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Blum K, Bowirrat A, Thanos PK, Hanna C, Khalsa J, Baron D, Elman I, Badgaiyan RD, Dennen C, Braverman ER, Carney P, Lewandrowski KU, Sharafshah A, Gold MS. Evidence Based Clinical Analytics Supporting the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Assessment to Early Identify Probands in Preaddiction. EC Psychol Psychiatr 2024; 13:1-3. [PMID: 38298272 PMCID: PMC10825809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Center for Sports, Exercise, Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, LLC., Austin, TX, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont School of Medicine, Burlington, VY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright University, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
- Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- US National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Hanna
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jag Khalsa
- US National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Baron
- Center for Sports, Exercise, Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catherine Dennen
- Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric R Braverman
- Center for Sports, Exercise, Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Paul Carney
- Division Pediatric Neurology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Wheeler PB, Miller-Roenigk B, Jester J, Stevens-Watkins D. Knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of medications for opioid use disorder among Black Kentuckians. Ann Med 2024; 56:2322051. [PMID: 38442301 PMCID: PMC10916927 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2322051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid overdoses have continued to increase at higher rates among Black Americans compared to people from other racial groups. Despite demonstrated effectiveness of MOUD in reducing risk of opioid overdose, Black Americans face decreased access to and uptake of MOUD. The current study aimed to examine the knowledge, perceptions, and experiences with MOUD among a sample of Black adults who use prescription opioids nonmedically in order to inform tailored efforts to improve MOUD uptake. METHODS Data were derived from a larger study assessing cultural and structural influences on drug use and drug treatment among people who use prescription opioids nonmedically. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 34 Black men and women across four generational cohorts: born 1955-1969; 1970-1979; 1980-1994; and 1995-2001. Participant responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Nearly half of participants (44.1%) reported no knowledge or experience with MOUD. Among participants who had any knowledge about MOUD, four major themes regarding their perceptions emerged: MOUD Helps with Recovery; Not Needed for Level of Drug Use; Side Effects and Withdrawal; Equivalence with Illicit Drug Use. The majority reported negative perceptions of MOUD (52.6%), and the youngest cohort (born 1995-2001) had a higher proportion of negative perceptions (80%) relative to other age cohorts (born 1980-1994: 50%; 1970-1979: 75%; 1955-1969: 16.6%). DISCUSSION Findings indicate a significant knowledge gap and clear points of intervention for improving MOUD uptake. Interventions to improve communication of health information in ways that are culturally relevant and tailored by age group can be used in conjunction with efforts to improve MOUD access among Black individuals who use opioids nonmedically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris B. Wheeler
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brittany Miller-Roenigk
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of KY, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jasmine Jester
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of KY, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of KY, Lexington, KY, USA
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Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Blough BE, Namjoshi O, Brackeen M, Akinfiresoye LR, Walker TD, Prioleau C, Barrus DG, Gamage TF. Evaluation of cannabimimetic effects of selected minor cannabinoids and Terpenoids in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110984. [PMID: 38417478 PMCID: PMC11015967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cannabis plant contains several cannabinoids, and many terpenoids that give cannabis its distinctive flavoring and aroma. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the plant's primary psychoactive constituent. Given the abuse liability of Δ9-THC, assessment of the psychoactive effects of minor cannabinoids and other plant constituents is important, especially for compounds that may be used medicinally. This study sought to evaluate select minor cannabinoids and terpenes for Δ9-THC-like psychoactivity in mouse Δ9-THC drug discrimination and determine their binding affinities at CB1 and CB2 receptors. METHODS Δ9-THC, cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromenevarin (CBCV), Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), (6aR,9R)-Δ10-tetrahydrocannabinol [(6aR,9R)-Δ10-THC], Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol varin (THCV), β-caryophyllene (BC), and β-caryophyllene oxide (BCO) were examined. RESULTS All minor cannabinoids showed measurable cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor binding, with CBC, CBCV, and CBD, showing the weakest CB1 receptor binding affinity. BC and BCO exhibited negligible affinity for both CB1 and CB2 receptors. In drug discrimination, only Δ8-THC fully substituted for Δ9-THC, while CBN and (6aR,9R)-Δ10-THC partially substituted for Δ9-THC. THCV and BCO did not alter the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. CONCLUSION In summary, only some of myriad cannabinoids and other chemicals found in the cannabis plant bind potently to the identified cannabinoid receptors. Further, only four of the compounds tested herein [Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, (6aR,9R)-Δ10-THC, and CBN] produced Δ9-THC-like discriminative stimulus effects, suggesting they may possess cannabimimetic subjective effects. Given that the medicinal properties of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids are being investigated scientifically, delineation of their potential adverse effects, including their ability to produce Δ9-THC-like intoxication, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luli R Akinfiresoye
- United States Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division, Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, 8701 Morrissette Drive, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - Teneille D Walker
- United States Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division, Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, 8701 Morrissette Drive, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - Cassandra Prioleau
- United States Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division, Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, 8701 Morrissette Drive, Springfield, VA, USA
| | | | - Thomas F Gamage
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Arif Y, Son JJ, Okelberry HJ, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Modulation of movement-related oscillatory signatures by cognitive interference in healthy aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:3021-3034. [PMID: 38175521 PMCID: PMC11009213 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the neurophysiology underlying motor control are well documented, but whether these changes are specific to motor function or more broadly reflect age-related alterations in fronto-parietal circuitry serving attention and other higher-level processes remains unknown. Herein, we collected high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 72 healthy adults (age 28-63 years) as they completed an adapted version of the multi-source interference task that involved two subtypes of cognitive interference (i.e., flanker and Simon) and their integration (i.e., multi-source). All MEG data were examined for age-related changes in neural oscillatory activity using a whole-brain beamforming approach. Our primary findings indicated robust behavioral differences in task performance based on the type of interference, as well as stronger beta oscillations with increasing age in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (flanker and multi-source conditions), left parietal (flanker and Simon), and medial parietal regions (multi-source). Overall, these data indicate that healthy aging is associated with alterations in higher-order association cortices that are critical for attention and motor control in the context of cognitive interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA.
| | - Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hannah J Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Bailey JA, Le VT, McMorris BJ, Merrin GJ, Heerde JA, Batmaz EA, Toumbourou JW. Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107984. [PMID: 38401424 PMCID: PMC10947807 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that adult supervised drinking in adolescence predicts greater adolescent alcohol misuse. Long-term follow up data examining how adult supervised drinking during adolescence relates to alcohol misuse in adulthood are lacking. Longitudinal data from the International Youth Development Study tested associations between adult supervised drinking during adolescence (ages 13-16; 2002-2004) and adult alcohol misuse (ages 25-31; 2014, 2018, 2020). Cross-nationally matched samples were compared in Washington State, USA (n = 961) and Victoria, Australia (n = 1,957; total N = 2,918, 55 % female, 83 % White), where adult-supervised adolescent alcohol use was more common. Multilevel analyses adjusted for state, sex, adolescent drinking, parent education, family management, family history of substance use problems, and parent alcohol-related norms. Adult supervised drinking in adolescence (at dinner or parties, on holidays) predicted more adult alcohol misuse (mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score; b[SE] 0.07[0.03]; p = 0.004) and higher rates of alcohol-impaired driving (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.501, p = 0.034) and riding with an alcohol-impaired driver (OR 1.669, p = 0.005), but not the use of strategies to moderate alcohol intake (e.g., counting drinks). Better family management (monitoring, clear rules) in adolescence predicted less adult alcohol misuse. Associations were similar in the two states. Reducing the frequency of adult supervised drinking and improving family management practices in adolescence may help to decrease alcohol misuse well into adulthood. Findings support the widespread implementation of substance use prevention and family management training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Barbara J McMorris
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Dr., Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Social Work, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ebru A Batmaz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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Pearson JL, Powers MG, Drake C, Yang Y, FitzGerald CA, Green D, Cruz TH, Clements-Nolle K. Increasing lifetime and past 30-day marijuana use among middle school students regardless of recreational marijuana sales. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107999. [PMID: 38452424 PMCID: PMC10981209 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether adult use marijuana sales were associated with changes in lifetime and past 30-day (P30D) marijuana use among middle school students in Nevada (NV), which had adult-use marijuana sales during the study period, compared to New Mexico (NM), which did not have adult-use marijuana sales during the study period. METHODS Data were drawn from the middle school 2017 and 2019 NV Youth Risk Behavior and NM Youth Risk and Resiliency Surveys. Difference-in-difference analyses compare changes in lifetime and P30D marijuana use in NV (adult-use sales implemented July 2017) vs. NM (no adult-use sales during the study period). RESULTS There was no difference in lifetime (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 0.91,1.36) and P30D (aOR 1.17; 95% CI 0.91,1.51) marijuana use by adult-use sales status. The odds of lifetime and P30D marijuana use increased in both states, particularly among students who were female, older, non-White, or attending a Title 1 school. DISCUSSION Adult-use sales were not associated with an increase in lifetime or P30D marijuana use. State-level prevention efforts should focus on sub-populations with increasing lifetime and P30D use regardless of adult-use sales status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Pearson
- Department of Health Behavior, Policy, and Administration Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, the United States of America.
