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Shekhar S, Bali A. Method validation and characterization of stress degradation products of azelastine hydrochloride using LC-UV/PDA and LC-Q/TOF-MS studies. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2024; 38:e9712. [PMID: 38351666 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Azelastine HCl is a second-generation H1 -receptor antagonist approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis and non-allergic vasomotor rhinitis. This study encompasses the validation of a liquid chromatography-ultra violet photo diode array (LC-UV/PDA) method for the drug and its extension to liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS) studies for identification and characterization of various stress degradation products of the drug. METHODS Stress degradation of azelastine HCl was undertaken under the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) prescribed conditions of hydrolytic, photolytic, oxidative, and thermal stress. The degraded drug solutions were analyzed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) employing a C18 (100 × 4.6 mm; 2.6 μ, Kinetex) column by isocratic elution. Detection wavelength was 241 nm. The degradation products were identified and characterized using UPLC-MS/TOF studies, and an attempt was made to isolate one of the degradation products by solvent extraction. RESULTS The drug was found to significantly degrade under acidic/alkaline/neutral photolytic, oxidative, and alkaline hydrolytic conditions. Six degradation products (I-VI) were identified through LC-Q/TOF-MS studies that were adequately resolved from the drug with the developed UPLC method. All degradation products (I-VI) were ionized in the total ion chromatogram (TIC) in the LC-MS studies, and these were identified and characterized, and the degradation pathway of the drug was postulated. One of the oxidation products isolated from the degraded drug solution was characterized through differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. CONCLUSIONS Six degradation products generated from stress degradation studies on azelastine HCl were adequately resolved through LC-UV/PDA studies followed by method validation. These were successfully identified and characterized through LC-Q/TOF-MS studies, and the degradation pathways for the generation of these products from the drug have been postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shekhar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bali
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Rais A, Sharma S, Mishra P, Khan LA, Prasad T. Biocompatible carbon quantum dots as versatile imaging nanotrackers of fungal pathogen - Candida albicans. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:671-688. [PMID: 38426561 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The development of carbon quantum dots (C-QDs) as nanotrackers to understand drug-pathogen interactions, virulence and multidrug resistance. Methods: Microwave synthesis of C-QDs was performed using citric acid and polyethylene glycol. Further, in vitro toxicity was evaluated and imaging applications were demonstrated in Candida albicans isolates. Results: Well-dispersed, ultra small C-QDs exhibited no cyto/microbial/reactive oxygen species-mediated toxicity and internalized effectively in Candida yeast and hyphal cells. C-QDs were employed for confocal imaging of drug-sensitive and -resistant cells, and a study of the yeast-to-hyphal transition using atomic force microscopy in Candida was conducted for the first time. Conclusion: These biocompatible C-QDs have promising potential as next-generation nanotrackers for in vitro and in vivo targeted cellular and live imaging, after functionalization with biomolecules and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Rais
- Special Centre for Nano Science & AIRF, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Luqman Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Special Centre for Nano Science & AIRF, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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3
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Bhattacharya I, Sharma SS, Majumdar SS. Etiology of Male Infertility: an Update. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:942-965. [PMID: 38036863 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process of germ cell division and differentiation that involves extensive cross-talk between the developing germ cells and the somatic testicular cells. Defective endocrine signaling and/or intrinsic defects within the testes can adversely affect spermatogenic progression, leading to subfertility/infertility. In recent years, male infertility has been recognized as a global public health concern, and research over the last few decades has elucidated the complex etiology of male infertility. Congenital reproductive abnormalities, genetic mutations, and endocrine/metabolic dysfunction have been demonstrated to be involved in infertility/subfertility in males. Furthermore, acquired factors like exposure to environmental toxicants and lifestyle-related disorders such as illicit use of psychoactive drugs have been shown to adversely affect spermatogenesis. Despite the large body of available scientific literature on the etiology of male infertility, a substantial proportion of infertility cases are idiopathic in nature, with no known cause. The inability to treat such idiopathic cases stems from poor knowledge about the complex regulation of spermatogenesis. Emerging scientific evidence indicates that defective functioning of testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) may be an underlying cause of infertility/subfertility in males. Sc plays an indispensable role in regulating spermatogenesis, and impaired functional maturation of Sc has been shown to affect fertility in animal models as well as humans, suggesting abnormal Sc as a potential underlying cause of reproductive insufficiency/failure in such cases of unexplained infertility. This review summarizes the major causes of infertility/subfertility in males, with an emphasis on infertility due to dysregulated Sc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Periye Campus, Kasaragod, 671320, Kerala, India.
| | - Souvik Sen Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India.
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, GIFT City, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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4
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Sundaram SS, Kannan A, Chintaluri PG, Sreekala AGV, Nathan VK. Thermostable bacterial L-asparaginase for polyacrylamide inhibition and in silico mutational analysis. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00493-y. [PMID: 38519776 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The L-asparaginase (ASPN) enzyme has received recognition in various applications including acrylamide degradation in the food industry. The synthesis and application of thermostable ASPN enzymes is required for its use in the food sector, where thermostable enzymes can withstand high temperatures. To achieve this goal, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the hot springs of Tapovan for screening the production of thermostable ASPN enzyme. Thus, ASPN with a maximal specific enzymatic activity of 0.896 U/mg and a molecular weight of 66 kDa was produced from the isolated bacteria. The kinetic study of the enzyme yielded a Km value of 1.579 mM and a Vmax of 5.009 µM/min with thermostability up to 100 min at 75 °C. This may have had a positive indication for employing the enzyme to stop polyacrylamide from being produced. The current study has also been extended to investigate the interaction of native and mutated ASPN enzymes with acrylamide. This concluded that the M10 (with 10 mutations) has the highest protein and thermal stability compared to the wild-type ASPN protein sequence. Therefore, in comparison to a normal ASPN and all other mutant ASPNs, M10 is the most favorable mutation. This research has also demonstrated the usage of ASPN in food industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aravind Kannan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratham Gour Chintaluri
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar Nathan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Priya M, Muthukumaran B. Membraneless ethanol fuel cell Pt-Sn-Re nano active catalyst on a mesoporous carbon support. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9646-9655. [PMID: 38525066 PMCID: PMC10958457 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report, for the first-time, mesoporous carbon-supported binary and ternary catalysts with different atomic ratios of Pt/MC (100), Pt-Sn/MC (50 : 50), Pt-Re/MC (50 : 50), Pt-Sn-Re/MC (80 : 10 : 10) and Pt-Sn-Re/MC (80 : 115 : 05) prepared using a co-impregnation reduction method as anode components for membraneless ethanol fuel cells (MLEFLs). Mechanistic and structural insights into binary Pt-Sn/MC, Pt-Re/MC and ternary Pt-Sn-Re/MC catalysts were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) methods. In particular, chemical characterization via cyclic voltammetry, CO stripping voltammetry and chronoamperometry indicated that Pt-Sn-Re/MC (80 : 15 : 05) had better dynamics toward ethanol oxidation than Pt-Sn-Re/MC (80 : 10 : 10), Pt-Sn/MC (50 : 50) and Pt-Re/MC (50 : 50) catalysts. In terms of the single cell performance of the prepared catalysts, Pt-Sn-Re/MC (80 : 15 : 05) (31.5 mW cm-2) showed a higher power density and current density than Pt-Sn-Re/MC(80 : 10 : 10), Pt-Re/MC (50 : 50) and Pt-Sn/MC (50 : 50) at room temperature. The addition of Re into the binary Pt-Sn catalyst improved its electrical performance for ethanol oxidation in a membraneless ethanol fuel cell. As a result, the ternary-based Pt-Sn-Re/MC (80 : 15 : 05) catalyst demonstrated enhanced performance compared to monometallic and bimetallic catalysts in the ethanol oxidation reaction in a membraneless fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Priya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies Chennai Tamilnadu India
| | - B Muthukumaran
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 005 India
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6
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Kaur B, Kaur R, Vivesh, Rani S, Bhatti R, Singh P. Small Peptides Targeting BACE-1, AChE, and A-β Reversing Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment: A Multitarget Approach against Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Omega 2024; 9:12896-12913. [PMID: 38524457 PMCID: PMC10955571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Based on the biochemical understanding of Alzheimer's disease, here, we report the design, synthesis, and biological screening of a series of compounds against this neuro-disorder. Adopting the multitarget approach, the catalytic processes of BACE-1 and AChE were targeted, and thereby, compounds 15, 22, 25, 26, 27, and 30 were identified with IC50 in the submicromolar range against these two enzymes. Further, compounds 15 and 25 displayed more than 50% inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation. Implying their physiological use, the compounds exhibited appreciable biological membrane permeability as observed through the parallel artificial membrane permeability experiment. Supporting these results, treatment of the mice with the test compounds reversed their scopolamine-affected memory impairment, where the highest healing effect was seen in the case of compound 25. Overall, the combination of molecular modeling and experimental studies provided highly effective molecules against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljit Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Vivesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Sudesh Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev
University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Palwinder Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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7
