1
|
Neller SA, Hebdon MT, Wickens E, Scammon DL, Utz RL, Dassel KB, Terrill AL, Ellington L, Kirby AV. Family caregiver experiences and needs across health conditions, relationships, and the lifespan: a Qualitative analysis. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2296694. [PMID: 38213230 PMCID: PMC10791097 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2296694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of family caregivers who provide care to individuals across a broad range of ages, caregiving relationships, and health conditions and/or disabilities. Family caregiver research is typically siloed by health condition or by caregiving relationship, leaving gaps in understanding similarities and differences among caregivers. METHODS We hosted three virtual focus groups with diverse family caregivers (n = 26) caring for an individual with a long-term disability and/or health condition(s). We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis using an iterative, inductive process. RESULTS Participants primarily expressed shared experiences, despite having unique caregiving situations. We identified themes among a) caregiver experiences: Trying to Do It All, Balancing Complex Emotions, Managing Expectations, and Adjusting to Changes Over Time and b) caregiver needs: Longing for Breaks and Self-Care; Lacking Help, Support and Resources; and Desiring Understanding and Recognition. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize that many elements of the caregiving experience transcend care recipient age, condition, and relationship and are applicable to clinicians, researchers, and policy makers. The evidence of shared caregiver experiences can guide efficiencies in policy and practice (e.g., pooling of existing resources, expansion of interventions) to meet the needs of a broader population of caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Neller
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Emily Wickens
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Debra L. Scammon
- David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Utz
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kara B. Dassel
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lee Ellington
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anne V. Kirby
- College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson SD, Pilli N, Yu J, Knight LA, Kane MA, Byrareddy SN. Dual role for microbial short-chain fatty acids in modifying SIV disease trajectory following anti-α4β7 antibody administration. Ann Med 2024; 56:2315224. [PMID: 38353210 PMCID: PMC10868432 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2315224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection is associated with significant gut damage, similar to that observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This pathology includes loss of epithelial integrity, microbial translocation, dysbiosis, and resultant chronic immune activation. Additionally, the levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) are dramatically attenuated. Data on the therapeutic use of anti-α4β7 antibodies has shown promise in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recent evidence has suggested that the microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites it generates may be critical for anti-α4β7 efficacy and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine whether the microbiome contributes to gut homeostasis after anti-α4β7 antibody administered to SIV-infected rhesus macaques, faecal SCFA concentrations were determined, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, plasma viral loads were determined, plasma retinoids were measured longitudinally, and gut retinoid synthesis/response gene expression was quantified. RESULTS Our results suggest that anti-α4β7 antibody facilitates the return of retinoid metabolism to baseline levels after SIV infection. Furthermore, faecal SCFAs were shown to be associated with retinoid synthesis gene expression and rebound viral loads after therapy interruption. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of anti-α4β7 antibody administration during HIV/SIV infection and that the efficacy of anti-α4β7 antibody may depend on microbiome composition and SCFA generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mudhune V, Winskell K, Bednarczyk RA, Ondenge K, Mbeda C, Kerubo E, Ndivo R, Arego J, Morales M, Halliburton B, Sabben G. Sexual behaviour among Kenyan adolescents enrolled in an efficacy trial of a smartphone game to prevent HIV: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data. SAHARA J 2024; 21:2320188. [PMID: 38388022 PMCID: PMC10885754 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2024.2320188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual behaviour of adolescents is contextual, with various determinants affecting sexual activity and age of sexual debut. Insight into sexual activity among young adolescents has the potential to influence appropriate sexual and reproductive health interventions. For this analysis, adolescents were recruited as part of the Tumaini smartphone game efficacy trial. Data collection included a self-administered behavioural survey and blood test for HIV and HSV-2. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographics and measures of sexual behaviour and behavioural intent based on gender and sexual experience, with associations assessed using chi-square tests, t-tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests as appropriate. We enrolled 996 adolescents, mean age 14 years and 2.2% HSV-2 positivity. Overall, 15% of the adolescents were sexually experienced, this being associated with lower socio-economic status (p = 0.01), household food insecurity (p = 0.008), a living situation without both parents (p < 0.01), substance use (p = 0.02), no adult conversation about future goals (p = 0.003), conversations about condoms (p = 0.01), with some gender disparity within these factors. Among those sexually experienced, 21.7% reported unwilling sex; 17.5% had engaged in transactional sex; 57.8% had willing first sex, of whom 60.9% reported no condom use. Among those abstaining, female adolescents were less likely to contemplate condom use at first sex (p = 0.006). Our findings determine that young sexually active adolescents are likely engaging in unprotected sex and having unwilling sexual experiences. Socio-economic status, living situation and parental monitoring remain significant factors associated with sexual experience among young adolescents. In this context, early adolescence is an opportunity to provide age- and developmentally appropriate education about safer sex practices.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04437667.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mudhune
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kate Winskell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A. Bednarczyk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ken Ondenge
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Calvin Mbeda
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Emily Kerubo
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Ndivo
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Judith Arego
- HIV Research Division, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Marissa Morales
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brianna Halliburton
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Sabben
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basarkod S, Valbrun S, Wiltshire C, France JM, Davie W, Winters S, George SA, Stenson AF, Jovanovic T. Prospective Measurement of Skin Conductance Response during Trauma Interview Predicts Future PTSD Severity in Trauma Exposed Children. J Mood Anxiety Disord 2024; 7:100061. [PMID: 38559776 PMCID: PMC10976609 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is positively associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children with trauma exposure. One of the ways that SNS activity is measured is through skin conductance response (SCR), which has been shown to predict future PTSD severity in adults. In this study, we explored the utility of a novel, low-cost mobile SCR device, eSense, to predict future PTSD symptom severity in trauma exposed children. We recruited children (N=43, age 9 years at initial visit) for a longitudinal study in which SCR was recorded at baseline visit, and PTSD symptoms were assessed two years later. Results indicated an interaction between SCR and trauma exposure, such that children with lower trauma exposure who demonstrated greater SCR reported higher PTSD severity two years later. This association remained significant even after controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms. Children with higher levels of trauma exposure did not show this association, potentially due to ceiling effects of PTSD symptoms. Together these findings suggest the utility of SCR as a biomarker for predicting trauma related disorders in children, and that it may be a valuable tool in clinical interventions targeting sympathetic arousal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattvik Basarkod
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaurel Valbrun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charis Wiltshire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John McClellan France
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - William Davie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sterling Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sophie A. George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Anais F. Stenson
- Division of AIDS Research at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lyons M, Harper GW, Jadwin-Cakmak L, Beyer A, Graham SM. Listening to the Voices of Gay and Bisexual Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Kenya: Recommendations for Improved HIV Prevention Programming. Undergrad J Public Health Univ Mich 2024; 7:84-96. [PMID: 37398631 PMCID: PMC10310496 DOI: 10.3998/ujph.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Young gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are a key population at high risk for new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Kenya; thus, increased efforts are necessary to reduce their health risks. This qualitative study describes recommendations offered by young GBMSM in Kenya regarding the development and delivery of culturally appropriate HIV prevention services. Both young GBMSM Community Members and Peer Educators recommend that future HIV prevention efforts enhance economic empowerment, provide mental health and substance use services, and incorporate arts-based health promotion strategies. In addition, participants recommended that public health professionals increase the ease of access to HIV prevention services for GBMSM and that researchers disseminate findings from HIV prevention research back to the community.