| | - Meghan G Powers
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, the United States of America
| | - Cara Drake
- Department of Health Behavior, Policy, and Administration Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, the United States of America
| | - Yueran Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, the United States of America
| | - Courtney A FitzGerald
- Department of Pediatrics, Prevention Research Center, University of New Mexico, the United States of America
| | - Dan Green
- Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, the United States of America
| | - Theresa H Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Prevention Research Center, University of New Mexico, the United States of America
| | - Kristen Clements-Nolle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, the United States of America
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Paudel K, Kanak MP, Gautam K, Bhandari P, Dhakal M, Wickersham J, Valente PK, Ha T, Shrestha R. Awareness and Uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention Among Men who have Sex with Men in Nepal. J Community Health 2024; 49:514-525. [PMID: 38127298 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective biomedical prevention strategy that remarkably reduces HIV transmission risk. Although PrEP has been available in Nepal since 2019, very little is known about PrEP use among MSM in Nepal. This study aimed to examine PrEP awareness and its use among Nepali MSM and the factors influencing its adoption. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among MSM in Nepal between October and December 2022 (N = 250). Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with awareness and use of PrEP. In the study population, 59.6% of participants were aware of PrEP, however, only 30.4% of them had utilized it. The odds of PrEP awareness were higher among participants who had completed high school or above (aOR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.8-9.6), those with health insurance coverage (aOR = 6.9; 95% CI = 2.1-22.3) and had tested for HIV (aOR = 21.2; 95% CI = 8.3-53.9). Similarly, participants who identified as gay (aOR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.4-8.4), had visited a doctor within the past 6 months (aOR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.2-6.5), had previously tested for HIV (aOR = 12.3; 95% CI = 3.4-44.7), and had been diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (aOR = 7.0; 95% CI = 2.5-19.5) were more likely to have used PrEP. Our results highlight the critical importance of healthcare providers engaging in providing care for MSM, including facilitating as well as discussions about PrEP. In addition, there is a pressing need for innovative strategies (e.g., peer educators, social media, online facilitating technologies) to disseminate PrEP knowledge and reduce stigma surrounding PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Paudel
- Nepal Health Frontiers, Tokha-5, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Road, Unit 1101, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | | | - Kamal Gautam
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Road, Unit 1101, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Wickersham
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, 135 College St., Suite 323, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Pablo Kokay Valente
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Road, Unit 1101, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Toan Ha
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Roman Shrestha
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, 358 Mansfield Road, Unit 1101, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, 135 College St., Suite 323, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Asan AE, Pincus AL, Ansell EB. A Multi-Method Study of Interpersonal Complementarity and Mentalization. J Res Pers 2024; 110:104478. [PMID: 38617900 PMCID: PMC11007865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Research finds cross-sectional relationships between mentalizing impairments and maladaptive personality traits. The current study connects mentalizing impairments to dynamic interpersonal processes using a multi-method design. A sample of 218 participants completed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC; Dziobek et al., 2006) to assess mentalizing ability. Subsequently, participants rated their agentic and communal behavior and their perception of interaction partners' agentic and communal behavior over 21-days. Mentalizing ability moderated the within-person relationship between behavior and perception for both agency and communion. Worse performance on the MASC was associated with weaker interpersonal complementarity, suggesting that mentalizing impairments lead to deviations from expected patterns of behavior and perception across interpersonal situations. These findings confirm the assumption of Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory that mentalization impairments can disrupt normative interpersonal processes (Cain et al., 2024; Pincus & Hopwood, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Esin Asan
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Davis CN, Markowitz JS, Squeglia LM, Ellingson JM, McRae-Clark AL, Gray KM, Kretschmer D, Tomko RL. Evidence for sex differences in the impact of cytochrome P450 genotypes on early subjective effects of cannabis. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107996. [PMID: 38394959 PMCID: PMC10947802 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Early positive subjective effects of cannabis predict the development of cannabis use disorder (CUD). Genetic factors, such as the presence of cytochrome P450 genetic variants that are associated with reduced Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) metabolism, may contribute to individual differences in subjective effects of cannabis. Young adults (N = 54) with CUD or a non-CUD substance use disorder (control) provided a blood sample for DNA analysis and self-reported their early (i.e., effects upon initial uses) and past-year positive and negative subjective cannabis effects. Participants were classified as slow metabolizers if they had at least one CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 allele associated with reduced activity. Though the CUD group and control group did not differ in terms of metabolizer status, slow metabolizer status was more prevalent among females in the CUD group than females in the control group. Slow metabolizers reported greater past year negative THC effects compared to normal metabolizers; however, slow metabolizer status did not predict early subjective cannabis effects (positive or negative) or past year positive effects. Post-hoc analyses suggested males who were slow metabolizers reported more negative early subjective effects of cannabis than female slow metabolizers. Other sex-by-genotype interactions were not significant. These initial findings suggest that genetic variation in CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 may have sex-specific associations with cannabis-related outcomes. Slow metabolizer genes may serve as a risk factor for CUD for females independent of subjective effects. Male slow metabolizers may instead be particularly susceptible to the negative subjective effects of cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N Davis
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - John S Markowitz
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Jarrod M Ellingson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Diana Kretschmer
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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Suarez M, Charntikov S, Huynh YW, Barrett ST, Bevins RA, Wakabayashi KT. "A robust and simple catheter connector assembly for long-term self-administration experiments". MethodsX 2024; 12:102675. [PMID: 38585181 PMCID: PMC10997883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravenous self-administration in rats is used widely to study the reinforcing effects of drugs and serves as the gold standard for assessing their use and misuse potential. One challenge that researchers often encounter when scaling up experiments is balancing the cost, time investment to construct, and robustness of each implanted catheter. These catheters include multiple components such as surgical meshing and a variety of entry ports designed to facilitate the connection of the rat to a catheter port tethering system. Other considerations include maintaining the catheters free of blockage during the extent of the drug self-administration experiment. These large-scale studies provide ample opportunity for the catheter system to fail. The failure and replacement of commercially purchased catheters leads to ballooning expenses, and the failure of in-lab manufactured catheters requires the manufacture of reserves, also increasing costs, as these handmade products are inherently more variable. We have developed a catheter system that combines a commercially available implantable back-mounted entry connector system with inexpensive medical items such as surgical mesh, sutures, and an air-tight back flow prevention system to bolster the overall success of self-administration experiments.•Method to bolster commercially available jugular catheter components for long-lasting self-administration experiments.•Reduces the overall cost per unit of self-administration experiments.•Easily assembled by laboratory students and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Suarez
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1220 T St. Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sergios Charntikov
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, 468 McConnell Hall, 15 Academic Way, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Y. Wendy Huynh
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1220 T St. Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Scott T. Barrett
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1220 T St. Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Rick A. Bevins
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1220 T St. Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ken T. Wakabayashi
- Neurocircuitry of Motivated Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 1220 T St. Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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11
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Walker NB, Tucker BR, Thomas LN, Tapp AE, Neel AI, Chen R, Jones SR, Drenan RM. β2* nAChR sensitivity modulates acquisition of cocaine self-administration in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2024; 250:109927. [PMID: 38508306 PMCID: PMC10994757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Signaling through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) plays a role in cocaine reward and reinforcement, suggesting that the cholinergic system could be manipulated with therapeutics to modulate aspects of cocaine use disorder (CUD). We examined the interaction between nAChRs and cocaine reinforcement by expressing a hypersensitive β2 nAChR subunit (β2Leu9'Ser) in the ventral tegmental area of male Sprague Dawley rats. Compared to control rats, β2Leu9'Ser rats acquired (fixed ratio) intravenous cocaine self-administration faster and with greater likelihood. By contrast, β2Leu9'Ser rats were approximately equivalent to controls in their intake of cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, suggesting differential effects of cholinergic signaling depending on experimental parameters. Like progressive ratio cocaine SA, β2Leu9'Ser rats and controls did not differ significantly in food SA assays, including acquisition on a fixed ratio schedule or in progressive ratio sessions. These results highlight the specific role of high-affinity, heteropentameric β2* (β2-containing) nAChRs in acquisition of cocaine SA, suggesting that mesolimbic acetylcholine signaling is active during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B Walker
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Brenton R Tucker
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Leanne N Thomas
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Andrew E Tapp
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anna I Neel
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan M Drenan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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12
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Weinstein ER, Chen YO, Maya D, Saber R, Harkness A. Factors associated with meningitis vaccine awareness and engagement among Latino men who have sex with men in South Florida. J Behav Med 2024; 47:446-457. [PMID: 38581595 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Awareness and uptake of the meningitis vaccine remains low among marginalized groups, such as Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM), potentially due to structural and psychosocial barriers in accessing preventative healthcare. The current study explored awareness and uptake of meningitis vaccines among a group of LMSM (N = 99) living in South Florida. A three-pronged variable selection approach was utilized prior to conducting regression models (linear and logistic). Overall, 48.5% of the participants reported little to no knowledge about meningitis vaccines, and 20.2% reported being vaccinated. Living with HIV (OR = 10.48) and time since outbreak (OR = 1.03) were significant predictors of meningitis vaccine uptake. No significant correlates of meningitis vaccine awareness were identified. More research is needed to identify other important factors associated with meningitis vaccine awareness and uptake among LMSM, a multiple marginalized group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Maya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Rana Saber
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Valorous Health Innovation, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
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13
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Jun Y, Arefeen Y, Cho J, Fujita S, Wang X, Ellen Grant P, Gagoski B, Jaimes C, Gee MS, Bilgic B. Zero-DeepSub: Zero-shot deep subspace reconstruction for rapid multiparametric quantitative MRI using 3D-QALAS. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2459-2482. [PMID: 38282270 PMCID: PMC11005062 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate methods for (1) reconstructing 3D-quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS) time-series images using a low-rank subspace method, which enables accurate and rapid T1 and T2 mapping, and (2) improving the fidelity of subspace QALAS by combining scan-specific deep-learning-based reconstruction and subspace modeling. THEORY AND METHODS A low-rank subspace method for 3D-QALAS (i.e., subspace QALAS) and zero-shot deep-learning subspace method (i.e., Zero-DeepSub) were proposed for rapid and high fidelity T1 and T2 mapping and time-resolved imaging using 3D-QALAS. Using an ISMRM/NIST system phantom, the accuracy and reproducibility of the T1 and T2 maps estimated using the proposed methods were evaluated by comparing them with reference techniques. The reconstruction performance of the proposed subspace QALAS using Zero-DeepSub was evaluated in vivo and compared with conventional QALAS at high reduction factors of up to nine-fold. RESULTS Phantom experiments showed that subspace QALAS had good linearity with respect to the reference methods while reducing biases and improving precision compared to conventional QALAS, especially for T2 maps. Moreover, in vivo results demonstrated that subspace QALAS had better g-factor maps and could reduce voxel blurring, noise, and artifacts compared to conventional QALAS and showed robust performance at up to nine-fold acceleration with Zero-DeepSub, which enabled whole-brain T1, T2, and PD mapping at 1 mm isotropic resolution within 2 min of scan time. CONCLUSION The proposed subspace QALAS along with Zero-DeepSub enabled high fidelity and rapid whole-brain multiparametric quantification and time-resolved imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Jun
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yamin Arefeen
- Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jaejin Cho
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - P. Ellen Grant
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Camilo Jaimes
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael S. Gee
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard/MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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14
