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Gasmi A, Noor S, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Menzel A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Bjørklund G. The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Pharmacopoeia in the Evaluation and Treatment of COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:CPD-EPUB-139347. [PMID: 38523518 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128217263240220060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The epidemic prompted by COVID-19 continues to spread, causing a great risk to the general population's safety and health. There are still no drugs capable of curing it. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are the two other diseases caused by coronaviruses. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) showed benefits in treating SARS and MERS by preventing the disease early, substantially mitigating symptoms, shortening the treatment period, and minimizing risks and adverse reactions caused by hormone therapy. Although several vaccines have been developed and are being used for the treatment of COVID-19, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection against the virus due to the rapid evolution and mutation of the virus, as mutated viral epitopes evade the vaccine's target and decrease the efficacy of vaccines. Thus, there is a need to develop alternative options. TCM has demonstrated positive effects in the treatment of COVID-19. Previous research studies on TCM showed broad-spectrum antiviral activity, offering a range of possibilities for their potential use against COVID-19. This study shed some light on common TCM used for SARS and MERS outbreaks and their effective use for COVID-19 management. This study provides new insights into COVID-19 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- CONEM Iran Microbiology Research Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Brustia R, Amaddeo G, Rhaiem R, Levesque E, Monsel A, Baaroun V, Dimmock M, Rousseau MA, Wagner-Ballon O, Botterel F, Andujar P, Sommacale D. Educational interventions to integrate surgical staff within medical units during the COVID-19 pandemic: EDUCOVID survey. Acta Chir Belg 2024; 124:12-19. [PMID: 36346005 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2022.2145720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic required a rapid surge of healthcare capacity to face a growing number of critically ill patients. For this reason, a support reserve of physicians, including surgeons, were required to be reassigned to offer support. OBJECTIVE To realize a survey on the educational programs deployed (face-to-face or e-learning focusing on infective area, basic gestures, COVID clinical management and intensive care medicine), and their impact on behavior change (Kirkpatrick 3) of the target population of surgeons, measured on a five modalities Likert scale. DESIGN Cross-sectional online e-survey (NCT04732858) within surgeons from the Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris network, metropolitan area of Paris, France. RESULTS Cross-sectional e-Survey: among 382 surgeons invited, 37 (9.7%) participated. The effectiveness of the educational interventions on behavior changes was rated within the highest region of the Likert scale by 15% (n = 3) and 22% (n = 6) for 'e-learning' and 'face-to-face' delivery modes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite the low response rate, this survey suggests an overall low impact on behaviour change among responders affiliated to a surgical discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Brustia
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France, Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Rami Rhaiem
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Digestive Surgery, Robert Debré University Hospital, Reims, France
- University Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Eric Levesque
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care-Liver ICU, AP-HP Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, EA Dynamyc Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Monsel
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Medicine Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Baaroun
- Oral Surgery Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Mylène Dimmock
- Hôpital Henri-Mondor - Service de médecine bucco-dentaire - Groupe Henri Mondor AP-HP, Île de France Créteil, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Rousseau
- Orthopedics Department, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Wagner-Ballon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
- Département d'hématologie et d'immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
| | - Francoise Botterel
- EA 7380 Dynamyc, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC Anses, Créteil, France
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de revention, diagnostic et traitement des infections, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Andujar
- INSERM Unité U955, Equipe 4, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Pathologie Professionnelle et de l'Environnement, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Daniele Sommacale
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", INSERM U955, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
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Shi J, Danesh-Meyer HV. A review of neuro-ophthalmic sequelae following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1345683. [PMID: 38299114 PMCID: PMC10827868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1345683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has become increasingly clear that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect most organs in the human body, including the neurologic and ophthalmic systems. Vaccination campaigns have been developed at rapid pace around the world to protect the population from the fast-mutating virus. This review seeks to summarise current knowledge of the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of both COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Evidence acquisition Electronic searches for published literature were conducted using EMBASE and MEDLINE on the 30th of July 2023. The search strategy comprised of controlled vocabulary and free-text synonyms for the following terms in various combinations: "coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, vaccination, vaccine, immunisation and neuro-ophthalmology". No time range limits were set for the literature search. Published English abstracts for articles written in a different language were screened if available. Results A total of 54 case reports and case series were selected for use in the final report. 34 articles documenting neuro-ophthalmic manifestations following COVID-19 infection and 20 articles with neuro-ophthalmic complications following COVID-19 vaccination were included, comprising of 79 patients in total. The most commonly occurring condition was optic neuritis, with 25 cases following COVID-19 infection and 27 cases following vaccination against COVID-19. Conclusions The various COVID-19 vaccines that are currently available are part of the global effort to protect the most vulnerable of the human population. The incidence of neuro-ophthalmic consequences following infection with COVID-19 is hundred-folds higher and associated with more harrowing systemic effects than vaccination against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shi
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen V. Danesh-Meyer
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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Khaddage-Soboh N, Tawil S. Navigating the crisis: A review of COVID-19 research and the importance of academic publications - The case of a private university in Lebanon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22917. [PMID: 38282919 PMCID: PMC10812900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The threat of the Corona virus has had a profound global impact, prompting extensive discussions among academicians and medical researchers seeking to understand its implications across various fields. Consequently this review aims to explore the COVID-19 research approaches adopted at the Lebanese American University (LAU) between 2019 and 2022 and, to eventually shed light on the importance of the academic publications during this crisis period in the context of Lebanon. Design Data sources Eligibility criteria Studies related to "Coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2," or "COVID-19″ were extracted from the SciVal database spanning the period 2019 to 2022. The identified studies, totaling 97 publications, were indexed in Scopus and Web of Science and underwent narrative analysis along with an evaluation using a predefined scale to determine their eligibility. The majority of the studies were literature reviews, followed by observational studies, modeling studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results The majority of the identified studies (31 %) were focused on the medical field, primarily the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, 22 % of studies discussed updates related to global finance and economic markets, while 18 % addressed the psychological burden of the pandemic. Other areas covered in the literature included the impact on performance, nutrition, tourism, politics, and telecommunication. Conclusion This study marks a pioneering endeavor that sparks a crucial dialogue regarding peer-reviewed scientific literature during a period of immense need for accurate information. The prevalence of literature reviews can be attributed to the demand for swift dissemination of preliminary findings and the increased call for COVID-19-related research. However, despite the abundance of publications in this specific domain, it is imperative for future research to shift its focus towards the development of novel therapies, preventive measures, psychological insights, and strategies to address the socioeconomic and financial burdens stemming from the pandemic. This study has the potential to establish a standardized framework for addressing similar crises across diverse fields and at various levels. Limitations The review readily acknowledges certain limitations. By solely relying on specific databases like Scopus and WoS, there is a possibility of inadvertently overlooking relevant studies. Although the study provides insights into the impact of COVID-19 across different fields and their respective publications, it is important to recognize that the continuous updates to databases and potential exclusions of related studies may have imposed constraints on the findings. Moreover, the urgency for expeditious peer-review during the pandemic may have heightened the chances of errors and diminished transparency. This urgency has unfortunately increased the risk of fraudulent activities and misconduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Khaddage-Soboh
