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Spinelli S, Hopfer H, Moulinier V, Prescott J, Monteleone E, Hayes JE. Distinct Sensory Hedonic Functions for Sourness in Adults. Food Qual Prefer 2024; 116:105152. [PMID: 38617134 PMCID: PMC11014420 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the last half-century, variable responses to sweetness have repeatedly been shown to fall into a small number of hedonic responses, implying that looking only at group means may can obfuscate meaningfully different response patterns. Comparative data for sourness is quite sparse, especially in adults. While increased liking with higher acid concentration has been reported for some children, in adults, sourness is classically assumed to be aversive, with a monotonic drop in liking with increasing sourness. Here, we test this assumption using a simple model system or experimental beverage in convenience samples of adults from the United States (increasing citric acid in water) and Italy (increasing citric acid in pear juice). Participants rated intensity and liking of sampled stimuli. For both cohorts, we find clear evidence of three distinct patterns of responses: a strong negative group where liking dropped with increased sourness, an intermediate group who showed a more muted drop in liking with more sourness, and a strong positive group where liking increased with more sourness. Strikingly, both cohorts showed similar proportions of response patterns, with ~63-70% in the strong negative group, and 11-12% in the strong positive group, suggesting these proportions may be stable across cultures. Notably, the three groups did not differ by age or gender. These data support the existence of different hedonic response profiles to sour stimuli in adults, once again highlighting the importance of looking at individual differences and potential consumer segments, rather than merely averaging hedonic responses across all individuals within a group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spinelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helene Hopfer
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victor Moulinier
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Prescott
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
- TasteMatters Research & Consulting, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erminio Monteleone
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy
| | - John E. Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Leong LM, Storace DA. Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:033402. [PMID: 38288247 PMCID: PMC10823906 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are protein-based optical sensors that allow for measurements from genetically defined populations of neurons. Although in vivo imaging in the mammalian brain with early generation GEVIs was difficult due to poor membrane expression and low signal-to-noise ratio, newer and more sensitive GEVIs have begun to make them useful for answering fundamental questions in neuroscience. We discuss principles of imaging using GEVIs and genetically encoded calcium indicators, both useful tools for in vivo imaging of neuronal activity, and review some of the recent mechanistic advances that have led to GEVI improvements. We provide an overview of the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) and discuss recent studies using the GEVI ArcLight to study different cell types within the bulb using both widefield and two-photon microscopy. Specific emphasis is placed on using GEVIs to begin to study the principles of concentration coding in the OB, how to interpret the optical signals from population measurements in the in vivo brain, and future developments that will push the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Min Leong
- Florida State University, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Douglas A. Storace
- Florida State University, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Florida State University, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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3
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Moser C, Campanelli A, Friedman L, Thurman AJ, Roberts JE, Abbeduto L, Klusek J. Characterising the social interaction style of autism in young adult males with fragile X syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:464-476. [PMID: 38258970 PMCID: PMC11023774 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characterisation of autism in fragile X syndrome (FXS) has been a source of controversy due to the complexity of disentangling autism traits from common features of the FXS phenotype. Autism in FXS is significantly underdiagnosed in the community, which may be partly due to insufficient clinical description of the social interaction profile of autism within the FXS phenotype. In this study, we applied a classic framework for characterising social interaction styles in autism to a sample of young adult males with FXS and co-occurring autism to enhance understanding of how the social challenges associated with autism manifest within FXS. METHODS Participants were 41 males (M age = 18 years) with FXS and co-occurring autism. Interaction samples were coded for expression of predominately 'active' (characterised by a desire to make social approaches) or 'passive' (characterised by lack of initiation of social approach towards others) interaction profiles. Differences in the expression of phenotypic features of FXS, including anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cognitive, adaptive and language impairments and autism symptom severity, were examined across those with passive and active interaction styles. RESULTS Approximately half of the sample was classified as active and half as passive, demonstrating diversity in the social phenotype of autism associated with FXS. The two subtypes did not differ in autism severity, anxiety or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms or in cognitive, adaptive or language abilities. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances understanding of FXS-associated autism by documenting phenotypic variability in the social interaction profile in this group, with active and passive social interaction styles represented. The two social interaction styles were not associated with differential expression of common phenotypic features of FXS, suggesting similar support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Moser
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, 1705 College Street, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Alyssa Campanelli
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, 1705 College Street, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Laura Friedman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, 1705 College Street, Columbia SC 29208, USA
| | - Angela John Thurman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jane E. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jessica Klusek
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, 1705 College Street, Columbia SC 29208, USA
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Jia C, Gill WD, Lovins C, Brown RW, Hagg T. Astrocyte focal adhesion kinase reduces passive stress coping by inhibiting ciliary neurotrophic factor only in female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100621. [PMID: 38516563 PMCID: PMC10955429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have been implicated in stress responses and produce ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which we have shown in the mouse medial amygdala (MeA) to promote passive stress coping response only in females. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) upregulates CNTF expression. Here, we found that inducible knockout of FAK in astrocytes or systemic treatment with an FAK inhibitor increased passive coping behavior, i.e., immobility, in an acute forced swim stress test in female, but not male, mice. Strikingly, four weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) did not further increase passive coping in female astrocytic FAK knockout mice, whereas it exacerbated it in female wildtype mice and male mice of both genotypes. These data suggest that astrocyte FAK inhibition is required for chronic stress-induced passive coping in females. Indeed, CUS reduced phospho-FAK and increased CNTF in the female MeA. Progesterone treatment after ovariectomy activated amygdala FAK and alleviated ovariectomy-induced passive coping in wildtype, but not astrocytic FAK knockout females. This suggests that progesterone-mediated activation of FAK in astrocytes reduces female stress responses. Finally, astrocytic FAK knockout or FAK inhibitor treatment increased CNTF expression in the MeA of both sexes, although not in the hippocampus. As mentioned, MeA CNTF promotes stress responses only in females, which may explain the female-specific role of astrocytic FAK inhibition. Together, this study reveals a novel female-specific progesterone-astrocytic FAK pathway that counteracts CNTF-mediated stress responses and points to opportunities for developing treatments for stress-related disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - W. Drew Gill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
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Ambrocio KR, Ramsey R, O’Rourke A, Beall J, (Focht) Garand KL. Normal Variations in Upper Esophageal Sphincter Function During Deglutition: A Secondary Analysis of Videofluoroscopic Data. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2306-2315. [PMID: 37962100 PMCID: PMC11006589 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cricopharyngeal dysfunction is a common potential cause of pharyngoesophageal dysphagia. Contextual factors (i.e., personal demographics and bolus properties) appear to impact upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function but have yet to be assessed collectively in a large-scale study using psychometrically sound swallow task procedures. Using a standardized and validated videofluoroscopic approach, we investigated the collective effects of age, sex, and swallow task on UES opening duration (UESOdur) and UES maximum distension (UESmax) in a large sample of healthy adults. METHODS UESOdur and UESmax data were analyzed from existing videofluoroscopic images of 195 healthy adults (21-89 years old) across seven swallow tasks (thin liquid to viscous liquids, puree, and a solid). Generalized estimating equation modeling captured the effects of the aforementioned contextual factors (α = 0.05). RESULTS UESOdur significantly increased with age, while UESmax had an inverse relationship. Females had significantly wider UESmax. UESOdur of 5 mL thin liquid was significantly shorter than all other liquid swallow tasks, while solid had an inverse effect. Compared to 5 mL thin liquid, all other swallow tasks resulted in significantly wider UESmax. Mildly and moderately thick liquid significantly increased UESOdur when isolating viscosity. UESmax was significantly wider with mildly and moderately thick liquid and puree than thin liquid. When isolating volume, cup sip thin liquid increased both measures significantly relative to 5 mL. CONCLUSION Age, sex, and swallow task can influence the normal timing and extent of UES movement. These collective effects contribute to normal variability in UES function and should be considered for clinical decision-making. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 134:2306-2315, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Renz Ambrocio
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Reagan Ramsey
- Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Ashli O’Rourke
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jonathan Beall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Moberly AC, Pisoni DB, Tamati TN. Audiovisual Processing Skills Before Cochlear Implantation Predict Postoperative Speech Recognition in Adults. Ear Hear 2024; 45:617-625. [PMID: 38143302 PMCID: PMC11025067 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adults with hearing loss (HL) demonstrate greater benefits of adding visual cues to auditory cues (i.e., "visual enhancement" [VE]) during recognition of speech presented in a combined audiovisual (AV) fashion when compared with normal-hearing peers. For patients with moderate-to-profound sensorineural HL who receive cochlear implants (CIs), it is unclear whether the restoration of audibility results in a decrease in the VE provided by visual cues during AV speech recognition. Moreover, it is unclear whether increased VE during the experience of HL before CI is beneficial or maladaptive to ultimate speech recognition abilities after implantation. It is conceivable that greater VE before implantation contributes to the enormous variability in speech recognition outcomes demonstrated among patients with CIs. This study took a longitudinal approach to test two hypotheses: (H1) Adult listeners with HL who receive CIs would demonstrate a decrease in VE after implantation; and (H2) The magnitude of pre-CI VE would predict post-CI auditory-only speech recognition abilities 6 months after implantation, with the direction of that relation supporting a beneficial, redundant, or maladaptive effect on outcomes. DESIGN Data were collected from 30 adults at two time points: immediately before CI surgery and 6 months after device activation. Pre-CI speech recognition performance was measured in auditory-only (A-only), visual-only, and combined AV fashion for City University of New York (CUNY) sentences. Scores of VE during AV sentence recognition were computed. At 6 months after CI activation, participants were again tested on CUNY sentence recognition in the same conditions as pre-CI. H1 was tested by comparing post- versus pre-CI VE scores. At 6 months of CI use, additional open-set speech recognition measures were also obtained in the A-only condition, including isolated words, words in meaningful AzBio sentences, and words in AzBio sentences in multitalker babble. To test H2, correlation analyses were performed to assess the relation between post-CI A-only speech recognition scores and pre-CI VE scores. RESULTS Inconsistent with H1, after CI, participants did not demonstrate a significant decrease in VE scores. Consistent with H2, preoperative VE scores positively predicted postoperative scores of A-only sentence recognition for both sentences in quiet and in babble (rho = 0.40 to 0.45, p < 0.05), supporting a beneficial effect of pre-CI VE on post-CI auditory outcomes. Pre-CI VE was not significantly related to post-CI isolated word recognition. The raw pre-CI CUNY AV scores also predicted post-CI A-only speech recognition scores to a similar degree as VE scores. CONCLUSIONS After implantation, CI users do not demonstrate a decrease in VE from before surgery. The degree of VE during AV speech recognition before CI positively predicts A-only sentence recognition outcomes after implantation, suggesting the potential value of AV testing of CI patients preoperatively to help predict and set expectations for postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David B. Pisoni
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Terrin N. Tamati