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Badilla P, Abad S, Smith C, Tsui B, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Herting MM. Lifetime residential data collection protocol for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. MethodsX 2024; 12:102673. [PMID: 38623304 PMCID: PMC11017270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of environmental exposures on health outcomes during development is an important area of research for plenty of reasons. Collecting retrospective and prospective residential history can enrich observational studies through eventual linkages to external sources. Augmenting participant health outcome data with environmental data can better inform on the role of the environment, thereby enhancing prevention and intervention efforts. However, collecting the geospatial information needed for this type of research can be difficult, especially when data are collected directly from participants. Participants' residential histories are unique and often complex. Collecting residential history data often involves capturing precise spatial locations along specific timeframes as well as contending with recall bias and unique, complex living arrangements. When trying to assess lifetime environmental exposures, researchers must consider the many changes in location a person goes through and the timeframes in which these changes occur, ultimately creating a multidimensional and dynamic dataset. Creating data collection protocols that are feasible to administer, result in accurate data, and minimize data missingness is a major challenge to undertake. Here, we provide an overview of the protocol developed to collect the lifetime residential address information of participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Badilla
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Shermaine Abad
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Calen Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Tsui
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Yao A, Huhn AS, Ellis JD. COVID-19-Related Financial Hardship Is Associated With Depression and Anxiety in Substance Use Treatment Across Gender and Racial Groups. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:295-299. [PMID: 38598730 PMCID: PMC11008766 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many individuals lost their employment during the COVID-19 pandemic and experienced financial hardship. These experiences may increase risk for co-occurring conditions, including substance use disorders (SUDs) and related symptoms of depression and anxiety. This study aimed to examine the associations between COVID-19-related financial hardship and/or job loss and co-occurring symptoms, across gender and racial groups. Respondents (N = 3493) included individuals entering SUD treatment in the United States in March-October of 2020. Results demonstrated that COVID-19-related financial hardship and unemployment in the household was associated with greater depression and anxiety severity among people in SUD treatment (p's < 0.05). Our findings highlight financial hardship and loss of employment as risk factors for co-occurring depression and anxiety. However, additive effects between marginalized identity status and COVID-19 economic hardship on co-occurring symptoms were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijia Yao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Andrew S. Huhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
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16
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Tully DC, Power KA, Sarette J, Stopka TJ, Friedmann PD, Korthuis PT, Cooper H, Young AM, Seal DW, Westergaard RP, Allen TM. Validation of dried blood spots for capturing hepatitis C virus diversity for genomic surveillance. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:266-270. [PMID: 38366329 PMCID: PMC11023755 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional venous blood for hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing. However, their capacity to accurately reflect the genetic diversity of HCV remains poorly understood. We employed deep sequencing and advanced phylogenetic analyses on paired plasma and DBS samples from two common subtypes to evaluate the suitability of DBS for genomic surveillance. Results demonstrated that DBS captured equivalent viral diversity compared to plasma with no phylogenetic discordance observed. The ability of DBS to accurately reflect the profile of viral genetic diversity suggests it may be a promising avenue for future surveillance efforts to curb HCV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien C. Tully
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Center for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karen A. Power
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacklyn Sarette
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J. Stopka
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Peter D. Friedmann
- Baystate Medical Center—University of Massachusetts, Office of Research, UMass Chan Medical School - Baystate, 3601 Main Street, 3rd Floor, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA
| | - P. Todd Korthuis
- Oregon Health & Science University, 3270 Southwest Pavilion Loop OHSU Physicians Pavilion, Suite 350, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hannah Cooper
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Grace Crum Rollins Building 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - April M. Young
- University of Kentucky, 760 Press Avenue Suite 280, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W. Seal
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2210, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ryan P. Westergaard
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5th Floor, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA
| | - Todd M. Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Hoffman KL, Milazzo F, Williams NT, Samples H, Olfson M, Diaz I, Doan L, Cerda M, Crystal S, Rudolph KE. Independent and joint contributions of physical disability and chronic pain to incident opioid use disorder and opioid overdose among Medicaid patients. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1419-1430. [PMID: 37974483 PMCID: PMC10994776 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300332x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain has been extensively explored as a risk factor for opioid misuse, resulting in increased focus on opioid prescribing practices for individuals with such conditions. Physical disability sometimes co-occurs with chronic pain but may also represent an independent risk factor for opioid misuse. However, previous research has not disentangled whether disability contributes to risk independent of chronic pain. METHODS Here, we estimate the independent and joint adjusted associations between having a physical disability and co-occurring chronic pain condition at time of Medicaid enrollment on subsequent 18-month risk of incident opioid use disorder (OUD) and non-fatal, unintentional opioid overdose among non-elderly, adult Medicaid beneficiaries (2016-2019). RESULTS We find robust evidence that having a physical disability approximately doubles the risk of incident OUD or opioid overdose, and physical disability co-occurring with chronic pain increases the risks approximately sixfold as compared to having neither chronic pain nor disability. In absolute numbers, those with neither a physical disability nor chronic pain condition have a 1.8% adjusted risk of incident OUD over 18 months of follow-up, those with physical disability alone have an 2.9% incident risk, those with chronic pain alone have a 3.6% incident risk, and those with co-occurring physical disability and chronic pain have a 11.1% incident risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that those with a physical disability should receive increased attention from the medical and healthcare communities to reduce their risk of opioid misuse and attendant negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Floriana Milazzo
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Nicholas T. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | | | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Ivan Diaz
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Lisa Doan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kara E. Rudolph
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
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18
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Verinumbe T, Lesko CR, Moore RD, Fojo AT, Keruly J, Snow LN, Hutton H, Chander G, Pytell JD, Falade-Nwulia O. The association of changes in depression severity after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and viral nonsuppression among people with HIV. AIDS 2024; 38:887-894. [PMID: 38170505 PMCID: PMC10997444 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize changes in depressive symptom severity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association of these changes with HIV viral nonsuppression among people with HIV (PWH). DESIGN A clinical cohort study. METHODS We included PWH in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8) prepandemic (1 March 2018 to 28 February 2020) and during the COVID-era (1 September 2020 to 28 February 2022). PWH were classified according to depression severity categories prepandemic and during the COVID-era as: consistently depressed (prepandemic PHQ-8 >4 and no change in severity category); consistently nondepressed (prepandemic PHQ-8 ≤4 and no change in severity category); worsened (changed to a higher severity category) and; improved (change to a lower severity category). The association between changes in depressive symptom severity and viral nonsuppression (HIV RNA >200 copies/ml on the earliest viral load measured 7 days before to 12 months after the COVID-era PHQ-8 survey) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 793 PWH, mean age was 56 (SD 10) years, 60% were male individuals and 88% were Black. After the onset of the pandemic, 60% were consistently nondepressed, 9% were consistently depressed, 15% worsened and 16% improved. PWH who worsened had 2.47 times the odds of viral nonsuppression (95% CI: 1.09-5.55) compared with the nondepressed group. Associations among other groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Worsening depression during the COVID-era was associated with HIV viral nonsuppression. Strategies to monitor and address depression among PWH may contribute to reduced risk of viral nonsuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfa Verinumbe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine R Lesko
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard D Moore
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anthony T Fojo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeanne Keruly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - LaQuita N Snow
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Heidi Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jarratt D Pytell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Renner HM, Rowland B, Hutchinson D, Toumbourou JW. The role of adolescent social inclusion in educational attainment among vulnerable youth. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024; 29:161-169. [PMID: 38500401 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Completing high school enables access to educational and employment opportunities associated with better physical and mental health and improved quality of life. Identifying modifiable factors that promote optimal educational trajectories for youth experiencing disadvantage is an important research focus. Social inclusion has been theorised to play a role in promoting better educational outcomes for this priority population, however limited research has examined this relationship. METHOD This study used three waves of data from the state-representative Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study (IYDS) (youngest cohort, N = 733; 54% female, 95% Australian born) to examine the extent to which vulnerability in primary school (Grade 5; Mage = 10.97, SD = 0.38) and social inclusion in mid-adolescence (Year 10; Mage = 15.50, SD = 0.53), were associated with school completion in young adulthood (post-secondary; Mage = 19.02, SD = 0.43). RESULTS Regression models identified an interaction between social inclusion and vulnerability (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.06, 1.77], p = .016), indicating that the association between vulnerability and school completion varied as a student's level of social inclusion increased. Higher social inclusion was beneficial for youth with lower levels of vulnerability but did not appear to influence school completion for the most vulnerable students. CONCLUSIONS For many young people, promoting social inclusion may support engagement in education and play a protective role. However, further research is needed to better understand the role of social inclusion for highly vulnerable youth, particularly the mechanisms via which social inclusion may have differential effects on school completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Renner
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School & Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Richmond, Vic., Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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20
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Sarpal DK, Cole ES, Gannon JM, Li J, Adair DK, Chengappa KNR, Donohue JM. Variation of Clozapine Use for Treatment of Schizophrenia: Evidence from Pennsylvania Medicaid and Dually Eligible Enrollees. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:743-753. [PMID: 38294579 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
While clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it remains underutilized across the United States, warranting a more comprehensive understanding of variation in use at the county level, as well as characterization of existing prescribing patterns. Here, we examined both Medicaid and Medicare databases to (1) characterize temporal and geographic variation in clozapine prescribing and, (2) identify patient-level characteristics associated with clozapine use. We included Medicaid and Fee for Service Medicare data in the state of Pennsylvania from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2019. We focused on individuals with continuous enrollment, schizophrenia diagnosis, and multiple antipsychotic trials. Geographic variation was examined across counties of Pennsylvania. Regression models were constructed to determine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with clozapine use. Out of 8,255 individuals who may benefit from clozapine, 642 received treatment. We observed high medication burden, overall, including multiple antipsychotic trials. We also identified variation in clozapine use across regions in Pennsylvania with a disproportionate number of prescribers in urban areas and several counties with no identified clozapine prescribers. Finally, demographic, and clinical determinants of clozapine use were observed including less use in people identified as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or with a substance use disorder. In addition, greater medical comorbidity was associated with increased clozapine use. Our work leveraged both Medicaid and Medicare data to characterize and surveil clozapine prescribing. Our findings support efforts monitor disparities and opportunities for the optimization of clozapine within municipalities to enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Evan S Cole
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Gannon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dale K Adair
- Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie M Donohue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Cole RH, Moussawi K, Joffe ME. Opioid modulation of prefrontal cortex cells and circuits. Neuropharmacology 2024; 248:109891. [PMID: 38417545 PMCID: PMC10939756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Several neurochemical systems converge in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to regulate cognitive and motivated behaviors. A rich network of endogenous opioid peptides and receptors spans multiple PFC cell types and circuits, and this extensive opioid system has emerged as a key substrate underlying reward, motivation, affective behaviors, and adaptations to stress. Here, we review the current evidence for dysregulated cortical opioid signaling in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We begin by providing an introduction to the basic anatomy and function of the cortical opioid system, followed by a discussion of endogenous and exogenous opioid modulation of PFC function at the behavioral, cellular, and synaptic level. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of endogenous opioid targets in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, synthesizing clinical reports of altered opioid peptide and receptor expression and activity in human patients and summarizing new developments in opioid-based medications. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Cole