Collapse
|
6
|
Secara MT, Oliver LD, Gallucci J, Dickie EW, Foussias G, Gold J, Malhotra AK, Buchanan RW, Voineskos AN, Hawco C. Heterogeneity in functional connectivity: Dimensional predictors of individual variability during rest and task fMRI in psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110991. [PMID: 38484928 PMCID: PMC11034852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often demonstrate cognitive impairments, associated with poor functional outcomes. While neurobiological heterogeneity has posed challenges when examining social cognition in SSD, it provides a unique opportunity to explore brain-behavior relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual variability in functional connectivity during resting state and the performance of a social task and social and non-social cognition in a large sample of controls and individuals diagnosed with SSD. METHODS Neuroimaging and behavioral data were analyzed for 193 individuals with SSD and 155 controls (total n = 348). Individual variability was quantified through mean correlational distance (MCD) of functional connectivity between participants; MCD was defined as a global 'variability score'. Pairwise correlational distance was calculated as 1 - the correlation coefficient between a given pair of participants, and averaging distance from one participant to all other participants provided the mean correlational distance metric. Hierarchical regressions were performed on variability scores derived from resting state and Empathic Accuracy (EA) task functional connectivity data to determine potential predictors (e.g., age, sex, neurocognitive and social cognitive scores) of individual variability. RESULTS Group comparison between SSD and controls showed greater SSD MCD during rest (p = 0.00038), while no diagnostic differences were observed during task (p = 0.063). Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the persistence of a significant diagnostic effect during rest (p = 0.008), contrasting with its non-significance during the task (p = 0.50), after social cognition was added to the model. Notably, social cognition exhibited significance in both resting state and task conditions (both p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic differences were more prevalent during unconstrained resting scans, whereas the task pushed participants into a more common pattern which better emphasized transdiagnostic differences in cognitive abilities. Focusing on variability may provide new opportunities for interventions targeting specific cognitive impairments to improve functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Secara
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weinstein ER, Broos HC, Lozano A, Jones MA, Serrano LP, Harkness A. Longitudinal predictors of post-exposure prophylaxis awareness among latino sexual minority men in South Florida. J Behav Med 2024; 47:434-445. [PMID: 38409554 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical tools for HIV prevention such as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) continue to be underutilized by subgroups experiencing significant HIV inequities. Specifically, factors associated with both PEP awareness and uptake both cross-sectionally and longitudinally are under-researched, despite PEP being a part of the United States' Plan for Ending the HIV Epidemic. The current study examined longitudinal predictors of PEP awareness among Latino sexual minority men (LSMM) living in South Florida. This current study (N = 290) employed hierarchal linear modeling across three timepoints (baseline, 4-months, 8-months) to assess within-person and between-person effects over time for several psychosocial and structural factors. Most participants (67.5%) reported little to no awareness of PEP at baseline with general PEP awareness growing slightly across the study (60.5% reporting little to no awareness of PEP at 8 months). Results of the final conditional model suggest significant within-person effects of PrEP knowledge (p = 0.02) and PrEP self-efficacy (p < 0.001), as well as a significant positive between-person effect of PrEP knowledge (p < 0.01) on PEP awareness. Between-person HIV knowledge was also a significant predictor in this model (p = 0.01). This longitudinal analysis of LSMM's PEP awareness indicates that more must be done to increase PEP awareness among this subgroup. Future studies should explore how to build on existing interventions focused on HIV and PrEP knowledge and PrEP self-efficacy to incorporate information about PEP to increase the reach of this effective biomedical HIV prevention tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah C Broos
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Alyssa Lozano
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Megan A Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | | | - Audrey Harkness
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monzel AS, Levin M, Picard M. The energetics of cellular life transitions. Life Metab 2024; 3:load051. [PMID: 38566850 PMCID: PMC10984639 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs energy. Recent findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects increase the energetic cost of living, and that excessive integrated stress response (ISR) signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during development. In this perspective, we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift identity. The energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified, representing a gap in knowledge. We propose that the ISR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to i) prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions, and ii) allow ISR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Monzel
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arif Y, Son JJ, Okelberry HJ, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Modulation of movement-related oscillatory signatures by cognitive interference in healthy aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:3021-3034. [PMID: 38175521 PMCID: PMC11009213 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the neurophysiology underlying motor control are well documented, but whether these changes are specific to motor function or more broadly reflect age-related alterations in fronto-parietal circuitry serving attention and other higher-level processes remains unknown. Herein, we collected high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 72 healthy adults (age 28-63 years) as they completed an adapted version of the multi-source interference task that involved two subtypes of cognitive interference (i.e., flanker and Simon) and their integration (i.e., multi-source). All MEG data were examined for age-related changes in neural oscillatory activity using a whole-brain beamforming approach. Our primary findings indicated robust behavioral differences in task performance based on the type of interference, as well as stronger beta oscillations with increasing age in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (flanker and multi-source conditions), left parietal (flanker and Simon), and medial parietal regions (multi-source). Overall, these data indicate that healthy aging is associated with alterations in higher-order association cortices that are critical for attention and motor control in the context of cognitive interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA.
| | - Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hannah J Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gathright EC, Hughes JW, Sun S, Storlazzi LE, DeCosta J, Balletto BL, Carey MP, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Salmoirago-Blotcher E. Effects of stress management interventions on heart rate variability in adults with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Med 2024; 47:374-388. [PMID: 38478157 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Meta-analysis was used to investigate the potential benefits of stress management interventions (SMIs) on vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) in adults with cardiovascular disease. Electronic bibliographic databases were searched through August 2022. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies assessing effects of SMIs on HRV were included. Methodological quality was assessed with a standardized checklist. A pooled effect size was calculated for vagally-mediated HRV indices (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of the successive differences, and high frequency power) using random effects models. Fourteen studies (1202 participants, Mage: 59 ± 6.25 years; 25% ± 16% women; 61% ± 22% White) were included. Ten studies (11 effects) reported short-term HRV assessment; a small between-group difference emerged for vagally-mediated HRV (d+ = .27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.52, k = 11). Most interventions examined biofeedback; these studies yielded a small between-group difference on vagally-mediated HRV (d+ = 0.31, 95% CI 0.09-0.53, k = 7, Q [6] = 3.82, p = .70, I2 = 11%). This is the first systematic examination of the effect of SMIs on HRV in adults with CVD. Findings suggest a small effect of SMIs on vagally-mediated HRV, with biofeedback likely driving the effect. More research is required to fully understand whether this benefit on vagally-mediated HRV applies to other SMIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Gathright
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Joel W Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laurie E Storlazzi
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Julie DeCosta
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Brittany L Balletto
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mac Giollabhui N, Kautz MM, Moriarity DP, Chat IKY, Murray S, Ellman LM, Alloy LB. Chronic inflammation is associated with worsening working memory performance: Preliminary evidence from a diverse, longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:106992. [PMID: 38422797 PMCID: PMC11031287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Many depressed individuals experience cognitive difficulties that persist when depression is in remission. Inflammation is hypothesized to play a role in cognitive dysfunction in depression; however, many aspects of this relationship are not well characterized. The current study examined whether inflammation is associated with specific cognitive deficits in individuals with a history of depression and with progressively worsening working memory over time. Adolescents who participated in a prospective, longitudinal study of adolescent-onset depression were recruited to complete a follow-up cognitive assessment. The sample was comprised of 82 participants (52.4% female; 37.8% white; 42.7% low socioeconomic status) who were aged 22.61 years (SD = 1.50) at the time of the follow-up cognitive assessment. Prior to the follow-up cognitive assessment, they had completed an average of 6.24 (SD = 1.80) prior annual assessments over 6.24 years (SD = 2.08) as part of the parent longitudinal study in which C-reactive protein (CRP), depressive symptoms, and working memory were assessed repeatedly. First, using linear regression, we tested whether individuals exhibiting inflammation (CRP ≥3 mg/L) at multiple timepoints and a history of likely depression (Children's Depression Inventory ≥19) exhibited differentially worse executive functioning, episodic memory, or psychomotor speed. Second, using hierarchical linear modeling, we tested whether the combination of inflammation and likely past depression was associated with poorer working memory over time. Chronic inflammation was associated with worsening working memory over time, but no significant associations were observed in cross-sectional analyses. These preliminary data indicate that chronic inflammation may lead to progressive decline in working memory over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marin M Kautz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel P Moriarity
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Iris K-Y Chat
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bell-Hensley A, Beard DC, Feeney K, Zheng H, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Gabel H, McAlinden A. Skeletal abnormalities in mice with Dnmt3a missense mutations. Bone 2024; 183:117085. [PMID: 38522809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Overgrowth and intellectual disability disorders in humans are typified by length/height and/or head circumference ≥ 2 standard deviations above the mean as well as intellectual disability and behavioral comorbidities, including autism and anxiety. Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome is one type of overgrowth and intellectual disability disorder caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) gene. Numerous DNMT3A mutations have been identified in Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome patients and may be associated with varying phenotype severities of clinical presentation. Two such mutations are the R882H and P904L mutations which result in severe and mild phenotypes, respectively. Mice with paralogous mutations (Dnmt3aP900L/+ and Dnmt3aR878H/+) exhibit overgrowth in their long bones (e.g., femur, humerus), but the mechanisms responsible for their skeletal overgrowth remain unknown. The goal of this study is to characterize skeletal phenotypes in mouse models of Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome and identify potential cellular mechanisms involved in the skeletal overgrowth phenotype. We report that mature mice with the Dnmt3aP900L/+ or Dnmt3aR878H/+ mutation exhibit tibial overgrowth, cortical bone thinning, and weakened bone mechanical properties. Dnmt3aR878H/+ mutants also contain larger bone marrow adipocytes while Dnmt3aP900L/+ mutants show no adipocyte phenotype compared to control animals. To understand the potential cellular mechanisms regulating these phenotypes, growth plate chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts were assessed in juvenile mutant mice using quantitative static histomorphometry and dynamic histomorphometry. Tibial growth plates appeared thicker in mutant juvenile mice, but no changes were observed in osteoblast activity or osteoclast number in the femoral mid-diaphysis. These studies reveal new skeletal phenotypes associated with Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome in mice and provide a rationale to extend clinical assessments of patients with this condition to include bone density and quality testing. These findings may be also informative for skeletal characterization of other mouse models presenting with overgrowth and intellectual disability phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin Bell-Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diana C Beard
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn Feeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yunhao Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harrison Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leigland A, Arnold T, Giorlando KK, Barnett AP, Sims-Gomillia CE, Bertone Z, Edet PP, Whiteley L, Brown LK. A qualitative study evaluating COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among individuals living in Mississippi. SSM Qual Res Health 2024; 5:100377. [PMID: 38605935 PMCID: PMC11005795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower in the Southern United States compared to other regions. This study investigated COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Mississippi (MS) to identify preferences that may boost MS vaccination strategies in areas with poor vaccine uptake. Methods Qualitative interviews were completed between April 2021 and January 2022 with staff and patients at four Federally Qualified Health Centers in MS. Interviews included the following COVID-19 vaccine topics: willingness to be vaccinated, barriers and facilitators, and methods for providing vaccine information. Data were organized with NVivo software and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Fifteen clinic staff and 49 patients were interviewed. Barriers to vaccine uptake included a lack of knowledge and understanding of how the vaccine worked, distrust of the government, fear of side effects, and social pressure to stay unvaccinated. Vaccination facilitators included its widespread accessibility, a desire to protect themselves and vulnerable populations, and a previous unpleasant COVID-19 illness experience. Participants stated that vaccine information should be provided by health organizations and familiar, respected community members. Conclusions Results identified barriers to vaccination, such as mistrust of the government and healthcare system, and facilitators like vaccination advocacy originating from congregations and religious leaders. These findings can inform future COVID-19 vaccination efforts to increase overall immunization rates in MS. Future research in other locations could further assess commonalities and differences in the barriers and facilitators to vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Leigland