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samah Tawil
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon
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Emilov B, Sorokin A, Seiitov M, Kobayashi BT, Chubakov T, Vesnin S, Popov I, Krylova A, Goryanin I. Diagnostic of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Passive Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2585. [PMID: 37568948 PMCID: PMC10417460 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest CT is widely regarded as a dependable imaging technique for detecting pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, but there is growing interest in microwave radiometry (MWR) of the lungs as a possible substitute for diagnosing lung involvement. AIM The aim of this study is to examine the utility of the MWR approach as a screening tool for diagnosing pneumonia with complications in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Our study involved two groups of participants. The control group consisted of 50 individuals (24 male and 26 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 years who underwent clinical evaluations and had no known medical conditions. The main group included 142 participants (67 men and 75 women) between the ages of 20 and 87 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2020 to June 2021. Skin and lung temperatures were measured at 14 points, including 2 additional reference points, using a previously established method. Lung temperature data were obtained with the MWR2020 (MMWR LTD, Edinburgh, UK). All participants underwent clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, chest CT scans, MWR of the lungs, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The MWR exhibits a high predictive capacity as demonstrated by its sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 92.7%. CONCLUSIONS MWR of the lungs can be a valuable substitute for chest CT in diagnosing pneumonia in patients with COVID-19, especially in situations where chest CT is unavailable or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berik Emilov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aleksander Sorokin
- Department of Physics, Medical Informatics and Biology, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University Named after Boris Yeltsin, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Meder Seiitov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Tulegen Chubakov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Post-Graduate Training and Continuous Education Named after S.B. Daniyarov, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd., Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK;
| | - Illarion Popov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Krylova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AZ, UK
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Brustia R, Bouattour M, Allaire M, Lequoy M, Hollande C, Regnault H, Blaise L, Ganne-Carrié N, Vilgrain V, Larrey E, Lim C, Scatton O, Mouhadi SE, Ozenne V, Paye F, Balladur P, Dohan A, Massault PP, Pol S, Dioguardi Burgio M, Sepulveda A, Cauchy F, Luciani A, Sommacale D, Leroy V, Calderaro J, Roudot-Thoraval F, Nault JC, Amaddeo G. Impact of COVID-19 on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in a high-prevalence area: What's new 12 months later? Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:101141. [PMID: 37468096 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The lockdown policy introduced in 2020 to minimize the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly affected the management and care of patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this follow-up study was to determine the 12 months impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cohort of patients affected by HCC during the lockdown, within six French academic referral centers in the metropolitan area of Paris. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a 12 months follow-up of the cross-sectional study cohort included in 2020 on the management of patients affected by HCC during the first six weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic (exposed), compared to the same period in 2019 (unexposed). Overall survival were compared between the groups. Predictors of mortality were analysed with Cox regression. RESULTS From the initial cohort, 575 patients were included (n = 263 Exposed_COVID, n = 312 Unexposed_COVID). Overall and disease free survival at 12 months were 59.9 ± 3.2% vs 74.3 ± 2.5% (p<0.001) and 40.2 ± 3.5% vs 63.5 ± 3.1% (p<0.001) according to the period of exposure (Exposed_COVID vs Unexposed_COVID, respectively). Adjusted Cox regression revealed that the period of exposure (Exposed_COVID HR: 1.79, 95%CI (1.36, 2.35) p<0.001) and BCLC stage B, C and D (BCLC B HR: 1.82, 95%CI (1.07, 3.08) p = 0.027 - BCLC C HR: 1.96, 95%CI (1.14, 3.38) p = 0.015 - BCLC D HR: 3.21, 95%CI (1.76, 5.85) p<0.001) were predictors of death. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of routine healthcare services because of the pandemic translated to reduced 1 year overall and disease-free survival among patients affected by HCC, in the metropolitan area of Paris, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Brustia
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", Créteil, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
| | - Mohamed Bouattour
- Département d'Oncologie Hépatique, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, F-92110 Clichy, France
| | - Manon Allaire
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Hepatology and Liver transplantation department, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lequoy
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Hollande
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Regnault
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Lorraine Blaise
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Ganne-Carrié
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, INSERM UMR 1138 Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France - INSERM U1149 "centre de recherche sur l'inflammation", CRI, Paris France
| | - Edouard Larrey
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Hepatology and Liver transplantation department, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Chetana Lim
- Digestive and Liver transplantation department, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Digestive and Liver transplantation department, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sanaa El Mouhadi
- Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Violaine Ozenne
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - François Paye
- Department of Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Balladur
- Department of Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Dohan
- Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Philippe Massault
- Department of Digestive Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marco Dioguardi Burgio
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France - INSERM U1149 "centre de recherche sur l'inflammation", CRI, Paris France
| | - Ailton Sepulveda
- Digestive and Liver transplantation department, Hôpital Beaujon, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Francois Cauchy
- Digestive and Liver transplantation department, Hôpital Beaujon, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Alain Luciani
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", Créteil, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Radiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France; Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Daniele Sommacale
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", Créteil, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", Créteil, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France; Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Créteil, France; Inserm, U955, Team 18, Créteil, France; European Reference Network (ERN) RARE-LIVER, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Service d'hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris, INSERM UMR 1138 Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- INSERM U955, Team "Pathophysiology and Therapy of Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Related Cancers", Créteil, France - Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France; Paris Est Créteil University, UPEC, Créteil, France.
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Caixeta DC, Paranhos LR, Blumenberg C, Garcia-Júnior MA, Guevara-Vega M, Taveira EB, Nunes MAC, Cunha TM, Jardim ACG, Flores-Mir C, Sabino-Silva R. Salivary SARS-CoV-2 RNA for diagnosis of COVID-19 patients: a systematic revisew and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2023:S1882-7616(23)00016-9. [PMID: 37360001 PMCID: PMC10284464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate, self-collected, and non-invasive diagnostics are critical to perform mass-screening diagnostic tests for COVID-19. This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of salivary diagnostics for COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA compared with the current reference tests using a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and/or oropharyngeal swab (OPS). An electronic search was performed in seven databases to find COVID-19 diagnostic studies simultaneously using saliva and NPS/OPS tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The search resulted in 10,902 records, of which 44 studies were considered eligible. The total sample consisted of 14,043 participants from 21 countries. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for saliva compared with the NPS/OPS was 94.3% (95%CI= 92.1;95.9), 96.4% (95%CI= 96.1;96.7), and 89.2% (95%CI= 85.5;92.0), respectively. Besides, the sensitivity of NPS/OPS was 90.3% (95%CI= 86.4;93.2) and saliva was 86.4% (95%CI= 82.1;89.8) compared to the combination of saliva and NPS/OPS as the gold standard. These findings suggest a similarity in SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection between NPS/OPS swabs and saliva, and the association of both testing approaches as a reference standard can increase by 3.6% the SARS-CoV-2 detection compared with NPS/OPS alone. This study supports saliva as an attractive alternative for diagnostic platforms to provide a non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto Garcia-Júnior
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Guevara-Vega
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa Borges Taveira
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Adriane Costa Nunes
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, CEUMA University, Sao Luiz, MA, Brazil
| | - Thúlio Marquez Cunha