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khaled Moussawi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Max E Joffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Fang F, Ritz B, Rao J, Zhu Y, Tashkin DP, Morgenstern H, Zhang ZF. Association between ambient exposure to PM 2.5 and upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Los Angeles. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1579-1586. [PMID: 38180239 PMCID: PMC10932807 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) contains carcinogens similar to those generated by tobacco smoking, which may increase the risks of developing smoking-related cancers, such as upper aerodigestive track (UADT) cancers, for both smokers and never-smokers. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relation between ambient PM2.5 exposure and risk of UADT cancers. A population-based case-control study involving 565 incident UADT cancer cases and 983 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1999 to 2004. The average residential PM2.5 concentration 1 year before the diagnosis date for cases and the reference date for controls was assessed using a chemical transport model. The association between ambient PM2.5 and the UADT cancers was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders at the individual and block-group level. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, tobacco smoking status and UADT subsites. We also assessed the interaction between PM2.5 and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers. PM2.5 concentrations were associated with an elevated odds of UADT cancers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.21 per interquartile range [4.5 μg/m3 ] increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.44). The association between PM2.5 and UADT cancers was similar across UADT subsites, sex and tobacco smoking status. The interaction between PM2.5 and tobacco smoking on UADT cancers was approximately additive on the odds scale. The effect estimate for PM2.5 and UADT cancers was similar among never smokers. Our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of UADT cancers. Improvements in air quality may reduce the risk of UADT cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donald P. Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
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23
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Yuan NY, Medders KE, Sanchez AB, Shah R, de Rozieres CM, Ojeda-Juárez D, Maung R, Williams R, Gelman BB, Baaten BJ, Roberts AJ, Kaul M. A critical role for Macrophage-derived Cysteinyl-Leukotrienes in HIV-1 induced neuronal injury. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:149-166. [PMID: 38423397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or activated by its envelope protein gp120 exert neurotoxicity. We found previously that signaling via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) is essential to the neurotoxicity of HIVgp120-stimulated MΦ. However, the associated downstream pathways remained elusive. Here we show that cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT) released by HIV-infected or HIVgp120 stimulated MΦ downstream of p38 MAPK critically contribute to neurotoxicity. SiRNA-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK deprives MΦ of CysLT synthase (LTC4S) and, pharmacological inhibition of the cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) protects cerebrocortical neurons against toxicity of both gp120-stimulated and HIV-infected MΦ. Components of the CysLT pathway are differentially regulated in brains of HIV-infected individuals and a transgenic mouse model of NeuroHIV (HIVgp120tg). Moreover, genetic ablation of LTC4S or CysLTR1 prevents neuronal damage and impairment of spatial memory in HIVgp120tg mice. Altogether, our findings suggest a novel critical role for cysteinyl-leukotrienes in HIV-associated brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Y Yuan
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Medders
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ana B Sanchez
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Rohan Shah
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Cyrus M de Rozieres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Daniel Ojeda-Juárez
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ricky Maung
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Roy Williams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0419 USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0419 USA.
| | - Bas J Baaten
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Marcus Kaul
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Lallai V, Congiu C, Craig G, Manca L, Chen YC, Dukes AJ, Fowler CD, Dazzi L. Social isolation postweaning alters reward-related dopamine dynamics in a region-specific manner in adolescent male rats. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100620. [PMID: 38486879 PMCID: PMC10937317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Early development is characterized by dynamic transitions in brain maturation, which may be impacted by environmental factors. Here, we sought to determine the effects of social isolation from postweaning and during adolescence on reward behavior and dopaminergic signaling in male rats. Subjects were socially isolated or group housed at postnatal day 21. Three weeks later, extracellular dopamine concentrations were examined in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAc) during a feeding bout. Surprisingly, opposing effects were found in which increased mPFC dopamine concentrations were observed in group housed, but not isolated, rats. In stark contrast, increased dopamine levels were found in the NAc of isolated, but not group housed, rats. Moreover, the absence of an effect in the mPFC of the isolated rats could not be reversed by subsequent group housing, demonstrating the remarkable long-term effects on dopamine signaling dynamics. When provided a highly palatable food, the isolated subjects exhibited a dramatic increase in mPFC dopamine levels when the chocolate was novel, but no effects following chronic chocolate consumption. In contrast, the group housed subjects showed significantly increased dopamine levels only with chronic chocolate consumption. The dopamine changes were correlated with differences in behavioral measures. Importantly, the deficit in reward-related behavior during isolation could be reversed by microinjection of either dopamine or cocaine into the mPFC. Together, these data provide evidence that social isolation from postweaning and during adolescence alters reward-induced dopamine levels in a brain region-specific manner, which has important functional implications for reward-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lallai
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Cristina Congiu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giulia Craig
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Letizia Manca
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Angeline J. Dukes
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christie D. Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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25
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Amin-Esmaeili M, Farokhnia M, Susukida R, Leggio L, Johnson RM, Crum RM, Mojtabai R. Reduced drug use as an alternative valid outcome in individuals with stimulant use disorders: Findings from 13 multisite randomized clinical trials. Addiction 2024; 119:833-843. [PMID: 38197836 PMCID: PMC11009085 DOI: 10.1111/add.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Total abstinence has historically been the goal of treatment for substance use disorders; however, there is a growing recognition of the health benefits associated with reduced use as a harm reduction measure in stimulant use disorders treatment. We aimed to assess the validity of reduced stimulant use as an outcome measure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological interventions for stimulant use disorder. DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of a pooled dataset of 13 RCTs. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were individuals seeking treatment for cocaine or methamphetamine use disorders (N = 2062) in a wide range of treatment facilities in the United States. MEASUREMENTS We validated reduced stimulant use against a set of clinical indicators drawn from harmonized measurements, including severity of problems caused by drug use, comorbid depression, global severity of substance use and improvement, severity of drug-seeking behavior, craving and high-risk behaviors, all assessed at the end of the trial, as well as follow-up urine toxicology. A series of mixed effect regression models was conducted to validate reduction in frequency of use against no reduction in use and abstinence. FINDINGS More participants reduced frequency of primary drug use than achieved abstinence (18.0% vs. 14.2%, respectively). Reduced use was significantly associated with decreases in craving for the primary drug [60.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.3%-64.7%], drug seeking behaviors (41.0%, 95% CI = 36.6%-45.7%), depression severity (39.9%, 95% CI = 30.9%-48.3%), as well as multiple measures of global improvement in psychosocial functioning and severity of drug-related problems, albeit less strongly so than abstinence. Moreover, reduced use was associated with sustained clinical benefit at follow-up, as confirmed by negative urine tests (adjusted odds ratio compared with those with no reduction in use: 0.50, 95% CI = 0.35-0.71). CONCLUSION Reduced frequency of stimulant use appears to be associated with meaningful improvement in various clinical indicators of recovery. Assessment of reduced use, in addition to abstinence, could broaden the scope of outcomes measured in randomized controlled trials of stimulant use disorders and facilitate the development of more diverse treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryoko Susukida
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rosa M Crum
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Matheson C, Simovic T, Heefner A, Colon M, Tunon E, Cobb K, Thode C, Breland A, Cobb CO, Nana-Sinkam P, Garten R, Rodriguez-Miguelez P. Evidence of premature vascular dysfunction in young adults who regularly use e-cigarettes and the impact of usage length. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:229-243. [PMID: 38345700 PMCID: PMC11021332 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic (e-) cigarettes are increasingly popular tobacco products on the US market. Traditional tobacco products are known to cause vascular dysfunction, one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. However, little is known about the effect of regular e-cigarette use on vascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of regular e-cigarette use on vascular function and cardiovascular health in young, healthy adults. METHODS Twenty-one regular users of e-cigarettes (ECU) and twenty-one demographically matched non-users (NU) completed this study. Vascular health was assessed in the cutaneous microcirculation through different reactivity tests to evaluate overall functionality, endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDD), and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EID). Macrovascular function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). RESULTS Our results suggest that regular users of e-cigarettes present with premature microvascular impairment when compared to non-users. Specifically, they exhibit lower hyperemic (p = 0.003), thermal (p = 0.010), and EDD (p = 0.004) responses. No differences in EID between the groups were identified. We also identified that individuals who use e-cigarettes for longer than 3 years also present with systemic manifestations, as observed by significantly reduced macrovascular (p = 0.002) and microvascular (p ≤ 0.044) function. CONCLUSIONS Our novel data suggests that young, apparently healthy, regular users of e-cigarettes present with premature vascular dysfunction in the microcirculation when compared to non-users. We have also identified systemic vascular dysfunction affecting both the micro and macrovasculature in those young individuals who used e-cigarettes for longer than 3 years. Taken together, these findings associate regular e-cigarette use with premature vascular dysfunctions and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Matheson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Tijana Simovic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Allison Heefner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marisa Colon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Enrique Tunon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Kolton Cobb
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Christopher Thode
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Alison Breland
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Caroline O Cobb
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 817 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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27
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Cheung RW, Austerberry C, Fearon P, Hayiou-Thomas ME, Leve LD, Shaw DS, Ganiban JM, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhieser JM, Reiss D. Disentangling genetic and environmental influences on early language development: The interplay of genetic propensity for negative emotionality and surgency, and parenting behavior effects on early language skills in an adoption study. Child Dev 2024; 95:699-720. [PMID: 37947162 PMCID: PMC11023813 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Parenting and children's temperament are important influences on language development. However, temperament may reflect prior parenting, and parenting effects may reflect genes common to parents and children. In 561 U.S. adoptees (57% male) and their birth and rearing parents (70% and 92% White, 13% and 4% African American, and 7% and 2% Latinx, respectively), this study demonstrated how genetic propensity for temperament affects language development, and how this relates to parenting. Genetic propensity for negative emotionality inversely predicted language at 27 months (β = -.15) and evoked greater maternal warmth (β = .12), whereas propensity for surgency positively predicted language at 4.5 years (β = .20), especially when warmth was low. Parental warmth (β = .15) and sensitivity (β = .19) further contributed to language development, controlling for common gene effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Austerberry
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Leslie D Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jody M Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Misaki N Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jenae M Neiderhieser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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28
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Steely Smith MK, Hinton-Froese KE, Scarbrough Kamath B, Virmani M, Walters A, Zielinski MJ. Characteristics and Outcomes of Women and Infants Who Received Prenatal Care While Incarcerated in Arkansas State Prison System, 2014-2019. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:935-948. [PMID: 38177975 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisons face challenges in meeting the unique health care needs of women, especially those who are pregnant. This retrospective chart review sought to describe the maternal and infant health outcomes of incarcerated women who received prenatal care while in an Arkansas prison. METHODS Using a hospital-based electronic medical records (EMR) system, we examined the maternal health history and current pregnancy characteristics of 219 pregnant women who received prenatal care while incarcerated from June 2014 to May 2019. We also examined labor and delivery characteristics and postpartum and infant birth outcomes for the 146 women from this cohort who delivered a living child while still incarcerated. RESULTS Most records indicated complex health histories with several chronic illnesses, mental health diagnoses, history of substance use, and lifetime medical complications. Despite comorbid illness, substance use disorder (SUD), trauma-history, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence was lower than expected. Previous and current obstetrical complications were common. Although the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission rate (41%) was high, few infants required extensive treatment intervention. Postpartum complications were rare; however, a small portion of women who gave birth in custody experienced severe complications and were re-admitted to the hospital post-discharge. CONCLUSIONS Incarcerated pregnant women and their infants are a marginalized population in great need of health care advocacy. To optimize maternal-infant outcomes, carceral agencies must recognize the health needs of incarcerated pregnant women and provide appropriate prenatal care. Expansion of carceral perinatal care to include screening for SUD and psychiatric symptoms (e.g., PTSD) and referral to appropriate care is highly encouraged. Policies related to NICU admission for non-medical reasons should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollee K Steely Smith
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Slot 568, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | | | - Brooke Scarbrough Kamath
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Slot 568, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Misty Virmani
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Slot 568, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ashton Walters
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Slot 568, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Melissa J Zielinski
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Slot 568, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA.
