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Pham DL, Gillette AA, Riendeau J, Wiech K, Guzman EC, Datta R, Skala MC. Perspectives on label-free microscopy of heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems. J Biomed Opt 2025; 29:S22702. [PMID: 38434231 PMCID: PMC10903072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advancements in label-free microscopy could provide real-time, non-invasive imaging with unique sources of contrast and automated standardized analysis to characterize heterogeneous and dynamic biological processes. These tools would overcome challenges with widely used methods that are destructive (e.g., histology, flow cytometry) or lack cellular resolution (e.g., plate-based assays, whole animal bioluminescence imaging). Aim This perspective aims to (1) justify the need for label-free microscopy to track heterogeneous cellular functions over time and space within unperturbed systems and (2) recommend improvements regarding instrumentation, image analysis, and image interpretation to address these needs. Approach Three key research areas (cancer research, autoimmune disease, and tissue and cell engineering) are considered to support the need for label-free microscopy to characterize heterogeneity and dynamics within biological systems. Based on the strengths (e.g., multiple sources of molecular contrast, non-invasive monitoring) and weaknesses (e.g., imaging depth, image interpretation) of several label-free microscopy modalities, improvements for future imaging systems are recommended. Conclusion Improvements in instrumentation including strategies that increase resolution and imaging speed, standardization and centralization of image analysis tools, and robust data validation and interpretation will expand the applications of label-free microscopy to study heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. Pham
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | | | - Kasia Wiech
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Wang H, Koob T, Fromm JR, Gopal A, Carter D, Lieber A. CD46 and CD59 inhibitors enhance complement-dependent cytotoxicity of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and isatuximab in multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancy cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2314322. [PMID: 38361357 PMCID: PMC10877974 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2314322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of the B-cell lineage. Remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of MM with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab and isatuximab, which can kill MM cells by inducing complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). We showed that the CDC efficacy of daratumumab and isatuximab is limited by membrane complement inhibitors, including CD46 and CD59, which are upregulated in MM cells. We recently developed a small recombinant protein, Ad35K++, which is capable of transiently removing CD46 from the cell surface. We also produced a peptide inhibitor of CD59 (rILYd4). In this study, we tested Ad35K++ and rILYd4 in combination with daratumumab and isatuximab in MM cells as well as in cells from two other B-cell malignancies. We showed that Ad35K++ and rILYd4 increased CDC triggered by daratumumab and isatuximab. The combination of both inhibitors had an additive effect in vitro in primary MM cells as well as in vivo in a mouse xenograft model of MM. Daratumumab and isatuximab treatment of MM lines (without Ad35K++ or rILYd4) resulted in the upregulation of CD46/CD59 and/or survival of CD46high/CD59high MM cells that escaped the second round of daratumumab and isatuximab treatment. The escape in the second treatment cycle was prevented by the pretreatment of cells with Ad35K++. Overall, our data demonstrate that Ad35K++ and rILYd4 are efficient co-therapeutics of daratumumab and isatuximab, specifically in multi-cycle treatment regimens, and could be used to improve treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo Koob
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Fromm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ajay Gopal
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darrick Carter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - André Lieber
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- R&D, Compliment Corp, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Opsasnick LA, Zhao W, Schmitz LL, Ratliff SM, Faul JD, Zhou X, Needham BL, Smith JA. Epigenome-wide association study of long-term psychosocial stress in older adults. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2323907. [PMID: 38431869 PMCID: PMC10913704 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2323907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term psychosocial stress is strongly associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes, as well as adverse health behaviours; however, little is known about the role that stress plays on the epigenome. One proposed mechanism by which stress affects DNA methylation is through health behaviours. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of cumulative psychosocial stress (n = 2,689) from the Health and Retirement Study (mean age = 70.4 years), assessing DNA methylation (Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC Beadchip) at 789,656 CpG sites. For identified CpG sites, we conducted a formal mediation analysis to examine whether smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) mediate the relationship between stress and DNA methylation. Nine CpG sites were associated with psychosocial stress (all p < 9E-07; FDR q < 0.10). Additionally, health behaviours and/or BMI mediated 9.4% to 21.8% of the relationship between stress and methylation at eight of the nine CpGs. Several of the identified CpGs were in or near genes associated with cardiometabolic traits, psychosocial disorders, inflammation, and smoking. These findings support our hypothesis that psychosocial stress is associated with DNA methylation across the epigenome. Furthermore, specific health behaviours mediate only a modest percentage of this relationship, providing evidence that other mechanisms may link stress and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Opsasnick
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren L. Schmitz
- Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott M. Ratliff
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Parker SE, Annapragada B, Chestnut I, Fuchs J, Lee A, Sabharwal V, Wachman E, Yarrington C. Trimester and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2024; 43:2308922. [PMID: 38279906 PMCID: PMC10962656 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2024.2308922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy has been linked with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The aim of this study was to examine how both trimester and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact HDP. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals during pregnancy (n = 205) and examined the association between trimester and severity of infection with incidence of HDP using modified Poisson regression models to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We stratified the analysis of trimester by severity to understand the role of timing of infection among those with similar symptomatology and also examined timing of infection as a continuous variable. RESULTS Compared to a reference cohort from 2018, SARS-CoV-2 infection did not largely increase the risk of HDP (RR: 1.17; CI:0.90, 1.51), but a non-statistically significant higher risk of preeclampsia was observed (RR: 1.33; CI:0.89, 1.98), in our small sample. Among the SARS-CoV-2 cohort, severity was linked with risk of HDP, with infections requiring hospitalization increasing the risk of HDP compared to asymptomatic/mild infections. Trimester of infection was not associated with risk of HDP, but a slight decline in the risk of HDP was observed with later gestational week of infection. Among patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester conferred a higher risk of HDP compared to the third trimester (RR: 1.70; CI:0.77, 3.77), although estimates were imprecise. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy may increase the risk of HDP compared to infection later in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Idalis Chestnut
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Jessica Fuchs
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Annette Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Vishakha Sabharwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Elisha Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Christina Yarrington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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5
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Nguyen PT, Harris BJ, Mateos DL, González AH, Murray AM, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Structural modeling of ion channels using AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold2, and ESMFold. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2325032. [PMID: 38445990 PMCID: PMC10936637 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2325032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play key roles in human physiology and are important targets in drug discovery. The atomic-scale structures of ion channels provide invaluable insights into a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and modulation. Recent breakthroughs in deep learning-based computational methods, such as AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold have transformed research in protein structure prediction and design. We review the application of AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold to structural modeling of ion channels using representative voltage-gated ion channels, including human voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel - NaV1.8, human voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channel - CaV1.1, and human voltage-gated potassium (KV) channel - KV1.3. We compared AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold structural models of NaV1.8, CaV1.1, and KV1.3 with corresponding cryo-EM structures to assess details of their similarities and differences. Our findings shed light on the strengths and limitations of the current state-of-the-art deep learning-based computational methods for modeling ion channel structures, offering valuable insights to guide their future applications for ion channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tran Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brandon John Harris
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Diego Lopez Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Hernández González
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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Morgan D, DeMeo DL, Glass K. Using methylation data to improve transcription factor binding prediction. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2309826. [PMID: 38300850 PMCID: PMC10841018 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2309826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Modelling the regulatory mechanisms that determine cell fate, response to external perturbation, and disease state depends on measuring many factors, a task made more difficult by the plasticity of the epigenome. Scanning the genome for the sequence patterns defined by Position Weight Matrices (PWM) can be used to estimate transcription factor (TF) binding locations. However, this approach does not incorporate information regarding the epigenetic context necessary for TF binding. CpG methylation is an epigenetic mark influenced by environmental factors that is commonly assayed in human cohort studies. We developed a framework to score inferred TF binding locations using methylation data. We intersected motif locations identified using PWMs with methylation information captured in both whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and Illumina EPIC array data for six cell lines, scored motif locations based on these data, and compared with experimental data characterizing TF binding (ChIP-seq). We found that for most TFs, binding prediction improves using methylation-based scoring compared to standard PWM-scores. We also illustrate that our approach can be generalized to infer TF binding when methylation information is only proximally available, i.e. measured for nearby CpGs that do not directly overlap with a motif location. Overall, our approach provides a framework for inferring context-specific TF binding using methylation data. Importantly, the availability of DNA methylation data in existing patient populations provides an opportunity to use our approach to understand the impact of methylation on gene regulatory processes in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morgan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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COZZI-GLASER GD, BLANCHARD CT, STANFORD JN, OBEN AG, JAUK VC, SZYCHOWSKI JM, SUBRAMANIAM A, BATTARBEE AN, CASEY BM, Tita AT, Sinkey RG. Outcomes in low-risk patients before and after an institutional policy offering 39-week elective induction of labor. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2295223. [PMID: 38124289 PMCID: PMC10958525 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2295223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elective induction of labor versus expectant management at 39 weeks gestation in low-risk nulliparous patients was shown in the ARRIVE randomized trial of over 6000 patients to decrease risks of cesarean delivery without significant change in the composite perinatal outcome. We aimed to pragmatically analyze the effect of offering elective induction of labor (eIOL) to all low-risk patients. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of low-risk nulliparous and multiparous patients delivering live, non-anomalous singletons at a single center at greater than or equal to 39 0/7 weeks gestational age. Those with prior or planned cesarean delivery, ruptured membranes, medical comorbidities, or contraindications to vaginal delivery were excluded. Patients were categorized as before (pre-eIOL; 1/2012-3/2014) or after (post-eIOL; 3/2019-12/2021) an institution-wide policy offering eIOL at 39 0/7 weeks. Births occurring April 2014 to December 2018 were allocated to a separate cohort (during-eIOL) given increased exposure to eIOL as our center recruited participants for the ARRIVE trial. The primary outcome was cesarean birth. Secondary outcomes included select maternal (e.g. chorioamnionitis, operative delivery, postpartum hemorrhage) and neonatal morbidities (e.g. birthweight, small- and large-for gestational age, hypoglycemia). Characteristics and outcomes were compared between the pre and during-eIOL, and pre and post-eIOL groups; adjusted OR (95% CI) were calculated using multivariable regression. Subgroup analysis by parity was planned. RESULTS Of 10,758 patients analyzed, 2521 (23.4%) were pre-eIOL, 5410 (50.3%) during-eIOL, and 2827 (26.3%) post-eIOL. Groups differed with respect to labor type, age, race/ethnicity, marital and payor status, and gestational age at care entry. Post-eIOL was associated with lower odds of cesarean compared to pre-eIOL (aOR 0.83 [95% CI 0.72-0.96]), which was even lower among those specifically undergoing labor induction (aOR 0.58 [0.48-0.70]. During-eIOL was also associated with lower odds of cesarean compared to pre-eIOL (aOR 0.79 [0.69-0.90]). Both during and post-eIOL groups were associated with higher odds of chorioamnionitis, operative delivery, and hemorrhage compared to pre-eIOL. However, only among post-eIOL were there fewer neonates weighing ≥4000 g, large-for-gestational age infants, and neonatal hypoglycemia compared to pre-IOL. CONCLUSION An institutional policy offering eIOL at 39 0/7 to low-risk patients was associated with a lower cesarean birth rate, lower birthweights and lower neonatal hypoglycemia, and an increased risk of chorioamnionitis and hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D COZZI-GLASER
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Jenna N STANFORD
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ayamo G OBEN
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Victoria C JAUK
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jeff M SZYCHOWSKI
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Akila SUBRAMANIAM
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ashley N BATTARBEE
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Brian M CASEY
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Alan T Tita
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Rachel G Sinkey
- Center for Women’s Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Mathews R, Setthavongsack N, Le-Cook A, Kaempf A, Loftis JM, Woltjer RL, Lorentz CU, Revenko A, Hinds MT, Nguyen KP. Role of platelet count in a murine stasis model of deep vein thrombosis. Platelets 2024; 35:2290916. [PMID: 38099327 PMCID: PMC10805383 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2290916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are core components of thrombi but their effect on thrombus burden during deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has not been fully characterized. We examined the role of thrombopoietin-altered platelet count on thrombus burden in a murine stasis model of DVT. To modulate platelet count compared to baseline, CD1 mice were pretreated with thrombopoietin antisense oligonucleotide (THPO-ASO, 56% decrease), thrombopoietin mimetic (TPO-mimetic, 36% increase), or saline (within 1%). Thrombi and vein walls were examined on postoperative days (POD) 3 and 7. Thrombus weights on POD 3 were not different between treatment groups (p = .84). The mean thrombus weights on POD 7 were significantly increased in the TPO-mimetic cohort compared to the THPO-ASO (p = .005) and the saline (p = .012) cohorts. Histological grading at POD 3 revealed a significantly increased smooth muscle cell presence in the thrombi and CD31 positive channeling in the vein wall of the TPO-mimetic cohort compared to the saline and THPO-ASO cohorts (p < .05). No differences were observed in histology on POD 7. Thrombopoietin-induced increased platelet count increased thrombus weight on POD 7 indicating platelet count may regulate thrombus burden during early resolution of venous thrombi in this murine stasis model of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Mathews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Naly Setthavongsack
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anh Le-Cook
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andy Kaempf
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Monica T Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Khanh P Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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9
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Lundin JI, Peters U, Hu Y, Ammous F, Avery CL, Benjamin EJ, Bis JC, Brody JA, Carlson C, Cushman M, Gignoux C, Guo X, Haessler J, Haiman C, Joehanes R, Kasela S, Kenny E, Lapalainien T, Levy D, Liu C, Liu Y, Loos RJ, Lu A, Matise T, North KE, Park SL, Ratliff SM, Reiner A, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Smith JA, Sotoodehnia N, Tracy R, Van den Berg D, Xu H, Ye T, Zhao W, Raffield LM, Kooperberg C. Methylation patterns associated with C-reactive protein in racially and ethnically diverse populations. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2333668. [PMID: 38571307 PMCID: PMC10996836 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2333668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic low-grade inflammation is a feature of chronic disease. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a common biomarker of inflammation and used as an indicator of disease risk; however, the role of inflammation in disease is not completely understood. Methylation is an epigenetic modification in the DNA which plays a pivotal role in gene expression. In this study we evaluated differential DNA methylation patterns associated with blood CRP level to elucidate biological pathways and genetic regulatory mechanisms to improve the understanding of chronic inflammation. The racially and ethnically diverse participants in this study were included as 50% White, 41% Black or African American, 7% Hispanic or Latino/a, and 2% Native Hawaiian, Asian American, American Indian, or Alaska Native (total n = 13,433) individuals. We replicated 113 CpG sites from 87 unique loci, of which five were novel (CADM3, NALCN, NLRC5, ZNF792, and cg03282312), across a discovery set of 1,150 CpG sites associated with CRP level (p < 1.2E-7). The downstream pathways affected by DNA methylation included the identification of IFI16 and IRF7 CpG-gene transcript pairs which contributed to the innate immune response gene enrichment pathway along with NLRC5, NOD2, and AIM2. Gene enrichment analysis also identified the nuclear factor-kappaB transcription pathway. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) we inferred methylation at three CpG sites as causal for CRP levels using both White and Black or African American MR instrument variables. Overall, we identified novel CpG sites and gene transcripts that could be valuable in understanding the specific cellular processes and pathogenic mechanisms involved in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Lundin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Farah Ammous
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Chris Gignoux
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Haiman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eimear Kenny
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ake Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California LA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sungshim L. Park
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Scott M. Ratliff
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alex Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Russell Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David Van den Berg
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huichun Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - On Behalf of the PAGE Study
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California LA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Wang R, Wu S, Wang J, Li W, Cui J, Yao Z. A nonlinear correlation between the serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and the prevalence of hypertension: a large cross-sectional population-based study. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2296002. [PMID: 38186345 PMCID: PMC10776046 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2296002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the serum uric acid to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio and the prevalence of hypertension. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included 8571 individuals from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyze the relationship between the UA/Cr ratio and hypertension. RESULTS Compared with individuals without hypertension, individuals with hypertension had higher UA/Cr ratios. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher UA/Cr ratio was closely related to a higher risk of hypertension (as a continuous variable, OR: 1.054, 95% CI: 1.014-1.095, p = 0.007; as a categorical variable, Q3 vs. Q1, OR: 1.183, 95% CI: 1.011-1.384, p = 0.035; Q4 vs. Q1, OR: 1.347, 95% CI: 1.146-1.582, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the correlation between the UA/Cr ratio and hypertension risk was stable in all subgroups except for the subgroup with diabetes and the subgroup with a BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 (p < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the relationship between a higher UA/Cr ratio and a higher risk of hypertension (p < 0.05). The RCS showed that the UA/Cr ratio was nonlinearly related to hypertension risk. Further threshold effect showed that only a UA/Cr ratio less than 5.0 was related to hypertension risk (OR: 1.178, 95% CI: 1.086-1.278, p < 0.001), and the 2-piecewise linear regression model was superior to the 1-line linear regression model (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The UA/Cr ratio was associated with the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuhua Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Chittum JE, Thompson A, Desai UR. Glycosaminoglycan microarrays for studying glycosaminoglycan-protein systems. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122106. [PMID: 38616080 PMCID: PMC11032185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
More than 3000 proteins are now known to bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Yet, GAG-protein systems are rather poorly understood in terms of selectivity of recognition, molecular mechanism of action, and translational promise. High-throughput screening (HTS) technologies are critically needed for studying GAG biology and developing GAG-based therapeutics. Microarrays, developed within the past two decades, have now improved to the point of being the preferred tool in the HTS of biomolecules. GAG microarrays, in which GAG sequences are immobilized on slides, while similar to other microarrays, have their own sets of challenges and considerations. GAG microarrays are rapidly becoming the first choice in studying GAG-protein systems. Here, we review different modalities and applications of GAG microarrays presented to date. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of this technology, explain covalent and non-covalent immobilization strategies using different chemically reactive groups, and present various assay formats for qualitative and quantitative interpretations, including selectivity screening, binding affinity studies, competitive binding studies etc. We also highlight recent advances in implementing this technology, cataloging of data, and project its future promise. Overall, the technology of GAG microarray exhibits enormous potential of evolving into more than a mere screening tool for studying GAG - protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Chittum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America
| | - Ally Thompson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America
| | - Umesh R Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States of America.