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Al-Hatamleh MA, Abusalah MA, Hatmal MM, Alshaer W, Ahmad S, Mohd-Zahid MH, Rahman ENSE, Yean CY, Alias IZ, Uskoković V, Mohamud R. Understanding the challenges to COVID-19 vaccines and treatment options, herd immunity and probability of reinfection. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:600-638. [PMID: 36570799 PMCID: PMC9758618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike pandemics in the past, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which rapidly spread worldwide, was met with a different approach to control and measures implemented across affected countries. The lack of understanding of the fundamental nature of the outbreak continues to make COVID-19 challenging to manage for both healthcare practitioners and the scientific community. Challenges to vaccine development and evaluation, current therapeutic options, convalescent plasma therapy, herd immunity, and the emergence of reinfection and new variants remain the major obstacles to combating COVID-19. This review discusses these challenges in the management of COVID-19 at length and highlights the mechanisms needed to provide better understanding of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A.I. Al-Hatamleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mai A. Abusalah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ma'mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center (CTC), The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suhana Ahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Manali H. Mohd-Zahid
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Engku Nur Syafirah E.A. Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Chan Y. Yean
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Iskandar Z. Alias
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Hossain B, Malik F, Khan A, Abidi M, Marhaba A, Oranu A, Shumeyko M, Hila A, Banks L, Patel OA, Nawaz M, Shaikh S, Nadeem H, Qazi S. Prevalence and Impact of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 13:39-54. [PMID: 37877065 PMCID: PMC10593163 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The aim of this study is to systematically analyze and summarize the implications of COVID-19 on the digestive system by quantitatively evaluating the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia. reported in COVID-19 cases. We simultaneously investigated other variables to determine the association of such symptoms in COVID-19 patients which can potentially influence the disease prognosis and outcome. This systematic review presents an updated literature on the issue as it requires more scientific discussion in order to better inform the medical community and authorities so that appropriate measures can be taken to control the virus outbreak. Methods MEDLINE database was searched to identify relevant articles. Data was analyzed and synthesized from the 16 eligible studies which exclusively reported GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients along with the disease prognosis. A meta-analysis of studies having adequate information regarding the prevalence of specific GI symptoms in association with other relevant independent variables was performed. Results From the search strategy, we identified 16 articles which fit our eligibility criteria comprising of 10 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort study, 1 RCT and 3 observational studies. From these pooled studies, 6 articles exclusively talked about COVID-19 patients in which GI symptoms were reported and adequately discussed. In a total of 3646 patients, GI symptoms were documented in (16.2%-10.1%) patients. The most prevalent GI symptom was diarrhea (47%) but the most common clinical manifestation reported was fever (77.4%). Among the adult patients, hypertension (11.6%) was the most frequently reported comorbidity. Presence of viral RNA in stool sample was noted in 16.7% patients with GI symptom. In patients who complained of having GI symptoms, an abnormal liver function was largely observed, with an elevated ALT level in (10.9%) and an elevated AST in (8.8%) of the patients. Evidence of vertical transmission (14.2%) was reported in one study which highlights the extent and mode of viral transmission. It was observed that a great majority of the patients in the 6 studies reporting specifically on patients with GI symptoms were on antiviral therapy (68.6%) as the standard disease management protocol but the eventual disease outcome as in this case died (8.4%), discharged (45.6%) was not linked to just one therapeutic factor but other indicators of disease severity such as positive chest CT findings (87.82%) have led to a poor disease prognosis which was noted in (28.9%) severe patients with GI symptoms compared to (71.1%) non-severe COVID-19 patients with GI symptom. Conclusion Presence of GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients has shown to have a positive association with the poor disease prognosis likely as a result of direct viral toxicity. It is important for the physicians to recognize digestive symptoms as an important characteristic in COVID-19 patients. Hence, precise and targeted documentation of GI symptoms and viral stool sample investigations should be performed in order to understand the rapidly evolving disease symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Hossain
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Fahad Malik
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Ali Khan
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Mohammad Abidi
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Ali Marhaba
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Amanke Oranu
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Mark Shumeyko
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Amine Hila
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Lesli Banks
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Owais A. Patel
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Marrium Nawaz
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Shaikh
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Nadeem
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Shoreh Qazi
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
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Cheng H, Wang D, Wang L, Zou H, Qu Y. Global prevalence of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:149. [PMID: 37147683 PMCID: PMC10160734 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 and its transmission mitigation measures have caused widespread mental health problems. Previous studies have suggested that psychological, economic, behavioral, and psychosocial problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a rise in self-harm. However, little is known about the prevalence of self-harm worldwide during COVID-19. Therefore, a quantitative synthesis is needed to reach an overall conclusion regarding the prevalence of self-harm during the pandemic. METHODS By using permutations of COVID-19, self-harm or relevant search terms, we searched the following electronic databases from November 2019 to January 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and systematically reviewed the evidence according to MOOSE guidelines. We employed Cochran's chi-squared test (Cochran's Q), I2test and subgroup analysis to assess and address the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by eliminating each included study individually and then combining the effects. RESULTS Sixteen studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, with sample sizes ranging from 228 to 49,227. The methodological quality of the included studies was mostly at the medium level. By using a random effect model, the pooled prevalence of self-harm was 15.8% (95% CI 13.3-18.3). Based on subgroup analysis, the following characteristics of the included studies were more likely to have a higher prevalence of self-harm: studies conducted in Asia or prior to July 2020, cross-sectional studies, samples recruited in hospitals or schools, adolescents, females, the purpose of self-harm (NSSI), mental symptoms and restriction experiences. CONCLUSIONS We provided the first meta-analytic estimated prevalence of self-harm based on a large sample from different countries and populations. The prevalence of self-harm during COVID-19 was not encouraging and requires attention and intervention. Further high-quality and prospective research are needed in order to determine the prevalence of self-harm with greater accuracy because to the clear heterogeneity across the included studies. In addition, this study also provides new directions for future research, including the identification of high-risk groups for self-harm, the formulation and implementation of prevention and intervention programs, and the long-term impact of COVID-19 on self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, ShuShan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, No. 69 Mei Shan Road, ShuShan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Haiou Zou
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shi Jing Shan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Department of Nursing, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Nandian Road, Chang Ping District, Beijing, 102208, China
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O'Brien SC, Cole LD, Albanese BA, Mahon A, Knight V, Williams N, Severson R, Burakoff A, Alden NB, Dominguez SR. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Compared with Confirmed COVID-19 Cases among Children, Colorado, USA, May-July 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:929-936. [PMID: 36972709 PMCID: PMC10124638 DOI: 10.3201/eid2905.221541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among children with seropositive confirmed COVID-19 case counts (case ascertainment by molecular amplification) in Colorado, USA, we conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey during May-July 2021. For a convenience sample of 829 Colorado children, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 36.7%, compared with prevalence of 6.5% according to individually matched COVID-19 test results reported to public health. Compared with non-Hispanic White children, seroprevalence was higher among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic other race children, and case ascertainment was significantly lower among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children. This serosurvey accurately estimated SARS-CoV-2 prevalence among children compared with confirmed COVID-19 case counts and revealed substantial racial/ethnic disparities in infections and case ascertainment. Continued efforts to address racial and ethnic differences in disease burden and to overcome potential barriers to case ascertainment, including access to testing, may help mitigate these ongoing disparities.