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Oren L, Maddox A, Farbos de Luzan C, Xie C, Howell R, Dion G, Gutmark E, Khosla S. Acoustics and aerodynamic effects following glottal and infraglottal medialization in an excised larynx model. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:2523-2529. [PMID: 38421393 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of the implant's vertical location during Type 1 Thyroplasty (T1T) on acoustics and glottal aerodynamics using excised canine larynx model, providing insights into the optimal technique for treating unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). METHODS Measurements were conducted in six excised canine larynges using Silastic implants. Two implant locations, glottal and infraglottal, were tested for each larynx at low and high subglottal pressure levels. Acoustic and intraglottal flow velocity field measurements were taken to assess vocal efficiency (VE), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and the development of intraglottal vortices. RESULTS The results indicated that the implant's vertical location significantly influenced vocal efficiency (p = 0.045), with the infraglottal implant generally yielding higher VE values. The effect on CPP was not statistically significant (p = 0.234). Intraglottal velocity field measurements demonstrated larger glottal divergence angles and stronger vortices with the infraglottal implant. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that medializing the paralyzed fold at the infraglottal level rather than the glottal level can lead to improved vocal efficiency. The observed larger divergence angles and stronger intraglottal vortices with infraglottal medialization may enhance voice outcomes in UVFP patients. These findings have important implications for optimizing T1T procedures and improving voice quality in individuals with UVFP. Further research is warranted to validate these results in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Oren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Alexandra Maddox
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles Farbos de Luzan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Howell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Dion
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ephraim Gutmark
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sid Khosla
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Marks KL, Dahl KL, Stepp CE. The Impact of Foreign Language Accent on Expert Listeners' Auditory-Perceptual Evaluations of Dysphonia. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2272-2276. [PMID: 37942827 PMCID: PMC11006577 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Auditory-perceptual evaluations of dysphonia, though essential for comprehensive voice evaluation, are subject to listener bias. Knowledge of an underlying voice disorder can influence auditory-perceptual ratings. Accented speech results in increased listener effort and delays in word identification. Yet, little is known about the impact of foreign language accents on auditory-perceptual ratings for dysphonic speakers. The purpose of this work was to determine the impact of a foreign language accent on experts' auditory-perceptual ratings of dysphonic speakers. METHODS Twelve voice-specializing SLPs who spoke with a General American English (GAE) accent rated vocal percepts of 28 speakers with a foreign language accent and 28 with a GAE accent, all of whom had been diagnosed with a voice disorder. Speaker groups were matched based on sex, age, and mean smoothed cepstral peak prominence. Four linear mixed-effects models assessed the impact of a foreign language accent on expert auditory-perceptual ratings of the overall severity of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, and strain. RESULTS The twelve raters demonstrated good inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC[3, k] = .89; mean ICC = .89). The linear mixed-effects models revealed no significant impact of foreign language accent on ratings of overall severity of dysphonia, roughness, breathiness, or strain. CONCLUSION Despite the possibility of increased listener effort and bias, foreign language accent incongruence had no effect on expert listeners' auditory-perceptual evaluations for dysphonic speakers. Findings support the use of auditory-perceptual evaluations for voice disorders across sociolinguistically diverse populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:2272-2276, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Marks
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly L Dahl
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cara E Stepp
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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King RE, Rademacher J, Ward-Shaw ET, Hu R, Bilger A, Blaine-Sauer S, Spurgeon ME, Thibeault SL, Lambert PF. The Larynx is Protected from Secondary and Vertical Papillomavirus Infection in Immunocompetent Mice. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2322-2330. [PMID: 38084790 PMCID: PMC11006576 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1 causes both primary and secondary infections of the larynx in immunocompromised mice. Understanding lateral and vertical transmission of papillomavirus to the larynx would benefit patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). To test the hypothesis that the larynx is uniquely vulnerable to papillomavirus infection, and to further develop a mouse model of RRP, we assessed whether immunocompetent mice were vulnerable to secondary or vertical laryngeal infection with MmuPV1. METHODS Larynges were collected from 405 immunocompetent adult mice that were infected with MmuPV1 in the oropharynx, oral cavity, or anus, and 31 mouse pups born to immunocompetent females infected in the cervicovaginal tract. Larynges were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of lavage fluid or whole tissues for viral DNA, histopathology, and/or in situ hybridization for MmuPV1 transcripts. RESULTS Despite some positive laryngeal lavage PCR screens, all laryngeal tissue PCR and histopathology results were negative for MmuPV1 DNA, transcripts, and disease. There was no evidence for lateral spread of MmuPV1 to the larynges of immunocompetent mice that were infected in the oral cavity, oropharynx, or anus. Pups born to infected mothers were negative for laryngeal MmuPV1 infection from birth through weaning age. CONCLUSION Secondary and vertical laryngeal MmuPV1 infections were not found in immunocompetent mice. Further work is necessary to explore immunologic control of laryngeal papillomavirus infection in a mouse model and to improve preclinical models of RRP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:2322-2330, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E. King
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Josef Rademacher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ella T. Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Andrea Bilger
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Simon Blaine-Sauer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Megan E. Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Beswick DM, Liu CM, Overdevest JB, Zemke A, Khatiwada A, Gudis DA, Miller JE, Kimple A, Tervo JP, DiMango E, Goralski JL, Keating C, Senior B, Stapleton AL, Eshaghian PH, Mace JC, Markarian K, Alt JA, Bodner TE, Chowdhury NI, Getz AE, Hwang PH, Khanwalker A, Lee JT, Li DA, Norris M, Nayak JV, Owens C, Patel ZM, Poch K, Schlosser RJ, Smith KA, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Suh JD, Turner GA, Wang MB, Saavedra MT, Taylor Cousar JL. Predictors of Sinonasal Improvement After Highly Effective Modulator Therapy in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38634358 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 22-question SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) assesses chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) severity. We aimed to identify predictors of SNOT-22 score improvement following highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) initiation and to corroborate the SNOT-22 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS Prospective observational data was pooled from four studies across 10 US centers investigating people with CF (PwCF) and CRS. Three studies evaluated HEMT's impact on CRS. For participants enrolled prior to HEMT initiation, SNOT-22 scores were obtained at baseline and after 3-6 months of HEMT. Multivariate regression identified predictors of improvement. Cronbach's alpha and four distribution-based methods were used to assess internal consistency and calculate the MCID of the SNOT-22. RESULTS A total of 184 PwCF participated with mean baseline SNOT-22 scores ranging from 18.1 to 56.7. Cronbach's alpha was ≥0.90 across sites. Participants at sites with pre- and post-HEMT data reported improvement in SNOT-22 scores after initiating HEMT (all p < 0.05). Worse baseline SNOT-22 score (odds ratio (OR): 1.05, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08), F508del homozygosity (OR: 4.30, p = 0.040, 95% CI: 1.14-18.99), and absence of prior modulator therapy (OR: 4.99, p = 0.017, 95% CI: 1.39-20.11) were associated with greater SNOT-22 improvement. The mean MCID calculated via distribution-based methods was 8.5. CONCLUSION Worse baseline sinonasal symptoms, F508del homozygosity, and absence of prior modulator therapy predicted greater improvement after HEMT initiation. The mean MCID for SNOT-22 in PwCF is 8.5 points, similar to non-CF individuals with CRS, and provides a threshold specifically for PwCF. The SNOT-22 has strong internal consistency in PwCF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beswick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Christine M Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan B Overdevest
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Anna Zemke
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Aastha Khatiwada
- Department of Biostatistics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - David A Gudis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Jessa E Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Adam Kimple
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy P Tervo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Emily DiMango
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer L Goralski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Claire Keating
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Brent Senior
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Amanda L Stapleton
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Patricia H Eshaghian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Jess C Mace
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Karolin Markarian
- CTSI, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Todd E Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Naweed I Chowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt Health, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Anne E Getz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Peter H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Ashoke Khanwalker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Jivianne T Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Douglas A Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Meghan Norris
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Cameran Owens
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Zara M Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Katie Poch
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Grant A Turner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A
| | - Marilene B Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
| | - Milene T Saavedra
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer L Taylor Cousar
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A
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11
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Ali YH, Bodkin K, Rigotti-Thompson M, Patel K, Card NS, Bhaduri B, Nason-Tomaszewski SR, Mifsud DM, Hou X, Nicolas C, Allcroft S, Hochberg LR, Au Yong N, Stavisky SD, Miller LE, Brandman DM, Pandarinath C. BRAND: a platform for closed-loop experiments with deep network models. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026046. [PMID: 38579696 PMCID: PMC11021878 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3b3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are state-of-the-art tools for modeling and decoding neural activity, but deploying them in closed-loop experiments with tight timing constraints is challenging due to their limited support in existing real-time frameworks. Researchers need a platform that fully supports high-level languages for running ANNs (e.g. Python and Julia) while maintaining support for languages that are critical for low-latency data acquisition and processing (e.g. C and C++).Approach.To address these needs, we introduce the Backend for Realtime Asynchronous Neural Decoding (BRAND). BRAND comprises Linux processes, termednodes, which communicate with each other in agraphvia streams of data. Its asynchronous design allows for acquisition, control, and analysis to be executed in parallel on streams of data that may operate at different timescales. BRAND uses Redis, an in-memory database, to send data between nodes, which enables fast inter-process communication and supports 54 different programming languages. Thus, developers can easily deploy existing ANN models in BRAND with minimal implementation changes.Main results.In our tests, BRAND achieved <600 microsecond latency between processes when sending large quantities of data (1024 channels of 30 kHz neural data in 1 ms chunks). BRAND runs a brain-computer interface with a recurrent neural network (RNN) decoder with less than 8 ms of latency from neural data input to decoder prediction. In a real-world demonstration of the system, participant T11 in the BrainGate2 clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00912041) performed a standard cursor control task, in which 30 kHz signal processing, RNN decoding, task control, and graphics were all executed in BRAND. This system also supports real-time inference with complex latent variable models like Latent Factor Analysis via Dynamical Systems.Significance.By providing a framework that is fast, modular, and language-agnostic, BRAND lowers the barriers to integrating the latest tools in neuroscience and machine learning into closed-loop experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia H Ali
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bodkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mattia Rigotti-Thompson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kushant Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S Card
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Bareesh Bhaduri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Samuel R Nason-Tomaszewski
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Domenick M Mifsud
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Xianda Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Nicolas
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shane Allcroft
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Au Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sergey D Stavisky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Lee E Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David M Brandman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Chethan Pandarinath
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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12
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Zak JD, Reddy G, Konanur V, Murthy VN. Distinct information conveyed to the olfactory bulb by feedforward input from the nose and feedback from the cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3268. [PMID: 38627390 PMCID: PMC11021479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems are organized hierarchically, but feedback projections frequently disrupt this order. In the olfactory bulb (OB), cortical feedback projections numerically match sensory inputs. To unravel information carried by these two streams, we imaged the activity of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and cortical axons in the mouse OB using calcium indicators, multiphoton microscopy, and diverse olfactory stimuli. Here, we show that odorant mixtures of increasing complexity evoke progressively denser OSN activity, yet cortical feedback activity is of similar sparsity for all stimuli. Also, representations of complex mixtures are similar in OSNs but are decorrelated in cortical axons. While OSN responses to increasing odorant concentrations exhibit a sigmoidal relationship, cortical axonal responses are complex and nonmonotonic, which can be explained by a model with activity-dependent feedback inhibition in the cortex. Our study indicates that early-stage olfactory circuits have access to local feedforward signals and global, efficiently formatted information about odor scenes through cortical feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Zak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Gautam Reddy