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12
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Ozkan E, Estes Bright LM, Kumar A, Pandey R, Devine R, Francis D, Ghalei S, Ashcraft M, Maffe P, Brooks M, Shome A, Garren M, Handa H. Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces with silver and nitric oxide-releasing capabilities to prevent device-associated infections and thrombosis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:928-937. [PMID: 38503078 PMCID: PMC11025530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria-associated infections and thrombus formation are the two major complications plaguing the application of blood-contacting medical devices. Therefore, functionalized surfaces and drug delivery for passive and active antifouling strategies have been employed. Herein, we report the novel integration of bio-inspired superhydrophobicity with nitric oxide release to obtain a functional polymeric material with anti-thrombogenic and antimicrobial characteristics. The nitric oxide release acts as an antimicrobial agent and platelet inhibitor, while the superhydrophobic components prevent non-specific biofouling. Widely used medical-grade silicone rubber (SR) substrates that are known to be susceptible to biofilm and thrombus formation were dip-coated with fluorinated silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using an adhesive polymer as a binder. Thereafter, the resulting superhydrophobic (SH) SR substrates were impregnated with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, an NO donor) to obtain a superhydrophobic, Ag-bound, NO-releasing (SH-SiAgNO) surface. The SH-SiAgNO surfaces had the lowest amount of viable adhered E. coli (> 99.9 % reduction), S. aureus (> 99.8 % reduction), and platelets (> 96.1 % reduction) as compared to controls while demonstrating no cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cells. Thus, this innovative approach is the first to combine SNAP with an antifouling SH polymer surface that possesses the immense potential to minimize medical device-associated complications without using conventional systemic anticoagulation and antibiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Ozkan
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lori M Estes Bright
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rashmi Pandey
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ryan Devine
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Divine Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sama Ghalei
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Morgan Ashcraft
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Patrick Maffe
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Megan Brooks
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arpita Shome
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mark Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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13
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Li X, Li J, Samuelsson AM, Thakur H, Kapiloff MS. Protein phosphatase 2A anchoring disruptor gene therapy for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101233. [PMID: 38572067 PMCID: PMC10988123 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a prevalent cause of heart failure that results from the mutation of genes encoding proteins of diverse function. Despite modern therapy, dilated cardiomyopathy typically has a poor outcome and is the leading cause of cardiac transplantation. The phosphatase PP2A at cardiomyocyte perinuclear mAKAPβ signalosomes promotes pathological eccentric cardiac remodeling, as is characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy. Displacement of PP2A from mAKAPβ, inhibiting PP2A function in that intracellular compartment, can be achieved by expression of a mAKAPβ-derived PP2A binding domain-derived peptide. To test whether PP2A anchoring disruption would be effective at preventing dilated cardiomyopathy-associated cardiac dysfunction, the adeno-associated virus gene therapy vector AAV9sc.PBD was devised to express the disrupting peptide in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Proof-of-concept is now provided that AAV9sc.PBD improves the cardiac structure and function of a cardiomyopathy mouse model involving transgenic expression of a mutant α-tropomyosin E54K Tpm1 allele, while AAV9sc.PBD has no effect on normal non-transgenic mice. At the cellular level, AAV9sc.PBD restores cardiomyocyte morphology and gene expression in the mutant Tpm1 mouse. As the mechanism of AAV9sc.PBD action suggests potential efficacy in dilated cardiomyopathy regardless of the underlying etiology, these data support the further testing of AAV9sc.PBD as a broad-based treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jinliang Li
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Anne-Maj Samuelsson
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hrishikesh Thakur
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael S. Kapiloff
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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14
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Fullenkamp DE, Willis AB, Curtin JL, Amaral AP, Dittloff KT, Harris SI, Chychula IA, Holgren CW, Burridge PW, Russell B, Demonbreun AR, McNally EM. Physiological stress improves stem cell modeling of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050487. [PMID: 38050701 PMCID: PMC10820750 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure contributes to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which arises from mutations that ablate dystrophin, rendering the plasma membrane prone to disruption. Cardiomyocyte membrane breakdown in patients with DMD yields a serum injury profile similar to other types of myocardial injury with the release of creatine kinase and troponin isoforms. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are highly useful but can be improved. We generated hiPSC-CMs from a patient with DMD and subjected these cells to equibiaxial mechanical strain to mimic in vivo stress. Compared to healthy cells, DMD hiPSC-CMs demonstrated greater susceptibility to equibiaxial strain after 2 h at 10% strain. We generated an aptamer-based profile of proteins released from hiPSC-CMs both at rest and subjected to strain and identified a strong correlation in the mechanical stress-induced proteome from hiPSC-CMs and serum from patients with DMD. We exposed hiPSC-CMs to recombinant annexin A6, a protein resealing agent, and found reduced biomarker release in DMD and control hiPSC-CMs subjected to strain. Thus, the application of mechanical strain to hiPSC-CMs produces a model that reflects an in vivo injury profile, providing a platform to assess pharmacologic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic E. Fullenkamp
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander B. Willis
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jodi L. Curtin
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ansel P. Amaral
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kyle T. Dittloff
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sloane I. Harris
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ivana A. Chychula
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cory W. Holgren
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul W. Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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15
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Karbasion N, Xu Y, Snider JC, Bersi MR. Primary Mouse Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Exhibit Region- and Sex-Dependent Biological Responses In Vitro. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:060904. [PMID: 38421345 PMCID: PMC11005860 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite advancements in elucidating biological mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. When stratified by sex, clear differences in CVD prevalence and mortality between males and females emerge. Regional differences in phenotype and biological response of cardiovascular cells are important for localizing the initiation and progression of CVD. Thus, to better understand region and sex differences in CVD presentation, we have focused on characterizing in vitro behaviors of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the thoracic and abdominal aorta of male and female mice. VSMC contractility was assessed by traction force microscopy (TFM; single cell) and collagen gel contraction (collective) with and without stimulation by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and cell proliferation was assessed by a colorimetric metabolic assay (MTT). Gene expression and TFM analysis revealed region- and sex-dependent behaviors, whereas collagen gel contraction was consistent across sex and aortic region under baseline conditions. Thoracic VSMCs showed a sex-dependent sensitivity to TGF-β1-induced collagen gel contraction (female > male; p = 0.025) and a sex-dependent proliferative response (female > male; p < 0.001) that was not apparent in abdominal VSMCs. Although primary VSMCs exhibit intrinsic region and sex differences in biological responses that may be relevant for CVD presentation, several factors-such as inflammation and sex hormones-were not included in this study. Such factors should be included in future studies of in vitro mechanobiological responses relevant to CVD differences in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyousha Karbasion
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Yujun Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Washington University in St. Louis
| | - J. Caleb Snider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Matthew R. Bersi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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16
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Bray J, Rea T, Parnia S, Morgan RW, Wik L, Sutton R. Wolf Creek XVII Part 6: Physiology-Guided CPR. Resusc Plus 2024; 18:100589. [PMID: 38444864 PMCID: PMC10912729 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physiology-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) offers the potential to optimize resuscitation and enable early prognosis. Methods Physiology-Guided CPR was one of six focus topic for the Wolf Creek XVII Conference held on June 14-17, 2023 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. International thought leaders and scientists in the field of cardiac arrest resuscitation from academia and industry were invited. Participants submitted via online survey knowledge gaps, barriers to translation and research priorities for each focus topic. Expert panels used the survey results and their own perspectives and insights to create and present a preliminary unranked list for each category, which was then debated, revised and ranked by all attendees to identify the top 5 for each category. Results Top knowledge gaps include identifying optimal strategies for the evaluation of physiology-guided CPR and the optimal values for existing patients using patient outcomes. The main barriers to translation are the limited usability outside of critical care environments and the training and equipment required for monitoring. The top research priorities are the development of clinically feasible and reliable methods to continuously and non-invasively monitor physiology during CPR and prospective human studies proving targeting parameters during CPR improves outcomes. Conclusion Physiology-guided CPR has the potential to provide individualized resuscitation and move away from a one-size-fits-all approach. Current understanding is limited, and clinical trials are lacking. Future developments need to consider the clinical application and applicability of measurement to all healthcare settings. Therefore, clinical trials using physiology-guided CPR for individualisation of resuscitation efforts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Bray
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Tom Rea
- Emergency Medical Services Division of Public Health - Seattle & King County, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, United States
| | - Sam Parnia
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ryan W. Morgan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Lars Wik
- National Service of Competence for Prehospital Acute Medicine (NAKOS), Department of Air Ambulance, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital HF, Oslo, Norway
- Ullevål Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Sutton
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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17
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Tang C, Zhang H, Border JJ, Liu Y, Fang X, Jefferson JR, Gregory A, Johnson C, Lee TJ, Bai S, Sharma A, Shin SM, Yu H, Roman RJ, Fan F. Impact of knockout of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 on structural and mechanical properties of rat middle cerebral arteries: implications for vascular aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:3135-3147. [PMID: 38200357 PMCID: PMC11009215 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging influences hemodynamics, elevating risks for vascular diseases and dementia. We recently demonstrated that knockout (KO) of Dusp5 enhances cerebral and renal hemodynamics and cognitive function. This improvement correlates with elevated pPKC and pERK1/2 levels in the brain and kidneys. Additionally, we observed that Dusp5 KO modulates the passive mechanical properties of cerebral and renal arterioles, associated with increased myogenic tone at low pressure, enhanced distensibility, greater compliance, and reduced stiffness. The present study evaluates the structural and mechanical properties of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in Dusp5 KO rats. We found that vascular smooth muscle cell layers and the collagen content in the MCA wall are comparable between Dusp5 KO and control rats. The internal elastic lamina in the MCA of Dusp5 KO rats exhibits increased thickness, higher autofluorescence intensity, smaller fenestrae areas, and fewer fenestrations. Despite an enhanced myogenic response and tone of the MCA in Dusp5 KO rats, other passive mechanical properties, such as wall thickness, cross-sectional area, wall-to-lumen ratio, distensibility, incremental elasticity, circumferential wall stress, and elastic modulus, do not significantly differ between strains. These findings suggest that while Dusp5 KO has a limited impact on altering the structural and mechanical properties of MCA, its primary role in ameliorating hemodynamics and cognitive functions is likely attributable to its enzymatic activity on cerebral arterioles. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific enzymatic mechanisms and explore potential clinical applications in the context of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Tang
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jane J Border
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joshua R Jefferson
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Claire Johnson
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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18
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Gathright EC, Hughes JW, Sun S, Storlazzi LE, DeCosta J, Balletto BL, Carey MP, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Salmoirago-Blotcher E. Effects of stress management interventions on heart rate variability in adults with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Med 2024; 47:374-388. [PMID: 38478157 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Meta-analysis was used to investigate the potential benefits of stress management interventions (SMIs) on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) in adults with cardiovascular disease. Electronic bibliographic databases were searched through August 2022. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies assessing effects of SMIs on HRV were included. Methodological quality was assessed with a standardized checklist. A pooled effect size was calculated for vagally-mediated HRV indices (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of the successive differences, and high frequency power) using random effects models. Fourteen studies (1202 participants, Mage: 59 ± 6.25 years; 25% ± 16% women; 61% ± 22% White) were included. Ten studies (11 effects) reported short-term HRV assessment; a small between-group difference emerged for vagally-mediated HRV (d+ = .27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.52, k = 11). Most interventions examined biofeedback; these studies yielded a small between-group difference on vagally-mediated HRV (d+ = 0.31, 95% CI 0.09-0.53, k = 7, Q [6] = 3.82, p = .70, I2 = 11%). This is the first systematic examination of the effect of SMIs on HRV in adults with CVD. Findings suggest a small effect of SMIs on vagally-mediated HRV, with biofeedback likely driving the effect. More research is required to fully understand whether this benefit on vagally-mediated HRV applies to other SMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Gathright
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Joel W Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laurie E Storlazzi
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Julie DeCosta
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Brittany L Balletto