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Gollakota ARK, Shu CM. Covid-19 and energy sector: Unique opportunity for switching to clean energy. Gondwana Res 2023; 114:93-116. [PMID: 35136377 PMCID: PMC8815279 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was extended to 213 countries globally by August 2021. The world has been threatened by rising infection rates and emerged as the catastrophic event in the field of health triggering the international emergency panic button. COVID-19's sudden arrival wreaked havoc on the world economic picture, particularly in the energy sector. A steep drop in oil prices, as well as an imbalance in energy, was the result of strict travel restrictions, fewer transportation options, and people's fears of a flu pandemic. However, confined mobility and a drop in energy demand coated the environment with a silver line and drowned the nation's economic opportunities. Industrial transport, and not to mention every conventional energy-related thing, is completely devastated, but renewables were immunized. Wind, solar, hydrothermal, hydrogen, biomass-based energy systems were on high gear yielding maximum results in counterbalancing the demand-supply chain. Moreover, the pandemic created an opportunity to showcase the importance of renewable energy and tackle the difficult emergency like now. In addition to this, the mindset of the investors was slowly fading away from conventional fuels and shifting towards renewable energy. However, it is too early to state the booming renewables at the moment, and no idea about its long-time survival. Thus, the present review gives a clear picture of the current status of fossils and renewables, the impact of a pandemic, energy investments, government policy standings, threats, and opportunities, and finally, the key takeaways avoiding energy scarcity in once a lifetime disaster situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani R K Gollakota
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chi-Min Shu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 64002, Taiwan ROC
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Leung T, Kumar P, Abhishek K. A Metasynthesis and Meta-analysis of the Impact and Diagnostic Safety of COVID-19 Symptom Agnostic Rapid Testing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41132. [PMID: 36602849 PMCID: PMC9822567 DOI: 10.2196/41132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amid all public health measures to contain COVID-19, the most challenging has been how to break the transmission chain. This has been even more challenging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A public health emergency warrants a public health perspective, which comes down to prevention. Rapid mass testing has been advocated throughout the pandemic as a way to promptly deal with asymptomatic infections, but its usefulness in LMICs is yet to be fully understood. OBJECTIVE The study objectives of this paper are to (1) investigate the impact of the different rapid mass testing options for SARS-CoV-2 that have been delivered at point of care in LMICs and (2) evaluate the diagnostic safety (accuracy) of rapid mass testing for SARS-CoV-2 in LMICs. METHODS This review will systematically search records in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library, Global Index Medicus COVID-19 Register, and Scopus. Records will be managed using Mendeley reference manager and SWIFT-Review. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the RoB 2 assessment tool, while nonrandomized interventions will be assessed using the tool developed by the Evidence Project. A narrative approach will be used to synthesize data under the first objective, and either a meta-analysis or synthesis without meta-analysis for the second objective. Tables, figures, and textual descriptions will be used to present findings. The overall body of evidence for the first objective will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) approach, and for the second objective using GRADE. RESULTS The screening of records has been finalized. We hope to finalize the synthesis by the end of February 2023 and to prepare the manuscript for publication by April 2023. The study will be reported in accordance with standard guidelines for the reporting of systematic reviews. Review results will be disseminated through conferences and their peer-reviewed publication in a relevant journal. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the role of a preventive approach in infection control using rapid mass testing. It also flags the overriding need to involve users and providers in the evaluation of such tests in the settings for which they are intended. This will be the first review to the best of our knowledge to generate both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding rapid mass testing specific to LMICs. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022283776; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=283776. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/41132.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratyush Kumar
- Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, New Delhi, India
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14
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Wang W, Cai J, Xu J, Wang Y, Zou Y. Prediction of the COVID-19 infectivity and the sustainable impact on public health under deep learning algorithm. Soft comput 2023; 27:2695-704. [PMID: 34456617 DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to explore the development trend of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) and predict the infectivity of 2019-nCoV (2019 Novel Coronavirus), as well as its impact on public health. First, the existing data are analyzed through data pre-processing to extract useful feature factors. Then, the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) prediction model in the deep learning algorithm is used to predict the epidemic situation in Hubei Province, outside Hubei nationwide, and the whole country, respectively. Meanwhile, the impact of intervention time changes on the epidemic situation is compared. The results show that the prediction results are almost consistent with the actual values. Specifically, Hubei Province abolishes quarantine restrictions after the Spring Festival holiday, and the first COVID-19 peak is reached in late February, while the second COVID-19 peak has been reached in early March. Finally, the cumulative number of diagnoses reaches 85,000 cases, with an increase of 15,000 cases compared with the nationwide cases outside Hubei under the continuous implementation of prevention and control measures. Under the prediction of the proposed LSTM model, if the nationwide implementation of prevention and control interventions is postponed by 5 days, the epidemic will peak in early March, and the cumulative number of diagnoses will be about 200,000; and if the intervention measures are implemented five days earlier, the epidemic will peak in mid-February, with a cumulative number of diagnoses of approximately 40,000. Meanwhile, the proposed LSTM model predicts the RMSE values of the epidemic situation in Hubei Province, outside Hubei nationwide, and the whole country as 34.63, 75.42, and 50.27, respectively. Under model comparison analysis, the prediction error of the proposed LSTM model is small and has better applicability over similar algorithms. The results show that the LSTM model is effective and has high performance in infectious disease prediction, and the research results can provide scientific and effective references for subsequent related research.
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15
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Smith JA, DeVito N, Lee H, Tiplady C, Abhari RE, Kartsonaki C. Estimating the effect of COVID-19 on trial design characteristics: a registered report. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:201543. [PMID: 36686547 PMCID: PMC9832295 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There have been reports of poor-quality research during the COVID-19 pandemic. This registered report assessed design characteristics of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 trials to empirically explore the design of clinical research during a pandemic and how it compares to research conducted in non-pandemic times. We did a retrospective cohort study with a 1 : 1 ratio of interventional COVID-19 registrations to non-COVID-19 registrations, with four trial design outcomes: use of control arm, randomization, blinding and prospective registration. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio of investigating COVID-19 versus not COVID-19 and estimate direct and total effects of investigating COVID-19 for each outcome. The primary analysis showed a positive direct and total effect of COVID-19 on the use of control arms and randomization. It showed a negative direct effect of COVID-19 on blinding but no evidence of a total effect. There was no evidence of an effect on prospective registration. Taken together with secondary and sensitivity analyses, our findings are inconclusive but point towards a higher prevalence of key design characteristics in COVID-19 trials versus controls. The findings do not support much existing COVID-19 research quality literature, which generally suggests that COVID-19 led to a reduction in quality. Limitations included some data quality issues, minor deviations from the pre-registered plan and the fact that trial registrations were analysed which may not accurately reflect study design and conduct. Following in-principle acceptance, the approved stage 1 version of this manuscript was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5YAEB. This pre-registration was performed prior to data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Smith
- Botnar Research Centre and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nicholas DeVito
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Hopin Lee
- Botnar Research Centre and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Catherine Tiplady
- Botnar Research Centre and Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Roxanna E. Abhari
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
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Duan XC, Li XZ, Martcheva M, Yuan S. Using an age-structured COVID-19 epidemic model and data to model virulence evolution in Wuhan, China. J Biol Dyn 2022; 16:14-28. [PMID: 34994299 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2021.2020916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a disease caused by infection with the virus 2019-nCoV, a single-stranded RNA virus. During the infection and transmission processes, the virus evolves and mutates rapidly, though the disease has been quickly controlled in Wuhan by 'Fangcang' hospitals. To model the virulence evolution, in this paper, we formulate a new age structured epidemic model. Under the tradeoff hypothesis, two special scenarios are used to study the virulence evolution by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Results show that, before 'Fangcang' hospitals, two scenarios are both consistent with the data. After 'Fangcang' hospitals, Scenario I rather than Scenario II is consistent with the data. It is concluded that the transmission pattern of COVID-19 in Wuhan obey Scenario I rather than Scenario II. Theoretical analysis show that, in Scenario I, shortening the value of L (diagnosis period) can result in an enormous selective pressure on the evolution of 2019-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chao Duan