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Sahu C, Jena G. Combination treatment of zinc and selenium intervention ameliorated BPA-exposed germ cell damage in SD rats: elucidation of molecular mechanisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03044-4. [PMID: 38498059 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used environmental toxicant, is easily exposed to the human body and causes testicular damage, sperm abnormalities, DNA damage and apoptosis, and interferes in the process spermatogenesis and steroidal hormone production along with obstruction in testes and epididymis development. Zinc (Zn), a potent regulator of antioxidant balance, is responsible for cellular homeostasis, enzymes and proteins activities during spermatogenesis for cell defence mechanisms in the testes. Selenium (Se) is required for spermatogenesis, antioxidant action and in the activities of different selenoproteins. Both Zn and Se are essential simultaneously for the proper regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation as well as protection against chemical and disease-associated germ cell toxicity. Thus, the study aimed to understand the importance and beneficial effect of Zn and Se co-treatment against BPA-exposed testicular damage in rats. BPA 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was exposed through an oral gavage. Zn (3 mg/kg/day) i.p. and Se (0.5 mg/kg/day) i.p. were injected for 8 weeks. The testicular toxicity was evaluated by measuring body and organs weight, biochemical investigations, sperm parameters, testicular and epididymal histopathology, quantification DNA damage by halo assay, DNA breaks (TUNEL assay), immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results revealed that Zn and Se co-treatment ameliorated BPA-associated male gonadal toxicity in rat as revealed by decreased SGPT, SGOT and BUN levels in serum, reduced testes and epididymis tissue injury, DNA breaks, apoptosis, expressions of 8-OHdG, γ-H2AX and NFκB with an increased serum testosterone and catalase levels. These findings suggest that Zn and Se co-treatment could be a beneficial and protective option against BPA-exposed testicular and epididymal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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8
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Parmar MP, Vala DP, Bhalodiya SS, Upadhyay DB, Patel CD, Patel SG, Gandholi SR, Shaik AH, Miller AD, Nogales J, Banerjee S, Padrón JM, Amri N, Kandukuri NK, Patel HM. A green bio-organic catalyst (taurine) promoted one-pot synthesis of ( R/ S)-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine(TDHPM)-5-carboxanilides: chiral investigations using circular dichroism and validation by computational approaches. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9300-9313. [PMID: 38505382 PMCID: PMC10949965 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the massive importance of dihydropyrimidine (DHPMs) scaffolds in the pharmaceutical industry and other areas, we developed an effective and sustainable one-pot reaction protocol for the synthesis of (R/S)-2-thioxo-DHPM-5-carboxanilides via the Biginelli-type cyclo-condensation reaction of aryl aldehydes, thiourea and various acetoacetanilide derivatives in ethanol at 100 °C. In this protocol, taurine was used as a green and reusable bio-organic catalyst. Twenty-three novel derivatives of (R/S)-TDHPM-5-carboxanilides and their structures were confirmed by various spectroscopy techniques. The aforementioned compounds were synthesized via the formation of one asymmetric centre, one new C-C bond, and two new C-N bonds in the final product. All the newly synthesized compounds were obtained in their racemic form with up to 99% yield. In addition, the separation of the racemic mixture of all the newly synthesized compounds was carried out by chiral HPLC (Prep LC), which provided up to 99.99% purity. The absolute configuration of all the enantiomerically pure isomers was determined using a circular dichroism study and validated by a computational approach. With up to 99% yield of 4d, this one-pot synthetic approach can also be useful for large-scale industrial production. One of the separated isomers (4R)-(+)-4S developed as a single crystal, and it was found that this crystal structure was orthorhombic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul P Parmar
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Disha P Vala
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Savan S Bhalodiya
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Dipti B Upadhyay
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Chirag D Patel
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Subham G Patel
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
| | - Srinivasa R Gandholi
- YMC Application Lab Plot No. 78/A/6, Phase VI, Industrial Park Jeedimetla, Gajularamaram Village, Quthbullapur, Medchal Hyderabad-500055 Telangana India
| | - Althaf H Shaik
- YMC Application Lab Plot No. 78/A/6, Phase VI, Industrial Park Jeedimetla, Gajularamaram Village, Quthbullapur, Medchal Hyderabad-500055 Telangana India
| | - Amy Dunne Miller
- Department of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee Dundee UK
| | - Joaquina Nogales
- Department of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee Dundee UK
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee Dundee UK
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Nasser Amri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University P.O. Box 2097 Jazan 45142 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagesh Kumar Kandukuri
- YMC Application Lab Plot No. 78/A/6, Phase VI, Industrial Park Jeedimetla, Gajularamaram Village, Quthbullapur, Medchal Hyderabad-500055 Telangana India
| | - Hitendra M Patel
- P. G. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University Near University Circle, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120 Gujarat India
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Khan T, Waseem R, Shahid M, Ansari J, Hassan MI, Shamsi A, Islam A. Understanding the Modulation of α-Synuclein Fibrillation by N-Acetyl Aspartate: A Brain Metabolite. ACS Omega 2024; 9:12262-12271. [PMID: 38496993 PMCID: PMC10938311 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) fibrillation is a prominent contributor to neuronal deterioration and plays a significant role in the advancement of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Considering this, the exploration of novel compounds that can inhibit or modulate the aggregation of α-Syn is a topic of significant research. This study, for the first time, elucidated the effect of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a brain osmolyte, on α-Syn aggregation using spectroscopic and microscopic approaches. Thioflavin T (ThT) assay revealed that a lower concentration of NAA inhibits α-Syn aggregation, whereas higher concentrations of NAA accelerate the aggregation. Further, this paradoxical effect of NAA was complemented by ANS, RLS, and the turbidity assay. The secondary structure transition was more pronounced at higher concentrations of NAA by circular dichroism, corroborating the fluorescence spectroscopic observations. Confocal microscopy also confirmed the paradoxical effect of NAA on α-Syn aggregation. Interaction studies including fluorescence quenching and molecular docking were employed to determine the binding affinity and critical residues involved in the α-Syn-NAA interaction. The explanation for this paradoxical nature of NAA could be a solvophobic effect. The results offer a profound understanding of the modulatory mechanism of α-Syn aggregation by NAA, thereby suggesting the potential role of NAA at lower concentrations in therapeutics against α-Syn aggregation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Khan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashid Waseem
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre
of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman346, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Bhat AM, Hussain A, Hassan QP, Bhat A. Culturable Streptomyces spp. from high-altitude, oligotrophic North Western Himalaya: a comprehensive study on the diversity, bioactivity and insights into the proteome of potential species. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae026. [PMID: 38439700 PMCID: PMC10950047 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and shortage of new antimicrobials necessitates exploring untapped terrestrial environments for new bioactive microbiome diversity. The low-temperature and oligotrophic North Western Himalaya (NWH) region has a vast diversity of Streptomyces with potential antimicrobial properties that remain largely unexplored. This study evaluates the diversity of culturable Streptomyces from high-altitude NWH and their potential as a source of new antimicrobials through genus-specific isolation and identification. The results demonstrate a distinct phylogenetic clustering of Streptomyces from different sampling regions of NWH, site-specific variation in culturable β-diversity and species commonness with varying intersite bioactivity among different sites. Further, the study optimized the media selection for large-scale culture cultivation in antibiotic production processes and demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of Streptomyces against a range of pathogens through in vitro bioassays using minimum inhibitory concentration determination and antibiofilm activity. Untargeted label-free proteomic profiling also revealed variable expression of stress-response proteins and antibiotic regulators as a competitive survival strategy for selective antagonistic Streptomyces. The findings highlight the potential of NWH in augmenting antimicrobial discovery and combating antimicrobial resistance through the isolation and study of novel bioactive Streptomyces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasif Majeed Bhat
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir-190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Aehtesham Hussain
- NCMR-National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Sanatnagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir-190005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Adil Bhat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Vijayan D, Girindran R, Sam AS, Sathyan AR, Kaechele H. The large-scale expansion of rubber plantations in southern India: major impacts and the changing nature of drivers. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:356. [PMID: 38467961 PMCID: PMC10927887 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the major environmental and socio-economic impacts of an increase in the area of rubber plantations and the changing patterns of drivers of land use changes. Using a combination of geospatial techniques and socio-economic methods, we mainly analyzed the rate of increase in area under rubber plantations, the major impacts of land use changes, and the changing drivers of land use changes. Our results show that the area under rubber plantations has increased significantly within the study area, with the area under rubber plantations increasing from 30 to 74% of the total area within five decades. Impact assessment of land use changes based on household surveys showed significant improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the farmers, however, at the expense of severe environmental degradation. Our results also indicate that while areas under rubber plantations continue to increase, the drivers of land use changes have changed over time. Furthermore, it has been observed that in the past, many interventions prioritized social and economic development and placed less emphasis on the ecological stability of the region. Perceptions of farmers revealed that the effects of ecological fragility already affected the economic robustness of the whole area. Therefore, we conclude that government interventions to support additional rubber cultivation should also focus on ecosystem stabilization in order to minimize the risk of an ecological catastrophe that would significantly affect the economic prosperity of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Vijayan
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Renoy Girindran
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2, UK
| | - Anu Susan Sam
- Kerala Agricultural University, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kumarakom, Kerala, 686563, India
| | | | - Harald Kaechele
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstrasse 5, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany
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12
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Tatu A, Dutta S, Thaker M. Hotter deserts and the impending challenges for the Spiny-tailed Lizard in India. Biol Open 2024:bio.060150. [PMID: 38466074 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to climate change, especially those living in extreme areas, such as deserts, where species are already thermally constrained. Using the vulnerable herbivorous lizard, Saara hardwickii, as a model system, we used a multi-pronged approach to understand the thermal ecology of a desert agamid and potential impacts of rising temperatures. Our data included field-based measures of operative temperatures, body temperatures, and activity, as well as lab-based measures of thermal limits, preferences, and sprint speed. As expected, the temperature dependence of locomotor performance and foraging activity were different, and in the worst-case global warming scenario (SSP5-8.5), potential sprint speed may decrease by up to 14.5% and foraging activity may decrease by up to 43.5% by 2099. Burrows are essential thermal refuges, and global warming projections suggest that S. hardwickii may be restricted to burrows for up to 9 hours per day by 2099, which would greatly limit critical activities, like foraging and seeking mating opportunities. Overall, we show that key information on thermal ecology, including temperature-sensitive behaviours in the wild, is necessary to understand the multiple ways in which increasing temperatures may influence ectothermic vertebrates, especially for species like S. hardwickii that are already vulnerable to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avichal Tatu