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories, NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Vaibhav Konanur
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Venkatesh N Murthy
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, Allston, 02134, USA
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13
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Waring NA, Chern A, Vilarello BJ, Cheng YS, Zhou C, Lang JH, Olson ES, Nakajima HH. Hampshire Sheep as a Large-Animal Model for Cochlear Implantation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s10162-024-00946-1. [PMID: 38622382 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheep have been proposed as a large-animal model for studying cochlear implantation. However, prior sheep studies report that the facial nerve (FN) obscures the round window membrane (RWM), requiring FN sacrifice or a retrofacial opening to access the middle-ear cavity posterior to the FN for cochlear implantation. We investigated surgical access to the RWM in Hampshire sheep compared to Suffolk-Dorset sheep and the feasibility of Hampshire sheep for cochlear implantation via a facial recess approach. METHODS Sixteen temporal bones from cadaveric sheep heads (ten Hampshire and six Suffolk-Dorset) were dissected to gain surgical access to the RWM via an extended facial recess approach. RWM visibility was graded using St. Thomas' Hospital (STH) classification. Cochlear implant (CI) electrode array insertion was performed in two Hampshire specimens. Micro-CT scans were obtained for each temporal bone, with confirmation of appropriate electrode array placement and segmentation of the inner ear structures. RESULTS Visibility of the RWM on average was 83% in Hampshire specimens and 59% in Suffolk-Dorset specimens (p = 0.0262). Hampshire RWM visibility was Type I (100% visibility) for three specimens and Type IIa (> 50% visibility) for seven specimens. Suffolk-Dorset RWM visibility was Type IIa for four specimens and Type IIb (< 50% visibility) for two specimens. FN appeared to course more anterolaterally in Suffolk-Dorset specimens. Micro-CT confirmed appropriate CI electrode array placement in the scala tympani without apparent basilar membrane rupture. CONCLUSIONS Hampshire sheep appear to be a suitable large-animal model for CI electrode insertion via an extended facial recess approach without sacrificing the FN. In this small sample, Hampshire specimens had improved RWM visibility compared to Suffolk-Dorset. Thus, Hampshire sheep may be superior to other breeds for ease of cochlear implantation, with FN and facial recess anatomy more similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Waring
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Chern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon J Vilarello
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yew Song Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chaoqun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Lang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Olson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Talkar T, Johnson KT, Narain J, Maes P, Picard R, Quatieri TF. Brief Report: Quantifying Speech Production Coordination from Non- and Minimally-Speaking Individuals. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06206-0. [PMID: 38613592 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-verbal utterances are an important tool of communication for individuals who are non- or minimally-speaking. While these utterances are typically understood by caregivers, they can be challenging to interpret by their larger community. To date, there has been little work done to detect and characterize the vocalizations produced by non- or minimally-speaking individuals. This paper aims to characterize five categories of utterances across a set of 7 non- or minimally-speaking individuals. METHODS The characterization is accomplished using a correlation structure methodology, acting as a proxy measurement for motor coordination, to localize similarities and differences to specific speech production systems. RESULTS We specifically find that frustrated and dysregulated utterances show similar correlation structure outputs, especially when compared to self-talk, request, and delighted utterances. We additionally witness higher complexity of coordination between articulatory and respiratory subsystems and lower complexity of coordination between laryngeal and respiratory subsystems in frustration and dysregulation as compared to self-talk, request, and delight. Finally, we observe lower complexity of coordination across all three speech subsystems in the request utterances as compared to self-talk and delight. CONCLUSION The insights from this work aid in understanding of the modifications made by non- or minimally-speaking individuals to accomplish specific goals in non-verbal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Talkar
- Human Health and Performance Systems, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kristina T Johnson
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Jaya Narain
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pattie Maes
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind Picard
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Quatieri
- Human Health and Performance Systems, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Mukerji CE, Wilson JS, Wilkinson CL, Krol MA, Nelson CA, Tager-Flusberg H. Resting Frontal Gamma Power is Associated with Both Expressive Language and Non-verbal Cognitive Abilities in Young Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06308-3. [PMID: 38607475 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Previous research links resting frontal gamma power to key developmental outcomes in young neurotypical (NT) children and infants at risk for language impairment. However, it remains unclear whether gamma power is specifically associated with language or with more general cognitive abilities among young children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study evaluates differences in resting frontal gamma power between young autistic and NT children and tests whether gamma power is uniquely associated with individual differences in expressive language, receptive language and non-verbal cognitive abilities in autistic and NT children. Participants included 48 autistic children and 58 age- and sex-matched NT children (ages 22-60 months). Baseline electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were acquired from each participant. Children also completed the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). We found that frontal gamma power at rest did not differ between autistic and NT children. Among autistic children, reduced frontal gamma power was significantly associated with both higher expressive language skills and higher non-verbal cognitive skills, controlling for age and sex. The interaction between frontal gamma power and diagnostic status no longer explained unique variance in expressive language skills after controlling for variance associated with non-verbal cognitive skills across autistic and NT children. Together, these findings suggest that reduced gamma power is associated with both better expressive language and non-verbal cognitive skills among young autistic children. Moreover, associations between high frequency neural activity and cognition are not specific to verbal abilities but reflect neural mechanisms associated with general higher-order cognitive abilities in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora E Mukerji
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - John S Wilson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Carol L Wilkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School & Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manon A Krol
- Donders Institute, Radboudumc, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School & Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Tager-Flusberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Hernandez M, Ronderos J, Castilla-Earls AP. Diagnostic Accuracy of Grammaticality and Utterance Length in Bilingual Children. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2024; 55:577-597. [PMID: 38319654 PMCID: PMC11021047 DOI: 10.1044/2024_lshss-23-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of two measures derived from spontaneous language samples, mean length of utterance in words (MLUw) and percentage of grammatical utterances (PGU), in identifying developmental language disorder (DLD) in Spanish-English bilingual children. We examined two approaches: best language and total language. METHOD The participants in this study included 74 Spanish-English bilingual children with (n = 36) and without (n = 38) DLD. Language samples were elicited through a story retell and story generation task using Frog wordless picture books in English and Spanish. Stories were transcribed and coded using the Systematic Analysis of Language Samples (Miller & Iglesias, 2020) to extract MLUw and PGU in both languages. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses suggested that a model that included PGU, MLUw, and age achieved the best diagnostic accuracy in predicting group membership. Both approaches, best language and total language, had fair diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS In combination, PGU and MLUw seem to be useful diagnostic tools to differentiate bilingual children with and without DLD. Clinical implications and usability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hernandez
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX
| | - Juliana Ronderos
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
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17
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Tsunada J, Wang X, Eliades SJ. Multiple processes of vocal sensory-motor interaction in primate auditory cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3093. [PMID: 38600118 PMCID: PMC11006904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory-motor interactions in the auditory system play an important role in vocal self-monitoring and control. These result from top-down corollary discharges, relaying predictions about vocal timing and acoustics. Recent evidence suggests such signals may be two distinct processes, one suppressing neural activity during vocalization and another enhancing sensitivity to sensory feedback, rather than a single mechanism. Single-neuron recordings have been unable to disambiguate due to overlap of motor signals with sensory inputs. Here, we sought to disentangle these processes in marmoset auditory cortex during production of multi-phrased 'twitter' vocalizations. Temporal responses revealed two timescales of vocal suppression: temporally-precise phasic suppression during phrases and sustained tonic suppression. Both components were present within individual neurons, however, phasic suppression presented broadly regardless of frequency tuning (gating), while tonic was selective for vocal frequencies and feedback (prediction). This suggests that auditory cortex is modulated by concurrent corollary discharges during vocalization, with different computational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tsunada
- Auditory and Communication Systems Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Eliades
- Auditory and Communication Systems Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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18
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O’Connell-Rodwell CE, Berezin JL, Dharmarajan A, Ravicz ME, Hu Y, Guan X, O’Connor KN, Puria S. The impact of size on middle-ear sound transmission in elephants, the largest terrestrial mammal. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298535. [PMID: 38598472 PMCID: PMC11006165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Elephants have a unique auditory system that is larger than any other terrestrial mammal. To quantify the impact of larger middle ear (ME) structures, we measured 3D ossicular motion and ME sound transmission in cadaveric temporal bones from both African and Asian elephants in response to air-conducted (AC) tonal pressure stimuli presented in the ear canal (PEC). Results were compared to similar measurements in humans. Velocities of the umbo (VU) and stapes (VST) were measured using a 3D laser Doppler vibrometer in the 7-13,000 Hz frequency range, stapes velocity serving as a measure of energy entering the cochlea-a proxy for hearing sensitivity. Below the elephant ME resonance frequency of about 300 Hz, the magnitude of VU/PEC was an order of magnitude greater than in human, and the magnitude of VST/PEC was 5x greater. Phase of VST/PEC above ME resonance indicated that the group delay in elephant was approximately double that of human, which may be related to the unexpectedly high magnitudes at high frequencies. A boost in sound transmission across the incus long process and stapes near 9 kHz was also observed. We discuss factors that contribute to differences in sound transmission between these two large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. O’Connell-Rodwell
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jodie L. Berezin
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anbuselvan Dharmarajan
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Ravicz
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yihan Hu
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiying Guan
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin N. O’Connor
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sunil Puria
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Speech and Hearing and Biosciences and Technologies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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19
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Thiel A, Speranza MJ, Jadhav S, Stevens LL, Unruh DK, Ren P, Ponder JW, Shen J, Schnieders MJ. Constant-pH Simulations with the Polarizable Atomic Multipole AMOEBA Force Field. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2921-2933. [PMID: 38507252 PMCID: PMC11008096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Accurately predicting protein behavior across diverse pH environments remains a significant challenge in biomolecular simulations. Existing constant-pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) algorithms are limited to fixed-charge force fields, hindering their application to biomolecular systems described by permanent atomic multipoles or induced dipoles. This work overcomes these limitations by introducing the first polarizable CpHMD algorithm in the context of the Atomic Multipole Optimized Energetics for Biomolecular Applications (AMOEBA) force field. Additionally, our implementation in the open-source Force Field X (FFX) software has the unique ability to handle titration state changes for crystalline systems including flexible support for all 230 space groups. The evaluation of constant-pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) with the AMOEBA force field was performed on 11 crystalline peptide systems that span the titrating amino acids (Asp, Glu, His, Lys, and Cys). Titration states were correctly predicted for 15 out of the 16 amino acids present in the 11 systems, including for the coordination of Zn2+ by cysteines. The lone exception was for a HIS-ALA peptide where CpHMD predicted both neutral histidine tautomers to be equally populated, whereas the experimental model did not consider multiple conformers and diffraction data are unavailable for rerefinement. This work demonstrates the promise polarizable CpHMD simulations for pKa predictions, the study of biochemical mechanisms such as the catalytic triad of proteases, and for improved protein-ligand binding affinity accuracy in the context of pharmaceutical lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
