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Sumran G, Jain N, Kumar P, Aggarwal R. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as Versatile Synthons in Synthesis of Heterocycles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303599. [PMID: 38055226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl group relishes a privileged position in the realm of medicinal chemistry because its incorporation into organic molecules often enhances the bioactivity by altering pharmacological profile of molecule. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls have emerged as pivotal building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry due to their facile accessibility, stability and remarkable versatility. Owing to presence of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, they offer multifunctional sites for the reaction. This review covers a meticulous exploration of their multifaceted role, encompassing an in-depth analysis of mechanism, extensive scope, limitations and wide-ranging applications in diverse organic synthesis, covering the literature from the 21st century. This comprehensive review encapsulates the applications of trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls and their synthetic equivalents as precursors of complex and diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, fused heterocycles and spirocyclic compounds having medicinal and material importance. Their potent synthetic utility in cyclocondensation reactions with binucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, C-C bond formations, asymmetric multicomponent reactions using classical/solvent-free/catalytic synthesis have been presented. Influence of unsymmetrical trifluoromethyl-β-diketones on regioselectivity of transformation is also reviewed. This review will benefit the synthetic and pharmaceutical communities to explore trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as trifluoromethyl building blocks for fabrication of heterocyclic scaffolds having implementation into drug discovery programs in the imminent future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sumran
- Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City, 134 003, Haryana, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
| | - Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Dubey AK, Sharma M, Parul, Raut S, Gupta P, Khatri N. Healing wounds, defeating biofilms: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in tackling MRSA infections. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1284195. [PMID: 38116526 PMCID: PMC10728654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1284195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are well-known hospital-borne infections and are a major contributing factor to global health concerns of antimicrobial resistance due to the formation of biofilms. Probiotics are known to assist in the healing of wounds through immunomodulation and also possess anti-pathogen properties via competitive inhibition. The probiotic bacterium, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTCC 2621 and its cell-free supernatant (Lp2621) have previously been reported to have antibacterial, excellent antioxidant, and wound healing activity in in vitro conditions and wounds contaminated with S. aureus in mice. Methods In the current study, we evaluated its anti-MRSA, biofilm inhibition and eradication efficacy, immunomodulatory activity in THP-1 cells, and wound healing potential in wounds contaminated with MRSA infection in mice. Results In agar well diffusion assay, Lp2621 showed anti-MRSA activity and revealed dose-dependent inhibition and eradication of biofilm by crystal violet assay as well as by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. Further, Lp2621 showed immunomodulatory activity at varied concentrations as measured by IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression in THP-1 cells. Similar findings were observed in serum samples of mice after treatment of excision wound contaminated with MRSA infection by Lp2621 gel, as evident by expression of IL-6 (pro-inflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) cytokines. Conclusions Overall, our results show that Lp2621 has potent anti-MRSA and antioxidant properties and can prevent and eliminate biofilm formation. It also showed promise when applied to mice with MRSA-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Dubey
- IMTech Centre for Animal Resources & Experimentation (iCARE), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohini Sharma
- IMTech Centre for Animal Resources & Experimentation (iCARE), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul
- IMTech Centre for Animal Resources & Experimentation (iCARE), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sachin Raut
- IMTech Centre for Animal Resources & Experimentation (iCARE), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeraj Khatri
- IMTech Centre for Animal Resources & Experimentation (iCARE), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar N, Sharma R, Saharan V, Yadav A, Aggarwal NK. Enhanced Xylanolytic enzyme production from Parthenium hysterophorus through assessment of the RSM tool and their application in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:396. [PMID: 37970449 PMCID: PMC10643779 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorous, a widespread weed in India, contributes a substantial amount of lignocellulosic biomass. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of producing xylanase enzyme from P. hysterophorus weed biomass using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The impact of various physiological factors was confirmed through a two-step approach: first, a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) investigation, and subsequently, employing the RSM-based CCD method in statistical design. This research revealed that the RSM-based model led to the optimization of enzyme activity, resulting in a value of 2098.08 IU/gds for xylanase. This was achieved with an incubation time of 4.5 days, a medium pH of 6, and a cultivation temperature of 32.5 °C. Additionally, a pretreatment involving 1% NaOH and a 30-min autoclave treatment was found to alter the chemical composition of lignocellulose substrates (cellulose 43.87% and xylan 28.7%), thereby enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, fermentable sugars were produced by autoclave-assisted alkali pretreatment (NaOH-1.0% w/v) at rates of 219.6 ± 2.05 mg/gds-1 by utilizing the crude xylanase from A. niger and 291.3 ± 1.2 mg/gds-1 from commercial xylanase enzyme. Our study revealed that P. hysterophorus served as a viable and affordable substrate for fermentable sugar liberation, and xylanase is a rate-limiting enzyme in enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Vicky Saharan
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Neeraj K. Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