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Trisha Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kayla K. Giorlando
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Andrew P. Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Courtney E. Sims-Gomillia
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Zoe Bertone
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Precious Patrick Edet
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Laura Whiteley
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Larry K. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ravi V, Wang J, Flint J, Alwan A. Enhancing accuracy and privacy in speech-based depression detection through speaker disentanglement. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2024; 86:101605. [PMID: 38313320 PMCID: PMC10836190 DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2023.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Speech signals are valuable biomarkers for assessing an individual's mental health, including identifying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) automatically. A frequently used approach in this regard is to employ features related to speaker identity, such as speaker-embeddings. However, over-reliance on speaker identity features in mental health screening systems can compromise patient privacy. Moreover, some aspects of speaker identity may not be relevant for depression detection and could serve as a bias factor that hampers system performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose disentangling speaker-identity information from depression-related information. Specifically, we present four distinct disentanglement methods to achieve this - adversarial speaker identification (SID)-loss maximization (ADV), SID-loss equalization with variance (LEV), SID-loss equalization using Cross-Entropy (LECE) and SID-loss equalization using KL divergence (LEKLD). Our experiments, which incorporated diverse input features and model architectures, have yielded improved F1 scores for MDD detection and voice-privacy attributes, as quantified by Gain in Voice Distinctiveness G V D and De-Identification Scores (DeID). On the DAIC-WOZ dataset (English), LECE using ComparE16 features results in the best F1-Scores of 80% which represents the audio-only SOTA depression detection F1-Score along with a G V D of -1.1 dB and a DeID of 85%. On the EATD dataset (Mandarin), ADV using raw-audio signal achieves an F1-Score of 72.38% surpassing multi-modal SOTA along with a G V D of -0.89 dB dB and a DeID of 51.21%. By reducing the dependence on speaker-identity-related features, our method offers a promising direction for speech-based depression detection that preserves patient privacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ravi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Abeer Alwan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ngo VK, Vu TT, Punter MA, Levine D, Borrell LN, Mateu-Gelabert P. Mental Health Service Use, Barriers, and Service Preferences During COVID-19 among Low-Income Housing and Market-Rate Housing Residents of Harlem in New York City. J Community Health 2024; 49:439-447. [PMID: 38066218 PMCID: PMC10981563 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the differences in mental health service use, barriers, and service preferences among 393 low-income housing (LIH) and market-rate housing (MRH) Harlem residents in New York City. One-third (34.6%) endorsed the need for professional support for psychological issues, 27.2% and 15.8% reported using counseling services and psychotropic medication, with no differences between housing types. LIH residents (21.6-38.8%) reported significantly higher use of all types of mental health resources (e.g., websites, anonymous hotlines, self-help tools) compared with MRH residents (16.1-26.4%). Eighty-six percent reported barriers to mental health access, with LIH residents reporting more than double the barriers. Particularly, LIH residents reported greater difficulty getting time off work (34.1% vs. 14%), lack of health insurance (18.7% vs. 9.8%), lack of trust in mental health providers (14.6% vs. 4.7%), and stigma (12.2% vs. 5.1%) compared with MRH residents. Residents most preferred places of services were health clinics and houses of worship; provided by healthcare and mental health providers; and services delivered in-person and phone-based counseling. In contrast, residents least preferred getting support at mental health clinics; from family/friends; and by the Internet. No differences were found between service preferences by housing type. LIH residents reported higher use of mental health services and resources, but they face significantly more barriers to mental health care, suggesting a need to address specific barriers. Preferences for mental health services suggest a need for expanding mental health services to different settings given the low preference for services to be delivered at mental health clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Ngo
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thinh T Vu
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Malcolm A Punter
- Harlem Congregations for Community Improvement, Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Levine
- Harlem Health Initiative, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Mateu-Gelabert
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Edwards AC, Lannoy S, Stephenson ME, Kendler KS, Salvatore JE. Divorce, genetic risk, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in a sample with recurrent major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:642-648. [PMID: 38521136 PMCID: PMC11015957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) implicate both interpersonal and biological factors. Divorce/separation and aggregate genetic liability are robustly associated with STB, but have seldom been evaluated in conjunction with one another. Furthermore, whether these factors are effective predictors in high-risk populations is not clear. METHODS Analyses were conducted in a sample of Han Chinese women with severe recurrent major depressive disorder (maximum N = 4380). Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations between divorce/separation and polygenic scores (PGS) for suicidal ideation or behavior with STB. Where appropriate, additive interactions between divorce and PGS were tested. RESULTS Divorce/separation was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts (odds ratios = 1.28-1.61). PGS for suicidal ideation were not associated with STB, while PGS for suicidal behavior were associated with ideation and plans (odds ratios = 1.08-1.09). There were no significant interactions between divorce/separation and PGS. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with theories of suicidality, the disruption or end of an important interpersonal relationship is an indicator of risk for STB. Aggregate genetic liability for suicidal behavior more modestly contributes to risk, but does not exacerbate the negative impact of divorce. Thus, even within a high-risk sample, interpersonal and biological exposures distinguish between those who do and do not experience STB, and could motivate targeted screening. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether and how the context of divorce contributes to variation in its effect on STB risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mallory E Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samona EA, Chowdury A, Kopchick J, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Amirsadri A, Haddad L, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. The importance of covert memory consolidation in schizophrenia: Dysfunctional network profiles of the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111805. [PMID: 38447230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Altered brain network profiles in schizophrenia (SCZ) during memory consolidation are typically observed during task-active periods such as encoding or retrieval. However active processes are also sub served by covert periods of memory consolidation. These periods are active in that they allow memories to be recapitulated even in the absence of overt sensorimotor processing. It is plausible that regions central to memory formation like the dlPFC and the hippocampus, exert network signatures during covert periods. Are these signatures altered in patients? The question is clinically relevant because real world learning and memory is facilitated by covert processing, and may be impaired in schizophrenia. Here, we compared network signatures of the dlPFC and the hippocampus during covert periods of a learning and memory task. Because behavioral proficiency increased non-linearly, functional connectivity of the dlPFC and hippocampus [psychophysiological interaction (PPI)] was estimated for each of the Early (linear increases in performance) and Late (asymptotic performance) covert periods. During Early periods, we observed hypo-modulation by the hippocampus but hyper-modulation by dlPFC. Conversely, during Late periods, we observed hypo-modulation by both the dlPFC and the hippocampus. We stitch these results into a conceptual model of network deficits during covert periods of memory consolidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Samona
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - John Kopchick
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liao C, Cao X, Iyer SS, Schauman S, Zhou Z, Yan X, Chen Q, Li Z, Wang N, Gong T, Wu Z, He H, Zhong J, Yang Y, Kerr A, Grill-Spector K, Setsompop K. High-resolution myelin-water fraction and quantitative relaxation mapping using 3D ViSTa-MR fingerprinting. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2278-2293. [PMID: 38156945 PMCID: PMC10997479 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a high-resolution whole-brain multi-parametric quantitative MRI approach for simultaneous mapping of myelin-water fraction (MWF), T1, T2, and proton-density (PD), all within a clinically feasible scan time. METHODS We developed 3D visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)-MRF, which combined ViSTa technique with MR fingerprinting (MRF), to achieve high-fidelity whole-brain MWF and T1/T2/PD mapping on a clinical 3T scanner. To achieve fast acquisition and memory-efficient reconstruction, the ViSTa-MRF sequence leverages an optimized 3D tiny-golden-angle-shuffling spiral-projection acquisition and joint spatial-temporal subspace reconstruction with optimized preconditioning algorithm. With the proposed ViSTa-MRF approach, high-fidelity direct MWF mapping was achieved without a need for multicompartment fitting that could introduce bias and/or noise from additional assumptions or priors. RESULTS The in vivo results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed acquisition and reconstruction framework to provide fast multi-parametric mapping with high SNR and good quality. The in vivo results of 1 mm- and 0.66 mm-isotropic resolution datasets indicate that the MWF values measured by the proposed method are consistent with standard ViSTa results that are 30× slower with lower SNR. Furthermore, we applied the proposed method to enable 5-min whole-brain 1 mm-iso assessment of MWF and T1/T2/PD mappings for infant brain development and for post-mortem brain samples. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we have developed a 3D ViSTa-MRF technique that enables the acquisition of whole-brain MWF, quantitative T1, T2, and PD maps at 1 and 0.66 mm isotropic resolution in 5 and 15 min, respectively. This advancement allows for quantitative investigations of myelination changes in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Liao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Cao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Srinivasan Iyer
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Schauman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhitao Li
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ting Gong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Wu
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongjian He
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kerr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kawin Setsompop
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weinstein ER, Chen YO, Maya D, Saber R, Harkness A. Factors associated with meningitis vaccine awareness and engagement among Latino men who have sex with men in South Florida. J Behav Med 2024; 47:446-457. [PMID: 38581595 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Awareness and uptake of the meningitis vaccine remains low among marginalized groups, such as Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM), potentially due to structural and psychosocial barriers in accessing preventative healthcare. The current study explored awareness and uptake of meningitis vaccines among a group of LMSM (N = 99) living in South Florida. A three-pronged variable selection approach was utilized prior to conducting regression models (linear and logistic). Overall, 48.5% of the participants reported little to no knowledge about meningitis vaccines, and 20.2% reported being vaccinated. Living with HIV (OR = 10.48) and time since outbreak (OR = 1.03) were significant predictors of meningitis vaccine uptake. No significant correlates of meningitis vaccine awareness were identified. More research is needed to identify other important factors associated with meningitis vaccine awareness and uptake among LMSM, a multiple marginalized group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Maya
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Rana Saber
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Valorous Health Innovation, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pereira S, Castellani LN, Kowalchuk C, Alganem K, Zhang X, Ryan WG, Singh R, Wu S, Au E, Asgariroozbehani R, Agarwal SM, Giacca A, Mccullumsmith RE, Hahn MK. Olanzapine's effects on hypothalamic transcriptomics and kinase activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106987. [PMID: 38340539 PMCID: PMC10947847 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic that disrupts metabolism and is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The hypothalamus is a key region in the control of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. The objective of the current study was to determine how acute peripheral olanzapine administration affects transcription and serine/threonine kinase activity in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus samples from rats were collected following the pancreatic euglycemic clamp, thereby allowing us to study endpoints under steady state conditions for plasma glucose and insulin. Olanzapine stimulated pathways associated with inflammation, but diminished pathways associated with the capacity to combat endoplasmic reticulum stress and G protein-coupled receptor activity. These pathways represent potential targets to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients taking antipsychotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Khaled Alganem
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - William G Ryan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Sally Wu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Au
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roshanak Asgariroozbehani