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29
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Ma D, Badve C, Sun JEP, Hu S, Wang X, Chen Y, Nayate A, Wien M, Martin D, Singer LT, Durieux JC, Flask C, Costello DW. Motion Robust MR Fingerprinting Scan to Image Neonates With Prenatal Opioid Exposure. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1758-1768. [PMID: 37515516 PMCID: PMC10823040 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether MR fingerprinting (MRF) scans provide motion-robust and quantitative brain tissue measurements for non-sedated infants with prenatal opioid exposure (POE). STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION 13 infants with POE (3 male; 12 newborns (age 7-65 days) and 1 infant aged 9-months). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T, 3D T1-weighted MPRAGE, 3D T2-weighted TSE and MRF sequences. ASSESSMENT The image quality of MRF and MRI was assessed in a fully crossed, multiple-reader, multiple-case study. Sixteen image quality features in three types-image artifacts, structure and myelination visualization-were ranked by four neuroradiologists (8, 7, 5, and 8 years of experience respectively), using a 3-point scale. MRF T1 and T2 values in 8 white matter brain regions were compared between babies younger than 1 month and babies between 1 and 2 months. STATISTICAL TESTS Generalized estimating equations model to test the significance of differences of regional T1 and T2 values of babies under 1 month and those older. MRI and MRF image quality was assessed using Gwet's second order auto-correlation coefficient (AC2) with confidence levels. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to assess the difference in proportions between MRF and MRI for all features and stratified by the type of features. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The MRF of two infants were excluded in T1 and T2 value analysis due to severe motion artifact but were included in the image quality assessment. In infants under 1 month of age (N = 6), the T1 and T2 values were significantly higher compared to those between 1 and 2 months of age (N = 4). MRF images showed significantly higher image quality ratings in all three feature types compared to MRI images. CONCLUSIONS MR Fingerprinting scans have potential to be a motion-robust and efficient method for nonsedated infants. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chaitra Badve
- Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jessie EP Sun
- Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yong Chen
- Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ameya Nayate
- Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael Wien
- Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Douglas Martin
- Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lynn T Singer
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
| | - Jared C. Durieux
- Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chris Flask
- Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Lee JS, Batchelder AW, Stanton AM, Westphal L, Klevens RM, Mayer KH, O'Cleirigh C. Structural vulnerabilities and PrEP awareness among Boston heterosexuals and people who inject drugs at risk for HIV: findings from 2018 to 2019 cycles from the Boston, MA site of the NHBS. AIDS Care 2024; 36:641-651. [PMID: 38091449 PMCID: PMC10994762 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2288646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about biopsychosocial factors relating to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness among people with either heterosexual or injection drug use HIV risk behaviors. Participants engaged in vaginal/anal sex with a person of the opposite sex (N = 515) or were people who injected drugs (PWID; N = 451) in the past 12 months from 2018-2019 in Boston, MA. We examined associations between PrEP awareness and: homelessness; perceived HIV-related stigma; country of birth; bacterial STDs, chlamydia, and/or gonorrhea in the past 12 months, lifetime hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, sexual orientation, and poverty. More PWID (36.8%) were aware of PrEP than people with heterosexual HIV risk (28%; p = .001). Among people with heterosexual risk, homelessness (aOR = 1.99, p = .003), and among PWID: homelessness (aOR = 2.11, p = .032); bacterial STD (aOR = 2.96, p = .012); chlamydia (aOR = 6.14, p = .008); and HCV (aOR = 2.40, p < .001) were associated with increased likelihood of PrEP awareness. In the combined sample: homelessness (aOR = 2.25, p < .001); HCV (aOR = 2.18, p < .001); identifying as homosexual (aOR = 3.71, p = .036); and bisexual (aOR = 1.55, p = .016) were each associated with PrEP awareness. Although having an STD, HCV, identifying as homosexual or bisexual, and experiencing homelessness were associated with increased PrEP awareness, most participants were unaware of PrEP. Efforts to increase PrEP awareness could engage PWID and heterosexual HIV risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A W Batchelder
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M Stanton
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Westphal
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Klevens
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C O'Cleirigh
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Elder HJ, Walentiny DM, Beardsley PM. Enantiomeric contributions to methamphetamine's bidirectional effects on basal and fentanyl-depressed respiration in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 238:173735. [PMID: 38373600 PMCID: PMC11015966 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fentanyl remains the primary cause of fatal overdoses, and its co-use with methamphetamine (METH) is a growing concern. We previously demonstrated that racemic METH can either enhance or mitigate opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) dependent upon whether a low or high dose is administered. The optical isomers of METH, dextromethamphetamine (d-METH) and levomethamphetamine (l-METH), differ substantially in their selectivity and potency to activate various monoamine (MA) receptors, and these pharmacological differences may underlie the bidirectional effects of the racemate. Since it is unknown which of METH's MA receptor mechanisms mediate these respiratory effects, examination of METH's pharmacologically distinct enantiomers may provide insight into treatment targets for OIRD. METHODS The two optical isomers of METH, d-METH and l-METH, were tested in adult male mice to determine their effects on basal and fentanyl-depressed respiratory frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation (MVb; i.e., respiratory frequency x tidal volume) using whole-body plethysmography. RESULTS When tested at dose ranges of 1.0-10 mg/kg, d-METH elevated MVb and l-METH decreased basal MVb. A dose of 30 mg/kg l-METH increased basal MVb. Under fentanyl-depressed conditions, the bidirectional effects of racemic METH were observed with d-METH treatment while l-METH significantly exacerbated OIRD at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS d-METH and l-METH differentially contribute to the bidirectional respiratory modulation observed by the racemate, with d-METH exhibiting predominantly stimulatory effects and l-METH exhibiting primarily depressant effects depending on dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J Elder
- Now at Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - D Matthew Walentiny
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Center for Biomarker Research & Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA
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Schiariti V, Shierk A, Stashinko EE, Sukal-Moulton T, Feldman RS, Aman C, Mendoza-Puccini MC, Brandenburg JE. Cerebral palsy pain instruments: Recommended tools for clinical research studies by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Cerebral Palsy Common Data Elements project. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:610-622. [PMID: 37650571 PMCID: PMC10902183 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study describes the process of updating the cerebral palsy (CP) common data elements (CDEs), specifically identifying tools that capture the impact of chronic pain on children's functioning. METHOD Through a partnership between the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the CP CDEs were developed as data standards for clinical research in neuroscience. Chronic pain was underrepresented in the NINDS CP CDEs version 1.0. A multi-step methodology was applied by an interdisciplinary professional team. Following an adapted CP chronic pain tools' rating system, and a review of psychometric properties, clinical utility, and compliance with inclusion/exclusion criteria, a set of recommended pain tools was posted online for external public comment in May 2022. RESULTS Fifteen chronic pain tools met inclusion criteria, representing constructs across all components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. INTERPRETATION This paper describes the first condition-specific pain CDEs for a pediatric population. The proposed set of chronic pain tools complement and enhance the applicability of the existing pediatric CP CDEs. The novel CP CDE pain tools harmonize the assessment of chronic pain, addressing not only intensity of chronic pain, but also the functional impact of experiencing it in everyday activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Schiariti
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Shierk
- Texas Woman’s University, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elaine E Stashinko
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa Sukal-Moulton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - M Carolina Mendoza-Puccini
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joline E Brandenburg
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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McFarland MH, Machado MMF, Sansbury GM, Musselman KC, Boero G, O'Buckley TK, Carr CC, Morrow AL, Robinson DL. Acute, but not repeated, cocaine exposure alters allopregnanolone levels in the midbrain of male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1011-1025. [PMID: 38282126 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple psychiatric disorders are associated with altered brain and serum levels of neuroactive steroids, including the endogenous GABAergic steroid, allopregnanolone. Clinically, chronic cocaine use was correlated with decreased levels of pregnenolone. Preclinically, the effect of acute cocaine on allopregnanolone levels in rodents has had mixed results, showing an increase or no change in allopregnanolone levels in some brain regions. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that cocaine acutely increases allopregnanolone levels, but repeated cocaine exposure decreases allopregnanolone levels compared to controls. METHODS We performed two separate studies to determine how systemic administration of 15 mg/kg cocaine (1) acutely or (2) chronically alters brain (olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and midbrain) and serum allopregnanolone levels in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS Cocaine acutely increased allopregnanolone levels in the midbrain, but not in olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, or dorsal striatum. Repeated cocaine did not persistently (24 h later) alter allopregnanolone levels in any region in either sex. However, allopregnanolone levels varied by sex across brain regions. In the acute study, we found that females had significantly higher allopregnanolone levels in serum and olfactory bulb relative to males. In the repeated cocaine study, females had significantly higher allopregnanolone levels in olfactory bulb, frontal cortex, and serum. Finally, acute cocaine increased allopregnanolone levels in the frontal cortex of females in proestrus, relative to non-proestrus stages. CONCLUSION Collectively these results suggest that allopregnanolone levels vary across brain regions and by sex, which may play a part in differential responses to cocaine by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna H McFarland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Meira M F Machado
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Griffin M Sansbury
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kate C Musselman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Todd K O'Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Crystal C Carr
- Department of Psychology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - A Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Donita L Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Burt SA, O'Keefe P, Johnson W, Thaler D, Leve LD, Natsuaki MN, Reiss D, Shaw DS, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM. The Detection of Environmental Influences on Academic Achievement Appears to Depend on the Analytic Approach. Behav Genet 2024; 54:252-267. [PMID: 38587720 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-024-10179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
