-established mouse model of activity-based anorexia (ABA). We show that treating mice with Bobcat339 decreases TET3 expression in AgRP neurons and activates these neurons leading to increased feeding, decreased compulsive running, and diminished lethality in the ABA model. Mechanistically, Bobcat339 induces TET3 protein degradation while simultaneously stimulating the expression of AGRP, NPY, and VGAT in a TET3-dependent manner both in mouse and human neuronal cells, demonstrating a conserved, previously unsuspected mode of action of Bobcat339. Our findings suggest that Bobcat339 may potentially be a therapeutic for anorexia nervosa and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Colling C, Bredella MA, Fazeli PK, Pachón-Peña G, Singh RJ, Rosen CJ, Miller KK. Changes in Serum Cortisol Levels After 10 Days of Overfeeding and Fasting. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E506-E513. [PMID: 37053050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic caloric deprivation and obesity are complicated by hypercortisolemia. The effects of acute overfeeding and fasting on circulating free cortisol levels and conversion of cortisone to free cortisol are unknown. We hypothesized that serum free cortisol and free cortisol-to-cortisone ratio would increase after both overfeeding and fasting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective study of 22 healthy volunteers who completed a 10-day high-calorie protocol followed by a 10-day fast, separated by a 2-week wash-out. Morning free and total cortisol and free cortisone levels (LC/MS) were performed at baseline and after 10 days of each intervention. RESULTS Both high-calorie feeding and fasting increased total and free cortisol and the free cortisol-to-free cortisone ratio (p=0.001 to p=0.046). There were sex interactions, with significant effects in men (p<0.001), but not women (p=0.898 and 1.000, respectively) in subset analyses examining the effects of fasting on free cortisol and the free-to-total cortisol ratio. CONCLUSION Overfeeding and fasting both increase circulating free cortisol levels and appear to alter the balance between cortisol and its inactive metabolite, cortisone. Further study is warranted to determine whether elevated cortisol levels contribute to complications of starvation and obesity, such as bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Colling
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Harvard Medical School; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
| | - Pouneh K Fazeli
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Gisela Pachón-Peña
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, United States
| | - Ravinder J Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, United States
| | | | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Zulkifli M, Spelbring A, Zhang Y, Soma S, Chen S, Li L, Le T, Shanbhag V, Petris M, Chen TY, Ralle M, Barondeau D, Gohil V. FDX1-dependent and independent mechanisms of elesclomol-mediated intracellular copper delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216722120. [PMID: 36848556 PMCID: PMC10013847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216722120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered the therapeutic potential of elesclomol (ES), a copper-ionophore, for copper deficiency disorders. However, we currently do not understand the mechanism by which copper brought into cells as ES-Cu(II) is released and delivered to cuproenzymes present in different subcellular compartments. Here, we have utilized a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell-biological approaches to demonstrate that intracellular release of copper from ES occurs inside and outside of mitochondria. The mitochondrial matrix reductase, FDX1, catalyzes the reduction of ES-Cu(II) to Cu(I), releasing it into mitochondria where it is bioavailable for the metalation of mitochondrial cuproenzyme- cytochrome c oxidase. Consistently, ES fails to rescue cytochrome c oxidase abundance and activity in copper-deficient cells lacking FDX1. In the absence of FDX1, the ES-dependent increase in cellular copper is attenuated but not abolished. Thus, ES-mediated copper delivery to nonmitochondrial cuproproteins continues even in the absence of FDX1, suggesting alternate mechanism(s) of copper release. Importantly, we demonstrate that this mechanism of copper transport by ES is distinct from other clinically used copper-transporting drugs. Our study uncovers a unique mode of intracellular copper delivery by ES and may further aid in repurposing this anticancer drug for copper deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Amy N. Spelbring
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77842
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204
| | - Shivatheja Soma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL60439
| | - Luxi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL60439
| | - Trung Le
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77842
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
- Department of Ophthalmology, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Michael J. Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
- Department of Ophthalmology, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Tai-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX77204
| | - Martina Ralle
- Molecular and Medical Genetics Department, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR97239
| | | | - Vishal M. Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
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Postić S, Sarikas S, Pfabe J, Pohorec V, Križančić Bombek L, Sluga N, Skelin Klemen M, Dolenšek J, Korošak D, Stožer A, Evans-Molina C, Johnson JD, Slak Rupnik M. High-resolution analysis of the cytosolic Ca 2+ events in β cell collectives in situ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E42-E55. [PMID: 36449570 PMCID: PMC9829482 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The release of peptide hormones is predominantly regulated by a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). To trigger exocytosis, Ca2+ ions enter the cytosol from intracellular Ca2+ stores or from the extracellular space. The molecular events of late stages of exocytosis, and their dependence on [Ca2+]c, were extensively described in isolated single cells from various endocrine glands. Notably, less work has been done on endocrine cells in situ to address the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c events contributing to a collective functional response of a gland. For this, β cell collectives in a pancreatic islet are particularly well suited as they are the smallest, experimentally manageable functional unit, where [Ca2+]c dynamics can be simultaneously assessed on both cellular and collective level. Here, we measured [Ca2+]c transients across all relevant timescales, from a subsecond to a minute time range, using high-resolution imaging with a low-affinity Ca2+ sensor. We quantified the recordings with a novel computational framework for automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification. Our results demonstrate that under physiological conditions the duration of [Ca2+]c events is variable, and segregated into three reproducible modes, subsecond, second, and tens of seconds time range, and are a result of a progressive temporal summation of the shortest events. Using pharmacological tools we show that activation of intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives, and that a subset of [Ca2+]c events could be triggered even in the absence of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. In aggregate, our experimental and analytical platform was able to readily address the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ receptors in shaping the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c responses in collectives of endocrine cells in situ.