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert E Mccullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; ProMedica, Neuroscience Institute, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Plate RC, Powell T, Bedford R, Smith TJ, Bamezai A, Wedderburn Q, Broussard A, Soesanto N, Swetlitz C, Waller R, Wagner NJ. Social threat processing in adults and children: Faster orienting to, but shorter dwell time on, angry faces during visual search. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13461. [PMID: 38054265 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention to emotional signals conveyed by others is critical for gleaning information about potential social partners and the larger social context. Children appear to detect social threats (e.g., angry faces) faster than non-threatening social signals (e.g., neutral faces). However, methods that rely on behavioral responses alone are limited in identifying different attentional processes involved in threat detection or responding. To address this question, we used a visual search paradigm to assess behavioral (i.e., reaction time to select a target image) and attentional (i.e., eye-tracking fixations, saccadic shifts, and dwell time) responses in children (ages 7-10 years old, N = 42) and adults (ages 18-23 years old, N = 46). In doing so, we compared behavioral responding and attentional detection and engagement with threatening (i.e., angry and fearful faces) and non-threatening (i.e., happy faces) social signals. Overall, children and adults were faster to detect social threats (i.e., angry faces), but spent a smaller proportion of time dwelling on them and had slower behavioral responses. Findings underscore the importance of combining different measures to parse differences between processing versus responding to social signals across development. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Children and adults are slower to select angry faces when measured by time to mouse-click but faster to detect angry faces when measured by time to first eye fixation. The use of eye-tracking addresses some limitations of prior visual search tasks with children that rely on behavioral responses alone. Results suggest shorter time to first fixation, but subsequently, shorter duration of dwell on social threat in children and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rista C Plate
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tralucia Powell
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Tim J Smith
- Creative Computing Institute, University of the Arts London, London, UK
| | - Ankur Bamezai
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Quentin Wedderburn
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis Broussard
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Natasha Soesanto
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Caroline Swetlitz
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Nicholas J Wagner
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Enriquez R, Homsi M, Ssekubugu R, Nabukalu D, Zeebari Z, Marrone G, Gigante B, Chang LW, Reynolds SJ, Nalugoda F, Ekström AM, Hagström H, Nordenstedt H. Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in south Central Uganda: A cross-sectional survey. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:1111-1121. [PMID: 38459720 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous risk factors and serious consequences, little is known about metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at population level in Africa. AIM The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD in people living with and without HIV in Uganda. METHODS We collected data from 37 communities in South Central Uganda between May 2016 and May 2018. We estimated MASLD prevalence using the fatty liver index and advanced liver fibrosis using the dynamic aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio. We collected additional data on sociodemographics, HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between HIV, CVD risk factors and MASLD. RESULTS We included 759 people with HIV and 704 HIV-negative participants aged 35-49. MASLD prevalence was 14% in women and 8% in men; advanced liver fibrosis prevalence was estimated to be <1%. MASLD prevalence was more common in women (15% vs. 13%) and men (9% vs. 6%) with HIV. Being female (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.3) was associated with a higher odds of MASLD after adjustment for confounders; HIV infection was borderline associated with MASLD (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-2.0). CONCLUSIONS In a relatively young cohort in Uganda, 14% of women and 8% of men had MASLD. There was an indication of an association between HIV and MASLD in multivariable analysis. These data are the first to describe the population-level burden of MASLD in sub-Saharan Africa using data from a population-based cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Enriquez
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Homsi
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Zangin Zeebari
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Gaetano Marrone
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Larry W Chang
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Anna Mia Ekström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Venhälsan, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Unit of Hepatology, Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Nordenstedt
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qian M, Covey DF. A unified total synthesis route to 18-trideuterated and/or 19-trideuterated testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone. Steroids 2024; 205:109391. [PMID: 38437943 PMCID: PMC10981554 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A unified total synthesis route has been used to prepare 18- and 19-trideuterated testosterone, androstenedione and progesterone. The 18-trideuterated steroid synthetic method starts with the synthesis of 2-(methyl-d3)-1,3-cyclopentanedione from CD3I and 1,3-cyclopentanedione and is subsequently converted into the Hajos-Parrish ketone for synthesis of these trideuterated steroids. The 19-trideuterated steroid synthesis proceeds through non-deuterated Hajos-Parrish ketone with incorporation of the 19-methyl-d3 group from CD3I at a later stage of the same synthetic route. Utilization of CD3I at both the initial and later stages of the synthesis provides a route to 18,19-hexadeuterated steroids. The deuterated steroids are useful for studies of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Qian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Edgar EV, Richards A, Castagna PJ, Bloch MH, Crowley MJ. Post-event rumination and social anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:87-97. [PMID: 38518572 PMCID: PMC11018455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Post-event rumination, the extent to which one engages in persistent, detailed, and negative thinking following social situations, serves as a risk process in the pathophysiology of social anxiety. Although a substantial body of research has assessed post-event rumination and social anxiety, this literature has produced inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether the magnitude of the association between post-event rumination and social anxiety varied as a function of questionnaire and/or task utilized. We included all studies reporting a correlation between post-event rumination and social anxiety symptomatology. Fisher's z correlation coefficients were calculated through random-effect meta-analyses. Results indicated a moderate association between post-event rumination and social anxiety symptomatology (r = 0.45, p < 0.001, 95%CI [0.40-0.50]). Subgroup meta-analyses indicated that the type of questionnaire used to assess post-event rumination (Q = 44.36, df = 3, p < 0.001) and social anxiety (Q = 26.44, df = 8, p < 0.001), as well as the task conducted prior to assessing post-event rumination (Q = 14.31, df = 2, p < 0.001), influenced the effect size. This study demonstrates a moderate relation between post-event rumination and social anxiety across the anxiety spectrum, illustrating the importance of treatments specifically targeting post-event rumination. Moreover, we highlight the importance of taking care when designing studies to explore relations between post-event rumination and social anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Edgar
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ashlyn Richards
- Department of Psychology, Sewanee the University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Peter J Castagna
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang L, Wang L, Yu M, Wu R, Steffens DC, Potter GG, Liu M. Hybrid representation learning for cognitive diagnosis in late-life depression over 5 years with structural MRI. Med Image Anal 2024; 94:103135. [PMID: 38461654 PMCID: PMC11016377 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a highly prevalent mood disorder occurring in older adults and is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment (CI). Studies have shown that LLD may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the heterogeneity of presentation of geriatric depression suggests that multiple biological mechanisms may underlie it. Current biological research on LLD progression incorporates machine learning that combines neuroimaging data with clinical observations. There are few studies on incident cognitive diagnostic outcomes in LLD based on structural MRI (sMRI). In this paper, we describe the development of a hybrid representation learning (HRL) framework for predicting cognitive diagnosis over 5 years based on T1-weighted sMRI data. Specifically, we first extract prediction-oriented MRI features via a deep neural network, and then integrate them with handcrafted MRI features via a Transformer encoder for cognitive diagnosis prediction. Two tasks are investigated in this work, including (1) identifying cognitively normal subjects with LLD and never-depressed older healthy subjects, and (2) identifying LLD subjects who developed CI (or even AD) and those who stayed cognitively normal over five years. We validate the proposed HRL on 294 subjects with T1-weighted MRIs from two clinically harmonized studies. Experimental results suggest that the HRL outperforms several classical machine learning and state-of-the-art deep learning methods in LLD identification and prediction tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 27600, China; Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Minhui Yu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Rong Wu
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Guy G Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen Y, Zekelman LR, Zhang C, Xue T, Song Y, Makris N, Rathi Y, Golby AJ, Cai W, Zhang F, O'Donnell LJ. TractGeoNet: A geometric deep learning framework for pointwise analysis of tract microstructure to predict language assessment performance. Med Image Anal 2024; 94:103120. [PMID: 38458095 PMCID: PMC11016451 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We propose a geometric deep-learning-based framework, TractGeoNet, for performing regression using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography and associated pointwise tissue microstructure measurements. By employing a point cloud representation, TractGeoNet can directly utilize tissue microstructure and positional information from all points within a fiber tract without the need to average or bin data along the streamline as traditionally required by dMRI tractometry methods. To improve regression performance, we propose a novel loss function, the Paired-Siamese Regression loss, which encourages the model to focus on accurately predicting the relative differences between regression label scores rather than just their absolute values. In addition, to gain insight into the brain regions that contribute most strongly to the prediction results, we propose a Critical Region Localization algorithm. This algorithm identifies highly predictive anatomical regions within the white matter fiber tracts for the regression task. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by predicting individual performance on two neuropsychological assessments of language using a dataset of 20 association white matter fiber tracts from 806 subjects from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset. The results demonstrate superior prediction performance of TractGeoNet compared to several popular regression models that have been applied to predict individual cognitive performance based on neuroimaging features. Of the twenty tracts studied, we find that the left arcuate fasciculus tract is the most highly predictive of the two studied language performance assessments. Within each tract, we localize critical regions whose microstructure and point information are highly and consistently predictive of language performance across different subjects and across multiple independently trained models. These critical regions are widespread and distributed across both hemispheres and all cerebral lobes, including areas of the brain considered important for language function such as superior and anterior temporal regions, pars opercularis, and precentral gyrus. Overall, TractGeoNet demonstrates the potential of geometric deep learning to enhance the study of the brain's white matter fiber tracts and to relate their structure to human traits such as language performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leo R Zekelman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaoyi Zhang
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tengfei Xue
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Song
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikos Makris
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weidong Cai
- School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lauren J O'Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zoupou E, Moore TM, Kennedy KP, Calkins ME, Gorgone A, Sandro AD, Rush S, Lopez KC, Ruparel K, Daryoush T, Okoyeh P, Savino A, Troyan S, Wolf DH, Scott JC, Gur RE, Gur RC. Validation of the structured interview section of the penn computerized adaptive test for neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment (CAT GOASSESS). Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115862. [PMID: 38554493 PMCID: PMC11025108 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale studies and burdened clinical settings require precise, efficient measures that assess multiple domains of psychopathology. Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) can reduce administration time without compromising data quality. We examined feasibility and validity of an adaptive psychopathology measure, GOASSESS, in a clinical community-based sample (N = 315; ages 18-35) comprising three groups: healthy controls, psychosis, mood/anxiety disorders. Assessment duration was compared between the Full and CAT GOASSESS. External validity was tested by comparing how the CAT and Full versions related to demographic variables, study group, and socioeconomic status. The relationships between scale scores and criteria were statistically compared within a mixed-model framework to account for dependency between relationships. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing scores of the CAT and the Full GOASSESS using Pearson correlations. The CAT GOASSESS reduced interview duration by more than 90 % across study groups and preserved relationships to external criteria and demographic variables as the Full GOASSESS. All CAT GOASSESS scales could replace those of the Full instrument. Overall, the CAT GOASSESS showed acceptable psychometric properties and demonstrated feasibility by markedly reducing assessment time compared to the Full GOASSESS. The adaptive version could be used in large-scale studies or clinical settings for intake screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Zoupou
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly P Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alesandra Gorgone
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sage Rush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tarlan Daryoush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Okoyeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Savino