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Young ER, Martin C, Ribaudo J, Xia X, Moritz WR, Madira S, Zayed MA, Sacks JM, Li X. Surface Modification of PEEKs with Cyclic Peptides to Support Endothelialization and Antithrombogenicity. Mater Today Commun 2024; 39:108664. [PMID: 38618226 PMCID: PMC11008579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are often utilized in the creation of vascular devices, and need to possess specific qualities to prevent thrombosis. Traditional strategies for this include surface modification of vascular devices through covalent attachment of substrates such as heparin, antiplatelet agents, thrombolytic agents, or hydrophilic polymers. One promising prosthetic material is polyether ether ketone (PEEK), which is utilized in various FDA-approved medical devices, including vascular and endovascular prostheses. We hypothesized that surface modification of biologically inert PEEK can help improve its endothelial cell affinity and reduce its thrombogenic potential. To evaluate this, we developed an effective surface-modification approach with unique cyclic peptides, such as CCHGGVRLYC and CCREDVC. We treated the PEEK surface with ammonia plasma, which introduced amine groups onto the PEEK surface. Subsequently, we were able to conjugate these peptides to the plasma-modified PEEKs. We observed that cyclic CCHGGVRLYC conjugated on prosthetic PEEK not only supported endothelialization, but minimized platelet adhesion and activation. This technology can be potentially applied for in vivo vascular and endovascular protheses to enhance their utility and patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Young
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Cameron Martin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph Ribaudo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaochao Xia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - William R. Moritz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Sarah Madira
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
- St. Louis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, St. Louis, MO
| | - Justin M. Sacks
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
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20
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Golino M, Harding D, Del Buono MG, Fanti S, Mohiddin S, Toldo S, Smyth J, Sanna T, Marelli-Berg F, Abbate A. Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 404:131901. [PMID: 38403204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocarditis is an acute inflammatory cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac damage triggered by a virus or a pathological immune activation. It may present with a wide range of clinical presentations, ranging from mild symptoms to severe forms like fulminant myocarditis, characterized by hemodynamic compromise and cardiogenic shock. The immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. In fact, while its function is primarily protective, aberrant responses can be detrimental. In this context, both innate and adaptive immunity play pivotal roles; notably, the innate system offers a non-specific and immediate defense, while the adaptive provides specialized protection with immunological memory. However, dysregulation in these systems can misidentify cardiac tissue, triggering autoimmune reactions and possibly leading to significant cardiac tissue damage. This review highlights the importance of innate and adaptive immune responses in the progression and treatment of acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Golino
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America; Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Harding
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saidi Mohiddin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom; Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - James Smyth
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carillion, Roanoke, VA, United States of America; Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Tommaso Sanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
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21
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Hatai D, Levenson MT, Rehan VK, Allard P. Inter- and trans-generational impacts of environmental exposures on the germline resolved at the single-cell level. Curr Opin Toxicol 2024; 38:100465. [PMID: 38586548 PMCID: PMC10993723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2024.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Reproduction is a remarkably intricate process involving the interaction of multiple cell types and organ systems unfolding over long periods of time and that culminates with the production of gametes. The initiation of germ cell development takes place during embryogenesis but only completes decades later in humans. The complexity inherent to reproduction and its study has long hampered our ability to decipher how environmental agents disrupt this process. Single-cell approaches provide an opportunity for a deeper understanding of the action of toxicants on germline function and analyze how the response to their exposure is differentially distributed across tissues and cell types. In addition to single-cell RNA sequencing, other single-cell or nucleus level approaches such as ATAC-sequencing and multi-omics have expanded the strategies that can be implemented in reproductive toxicological studies to include epigenomic and the nuclear transcriptomic data. Here we will discuss the current state of single-cell technologies and how they can best be utilized to advance reproductive toxicological studies. We will then discuss case studies in two model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse) studying different environmental exposures (alcohol and e-cigarettes respectively) to highlight the value of single-cell and single-nucleus approaches for reproductive biology and reproductive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Hatai
- UCLA Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max T. Levenson
- UCLA Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- UCLA Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- UCLA Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Warner LL, Thalji L, Hunter Guevara LR, Warner MA, Kor DJ, Warner DO, Hanson AC, Nemergut ME. Transfusion targets and adverse events in pediatric perioperative acute Anemia. J Clin Anesth 2024; 94:111405. [PMID: 38309132 PMCID: PMC10939750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between pretransfusion and posttransfusion hemoglobin concentrations and the outcomes of children undergoing noncardiac surgery. DESIGN Retrospective review of patient records. We focused on initial postoperative hemoglobin concentrations, which may provide a more useful representation of transfusion adequacy than pretransfusion hemoglobin triggers (the latter often cannot be obtained during acute surgical hemorrhage). SETTING Single-center, observational cohort study. PATIENTS We evaluated all pediatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery who received intraoperative red blood cell transfusions from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2018. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS Associations between pre- and posttransfusion hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL), hospital-free days, intensive care unit admission, postoperative mechanical ventilation, and infectious complications were evaluated with multivariable regression modeling. MAIN RESULTS In total, 113,713 unique noncardiac surgical procedures in pediatric patients were evaluated, and 741 procedures met inclusion criteria (median [range] age, 7 [1-14] years). Four hundred ninety-eight patients (68%) with a known preoperative hemoglobin level had anemia; of these, 14% had a preexisting diagnosis of anemia in their health record. Median (IQR) pretransfusion hemoglobin concentration was 8.1 (7.4-9.2) g/dL and median (IQR) initial postoperative hemoglobin concentration was 10.4 (9.3-11.6) g/dL. Each decrease of 1 g/dL in the initial postoperative hemoglobin concentration was associated with increased odds of transfusion within the first 24 postoperative hours (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.62 [1.37-1.93]; P < .001). No significant relationships were observed between postoperative hemoglobin concentrations and hospital-free days (P = .56), intensive care unit admission (P = .71), postoperative mechanical ventilation (P = .63), or infectious complications (P = .74). CONCLUSIONS In transfused patients, there was no association between postoperative hemoglobin values and clinical outcomes, except the need for subsequent transfusion. Most transfused patients presented to the operating room with anemia, which suggests a potential opportunity for perioperative optimization of health before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Leanne Thalji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lindsay R Hunter Guevara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Daryl J Kor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - David O Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Hanson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michael E Nemergut
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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23
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Murray KO, Maurer GS, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Zigler MC, Ludwig KR, D'Alessandro A, Reisz JA, Rossman MJ, Seals DR, Clayton ZS. The plasma metabolome is associated with preservation of physiological function following lifelong aerobic exercise in mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3311-3324. [PMID: 38265578 PMCID: PMC11009171 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Declines in physiological function with aging are strongly linked to age-related diseases. Lifelong voluntary aerobic exercise (LVAE) preserves physiological function with aging, possibly by increasing cellular quality control processes, but the circulating molecular transducers mediating these processes are incompletely understood. The plasma metabolome may predict biological aging and is impacted by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Here, we conducted an ancillary analysis using plasma samples, and physiological function data, from previously reported studies of LVAE in male C57BL/6N mice randomized to LVAE (wheel running) or sedentary (SED) (n = 8-9/group) to determine if LVAE alters the plasma metabolome and whether these changes correlated with preservation of physiological function with LVAE. Physical function (grip strength, coordination, and endurance) was assessed at 3 and 18 months of age; vascular endothelial function and the plasma metabolome were assessed at 19 months. Physical function was preserved (%decline; mean ± SEM) with LVAE vs SED (all p < 0.05)-grip strength, 0.4 ± 1.7% vs 12 ± 4.0%; coordination, 10 ± 4% vs 73 ± 10%; endurance, 1 ± 15% vs 61 ± 5%. Vascular endothelial function with LVAE (88.2 ± 2.0%) was higher than SED (79.1 ± 2.5%; p = 0.03) and similar to the young controls (91.4 ± 2.9%). Fifteen metabolites were different with LVAE compared to SED (FDR < 0.05) and correlated with the preservation of physiological function. Plasma spermidine, a polyamine that increases cellular quality control (e.g., autophagy), correlated with all assessed physiological indices. Autophagy (LC3A/B abundance) was higher in LVAE skeletal muscle compared to SED (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with plasma spermidine (r = - 0.5297; p = 0.054). These findings provide novel insight into the circulating molecular transducers by which LVAE may preserve physiological function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Grace S Maurer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Melanie C Zigler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Katelyn R Ludwig
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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Donahue CL, Badal RM, Younger TS, Guan W, Tolkacheva EG, Barocas VH. Atherosclerotic Calcifications Have a Local Effect on the Peel Behavior of Human Aortic Media. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:061003. [PMID: 38329432 PMCID: PMC10983699 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aortic dissections, characterized by the propagation of a tear through the layers of the vessel wall, are critical, life-threatening events. Aortic calcifications are a common comorbidity in both acute and chronic dissections, yet their impact on dissection mechanics remains unclear. Using micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging, peel testing, and finite element modeling, this study examines the interplay between atherosclerotic calcifications and dissection mechanics. Samples cut from cadaveric human thoracic aortas were micro-CT imaged and subsequently peel-tested to map peel tension curves to the location of aortic calcifications. Empirical mode decomposition separated peel tension curves into high and low-frequency components, with high-frequency effects corresponding to interlamellar bonding mechanics and low-frequency effects to peel tension fluctuations. Finally, we used an idealized finite element model to examine how stiff calcifications affect aortic failure mechanics. Results showed that atherosclerosis influences dissection behavior on multiple length scales. Experimentally, atherosclerotic samples exhibited higher peel tensions and greater variance in the axial direction. The variation was driven by increased amplitudes of low-frequency tension fluctuations in diseased samples, indicating that more catastrophic propagations occur near calcifications. The simulations corroborated this finding, suggesting that the low-frequency changes resulted from the presence of a stiff calcification in the vessel wall. There were also modifications to the high-frequency peel mechanics, a response likely attributable to alterations in the microstructure and interlamellar bonding within the media. Considered collectively, these findings demonstrate that dissection mechanics are modified in aortic media nearby and adjacent to aortic calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L. Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ruturaj M. Badal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas S. Younger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Elena G. Tolkacheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Victor H. Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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25
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Li G, Freundlich RE, Rice MJ, Dunworth BA, Sandberg WS, Higgins MS, Wanderer JP. The impact of a medically directed student registered nurse anesthesia staffing model on Postprocedural patient outcomes. J Clin Anesth 2024; 94:111413. [PMID: 38359686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE In 2018, the American Society of Anesthesiologists stated that student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs) "are not yet fully qualified anesthesia personnel." It remains unclear, however, whether postprocedural outcomes are affected by SRNAs providing anesthesia care under the medical direction of anesthesiologists, as compared with medically directed anesthesiology fellows or residents, or certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs). We therefore aimed to examine whether medically directed SRNAs serving as in-room anesthesia providers impact surgical outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective, matched-cohort analysis. SETTING Adult patients (≥18 years old) undergoing inpatient surgery between 2000 and 2017 at a tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS 15,365 patients exclusively cared for by medically directed SRNAs were matched to 15,365 cared for by medically directed CRNAs, anesthesiology residents, and/or fellows. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS The primary composite outcome was postoperative occurrence of in-hospital mortality and six categories of major morbidities (infectious, bleeding, serious cardiac, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary complications). In-hospital mortality was analyzed as the secondary outcome. MAIN RESULTS In all, 30,730 cases were matched using propensity score matching to control for potential confounding. The primary outcome was identified in 2295 (7.5%) cases (7.5% with exclusive medically directed SRNAs vs 7.4% with medically directed CRNAs, residents and/or fellows; relative risk, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.11). Thus, our effort to determine noninferiority (10% difference in relative risk) with other providers was inconclusive (P = .07). However, the medically directed SRNA group (0.8% [118]) was found to be noninferior (P < .001) to the matched group (1.0% [156]) on in-hospital mortality (relative risk, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Among 30,730 patients undergoing inpatient surgery at a single hospital, findings were inconclusive regarding whether exclusive medically directed SRNAs as in-room providers were noninferior to other providers. The use of medically directed SRNAs under this staffing model should be subject to further review. Clinical Trial and Registry URL: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Robert E Freundlich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Mark J Rice
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Brent A Dunworth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Warren S Sandberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Michael S Higgins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Jonathan P Wanderer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States.