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Kumar V, Dahiya S, Budania S, Gupta AK, Sangwan P, Lather A, Kumar P, Kakker NK, Singh A. Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O-Specific Single Domain Antibody Expressed in the pET Expression System. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:337-343. [PMID: 37781019 PMCID: PMC10533770 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious disease of cloven-hoofed domesticated and wild animals, resulting in significant economic losses in many parts of the world. FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O is responsible for approximately 70% of global outbreaks. For detection of FMDV antigen or antibody, ELISAs are used worldwide and have several limitations, such as batch-to-batch variation in generating immunobiologicals, high production cost and ethical concerns over animal sacrifice. The use of single domain antibody (sdAb) or variable N-terminal domain of the heavy chain of heavy chain antibody (VHH) found naturally in camels has proven their effectiveness in diagnostics and therapeutics. In the present study, the anti-FMDV serotype O-specific VHH-C1 gene sequence (Accession no. KJ751546) was retrieved from the NCBI database. The gene was synthesized commercially in the pBluescript KS+ cloning vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells using the pET303/CT-His expression system with a C-terminal 6X-His tag. The expressed sdAb, verified by SDS‒PAGE and western blotting, was purified by Ni-chelate chromatography and used as a coating antibody in double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA for FMDV detection and typing. The sdAb exhibited a high binding affinity for FMDV serotype O, without any cross-reactivity toward serotypes A and Asia-1. It exhibited better thermostability up to 85 °C than conventional rabbit polyclonal anti-FMDV sera. The potential of sdAbs thus produced without sacrificing lab animals could be explored for replacing polyclonal sera in DAS-ELISA as well as for developing biosensors or lateral flow devices for FMDV type O detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Swati Dahiya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Savita Budania
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Akhil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Punesh Sangwan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Anshul Lather
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Kakker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
| | - Ajit Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004 India
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Samtiya M, Chandratre GA, Dhewa T, Badgujar PC, Sirohi R, Kumar A, Kumar A. A comparative study on comprehensive nutritional profiling of indigenous non-bio-fortified and bio-fortified varieties and bio-fortified hybrids of pearl millets. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1065-1076. [PMID: 36908360 PMCID: PMC9998779 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven indigenous pearl millet varieties, including non-bio-fortified (HC-10 & HC-20) and bio-fortified (Dhanashakti) and bio-fortified hybrids, viz., AHB-1200, HHB-299, HHB-311, and RHB-233, were studied in the present work. There was not any significant difference observed in the crucial anti-nutrients content, i.e., phytate (24.88-32.56 mg/g), tannin (3.07-4.35 mg/g), and oxalate (0.33-0.43 mg/g). Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity showed significantly high (p < 0.05) TPC and FRAP, TFC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in the HHB 299 and Dhanashakti, respectively. Quantitative analysis of polyphenols by HPLC (first report on these varieties) revealed that HHB-299 has the highest amount of gallic acid. Fatty acid profiling by GC-FID showed that Dhanashakti, AHB-1200, and HHB-299 have rich monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Mineral analysis by ICP-OES showed high iron (87.79 and 84.26 mg/kg) and zinc (55.05 and 52.43 mg/kg) content in the HHB-311 and Dhanashakti, respectively. Results of the present study would help facilitate the formulation of various processed functional food products (RTC/RTE) that are currently not reported/unavailable. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05452-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
| | - Gauri A. Chandratre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
| | - Prarabdh C. Badgujar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana 131 028 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123 031 India
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Aarti, Gaur A, Chand P, Shah J, Kotnala RK. Tin Oxide (SnO 2)-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-Based Hydroelectric Cells to Generate Large Current. ACS Omega 2022; 7:43647-43656. [PMID: 36506139 PMCID: PMC9730460 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotocatalytic water splitting through oxygen-deficient, mesoporous metal oxide design-based hydroelectric cells (HECs) is a well-known phenomenon. To exploit more power from HECs, a metal oxide with more oxygen deficiency is desirable. In this study, oxygen-deficient mesoporous SnO2 via a sol-gel method and its composites with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been presented. Raman spectra of SnO2-rGO nanocomposites revealed an increase in the oxygen vacancies, while the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the strain formation in the nanocomposite lattice owing to defect formation. The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results also indicated the presence of oxygen vacancies on the surface of SnO2, whereas Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements revealed that adding rGO into SnO2 increased the surface area from 44.54 to 84.00 m2 g-1. The water molecules are chemidissociated on the oxygen-deficient mesoporous surface of the pellet followed by physiodissociation at the mesopores. The redox reaction of the dissociated ions at the Zn anode and the Ag inert cathode produces current in the outer circuit. Interestingly, adding few drops of water into a SnO2-rGO-based HEC resulted in a short-circuit current of 148 mA with an open-cell voltage of 1.0 V. The maximum power delivered by the SnO2-rGO-based HEC is 148 mW. The addition of rGO into SnO2 boosts the peak current remarkably from 68 to 148 mA, which is the highest reported current generated by a hydroelectric cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti
- Department
of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra136119, India
| | - Anurag Gaur
- Department
of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra136119, India
- Department
of Physics, J.C. Bose University of Science
& Technology, YMCA, Faridabad121006, India
| | - Prakash Chand
- Department
of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra136119, India
| | - Jyoti Shah
- CSIR,
National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi110012, India
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