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Troyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Loetscher KB, Goldfarb EV. Integrating and fragmenting memories under stress and alcohol. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100615. [PMID: 38375503 PMCID: PMC10874731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence the way we form memories, particularly the extent to which they are integrated or situated within an underlying spatiotemporal and broader knowledge architecture. These different representations in turn have significant consequences for the way we use these memories to guide later behavior. Puzzlingly, although stress has historically been argued to promote fragmentation, leading to disjoint memory representations, more recent work suggests that stress can also facilitate memory binding and integration. Understanding the circumstances under which stress fosters integration will be key to resolving this discrepancy and unpacking the mechanisms by which stress can shape later behavior. Here, we examine memory integration at multiple levels: linking together the content of an individual experience, threading associations between related but distinct events, and binding an experience into a pre-existing schema or sense of causal structure. We discuss neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying each form of integration as well as findings regarding how stress, aversive learning, and negative affect can modulate each. In this analysis, we uncover that stress can indeed promote each level of integration. We also show how memory integration may apply to understanding effects of alcohol, highlighting extant clinical and preclinical findings and opportunities for further investigation. Finally, we consider the implications of integration and fragmentation for later memory-guided behavior, and the importance of understanding which type of memory representation is potentiated in order to design appropriate interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth V. Goldfarb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, USA
- National Center for PTSD, West Haven VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stephenson M, Ohlsson H, Lannoy S, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Edwards AC. Clarifying the relationship between physical injuries and risk for suicide attempt in a Swedish national sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:389-403. [PMID: 38414134 PMCID: PMC10987261 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide proposes that capability for suicide is acquired through exposure to painful and provocative events (PPEs). Although there is robust evidence for a positive association between aggregate measures of PPEs and risk for suicidal behavior, little is known about the contributions of physical injuries. The present study investigated the relationship between injuries and risk of subsequent suicide attempt (SA). METHODS Data were from Swedish population-based registers. All individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 1990 were included (N = 1,011,725 females and 1,067,709 males). We used Cox regression models to test associations between 10 types of injuries (eye injury; fracture; dislocation/sprain/strain; injury to nerves and spinal cord; injury to blood vessels; intracranial injury; crushing injury; internal injury; traumatic amputation; and other or unspecified injuries) and risk for later SA. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for year of birth and parental education. Additional models tested for differences in the pattern of associations based on age group and genetic liability for SA. In co-relative models, we tested the association between each injury type and risk for SA in relative pairs of varying genetic relatedness to control for unmeasured familial confounders. RESULTS All 10 injury types were associated with elevated risk for SA (hazard ratios [HRs] = 1.2-7.0). Associations were stronger in the first year following an injury (HRs = 1.8-7.0), but HRs remained above 1 more than 1 year after injury exposure (HRs = 1.2-2.6). The strength of associations varied across injury type, sex, age, and genetic liability for SA. For example, the magnitude of the association between crushing injury and risk for SA was larger in females than males, whereas other injuries showed a similar pattern of associations across sex. Moreover, there was evidence to support positive additive interaction effects between several injury types and aggregate genetic liability for SA (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 0.1-0.3), but the majority of these interactions became non-significant or changed direction after accounting for comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. In co-relative models, the pattern of associations differed by injury type, such that there was evidence to support a potential causal effect of eye injury, fracture, dislocation/sprain/strain, intracranial injury, and other and unspecified injuries on risk for SA. For the remaining injury types, HRs were not significantly different from 1 in monozygotic twins, which is consistent with confounding by familial factors. CONCLUSIONS Injuries are associated with increased risk for subsequent SA, particularly in the first year following an injury. While genetic and familial environmental factors may partly explain these associations, there is also evidence to support a potential causal effect of several injury types on future risk for SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Verinumbe T, Lesko CR, Moore RD, Fojo AT, Keruly J, Snow LN, Hutton H, Chander G, Pytell JD, Falade-Nwulia O. The association of changes in depression severity after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and viral nonsuppression among people with HIV. AIDS 2024; 38:887-894. [PMID: 38170505 PMCID: PMC10997444 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to characterize changes in depressive symptom severity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association of these changes with HIV viral nonsuppression among people with HIV (PWH). DESIGN A clinical cohort study. METHODS We included PWH in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8) prepandemic (1 March 2018 to 28 February 2020) and during the COVID-era (1 September 2020 to 28 February 2022). PWH were classified according to depression severity categories prepandemic and during the COVID-era as: consistently depressed (prepandemic PHQ-8 >4 and no change in severity category); consistently nondepressed (prepandemic PHQ-8 ≤4 and no change in severity category); worsened (changed to a higher severity category) and; improved (change to a lower severity category). The association between changes in depressive symptom severity and viral nonsuppression (HIV RNA >200 copies/ml on the earliest viral load measured 7 days before to 12 months after the COVID-era PHQ-8 survey) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Of 793 PWH, mean age was 56 (SD 10) years, 60% were male individuals and 88% were Black. After the onset of the pandemic, 60% were consistently nondepressed, 9% were consistently depressed, 15% worsened and 16% improved. PWH who worsened had 2.47 times the odds of viral nonsuppression (95% CI: 1.09-5.55) compared with the nondepressed group. Associations among other groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Worsening depression during the COVID-era was associated with HIV viral nonsuppression. Strategies to monitor and address depression among PWH may contribute to reduced risk of viral nonsuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarfa Verinumbe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine R Lesko
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard D Moore
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anthony T Fojo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeanne Keruly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - LaQuita N Snow
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Heidi Hutton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jarratt D Pytell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hoyniak CP, Whalen DJ, Luby JL, Barch DM, Miller JP, Zhao P, Triplett RL, Ju YE, Smyser CD, Warner B, Rogers CE, Herzog ED, England SK. Sleep and circadian rhythms during pregnancy, social disadvantage, and alterations in brain development in neonates. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13456. [PMID: 37902111 PMCID: PMC10997484 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women in poverty may be especially likely to experience sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances, which may have downstream effects on fetal neurodevelopment. However, the associations between sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances, social disadvantage during pregnancy, and neonatal brain structure remains poorly understood. The current study explored the association between maternal sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy and neonatal brain outcomes, examining sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances as a mediator of the effect of social disadvantage during pregnancy on infant structural brain outcomes. The study included 148 mother-infant dyads, recruited during early pregnancy, who had both actigraphy and neuroimaging data. Mothers' sleep was assessed throughout their pregnancy using actigraphy, and neonates underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging in the first weeks of life. Neonatal structural brain outcomes included cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter, and white matter volumes along with a measure of the total surface area of the cortex. Neonates of mothers who experienced greater inter-daily deviations in sleep duration had smaller total cortical gray and white matter volumes and reduced cortical surface areas. Neonates of mothers who had higher levels of circadian misalignment and later sleep timing during pregnancy showed smaller subcortical gray matter volumes. Inter-daily deviations in sleep duration during pregnancy mediated the association between maternal social disadvantage and neonatal structural brain outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of regularity and rhythmicity in sleep schedules during pregnancy and bring to light the role of chronodisruption as a potential mechanism underlying the deleterious neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal adversity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Social disadvantage was associated with sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy, including later sleep schedules, increased variability in sleep duration, circadian misalignment, and a higher proportion of the sleep period spent awake. Maternal sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy were associated with decreased brain volume and reduced cortical surface area in neonates. Maternal inter-daily deviations in sleep duration during pregnancy mediated the association between social disadvantage and neonatal brain volume and cortical surface area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P Hoyniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Diana J Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - J Philip Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Regina L Triplett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Yo-El Ju
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Barbara Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Sarah K England
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reilly EE, Gorrell S, Johnson C, Duffy A, Blalock DV, Mehler P, Johnson M, Le Grange D, Rienecke RD. Characterising use of recovery record among a large, transdiagnostic sample of adults with eating disorders across higher levels of care. Euro Eating Disorders Rev 2024; 32:404-416. [PMID: 37997259 PMCID: PMC10994750 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smartphone applications (i.e., apps) designed to target mental health symptoms have received increasing public and empirical attention, including in eating disorder|eating disorders (EDs) treatment. While some data have begun to characterise app users in non-controlled settings, there is limited information on use of apps in higher levels of care (e.g., partial hospitalisation or residential treatment programs) for EDs. METHOD This study aimed to explore metrics of use while in treatment for a commonly used ED-focused mobile app (Recovery Record) among individuals enroled in intensive outpatient, partial hospitalisation, residential, or inpatient treatments (N = 2042). RESULTS Results indicated that older individuals and participants with binge eating disorder demonstrated more frequent app engagement compared to younger participants and other ED diagnoses, respectively. Individuals entering at intensive outpatient and partial hospitalisation levels of care, as well as those with routine discharges engaged more frequently with RR compared to individuals entering in inpatient or residential treatment, and those with non-routine discharges. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide initial descriptions of how RR may be used within higher levels of care for adults with EDs. Further work is needed to establish the benefit of these apps in clinical settings for EDs over and above standard treatment, better characterise for whom these apps provide benefit, and identify how best to tailor the experience to promote engagement across the full spectrum of ED patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig Johnson
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan Duffy
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dan V Blalock
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Acute Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Madelyn Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago (Emeritus), Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Renee D Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ku BS, Barrera Flores FJ, Congdon P, Yuan Q, Druss BG. The association between county-level mental health provider shortage areas and suicide rates in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 88:48-50. [PMID: 38492445 PMCID: PMC10999330 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior literature has shown that mental health provider Health Professional Shortage Areas (MHPSAs) experienced a greater increase in suicide rates compared to non-shortage areas from 2010 to 2018. Although suicide rates have been on the rise, rates have slightly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to characterize the differences in suicide rate trends during the pandemic by MHPSA status. METHOD We used generalized estimating equation regression to test the associations between MHPSA status and suicide rates from 2018 to 2021. Suicide deaths were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research. RESULTS MHPSA status was associated with higher suicide rates (adjusted IRR:1.088 [95% CI, 1.024-1.156]). Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between MHPSA status and year (adjusted IRR:1.056 [95% CI, 1.022-1.091]), such that suicide rates did not significantly change among MHPSAs but slightly decreased among non-MHPSAs from 2018 to 2021. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a slight decrease in suicide rates among non-MHPSAs, while those with shortages experienced no significant changes in suicide rates. It will be important to closely monitor MHPSAs as continued at-risk regions for suicide as trendlines return to their pre-pandemic patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Peter Congdon
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin G Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Radix AE, Schechter L, Harris AB, Goldstein Z. Gender-Affirming Care for Older Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults. Clin Geriatr Med 2024; 40:261-271. [PMID: 38521597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, it is estimated that 0.3% of Americans aged 65 and older, or almost 172,000 individuals, identify as transgender. Aging comes with a unique set of challenges and experiences for this population, including health care disparities, mental health concerns, and social isolation. It is crucial for clinicians to use a patient-centered and trauma-informed care approach to address their specific needs and provide evidence-based quality health care, including preventive screenings, mental health support, and advocating for legal protections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa E Radix
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, 356 West 18th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA.