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26
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Kraft JN, Indahlastari A, Boutzoukas EM, Hausman HK, Hardcastle C, Albizu A, O'Shea A, Evangelista ND, Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Song H, Smith SG, DeKosky ST, Hishaw GA, Wu S, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, Porges E, Woods AJ. The impact of a tDCS and cognitive training intervention on task-based functional connectivity. GeroScience 2024; 46:3325-3339. [PMID: 38265579 PMCID: PMC11009202 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Declines in several cognitive domains, most notably processing speed, occur in non-pathological aging. Given the exponential growth of the older adult population, declines in cognition serve as a significant public health issue that must be addressed. Promising studies have shown that cognitive training in older adults, particularly using the useful field of view (UFOV) paradigm, can improve cognition with moderate to large effect sizes. Additionally, meta-analyses have found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive form of brain stimulation, can improve cognition in attention/processing speed and working memory. However, only a handful of studies have looked at concomitant tDCS and cognitive training, usually with short interventions and small sample sizes. The current study assessed the effect of a tDCS (active versus sham) and a 3-month cognitive training intervention on task-based functional connectivity during completion of the UFOV task in a large older adult sample (N = 153). We found significant increased functional connectivity between the left and right pars triangularis (the ROIs closest to the electrodes) following active, but not sham tDCS. Additionally, we see trending behavioral improvements associated with these functional connectivity changes in the active tDCS group, but not sham. Collectively, these findings suggest that tDCS and cognitive training can be an effective modulator of task-based functional connectivity above and beyond a cognitive training intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aprinda Indahlastari
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuel M Boutzoukas
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hanna K Hausman
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cheshire Hardcastle
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro Albizu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole D Evangelista
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hyun Song
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha G Smith
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- McKnight Brain Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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27
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Rodenbach RA, Thordardottir T, Brauer M, Hall AC, Ward E, Smith CB, Campbell TC. Balancing risks and rewards: How hematologists discuss uncertainty in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes. Patient Educ Couns 2024; 123:108177. [PMID: 38341898 PMCID: PMC10997451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) offers many patients with blood cancers a chance of cure but carries risks. We characterized how hematologists discuss the high-risk, high-reward concept of alloHCT. METHODS Qualitative analysis of video-recorded virtual encounters of hematologists who routinely perform alloHCT with actors portraying an older man recently diagnosed with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. RESULTS Hematologists (n = 37) were a median age of 44 years, 65% male, and 68% white. They frequently used "teeter-totter" language that juxtaposed alloHCT's risks and rewards in a dynamic, quickly alternating fashion and communicated uncertainty in transplant outcomes. This dialogue oscillated between encouragement about alloHCT's potential for cure and caution about its risks and occurred within single speech turns and in exchanges between hematologist and patient. Fewer hematologists outlined their big-picture stance on transplant's risks and benefits early in the conversation. Meanwhile, hematologists varied in how they counseled patients to manage transplant-related uncertainty and consider treatment decision making. CONCLUSION Hematologists use "teeter-totter" language to express hope and concern, confidence and uncertainty, and encouragement and caution about the high-risk, high-reward nature of alloHCT. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Teeter-totter language may help frame big-picture content about alloHCT's risks and benefits that is essential for patient education and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Brauer
- University of Wisconsin Department of Psychology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aric C Hall
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Earlise Ward
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Toby C Campbell
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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28
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LeBleu VS, Kanasaki K, Lovisa S, Alge JL, Kim J, Chen Y, Teng Y, Gerami-Naini B, Sugimoto H, Kato N, Revuelta I, Grau N, Sleeman JP, Taduri G, Kizu A, Rafii S, Hochedlinger K, Quaggin SE, Kalluri R. Genetic reprogramming with stem cells regenerates glomerular epithelial podocytes in Alport syndrome. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402664. [PMID: 38561223 PMCID: PMC10985218 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glomerular filtration relies on the type IV collagen (ColIV) network of the glomerular basement membrane, namely, in the triple helical molecules containing the α3, α4, and α5 chains of ColIV. Loss of function mutations in the genes encoding these chains (Col4a3, Col4a4, and Col4a5) is associated with the loss of renal function observed in Alport syndrome (AS). Precise understanding of the cellular basis for the patho-mechanism remains unknown and a specific therapy for this disease does not currently exist. Here, we generated a novel allele for the conditional deletion of Col4a3 in different glomerular cell types in mice. We found that podocytes specifically generate α3 chains in the developing glomerular basement membrane, and that its absence is sufficient to impair glomerular filtration as seen in AS. Next, we show that horizontal gene transfer, enhanced by TGFβ1 and using allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, rescues Col4a3 expression and revive kidney function in Col4a3-deficient AS mice. Our proof-of-concept study supports that horizontal gene transfer such as cell fusion enables cell-based therapy in Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Chicago, IL, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingqi Teng
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Behzad Gerami-Naini
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Grau
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gangadhar Taduri
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akane Kizu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine & Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Novotny MV, Xu W, Mulya A, Janocha AJ, Erzurum SC. Method for depletion of mitochondria DNA in human bronchial epithelial cells. MethodsX 2024; 12:102497. [PMID: 38089156 PMCID: PMC10711463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized to play a role in the airway inflammation of asthma. Model systems to study the role of mitochondrial gene expression in bronchial epithelium are lacking. Here, we create custom bronchial epithelial cell lines that are depleted of mitochondrial DNA. One week of ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment led to ∼95 % reduction of mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in cells, which was further reduced by addition of 25 µM 2',3'-dideoxycytidin (ddC). Treatment for up to three weeks with EtBr and ddC led to near complete loss of mtDNA. The basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mtDNA-depleted BET-1A and BEAS-2B cells dropped to near zero. Glycolysis measured by extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) increased ∼two-fold in cells when mtDNA was eliminated. BET-1A ρ0 and BEAS-2B ρ0 cells were cultured for two months, frozen and thawed, cultured for two more months, and maintained near zero mtDNA-CN. Mitochondrial DNA-depleted BET-1A ρ0 and BEAS-2B ρ0 cell lines are viable, lack the capacity for aerobic respiration, and increase glycolysis.•BET-1A and BEAS-2B cells were treated with ethidium bromide (EtBr) with or without 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) to create cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).•Cells' mtDNA copy number relative to nuclear DNA (nDNA) were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).•Cells were also assessed for oxidative phosphorylation by measures of oxygen consumption using the Seahorse analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, USA
- Respiratory Institute: Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB2-21, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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30
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Dain AS, Diorio C, Fisher BT, Hankins JS, Witmer CM, Boustany M, Burton M, Ferrolino J, Sadaf S, Ross HS, Maron G. Description of a national, multi-center registry of patients with sickle cell disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Data from the Pediatric COVID-19 United States Registry. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30909. [PMID: 38469996 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk of complications from viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. We present the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with SCD from the Pediatric COVID-19 United States Registry who developed acute COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 259) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C; n = 4). Nearly half of hospitalized children with SCD and SARS-CoV-2 infection required supplemental oxygen, though children with SCD had fewer intensive care (ICU) admissions compared to the general pediatric and immunocompromised populations. All registry patients with both SCD and MIS-C required ICU admission. Children with SCD are at risk of severe disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the importance of vaccination in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Dain
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane S Hankins
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Char M Witmer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mickael Boustany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline Burton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jose Ferrolino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salma Sadaf
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hailey S Ross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriela Maron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania, USA
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Klompmaker JO, Hart JE, Dominici F, James P, Roscoe C, Schwartz J, Yanosky JD, Zanobetti A, Laden F. Associations of fine particulate matter with incident cardiovascular disease; comparing models using ZIP code-level and individual-level fine particulate matter and confounders. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171866. [PMID: 38521279 PMCID: PMC11034806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PM2.5 has been positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Most evidence has come from cohorts and administrative databases. Cohorts typically have extensive information on potential confounders and residential-level exposures. Administrative databases are usually more representative but typically lack information on potential confounders and often only have exposures at coarser geographies (e.g., ZIP code). The weaknesses in both types of studies have been criticized for potentially jeopardizing the validity of their findings for regulatory purposes. METHODS We followed 101,870 participants from the US-based Nurses' Health Study (2000-2016) and linked residential-level PM2.5 and individual-level confounders, and ZIP code-level PM2.5 and confounders. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations with CVD incidence. We specified basic models (adjusted for individual-level age, race and calendar year), individual-level confounder models, and ZIP code-level confounder models. RESULTS Residential- and ZIP code-level PM2.5 were strongly correlated (Pearson r = 0.88). For residential-level PM2.5, the hazard ratio (HR, 95 % confidence interval) per 5 μg/m3 increase was 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) in the basic and 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) in the individual-level confounder model. For ZIP code-level PM2.5, the HR per 5 μg/m3 was 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) in the basic and 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) in the ZIP code-level confounder model. CONCLUSION We observed suggestive positive, but not statistically significant, associations between long-term PM2.5 and CVD incidence, regardless of the exposure or confounding model. Although differences were small, associations from models with individual-level confounders and residential-level PM2.5 were slightly stronger than associations from models with ZIP code-level confounders and PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem O Klompmaker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charlie Roscoe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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32
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Troendle JF, Leifer ES, Yang S, Jeffries N, Kim DY, Joo J, O'Connor CM. Use of win time for ordered composite endpoints in clinical trials. Stat Med 2024; 43:1920-1932. [PMID: 38417455 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Consider the choice of outcome for overall treatment benefit in a clinical trial which measures the first time to each of several clinical events. We describe several new variants of the win ratio that incorporate the time spent in each clinical state over the common follow-up, where clinical state means the worst clinical event that has occurred by that time. One version allows restriction so that death during follow-up is most important, while time spent in other clinical states is still accounted for. Three other variants are described; one is based on the average pairwise win time, one creates a continuous outcome for each participant based on expected win times against a reference distribution and another that uses the estimated distributions of clinical state to compare the treatment arms. Finally, a combination testing approach is described to give robust power for detecting treatment benefit across a broad range of alternatives. These new methods are designed to be closer to the overall treatment benefit/harm from a patient's perspective, compared to the ordinary win ratio. The new methods are compared to the composite event approach and the ordinary win ratio. Simulations show that when overall treatment benefit on death is substantial, the variants based on either the participants' expected win times (EWTs) against a reference distribution or estimated clinical state distributions have substantially higher power than either the pairwise comparison or composite event methods. The methods are illustrated by re-analysis of the trial heart failure: a controlled trial investigating outcomes of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Troendle