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sutirtha Dutta
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Maria Thaker
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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13
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Ekanayake Weeramange C, Tang KD, Irwin D, Hartel G, Langton-Lockton J, Ladwa R, Kenny L, Taheri T, Whitfield B, Vasani S, Punyadeera C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA methylation changes in HPV-associated head and neck cancer. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:140-148. [PMID: 38270218 PMCID: PMC10925951 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the rising incidence, currently, there are no early detection methods for HPV-driven HNC (HPV-HNC). Cervical cancer studies suggest that HPV DNA methylation changes can be used as a biomarker to discriminate cancer patients from HPV-infected individuals. As such, this study was designed to establish a protocol to evaluate DNA methylation changes in HPV late genes and long control region (LCR) in saliva samples of HPV-HNC patients and HPV-positive controls. Higher methylation levels were detected in HPV late genes (L1 and L2) in both tumour and saliva samples of HPV-HNC patients compared with HPV-positive controls. Moreover, methylation patterns between tumours and corresponding saliva samples were observed to have a strong correlation (Passing-Bablok regression analysis; τ = 0.7483, P < 0.0001). Considering the differences between HNC and controls in methylation levels in late genes, and considering primer amplification efficiencies, 13 CpG sites located at L1 and L2 genes were selected for further evaluation. A total of 18 HNC saliva samples and 10 control saliva samples were assessed for the methylation levels in the selected sites. From the CpG sites evaluated statistically significant differences were identified for CpG sites at L2-CpG 6 (P = 0.0004), L1-CpG 3 (P = 0.0144), L1-CpG 2 (P = 0.0395) and L2-CpG 19 (P = 0.0455). Our pilot data indicate that higher levels of DNA methylation in HPV late genes are indicative of HPV-HNC risk, and it is a potential supplementary biomarker for salivary HPV detection-based HPV-HNC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chameera Ekanayake Weeramange
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Science, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kai Dun Tang
- EDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Darryl Irwin
- Agena Bioscience, Bowen Hills, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Cancer Care Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department of Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Touraj Taheri
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Bernard Whitfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Alexandra and Logan Hospitals, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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14
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Mondal S. β-D-Glucopyranose-silver+ (1:1) complex as a small gas molecule scavenger. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38459681 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In this article, density functional theory computations at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level are reported to unveil the type of bonding between β-D-glucopyranose-silver ion (1:1) complex ([Ag(C6 H12 O6 )]+ ) and seven gas molecules, namely, H2 , C2 H2 , C2 H4 , CO, N2 , NO and O2 . Moreover, the relative preference of trapping among these molecules within the sight of Ag metal ion in the complex is explored. The nature of interaction of these small molecules with the [Ag(C6 H12 O6 )]+ ion is studied. Exergonic nature of binding is noted with the metal center for all the chosen small molecules except O2 . Thermochemical data reveals the binding preference of C2 H4 > C2 H2 > CO > NO > N2 > H2 . Natural bond orbital analysis, contour plot of the Laplacian of electron density, electron density descriptors, and gradient isosurface help in understanding the nature of interactions. Maximum bond formation is noted between the Ag-complex and CO molecule. Assessed energy decomposition analysis discloses the nature of interaction as mainly orbital between the bound small gas molecules and the Ag-complex. Frontier molecular orbital pictures further help in understanding the type of interaction as orbital. To disclose the kinetic stability of the gas molecule bound Ag complexes an ab initio molecular dynamics study is done at different temperatures up to 2 ps. These studies help in understanding the type of adsorption. Calculated conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) based reactivity descriptors corroborate well with results. β-D-glucopyranose-silver ion (1:1) complex may be used as small gas molecule scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Mondal
- Department of Education, A. M. School of Educational Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Dash S, Joshi S, Pankajam AV, Shinohara A, Nishant KT. Heterozygosity alters Msh5 binding to meiotic chromosomes in the baker's yeast. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad214. [PMID: 38124392 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers are initiated from programmed DNA double-strand breaks. The Msh4-Msh5 heterodimer is an evolutionarily conserved mismatch repair-related protein complex that promotes meiotic crossovers by stabilizing strand invasion intermediates and joint molecule structures such as Holliday junctions. In vivo studies using homozygous strains of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SK1) show that the Msh4-Msh5 complex associates with double-strand break hotspots, chromosome axes, and centromeres. Many organisms have heterozygous genomes that can affect the stability of strand invasion intermediates through heteroduplex rejection of mismatch-containing sequences. To examine Msh4-Msh5 function in a heterozygous context, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis in a rapidly sporulating hybrid S. cerevisiae strain (S288c-sp/YJM789, containing sporulation-enhancing QTLs from SK1), using SNP information to distinguish reads from homologous chromosomes. Overall, Msh5 localization in this hybrid strain was similar to that determined in the homozygous strain (SK1). However, relative Msh5 levels were reduced in regions of high heterozygosity, suggesting that high mismatch densities reduce levels of recombination intermediates to which Msh4-Msh5 binds. Msh5 peaks were also wider in the hybrid background compared to the homozygous strain (SK1). We determined regions containing heteroduplex DNA by detecting chimeric sequence reads with SNPs from both parents. Msh5-bound double-strand break hotspots overlap with regions that have chimeric DNA, consistent with Msh5 binding to heteroduplex-containing recombination intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dash
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Sameer Joshi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Ajith V Pankajam
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koodali T Nishant
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum 695551, India
- Center for High-Performance Computing, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum 695551, India
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16
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Agrawal G, Sanyal P. Discerning animal-sourced food in diet using isotope analysis of human scalp hair and fingernails. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:409-423. [PMID: 38006443 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet-related diseases are advancing as the leading cause of death globally. As self-reporting of diet by patients can be associated with errors, stable isotopes of human tissues can be used to diagnose diseases, understand physiology, and detect change in diet. This study investigates the effect of type and amount of food on the nitrogen and carbon concentration (Nconc and Cconc) and isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C) in human scalp hair and fingernails. METHODS A total of 100 residents participated in the study whereas only 74 individuals provided complete diet history. Sixty-six food items majorly available to them were also collected. The Nconc, Cconc, δ15N and δ13C values of human hair, nails and food items were determined. RESULTS The Nconc, Cconc, δ15N and δ13C values between plant-sourced and animal-sourced food items, as well as human hair and nail tissue were significantly different (p < 0.05). The δ15N value of human tissues was distinct between lacto-vegetarians and omnivores by 0.9‰. The δ15N and δ13C values of human tissues increased by 0.4-0.5‰ with every 5% increase in the consumption of animal protein. CONCLUSIONS The study helps to demarcate lacto-vegetarians from omnivores, and estimate the percentage of animal protein in diet based on the dual isotope values of human tissues. It also acts as a reference to determine isotopic composition of hair tissue provided the isotope value of nail tissue is known and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Agrawal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Prasanta Sanyal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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17
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Zazay J, Bhat BA, Tak H, Lone AN. Gastrointestinal parasites of the wild ungulates (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla) in the Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:134-140. [PMID: 38440757 PMCID: PMC10908697 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the gastrointestinal parasitic prevalence and intensity of wild ungulates in the Hemis National Park of Ladakh by examining their fresh faecal samples. A total of 327 fresh faecal samples from three wild ungulates, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur (n = 127), Ladakh urial Ovis vignei vignei (n = 110), and Himalayan ibex Ibex siberica (n = 90) were collected between June 2021 and May 2022. The techniques of flotation and sedimentation were used to find parasite eggs and oocysts from the faecal samples. Out of 327 samples examined, 165 samples were infected with gastrointestinal parasites making an overall prevalence of 50.45%. Seven parasitic taxa, including one protozoan (Eimeria spp.), five nematodes (Nematodirus spp., Strongyloides spp., Haemonchus sp., Trichuris sp., and Trichostrongylus spp.), and one cestode (Monezia spp.), were found during the current investigation. Mixed infection was reported in 36 (11%) of the total examined samples. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found to be highest in blue sheep (55.11%), followed by Ladakh urial (49.09%) and Himalayan ibex (45.55%). The highest prevalence was recorded in the summer (64.42%), and the lowest in the winter (33.82%). A significant difference in parasitic prevalence was observed across seasons in each of the three wild ungulate hosts. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of parasites between these hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigmet Zazay
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Bilal A. Bhat
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Hidayatullah Tak
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Arif Nabi Lone
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006 India
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18
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Sahoo A, Dwivedi A, Madheshiya P, Kumar U, Sharma RK, Tiwari S. Insights into the management of food waste in developing countries: with special reference to India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:17887-17913. [PMID: 37271790 PMCID: PMC10239724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to one third of the food that is purposely grown for human sustenance is wasted and never consumed, with adverse consequences for the environment and socio-economic aspects. In India, managing food waste is a significant environmental concern. Food waste output is increasing in Indian cities and towns as a result of the country's urban expansion, modernization, and population growth. Poor management of food waste can have negative consequences for the environment and pose a risk to the public's health issues. This review focuses on the current challenges, management strategies, and future perspectives of food waste management in India. The efficient management of food waste involves a comprehensive study regarding the characterization of food waste and improved waste management methods. In addition, the government policies and rules for managing food waste that is in effect in India are covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuman Sahoo