| | - Loren Schechter
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 758, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alexander B Harris
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, 356 West 18th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Zil Goldstein
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, 356 West 18th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA; CUNY School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 West 125TH Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meng ML, Fuller M, Federspiel JJ, Engelhard M, McNeil A, Ernst L, Habib AS, Shah SH, Quist-Nelson J, Raghunathan K, Ohnuma T, Krishnamoorthy V. Maternal Morbidity According to Mode of Delivery Among Pregnant Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:1011-1019. [PMID: 37192132 PMCID: PMC10651791 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pulmonary hypertension have a high risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. It is unknown if a trial of labor carries a lower risk of morbidity in these patients compared to a planned cesarean delivery. The objective of this study was to examine the association of delivery mode with severe maternal morbidity events during delivery hospitalization among patients with pulmonary hypertension. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the Premier inpatient administrative database. Patients delivering ≥25 weeks gestation from January 1, 2016, to September 30, 2020, and with pulmonary hypertension were included. The primary analysis compared intended vaginal delivery (ie, trial of labor) to intended cesarean delivery (intention to treat analysis). A sensitivity analysis was conducted comparing vaginal delivery to cesarean delivery (as treated analysis). The primary outcome was nontransfusion severe maternal morbidity during the delivery hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included blood transfusion (4 or more units) and readmission to the delivery hospital within 90 days from discharge from delivery hospitalization. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 727 deliveries. In the primary analysis, there was no difference in nontransfusion morbidity between intended vaginal delivery and intended cesarean delivery groups (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-1.15). In secondary analyses, intended cesarean delivery was not associated with blood transfusion (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.34-1.50) or readmission within 90 days (aOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.32-1.14). In the sensitivity analysis, cesarean delivery was associated with a 3-fold higher risk of nontransfusion morbidity compared to vaginal delivery (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.54-3.93), a 3-fold higher risk of blood transfusion (aOR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.17-7.99), and a 2-fold higher risk of readmission within 90 days (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.09-4.46) compared to vaginal delivery. CONCLUSIONS Among pregnant patients with pulmonary hypertension, a trial of labor was not associated with a higher risk of morbidity compared to an intended cesarean delivery. One-third of patients who required an intrapartum cesarean delivery had a morbidity event, demonstrating the increased risk of adverse events in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew Fuller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jerome J. Federspiel
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew Engelhard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashley McNeil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liliane Ernst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashraf S Habib
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Johanna Quist-Nelson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarpal DK, Cole ES, Gannon JM, Li J, Adair DK, Chengappa KNR, Donohue JM. Variation of Clozapine Use for Treatment of Schizophrenia: Evidence from Pennsylvania Medicaid and Dually Eligible Enrollees. Community Ment Health J 2024; 60:743-753. [PMID: 38294579 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
While clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, it remains underutilized across the United States, warranting a more comprehensive understanding of variation in use at the county level, as well as characterization of existing prescribing patterns. Here, we examined both Medicaid and Medicare databases to (1) characterize temporal and geographic variation in clozapine prescribing and, (2) identify patient-level characteristics associated with clozapine use. We included Medicaid and Fee for Service Medicare data in the state of Pennsylvania from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2019. We focused on individuals with continuous enrollment, schizophrenia diagnosis, and multiple antipsychotic trials. Geographic variation was examined across counties of Pennsylvania. Regression models were constructed to determine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with clozapine use. Out of 8,255 individuals who may benefit from clozapine, 642 received treatment. We observed high medication burden, overall, including multiple antipsychotic trials. We also identified variation in clozapine use across regions in Pennsylvania with a disproportionate number of prescribers in urban areas and several counties with no identified clozapine prescribers. Finally, demographic, and clinical determinants of clozapine use were observed including less use in people identified as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, or with a substance use disorder. In addition, greater medical comorbidity was associated with increased clozapine use. Our work leveraged both Medicaid and Medicare data to characterize and surveil clozapine prescribing. Our findings support efforts monitor disparities and opportunities for the optimization of clozapine within municipalities to enhance clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Evan S Cole
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Gannon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dale K Adair
- Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - K N Roy Chengappa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie M Donohue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mehta R, Hochberg M, Shardell M, Ryan A, Dong Y, Beamer BA, Peer J, Stuart EA, Schuler M, Gallo JJ, Rathbun AM. Evaluation of Dynamic Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Physical Function in Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024; 76:673-681. [PMID: 38200641 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess how changes in depressive symptoms influence physical function over time among those with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with radiographic knee OA (n = 2,212) and complete data were identified at baseline. Depressive symptoms were assessed as a time-varying score at baseline and the first three annual follow-up visits using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Scale. Physical function was measured at the first four follow-up visits using 20-meter gait speed meters per second. The following two marginal structural models were fit: one assessing the main effect of depressive symptoms on gait speed and another assessing time-specific associations. RESULTS Time-adjusted results indicated that higher CES-D scores were significantly associated with slower gait speed (-0.0048; 95% confidence interval -0.0082 to -0.0014), and time-specific associations of CES-D were largest during the first follow-up interval (-0.0082; 95% confidence interval -0.0128 to -0.0035). During subsequent follow-up time points, the influence of depressive symptoms on gait speed diminished. CONCLUSION The negative effect of depressive symptoms on physical function may decrease over time as knee OA progresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Hochberg
- University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore
| | | | - Alice Ryan
- University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore
| | - Yu Dong
- University of Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Brock A Beamer
- University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore
| | - Jason Peer
- University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Furman BW, Craighead WE, Mayberg HS, Mletzko T, Nemeroff CB, Dunlop BW. The utility of measuring daily hassles and uplifts in understanding outcomes to treatments for major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115859. [PMID: 38574700 PMCID: PMC11015958 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of common daily experiences in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The Daily Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HUPS) was assessed in 142 treatment-naïve adult MDD outpatients randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with either antidepressant medication (ADM) or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Three HUPS measures were analyzed: hassle frequency (HF), uplift frequency (UF), and the mean hassle intensity to mean uplift intensity ratio (MHI:MUI). Remission after treatment was not predicted by these baseline HUPS measures and did not moderate outcomes by treatment type. In contrast, HUPS measures significantly changed with treatment and were impacted by remission status. Specifically, HF and MHI:MUI decreased and UF increased from baseline to week 12, with remission leading to significantly greater decreases in HF and MHI:MUI compared to non-remission. ADM-treated patients demonstrated significant improvements on all three HUPS measures regardless of remission status. In contrast, remitters to CBT demonstrated significant improvements in HF and MHI:MUI but not UF; among CBT non-remitters the only significant change was a reduction in HF. The changes in HUPS measures are consistent with how affective biases are impacted by treatments and support the potential value of increasing attention to positive events in CBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - W Edward Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tanja Mletzko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang G, Garrett DR, Simmons AM, Kiat JE, Luck SJ. Evaluating the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection in event-related potential research. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14511. [PMID: 38165059 PMCID: PMC11021170 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Eyeblinks and other large artifacts can create two major problems in event-related potential (ERP) research, namely confounds and increased noise. Here, we developed a method for assessing the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection methods in minimizing these two problems. We then used this method to assess a common artifact minimization approach, in which independent component analysis (ICA) is used to correct ocular artifacts, and artifact rejection is used to reject trials with extreme values resulting from other sources (e.g., movement artifacts). This approach was applied to data from five common ERP components (P3b, N400, N170, mismatch negativity, and error-related negativity). Four common scoring methods (mean amplitude, peak amplitude, peak latency, and 50% area latency) were examined for each component. We found that eyeblinks differed systematically across experimental conditions for several of the components. We also found that artifact correction was reasonably effective at minimizing these confounds, although it did not usually eliminate them completely. In addition, we found that the rejection of trials with extreme voltage values was effective at reducing noise, with the benefits of eliminating these trials outweighing the reduced number of trials available for averaging. For researchers who are analyzing similar ERP components and participant populations, this combination of artifact correction and rejection approaches should minimize artifact-related confounds and lead to improved data quality. Researchers who are analyzing other components or participant populations can use the method developed in this study to determine which artifact minimization approaches are effective in their data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhang