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric S Leifer
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal Jeffries
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong-Yun Kim
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Office of Biostatistics Research, Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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33
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Malamon JS, Farrell JJ, Xia LC, Dombroski BA, Das RG, Way J, Kuzma AB, Valladares O, Leung YY, Scanlon AJ, Lopez IAB, Brehony J, Worley KC, Zhang NR, Wang LS, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Lee WP, Vardarajan BN. A comparative study of structural variant calling in WGS from Alzheimer's disease families. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302181. [PMID: 38418088 PMCID: PMC10902710 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Detecting structural variants (SVs) in whole-genome sequencing poses significant challenges. We present a protocol for variant calling, merging, genotyping, sensitivity analysis, and laboratory validation for generating a high-quality SV call set in whole-genome sequencing from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project comprising 578 individuals from 111 families. Employing two complementary pipelines, Scalpel and Parliament, for SV/indel calling, we assessed sensitivity through sample replicates (N = 9) with in silico variant spike-ins. We developed a novel metric, D-score, to evaluate caller specificity for deletions. The accuracy of deletions was evaluated by Sanger sequencing. We generated a high-quality call set of 152,301 deletions of diverse sizes. Sanger sequencing validated 114 of 146 detected deletions (78.1%). Scalpel excelled in accuracy for deletions ≤100 bp, whereas Parliament was optimal for deletions >900 bp. Overall, 83.0% and 72.5% of calls by Scalpel and Parliament were validated, respectively, including all 11 deletions called by both Parliament and Scalpel between 101 and 900 bp. Our flexible protocol successfully generated a high-quality deletion call set and a truth set of Sanger sequencing-validated deletions with precise breakpoints spanning 1-17,000 bp.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Malamon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John J Farrell
- Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Charlie Xia
- https://ror.org/03mtd9a03 Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rueben G Das
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Way
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison J Scanlon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irving Antonio Barrera Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack Brehony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim C Worley
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Human Genome Sequencing Center, and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy R Zhang
- Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- https://ror.org/01esghr10 Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute of Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wei L, Dankwa S, Vijayan K, Smith JD, Kaushansky A. Interrogating endothelial barrier regulation by temporally resolved kinase network generation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302522. [PMID: 38467420 PMCID: PMC10927359 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kinases are key players in endothelial barrier regulation, yet their temporal function and regulatory phosphosignaling networks are incompletely understood. We developed a novel methodology, Temporally REsolved KInase Network Generation (TREKING), which combines a 28-kinase inhibitor screen with machine learning and network reconstruction to build time-resolved, functional phosphosignaling networks. We demonstrated the utility of TREKING for identifying pathways mediating barrier integrity after activation by thrombin with or without TNF preconditioning in brain endothelial cells. TREKING predicted over 100 kinases involved in barrier regulation and discerned complex condition-specific pathways. For instance, the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2/MK2) had early barrier-weakening activity in both inflammatory conditions but late barrier-strengthening activity exclusively with thrombin alone. Using temporal Western blotting, we confirmed that MAPKAPK2/MK2 was differentially phosphorylated under the two inflammatory conditions. We further showed with lentivirus-mediated knockdown of MAPK14/p38α and drug targeting the MAPK14/p38α-MAPKAPK2/MK2 complex that a MAP3K20/ZAK-MAPK14/p38α axis controlled the late activation of MAPKAPK2/MK2 in the thrombin-alone condition. Beyond the MAPKAPK2/MK2 switch, TREKING predicts extensive interconnected networks that control endothelial barrier dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Flanary SM, Peak KE, Barocas VH. A Graphical Approach to Visualize and Interpret Biochemically Coupled Biomechanical Models. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:054504. [PMID: 38421368 PMCID: PMC11005857 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The last decade has seen the emergence of progressively more complex mechanobiological models, often coupling biochemical and biomechanical components. The complexity of these models makes interpretation difficult, and although computational tools can solve model equations, there is considerable potential value in a simple method to explore the interplay between different model components. Pump and system performance curves, long utilized in centrifugal pump selection and design, inspire the development of a graphical technique to depict visually the performance of biochemically-coupled mechanical models. Our approach is based on a biochemical performance curve (analogous to the classical pump curve) and a biomechanical performance curve (analogous to the system curve). Upon construction of the two curves, their intersection, or lack thereof, describes the coupled model's equilibrium state(s). One can also observe graphically how an applied perturbation shifts one or both curves, and thus how the other component will respond, without rerunning the full model. While the upfront cost of generating the performance curve graphic varies with the efficiency of the model components, the easily interpretable visual depiction of what would otherwise be nonintuitive model behavior is valuable. Herein, we outline how performance curves can be constructed and interpreted for biochemically-coupled biomechanical models and apply the technique to two independent models in the cardiovascular space. The performance curve approach can illustrate and help identify weaknesses in model construction, inform user-applied perturbations and fitting procedures to generate intended behaviors, and improve the efficiency of the model generation and application process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Flanary
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kara E. Peak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- University of Minnesota
| | - Victor H. Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Nils Hasselmo Hall, Room 7-115, 312 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Nadkarni AN, Mukamal KJ, Zhu X, Siscovick D, Brach JS, Jacob M, Seshadri S, Abe T, Rosano C, Djousse L, Rosso AL. Associations of Neurological Biomarkers in Serum With Gait Measures: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae043. [PMID: 38334311 PMCID: PMC11005783 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait impairment leads to increased mobility decline and may have neurological contributions. This study explores how neurological biomarkers are related to gait in older adults. METHODS We studied participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort of older Americans, who underwent a serum biomarker assessment from samples collected in 1996-1997 for neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1, and total tau (n = 1 959, mean age = 78.0 years, 60.8% female). In a subsample (n = 380), cross-sectional associations with quantitative gait measures were explored. This subsample was assessed on a mat for gait speed, step length, double support time, step time, step length variability, and step time variability. Gait speed was also measured over a 15-ft walkway annually from 1996-1997 to 1998-1999 for longitudinal analyses. Linear regression models assessed cross-sectional associations of biomarkers with gait measures, whereas mixed effects models assessed longitudinal gait speed change from baseline to 1998-1999. RESULTS Neurofilament light chain was significantly associated with annual gait speed decline (standardized β = -0.64 m/s, 95% CI: [-1.23, -0.06]) after adjustment for demographic and health factors. Among gait mat-assessed phenotypes, NfL was also cross-sectionally associated with gait speed (β = 0.001 m/s [0.0003, 0.002]) but not with other gait measures. None of the remaining biomarkers were significantly related to gait in either longitudinal or cross-sectional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Higher NfL levels were related to greater annual gait speed decline. Gait speed decline may be related to axonal degeneration. The clinical utility of NfL should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijay N Nadkarni
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Xiaonan Zhu
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Brach
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mini Jacob
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Temidayo Abe
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caterina Rosano
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luc Djousse
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Blakeney EAR, Chu F, White AA, Randy Smith G, Woodward K, Lavallee DC, Salas RME, Beaird G, Willgerodt MA, Dang D, Dent JM, Tanner E“I, Summerside N, Zierler BK, O’Brien KD, Weiner BJ. A scoping review of new implementations of interprofessional bedside rounding models to improve teamwork, care, and outcomes in hospitals. J Interprof Care 2024; 38:411-426. [PMID: 34632913 PMCID: PMC8994791 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2021.1980379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor communication within healthcare teams occurs commonly, contributing to inefficiency, medical errors, conflict, and other adverse outcomes. Interprofessional bedside rounds (IBR) are a promising model that brings two or more health professions together with patients and families as part of a consistent, team-based routine to share information and collaboratively arrive at a daily plan of care. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to investigate the breadth and quality of IBR literature to identify and describe gaps and opportunities for future research. We followed an adapted Arksey and O'Malley Framework and PRISMA scoping review guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase were systematically searched for key IBR words and concepts through June 2020. Seventy-nine articles met inclusion criteria and underwent data abstraction. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. Publications in this field have increased since 2014, and the majority of studies reported positive impacts of IBR implementation across an array of team, patient, and care quality/delivery outcomes. Despite the preponderance of positive findings, great heterogeneity, and a reliance on quantitative non-randomized study designs remain in the extant research. A growing number of interventions to improve safety, quality, and care experiences in hospital settings focus on redesigning daily inpatient rounds. Limited information on IBR characteristics and implementation strategies coupled with widespread variation in terminology, study quality, and design create challenges in assessing the effectiveness of models of rounds and optimal implementation strategies. This scoping review highlights the need for additional studies of rounding models, implementation strategies, and outcomes that facilitate comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Abu-Rish Blakeney
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics,
School of Nursing, University of Washington
| | | | - Andrew A. White
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of
Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mayumi A. Willgerodt
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, School of Nursing,
University of Washington
| | | | | | | | | | - Brenda K. Zierler
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health
Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington
| | | | - Bryan J. Weiner
- Departments of Global Health and Health Services, School
of Public Health, University of Washington