One long-standing analytic approach in adoption studies is to examine correlations between features of adoptive homes and outcomes of adopted children (hereafter termed 'measured environment correlations') to illuminate environmental influences on those associations. Although results from such studies have almost uniformly suggested modest environmental influences on adopted children's academic achievement, other work has indicated that adopted children's achievement is routinely higher than that of their reared-apart family members, often substantially so. We sought to understand this discrepancy. We examined academic achievement and literacy-promotive features of the home in 424 yoked adoptive/biological families participating in the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS; i.e., adopted children, adoptive mothers, birth mothers, and biological siblings of the adopted children remaining in the birth homes) using an exhaustive modeling approach. Results indicated that, as anticipated, adopted children scored up to a full standard deviation higher on standardized achievement tests relative to their birth mothers and reared-apart biological siblings. Moreover, these achievement differences were associated with differences in the literacy-promotive features of the adoptive and birth family homes, despite minimal measured environment correlations within adoptive families. A subsequent simulation study highlighted noise in measured environmental variables as an explanation for the decreased utility of measured environment correlations. We conclude that the field's heavy focus on measured environment correlations within adoptive families may have obscured detection of specific environmental effects on youth outcomes, and that future adoption studies should supplement their measured environment analyses with mean differences between reared-apart relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
| | - Patrick O'Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Wendy Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Thaler
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Leslie D Leve
- College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | | | - David Reiss
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jody M Ganiban
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
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Ma J, Luu B, Ruderman SA, Whitney BM, Merrill JO, Mixson LS, Nance RM, Drumright LN, Hahn AW, Fredericksen RJ, Chander G, Lau B, McCaul ME, Safren S, O'Cleirigh C, Cropsey K, Mayer KH, Mathews WC, Moore RD, Napravnik S, Christopoulos K, Willig A, Jacobson JM, Webel A, Burkholder G, Mugavero MJ, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Delaney JAC. Alcohol and drug use severity are independently associated with antiretroviral adherence in the current treatment era. AIDS Care 2024; 36:618-630. [PMID: 37419138 PMCID: PMC10771542 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2223899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Substance use in people with HIV (PWH) negatively impacts antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. However, less is known about this in the current treatment era and the impact of specific substances or severity of substance use. We examined the associations of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drug use (methamphetamine/crystal, cocaine/crack, illicit opioids/heroin) and their severity of use with adherence using multivariable linear regression in adult PWH in care between 2016 and 2020 at 8 sites across the US. PWH completed assessments of alcohol use severity (AUDIT-C), drug use severity (modified ASSIST), and ART adherence (visual analogue scale). Among 9400 PWH, 16% reported current hazardous alcohol use, 31% current marijuana use, and 15% current use of ≥1 illicit drugs. In multivariable analysis, current methamphetamine/crystal use, particularly common among men who had sex with men, was associated with 10.1% lower mean ART adherence (p < 0.001) and 2.6% lower adherence per 5-point higher severity of use (ASSIST score) (p < 0.001). Current and more severe use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs were also associated with lower adherence in a dose-dependent manner. In the current HIV treatment era, individualized substance use treatment, especially for methamphetamine/crystal, and ART adherence should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Luu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S A Ruderman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B M Whitney
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J O Merrill
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L S Mixson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R M Nance
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L N Drumright
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A W Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R J Fredericksen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Chander
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C O'Cleirigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Cropsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K H Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W C Mathews
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R D Moore
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Napravnik
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Christopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Willig
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J M Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Webel
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, Unviersity of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G Burkholder
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M J Mugavero
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M S Saag
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M M Kitahata
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H M Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J A C Delaney
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Mehtani NJ, Strough A, Strieff S, Zevin B, Eveland J, Riley ED, Gandhi M. Feasibility of Implementing a Low-Barrier Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Program for HIV Treatment and Prevention for People Experiencing Homelessness. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 96:61-67. [PMID: 38346426 PMCID: PMC11009050 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting (LA) antiretrovirals may provide meaningful benefit to people who use drugs and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) who face disproportionate structural and psychosocial barriers in adhering to daily oral HIV antiretroviral therapy or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but their use in these populations has not been studied. SETTING The Maria X. Martinez Health Resource Center is a low-barrier (eg, no appointment) community-based clinic serving San Francisco PEH. METHODS A multidisciplinary care model with robust monitoring and outreach support was developed to provide LA antiretroviral therapy (ART) and LA-PrEP to eligible patients experiencing difficulties adhering to oral antiretrovirals. Feasibility was assessed by evaluating the rates of HIV viremia and on-time injections among patients receiving LA antiretrovirals over the first 24 months of program implementation. RESULTS Between November 2021 and November 2023, 33 patients initiated LA-ART or LA-PrEP (median age, 37 years; 27% transgender/nonbinary; 73% non-White; 27% street homeless; 52% sheltered homeless; 30% with opioid use disorder; 82% with methamphetamine use disorder). Among 18 patients with HIV, 14 initiated LA-ART injections with detectable viremia (median CD4 count, 340 cells/mm 3 ; mean log 10 viral load, 3.53; SD, 1.62), 8 had never previously been virally suppressed, and all but 1 achieved or maintained virologic suppression (mean, 9.67 months; SD, 8.30). Among 15 LA-PrEP patients, all remained HIV negative (mean, 4.73 months; SD, 2.89). Of 224 total injections administered, 8% were delayed >7 days. DISCUSSION The implementation of LA antiretrovirals is feasible in low-barrier, highly supportive clinical settings serving vulnerable PEH. Expansion of such programs will be critical in ending the HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky J Mehtani
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Whole Person Integrated Care, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA; and
- Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alix Strough
- Whole Person Integrated Care, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Sarah Strieff
- Whole Person Integrated Care, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Barry Zevin
- Whole Person Integrated Care, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Joanna Eveland
- Whole Person Integrated Care, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Elise D Riley
- Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Singh H, Koury J, Maung R, Roberts AJ, Kaul M. Interferon-β deficiency alters brain response to chronic HIV-1 envelope protein exposure in a transgenic model of NeuroHIV. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:1-21. [PMID: 38360376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in about half of the population living with the virus despite combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). HIV-1 activates the innate immune system, including the production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) α and β. Transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 (HIVgp120tg) in the CNS develop memory impairment and share key neuropathological features and differential CNS gene expression with HIV patients, including the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). Here we show that knocking out IFNβ (IFNβKO) in HIVgp120tg and non-tg control mice impairs recognition and spatial memory, but does not affect anxiety-like behavior, locomotion, or vision. The neuropathology of HIVgp120tg mice is only moderately affected by the KO of IFNβ but in a sex-dependent fashion. Notably, in cerebral cortex of IFNβKO animals presynaptic terminals are reduced in males while neuronal dendrites are reduced in females. The IFNβKO results in the hippocampal CA1 region of both male and female HIVgp120tg mice in an ameliorated loss of neuronal presynaptic terminals but no protection of neuronal dendrites. Only female IFNβ-deficient HIVgp120tg mice display diminished microglial activation in cortex and hippocampus and increased astrocytosis in hippocampus compared to their IFNβ-expressing counterparts. RNA expression for some immune genes and ISGs is also affected in a sex-dependent way. The IFNβKO abrogates or diminishes the induction of MX1, DDX58, IRF7 and IRF9 in HIVgp120tg brains of both sexes. Expression analysis of neurotransmission related genes reveals an influence of IFNβ on multiple components with more pronounced changes in IFNβKO females. In contrast, the effects of IFNβKO on MAPK activities are independent of sex with pronounced reduction of active ERK1/2 but also of active p38 in the HIVgp120tg brain. In summary, our findings show that the absence of IFNβ impairs memory dependent behavior and modulates neuropathology in HIVgp120tg brains, indicating that its absence may facilitate development of HAND. Moreover, our data suggests that endogenous IFNβ plays a vital role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Singh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Koury
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Ricky Maung
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB6, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Irwin AN, Gray M, Ventricelli D, Boggis JS, Bratberg J, Floyd AS, Silcox J, Hartung DM, Green TC. "I go out of my way to give them an extra smile now:" A study of pharmacists who participated in Respond to Prevent, a community pharmacy intervention to accelerate provision of harm reduction materials. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:512-519. [PMID: 38395644 PMCID: PMC10981567 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacies are well-positioned to improve the health of people with opioid use disorder and who use drugs by providing naloxone and other essential public health supplies. Respond to Prevent (R2P) is a clinical trial which sought to accelerate provision of harm reduction materials through a multicomponent intervention that included in-store materials, online training, and academic detailing. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore pharmacists' attitudes, knowledge, and experiences in providing naloxone, dispensing buprenorphine, and selling nonprescription syringes following participation in the R2P program. METHODS Two online asynchronous focus groups were conducted with community-based chain pharmacists across Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Washington who had participated in the R2P program. Participants accessed an online repository of group interview items and responded to questions over a short period. Each pharmacist participated anonymously for approximately 30 min over 2 ½ days. Pharmacists answered questions on experiences with pharmacy-based harm reduction care and R2P intervention implementation barriers and facilitators. Qualitative data analysis was conducted by a multidisciplinary team using an immersion-crystallization approach. RESULTS A total of 32 pharmacists participated in the two focus groups. Most participants were female (n = 18, 56%), non-Hispanic (n = 29, 91%), and white (n = 17, 53%). Four major themes were identified related to (1) addressing bias and stigma toward people with opioid use disorder and who use drugs, (2) familiarity and comfort with naloxone provision, (3) perspective and practice shifts in nonprescription syringe sales, (4) structural challenges to harm reduction care in the pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists across the four states identified attitudes, knowledge, and experiences that create barriers to providing care to people with opioid use disorder and who use drugs. R2P approaches and tools were effective at reducing stigma and changing attitudes but were less effective at addressing structural challenges from the pharmacists' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane N Irwin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Oregon State University College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ventricelli
- Indivior, Inc., North Chesterfield, VA, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy at University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse S Boggis
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Opioid Policy Research Collaborative, Heller School for Social Policy & Management at Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bratberg
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anthony S Floyd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph Silcox