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Zhi Li
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maia Martcheva
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sanling Yuan
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Approximately 15%-19% of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections develop gastrointestinal symptoms. Acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported in 0.1% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biliary AP was most common (78.4%) before the COVID-19 pandemic; idiopathic AP is most common in patients with COVID-19 (up to 57.1%). The number of emergency department presentations decreased by 23.3% during the pandemic and many governments made national recommendations to delay nonurgent endoscopic procedures, leading to decrements of 22% in combined esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy and 20% in EGD after the COVID-19 pandemic. The symptoms and signs of COVID-19-related AP are fever (63%), abdominal pain (58%), respiratory symptoms (40%), nausea and vomiting (39%), and headache (4%). Approximately 5-10% of patients develop necrotizing or hemorrhagic AP, and patients who required surgical intervention had a higher mortality risk. Compared to 2019, the rates of elective surgery decreased by 41.8% in 2020; including cholecystectomy (40.1% decrease) and pancreas (111.1% decrease). Surgical volumes also decreased by 18.7% in 2020; device-assisted laparoscopic and robot-assisted procedures reduced by 45.4% and 61.9% during the COVID-19 Lockdown in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jang Su
- Toxicology Division, Emergency Department, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hao Chen
- Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Xu A, Yu M, Xu Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Yang G, Song C, Wu X, Lu Y. Aptamer-Gated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for N Protein Triggered Release of Remdesivir and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV). Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:950. [PMID: 36354459 PMCID: PMC9688528 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak was first reported, hundreds of millions of people all over the world have been infected. There is no doubt that improving the cure rate of 2019-nCoV is one of the most effective means to deal with the current serious epidemic. At present, Remdesivir (RDV) has been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. However, the uncertain side effects make it important to reduce the use of drugs while ensuring the self-healing effect. We report an approach here with targeted therapy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses illness. In this study, mesoporous silica was used as the carrier of RDV, the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) aptamer was hybridized with the complementary chain, and the double-stranded DNA was combined with gold nanoparticles as the gates of mesoporous silica pores. When the RDV-loaded mesoporous silica is incubated with the N protein, aptamer with gold nanoparticles dissociate from the complementary DNA oligonucleotide on the mesoporous silica surface and bind to the N protein. The releasing of RDV was determined by detecting the UV-vis absorption peak of RDV in the solution. These results show that the RDV delivery system designed in this work has potential clinical application for the treatment of 2019-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Aoqiong Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengdi Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Gege Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chunxia Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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19
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Shields LBE, Daniels MW, Peppas DS, White JT, Mohamed AZ, Canalichio K, Rosenberg S, Rosenberg E. Surge in testicular torsion in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1660-1663. [PMID: 34392971 PMCID: PMC9282895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular torsion is a pediatric surgical emergency, and prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric patients with symptoms of testicular torsion may be reluctant to seek medical care which increases the likelihood of delayed presentation and the need for an orchiectomy. This observational study sought to determine whether there was a higher number of testicular torsion cases during COVID-19. METHODS As the first patient with COVID-19 was admitted to our facility on March 6, 2020, we identified male children ages 1-18 years with testicular torsion between March 1-December 31, 2020 (during COVID-19) compared to the same time period between 2015 and 2019 (prior to COVID-19). All patients were evaluated at our Institution's Emergency Department by a pediatric urologist. RESULTS There were 38 cases of testicular torsion between March 1-December 31, 2020 compared to 15.8 cases on average during the same 10-month period between 2015 and 2019 (a total of 79 cases). There was a statistically significant increase in testicular torsion cases during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to equivalent time periods in 2015-2019 (38 vs. 15.8, p = 0.05). Patients with testicular torsion during the COVID-19 pandemic were younger, had a longer duration of symptoms, and had a higher number of orchiectomies (although not statistically significant). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, an escalation in testicular torsion cases was observed. Timely assessment, diagnosis, and surgery are crucial to prevent testicular loss and potential infertility in the future. Further evaluation is needed to elucidate the surge in testicular torsion and possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, 210 East Gray Street, Suite 1102, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael W Daniels
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Dennis S Peppas
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA
| | - Jeffrey T White
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA
| | - Ahmad Z Mohamed
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Katie Canalichio
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA
| | - Shilo Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Eran Rosenberg
- Norton Children's Urology, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40207, USA.
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20
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Sun XH, Zhang S, Yang Z, Chen ZL, Yue SJ, Zhang S, Tang YP. Efficacy and Safety of Lianhua Qingwen for Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:650-660. [PMID: 35776293 PMCID: PMC9247911 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world since its outbreak, and there is no ascertained effective drug up to now. Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) has been widely used in China and overseas Chinese, which had some advantages in the treatment of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LHQW for COVID-19 by conducting a systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in 12 electronic databases from their establishment to October 30, 2021. Note Express 3.2.0 was used for screening of trials, and the data was independently extracted in duplicate by 2 researchers. The risk of bias of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective studies were assessed by using the Cochrane collaboration tool and Newcastle Ottawa Scale, respectively, followed by data analysis using RevMan 5.3. The RCTs or retrospective studies to treat COVID-19 using LHQW were included. The intervention measures in the experimental group were LHQW alone or combined with chemical drugs (LCWC), and that in the control group were chemical drugs (CDs). Outcome measures included computed tomography (CT) recovery rate, disappearance rates of primary (fever, cough, fatigue), respiratory, gastrointestinal and other symptoms, exacerbation rate and adverse reaction. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to whether LHQW was combined with CDs and the different treatment methods in the control group. RESULTS Nine trials with 1,152 participants with COVID-19 were included. The CT recovery rates of LHQW and LCWC were 1.36 and 1.32 times of CDs, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with CDs, LCWC remarkably increased the disappearance rates of fever, cough, fatigue, expectoration, shortness of breath, and muscle soreness (P<0.05). LHQW also obviously decreased the exacerbation rate, which was 0.45 times of CDs alone (P<0.05). There was no obvious difference between LCWC and CDs in adverse reaction (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS LHQW was more suitable for treating COVID-19 patients with obvious expectoration, shortness of breath and muscle soreness. LHQW had advantages in treating COVID-19 with no obvious exacerbation. (PROSPERO No. CRD42021235937).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.,Nanjing Bestform Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Chen
- International Programs Office, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
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21
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Wei-Ning Hu, Dong-Yue Li, Wing-Kai Lam, Yi Wang, Duo Wai-Chi Wong, James Chung-Wai Cheung. Physical Fitness of Chinese Primary School Students across the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Retrospective Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:7870. [PMID: 35805528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social distancing measures against COVID-19 imposed restrictions on students that may have affected their physical health and fitness. The objective of this study was to investigate the change in physical fitness of primary school students across the coronavirus outbreaks from 2019 to 2021. This was a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study. We obtained the annual physical and fitness assessment data measured every November for all students at the same primary school in Guangzhou, China. There was a total of 6371 observations in the dataset for three years. The physical fitness of the students was evaluated with an overall physical fitness score, body mass index (BMI), lung vital capacity, physical flexibility (via a sit-and-reach test) and sports task performances (sprint, shuttle run, rope-jumping, and sit-up). Generalised estimating equations were used to determine any significant changes from 2019 to 2021, adjusted for confounders. After the COVID-19 outbreak in 2021, there was a significant elevation in BMI of 0.64 kg/m2 in 2020 and 0.39 kg/m2 in 2021 (p < 0.001). The overall physical fitness score was significantly increased by 2.1 and 4.1 points, respectively, in 2020 and 2021 (p < 0.001). Lung vital capacity and rope-jumping performance were significantly improved in both 2020 and 2021 compared with 2019, and sit-up performance was marginally significantly improved in 2020 and significantly improved in 2021. However, students demonstrated poorer flexibility and sprint and shuttle run performance in 2021 compared with 2019. A health promotion programme during and after COVID-19, including online physical education classes, television broadcasts, and a rope-jumping campaign, could account for these positive outcomes, along with the ease of administering rope-jumping and sit-ups at home.