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Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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Chen P, Van Hassel J, Pinezich MR, Diane M, Hudock MR, Kaslow SR, Gavaudan OP, Fung K, Kain ML, Lopez H, Saqi A, Guenthart BA, Hozain AE, Romanov A, Bacchetta M, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Recovery of extracorporeal lungs using cross-circulation with injured recipient swine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:e106-e130. [PMID: 37741314 PMCID: PMC10954590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung transplantation remains limited by the shortage of healthy organs. Cross-circulation with a healthy swine recipient provides a durable physiologic environment to recover injured donor lungs. In a clinical application, a recipient awaiting lung transplantation could be placed on cross-circulation to recover damaged donor lungs, enabling eventual transplantation. Our objective was to assess the ability of recipient swine with respiratory compromise to tolerate cross-circulation and support recovery of donor lungs subjected to extended cold ischemia. METHODS Swine donor lungs (n = 6) were stored at 4 °C for 24 hours while recipient swine (n = 6) underwent gastric aspiration injury before cross-circulation. Longitudinal multiscale analyses (blood gas, bronchoscopy, radiography, histopathology, cytokine quantification) were performed to evaluate recipient swine and extracorporeal lungs on cross-circulation. RESULTS Recipient swine lung injury resulted in sustained, impaired oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/inspired oxygen fraction ratio 205 ± 39 mm Hg vs 454 ± 111 mm Hg at baseline). Radiographic, bronchoscopic, and histologic assessments demonstrated bilateral infiltrates, airway cytokine elevation, and significantly worsened lung injury scores. Recipient swine provided sufficient metabolic support for extracorporeal lungs to demonstrate robust functional improvement (0 hours, arterial oxygen tension/inspired oxygen fraction ratio 138 ± 28.2 mm Hg; 24 hours, 539 ± 156 mm Hg). Multiscale analyses demonstrated improved gross appearance, aeration, and cellular regeneration in extracorporeal lungs by 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that acutely injured recipient swine tolerate cross-circulation and enable recovery of donor lungs subjected to extended cold storage. This proof-of-concept study supports feasibility of cross-circulation for recipients with isolated lung disease who are candidates for this clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Julie Van Hassel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Meghan R Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mohamed Diane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Maria R Hudock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sarah R Kaslow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Kenmond Fung
- Clinical Perfusion, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mandy L Kain
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Hermogenes Lopez
- Clinical Perfusion, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Brandon A Guenthart
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Ahmed E Hozain
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Romanov
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn
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Messineo L, Sands SA, Schmickl C, Labarca G, Hu WH, Esmaeili N, Vena D, Gell L, Calianese N, Malhotra A, Gottlieb DJ, Wellman A, Redline S, Azarbarzin A. Treatment of Sleep Apnea and Reduction in Blood Pressure: The Role of Heart Rate Response and Hypoxic Burden. Hypertension 2024; 81:1106-1114. [PMID: 38506074 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with increased blood pressure (BP). Obstructive sleep apnea treatment reduces BP with substantial variability, not explained by the apnea-hypopnea index, partly due to inadequate characterization of obstructive sleep apnea's physiological consequences, such as oxygen desaturation, cardiac autonomic response, and suboptimal treatment efficacy. We sought to examine whether a high baseline heart rate response (ΔHR), a marker of high cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea, predicts a larger reduction in post-treatment systolic BP (SBP). Furthermore, we aimed to assess the extent to which a reduction in SBP is explained by a treatment-related reduction in hypoxic burden (HB). METHODS ΔHR and HB were measured from pretreatment and posttreatment polygraphy, followed by a 24-hour BP assessment in 168 participants treated with continuous positive airway pressure or nocturnal supplemental oxygen from the HeartBEAT study (Heart Biomarker Evaluation in Apnea Treatment). Multiple linear regression models assessed whether high versus mid (reference) ΔHR predicted a larger reduction in SBP (primary outcome) and whether there was an association between treatment-related reductions in SBP and HB. RESULTS A high versus mid ΔHR predicted improvement in SBP (adjusted estimate, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.0-10.5] mm Hg). Independently, a greater treatment-related reduction in HB was significantly associated with larger reductions in SBP (4.2 [95% CI, 0.9-7.5] mm Hg per 2 SD treatment-related reduction in HB). Participants with substantial versus minimal treatment-related reductions in HB had a 6.5 (95% CI, 2.5-10.4) mm Hg drop in SBP. CONCLUSIONS A high ΔHR predicted a more favorable BP response to therapy. Furthermore, the magnitude of the reduction in BP was partly explained by a greater reduction in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Messineo
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Scott A Sands
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Christopher Schmickl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of California San Diego (C.S., A.M.)
| | - Gonzalo Labarca
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Wen-Hsin Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Neda Esmaeili
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Daniel Vena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Laura Gell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Nicole Calianese
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine University of California San Diego (C.S., A.M.)
| | - Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Andrew Wellman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
| | - Ali Azarbarzin
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.M., S.A.S., G.L., W.-H.H., N.E., D.V., L.G., N.C., D.J.G., A.W., S.R., A.A.)
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Maharjan S, Ma C, Singh B, Kang H, Orive G, Yao J, Shrike Zhang Y. Advanced 3D imaging and organoid bioprinting for biomedical research and therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115237. [PMID: 38447931 PMCID: PMC11031334 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoid cultures offer a valuable platform for studying organ-level biology, allowing for a closer mimicry of human physiology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems or non-primate animal models. While many organoid cultures use cell aggregates or decellularized extracellular matrices as scaffolds, they often lack precise biochemical and biophysical microenvironments. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting allows precise placement of organoids or spheroids, providing enhanced spatial control and facilitating the direct fusion for the formation of large-scale functional tissues in vitro. In addition, 3D bioprinting enables fine tuning of biochemical and biophysical cues to support organoid development and maturation. With advances in the organoid technology and its potential applications across diverse research fields such as cell biology, developmental biology, disease pathology, precision medicine, drug toxicology, and tissue engineering, organoid imaging has become a crucial aspect of physiological and pathological studies. This review highlights the recent advancements in imaging technologies that have significantly contributed to organoid research. Additionally, we discuss various bioprinting techniques, emphasizing their applications in organoid bioprinting. Integrating 3D imaging tools into a bioprinting platform allows real-time visualization while facilitating quality control, optimization, and comprehensive bioprinting assessment. Similarly, combining imaging technologies with organoid bioprinting can provide valuable insights into tissue formation, maturation, functions, and therapeutic responses. This approach not only improves the reproducibility of physiologically relevant tissues but also enhances understanding of complex biological processes. Thus, careful selection of bioprinting modalities, coupled with appropriate imaging techniques, holds the potential to create a versatile platform capable of addressing existing challenges and harnessing opportunities in these rapidly evolving fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bibhor Singh
- Winthrop L. Chenery Upper Elementary School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, 01007, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Parsons SK, Rodday AM, Upshaw JN, Scharman CD, Cui Z, Cao Y, Tiger YKR, Maurer MJ, Evens AM. Harnessing multi-source data for individualized care in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101170. [PMID: 38290895 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare, but highly curative form of cancer, primarily afflicting adolescents and young adults. Despite multiple seminal trials over the past twenty years, there is no single consensus-based treatment approach beyond use of multi-agency chemotherapy with curative intent. The use of radiation continues to be debated in early-stage disease, as part of combined modality treatment, as well as in salvage, as an important form of consolidation. While short-term disease outcomes have varied little across these different approaches across both early and advanced stage disease, the potential risk of severe, longer-term risk has varied considerably. Over the past decade novel therapeutics have been employed in the retrieval setting in preparation to and as consolidation after autologous stem cell transplant. More recently, these novel therapeutics have moved to the frontline setting, initially compared to standard-of-care treatment and later in a direct head-to-head comparison combined with multi-agent chemotherapy. In 2018, we established the HoLISTIC Consortium, bringing together disease and methods experts to develop clinical decision models based on individual patient data to guide providers, patients, and caregivers in decision-making. In this review, we detail the steps we followed to create the master database of individual patient data from patients treated over the past 20 years, using principles of data science. We then describe different methodological approaches we are taking to clinical decision making, beginning with clinical prediction tools at the time of diagnosis, to multi-state models, incorporating treatments and their response. Finally, we describe how simulation modeling can be used to estimate risks of late effects, based on cumulative exposure from frontline and salvage treatment. The resultant database and tools employed are dynamic with the expectation that they will be updated as better and more complete information becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Parsons
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Angie Mae Rodday
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jenica N Upshaw
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; The CardioVascular Center and Advanced Heart Failure Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Zhu Cui
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yenong Cao
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yun Kyoung Ryu Tiger
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Maurer
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics and Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
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Sullivan VK, Kim H, Caulfield LE, Steffen LM, Selvin E, Rebholz CM. Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incident Diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:803-809. [PMID: 38349856 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plant-based dietary patterns emphasize plant foods and minimize animal-derived foods. We investigated the association between plant-based dietary patterns and diabetes in a community-based U.S. sample of Black and White adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included middle-aged adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study without diabetes at baseline who completed a food-frequency questionnaire (n = 11,965). We scored plant-based diet adherence according to three indices: overall, healthy, and unhealthy plant-based diet indices. Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) scores represent greater intakes of all plant foods and lower intakes of animal-derived foods. Higher healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) scores represent greater healthy plant food intake and lower intakes of animal-derived and unhealthy plant foods. Higher unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) scores represent greater unhealthy plant food intake and lower intakes of animal-derived and healthy plant foods. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes (defined according to self-reported diagnosis, medication use, or elevated blood glucose) associated with each index. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 22 years, we identified 4,208 cases of diabetes among subjects. Higher PDI scores were associated with a lower risk of diabetes (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.80, 0.98]; Ptrend = 0.01). hPDI scores were also inversely associated with diabetes risk (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.77, 0.94]; Ptrend < 0.001). uPDI scores were not associated with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS A dietary pattern that minimizes animal-derived foods and emphasizes plant foods may reduce diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie K Sullivan
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Laura E Caulfield
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Casey M Rebholz
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Rogerson C, Owora A, Tu W, Mendonca E. The influence of social and environmental determinants of health on hospitalizations for pediatric asthma. J Asthma 2024; 61:453-462. [PMID: 38010826 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2288323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood, and has several social, environmental, and demographic factors potentially influential to its disease burden. This study sought to determine the influence of these factors on hospital admissions and readmissions for pediatric asthma. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Indiana Network for Patient Care, a state-wide health information exchange in the United States. Study participants were children 2-18 years old admitted to the hospital with a respiratory diagnostic code between 2010 and 2021. Clinical variables were obtained from electronic health record data, and social and environmental determinants of health data were obtained from the Indiana Social Assets and Vulnerabilities Indicators using geocoding systems. Negative binomial models were used to examine community level social and environmental risk factors modifying the relationship between patient characteristics and the risk of asthma-related hospitalizations and 30-day readmissions. RESULTS The study sample included 25,063 patients with an average follow-up of 9 (SD = 5) years. Of these, there were 17,816 asthma-related admissions. There were a total of 1,037 asthma-related 30-day readmissions, with an incidence rate of readmissions relative to total visits of 0.028 per person-year. A high social vulnerability index (SVI) was associated with an increased rate of hospital admissions (Proportion attributable ratio: 1.09, 95%CI (1.03,1.15), p < 0.05). No environmental determinants of health were significantly associated with hospitalization rate. CONCLUSION High SVI was significantly associated with increased risk of total hospital admissions for pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Rogerson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arthur Owora