C. Thiel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Matthew J. Speranza
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sanika Jadhav
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Lewis L. Stevens
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Office
of the Vice President for Research, University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United
States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jay W. Ponder
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Jana Shen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Michael J. Schnieders
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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20
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Grigos MI, Case J, Lu Y, Lyu Z. Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing in Young Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Multiple Single-Case Design. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2024; 67:1042-1071. [PMID: 38512002 PMCID: PMC11005957 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a multivariate motor speech disorder that requires a motor-based intervention approach. There is limited treatment research on young children with CAS, reflecting a critical gap in the literature given that features of CAS are often in full expression early in development. Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC) is a treatment approach designed for children with severe CAS, yet the use of DTTC with children younger than 3 years of age has not been examined. METHOD A multiple single-case design was employed to examine the use of DTTC in seven children with CAS (aged 2.5-5 years) over the course of 6 weeks of intervention. Changes in word accuracy were measured in treated words from baseline to posttreatment and from baseline to maintenance (6 weeks posttreatment). Generalization of word accuracy changes to matched untreated words was also examined. A linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the change in word accuracy for treated and untreated words across all children from baseline to posttreatment and to maintenance. A quasi-Poisson regression model was used to estimate mean change and calculate effect sizes for treated and untreated words. RESULTS Group-level analyses revealed significant changes in word accuracy for treated and untreated words at posttreatment and maintenance. At the child level, six of seven children displayed medium-to-large effect sizes where word accuracy increased in an average of 3.4/5 words across all children. Each child displayed some degree of generalization to untreated targets, specifically for words with the same syllable shape as the treated words. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that DTTC can yield positive change in some young children with CAS. Key differences in each child's performance are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Grigos
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, NY
| | - Julie Case
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University, NY
| | - Zhuojun Lyu
- Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University, NY
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21
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Hendrickson K, Bay K, Combiths P, Foody M, Walker E. Speech Sound Categories Affect Lexical Competition: Implications for Analytic Auditory Training. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2024; 67:1281-1289. [PMID: 38517230 PMCID: PMC11005953 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide a novel application of psycholinguistic theories and methods to the field of auditory training to provide preliminary data regarding which minimal pair contrasts are more difficult for listeners with typical hearing to distinguish in real-time. DESIGN Using eye-tracking, participants heard a word and selected the corresponding image from a display of four: the target word, two unrelated words, and a word from one of four contrast categories (i.e., voiced-initial [e.g., peach-beach], voiced-final [e.g., back-bag], manner-initial [e.g., talk-sock], and manner-final [e.g., bat-bass]). RESULTS Fixations were monitored to measure how strongly words compete for recognition depending on the contrast type (voicing, manner) and location (word-initial or final). Manner contrasts competed more for recognition than did voicing contrasts, and contrasts that occurred in word-final position were harder to distinguish than word-initial position. CONCLUSION These results are an important initial step toward creating an evidence-based hierarchy for auditory training for individuals who use cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Hendrickson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorder, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Katlyn Bay
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorder, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Philip Combiths
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorder, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Meaghan Foody
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorder, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Elizabeth Walker
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorder, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
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22
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Kim Y, Thompson A, Nip ISB. Effects of Deep-Brain Stimulation on Speech: Perceptual and Acoustic Data. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2024; 67:1090-1106. [PMID: 38498664 PMCID: PMC11005955 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined speech changes induced by deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) using a set of auditory-perceptual and acoustic measures. METHOD Speech recordings from nine speakers with PD and DBS were compared between DBS-On and DBS-Off conditions using auditory-perceptual and acoustic analyses. Auditory-perceptual ratings included voice quality, articulation precision, prosody, speech intelligibility, and listening effort obtained from 44 listeners. Acoustic measures were made for voicing proportion, second formant frequency slope, vowel dispersion, articulation rate, and range of fundamental frequency and intensity. RESULTS No significant changes were found between DBS-On and DBS-Off for the five perceptual ratings. Four of six acoustic measures revealed significant differences between the two conditions. While articulation rate and acoustic vowel dispersion increased, voicing proportion and intensity range decreased from the DBS-Off to DBS-On condition. However, a visual examination of the data indicated that the statistical significance was mostly driven by a small number of participants, while the majority did not show a consistent pattern of such changes. CONCLUSIONS Our data, in general, indicate no-to-minimal changes in speech production ensued from DBS stimulation. The findings are discussed with a focus on large interspeaker variability in PD in terms of their speech characteristics and the potential effects of DBS on speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Kim
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Austin Thompson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX
| | - Ignatius S. B. Nip
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, CA
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23
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Garcia-Guaqueta DP, Botha H, Utianski RL, Duffy JR, Clark HM, Goodrich AW, Pham NTT, Machulda MM, Baker M, Rademakers R, Whitwell JL, Josephs KA. Progression to corticobasal syndrome: a longitudinal study of patients with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia and primary progressive apraxia of speech. J Neurol 2024:10.1007/s00415-024-12344-x. [PMID: 38583104 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) can be precursors to corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Details on their progression remain unclear. We aimed to examine the clinical and neuroimaging evolution of nfvPPA and PPAOS into CBS. METHODS We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study in 140 nfvPPA or PPAOS patients and applied the consensus criteria for possible and probable CBS for every visit, evaluating limb rigidity, akinesia, limb dystonia, myoclonus, ideomotor apraxia, alien limb phenomenon, and nonverbal oral apraxia (NVOA). Given the association of NVOA with AOS, we also modified the CBS criteria by excluding NVOA and assigned every patient to either a progressors or non-progressors group. We evaluated the frequency of every CBS feature by year from disease onset, and assessed gray and white matter volume loss using SPM12. RESULTS Asymmetric akinesia, NVOA, and limb apraxia were the most common CBS features that developed; while limb dystonia, myoclonus, and alien limb were rare. Eighty-two patients progressed to possible CBS; only four to probable CBS. nfvPPA and PPAOS had a similar proportion of progressors, although nfvPPA progressed to CBS earlier (p-value = 0.046), driven by an early appearance of limb apraxia (p-value = 0.0041). The non-progressors and progressors both showed premotor/motor cortex involvement at baseline, with spread into prefrontal cortex over time. DISCUSSION An important proportion of patients with nfvPPA and PPAOS progress to possible CBS, while they rarely develop features of probable CBS even after long follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna P Garcia-Guaqueta
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rene L Utianski
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joseph R Duffy
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Heather M Clark
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Austin W Goodrich
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matt Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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24
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Ismail Mohamad N, Santra P, Park Y, Matthews IR, Taketa E, Chan DK. Synaptic ribbon dynamics after noise exposure in the hearing cochlea. Commun Biol 2024; 7:421. [PMID: 38582813 PMCID: PMC10998851 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Moderate noise exposure induces cochlear synaptopathy, the loss of afferent ribbon synapses between cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, which is associated with functional hearing decline. Prior studies have demonstrated noise-induced changes in the distribution and number of synaptic components, but the dynamic changes that occur after noise exposure have not been directly visualized. Here, we describe a live imaging model using RIBEYE-tagRFP to enable direct observation of pre-synaptic ribbons in mature hearing mouse cochleae after synaptopathic noise exposure. Ribbon number does not change, but noise induces an increase in ribbon volume as well as movement suggesting unanchoring from synaptic tethers. A subgroup of basal ribbons displays concerted motion towards the cochlear nucleus with subsequent migration back to the cell membrane after noise cessation. Understanding the immediate dynamics of synaptic damage after noise exposure may facilitate identification of specific target pathways to treat cochlear synaptopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Ismail Mohamad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peu Santra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yesai Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian R Matthews
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Taketa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan K Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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25
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Liu Y, Tian J, Martin-Gomez A, Arshad Q, Armand M, Kheradmand A. Autokinesis Reveals a Threshold for Perception of Visual Motion. Neuroscience 2024; 543:101-107. [PMID: 38432549 PMCID: PMC10965040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In natural viewing conditions, the brain can optimally integrate retinal and extraretinal signals to maintain a stable visual perception. These mechanisms, however, may fail in circumstances where extraction of a motion signal is less viable such as impoverished visual scenes. This can result in a phenomenon known as autokinesis in which one may experience apparent motion of a small visual stimulus in an otherwise completely dark environment. In this study, we examined the effect of autokinesis on visual perception of motion in human observers. We used a novel method with optical tracking in which the visual motion was reported manually by the observer. Experiment results show at lower speeds of motion, the perceived direction of motion was more aligned with the effect of autokinesis, whereas in the light or at higher speeds in the dark, it was more aligned with the actual direction of motion. These findings have important implications for understanding how the stability of visual representation in the brain can affect accurate perception of motion signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alejandro Martin-Gomez
- Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Qadeer Arshad
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mehran Armand
- Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Amir Kheradmand
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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26
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Shakhawat AM, Foltz JG, Nance AB, Bhateja J, Raymond JL. Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. bioRxiv 2024:2023.10.05.561013. [PMID: 37873217 PMCID: PMC10592955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.561013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2Db (MH-CI KbDb-/-), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb-/-mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Md Shakhawat
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
| | - Jacqueline G Foltz
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
| | | | - Jaydev Bhateja
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
| | - Jennifer L Raymond
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
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27
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Bidelman GM, Bernard F, Skubic K. Hearing in categories aids speech streaming at the "cocktail party". bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.03.587795. [PMID: 38617284 PMCID: PMC11014555 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Our perceptual system bins elements of the speech signal into categories to make speech perception manageable. Here, we aimed to test whether hearing speech in categories (as opposed to a continuous/gradient fashion) affords yet another benefit to speech recognition: parsing noisy speech at the "cocktail party." We measured speech recognition in a simulated 3D cocktail party environment. We manipulated task difficulty by varying the number of additional maskers presented at other spatial locations in the horizontal soundfield (1-4 talkers) and via forward vs. time-reversed maskers, promoting more and less informational masking (IM), respectively. In separate tasks, we measured isolated phoneme categorization using two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) and visual analog scaling (VAS) tasks designed to promote more/less categorical hearing and thus test putative links between categorization and real-world speech-in-noise skills. We first show that listeners can only monitor up to ~3 talkers despite up to 5 in the soundscape and streaming is not related to extended high-frequency hearing thresholds (though QuickSIN scores are). We then confirm speech streaming accuracy and speed decline with additional competing talkers and amidst forward compared to reverse maskers with added IM. Dividing listeners into "discrete" vs. "continuous" categorizers based on their VAS labeling (i.e., whether responses were binary or continuous judgments), we then show the degree of IM experienced at the cocktail party is predicted by their degree of categoricity in phoneme labeling; more discrete listeners are less susceptible to IM than their gradient responding peers. Our results establish a link between speech categorization skills and cocktail party processing, with a categorical (rather than gradient) listening strategy benefiting degraded speech perception. These findings imply figure-ground deficits common in many disorders might arise through a surprisingly simple mechanism: a failure to properly bin sounds into categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Bidelman