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akanksha Dwivedi
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Parvati Madheshiya
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Mathur A, Ritu, Chandra P, Das A. Autophagy: a necessary evil in cancer and inflammation. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38390576 PMCID: PMC10879063 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly regulated cellular process, assumes a dual role in the context of cancer. On the one hand, it functions as a crucial homeostatic pathway, responsible for degrading malfunctioning molecules and organelles, thereby maintaining cellular health. On the other hand, its involvement in cancer development and regression is multifaceted, contingent upon a myriad of factors. This review meticulously examines the intricacies of autophagy, from its molecular machinery orchestrated by Autophagy-Related Genes (ATG) initially discovered in yeast to the various modes of autophagy operative within cells. Beyond its foundational role in cellular maintenance, autophagy reveals context-specific functions in processes like angiogenesis and inflammation. Our analysis delves into how autophagy-related factors directly impact inflammation, underscoring their profound implications for cancer dynamics. Additionally, we extend our inquiry to explore autophagy's associations with cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases, illuminating the broader medical relevance of this process. Furthermore, this review elucidates how autophagy contributes to sustaining hallmark cancer features, including stem cell maintenance, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming. Autophagy emerges as a pivotal process that necessitates careful consideration in cancer treatment strategies. To this end, we investigate innovative approaches, ranging from enzyme-based therapies to MTOR inhibitors, lysosomal blockers, and nanoparticle-enabled interventions, all aimed at optimizing cancer treatment outcomes by targeting autophagy pathways. In summary, this comprehensive review provides a nuanced perspective on the intricate and context-dependent role of autophagy in cancer biology. Our exploration not only deepens our understanding of this fundamental process but also highlights its potential as a therapeutic target. By unraveling the complex interplay between autophagy and cancer, we pave the way for more precise and effective cancer treatments, promising better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Ritu
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
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20
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Hoque MM, Islam A. Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological, bacteriological, and overall water quality of the Damodar River, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:18465-18484. [PMID: 38347360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Assessing river water quality is crucial for human and ecological needs because of the deterioration of the river and escalated water pollution under the threats of anthropogenic activities. In order to assess river water quality, the Damodar River water was evaluated from the perspectives of spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological (organic pollution index or OPI and eutrophication index or EI), bacteriological (coliform count and comprehensive bathing water quality index or CBWQI), and overall water quality assessments (water quality index or WQI and comprehensive pollution index or CPI). The OPI reveals that 44.66% of water samples have heavy organic pollution; however, EI depicts that almost all water samples of Damodar River have severe eutrophication, especially in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Moreover, the fecal coliform count and CBWQI indicate the unsuitability of river water for bathing. The overall WQI portrays that 21.56%, 33.59%, and 22.47% of water samples have heavy pollution in pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively. Moreover, 73.39% of water samples have low CPI indicating slight comprehensive pollution. This study also reveals that the pollution level in the Damodar River downstream of the Durgapur barrage is high among the other stations. The major reasons behind the severe contamination of Damodar River water are urban-industrial and agricultural effluents mixing into the river that lead to higher concentrations of BOD, DO, fecal coliform, COD, fluoride TSS, and turbidity in the river water. Thus, this study carries appreciated information on policy recommendations for the different stakeholders of the Damodar River basin including regional planners, agri-engineers, and ecological river engineers for sustainable river management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mofizul Hoque
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gorachand Road, Kolkata, 700 014, West Bengal, India
| | - Aznarul Islam
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gorachand Road, Kolkata, 700 014, West Bengal, India.
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21
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Solanki R, Srivastav AK, Patel S, Singh SK, Jodha B, Kumar U, Patel S. Folate conjugated albumin as a targeted nanocarrier for the delivery of fisetin: in silico and in vitro biological studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7338-7349. [PMID: 38433936 PMCID: PMC10906141 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fisetin (FST), a natural flavonoid compound derived from various fruits and vegetables, including apple, strawberry, and onion, demonstrates potential for a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, including potential anticancer properties. However, challenges such as low bioavailability, poor aqueous solubility, and limited permeability restrict the use of FST in the pharmaceutical sector. Nowadays, targeted nanomedicines have garnered attention to overcome limitations associated with phytochemicals, including FST. In the present study, we have designed and successfully prepared folate-targeted FST nanoparticles (FFNPs). Characterization through DLS and FE-SEM revealed the successful preparation of monodisperse (PDI: 0.117), nanoscale-sized (150 nm), and spherical nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterization including FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA analysis, confirmed the encapsulation of the FST within the Folic acid (FA) - conjugated nanoparticles (CNPs) and revealed its amorphous nature. Molecular docking analysis revealed the strong binding affinity and specific amino acid interactions involved in the BSA-FST-FA complex, suggesting the potential synergistic effect of FST and FA in enhancing the therapeutic activity of the FFANPs. Cytotoxic assessments by the MTT assay, migration assay, AO-EtBr staining assay, colony formation assay, and cellular uptake study demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy, apoptosis induction, and enhanced uptake of FFNPs compared to pure FST. These findings propose prepared FFNPs as a promising targeted drug delivery nanocarrier for effective FST delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | | | - Sejal Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Sanju Kumari Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Bhavana Jodha
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
- Nutrition Biology Department, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh 123031 India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar 382030 India
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Das P, Ashraf GJ, Baishya T, Dua TK, Paul P, Nandi G, Dutta A, Limbu D, Kumar A, Adhikari MD, Dewanjee S, Sahu R. Formulation of silver nanoparticles using Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract and evaluation of their versatile therapeutic applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-02975-9. [PMID: 38421395 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The current research focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Duabanga grandiflora leaf extract. The green synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance band at 453 nm in a UV-Visible analysis. The formulated AgNPs had a diameter of around 99.72 nm with a spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed the bio-reducing potential of phytochemicals present in D. grandiflora, which fundamentally influenced the synthesis of AgNPs. Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses were executed to reveal the physicochemical attributes of the AgNPs. The AgNPs were further investigated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial potential. The DPPH free radical assay revealed the potential radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 76.73 μg/ml) of green synthesized AgNPs. α-Amylase inhibitory assay displayed significant inhibitory potential (IC50 = 162.11 μg/ml) of this starch-breaking enzyme by AgNPs, revealing the antidiabetic potential of AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited potential cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 244.57 µg/ml) against malignant human kidney cells. In addition, AgNPs showed outstanding antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. Interestingly, AgNPs showed cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities at much higher concentrations than radical scavenging and α-amylase inhibitory concentrations. Thus, our finding elaborated the scope of green synthesized AgNPs for diverse therapeutic applications (dose-dependent) for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Gouhar Jahan Ashraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Tania Baishya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
- Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Dua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Paramita Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Gouranga Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Ankita Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Divya Limbu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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23
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Mahato T, Parida BR, Bar S. Assessing tea plantations biophysical and biochemical characteristics in Northeast India using satellite data. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:327. [PMID: 38421498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite advancements in using multi-temporal satellite data to assess long-term changes in Northeast India's tea plantations, a research gap exists in understanding the intricate interplay between biophysical and biochemical characteristics. Further exploration is crucial for precise, sustainable monitoring and management. In this study, satellite-derived vegetation indices and near-proximal sensor data were deployed to deduce various physico-chemical characteristics and to evaluate the health conditions of tea plantations in northeast India. The districts, such as Sonitpur, Jorhat, Sibsagar, Dibrugarh, and Tinsukia in Assam were selected, which are the major contributors to the tea industry in India. The Sentinel-2A (2022) data was processed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and utilized for analyzing tea plantations biochemical and biophysical properties. Leaf chlorophyll (Cab) and nitrogen contents are determined using the Normalized Area Over Reflectance Curve (NAOC) index and flavanol contents, respectively. Biophysical and biochemical parameters of the tea assessed during the spring season (March-April) 2022 revealed that tea plantations located in Tinsukia and Dibrugarh were much healthier than the other districts in Assam which are evident from satellite-derived Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fPAR), including the Cab and nitrogen contents. The Cab of healthy tea plants varied from 25 to 35 µg/cm2. Pearson correlation among satellite-derived Cab and nitrogen with field measurements showed R2 of 0.61-0.62 (p-value < 0.001). This study offered vital information about land alternations and tea health conditions, which can be crucial for conservation, monitoring, and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinath Mahato
- Department of Geoinformatics, School of Natural Resource Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India
- Centre for Environment and Energy Development, Ranchi, 834001, India
| | - Bikash Ranjan Parida
- Department of Geoinformatics, School of Natural Resource Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India.