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22
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Walsh A, Harris S, Beranek P, Vial S, Cruickshank T, Turner M. Effect of physical activity during COVID-19 on the sleep health of community-level athletes in Australia. Sport Sci Health 2022; 18:1475-1481. [PMID: 35669926 PMCID: PMC9154202 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak presents a serious health challenges, with Australia enforcing tight restrictions, impacting sporting activities and sleep health of many Australians. Routine lifestyle patterns (physical activity and employment) are important to maintaining overall sleep health. Current literature indicates COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the employment status and sport engagement. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of physical activity during COVID-19 on sleep health, and its association with employment and sport engagement of community-level athletes throughout Australia. Participants self-reported sleep health prior to COVID-19 (pre-sleep) and over the month prior to data collection (during-sleep) using the validated 5-item Satisfaction Alertness Timing Efficiency and Duration questionnaire (SATED). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test assessed the difference in pre- and during perceived sleep health scores. A generalized linear model was used to assess the impact of sporting and demographic factors on a community athlete’s change in perceived sleep health score. A total of 139 community-level Australian athletes responded. The majority of participants were aged 18–30 and engaged in full-time employment prior to COVID-19 (n = 82, 54%). Eight percent of participants were unemployed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 12, 8%). Our findings show that sleep health values were higher during COVID-19, with 91.4% of respondents able to maintain some form of physical activity during the pandemic. Together, our results show better sleep health scores reported by the respondents who maintained or lost employment and maintained sporting engagements during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Walsh
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Sarah Harris
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Philipp Beranek
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Shayne Vial
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Travis Cruickshank
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
| | - Mitchell Turner
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027 Australia
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23
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Shuwen H, Yinhang W, Jing M, Gong C, Xiaohui H, Xi Y, Wei W. Open Reading Frame-3a gene of the 2019 novel coronavirus inhibits the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35306605 PMCID: PMC8934246 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microecology is composed of bacteria, fungi and viruses. As a part of intestinal microecology, viruses participate in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. The 2019-nCoV was detected in stool samples from patients during COVID-19, suggesting that the 2019-nCoV may be associated with intestinal microecology. However, the relationship of the 2019-nCoV and CRC is unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the role of Open Reading Frame-3a (ORF3a) of the 2019-nCoV in CRC. After the pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro vector that provides high expression of ORF3a was transfected into the SW480 CRC cell line, immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization of ORF3a in SW480 cells. The proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression of SW480 cells were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, Transwell assay, flow cytometry, the TUNEL assay, and propidium iodide single staining. The results showed that ORF3a inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of SW480 cells and induced their apoptosis after 24, 48, 72 h. Meanwhile, ORF3a inhibited the cell cycle and blocked SW480 CRC cells in the G1 phase. In in vivo experiments, high ORF3a expression was associated with decreased tumor volume, tumor weight, relative tumor volume, and tumor activity. ORF3a inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis of tumor tissues. Based on this, we demonstrated that ORF3a might play a role in CRC, providing a new direction for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- Graduate School of Second Clinical Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Mao Jing
- Graduate School of Medical College of Zhejiang University, No. 268 Kaixuan RoadJianggan District, Hangzhou, 310029 Zhejiang China
| | - Chen Gong
- Clinical Medicine of Huzhou University, Medical College of Huzhou University, No. 759, Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Hou Xiaohui
- Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 1 Bachelor Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000 Zhejiang China
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24
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Li H, He J, Chen J, Pan S, Feng J, Liu S. The governance of imported 2019-nCov infections: What can be learned from China's experience? Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:8. [PMID: 35264241 PMCID: PMC8905030 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta and Omicron variants of 2019-nCoV are still spreading globally, and many imported infections have been identified in China as well. In order to control the spread chain from imported to local, China has implemented the dynamic Covid-zero policy. In this article we summarized China's governance models and practices of fighting potential imported infections in two directions. One targets at international travelers, which can be outlined as four lines of defense: customs epidemic prevention, quarantine upon arrival, relevant laws and regulations, and community tracking. The other is against other vectors potentially carrying 2019-nCoV, which can be outlined by three lines of defense: customs epidemic prevention, disinfection and personal protection, and information management. However, there are still some challenges that are yet to be addressed, such as illegal immigration, accidental occupational exposure to 2019-nCoV, etc. China's experience indicates that no country can stay safe during the global pandemic as long as there are local outbreaks in other countries, and active prevention and control measures based on science and a complete set of laws and regulations are still necessary at current stage. What's more, accountable government commitment and leadership, strengthened health and social governance systems, and whole society participation are required. It is suggested that the global community continue to closely cooperate together and take active rather than passive actions to block the potential imported 2019-nCoV from causing local spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Global Health Institute/School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Global Health Institute/School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- School of Law, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuning Pan
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiehan Feng
- Institute of International Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Law School, Tianjin University, No.92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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25
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Khamees A, Bani-Issa J, Zoubi MSA, Qasem T, AbuAlArjah MI, Alawadin SA, Al-Shami K, Hussein FE, Hussein E, Bashayreh IH, Tambuwala MM, Al-Saghir M, Cornelison CT. SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease Mitigation: Treatment Options, Vaccinations and Variants. Pathogens 2022; 11:275. [PMID: 35215217 PMCID: PMC8876838 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which was declared as a pandemic after it emerged in China 2019. A vast international effort has been conducted to prevent and treat COVID-19 due to its high transmissibility and severe morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in individuals with chronic co-morbidities. In addition, polymorphic variants increased the need for proper vaccination to overcome the infectivity of new variants that are emerging across the globe. Many treatment options have been proposed and more than 25 vaccines are in various stages of development; however, the infection peaks are oscillating periodically, which raises a significant question about the effectiveness of the prevention measures and the persistence of this pandemic disease. In this review, we are exploring the most recent knowledge and advances in the treatment and vaccination options as well as the new emerging variants of 2019-nCoV and the possible mitigation of one of the most aggressive pandemics in the last centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almu’atasim Khamees
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (A.K.); (J.B.-I.); (K.A.-S.); (F.E.H.)
| | - Jamal Bani-Issa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (A.K.); (J.B.-I.); (K.A.-S.); (F.E.H.)
| | - Mazhar Salim Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (M.S.A.Z.); (T.Q.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Taqwa Qasem
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (M.S.A.Z.); (T.Q.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Manal Issam AbuAlArjah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (M.S.A.Z.); (T.Q.); (M.I.A.)
| | | | - Khayry Al-Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (A.K.); (J.B.-I.); (K.A.-S.); (F.E.H.)
| | - Farah E. Hussein
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan; (A.K.); (J.B.-I.); (K.A.-S.); (F.E.H.)