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Fallon Bernard
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis TN, USA
| | - Kimberly Skubic
- School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis TN, USA
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28
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Illán-Gala I, Lorca-Puls DL, Tee BL, Ezzes Z, de Leon J, Miller ZA, Rubio-Guerra S, Santos-Santos M, Gómez-Andrés D, Grinberg LT, Spina S, Kramer JH, Wauters LD, Henry ML, Boxer AL, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Mandelli ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. Clinical dimensions along the non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia spectrum. Brain 2024; 147:1511-1525. [PMID: 37988272 PMCID: PMC10994525 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is debated whether primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) and progressive agrammatic aphasia (PAA) belong to the same clinical spectrum, traditionally termed non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), or exist as two completely distinct syndromic entities with specific pathologic/prognostic correlates. We analysed speech, language and disease severity features in a comprehensive cohort of patients with progressive motor speech impairment and/or agrammatism to ascertain evidence of naturally occurring, clinically meaningful non-overlapping syndromic entities (e.g. PPAOS and PAA) in our data. We also assessed if data-driven latent clinical dimensions with aetiologic/prognostic value could be identified. We included 98 participants, 43 of whom had an autopsy-confirmed neuropathological diagnosis. Speech pathologists assessed motor speech features indicative of dysarthria and apraxia of speech (AOS). Quantitative expressive/receptive agrammatism measures were obtained and compared with healthy controls. Baseline and longitudinal disease severity was evaluated using the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). We investigated the data's clustering tendency and cluster stability to form robust symptom clusters and employed principal component analysis to extract data-driven latent clinical dimensions (LCD). The longitudinal CDR-SB change was estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Of the participants included in this study, 93 conformed to previously reported clinical profiles (75 with AOS and agrammatism, 12 PPAOS and six PAA). The remaining five participants were characterized by non-fluent speech, executive dysfunction and dysarthria without apraxia of speech or frank agrammatism. No baseline clinical features differentiated between frontotemporal lobar degeneration neuropathological subgroups. The Hopkins statistic demonstrated a low cluster tendency in the entire sample (0.45 with values near 0.5 indicating random data). Cluster stability analyses showed that only two robust subgroups (differing in agrammatism, executive dysfunction and overall disease severity) could be identified. Three data-driven components accounted for 71% of the variance [(i) severity-agrammatism; (ii) prominent AOS; and (iii) prominent dysarthria]. None of these data-driven LCDs allowed an accurate prediction of neuropathology. The severity-agrammatism component was an independent predictor of a faster CDR-SB increase in all the participants. Higher dysarthria severity, reduced words per minute and expressive and receptive agrammatism severity at baseline independently predicted accelerated disease progression. Our findings indicate that PPAOS and PAA, rather than exist as completely distinct syndromic entities, constitute a clinical continuum. In our cohort, splitting the nfvPPA spectrum into separate clinical phenotypes did not improve clinical-pathological correlations, stressing the need for new biological markers and consensus regarding updated terminology and clinical classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Sección de Neurología, Departamento de Especialidades, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070001, Chile
| | - Boon Lead Tee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zoe Ezzes
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica de Leon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sara Rubio-Guerra
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Santos-Santos
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa D Wauters
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-0114, USA
| | - Maya L Henry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-0114, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Wang S, Chakraborty S, Fu Y, Lee MP, Liu J, Waldhaus J. 3D reconstruction of the mouse cochlea from scRNA-seq data suggests morphogen-based principles in apex-to-base specification. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00196-5. [PMID: 38593801 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the mammalian auditory system, frequency discrimination depends on numerous morphological and physiological properties of the organ of Corti, which gradually change along the apex-to-base (tonotopic) axis of the organ. For example, the basilar membrane stiffness changes tonotopically, thus affecting the tuning properties of individual hair cells. At the molecular level, those frequency-specific characteristics are mirrored by gene expression gradients; however, the molecular mechanisms controlling tonotopic gene expression in the mouse cochlea remain elusive. Through analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from E12.5 and E14.5 time points, we predicted that morphogens, rather than a cell division-associated mechanism, confer spatial identity in the extending cochlea. Subsequently, we reconstructed the developing cochlea in 3D space from scRNA-seq data to investigate the molecular pathways mediating positional information. The retinoic acid (RA) and hedgehog pathways were found to form opposing apex-to-base gradients, and functional interrogation using mouse cochlear explants suggested that both pathways jointly specify the longitudinal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yujuan Fu
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary P Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Waldhaus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Geerts L, Brink LT, Odendaal HJ. Selecting a birth weight standard for an indigenous population in a LMIC: A prospective comparative study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38571441 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to compare birth weight (BW) distribution and proportion of BWs below or above specified percentiles in low-risk singleton pregnancies in healthy South African (SA) women of mixed ancestry with expected values according to four BW references and to determine the physiological factors affecting BW. METHODS This was an ancillary study of a prospective multinational cohort study, involving 7060 women recruited between August 2007 and January 2015 in two townships of Cape Town, characterized by low socioeconomic status, and high levels of drinking and smoking. Detailed information about maternal and pregnancy characteristics, including harmful exposures, was gathered prospectively, allowing us to select healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies without any known harmful exposures. In this cohort we compared the median BW and the proportion of BWs P90, 95 and 97 according to four reference standards (INTERGROWTH-21st, customized according to the method described by Mickolajczyk, Fetal Medicine Foundation and revised Fenton reference) with expected values. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were used, and sensitivity analysis was performed for infant sex, first trimester bookings and women of normal body mass index (BMI). Multiple regression was used to explore effects of confounders. Written consent and ethics approval was obtained. RESULTS The cohort included 739 infants. The INTERGROWTH-21st standard was closest for the actual BW-distribution and categories. Below-expected BW was associated with boys, younger, shorter, leaner women, lower parity and gravidity. Actual BW was significantly influenced by maternal weight, BMI, parity and gestational age. CONCLUSION Of the four references assessed in this study, the INTERGROWTH-21st standard was closest for the actual BW distribution. Maternal variables significantly influence BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lut Geerts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
| | - Lucy T Brink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
| | - Hein J Odendaal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
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Sang J, Dhakal S, Shrestha B, Nath DK, Kim Y, Ganguly A, Montell C, Lee Y. A single pair of pharyngeal neurons functions as a commander to reject high salt in Drosophila melanogaster. eLife 2024; 12:RP93464. [PMID: 38573740 PMCID: PMC10994663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt (NaCl), is an essential nutrient for survival, while excessive salt can be detrimental. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, internal taste organs in the pharynx are critical gatekeepers impacting the decision to accept or reject a food. Currently, our understanding of the mechanism through which pharyngeal gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) sense high salt are rudimentary. Here, we found that a member of the ionotropic receptor family, Ir60b, is expressed exclusively in a pair of GRNs activated by high salt. Using a two-way choice assay (DrosoX) to measure ingestion volume, we demonstrate that IR60b and two co-receptors IR25a and IR76b are required to prevent high salt consumption. Mutants lacking external taste organs but retaining the internal taste organs in the pharynx exhibit much higher salt avoidance than flies with all taste organs but missing the three IRs. Our findings highlight the vital role for IRs in a pharyngeal GRN to control ingestion of high salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Nath
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Vecchi JT, Rhomberg M, Guymon CA, Hansen MR. The geometry of photopolymerized topography influences neurite pathfinding by directing growth cone morphology and migration. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026027. [PMID: 38547528 PMCID: PMC10993768 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad38dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Cochlear implants provide auditory perception to those with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss: however, the quality of sound perceived by users does not approximate natural hearing. This limitation is due in part to the large physical gap between the stimulating electrodes and their target neurons. Therefore, directing the controlled outgrowth of processes from spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) into close proximity to the electrode array could provide significantly increased hearing function.Approach.For this objective to be properly designed and implemented, the ability and limits of SGN neurites to be guided must first be determined. In this work, we engineer precise topographical microfeatures with angle turn challenges of various geometries to study SGN pathfinding and use live imaging to better understand how neurite growth is guided by these cues.Main Results.We find that the geometry of the angled microfeatures determines the ability of neurites to navigate the angled microfeature turns. SGN neurite pathfinding fidelity is increased by 20%-70% through minor increases in microfeature amplitude (depth) and by 25% if the angle of the patterned turn is made obtuse. Further, we see that dorsal root ganglion neuron growth cones change their morphology and migration to become more elongated within microfeatures. Our observations also indicate complexities in studying neurite turning. First, as the growth cone pathfinds in response to the various cues, the associated neurite often reorients across the angle topographical microfeatures. Additionally, neurite branching is observed in response to topographical guidance cues, most frequently when turning decisions are most uncertain.Significance.Overall, the multi-angle channel micropatterned substrate is a versatile and efficient system to assess neurite turning and pathfinding in response to topographical cues. These findings represent fundamental principles of neurite pathfinding that will be essential to consider for the design of 3D systems aiming to guide neurite growthin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Vecchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Madeline Rhomberg
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - C Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Marlan R Hansen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
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Kueser JB, Borovsky A, Deevy P, Muezzinoglu M, Outzen C, Leonard LB. Verb Vocabulary Supports Event Probability Use in Developmental Language Disorder. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38573844 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) tend to interpret noncanonical sentences like passives using event probability (EP) information regardless of structure (e.g., by interpreting "The dog was chased by the squirrel" as "The dog chased the squirrel"). Verbs are a major source of EP information in adults and children with typical development (TD), who know that "chase" implies an unequal relationship among participants. Individuals with DLD have poor verb knowledge and verb-based sentence processing. Yet, they also appear to rely more on EP information than their peers. This paradox raises two questions: (a) How do children with DLD use verb-based EP information alongside other information in online passive sentence interpretation? (b) How does verb vocabulary knowledge support EP information use? METHOD We created novel EP biases by showing animations of agents with consistent action tendencies (e.g., clumsy vs. helpful actions). We then used eye tracking to examine how this EP information was used during online passive sentence processing. Participants were 4- to 5-year-old children with DLD (n = 20) and same-age peers with TD (n = 20). RESULTS In Experiment 1, children with DLD quickly integrated verb-based EP information with morphosyntax close to the verb but failed to do so with distant morphosyntax. In Experiment 2, the quality of children's sentence-specific verb vocabulary knowledge was positively associated with the use of EP information in both groups. CONCLUSION Depending on the morphosyntactic context, children with DLD and TD used EP information differently, but verb vocabulary knowledge aided its use. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25491805.