| | - Somnath Bar
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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24
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Mohanty G, Sanchez-Cardenas C, Paudel B, Tourzani DA, Salicioni AM, Santi CM, Gervasi MG, Pilsner JR, Darszon A, Visconti PE. Differential role of bovine serum albumin and HCO3- in the regulation of GSK3 alpha during mouse sperm capacitation. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae007. [PMID: 38341666 PMCID: PMC10914453 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To become fertile, mammalian sperm are required to undergo capacitation in the female tract or in vitro in defined media containing ions (e.g. HCO3 -, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl-), energy sources (e.g. glucose, pyruvate) and serum albumin (e.g. bovine serum albumin (BSA)). These different molecules initiate sequential and concomitant signaling pathways, leading to capacitation. Physiologically, capacitation induces changes in the sperm motility pattern (e.g. hyperactivation) and prepares sperm for the acrosomal reaction (AR), two events required for fertilization. Molecularly, HCO3 - activates the atypical adenylyl cyclase Adcy10 (aka sAC), increasing cAMP and downstream cAMP-dependent pathways. BSA, on the other hand, induces sperm cholesterol release as well as other signaling pathways. How these signaling events, occurring in different sperm compartments and with different kinetics, coordinate among themselves is not well established. Regarding the AR, recent work has proposed a role for glycogen synthase kinases (GSK3α and GSK3β). GSK3α and GSK3β are inactivated by phosphorylation of residues Ser21 and Ser9, respectively, in their N-terminal domain. Here, we present evidence that GSK3α (but not GSK3β) is present in the anterior head and that it is regulated during capacitation. Interestingly, BSA and HCO3 - regulate GSK3α in opposite directions. While BSA induces a fast GSK3α Ser21 phosphorylation, HCO3 - and cAMP-dependent pathways dephosphorylate this residue. We also show that the HCO3--induced Ser21 dephosphorylation is mediated by hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane potential (Em) and by intracellular pH alkalinization. Previous reports indicate that GSK3 kinases mediate the progesterone-induced AR. Here, we show that GSK3 inhibition also blocks the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin-induced AR, suggesting a role for GSK3 kinases downstream of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ needed for this exocytotic event. Altogether, our data indicate a temporal and biphasic GSK3α regulation with opposite actions of BSA and HCO3 -. Our results also suggest that this regulation is needed to orchestrate the AR during sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Sanchez-Cardenas
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Bidur Paudel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Darya A Tourzani
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ana M Salicioni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Celia M Santi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - María G Gervasi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Pablo E Visconti
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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25
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Ahmad Wagay S, Riaz U, Alam M, Ali R. Evaluation of naked-eye sensing and anion binding studies in meso-fluorescein substituted one-walled calix[4]pyrrole (C4P). RSC Adv 2024; 14:7786-7796. [PMID: 38444971 PMCID: PMC10912976 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08362d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we have design, synthesized and fully characterized a new meso-fluorescein substituted one-walled calix[4]pyrrole (C4P7), obtained from simple and easily available starting materials such as fluorescein, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and pyrrole. The anion sensing studies reveal that the C4P7 system displays selective and sensitive naked-eye sensing towards fluoride, phosphate, and acetate anions with the limit of detection of 4.27 mg L-1, 6.4 mg L-1, and 5.94 mg L-1, respectively. Moreover, the C4P7 receptor displays good results of binding (host-guest, 1 : 1) towards a variety of anions. The 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry was further confirmed by means of Job's plots. TD-DFT calculations showed that the HOMO-LUMO gap decreases in all the complexes (C4P7@anions) in comparison to the free C4P7 system. The authors are of the opinion that this work may provide a good platform to explore calix[4]pyrrole chemistry in the arena of recognition/sensing of biologically significant analytes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafieq Ahmad Wagay
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia Okhla New Delhi 110025 India +91-7011867613
| | - Ufana Riaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University 27707 USA
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia Okhla New Delhi 110025 India +91-7011867613
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26
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Srishti K, Negi O, Hota PK. Recent Development on Copper-Sensor and its Biological Applications: A Review. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03587-y. [PMID: 38416283 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal ion recognition is one of the most prospective research topics in the field of chemical sensors due to its wide range of clinical, biological and environmental applications. In this context, hydrazones are well known compounds that exhibit metal sensing and several biological properties due to the presence of N=CH- bond. Some of the biological properties includes anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activities. Hydrazones are also used as a ligand to detect metal ion as well as to generate metal complexes that exhibit medicinal properties. Thus, in recent years, many attempts were made to develop novel ligands with enhanced metal sensing and medicinal properties. In this review, some of the recent development on the hydrazones and their copper complexes are covered from the last few years from 2015-2023. These includes significance of copper ions, synthesis, biological properties, mechanism and metal sensing properties of some of the copper complexes were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Srishti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Oseen Negi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
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27
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Tomar RS, Rai-Kalal P, Jajoo A. Enhancing bioremediation potential of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus by NaCl for pyrene degradation. Biodegradation 2024:10.1007/s10532-024-10071-8. [PMID: 38416268 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly recognized as promising organisms for bioremediation of organic pollutants. This study investigates the potential of enhancing the bioremediation efficiency of pyrene (PYR), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), through NaCl induced physiological and biochemical alterations in two microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus. Our findings reveal significant improvement in PYR removal when these microalgae were cultivated in the presence of 0.1% NaCl where PYR removal increased from 54 to 74% for C. vulgaris and from 26 to 75% for S. acutus. However, it was observed that NaCl induced stress had varying effects on the two species. While C. vulgaris exhibited increased PYR removal, it experienced reduced growth and biomass production, as well as lower photosynthetic efficiency when exposed to PYR and PYR + NaCl. In contrast, S. acutus displayed better growth and biomass accumulation under PYR + NaCl conditions, making it a more efficient candidate for enhancing PYR bioremediation in the presence of NaCl. In addition to assessing growth and biochemical content, we also investigated stress biomarkers, such as lipid peroxidation, polyphenol and proline contents. These findings suggest that S. acutus holds promise as an alternative microalgae species for PYR removal in the presence of NaCl, offering potential advantages in terms of bioremediation efficiency and ecological sustainability. This study highlights the importance of understanding the physiological and biochemical responses of microalgae to environmental stressors, which can be harnessed to optimize bioremediation strategies for the removal of organic pollutants like PYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Singh Tomar
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India.
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, India
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28
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Khatri S, Bhattacharjee A, Shivay YS, Sharma S. Transplantation of soil from organic field confers disease suppressive ability to conducive soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:112. [PMID: 38416182 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Organic agriculture is a sustainable method of farming, and confers disease-suppressing abilities to disease-conducive soils via specialized soil microbiomes. This study aimed at transforming a disease-conducive soil from a conventional field into disease-suppressive soil by inoculating soil from an organic field previously established as "disease-suppressive". The effectiveness of the transformed soil was established with the model plant wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown under natural conditions, with regard to its potential in inhibiting fungal phytopathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The conducive soil inoculated with the disease-suppressive soil performed better than the control conducive soil in terms of reduced disease severity in plants, improved soil nutrient content, increased activity of hydrolytic enzymes, and increased abundance of structural and functional microbial markers. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the soil microbiome under long-term organic agriculture in transforming disease-conducive soil into disease-suppressive soils. Such practises are simple and easy to implement, and could greatly improve the sustainability and crop yield in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Khatri
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Annapurna Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Yashbir S Shivay
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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29
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Alvi S, Sil A, Maity S, Singh V, Guchhait B, Ali R. C3-Symmetric Indole-Based Truxenes: Design, Synthesis, and Photophysical Studies. ACS Omega 2024; 9:9098-9108. [PMID: 38434898 PMCID: PMC10905574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, truxenes and related polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have engrossed ample interest of the scientific community because of their ease of synthesis, functionalizations, and use as building blocks for the synthesis of fullerene fragments, liquid crystals, larger polyarenes, and C3-tripod materials. In the present work, we have disclosed an ingenious method for the construction of various indolo-truxene hybrid molecules in good yields (52-90%), by means of the acid-catalyzed cotrimerization, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and Fischer indole synthesis, and fully characterized them through the standard spectroscopic techniques. The photophysical properties of the thus-prepared compounds have also been investigated using steady-state absorption and fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Moreover, the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations have been studied to correlate them with the measured photophysical properties of the synthesized indolo-truxene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Alvi
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Arnab Sil
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sayantan Maity
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Vikash Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Biswajit Guchhait
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
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30
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Giri A, Kar S. Interlinked bi-stable switches govern the cell fate commitment of embryonic stem cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38408774 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of embryonic stem (ES) cells to extraembryonic trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages manifests distinct steady-state expression patterns of two key transcription factors-Oct4 and Nanog. How dynamically such kind of steady-state expressions are maintained remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that steady-state dynamics involving two bistable switches which are interlinked via a stepwise (Oct4) and a mushroom-like (Nanog) manner orchestrate the fate specification of ES cells. Our hypothesis qualitatively reconciles various experimental observations and elucidates how different feedback and feedforward motifs orchestrate the extraembryonic development and stemness maintenance of ES cells. Importantly, the model predicts strategies to optimize the dynamics of self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells that may have therapeutic relevance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Giri
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Sandip Kar
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, India
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31
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Hossain K, Roy Choudhury A, Majumdar A. Generation and Reactivity of Polychalcogenide Chains in Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes. JACS Au 2024; 4:771-787. [PMID: 38425921 PMCID: PMC10900221 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of six binuclear Co(II)-thiolate complexes, [Co2(BPMP)(S-C6H4-o-X)2]1+ (X = OMe, 2; NH2, 3), [Co2(BPMP)(μ-S-C6H4-o-O)]1+ (4), and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-Y)]1+ (Y = bdt, 5; tdt, 6; mnt, 7), has been synthesized from [Co2(BPMP)(MeOH)2(Cl)2]1+ (1a) and [Co2(BPMP)(Cl)2]1+ (1b), where BPMP1- is the anion of 2,6-bis[[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-methylphenol. While 2 and 3 could allow the two-electron redox reaction of the two coordinated thiolates with elemental sulfur (S8) to generate [Co2(BPMP)(μ-S5)]1+ (8), the complexes, 4-7, could not undergo a similar reaction. An analogous redox reaction of 2 with elemental selenium ([Se]) produced [{Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se4)}{Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se3)}]2+ (9a) and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se4)]1+ (9b). Further reaction of these polychalcogenido complexes, 8 and 9a/9b, with PPh3 allowed the isolation of [Co2(BPMP)(μ-S)]1+ (10) and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se2)]1+ (11), which, in turn, could be converted back to 8 and 9a upon treatment with S8 and [Se], respectively. Interestingly, while the redox reaction of the polyselenide chains in 9a and 11 with S8 produced 8 and [Se], the treatment of 8 with [Se] gave back only the starting material (8), thus demonstrating the different redox behavior of sulfur and selenium. Furthermore, the reaction of 8 and 9a/9b with activated alkynes and cyanide (CN-) allowed the isolation of the complexes, [Co2(BPMP)(μ-E2C2(CO2R)2)]1+ (E = S: 12a, R = Me; 12b, R = Et; E = Se: 13a, R = Me; 13b, R = Et) and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-SH)(NCS)2] (14), respectively. The present work, thus, provides an interesting synthetic strategy, interconversions, and detailed comparative reactivity of binuclear Co(II)-polychalcogenido complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hossain