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - David R Garrett
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aaron M Simmons
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - John E Kiat
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yimsaard P, Mootz JJ, Rungnirundorn T, Janamnuaysook R, Samitpol K, Phanuphak N, Wainberg ML. Assessing the acceptability of implementing a Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment for alcohol use among transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand: A mixed-method pre-implementation study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Addiction 2024; 119:863-874. [PMID: 38168887 PMCID: PMC11009091 DOI: 10.1111/add.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Health inequities related to alcohol use exist for transgender individuals. While the Thailand Ministry of Public Health recently published a clinical guideline to implement a Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) in primary care, there has been no study regarding transgender women's (TGW) alcohol use and the acceptability of implementing SBIRT in a Thai context, a gap this study aimed to fill. DESIGN A mixed-method approach was used. In the first phase, TGW service users and health-care providers (HCPs) completed a survey on the acceptability of prospective implementation of SBIRT. TGW service users completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C). In the second phase, TGW service users, HCPs, clinic administrators and national-level alcohol, HIV and transgender health policymakers participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. SETTING The Tangerine Clinic, a transgender-led sexual health clinic in Bangkok, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS In the first phase, TGW service users (n = 100) and HCP (n = 8) were surveyed. In the second phase, 22 stakeholders (n = 10 TGW service users; n = 8 HCP; n = 1 clinic administrator; n = 3 policymakers) were interviewed. MEASUREMENTS Simple proportions were calculated for each survey item. Differences in acceptability by various demographic factors were calculated using univariate analysis. The qualitative data were coded using thematic analysis and a deductive approach. The results were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains and constructs. The quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated to expand understanding. FINDINGS Fifty per cent of the TGW participants exhibited problematic drinking levels (AUDIT-C ≥ 4). Implementing SBIRT was highly acceptable, as more than 95% of participants reported agreeing or completely agreeing to receive SBIRT for alcohol use. Barriers, such as complexity, time constraint and lack of knowledge and skills, were anticipated. Adaptability, such as tailoring the content of brief intervention to suit TGW health needs and SBIRT to fit with existing clinic procedures, might facilitate successful implementation. CONCLUSION Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for alcohol use has the potential to be successfully implemented in transgender-led sexual health clinic settings, with some adaptations to overcome anticipated barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pongkwan Yimsaard
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jennifer J. Mootz
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teerayuth Rungnirundorn
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rena Janamnuaysook
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Transgender Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kritima Samitpol
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Transgender Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiang H, Zhang X, Zhang C, Lu R, Zhou C, Ouyang L, Xing H, Vermund SH, Shao Y, Ruan Y, Wu G, Qian HZ. Trends of HIV, hepatitis C virus and syphilis seroprevalence among injection and non-injection drug users in southwestern China, 2010-2017. AIDS Care 2024; 36:612-617. [PMID: 33345591 PMCID: PMC10767711 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1856320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: The primary risk of HIV transmission in China has shifted from injecting drug use (IDU) to sexual contact since 2006. We evaluated the prevalence trends of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and sexual and drug use behaviors among drug users. Methods: People who use drugs participated in any of four rounds of cross-sectional surveys during 2010-2017 in Chongqing. Participants were tested for HIV, HCV, and syphilis. Questionnaire interviewing was conducted to collect behavioral information. Chi-square and trend tests were employed to assess the changes in diseases and behaviors over time. Results: A total of 8,171 people who inject drugs (PWID) and 5,495 non-injection drug users (NIDU) were included in the analyses. HIV prevalence among PWID in four rounds of the survey in 2010-11, 2012-13, 2014-15, and 2016-17 was 11.5%, 9.7%, 6.5%, and 6.9%, and among NIDU, 2.4%, 1.4%, 2.1% and 2.6%, respectively. HCV prevalence among PWID was 83.5%, 85.2%, 67.1% and 79.7% (P < 0.001), and among NIDU, 22.2%, 10.8%, 13.4% and 14.8%, (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The declining HIV and HCV prevalence among PWID is coincident with declining risky drug use behaviors. Tailored disease prevention and interventions targeting PWID and NIDU are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hehong Jiang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rongrong Lu
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ouyang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiming Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohui Wu
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-Zhu Qian
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Damme KSF, Hernandez JJ, Mittal VA. The impact of menarche on hippocampal mechanisms of severity of psychotic-like experiences in the ABCD study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106961. [PMID: 38335828 PMCID: PMC10947826 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that estrogens play an important modulatory role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. Estrogens come online within a dynamic developmental context of emerging psychopathology and neurodevelopment. As a result, estradiol (the primary form of estrogen) may influence psychosis lability directly or indirectly through its neurodevelopmental influence on estrogens-sensitive areas like the hippocampus. Understanding this influence may provide novel insight into mechanisms of psychosis lability. This study included baseline and year 2 timepoints from 4422 female participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (age 8-13), who varied in estradiol availability (pre-menarche, post-menarche, pre- and post-menarche timepoints). Estradiol availability was related to psychotic-like experiences (PLE) severity both directly and as an interactive effect with hippocampal connectivity using menarche status (pre/post) in a multilevel model. PLE severity was highest in individuals with early menarche emphasizing the importance of the developmental timing. Although PLE severity decreased over time in the sample, it stayed clinically-relevant over 2 years. Lower hippocampal connectivity was related to elevated PLE severity. This effect was moderated by estradiol; before the availability of estradiol (pre-menarche), lower hippocampal connectivity significantly contributed to the PLE severity, but when estradiol was available (post-menarche) hippocampal dysconnectivity did not account for PLE severity. This moderation suggests that the estrodiol's influence on hippocampal plasticity also reduced the mechanistic role of the hippocampus on PLE severity. Further, the lack of a significant direct reduction of PLE severity post-menarche, may suggest an increased role for other interacting psychosis lability factors during this critical developmental period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Joanna J Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jia C, Gill WD, Lovins C, Brown RW, Hagg T. Astrocyte focal adhesion kinase reduces passive stress coping by inhibiting ciliary neurotrophic factor only in female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100621. [PMID: 38516563 PMCID: PMC10955429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have been implicated in stress responses and produce ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which we have shown in the mouse medial amygdala (MeA) to promote passive stress coping response only in females. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) upregulates CNTF expression. Here, we found that inducible knockout of FAK in astrocytes or systemic treatment with an FAK inhibitor increased passive coping behavior, i.e., immobility, in an acute forced swim stress test in female, but not male, mice. Strikingly, four weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) did not further increase passive coping in female astrocytic FAK knockout mice, whereas it exacerbated it in female wildtype mice and male mice of both genotypes. These data suggest that astrocyte FAK inhibition is required for chronic stress-induced passive coping in females. Indeed, CUS reduced phospho-FAK and increased CNTF in the female MeA. Progesterone treatment after ovariectomy activated amygdala FAK and alleviated ovariectomy-induced passive coping in wildtype, but not astrocytic FAK knockout females. This suggests that progesterone-mediated activation of FAK in astrocytes reduces female stress responses. Finally, astrocytic FAK knockout or FAK inhibitor treatment increased CNTF expression in the MeA of both sexes, although not in the hippocampus. As mentioned, MeA CNTF promotes stress responses only in females, which may explain the female-specific role of astrocytic FAK inhibition. Together, this study reveals a novel female-specific progesterone-astrocytic FAK pathway that counteracts CNTF-mediated stress responses and points to opportunities for developing treatments for stress-related disorders in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - W. Drew Gill
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Chiharu Lovins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yuan NY, Medders KE, Sanchez AB, Shah R, de Rozieres CM, Ojeda-Juárez D, Maung R, Williams R, Gelman BB, Baaten BJ, Roberts AJ, Kaul M. A critical role for Macrophage-derived Cysteinyl-Leukotrienes in HIV-1 induced neuronal injury. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:149-166. [PMID: 38423397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or activated by its envelope protein gp120 exert neurotoxicity. We found previously that signaling via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) is essential to the neurotoxicity of HIVgp120-stimulated MΦ. However, the associated downstream pathways remained elusive. Here we show that cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT) released by HIV-infected or HIVgp120 stimulated MΦ downstream of p38 MAPK critically contribute to neurotoxicity. SiRNA-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK deprives MΦ of CysLT synthase (LTC4S) and, pharmacological inhibition of the cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) protects cerebrocortical neurons against toxicity of both gp120-stimulated and HIV-infected MΦ. Components of the CysLT pathway are differentially regulated in brains of HIV-infected individuals and a transgenic mouse model of NeuroHIV (HIVgp120tg). Moreover, genetic ablation of LTC4S or CysLTR1 prevents neuronal damage and impairment of spatial memory in HIVgp120tg mice. Altogether, our findings suggest a novel critical role for cysteinyl-leukotrienes in HIV-associated brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Y Yuan
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Medders
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ana B Sanchez
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Rohan Shah
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Cyrus M de Rozieres
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Daniel Ojeda-Juárez
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ricky Maung
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Roy Williams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0419 USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0419 USA.