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Vogt K, Kulkarni A, Pandey R, Dehnad M, Konopka G, Greene R. Sleep need driven oscillation of glutamate synaptic phenotype. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.05.578985. [PMID: 38370691 PMCID: PMC10871195 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sleep loss increases AMPA-synaptic strength and number in the neocortex. However, this is only part of the synaptic sleep loss response. We report increased AMPA/NMDA EPSC ratio in frontal-cortical pyramidal neurons of layers 2-3. Silent synapses are absent, decreasing the plastic potential to convert silent NMDA to active AMPA synapses. These sleep loss changes are recovered by sleep. Sleep genes are enriched for synaptic shaping cellular components controlling glutamate synapse phenotype, overlap with autism risk genes and are primarily observed in excitatory pyramidal neurons projecting intra-telencephalically. These genes are enriched with genes controlled by the transcription factor, MEF2c and its repressor, HDAC4. Thus, sleep genes under the influence of MEF2c and HDAC4, can provide a framework within which motor learning and training occurs mediated by sleep-dependent oscillation of glutamate-synaptic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.E. Vogt
- International Institute of Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - A. Kulkarni
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - R. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - M. Dehnad
- Department of Psychiatry, Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - G. Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - R.W. Greene
- International Institute of Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Peter O’Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Datta M, Via LE, Dartois V, Weiner DM, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Walker AM, Fleegle JD, Raplee ID, McNinch C, Zarodniuk M, Kamoun WS, Yue C, Kumar AS, Subudhi S, Xu L, Barry CE, Jain RK. Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321336121. [PMID: 38530888 PMCID: PMC10998582 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321336121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-directed therapies (HDTs) represent an emerging approach for bacterial clearance during tuberculosis (TB) infection. While most HDTs are designed and implemented for immuno-modulation, other host targets-such as nonimmune stromal components found in pulmonary granulomas-may prove equally viable. Building on our previous work characterizing and normalizing the aberrant granuloma-associated vasculature, here we demonstrate that FDA-approved therapies (bevacizumab and losartan, respectively) can be repurposed as HDTs to normalize blood vessels and extracellular matrix (ECM), improve drug delivery, and reduce bacterial loads in TB granulomas. Granulomas feature an overabundance of ECM and compressed blood vessels, both of which are effectively reduced by losartan treatment in the rabbit model of TB. Combining both HDTs promotes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and improves anti-TB drug delivery. Finally, alone and in combination with second-line antitubercular agents (moxifloxacin or bedaquiline), these HDTs significantly reduce bacterial burden. RNA sequencing analysis of HDT-treated lung and granuloma tissues implicates up-regulated antimicrobial peptide and proinflammatory gene expression by ciliated epithelial airway cells as a putative mechanism of the observed antitubercular benefits in the absence of chemotherapy. These findings demonstrate that bevacizumab and losartan are well-tolerated stroma-targeting HDTs, normalize the granuloma microenvironment, and improve TB outcomes, providing the rationale to clinically test this combination in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Datta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Laura E. Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Danielle M. Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - Firat Kaya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ07110
| | - April M. Walker
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Joel D. Fleegle
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Isaac D. Raplee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Colton McNinch
- Bioinformatics and Computational Bioscience Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Maksym Zarodniuk
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Walid S. Kamoun
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Changli Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN46556
| | - Ashwin S. Kumar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Sonu Subudhi
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
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Griebel U, Oller DK. From emotional signals to symbols. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1135288. [PMID: 38629043 PMCID: PMC11020113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1135288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The quest for the origins of language is a diverse enterprise, where research from a variety of disciplines brings area-specific ideas and area-specific terminology to bear. This variety often results in misunderstandings and misconceptions about communication in various species. In the present paper, we argue for focus on emotional systems as the primary motivators for social signals in animals in general. This focus can help resolve discrepancies of interpretation among different areas of inquiry and can illuminate distinctions among different social signals as well as their phylogenetic origins in animals and especially in humans. We advocate, following Jaak Panksepp, a view wherein the Seeking System, the endogenous tendency to search and explore, is the most fundamental emotional motivation. The Seeking System forms the basis for flexible, voluntary, and exploratory control of motor systems and makes much of learning possible. The relative lack of vocal learning and expression in nonhuman primates contrasted with extensive vocal learning and expression in humans began, we propose, with the evolution in ancient hominins of a necessary foundation for the many subsequent capabilities required for language. That foundation was, according to the reasoning, naturally selected in the form of neurological connections between the Seeking System and mechanisms of glottal/phonatory control. The new connections allowed ancient hominins to develop flexible, endogenous vocal fitness signals produced at very high rates and including large numbers of discrete syllables, recombinable to form syllable combinations with many prosodic variations. The increasing sociality of hominins supported evolution of massive expansion in the utilization of these flexible vocal forms to allow development of words and sentences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Griebel
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- The Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- The Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - D. Kimbrough Oller
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- The Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- The Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Pierpaoli C, Nayak A, Hafiz R, Irfanoglu MO, Chen G, Taylor P, Hallett M, Hoa M, Pham D, Chou YY, Moses AD, van der Merwe AJ, Lippa SM, Brewer CC, Zalewski CK, Zampieri C, Turtzo LC, Shahim P, Chan L. Neuroimaging Findings in US Government Personnel and Their Family Members Involved in Anomalous Health Incidents. JAMA 2024; 331:1122-1134. [PMID: 38497822 PMCID: PMC10949155 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Importance US government personnel stationed internationally have reported anomalous health incidents (AHIs), with some individuals experiencing persistent debilitating symptoms. Objective To assess the potential presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detectable brain lesions in participants with AHIs, with respect to a well-matched control group. Design, Setting, and Participants This exploratory study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center and the NIH MRI Research Facility between June 2018 and November 2022. Eighty-one participants with AHIs and 48 age- and sex-matched control participants, 29 of whom had similar employment as the AHI group, were assessed with clinical, volumetric, and functional MRI. A high-quality diffusion MRI scan and a second volumetric scan were also acquired during a different session. The structural MRI acquisition protocol was optimized to achieve high reproducibility. Forty-nine participants with AHIs had at least 1 additional imaging session approximately 6 to 12 months from the first visit. Exposure AHIs. Main Outcomes and Measures Group-level quantitative metrics obtained from multiple modalities: (1) volumetric measurement, voxel-wise and region of interest (ROI)-wise; (2) diffusion MRI-derived metrics, voxel-wise and ROI-wise; and (3) ROI-wise within-network resting-state functional connectivity using functional MRI. Exploratory data analyses used both standard, nonparametric tests and bayesian multilevel modeling. Results Among the 81 participants with AHIs, the mean (SD) age was 42 (9) years and 49% were female; among the 48 control participants, the mean (SD) age was 43 (11) years and 42% were female. Imaging scans were performed as early as 14 days after experiencing AHIs with a median delay period of 80 (IQR, 36-544) days. After adjustment for multiple comparisons, no significant differences between participants with AHIs and control participants were found for any MRI modality. At an unadjusted threshold (P < .05), compared with control participants, participants with AHIs had lower intranetwork connectivity in the salience networks, a larger corpus callosum, and diffusion MRI differences in the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, inferior cerebellar peduncle, and amygdala. The structural MRI measurements were highly reproducible (median coefficient of variation <1% across all global volumetric ROIs and <1.5% for all white matter ROIs for diffusion metrics). Even individuals with large differences from control participants exhibited stable longitudinal results (typically, <±1% across visits), suggesting the absence of evolving lesions. The relationships between the imaging and clinical variables were weak (median Spearman ρ = 0.10). The study did not replicate the results of a previously published investigation of AHIs. Conclusions and Relevance In this exploratory neuroimaging study, there were no significant differences in imaging measures of brain structure or function between individuals reporting AHIs and matched control participants after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pierpaoli
- Laboratory on Quantitative Medical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amritha Nayak
- Laboratory on Quantitative Medical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rakibul Hafiz
- Laboratory on Quantitative Medical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. Okan Irfanoglu
- Laboratory on Quantitative Medical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gang Chen
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Taylor
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Hallett
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Hoa
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI2—formerly known as the Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine [CNRM])
| | - Dzung Pham
- The Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yi-Yu Chou
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anita D. Moses
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - André J. van der Merwe
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara M. Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carmen C. Brewer
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI2—formerly known as the Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine [CNRM])
| | - Chris K. Zalewski
- Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (MTBI2—formerly known as the Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine [CNRM])
| | - Cris Zampieri
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - L. Christine Turtzo
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pashtun Shahim
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leighton Chan
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wang H, Ali Y, Max L. Perceptual formant discrimination during speech movement planning. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301514. [PMID: 38564597 PMCID: PMC10986972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Evoked potential studies have shown that speech planning modulates auditory cortical responses. The phenomenon's functional relevance is unknown. We tested whether, during this time window of cortical auditory modulation, there is an effect on speakers' perceptual sensitivity for vowel formant discrimination. Participants made same/different judgments for pairs of stimuli consisting of a pre-recorded, self-produced vowel and a formant-shifted version of the same production. Stimuli were presented prior to a "go" signal for speaking, prior to passive listening, and during silent reading. The formant discrimination stimulus /uh/ was tested with a congruent productions list (words with /uh/) and an incongruent productions list (words without /uh/). Logistic curves were fitted to participants' responses, and the just-noticeable difference (JND) served as a measure of discrimination sensitivity. We found a statistically significant effect of condition (worst discrimination before speaking) without congruency effect. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that JND was significantly greater before speaking than during silent reading. Thus, formant discrimination sensitivity was reduced during speech planning regardless of the congruence between discrimination stimulus and predicted acoustic consequences of the planned speech movements. This finding may inform ongoing efforts to determine the functional relevance of the previously reported modulation of auditory processing during speech planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Wang
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ludo Max