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Amit Majumdar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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32
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Sahu PN, Sen A. Preventing Cancer by Inhibiting Ornithine Decarboxylase: A Comparative Perspective on Synthetic vs. Natural Drugs. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202302067. [PMID: 38404009 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This perspective delves into the investigation of synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors, their patterns of inhibition, and the effectiveness of newly utilized natural compounds as inhibitors targeting the Ornithine decarboxylase enzyme. This enzyme is known to target the MYC oncogene, thereby establishing a connection between polyamine metabolism and oncogenesis in both normal and cancerous cells. ODC activation and heightened polyamine activity are associated with tumor development in numerous cancers and fluctuations in ODC protein levels exert a profound influence on cellular activity for inhibition or suppressing tumor cells. This perspective outlines efforts to develop novel drugs, evaluate natural compounds, and identify promising inhibitors to address gaps in cancer prevention, highlighting the potential of newly designed synthetic moieties and natural flavonoids as alternatives. It also discusses natural compounds with potential as enhanced inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Nanda Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, (CMDD Lab) GITAM (Deemed to be), University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
| | - Anik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, (CMDD Lab) GITAM (Deemed to be), University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India
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33
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Barmade MA, Agrawal P, Rajput SR, Murumkar PR, Rana B, Sahal D, Yadav MR. Novel quinolinepiperazinyl-aryltetrazoles targeting the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:572-594. [PMID: 38389888 PMCID: PMC10880932 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance against the frontline antimalarials is a major challenge in the treatment of malaria. In view of emerging reports on drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium against artemisinin combination therapy, a dire need is felt for the discovery of novel compounds acting against novel targets in the parasite. In this study, we identified a novel series of quinolinepiperazinyl-aryltetrazoles (QPTs) targeting the blood stage of Plasmodium. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity screening revealed that most of the compounds showed IC50 < 10 μM against chloroquine-resistant PfINDO strain, with the most promising lead compounds 66 and 75 showing IC50 values of 2.25 and 1.79 μM, respectively. Further, compounds 64-66, 68, 75-77 and 84 were found to be selective (selectivity index >50) in their action against Pf over a mammalian cell line, with compounds 66 and 75 offering the highest selectivity indexes of 178 and 223, respectively. Explorations into the action of lead compounds 66 and 75 revealed their selective cidal activity towards trophozoites and schizonts. In a ring-stage survival assay, 75 showed cidal activity against the early rings of artemisinin-resistant PfCam3.1R539T. Further, 66 and 75 in combination with artemisinin and pyrimethamine showed additive to weak synergistic interactions. Of these two in vitro lead molecules, only 66 restricted rise in the percentage of parasitemia to about 10% in P. berghei-infected mice with a median survival time of 28 days as compared to the untreated control, which showed the percentage of parasitemia >30%, and a median survival of 20 days. Promising antimalarial activity, high selectivity, and additive interaction with artemisinin and pyrimethamine indicate the potential of these compounds to be further optimized chemically as future drug candidates against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh A Barmade
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara-390001 Gujarat India
| | - Prakhar Agrawal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, ICGEB Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Sweta R Rajput
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara-390001 Gujarat India
| | - Prashant R Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara-390001 Gujarat India
| | - Bhavika Rana
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, ICGEB Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, ICGEB Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Vadodara-390001 Gujarat India
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University Waghodia Road, P. O. Limda Vadodara-391760 Gujarat India
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Goswami L, Gupta L, Paul S, Vermani M, Vijayaraghavan P, Bhattacharya AK. Correction: Design and synthesis of eugenol/isoeugenol glycoconjugates and other analogues as antifungal agents against Aspergillus fumigatus. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:755. [PMID: 38389886 PMCID: PMC10880900 DOI: 10.1039/d4md90005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2MD00138A.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Goswami
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Lovely Gupta
- Antimycotic and Drug Susceptibility Laboratory, J3 Block, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125 Noida India
| | - Sayantan Paul
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Maansi Vermani
- Antimycotic and Drug Susceptibility Laboratory, J3 Block, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125 Noida India
| | - Pooja Vijayaraghavan
- Antimycotic and Drug Susceptibility Laboratory, J3 Block, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Sector-125 Noida India
| | - Asish K Bhattacharya
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
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35
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Dulam V, Katta S, Nakka VP. Stroke and Distal Organ Damage: Exploring Brain-Kidney Crosstalk. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04126-8. [PMID: 38376748 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stroke and kidney dysfunction represent significant public health challenges, yet the precise mechanisms connecting these conditions and their severe consequences remain unclear. Individuals experiencing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are at heightened susceptibility to experiencing repeated strokes. Similarly, a reduced glomerular filtration rate is associated with an elevated risk of suffering a stroke. Prior strokes independently contribute to mortality, end-stage kidney disease, and cardiovascular complications, underscoring the pathological connection between the brain and the kidneys. In cases of AKI, various mechanisms, such as cytokine signaling, leukocyte infiltration, and oxidative stress, establish communication between the brain and the kidneys. The bidirectional relationship between stroke and kidney pathologies involves key factors such as uremic toxins, proteinuria, inflammatory responses, decreased glomerular filtration, impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), oxidative stress, and metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. This review examines potential mechanisms of brain-kidney crosstalk underlying stroke and kidney diseases. It holds significance for comprehending multi-organ dysfunction associated with stroke and for formulating therapeutic strategies to address stroke-induced kidney dysfunction and the bidirectional pathological connection between the kidney and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Dulam
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - Sireesha Katta
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India
| | - Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India.
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Majumdar S, Desai R, Hans A, Dandekar P, Jain R. From Efficiency to Yield: Exploring Recent Advances in CHO Cell Line Development for Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01060-6. [PMID: 38363529 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has prompted the development of stable high-producing cell lines while simultaneously decreasing the time required for screening. Existing platforms have proven inefficient, resulting in inconsistencies in yields, growth characteristics, and quality features in the final mAb products. Selecting a suitable expression host, designing an effective gene expression system, developing a streamlined cell line generation approach, optimizing culture conditions, and defining scaling-up and purification strategies are all critical steps in the production of recombinant proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies, in mammalian cells. As a result, an active area of study is dedicated to expression and optimizing recombinant protein production. This review explores recent breakthroughs and approaches targeted at accelerating cell line development to attain efficiency and consistency in the synthesis of therapeutic proteins, specifically monoclonal antibodies. The primary goal is to bridge the gap between rising demand and consistent, high-quality mAb production, thereby benefiting the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmishta Majumdar
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ranjeet Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Aakarsh Hans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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Kumar N, Sharma N, Kumar V, Kumar V, Jangid K, Devi B, Dwivedi AR, Giri K, Kumar R, Kumar V. Iodine-PEG as a unique combination for the metal-free synthesis of flavonoids through iodonium-triiodide ion-pair complexation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6225-6233. [PMID: 38375003 PMCID: PMC10875328 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient metal-free single-step protocol has been developed for the direct synthesis of flavones from 2-hydroxyacetophenone and substituted benzaldehydes. This chemical transformation is exclusively promoted by the iodonium-triiodide ion couple formed through iodine and PEG-400 complexation. The triiodide anion not only helps in the abstraction of a proton from the acetophenone but also promotes the cyclization of intermediate chalcone to the corresponding flavones. The flavones were obtained in very high yields without using any toxic metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism was established through a series of test reactions and entrapping of reaction intermediates. The developed protocol provides direct access to flavones in high yields under milder reaction conditions with great substrate compatibility, including hydroxylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
| | - Navneet Sharma
- Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401
| | - Bharti Devi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401
- Gitam School of Pharmacy Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Kousik Giri
- Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab India-151401 +911642864214
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Thumu SCR, Jain M, Soman S, Das S, Verma V, Nandi A, Gutmann DH, Jayaprakash B, Nair D, Clement JP, Marathe S, Ramanan N. SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. eLife 2024; 13:e95577. [PMID: 38289036 PMCID: PMC10857791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain. These SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes do not affect neuron survival, synapse numbers, synaptic plasticity or learning and memory. However, the brains of Srf knockout mice exhibited neuroprotection against kainic-acid induced excitotoxic cell death. Relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases, SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes abrogate nigral dopaminergic neuron death and reduce β-amyloid plaques in mouse models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Taken together, these findings establish SRF as a key molecular switch for the generation of reactive astrocytes with neuroprotective functions that attenuate neuronal injury in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Jain
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Sumitha Soman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Soumen Das
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Arnab Nandi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | | | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Swananda Marathe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
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Mitra S, Naskar N, Mukherjee J, Sutradhar S, Lahiri S, Barman C. Assessment of NORMs ( 238U, 232Th, 40K) and radiation hazard indices in Beldih apatite mine region of Purulia district, West Bengal, India. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:66. [PMID: 38329628 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The radiation arising from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) is the foremost contributor to the collective dose received by the global population. The present study aims to measure the natural background radiation level and the associated gamma radiation dose in air in the Beldih apatite mine region of Purulia district, India. This study is primarily focused on the determination of 238U, 232Th and 40K activities in the sub-surface soil of the study area. The measurements were carried out using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector-based gamma-ray spectrometer with a relative efficiency of 80%. To achieve uniformity in exposure estimations, radium equivalent activity has been calculated. Additionally, the internal hazard index, external hazard index, radioactivity level index and gamma dose rates have been evaluated to estimate the radiation hazard levels in the study area. The comparison of obtained concentrations and hazard indices with global data (UNSCEAR. (2008). Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. United nations scientific committee on the effects of atomic radiation (report to the general assembly, with Annexes).) suggests that this region lies in a relatively high background radiation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mitra
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India
| | - Nabanita Naskar
- Diamond Harbour Women's University, Sarisha, South 24 Parganas, 743368, India
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India
| | - Sushanta Sutradhar
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India
| | - Susanta Lahiri
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India
- Diamond Harbour Women's University, Sarisha, South 24 Parganas, 743368, India
| | - Chiranjib Barman
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India.