| | - Emad Hussein
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, A’Sharqiyah University, P.O. Box 42, Ibra 400, Oman;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim H. Bashayreh
- Nursing Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al-Ain Campus, P.O. Box 24162, Abu-Dhabi 31201, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Mohannad Al-Saghir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH 43701, USA;
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26
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Luo H, Wang Y, Liu S, Chen R, Chen T, Yang Y, Wang D, Ju S. Associations between CT pulmonary opacity score on admission and clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:153-163. [PMID: 34191219 PMCID: PMC8243308 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated associations between chest computed tomography (CT) pulmonary opacity score on admission and clinical features and outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The retrospective multi-center cohort study included 496 COVID-19 patients in Jiangsu province, China diagnosed as of March 15, 2020. Patients were divided into four groups based on the quartile of pulmonary opacity score: ≤ 5%, 6-20%, 21-40% and 41% +. CT pulmonary opacity score was independently associated with age, single onset, fever, cough, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, lymphocyte count, platelet count, albumin level, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and fibrinogen level on admission. Patients with score ≥ 41% had a dramatic increased risk of severe or critical illness [odds ratio (OR), 15.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.82-63.53), intensive care unit (ICU)] admission (OR, 6.26, 95% CI 2.15-18.23), respiratory failure (OR, 19.49, 95% CI 4.55-83.40), and a prolonged hospital stay (coefficient, 2.59, 95% CI 0.46-4.72) compared to those with score ≤ 5%. CT pulmonary opacity score on admission, especially when ≥ 41%, was closely related to some clinical characteristics and was an independent predictor of disease severity, ICU admission, respiratory failure and long hospital stay in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyuan Luo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Songqiao Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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27
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Mousavi SA, Heydari K, Mehravaran H, Saeedi M, Alizadeh‐Navaei R, Hedayatizadeh‐Omran A, Shamshirian A. Melatonin effects on sleep quality and outcomes of COVID-19 patients: An open-label, randomized, controlled trial. J Med Virol 2022; 94:263-271. [PMID: 34460132 PMCID: PMC8662261 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adding melatonin to the treatment protocol of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This was an open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were randomized into a treatment arm receiving melatonin plus standard care or a control arm receiving standard care alone. The trial's primary endpoint was sleep quality examined by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ). The trial's secondary endpoints were symptoms alleviation by Day 7, intensive care unit admission, 10-day mortality, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein status, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation. Ninety-six patients were recruited and allocated to either the melatonin arm (n = 48) or control arm (n = 48). Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment arms. There was no significant difference in symptoms on Day 7. The mean of the LSEQ scores was significantly higher in the melatonin group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in laboratory data, except for blood oxygen saturation, which has improved significantly in the melatonin group compared with the control group (95.81% vs. 93.65% respectively, p = 0.003). This clinical trial study showed that the combination of oral melatonin tablets and standard treatment could substantially improve sleep quality and blood oxygen saturation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Abbas Mousavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Keyvan Heydari
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesRamsarIran
| | - Hossein Mehravaran
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Akbar Hedayatizadeh‐Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Amir Shamshirian
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical ScienceMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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Celik E, Gul M. How Covid-19 pandemic and partial lockdown decisions affect air quality of a city? The case of Istanbul, Turkey. Environ Dev Sustain 2022; 24:1616-1654. [PMID: 33776552 PMCID: PMC7988252 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The world is currently struggling with a new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic that first appeared in Wuhan, China, and then spread to almost all countries. As in other countries of the world, public authorities in Turkey are implementing many preventive and mitigating partial lockdown (PL) actions against the virus's effects. Some decisions and policies implemented before and after March 11, 2020, when the first virus case has been identified, have reduced people and traffic circulation, which has also turned into some improvements in air quality. At this point, this study aims to investigate how this pandemic affects the air quality of a metropolis. A case study of the city of Istanbul, the most affected city with more than half of Turkey's cases, is performed. In our analysis, we observe, compare, and discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and PL decisions on Istanbul city's air quality. We consider the particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ozone (O3) concentrations. We used data from 19 air monitoring stations (AMSs) and obtained improvements in the air quality for the pandemic period. In summary, the concentration levels in PM10, NO2, NO, and NOx result in a clear decline in pandemic times compared to the normal times in Istanbul. On the other hand, a non-homogenous trend for SO2 and CO concentrations is observed for different AMSs. A partial increase in O2 concentration is obtained in the comparison of before and during the PL period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Celik
- Department of Transportation and
Logistics, Istanbul University, 34322 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Gul
- Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
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Nacif LS, Fernandes MR, Waisberg DR, Pinheiro RS, Rocha-Santos V, Galvão F, Andraus W, Carneiro-D'Albuquerque L. Liver transplant after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100042. [PMID: 35870265 PMCID: PMC9040369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically impacted liver organ transplantation. The American Society of Transplantation recommends a minimum of 28 days after symptom resolution for organ donation. However, the exact time for transplantation for recipients is unknown. Considering that mortality on the waiting list for patients with MELD >25 or fulminant hepatitis is higher than that of COVID-19, the best time for surgery after SARS-CoV-2 infection remains undetermined. This study aims to expand the current knowledge regarding the Liver Transplantation (LT) time for patients after COVID-19 and to provide transplant physicians with essential decision-making tools to manage these critically ill patients during the pandemic. METHODS Systematic review of patients who underwent liver transplantation after diagnosis of COVID-19. The MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Embase, and Scielo databases were searched until June 20, 2021. The MESH terms used were "COVID-19" and "Liver transplantation". RESULTS 558 articles were found; of these 13 articles and a total of 18 cases of COVID-19 prior to liver transplantation were reported. The mean age was 38.7±14.6, with male prevalence. Most had mild symptoms of COVID. Five patients have specific treatment for COVID-19 with convalescent plasm or remdesivir/oseltamivir, just one patient received hydroxychloroquine, and 12 patients received only symptomatic treatment. The median time between COVID-19 to LT was 19 days (13.5‒44.5). Deceased donor liver transplantation accounted for 61% of cases, while living donor transplantation was 39%. CONCLUSION Despite the concerns regarding the postoperative evolution, the mortality of patients with high MELD or fulminant hepatitis transplanted shortly after COVID-19 diagnosis does not seem to be higher. (PROSPERO, registration number = CRD42021261790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Nacif
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Michel Ribeiro Fernandes
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Waisberg
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Pinheiro
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rocha-Santos
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Galvão
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carneiro-D'Albuquerque
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Feng Z. A pregnant woman with COVID-19 gives birth to premature triplets: A case report and literature review. Med Int (Lond) 2022; 2:6. [PMID: 36700154 PMCID: PMC9829195 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, no case report has been published to date concerning the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment plan for pregnant women with triplets, as well as on the possibility of a vertical transmission to triplets delivered prematurely by a pregnant woman with COVID-19. The present study thus describes such as case. A 29-year-old local resident, a woman with COVID-19, who was pregnant with triplets, had not moved from her residence for the past 6 months. The main symptoms mentioned by the patient on the day of admission were the following: The patient was in the 28th week of pregnancy, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid positive test 13 h prior to admission. Additionally, the patient had a high fever and dyspnea after admission. The patient was treated with convalescent plasma from patients with COVID-19 and methylprednisolone, at the same time her anemia, anxiety and insomnia were treated. Subsequently, the patient's condition improved, and normal body temperature was restored. Cesarean section was performed due to severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and due to the fetuses being located in three chorionic and amniotic cavities, and due to the fact that each of the three infants was in a different position (cephalic, breech and transverse position). Following delivery, total bile acid values and liver function improved gradually, and the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was negative consecutively for two tests, and the woman was then discharged from the hospital. Each premature infant born by caesarean section was individually transported to a neonatal intensive care unit for isolation treatment, with the neonatal escorts and transport teams wearing secondary protective clothing. All three premature infants were transitioned gradually from parenteral intravenous nutrition to full oral feeding. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test results were negative for all infants. 2019-nCoV IgM test results were negative and IgG were positive for all infants. The pregnant woman and the three premature infants were successfully treated and discharged after they felt no discomfort and were negative consecutively for two 2019-nCoV nucleic acid tests. The three premature infants were monitored for growth and development until December, 2021, and eye, lung, heart, brain, liver, kidney, intestine and other organ functions were normal. The present study reports on the treatment and delivery outcomes of a woman with COVID-19, who was pregnant with triplets. The present case report demonstrated that although the pregnant woman with triplets was suffering from COVID-19, all three premature infants delivered by cesarean section did not present with intrauterine vertical infection, and abnormal growth and development were not observed. The convalescent plasma of patients with COVID-19 and methylprednisolone were effective for the treatment of a continuously high fever, and the timely treatment of complications is helpful for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Medical University (Dehong People's Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Department of Neonatology, Ruili Chinese Medicine and Dai Medical Hospital, Ruili, Yunnan 678600, P.R. China