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Ottinger AM, Raymond MJ, Miller EM, Meyer TA. Opioid Prescribing Patterns Following Lateral Skull Base Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:e351-e358. [PMID: 38437814 PMCID: PMC10939820 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the opioid prescribing patterns for and requirements of patients undergoing repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks of the lateral skull base. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Adults with lateral skull base sCSF leaks who underwent repairs between September 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mean morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) of opioids dispensed to inpatients and prescribed at discharge, additional pain control medications dispensed, and outpatient additional opioid requests were compared between groups. RESULTS Of 78 patients included, 46 (59%) underwent repair via a transmastoid (TM), 6 (7.7%) via a middle cranial fossa (MCF), and 26 (33.3%) via a combined TM-MCF approach. Inpatients received a mean of 21.3, 31.4, and 37.6 MMEs per day during admission for the TM, MCF, and combined TM-MCF approaches, respectively ( p = 0.019, ηp 2 = 0.101). Upon discharge, nearly all patients (n = 74, 94.9%) received opioids; 27.3, 32.5, and 37.6 MMEs per day were prescribed after the TM, MCF, and TM-MCF approaches, respectively ( p = 0.015, ηp 2 = 0.093). Five (6.4%) patients requested additional outpatient pain medication, after which three were prescribed 36.7 MMEs per day. Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension required significantly more inpatient MMEs than those without (41.5 versus 25.2, p = 0.02, d = 0.689), as did patients with a history of headaches (39.6 versus 23.6, p = 0.042, d = 0.684). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing sCSF leak repair via the MCF or TM-MCF approaches are prescribed more opioids postoperatively than patients undergoing the TM approach. Patients with a history of headaches or idiopathic intracranial hypertension might require more opioids postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M. Ottinger
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mallory J. Raymond
- Mayo Clinic -Jacksonville, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - E. Marin Miller
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ted A. Meyer
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Varghese JJ, Walia A, Lefler SM, Ortmann AJ, Shew MA, Durakovic N, Wick CC, Herzog JA, Buchman CA. Identifying Slim Modiolar Electrode Tip Fold-Over With Intracochlear Electrocochleography. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1124-1132. [PMID: 38018567 PMCID: PMC10960700 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of intracochlear electrocochleography (ECochG) for identifying tip fold-over during cochlear implantation (CI) using the slim modiolar electrode (SME) array. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. METHODS From July 2022 to June 2023, 142 patients, including adults and children, underwent intracochlear ECochG monitoring during and after SME placement. Tone-bursts were presented from 250 Hz to 2 kHz at 108 to 114 dB HL. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) allowed for frequency-specific evaluation of ECochG response. ECochG patterns during insertion and postinsertion were evaluated using sensitivity and specificity analysis to predict tip fold-over. Intraoperative plain radiographs served as a reference standard. RESULTS Fifteen tip fold-over cases occurred (10.6%) with significant ECochG response (>2 µV). Sixty-one cases without tip fold-over occurred (43.0%) with significant ECochG response. All tip fold-overs had both a nontonotopic postinsertion sweep and nonrobust active insertion pattern. No patients with robust insertion or tonotopic sweep patterns had tip fold-over. Sensitivity of detecting tip fold-over when having both nonrobust insertion and nontonotopic sweep patterns was 100% (95% confidence inteval [CI] 78.2%-100%), specificity was 68.9% (95% CI 55.7%-80.1%), and the overall accuracy was 72.0% (95% CI 60.5%-81.7%). CONCLUSION Intracochlear ECochG monitoring during cochlear implantation with the SME can be a valuable tool for identifying properly positioned electrode arrays. In cases where ECochG patterns are nonrobust on insertion and nontonotopic for electrode sweeps, there may be a concern for tip fold-over, and intraoperative imaging is necessary to confirm proper insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J. Varghese
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amit Walia
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shannon M. Lefler
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda J. Ortmann
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew A. Shew
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nedim Durakovic
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cameron C. Wick
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacques A. Herzog
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Craig A. Buchman
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Chapurin N, Schlosser RJ, Gutierrez J, Mace JC, Smith TL, Bodner TE, Khan S, Mulligan JK, Mattos JL, Alt JA, Ramakrishnan VR, Soler ZM. All chronic rhinosinusitis endotype clusters demonstrate improvement in patient-reported and clinical outcome measures after endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:765-774. [PMID: 37563836 PMCID: PMC10858289 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes show a differential response to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We explored patient mucous inflammatory cytokine expression and associations with patient-reported and clinically measured post-operative outcome measures. METHODS Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a national multicenter, observational study. Mucus was collected from the olfactory cleft preoperatively and evaluated for 26 biomarkers using cluster analysis. Patient-reported outcome measures included the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD). Additional clinical measures of disease severity included threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores using "Sniffin' Sticks" testing and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score (LKES). RESULTS A total of 115 patients were clustered into type 2 inflammatory, non-type 2 inflammatory, noninflammatory, and two indeterminate clusters based on individual protein levels. Overall, the type 2 inflammatory cluster was found to have the highest mean improvement in both SNOT-22 (-28.3 [standard deviation, ±16.2]) and TDI (6.5 [standard deviation, ±7.9]) scores 6 months after ESS. However, on average, all endotype clusters demonstrated improvement in all outcome measures after ESS without statistically significant between-group differences in SNOT-22 (p = 0.738), QOD (p = 0.306), TDI (p = 0.358), or LKES (p = 0.514) measures. CONCLUSIONS All CRS endotype clusters responded favorably to surgery and showed improvements in patient-reported and objective outcome measures. Thus, ESS should be considered a more generalized CRS therapy, and benefits appear to not be limited to specific endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Chapurin
- Division of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rodney J. Schlosser
- Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jorge Gutierrez
- Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jess C Mace
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Timothy L. Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Todd E Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sofia Khan
- Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Mulligan
- Division of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jose L. Mattos
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vijay R. Ramakrishnan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Amin SN, Siu JM, Purcell PL, Manning JP, Wright J, Dahl JP, Hauptman JS, Hopper RA, Lee A, Manning SC, Perkins JN, Susarla SM, Bly RA. Preoperative Imaging and Surgical Findings in Pediatric Frontonasal Dermoids. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1961-1966. [PMID: 37776254 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review cases of congenital frontonasal dermoids to gain insight into the accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting intracranial extension. METHODS This retrospective study included all patients who underwent primary excision of frontonasal dermoids at an academic children's hospital over a 23-year period. Preoperative presentation, imaging, and operative findings were reviewed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics were generated to determine CT and MRI accuracy in detecting intracranial extension. RESULTS Search queries yielded 129 patients who underwent surgical removal of frontonasal dermoids over the study period with an average age of presentation of 12 months. Preoperative imaging was performed on 122 patients, with 19 patients receiving both CT and MRI. CT and MRI were concordant in the prediction of intracranial extension in 18 out of 19 patients. Intraoperatively, intracranial extension requiring craniotomy was seen in 11 patients (8.5%). CT was 87.5% sensitive and 97.4% specific for predicting intracranial extension with an ROC of 0.925 (95% CI [0.801, 1]), whereas MRI was 60.0% sensitive and 97.8% specific with an ROC of 0.789 (95% CI [0.627, 0.950]). CONCLUSION This is the largest case series in the literature describing a single institution's experience with frontonasal dermoids. Intracranial extension is rare and few patients required craniotomy in our series. CT and MRI have comparable accuracy at detecting intracranial extension. Single-modality imaging is recommended preoperatively in the absence of other clinical indications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 134:1961-1966, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak N Amin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer M Siu
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Patricia L Purcell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - James P Manning
- Utah Facial Plastics and Aesthetics, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jason Wright
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - John P Dahl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Jason S Hauptman
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Richard A Hopper
- Division of Craniofacial Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Amy Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Scott C Manning
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - J Nathaniel Perkins
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Srinivas M Susarla
- Division of Craniofacial Plastic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
| | - Randall A Bly
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A
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Bouvier L, McKinlay S, Truong J, Genge A, Dupré N, Dionne A, Kalra S, Yunusova Y. Speech timing and monosyllabic diadochokinesis measures in the assessment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Canadian French. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2024; 26:267-277. [PMID: 37272348 PMCID: PMC10696137 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2023.2214706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine if speech and pause measures obtained using a passage reading task and timing measures from a monosyllabic diadochokinesis (DDK) task differ across speakers of Canadian French diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) presenting with and without bulbar symptoms, and healthy controls. The secondary objective was to determine if these measures can reflect the severity of bulbar symptoms. METHOD A total of 29 Canadian French speakers with ALS (classified as bulbar symptomatic [n = 14] or pre-symptomatic [n = 15]) and 17 age-matched healthy controls completed a passage reading task and a monosyllabic DDK task (/pa/ and /ta/), for up to three follow-up visits. Measures of speaking rate, total duration, speech duration, and pause events were extracted from the passage reading recordings using a semi-automated speech and pause analysis procedure. Manual analysis of DDK recordings provided measures of DDK rate and variability. RESULT Group comparisons revealed significant differences (p = < .05) between the symptomatic group and the pre-symptomatic and control groups for all passage measures and DDK rates. Only the DDK rate in /ta/ differentiated the pre-symptomatic and control groups. Repeated measures correlations revealed moderate correlations (rrm = > 0.40; p = < 0.05) between passage measures of total duration, speaking rate, speech duration, and number of pauses, and ALSFRS-R total and bulbar scores, as well as between DDK rate and ALSFRS-R total score. CONCLUSION Speech and pause measures in passage and timing measures in monosyllabic DDK tasks might be suitable for monitoring bulbar functional symptoms in French speakers with ALS, but more work is required to identify which measures are sensitive to the earliest stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liziane Bouvier
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Scotia McKinlay
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justin Truong
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Genge
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital – The Neuro, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Dionne
- Neurosciences axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yana Yunusova
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Yuan D, Tournis E, Ryan ME, Lai CM, Geng X, Young NM, Wong PCM. Early-stage use of hearing aids preserves auditory cortical structure in children with sensorineural hearing loss. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae145. [PMID: 38610087 PMCID: PMC11021813 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing is critical to spoken language, cognitive, and social development. Little is known about how early auditory experiences impact the brain structure of children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This study examined the influence of hearing aid use and residual hearing on the auditory cortex of children with severe to profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss. We evaluated cortical preservation in 103 young pediatric cochlear implant candidates (55 females and 48 males) by comparing their multivoxel pattern similarity of auditory cortical structure with that of 78 age-matched children with typical hearing. The results demonstrated that early-stage hearing aid use preserved the auditory cortex of children with bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Children with less residual hearing experienced a more pronounced advantage from hearing aid use. However, this beneficial effect gradually diminished after 17 months of hearing aid use. These findings support timely fitting of hearing aids in conjunction with early implantation to take advantage of neural preservation to maximize auditory and spoken language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yuan
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3F, Sino Building Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elizabeth Tournis
- Department of Audiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Maura E Ryan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Medical Imaging, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair St,Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Ching Man Lai
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiujuan Geng
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy M Young