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Singh Cham P, Kotwal P, Sharma K, Dhiman S, Singh L, Pratap Singh V, Kumar A, Nandi U, Pal Singh P. Cannabidiol-Based Prodrugs: Synthesis and Bioevaluation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:221-229. [PMID: 38352838 PMCID: PMC10860190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD 1) is a nonpsychotic cannabinoid-based drug approved by the U.S. FDA for treating refractory epilepsy, namely, Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndrome. However, its low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability are compensated by administering high doses, and there is an increased demand for conjugates with improved properties. In this direction, the present work is focused on synthesizing CBD-based prodrugs to address the issue of poor solubility and oral bioavailability. Several CBD-based prodrugs were synthesized and studied in a battery of assays: viz, release kinetic (ex vivo), solubility (in vitro), chemical stability (in vitro), plasma stability (ex vivo), pharmacokinetics (in vivo), and efficacy studies (in vivo). Among the synthesized prodrugs, the morpholinyl CBD-based prodrugs 3a and 3aa showed good release behavior, stability, better solubility, and a plasma profile. Moreover, prodrug candidate 3aa showed better therapeutic efficacy. The present study identifies CBD-based prodrugs with improved physiochemical properties and oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singh Cham
- Natural
Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuhu Sharma
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lakhvinder Singh
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Varun Pratap Singh
- Natural
Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Natural
Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Qadir RU, Bhat IA, Javid H, Wani BA, Magray JA, Nawchoo IA, Gulzar S. Exploring morphological variability, in vitro antioxidant potential, and HR-LCMS phytochemical profiling of Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. across different habitats of Kashmir Himalaya. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:241. [PMID: 38324063 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are broadly acknowledged for their health-promoting effects owing to the fact of their capacity to counteract free radicals (e.g., superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hypochlorite, and nitric oxide) and shield against oxidative stress induced by environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between altitude, morphology, soil parameters, in vitro antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of Phlomis cashmeriana collected from four different locations of Kashmir Himalaya characterized by diverse habitats and elevations. Various factors, such as extraction method, solvent polarity, and habitat conditions, can impact the quantity and efficacy of phytochemicals in plants. The aim of current study was to analyze phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of P. cashmeriana, an important medicinal plant found in the Kashmir Himalaya region. The antioxidant activity was accessed using several assays and the plant populations were selected based on their diverse habitat features and altitudes. HR-LCMS was conducted for both below-ground and above-ground parts. Some important compounds such as, catechin, vinainsenoside, acutilobin, and kaempferol were reported for the first time from P. cashmeriana. Results showed that methanol was the most efficient solvent for extracting phytochemicals. During the current study, it was also found that the below-ground parts exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the above-ground parts. Notably, Site IV demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential; a positive correlation between altitude and antioxidant activity was also found. In conclusion, present research identified specific elite populations having highest antioxidant potential and are well-suited for large-scale cultivation of P. cashmeriana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roof Ul Qadir
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad Bhat
- Plant Tissue Culture and Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Hanan Javid
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Bilal Ahmad Wani
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Junaid Ahmad Magray
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Irshad A Nawchoo
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shabana Gulzar
- Government College for Womens, Cluster University Srinagar, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, India
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Pawar RP, Sharma G, Durgbanshi A, Bose D, Peris-Vicente J, Roca-Genovés P, Carda-Broch S. An easy and green assay to determine albendazole and ivermectin in veterinary preparations by micellar liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:212-217. [PMID: 36695087 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A procedure to determine albendazole and ivermectin in veterinary formulations, like tablet, bolus, oral suspensions, and injections by micellar liquid chromatography, has been developed. Sample preparation was a batch solid-to-liquid extraction in mobile phase, consisting of a stirring step (15 min), followed by ultrasonication (15 min) and filtration of the obtained supernatant, to reach a target concentration of 2 mg/L for both analytes. Using a mobile phase of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate-6% 1-pentanol buffered at pH 3 with a 0.01 M phosphate salt, running at 1 mL/min through a C18 column, both drugs were resolved in less than 10 min. Absorbance detection wavelength was 292 nm. Procedure was validated by the guidelines of the International Council on Harmonization in terms of specificity, calibration range (0.025-5 mg/L), trueness (97.8%-102.6%), precision (<2.2%), and system suitability. The method was found easy-to-handle, low cost, safe, green, and with high sample-throughput, thus useful for routine analysis. Therefore, it represents a valuable alternative for quality control of veterinary formulations. It was applied to samples of veterinary formulations purchased from local chemists and veterinarians, and label claims were inside the acceptance criteria (95%-105%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra-Prasad Pawar
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Girraj Sharma
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilasha Durgbanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devasish Bose
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Juan Peris-Vicente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pasqual Roca-Genovés
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Samuel Carda-Broch
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
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Rizvi Z, Reddy GS, Gorde SM, Pundir P, Das D, Sijwali PS. Plasmodium falciparum contains functional SCF and CRL4 ubiquitin E3 ligases, and CRL4 is critical for cell division and membrane integrity. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012045. [PMID: 38416790 PMCID: PMC10927090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is essential for cellular homeostasis and regulation of several processes, including cell division and genome integrity. Ubiquitin E3 ligases determine substrate specificity for ubiquitination, and Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) make the largest group among the ubiquitin E3 ligases. Although conserved and most studied in model eukaryotes, CRLs remain underappreciated in Plasmodium and related parasites. To investigate the CRLs of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, we generated parasites expressing tagged P. falciparum cullin-1 (PfCullin-1), cullin-2 (PfCullin-2), Rbx1 (PfRbx1) and Skp1 (PfSkp1). PfCullin-1 and PfCullin-2 were predominantly expressed in erythrocytic trophozoite and schizont stages, with nucleocytoplasmic localization and chromatin association, suggesting their roles in different cellular compartments and DNA-associated processes. Immunoprecipitation, in vitro protein-protein interaction, and ubiquitination assay confirmed the presence of a functional Skp1-Cullin-1-Fbox (PfSCF) complex, comprising of PfCullin-1, PfRbx1, PfSkp1, PfFBXO1, and calcyclin binding protein. Immunoprecipitation, sequence analysis, and ubiquitination assay indicated that PfCullin-2 forms a functional human CRL4-like complex (PfCRL4), consisting of PfRbx1, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit_A and WD40 repeat proteins. PfCullin-2 knock-down at the protein level, which would hinder PfCRL4 assembly, significantly decreased asexual and sexual erythrocytic stage development. The protein levels of several pathways, including protein translation and folding, lipid biosynthesis and transport, DNA replication, and protein degradation were significantly altered upon PfCullin-2 depletion, which likely reflects association of PfCRL4 with multiple pathways. PfCullin-2-depleted schizonts had poorly delimited merozoites and internal membraned structures, suggesting a role of PfCRL4 in maintaining membrane integrity. PfCullin-2-depleted parasites had a significantly lower number of nuclei/parasite than the normal parasites, indicating a crucial role of PfCRL4 in cell division. We demonstrate the presence of functional CRLs in P. falciparum, with crucial roles for PfCRL4 in cell division and maintaining membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Rizvi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - G. Srinivas Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, UP, India
| | - Somesh M. Gorde
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, UP, India
| | - Priyanka Pundir
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Divya Das
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, UP, India
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44
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Shukla M, Pandey R. Emotional dampening in hypertension: Impaired recognition of implicit emotional content in auditory and cross-modal stimuli. Psych J 2024; 13:124-138. [PMID: 37942991 PMCID: PMC10917100 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Research shows a reduced responsivity to implicit as well as explicit facial emotion recognition (emotional dampening) in prehypertensives and hypertensives. This study explored auditory and audiovisual emotion recognition in prehypertensives and hypertensives. Participants (N = 175) who were normotensives, prehypertensives, and hypertensives (n = 57, 58, and 60, respectively) completed an auditory implicit task (matching auditory target with auditory distractors) and two cross-modal implicit tasks (matching visual target with auditory distractors, and vice-versa), and an auditory explicit task (labelling emotions in audio-clips). Findings showed an aberrant speed-accuracy trade-off, where prehypertensives focused more on accuracy at the cost of speed while hypertensives showed the opposite. Discriminant function analysis revealed that blood pressure (BP)-associated emotional dampening is a highly specific but moderately sensitive correlate of hypertension. Our study highlights that prehypertensives and hypertensives demonstrate emotional dampening in implicit (but not explicit) auditory emotion recognition and a greater deficit for auditory than visual recognition of implicit emotions. Findings show emotional dampening as an observable correlate of elevated BP and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of PsychologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
- Present address:
Department of PsychologyUniversity of AllahabadPrayagrajIndia
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of PsychologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
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45
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Biradar A, Ganesh CB. Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:320-344. [PMID: 36938774 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is an evolutionarily conserved monoaminergic neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system across invertebrates and vertebrates. Although the distribution of 5-HT-immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) neurons is investigated in various fish species, the organization of these neurons in cichlid fishes is poorly understood. These fish are known for their adaptability to diverse environments, food habits, and complex mating and breeding behaviors, including parental care. In this paper, we describe the organization of 5-HT-ir neurons in the brain of the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Aggregations of 5-HT-ir neurons were spotted in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb and near the ventricular border in the preoptic area and magnocellular subdivisions of the nucleus preopticus. Although the presence of 5-HT-ir cells and fibers in the hypothalamic and thalamic regions, cerebellum, and raphe nuclei was comparable to that of other teleosts, the current study reveals the occurrence of 5-HT-ir cells and fibers for the first time in some areas, such as the nucleus posterior tuberis, nucleus oculomotorius, and nucleus paracommissuralis in the tilapia. While the presence of 5-HT-ir cells and fibers in gustatory centers suggests a role for serotonin in the processing of gustatory signals, distinctive pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity was seen in the telencephalon, pretectal areas, mesencephalic, and rhombencephalic regions, suggesting a cichlid fish specific organization of the serotonergic system. In conclusion, the 5-HT system in the tilapia brain may serve several neuroendocrine and neuromodulatory roles, including regulation of reproduction and sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Biradar