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wanzhu Tu
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eneida Mendonca
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Deshpande SR, Zangwill SD, Richmond ME, Kindel SJ, Schroder JN, Gaglianello N, Bichell DP, Wigger MA, Knecht KR, Thrush PT, Mahle WT, North PE, Simpson PM, Zhang L, Dasgupta M, Tomita-Mitchell A, Mitchell ME. Evaluating threshold for donor fraction cell-free DNA using clinically available assay for rejection in pediatric and adult heart transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14708. [PMID: 38553812 PMCID: PMC10987078 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of the study were to assess the performance of a clinically available cell-free DNA (cfDNA) assay in a large cohort of pediatric and adult heart transplant recipients and to evaluate performance at specific cut points in detection of rejection. METHODS Observational, non-interventional, prospective study enrolled pediatric and adult heart transplant recipients from seven centers. Biopsy-associated plasma samples were used for cfDNA measurements. Pre-determined cut points were tested for analytic performance. RESULTS A total of 487 samples from 160 subjects were used for the analysis. There were significant differences for df-cfDNA values between rejection [0.21% (IQR 0.12-0.69)] and healthy samples [0.05% (IQR 0.01-0.14), p < .0001]. The pediatric rejection group had a median df-cfDNA value of 0.93% (IQR 0.28-2.84) compared to 0.09% (IQR 0.04-0.23) for healthy samples, p = .005. Overall negative predictive value was 0.94 while it was 0.99 for pediatric patients. Cut points of 0.13% and 0.15% were tested for various types of rejection profiles and were appropriate to rule out rejection. CONCLUSION The study suggests that pediatric patients with rejection show higher levels of circulating df-cfDNA compared to adults and supports the specific cut points for clinical use in pediatric and adult patients with overall acceptable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriprasad R Deshpande
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Steven D Zangwill
- Division of Cardiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marc E Richmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven J Kindel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacob N Schroder
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nunzio Gaglianello
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David P Bichell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark A Wigger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kenneth R Knecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Phillip T Thrush
- Department of Cardiology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William T Mahle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahua Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Herma Heart Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael E Mitchell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Hutz MJ, Thuler E, Cheong C, Phung C, Evans M, Woo J, Keenan BT, Dedhia RC. The Association Between Transverse Maxillary Deficiency and Septal Deviation in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2464-2470. [PMID: 37905744 PMCID: PMC11006575 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that environmental factors impact craniofacial development. Specifically, the height and width of the maxilla may impact the degree of septal deviation. We sought to determine the relationship between transverse maxillary deficiency and severity of septal deviation. METHODS A prospective cohort of adult sleep surgery patients were evaluated by standardized CT imaging. Primary outcomes evaluated the relationship of a narrow, high-arched palate (the palatal height to width ratio) with the degree of septal deviation at the level of the 1st premolar and 1st molar. Secondary outcome evaluated the relationship of the palatal height-to-width ratio and nasal obstruction. Both adjusted and unadjusted linear regression were performed, including correction for multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS Ninety-three patients were included. On average, the cohort was middle aged (54.7 ± 12.7 years), obese (BMI 30.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2), predominantly male (74.2%), White (73.1%), and with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (AHI 30.0 ± 18.7 events/h). A moderate correlation was observed between both the relative and absolute inter-premolar palatal height and the degree of septal deviation at the inter-molar region. No significant correlation was observed between palatal dimensions and NOSE score. CONCLUSION This study found that transverse maxillary deficiency is moderately associated with greater degree of septal deviation among a sample of OSA patients. This contributes to the concept that craniofacial development impacts the nasal airway, promoting a comprehensive evaluation of both endonasal and extranasal structures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 134:2464-2470, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hutz
- Section of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
- Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Eric Thuler
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Crystal Cheong
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Chau Phung
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Marianna Evans
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - John Woo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Brendan T Keenan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Raj C Dedhia
- Division of Sleep Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Schenck EJ, Siempos II. Innovation in Enrichment: Is Persistence Enough? Crit Care Med 2024; 52:853-856. [PMID: 38619345 PMCID: PMC11027940 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Schenck
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ilias I Siempos
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Bonaroti JW, Ozel M, Chen T, Darby JL, Sun X, Moheimani H, Reitz KM, Kar UK, Zuckerbraun BS, Das J, Okonkwo DO, Billiar TR. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Characterization of the Immune Response to Elective Spinal Reconstructive Surgery: Impact of Aging and Comparison with Traumatic Injury Response. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:924-941. [PMID: 38095316 PMCID: PMC11017837 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major surgery triggers trauma-like stress responses linked to age, surgery duration, and blood loss, resembling polytrauma. This similarity suggests elective surgery as a surrogate model for studying polytrauma immune responses. We investigated stress responses across age groups and compared them with those of polytrauma patients. STUDY DESIGN Patients undergoing major spinal reconstruction surgery were divided into older (age >65 years, n = 5) and young (age 18 to 39 years, n = 6) groups. A comparison group consisted of matched trauma patients (n = 8). Blood samples were collected before, during, and after surgery. Bone marrow mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed using cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes sequencing or single-cell RNA sequencing. Plasma was subjected to dual-platform proteomic analysis (SomaLogic and O-link). RESULTS Response to polytrauma was highest within 4 hours. By comparison, the response to surgery was highest at 24 hours. Both insults triggered significant changes in cluster of differentiation 14 monocytes, with increased inflammation and lower major histocompatibility complex-class 2 expression. Older patient's cluster of differentiation 14 monocytes displayed higher inflammation and less major histocompatibility complex-class 2 suppression; a trend was also seen in bone marrow mononuclear cells. Although natural killer cells were markedly activated after polytrauma, they were suppressed after surgery, especially in older patients. In plasma, innate immunity proteins dominated at 24 hours, shifting to adaptive immunity proteins by 6 weeks with heightened inflammation in older patients. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype proteins were higher in older patients at baseline and further elevated during and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Although both major surgery and polytrauma initiate immune and stress responses, substantial differences exist in timing and cellular profiles, suggesting major elective surgery is not a suitable surrogate for the polytrauma response. Nonetheless, distinct responses in young vs older patients highlight the utility of elective spinal in studying patient-specific factors affecting outcomes after major elective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian W Bonaroti
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Mehves Ozel
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Tianmeng Chen
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Jennifer L Darby
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Xuejing Sun
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (Sun)
| | - Hamed Moheimani
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Katherine M Reitz
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Upendra K Kar
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Brian S Zuckerbraun
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology (Das), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurosurgery (Okonkwo), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- From the Department of Surgery (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (Bonaroti, Ozel, Chen, Darby, Sun, Moheimani, Reitz, Kar, Zuckerbraun, Billiar)
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Eguchi S, Torimoto K, Adebiyi A, Kanthakumar P, Bomfim GF, Wenceslau CF, Dahlen SA, Osei-Owusu P. Milestone Papers on Signal Transduction Mechanisms of Hypertension and Its Complications. Hypertension 2024; 81:977-990. [PMID: 38372140 PMCID: PMC11023792 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
To celebrate 100 years of American Heart Association-supported cardiovascular disease research, this review article highlights milestone papers that have significantly contributed to the current understanding of the signaling mechanisms driving hypertension and associated cardiovascular disorders. This article also includes a few of the future research directions arising from these critical findings. To accomplish this important mission, 4 principal investigators gathered their efforts to cover distinct yet intricately related areas of signaling mechanisms pertaining to the pathogenesis of hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system, canonical and novel contractile and vasodilatory pathways in the resistance vasculature, vascular smooth muscle regulation by membrane channels, and noncanonical regulation of blood pressure and vascular function will be described and discussed as major subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University
| | - Keiichi Torimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gisele F. Bomfim
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Camilla Ferreira Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Shelby A. Dahlen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
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Shah NN, Steinberg MB, Calkins MM, Caban-Martinez AJ, Burgess JL, Austin E, Hollerbach BS, Edwards DL, Black TM, Black K, Hinton KM, Kubiel BS, Graber JM. Prevalence and predictors of colon and prostate cancer screening among volunteer firefighters: The United States Firefighter Cancer Assessment and Prevention Study. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:483-495. [PMID: 38530105 PMCID: PMC11022136 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although firefighters have increased risk for colon and prostate cancer, limited information exists on screening practices for these cancers in volunteer firefighters who compose two-thirds of the US fire service. We estimated the prevalence of colon and prostate cancer screening among volunteer firefighters using eligibility criteria from 4 evidence-based screening recommendations and evaluated factors influencing screening. METHODS We evaluated colon (n = 569) and prostate (n = 498) cancer screening prevalence in a sample of US volunteer firefighters using eligibility criteria from the US Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF), National Fire Protection Association, American Cancer Society, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network. We assessed associations with fire service experience, demographics, and cancer risk perception based on USPSTF guidelines. RESULTS For those eligible based on USPSTF guidelines, colon and prostate cancer screening prevalence was 51.7% (95% CI: 45.7, 57.8) and 48.8% (95% CI: 40.0, 57.6), respectively. Higher odds of colon and prostate cancer screening were observed with older age and with some college education compared to those with less education. Fire service experience and cancer risk perception were not associated with screening practices. CONCLUSION This is the first large study to assess colon and prostate cancer screening among US volunteer firefighters based on different screening guidelines. Our findings suggest gaps in cancer prevention efforts in the US volunteer fire service. Promoting cancer screening education and opportunities for volunteer firefighters by their fire departments, healthcare professionals, and public health practitioners, may help to address the gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimit N. Shah
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael B. Steinberg
- Division of General Internal Medicine; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Miriam M. Calkins
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alberto J. Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jefferey L. Burgess
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elena Austin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Taylor M. Black
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kaleigh M. Hinton
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian S. Kubiel
- Toms River Board of Fire Commissioners, District #1, Toms River, New Jersey, USA
| | - Judith M. Graber
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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