- Division of Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Knowles Hearing Center, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3540, United States
| | - Patrick C M Wong
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4F, Hui Yeung Shing Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, G/F, Leung Kau Kui Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Morrison RA, Fetzer DT, Patterson-Lachowicz A, McDowell S, Smeltzer JCC, Mau T, Shembel AC. Optical Flow Analysis of Paralaryngeal Muscle Movement. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1792-1801. [PMID: 37772838 PMCID: PMC10947946 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The paralaryngeal muscles are thought to be hyperfunctional with phonation in patients with primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD). However, objective, quantitative tools to assess paralaryngeal movement patterns lack. The objectives of this study were to (1) validate the use of optical flow to characterize paralaryngeal movement patterns with phonation, (2) characterize phonatory optical flow velocities and variability of the paralaryngeal muscles before and after a vocal load challenge, and (3) compare phonatory optical flow measures to standard laryngoscopic, acoustic, and self-perceptual assessments. METHODS Phonatory movement velocities and variability of the paralaryngeal muscles at vocal onsets and offsets were quantified from ultrasound videos and optical flow methods across 42 subjects with and without a diagnosis of pMTD, before and after a vocal load challenge. Severity of laryngoscopic mediolateral supraglottic compression, acoustic perturbation, and ratings of vocal effort and discomfort were also obtained at both time points. RESULTS There were no significant differences in optical flow measures of the paralaryngeal muscles with phonation between patients with pMTD and controls. Patients with pMTD had significantly more supraglottic compression, higher acoustic perturbations, and higher vocal effort and vocal tract discomfort ratings. Vocal load had a significant effect on vocal effort and discomfort but not on supraglottic compression, acoustics, or optical flow measures of the paralaryngeal muscles. CONCLUSION Optical flow methods can be used to study paralaryngeal muscle movement velocity and variability patterns during vocal productions, although the role of the paralaryngeal in pMTD diagnostics (e.g., vocal hyperfunction) remains suspect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Laryngoscope, 134:1792-1801, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Morrison
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - David T. Fetzer
- Department of Radiology, CACTUS Lab, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Amber Patterson-Lachowicz
- Department of Radiology, CACTUS Lab, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sarah McDowell
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Julianna C. Comstock Smeltzer
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Ted Mau
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Center for Voice Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Adrianna C. Shembel
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Center for Voice Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Walton KM, Borowy AR, Taylor CA. "It just depends": Parent, teacher, and expert conceptualization of social communication in young autistic children. Autism 2024; 28:920-931. [PMID: 37491973 PMCID: PMC10811291 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231185401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Improving social communication is often one goal during early autism services. However, researchers do not yet know whether their ideas about which social communication skills should be targeted during services for young autistic children are the same as the goals of autism community members, such as parents, teachers, and expert clinicians. This study used focus groups (meetings of small groups of community members) to ask people from these groups about what aspects of social communication are most important to support in young autistic children. A total of 43 people participated in these focus groups. These groups included parents (three groups; 21 people), teachers (two groups; 8 people), and experts in early social communication and autism (two groups; 14 people). Focus group participants talked about several aspects of social communication that were already familiar to the research team, such as problems with expressive communication, language understanding, and social interaction. However, participants also talked about several parts of social communication that were less familiar to the research team and had usually not been mentioned in previous research. These included (1) considering the value of unusual forms of communication, (2) taking context and setting into account when considering social communication, and (3) how communication and emotion regulation impact one another. The information from these focus groups will be helpful to making sure that researchers and clinicians focus their social communication supports on areas that are most important to parents and teachers.
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Sweat SC, Cheetham CEJ. Deficits in olfactory system neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Genesis 2024; 62:e23590. [PMID: 38490949 PMCID: PMC10990073 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The role of neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) merits much attention. The complex process by which stem cells produce daughter cells that in turn differentiate into neurons, migrate various distances, and form synaptic connections that are then refined by neuronal activity or experience is integral to the development of the nervous system. Given the continued postnatal neurogenesis that occurs in the mammalian olfactory system, it provides an ideal model for understanding how disruptions in distinct stages of neurogenesis contribute to the pathophysiology of various NDDs. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known about the disruption of neurogenesis within the olfactory system as it pertains to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome. Studies included in this review used either human subjects, mouse models, or Drosophila models, and lay a compelling foundation for continued investigation of NDDs by utilizing the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Sweat
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire E J Cheetham
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hofer LK, Jurcisek JA, Elmaraghy C, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Z-Form Extracellular DNA in Pediatric CRS May Provide a Mechanism for Recalcitrance to Treatment. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1564-1571. [PMID: 37597166 PMCID: PMC10875147 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sinus mucosal samples recovered from pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients for the presence of Z-form extracellular DNA (eDNA) due to its recently elucidated role in pathogenesis of disease. Further, we immunolabeled these specimens for the presence of both members of the bacterial DNA-binding DNABII protein family, integration host factor (IHF) and histone-like protein (HU), due to their known role in converting common B-DNA to the rare Z-form. METHODS Sinus mucosa samples recovered from 20 patients during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were immunolabelled for B- and Z-DNA, as well as for both bacterial DNABII proteins. RESULTS Nineteen of 20 samples (95%) included areas rich in eDNA, with the majority in the Z-form. Areas positive for B-DNA were restricted to the most distal regions of the mucosal specimen. Labeling for both DNABII proteins was observed on B- and Z-DNA, which aligned with the role of these proteins in the B-to-Z DNA conversion. CONCLUSIONS Abundant Z-form eDNA in culture-positive pediatric CRS samples suggested that bacterial DNABII proteins were responsible for the conversion of eukaryotic B-DNA that had been released into the luminal space by PMNs during NETosis, to the Z-form. The presence of both DNABII proteins on B-DNA and Z-DNA supported the known role of these bacterial proteins in the B-to-Z DNA conversion. Given that Z-form DNA both stabilizes the bacterial biofilm and inactivates PMN NET-mediated killing of trapped bacteria, we hypothesize that this conversion may be contributing to the chronicity and recalcitrance of CRS to treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:1564-1571, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llwyatt K. Hofer
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Joseph A. Jurcisek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Charles Elmaraghy
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Steven D. Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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Patro A, Lindquist NR, Holder JT, Freeman MH, Gifford RH, Tawfik KO, O’Malley MR, Bennett ML, Haynes DS, Perkins EL. Improved Postoperative Speech Recognition and Processor Use With Early Cochlear Implant Activation. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:386-391. [PMID: 38437818 PMCID: PMC10939836 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report speech recognition outcomes and processor use based on timing of cochlear implant (CI) activation. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS A total of 604 adult CI recipients from October 2011 to March 2022, stratified by timing of CI activation (group 1: ≤10 d, n = 47; group 2: >10 d, n = 557). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Average daily processor use; Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) and Arizona Biomedical (AzBio) in quiet at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month visits; time to peak performance. RESULTS The groups did not differ in sex ( p = 0.887), age at CI ( p = 0.109), preoperative CNC ( p = 0.070), or preoperative AzBio in quiet ( p = 0.113). Group 1 had higher median daily processor use than group 2 at the 1-month visit (12.3 versus 10.7 h/d, p = 0.017), with no significant differences at 3, 6, and 12 months. The early activation group had superior median CNC performance at 3 months (56% versus 46%, p = 0.007) and 12 months (60% versus 52%, p = 0.044). Similarly, the early activation group had superior median AzBio in quiet performance at 3 months (72% versus 59%, p = 0.008) and 12 months (75% versus 68%, p = 0.049). Both groups were equivalent in time to peak performance for CNC and AzBio. Earlier CI activation was significantly correlated with higher average daily processor use at all follow-up intervals. CONCLUSION CI activation within 10 days of surgery is associated with increased early device usage and superior speech recognition at both early and late follow-up visits. Timing of activation and device usage are modifiable factors that can help optimize postoperative outcomes in the CI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Patro
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathan R. Lindquist
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jourdan T. Holder
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael H. Freeman
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - René H. Gifford
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kareem O. Tawfik
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew R. O’Malley
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marc L. Bennett
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David S. Haynes
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth L. Perkins
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Earland N, Semenkovich NP, Ramirez RJ, Gerndt SP, Harris PK, Gu Z, Hearn AI, Inkman M, Szymanski JJ, Whitfield D, Wahle BM, Xu Z, Chen K, Alahi I, Ni G, Chen A, Winckler W, Zhang J, Chaudhuri AA, Zevallos JP. Sensitive MRD Detection from Lymphatic Fluid after Surgery in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1409-1421. [PMID: 37939112 PMCID: PMC10982646 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our goal was to demonstrate that lymphatic drainage fluid (lymph) has improved sensitivity in quantifying postoperative minimal residual disease (MRD) in locally advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) compared with plasma, and leverage this novel biofluid for patient risk stratification. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We prospectively collected lymph samples from neck drains of 106 patients with HPV (+) OPSCC, along with 67 matched plasma samples, 24 hours after surgery. PCR and next-generation sequencing were used to quantify cancer-associated cell-free HPV (cf-HPV) and tumor-informed variants in lymph and plasma. Next, lymph cf-HPV and variants were compared with TNM stage, extranodal extension (ENE), and composite definitions of high-risk pathology. We then created a machine learning model, informed by lymph MRD and clinicopathologic features, to compare with progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Postoperative lymph was enriched with cf-HPV compared with plasma (P < 0.0001) and correlated with pN2 stage (P = 0.003), ENE (P < 0.0001), and trial-defined pathologic risk criteria (mean AUC = 0.78). In addition, the lymph mutation number and variant allele frequency were higher in pN2 ENE (+) necks than in pN1 ENE (+) (P = 0.03, P = 0.02) or pN0-N1 ENE (-) (P = 0.04, P = 0.03, respectively). The lymph MRD-informed risk model demonstrated inferior PFS in high-risk patients (AUC = 0.96, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Variant and cf-HPV quantification, performed in 24-hour postoperative lymph samples, reflects single- and multifeature high-risk pathologic criteria. Incorporating lymphatic MRD and clinicopathologic feature analysis can stratify PFS early after surgery in patients with HPV (+) head and neck cancer. See related commentary by Shannon and Iyer, p. 1223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Earland
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas P. Semenkovich
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ricardo J. Ramirez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sophie P. Gerndt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter K. Harris
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zhuosheng Gu
- Droplet Biosciences, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew I. Hearn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew Inkman
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey J. Szymanski
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Benjamin M. Wahle
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Zhongping Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin Chen
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Irfan Alahi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gabris Ni
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Chen
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aadel A. Chaudhuri
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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