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological glucose or ryanodine stimulation of β cell collectives generates a large number of [Ca2+]c events, which can be rapidly assessed with our newly developed automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification pipeline. The event durations segregate into three reproducible modes produced by a progressive temporal summation. Using pharmacological tools, we show that activation of ryanodine intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Postić
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Srdjan Sarikas
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pfabe
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Nastja Sluga
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dean Korošak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea-European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Verlander JW, Lee HW, Wall SM, Harris AN, Weiner ID. The proximal tubule through an NBCe1-dependent mechanism regulates collecting duct phenotypic and remodeling responses to acidosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F12-F29. [PMID: 36264886 PMCID: PMC9762982 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00175.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The renal response to acid-base disturbances involves phenotypic and remodeling changes in the collecting duct. This study examines whether the proximal tubule controls these responses. We examined mice with genetic deletion of proteins present only in the proximal tubule, either the A variant or both A and B variants of isoform 1 of the electrogenic Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1). Both knockout (KO) mice have spontaneous metabolic acidosis. We then determined the collecting duct phenotypic responses to this acidosis and the remodeling responses to exogenous acid loading. Despite the spontaneous acidosis in NBCe1-A KO mice, type A intercalated cells in the inner stripe of the outer medullary collecting duct (OMCDis) exhibited decreased height and reduced expression of H+-ATPase, anion exchanger 1, Rhesus B glycoprotein, and Rhesus C glycoprotein. Combined kidney-specific NBCe1-A/B deletion induced similar changes. Ultrastructural imaging showed decreased apical plasma membrane and increased vesicular H+-ATPase in OMCDis type A intercalated cell in NBCe1-A KO mice. Next, we examined the collecting duct remodeling response to acidosis. In wild-type mice, acid loading increased the proportion of type A intercalated cells in the connecting tubule (CNT) and OMCDis, and it decreased the proportion of non-A, non-B intercalated cells in the connecting tubule, and type B intercalated cells in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). These changes were absent in NBCe1-A KO mice. We conclude that the collecting duct phenotypic and remodeling responses depend on proximal tubule-dependent signaling mechanisms blocked by constitutive deletion of proximal tubule NBCe1 proteins.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that the proximal tubule regulates collecting duct phenotypic and remodeling responses to acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Susan M Wall
- Renal Division, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Autumn N Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Deparment of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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50
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Atchison DK, O'Connor CL, Converso-Baran K, Bergin IL, Zhang H, Wang Y, Hartman JR, Ju W, Smrcka AV, Ganesh SK, Bitzer M. Phospholipase Cε insufficiency causes ascending aortic aneurysm and dissection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1376-H1387. [PMID: 36367690 PMCID: PMC9744656 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00262.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase Cε (PLCε) is a phospholipase C isoform with a wide range of physiological functions. It has been implicated in aortic valve disorders, but its role in frequently associated aortic disease remains unclear. To determine the role of PLCε in thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) we used PLCε-deficient mice, which develop aortic valve insufficiency and exhibit aortic dilation of the ascending thoracic aorta and arch without histopathological evidence of injury. Fourteen days of infusion of Plce1+/+ and Plce1-/- mice with angiotensin II (ANG II), which induces aortic dilation and dissection, led to sudden death secondary to ascending aortic dissection in 43% of Plce1-/- versus 5% of Plce1+/+ mice (P < 0.05). Medial degeneration and TAAD were detected in 80% of Plce1-/- compared with 10% of Plce1+/+ mice (P < 0.05) after 4 days of ANG II. Treatment with ANG II markedly increased PLCε expression within the ascending aortic adventitia. Total RNA sequencing demonstrated marked upregulation of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways mediated by interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In silico analysis of whole exome sequences of 258 patients with type A dissection identified 5 patients with nonsynonymous PLCE1 variants. Our data suggest that PLCε deficiency plays a role in the development of TAAD and aortic insufficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe a novel phenotype by which PLCε deficiency predisposes to aortic valve insufficiency and ascending aortic aneurysm, dissection, and sudden death in the setting of ANG II-mediated hypertension. We demonstrate PLCE1 variants in patients with type A aortic dissection and aortic insufficiency, suggesting that PLCE1 may also play a role in human aortic disease. This finding is of very high significance because it has not been previously demonstrated that PLCε directly mediates aortic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K Atchison
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Christopher L O'Connor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kimber Converso-Baran
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center Physiology and Phenotyping Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ingrid L Bergin
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- In Vivo Animal Core Facility, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yu Wang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John R Hartman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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