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - C B Ganesh
- Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
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46
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Shiraz M, Imtiaz H, Azam A, Hayat S. Phytogenic nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their roles in physiology and biochemistry of plants. Biometals 2024; 37:23-70. [PMID: 37914858 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Researchers are swarming to nanotechnology because of its potentially game-changing applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. This fast-growing, cutting-edge technology is trying different approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles of specific sizes and shapes. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized using physical and chemical processes; there is an urgent demand to establish environmentally acceptable and sustainable ways for their synthesis. The green approach of nanoparticle synthesis has emerged as a simple, economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly method. In particular, phytoassisted plant extract synthesis is easy, reliable, and expeditious. Diverse phytochemicals present in the extract of various plant organs such as root, leaf, and flower are used as a source of reducing as well as stabilizing agents during production. Green synthesis is based on principles like prevention/minimization of waste, reduction of derivatives/pollution, and the use of safer (or non-toxic) solvent/auxiliaries as well as renewable feedstock. Being free of harsh operating conditions (high temperature and pressure), hazardous chemicals and the addition of external stabilizing or capping agents makes the nanoparticles produced using green synthesis methods particularly desirable. Different metallic nanomaterials are produced using phytoassisted synthesis methods, such as silver, zinc, gold, copper, titanium, magnesium, and silicon. Due to significant differences in physical and chemical properties between nanoparticles and their micro/macro counterparts, their characterization becomes essential. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques have been employed for conformational details of nanoparticles, like shape, size, dispersity, homogeneity, surface structure, and inter-particle interactions. UV-visible spectroscopy is used to examine the optical properties of NPs in solution. XRD analysis confirms the purity and phase of NPs and provides information about crystal size and symmetry. AFM, SEM, and TEM are employed for analyzing the morphological structure and particle size of NPs. The nature and kind of functional groups or bioactive compounds that might account for the reduction and stabilization of NPs are detected by FTIR analysis. The elemental composition of synthesized NPs is determined using EDS analysis. Nanoparticles synthesized by green methods have broad applications and serve as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Various metal and metal oxide NPs such as Silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper oxide (CuO), etc. have been proven to have a positive effect on plant growth and development. They play a potentially important role in the germination of seeds, plant growth, flowering, photosynthesis, and plant yield. The present review highlights the pathways of phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, various techniques used for their characterization, and their possible roles in the physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shiraz
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Havza Imtiaz
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Islamic Universityof Madinah Al Jamiah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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47
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Chaudhary H, Dinakaran J, Notup T, Vikram K, Rao KS. Comparison of Adsorption Performance of Biochar Derived from Urban Biowaste Materials for Removal of Heavy Metals. Environ Manage 2024; 73:408-424. [PMID: 37537396 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the adsorption performance of biochar produced from different types of urban biowaste material viz., sugarcane bagasse (SB), brinjal stem (BS), and citrus peel (CP) for removal of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) from aqueous solution. The effects of biowaste material, dosage of biochar, solution pH, and initial concentration of heavy metal ions and isotherm models were performed to understand the possible adsorption mechanisms. The results showed that the biochar derived from BS and SB removes Cu (99.94%), Cr (99.57%), and Cd (99.77%) whereas biochar derived from CP removes Pb (99.59%) and Cu (99.90%) more efficiently from the aqueous solution. Biochar derived from BS showed maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (246.31 mg g-1), Pb (183.15 mg g-1), and Cr (71.89 mg g-1) while the biochar derived from CP showed highest for Cd (15.46 mg g-1). Moreover, biochar derived from BS and SB has more polar functional groups and less hydrophobicity than the biochar derived from CP. This study reveals that solution pH and biochar doses play a major role in removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The results of Langmuir model fitted well for Pb and Cu while the Freundlich model for Cr and Cd. Our study concludes that the biochar derived from different biowaste materials adsorbs heavy metal ions majorly through surface complexation and precipitation processes. The results of this study will be very useful in selecting the effective urban biowaste material for making biochar for heavy metal removal from the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Chaudhary
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - J Dinakaran
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Tenzen Notup
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Krati Vikram
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - K S Rao
- Natural Resource Management Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Kumar R, Singh A, Shukla E, Singh P, Khan A, Singh NK, Srivastava A. Siderophore of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium origin reduces reactive oxygen species mediated injury in Solanum spp. caused by fungal pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae036. [PMID: 38341275 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The study aims to explore antifungal properties of bacillibactin siderophore produced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis against fungal phytopathogens Alternaria porri and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena plants. METHODS AND RESULTS Alternaria porri and F. equiseti were isolated from infected plants of eggplant and tomato, respectively. A plate assay was employed to assess the effect of bacillibactin against the phytopathogens. The antifungal potential of the PGPR was evaluated by estimation of dry fungal biomass, visualization of cellular deformity using compound and scanning electron microscopy, antioxidative enzyme assay and analysis of membrane damage via using lipid peroxidation. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis was employed to investigate changes in intracellular iron content. The impact of bacillibactin on pathogenesis was evaluated by infecting detached leaves of S. lycopersicum and S. melongena plants with both the pathogens and treating the infected leaves with bacillibactin. Leaves were further investigated for ROS accumulation, extent of necrosis and cell death. Our findings revealed significant damage to the hyphal structure of A. porri and F. equiseti following treatment with bacillibactin. Biomass reduction, elevated antioxidative enzyme levels, and membrane damage further substantiated the inhibitory effects of the siderophore on fungal growth. ICP-AES analysis indicates an increase in intracellular iron content suggesting enhanced iron uptake facilitated by bacillibactin. Moreover, application of 1500 µg ml-1 bacillibactin on infected leaves demonstrated a substantial inhibition of ROS accumulation, necrosis, and cell death upon bacillibactin treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the potent antagonistic activity of bacillibactin against both the phytopathogens A. porri and F. equiseti growth, supporting its potential as a promising biological control agent for fungal plant diseases. Bacillibactin-induced morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations in the isolated fungi and pathogen-infected leaves highlight the prospects of bacillibactin as an effective and sustainable solution to mitigate economic losses associated with fungal infections in vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinsh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Ekta Shukla
- Department of Botany, Sunbeam College for Women, U.P., Bhagwanpur, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pratika Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Azmi Khan
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
| | - Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Bihar, Gaya 824236, India
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49
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Suhasini R, Venkatasubramanian U, Thiagarajan V. Modulation of excited state intramolecular proton transfer and intramolecular charge transfer pathways of symmetrical azines through micellar medium. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38299663 DOI: 10.1111/php.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The photophysical studies of fluorescent probes in micellar medium can give a better insight about their interaction with biological membranes. This study attempts to access the photophysical properties of the dual emitting azine based probe diethylamino salicylidene azine dimer (DEASAD) in micellar media. DEASAD showed dual charge transfer emission due to the presence of open enol (480 nm) and closed enol (510 nm) forms in polar protic solvents. Upon increasing the concentration of ionic surfactants, there is a significant increase in the emission intensity of both the enol forms of DEASAD until premicellar concentration. After micellization, occurrence of a new anomalous keto form emission through excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was observed around 530 nm in ionic micelles and its intensity changes depend on the micellar surface charge. The emission studies revealed the position and interaction of DEASAD with the charge of micellar stern layer as confirmed through interaction of metal ion with the probe and control molecules with and without ESIPT and ICT moieties. In contrast, the new anomalous longer wavelength keto form of DEASAD emission was absent in neutral micelles like Triton X-100.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viruthachalam Thiagarajan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India
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50
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Samui S, Biswas S, Basak S, Ghosh S, Muniyappa K, Naskar J. De novo designed aliphatic and aromatic peptides assemble into amyloid-like cytotoxic supramolecular nanofibrils. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4382-4388. [PMID: 38304566 PMCID: PMC10831423 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07869h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides are very interesting biomolecules that upon self-association form a variety of thermodynamically stable supramolecular structures of nanometric dimension e.g. nanotubes, nanorods, nanovesicles, nanofibrils, nanowires and many others. Herein, we report six peptide molecules having a general chemical structure, H-Gaba-X-X-OH (Gaba: γ-aminobutyric acid, X: amino acid). Out of these six peptides, three are aromatic and the others are aliphatic. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) studies reveal that except peptide 6 (H-Gaba-Trp-Trp-OH), all the reported peptides adopt nanofibrillar morphology upon aggregation in aqueous medium. These supramolecular assemblies can recognize amyloid-specific molecular probe congo red (CR) and thioflavine t (ThT) and exhibit all the characteristic properties of amyloids. The MTT cell viability assay reveals that the toxicity of both aliphatic and aromatic peptides increases with increasing concentration of the peptides to both cancer (HeLa) and non-cancer (HEK 293) cells. Of note, the aromatic peptides show a slightly higher cytotoxic effect compared to the aliphatic peptides. Overall, the studies highlight the self-assembling nature of the de novo designed aliphatic and aromatic peptides and pave the way towards elucidating the intricacies of pathogenic amyloid assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Samui
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia WB 741235 India
| | - Soumi Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia WB 741235 India
| | - Shubhanwita Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia WB 741235 India
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia WB 741235 India
| | - K Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka 560 012 India
| | - Jishu Naskar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani Nadia WB 741235 India
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