- Opioid Policy Research Collaborative, Heller School for Social Policy & Management at Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Hartung
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Oregon State University College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Traci C Green
- Opioid Policy Research Collaborative, Heller School for Social Policy & Management at Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Departments of Emergency Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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Rancaño KM, Puhl R, Skeer M, Eliasziw M, Must A. Negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization in a US sample of children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13108. [PMID: 38375755 PMCID: PMC11006571 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative familial weight talk may contribute to higher weight bias internalization in pre- and early adolescents (hereafter referred to as children) and may differ by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity. OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and examine differences by gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity. METHODS We cross-sectionally analysed 5th-7th graders (10-15 years old) living in Massachusetts (n = 375, 52.3% girls, 21.3% BMI ≥85th percentile, 54.8% non-Hispanic White). Negative familial weight talk frequency during the past 3 months was self-reported and discretized as 'never,' 'occasionally' (1-9 times) and 'often' (>9 times); the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale assessed weight bias internalization. Generalized linear models estimated the relationship between negative familial weight talk and weight bias internalization and sub-analyses estimated the relationship across gender, weight status, and race and ethnicity. Results are summarized as ratios of means (RoM). RESULTS Children experiencing negative familial weight talk occasionally (RoM = 1.12, p = 0.024) and often (RoM = 1.48, p < 0.001) had significantly higher weight bias internalization than children who never experienced it. In sub-analyses, experiencing negative familial weight talk often was associated with higher weight bias internalization among girls (RoM = 1.66, p < 0.001), boys (RoM = 1.32, p = 0.007), children with BMI <85th percentile (RoM = 1.44, p = 0.007) and BMI ≥85th percentile (RoM = 1.39, p = 0.001), and non-Hispanic White children (RoM = 1.78, p < 0.001), but not Hispanic (RoM = 1.25, p = 0.085) or non-Hispanic Black children (RoM = 1.20; p = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Frequent negative familial weight talk was associated with higher weight bias internalization across gender and weight status and in non-Hispanic White children only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Rancaño
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Puhl
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Margie Skeer
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, Boston, MA
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, Boston, MA
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston MA, Boston, MA
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Li W, Kalan ME, Kondracki AJ, Gautam P, Jebai R, Osibogun O. Longitudinal impact of perceived harm and addiction on e-cigarette initiation among tobacco-naïve youth: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (Waves 1-5). Public Health 2024; 230:52-58. [PMID: 38507916 PMCID: PMC11025441 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effect of e-cigarette-related harm and addiction perceptions on e-cigarette initiation among US tobacco-naïve adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This is a longitudinal study. METHODS Using data from five waves (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we created a longitudinal data set for 2775 youth aged 12-17 years who had no prior use of tobacco products at Wave 1. E-cigarette initiation was defined as transitioning from non-use at Wave 1 to ever use in subsequent waves. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the impact of harm and addiction perceptions on e-cigarette initiation. RESULTS Our analytic sample comprised 63.1% of youth who had never used tobacco products at Wave 1 and consequently initiated e-cigarette use in subsequent waves. Over time, fewer individuals perceived e-cigarettes as harmless (14.1%-2.1%), whereas more perceived them as likely to cause addiction (53.7%-76.6%). Compared with perceiving e-cigarettes as a lot of harm, those perceiving some harm (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.52), little harm (aHR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.68), or no harm (aHR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.64-2.65) were more likely to initiate e-cigarette use. Demographic factors for initiation included being Black or Hispanic ethnicity (vs White), younger age (12-14 vs15-17 years), and receiving over $20 per week (vs $0) in pocket money, with P-values <0.05. However, in adjusted results, addiction perceptions did not significantly impact e-cigarette initiation (P-values >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among youth without prior tobacco/nicotine use, perceiving e-cigarettes as having low harm significantly predicted initiation over time. Effective prevention strategies, including targeted risk communication interventions, are essential for discouraging e-cigarette use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - M E Kalan
- School of Health Professionals, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - A J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - P Gautam
- Texas State Board of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Jebai
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - O Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Zhu Y, Greenfield TK, Ye Y, Williams E, Kerr WC. Life-course Accumulated Cannabis Use and Recent Cannabis-related Problems in the Washington Panel Survey. Addict Behav 2024; 152:107957. [PMID: 38277992 PMCID: PMC10923088 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have only investigated the short-term association of recent cannabis use with cannabis-related problems, without accounting for the onset, duration, and variations in frequency of use in the life-course. METHODS We obtained data from the Washington panel survey during 2014-2016. We constructed accumulated lifetime exposure to cannabis use, heavy drinking (5+ drinks on one occasion), and cigarette pack-years from age of onset based on a series of decades-based questions on cannabis use and heavy drinking, and tobacco use history. We used Generalized Estimating Equation with Poisson distribution to investigate the association between accumulated cannabis use and the past-6-month CUDIT score. We adjusted for accumulated heavy drinking and cigarette pack-years, substance co-use variables, demographics, and applied survey weights. RESULTS We found strong and statistically significant correlations for the lifetime measures across the four panel surveys, indicating that the life-course measures of cannabis use and heavy drinking were largely reliable. We found a statistically significant relationship between the lifetime accumulated exposure to cannabis and CUDIT. The results were robust to the inconsistencies in reported frequencies and onset age across panel surveys. CONCLUSIONS This study established the relationship between lifetime exposure to cannabis and cannabis-related problems in a representative sample of drinkers and marijuana users in Washington state. We have also provided test-retest validity and question details for the decades-based cannabis and heavy drinking measures to facilitate their use in future studies of cannabis and alcohol-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Zhu
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, CA, United States
| | | | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, CA, United States
| | - Edwina Williams
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, CA, United States
| | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, CA, United States
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Schlam TR, Baker TB, Piper ME, Cook JW, Smith SS, Zwaga D, Jorenby DE, Almirall D, Bolt DM, Collins LM, Mermelstein R, Fiore MC. What to do after smoking relapse? A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial of chronic care smoking treatments. Addiction 2024; 119:898-914. [PMID: 38282258 DOI: 10.1111/add.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare effects of three post-relapse interventions on smoking abstinence. DESIGN Sequential three-phase multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART). SETTING Eighteen Wisconsin, USA, primary care clinics. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1154 primary care patients (53.6% women, 81.2% White) interested in quitting smoking enrolled from 2015 to 2019; 582 relapsed and were randomized to relapse recovery treatment. INTERVENTIONS In phase 1, patients received cessation counseling and 8 weeks nicotine patch. Those who relapsed and agreed were randomized to a phase 2 relapse recovery group: (1) reduction counseling + nicotine mini-lozenges + encouragement to quit starting 1 month post-randomization (preparation); (2) repeated encouragement to quit starting immediately post-randomization (recycling); or (3) advice to call the tobacco quitline (control). The first two groups could opt into phase 3 new quit treatment [8 weeks nicotine patch + mini-lozenges plus randomization to two treatment factors (skill training and supportive counseling) in a 2 × 2 design]. Phase 2 and 3 interventions lasted ≤ 15 months. MEASUREMENTS The study was powered to compare each active phase 2 treatment with the control on the primary outcome: biochemically confirmed 7-day point-prevalence abstinence 14 months post initiating phase 2 relapse recovery treatment. Exploratory analyses tested for phase 3 counseling factor effects. FINDINGS Neither skill training nor supportive counseling (each on versus off) increased 14-month abstinence rates; skills on versus off 9.3% (14/151) versus 5.2% (8/153), P = 0.19; support on versus off 6.6% (10/152) versus 7.9% (12/152), P = 0.73. Phase 2 preparation did not produce higher 14-month abstinence rates than quitline referral; 3.6% (8/220) versus 2.1% [3/145; risk difference = 1.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.8-5.0%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% CI = 0.5-6.9]. Recycling, however, produced higher abstinence rates than quitline referral; 6.9% (15/217) versus 2.1% (three of 145; risk difference, 4.8%, 95% CI = 0.7-8.9%, OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.0-12.4). Recycling produced greater entry into new quit treatment than preparation: 83.4% (181/217) versus 55.9% (123/220), P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Among people interested in quitting smoking, immediate encouragement post-relapse to enter a new round of smoking cessation treatment ('recycling') produced higher probability of abstinence than tobacco quitline referral. Recycling produced higher rates of cessation treatment re-engagement than did preparation/cutting down using more intensive counseling and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Schlam
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy B Baker
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan E Piper
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica W Cook
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stevens S Smith
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deejay Zwaga
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas E Jorenby
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel Almirall
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel M Bolt
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda M Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin Mermelstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael C Fiore
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Lanni S, Stone M, Berger AF, Wilson RLH, Wilens TE, Philpotts LL, Burke CW. Design, Recruitment, and Implementation of Research Interventions Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:722-742. [PMID: 38332393 PMCID: PMC11017793 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Transitional age youth experiencing homelessness (TAY-EH) represent an underserved and understudied population. While an increasing number of empirical interventions have sought to address the high burden of psychopathology in this population, findings remain mixed regarding intervention effectiveness. In this systematic review of behavioral health interventions for TAY-EH, we sought to examine the structural framework in which these interventions take place and how these structures include or exclude certain populations of youth. We also examined implementation practices to identify how interventions involving youth and community stakeholders effectively engage these populations. Based on PRISMA guidelines, searches of Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were conducted, including English language literature published before October 2022. Eligible studies reported on interventions for adolescent or young adult populations ages 13-25 years experiencing homelessness. The initial search yielded 3850 citations; 353 underwent full text review and 48 met inclusion criteria, of which there were 33 unique studies. Studies revealed a need for greater geographic distribution of empirically based interventions, as well as interventions targeting TAY-EH in rural settings. Studies varied greatly regarding their operationalizations of homelessness and their method of intervention implementation, but generally indicated a need for increased direct-street outreach in participant recruitment and improved incorporation of youth feedback into intervention design. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to examine the representation of various groups of TAY-EH in the literature on substance use and mental health interventions. Further intervention research engaging youth from various geographic locations and youth experiencing different forms of homelessness is needed to better address the behavioral health needs of a variety of TAY-EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lanni