| | - Bas J Baaten
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Marcus Kaul
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zalta AK, Voigt RM, Stevens SK, Held P, Raeisi S, Boley RA, Keshavarzian A, Pollack MH. Brain derived neurotrophic factor and treatment outcomes among veterans attending an intensive treatment program for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:1-5. [PMID: 38437783 PMCID: PMC11018453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play an important role in the success of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pre- and post-treatment blood samples were analyzed for 40 veterans who completed a 3-week intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD. The treatment included Cognitive Processing Therapy, mindfulness, and yoga as core treatment components. PTSD symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up. Participants reported large decreases in PTSD symptoms from pre-to post-treatment (d = 1.46, p < 0.001) and pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (d = 0.91, p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, participants demonstrated a decrease in BDNF from pre-to post-treatment (d = 0.64, p < 0.001). Changes in BDNF from pre-to post-treatment were not significantly associated with PTSD symptom improvement. However, higher levels of post-treatment BDNF were significantly associated with lower PTSD symptoms at 3-month follow-up (n = 27, r = -0.57, p = 0.002) and greater improvements in PTSD symptoms from pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (n = 27, r = 0.50, p = 0.008). Higher levels of post-treatment BDNF may facilitate the long-term success of intensive PTSD treatment. Further research with larger samples is needed to evaluate the processes by which BDNF may affect consolidation of improvements after completion of PTSD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah K Stevens
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cheung RW, Austerberry C, Fearon P, Hayiou-Thomas ME, Leve LD, Shaw DS, Ganiban JM, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhieser JM, Reiss D. Disentangling genetic and environmental influences on early language development: The interplay of genetic propensity for negative emotionality and surgency, and parenting behavior effects on early language skills in an adoption study. Child Dev 2024; 95:699-720. [PMID: 37947162 PMCID: PMC11023813 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Parenting and children's temperament are important influences on language development. However, temperament may reflect prior parenting, and parenting effects may reflect genes common to parents and children. In 561 U.S. adoptees (57% male) and their birth and rearing parents (70% and 92% White, 13% and 4% African American, and 7% and 2% Latinx, respectively), this study demonstrated how genetic propensity for temperament affects language development, and how this relates to parenting. Genetic propensity for negative emotionality inversely predicted language at 27 months (β = -.15) and evoked greater maternal warmth (β = .12), whereas propensity for surgency positively predicted language at 4.5 years (β = .20), especially when warmth was low. Parental warmth (β = .15) and sensitivity (β = .19) further contributed to language development, controlling for common gene effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe Austerberry
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Leslie D Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jody M Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Misaki N Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jenae M Neiderhieser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Forcelli PA, LaFlamme EM, Waguespack HF, Saunders RC, Malkova L. Hippocampal lesions impair non-navigational spatial memory in macaques. Hippocampus 2024; 34:261-275. [PMID: 38516827 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Decades of studies robustly support a critical role for the hippocampus in spatial memory across a wide range of species. Hippocampal damage produces clear and consistent deficits in allocentric spatial memory that requires navigating through space in rodents, non-human primates, and humans. By contrast, damage to the hippocampus spares performance in most non-navigational spatial memory tasks-which can typically be resolved using egocentric cues. We previously found that transient inactivation of the hippocampus impairs performance in the Hamilton Search Task (HST), a self-ordered non-navigational spatial search task. A key question, however, still needs to be addressed. Acute, reversible inactivation of the hippocampus may have resulted in an impairment in the HST because this approach does not allow for neuroplastic compensation, may prevent the development of an alternative learning strategy, and/or may produce network-based effects that disrupt performance. We compared learning and performance on the HST in male rhesus macaques (six unoperated control animals and six animals that underwent excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampus). We found a significant impairment in animals with hippocampal lesions. While control animals improved in performance over the course of 45 days of training, performance in animals with hippocampal lesions remained at chance levels. The HST thus represents a sensitive assay for probing the integrity of the hippocampus in non-human primates. These data provide evidence demonstrating that the hippocampus is critical for this type of non-navigational spatial memory, and help to reconcile the many null findings previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elyssa M LaFlamme
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hannah F Waguespack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard C Saunders
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ludise Malkova
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Malgaroli M, Hull TD, Calderon A, Simon NM. Linguistic markers of anxiety and depression in Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Observational study of a digital intervention. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:133-137. [PMID: 38336165 PMCID: PMC10947071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (SSRD), including chronic pain, result in frequent primary care visits, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diminished quality of life. Treatment access remains limited due to structural barriers and functional impairment. Digital delivery offers to improve access and enables transcript analysis via Natural Language Processing (NLP) to inform treatment. Therefore, we investigated asynchronous message-delivered SSRD treatment, and used NLP methods to identify symptom reduction markers from emotional valence. METHODS 173 individuals diagnosed with SSRD received interventions from licensed therapists via messaging 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 from baseline every three weeks. Symptoms trajectories were identified using unsupervised random forest clustering. Emotional valence expressed and use of emotional words were extracted from patients' de-identified transcripts, respectively using VADER and NCR Lexicon. Valence differences were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS Two subpopulations were identified showing symptoms Improvement (n = 72; 41.62 %) and non-response (n = 101; 58.38 %). Improvement patients expressed more positive valence in the first week of treatment (OR = 1.84, CI: 1.12-3.02; p = .015) and were less likely to express negative valence by the end of treatment (OR = 0.05; CI: 0.30-0.83; p = .008). Non-response patients used more negative valence words, including pain. LIMITATIONS Findings were derived from observational data obtained during an ecological intervention, without the inclusion of a control group. CONCLUSIONS NLP identified linguistic markers distinguishing changes in anxiety and depression symptoms over treatment. Digital interventions offer new forms of delivery and provide the opportunity to automatically collect data for linguistic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Malgaroli
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Thomas D Hull
- Research and Development, Talkspace, New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Adam Calderon
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Carpenter JK, Pineles SL, Griffin MG, Pandey S, Werner K, Kecala NM, Resick PA, Galovski TE. Heart rate reactivity during trauma recall as a predictor of treatment outcome in cognitive processing therapy for PTSD. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104519. [PMID: 38503205 PMCID: PMC10999335 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Emotional engagement when recollecting a trauma memory is considered a key element of effective trauma-focused therapy. Research has shown that reduced physiological reactivity during trauma recall is associated with worse treatment outcomes for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but this has yet to be examined in a cognitively oriented treatment. This study examined whether pretreatment heart rate (HR) reactivity during trauma recall predicts PTSD symptom improvement and treatment dropout during Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for PTSD. Participants were 142 women with PTSD secondary to interpersonal violence enrolled in one of two clinicals trials. HR reactivity reflected the mean increase in HR after listening to two 30-s scripts of the trauma memory prior to treatment. Linear mixed-effects models showed the effect of HR reactivity on change in total PTSD symptoms was not significant, but lower HR reactivity predicted less improvement in reexperiencing and avoidance and was associated with increased dropout. Findings suggest pretreatment physiological reactivity to the trauma memory may be a prognostic indicator of some elements of treatment response in CPT. Results tentatively support the importance of emotional activation during trauma recall in cognitive treatment of PTSD, though more research is needed to clarify how low HR reactivity impacts treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Carpenter
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Suzanne L Pineles
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Griffin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Shivani Pandey
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Werner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Natalia M Kecala
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Patricia A Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tara E Galovski
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Oboho IK, Esber AL, Dear N, Paulin HN, Iroezindu M, Bahemana E, Kibuuka H, Owuoth J, Maswai J, Shah N, Crowell TA, Ake JA, Polyak CS. Advanced HIV disease in East Africa and Nigeria, in The African Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 96:51-60. [PMID: 38427929 PMCID: PMC11008437 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) may decrease progression to advanced HIV disease (AHD) with CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter or clinical sequelae. We assessed factors associated with AHD among people living with HIV before and during the "test and treat" era. SETTING The African Cohort Study prospectively enrolls adults with and without HIV from 12 clinics in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria. METHODS Enrollment evaluations included clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter at study visits. RESULTS From 2013 to 2021, 3059 people living with HIV with available CD4 at enrollment were included; median age was 38 years [interquartile range: 30-46 years], and 41.3% were men. From 2013 to 2021, the prevalence of CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter decreased from 10.5% to 3.1%, whereas the percentage on ART increased from 76.6% to 100% ( P <0.001). Factors associated with higher odds of CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter were male sex (adjusted odds ratio 1.56 [confidence interval: 1.29 to 1.89]), being 30-39 years (1.42 [1.11-1.82]) or older (compared with <30), have World Health Organization stage 2 disease (1.91 [1.48-2.49]) or higher (compared with stage 1), and HIV diagnosis eras 2013-2015 (2.19 [1.42-3.37]) or later (compared with <2006). Compared with ART-naive, unsuppressed participants, being viral load suppressed on ART, regardless of ART duration, was associated with lower odds of CD4 count of <200 cells per cubic millimeter (<6 months on ART: 0.45 [0.34-0.58]). CONCLUSION With ART scale-up, AHD has declined. Efforts targeting timely initiation of suppressive ART may further reduce AHD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikwo K. Oboho
- HIV Care and Treatment Branch, Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Allahna L. Esber
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (HJF) for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicole Dear
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (HJF) for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | - Heather N. Paulin
- HIV Care and Treatment Branch, Division of Global HIV and TB, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Iroezindu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- HJF Medical Research International, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Bahemana
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- HJF Medical Research International, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Owuoth
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate–Africa, Kisumu, Kenya
- HJF Medical Research International, Kisumu, Kenya; and
| | - Jonah Maswai
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate–Africa, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Neha Shah
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Trevor A. Crowell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (HJF) for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie A. Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Christina S. Polyak
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (HJF) for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|