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Mira Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amy F Berger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ronan L H Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Timothy E Wilens
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lisa L Philpotts
- Treadwell Library, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Colin W Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Room 628, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Reddy J, Schiff D, Terplan M, Jones H, Putnam-Hornstein E. Child Protection System Removal and Short-Interval Births Among Individuals With Prenatal Substance Use. Obstet Gynecol 2024; 143:700-703. [PMID: 38484312 PMCID: PMC11031339 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Child protection systems often intervene after substance-exposed births but are not designed to address the postpartum needs of the delivering parent. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to estimate the association between early child protection system removal and high-risk subsequent birth trajectories among a cohort of mothers with substance-exposed births in California. Of 6,893 births in 2015 with documented prenatal drug and alcohol exposure, 20.4% of mothers experienced child protection system removal within 30 days after birth. First-month child protection system removal was associated with short-interval birth (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.61, 95% CI, 1.09-2.36) and short-interval birth with documentation of substance exposure (adjusted HR 3.17, 95% CI, 1.65-6.08). We found that child separation was associated with an increase, not a reduction, in subsequent substance-exposed births. These findings indicate the need for focused public health and supportive services to address the treatment, health care, family-building, and psychological needs of parents with substance use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reddy
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and the School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Friends Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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Asgel Z, Kouakou MR, Koller D, Pathak GA, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Polimanti R. Unraveling COVID-19 relationship with anxiety disorders and symptoms using genome-wide data. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:333-341. [PMID: 38382819 PMCID: PMC10939738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still a limited understanding of the dynamics contributing to the comorbidity of COVID-19 and anxiety outcomes. METHODS To dissect the pleiotropic mechanisms contributing to COVID-19/anxiety comorbidity, we used genome-wide data from UK Biobank (up to 420,531 participants), FinnGen Project (up to 329,077 participants), Million Veteran Program (175,163 participants), and COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (up to 122,616 cases and 2,475,240 controls). Specifically, we assessed global and local genetic correlation and genetically inferred effects linking COVID-19 outcomes (infection, hospitalization, and severe respiratory symptoms) to anxiety disorders and symptoms. RESULTS We observed a strong genetic correlation of anxiety disorder with COVID-19 positive status (rg = 0.35, p = 2×10-4) and COVID-19 hospitalization (rg = 0.31, p = 7.2×10-4). Among anxiety symptoms, "Tense, sore, or aching muscles during worst period of anxiety" was genetically correlated with COVID-19 positive status (rg = 0.33, p = 0.001), while "Frequent trouble falling or staying asleep during worst period of anxiety" was genetically correlated with COVID-19 hospitalization (rg = 0.24, p = 0.004). Through a latent causal variable analysis, we observed that COVID-19 outcomes have statistically significant genetic causality proportion (gcp) on anxiety symptoms (e.g., COVID-19 positive status→"Recent easy annoyance or irritability" │gcp│ = 0.18, p = 6.72×10-17). Conversely, anxiety disorders appear to have a possible causal effect on COVID-19 (│gcp│ = 0.38, p = 3.17×10-9). Additionally, we also identified multiple loci with evidence of local genetic correlation between anxiety and COVID-19. These appear to be related to genetic effects shared with lung function, brain morphology, alcohol and tobacco use, and hematologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study provided insights into the pleiotropic mechanisms linking COVID-19 and anxiety outcomes, suggesting differences between dynamics related to anxiety disorders and those related to anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Asgel
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manuela R Kouakou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dora Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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46
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Buchanan CM, Glatz T, Selçuk Ş, Skinner AT, Lansford JE, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Steinberg L, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP. Developmental Trajectories of Parental Self-Efficacy as Children Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries: Latent Growth Curve Analyses. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1047-1065. [PMID: 37957457 PMCID: PMC10981562 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the developmental trajectories of parental self-efficacy as children transition into adolescence. This study examined parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers over 3 1/2 years representing this transition, and whether the level and developmental trajectory of parental self-efficacy varied by cultural group. Data were drawn from three waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 1178 mothers and 1041 fathers of children who averaged 9.72 years of age at T1 (51.2% girls). Parents were from nine countries (12 ethnic/cultural groups), which were categorized into those with a predominant collectivistic (i.e., China, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Colombia, and Jordan) or individualistic (i.e., Italy, Sweden, and USA) cultural orientation based on Hofstede's Individualism Index (Hofstede Insights, 2021). Latent growth curve analyses supported the hypothesis that parental self-efficacy would decline as children transition into adolescence only for parents from more individualistic countries; parental self-efficacy increased over the same years among parents from more collectivistic countries. Secondary exploratory analyses showed that some demographic characteristics predicted the level and trajectory of parental self-efficacy differently for parents in more individualistic and more collectivistic countries. Results suggest that declines in parental self-efficacy documented in previous research are culturally influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suha M Al-Hassan
- Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
- UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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47
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Guastaferro K, Linden-Carmichael AN, Chiang SC. Association Between Child Maltreatment and Substance Use Disorder Across Emerging Adulthood. Child Maltreat 2024; 29:340-349. [PMID: 36715445 PMCID: PMC10981177 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231154545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is associated with substance use beginning in adolescence and throughout early adulthood. Substance use disorders (SUD) are most likely to develop during emerging adulthood (18-25 years old). Thus, to develop effective substance use prevention strategies, it is useful to know the ages at which associations between maltreatment exposure (prior to age 18) and SUD are most strongly tied. This study examined the age-varying association between child maltreatment and past-year SUD in emerging adulthood by sex and by maltreatment type using time-varying effect models (TVEM). Data were from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III). The analytic sample consisted of 5194 emerging adults. The association was strongest at younger ages, with individuals who experienced child maltreatment having three times greater odds of reporting SUD in the past-year. Differential associations were found by sex, racial-ethnic group, and maltreatment type across age. Prevention efforts may be more effective if their development is informed by these important differences and targeted at emerging adults rather than adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Guastaferro
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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48
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McHugh RK, Korte FM, Bichon JA, Weiss RD. Gender differences in the prevalence of stimulant misuse in the United States: 2015-2019. Am J Addict 2024; 33:283-289. [PMID: 37924248 PMCID: PMC11032236 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The gender gap in prevalence of substance-use disorders has narrowed. However, gender differences in stimulant misuse have not been well-characterized in recent years. The aim of this study was to quantify gender differences in past-year stimulant misuse and stimulant-use disorder, separated by stimulant type (cocaine/crack, prescription stimulants, and methamphetamine). In an exploratory aim, we investigated whether gender differences were moderated by age or sexual orientation. METHODS We combined data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019 (unweighted N = 282,768) to test gender differences in the prevalence of past-year stimulant misuse. RESULTS Results indicated that stimulant misuse was significantly more prevalent in men than women for all stimulant types for both past-year use and past-year use disorder. The magnitude of this sex difference was smallest for prescription stimulants, where men had 1.37 times higher odds of past-year misuse and no gender difference was observed in the prevalence of prescription stimulant-use disorder. The magnitude of gender differences also varied based on both age and sexual orientation. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Illicit stimulant misuse continues to be more common in men than in women; however, gender differences are more modest for prescription stimulant misuse, suggesting a narrowing of this historical gender difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kathryn McHugh
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca M. Korte
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Juliette A. Bichon
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Roger D. Weiss
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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49
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He Y, Liber A, Driezen P, Thompson ME, Levy DT, Fong GT, Cummings KM, Shang C. How do users compare the costs between nicotine vaping products and cigarettes? Findings from the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control United States surveys. Addiction 2024; 119:885-897. [PMID: 38186201 PMCID: PMC11009094 DOI: 10.1111/add.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) can potentially help adult tobacco users quit smoking. This study evaluated how adult consumers compare the costs between NVPs and cigarettes. METHOD We used data from the US arm of the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) surveys to perform a multinomial logit model with two-way fixed effects to measure how perceived cost comparisons are associated with NVP and cigarette taxes, use patterns, NVP device types and individual sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Higher cigarette taxes are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving NVPs and cigarettes as costing the same for the overall population and among people who exclusively smoke, and a lower likelihood of perceiving NVPs as more expensive among people who exclusively vape, compared with lower cigarette taxes. Pre-filled cartridge and tank users are more likely to perceive NVPs as less expensive than cigarettes, compared with people who use other types of NVPs. The associations between taxes and perceived cost comparison were more pronounced among males, younger and low-income populations. CONCLUSIONS Higher cigarette taxes are associated with perceived financial incentives for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) over cigarettes, whereas NVP taxes are not associated with perceived cost comparison between NVPs and cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun He
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Liber
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mary E. Thompson
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - David T. Levy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K. Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ce Shang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology Division, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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50
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Chao JY, Simpao AF, Yuan I. A Window into the Developing Brain: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Pediatric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:863-864. [PMID: 38592355 PMCID: PMC11006386 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Y Chao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Allan F Simpao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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