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31
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Mao XD, Liu KS, Yao YP, Xu ZR. Potential effects of COVID-19 on reproductive health: a mini review. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13321-13327. [PMID: 35035678 PMCID: PMC8748173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a major public health problem worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity is extremely strong. One major target of the virus is the lung, which can lead to death due to the development of respiratory distress syndrome and even multiple system organ failure. The possible pathophysiology by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the object is by way of the receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). From the study of the viral structure and infection mechanisms, researchers have discovered that the ACE2 acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. According to previous studies, ACE2 is one of the key enzymes in the RAS system. Physiological functions can be found in angiosarcomas and in the kidney, liver, intestine and so on. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to male fertility impairment has recently received attention. Nevertheless, the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and reproductive health is currently poorly understood. Using key words including "SARS-CoV-2", "reproductive health", "ACE2" and "2019-nCoV", we retrieved original articles and reviews from the PubMed and WEB OF SCI databases published before December 16, 2020 and performed a thorough review of them. Compared with females, we discovered that infected person with SARS-CoV-2 was higher in males. Men who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be easy to suffer from impaired reproductive health. These investigations would help for a comprehensive grasp of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang-Sheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Xiangcheng People’s HospitalSuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Li N, Shi L, Zou X, Wang T, Wang D, Gong Z, Fan M. Fluorescence immunoassay rapid detection of 2019-nCoV antibody based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between graphene quantum dots and Ag@Au nanoparticle. Microchem J 2021; 173:107046. [PMID: 34866656 PMCID: PMC8632743 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has dramatically changed the world, is a highly contagious virus. The timely and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections is vital for disease control and prevention. Here in this work, a fluorescence immunoassay was developed to detect 2019 Novel Coronavirus antibodies (2019-nCoV mAb). Fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and Ag@Au nanoparticles (Ag@AuNPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) enables effective quenching of GQDs fluorescence by Ag@AuNPs. With the presence of 2019-nCoV mAb, a steric hindrance was observed between the Ag@AuNPs-NCP (2019-nCoV antigen) complex and GQDs, which reduced the FRET efficiency and restored the fluorescence of GQDs. The fluorescence enhancement efficiency has a satisfactory linear relationship with the logarithm of the 2019-nCoV mAb in a concentration range of 0.1 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1, and the limit of detection was 50 fg mL−1. The method has good selectivity. When the serum sample was spiked with 2019-nCoV mAb, the recovery rate was between 90.8% and 103.3%. The fluorescence immunosensor demonstrates the potential to complement the existing serological assays for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Linhong Shi
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.,State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu 611756, China
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Yin C, Yau SS. Inverted repeats in coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 genome manifest the evolution events. J Theor Biol 2021; 530:110885. [PMID: 34478743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The world faces a great unforeseen challenge through the COVID-19 pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The virus genome structure and evolution are positioned front and center for further understanding insights on vaccine development, monitoring of transmission trajectories, and prevention of zoonotic infections of new coronaviruses. Of particular interest are genomic elements Inverse Repeats (IRs), which maintain genome stability, regulate gene expressions, and are the targets of mutations. However, little research attention is given to the IR content analysis in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. In this study, we propose a geometric analysis method and using the method to investigate the distributions of IRs in SARS-CoV-2 and its related coronavirus genomes. The method represents each genomic IR sequence pair as a single point and constructs the geometric shape of the genome using the IRs. Thus, the IR shape can be considered as the signature of the genome. The genomes of different coronaviruses are then compared using the constructed IR shapes. The results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 genome, specifically, has an abundance of IRs, and the IRs in coronavirus genomes show an increase during evolution events.
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34
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Abayomi A, Osibogun A, Ezechi O, Wright K, Ola B, Ojo O, Kuyinu Y, Zamba E, Abdur-Razzaq H, Erinoso OA, Anya SE. A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of chloroquine phosphate, hydroxychloroquine sulphate and lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 in Lagos State: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:869. [PMID: 34863267 PMCID: PMC8642768 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. It was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Outbreak forecasting and mathematical modelling suggest that these numbers will continue to rise. Early identification of effective remedies that can shorten the duration and severity of illness is critical for Lagos State, which is the epi-centre of the disease in Nigeria. Methods This is a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled superiority trial. The study investigates the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate, hydroxychloroquine sulphate and lopinavir/ritonavir added on to standard of care compared to standard of care only in patients with COVID-19 disease. The primary outcome is the clinical status of patients measured using a 7-point ordinal scale at day 15. Research participants and clinicians will be blinded to the allocated intervention. Outcome measures will be directly assessed by clinicians. Statistical analysis will be done by a team blinded to the identity and allocation of research participants. Data analysis will follow intention-to-treat methods, using R software. Discussion The current study is of strategic importance for Lagos State in potentially curbing the health, social and economic burden of COVID-19 disease. Should the current study demonstrate that either of the three intervention drugs is more efficacious than standard therapy alone, the State Ministry of Health will develop an evidence-based guideline for the management of COVID-19 in Lagos State. The findings will also be shared nationally and with other states which may lead to a standardized national guideline for the treatment of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trials Register PACTR202004801273802. Registered prospectively on April 2, 2020 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05675-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abayomi
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Osibogun
- Lagos State Primary Health Care Board, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - K Wright
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Ola
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ojo
- Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Y Kuyinu
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Zamba
- Lagos State Health Management Agency, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - H Abdur-Razzaq
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O A Erinoso
- Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - S E Anya
- Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
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Abstract
The development of vaccines against infectious diseases has helped us battle the greatest threat to public health. With the emergence of novel viruses, targeted immunotherapeutics ranging from informed vaccine development to personalized medicine may be the very thing that separates us between life and death. Late in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), made a remarkable entrance to human civilization, being one of many to cross the species barrier. This review discusses the important aspects of COVID-19, providing a brief overview of our current understanding of dysregulated immune responses developed using various experimental models, a brief outline of experimental models of COVID-19 and more importantly, the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby A. Escobedo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) Graduate Program, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu S, Bai H, Xue Z, Liu Y, Ma W. Antiviral drugs suppress infection of 2019-nCoV spike pseudotyped virus by interacting with ACE2 protein. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22948. [PMID: 34755435 PMCID: PMC8646714 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has induced a large number of deaths worldwide. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the entry receptor for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) to infect the host cells. Therefore, ACE2 may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of valaciclovir hydrochloride (VACV), zidovudine (ZDV), saquinavir (SQV), and efavirenz (EFV) on 2019‐nCoV infection. The results of molecule docking and surface plasmon resonance showed that VACV, ZDV, SQV, and EFV could bind to ACE2 protein, with the KD value of (4.33 ± 0.09) e−8, (6.29 ± 1.12) e−6, (2.37 ± 0.59) e−5, and (4.85 ± 1.57) e−5 M, respectively. But only ZDV and EFV prevent the 2019‐nCoV spike pseudotyped virus to enter ACE2‐HEK293T cells with an EC50 value of 4.30 ± 1.46 and 3.92 ± 1.36 μM, respectively. ZDV and EFV also have a synergistic effect on preventing entry of virus into cells. In conclusion, ZDV and EFV suppress 2019‐nCoV infection of ACE2‐HEK293T cells by interacting with ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyun Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuoyin Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weina Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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37
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Khan F, Ansari AN, Nayab M. Rationalistic approach in COVID-19 prevention through intervention of Unani medicine prevalent in epidemic - A review. J Herb Med 2021; 30:100515. [PMID: 34722133 PMCID: PMC8547781 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction A novel coronavirus virus (2019-nCoV) emerged in China in December 2019 and achieved a high-risk category by the World Health Organization (WHO). The initial symptoms included fever, cough, dyspnea, and sore throat. The present review aims to evaluate the available evidence for the safety and efficacy of Unani herbal drugs and formulations in the prevention of Wabai Amraz (epidemic diseases) having resemblance to SARS-CoV-2. Methods Sources of data for this paper are classical Unani textbooks, Unani pharmacopeia of India, Indian Medicinal Plants-An Illustrated Dictionary, and published articles in various reputed peer-reviewed journals. Collected information was then critically analyzed. Results Despite great efforts, no specific treatment has been discovered for coronavirus yet. The best choices, therefore, are prevention and management. The Unani system of medicine offers health protection during epidemics. Three important interventions practised during an outbreak are (i) purification of the environment by using certain herbal drugs as fumigants which include vinegar (acetic acid) alone or combined with Ferula foetida Regel; (ii) promotion of health and immune modulation by using the pharmacopoeial preparations Khamira-e-Khashkhash and Khamira-e-Marwareed. Conclusion Several single drugs, as well as compound formulations, have been recommended in Unani medicine for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The pharmacopoeial preparation Tiryaq-e-Nazla has been used for respiratory catarrhal inflammations and influenza by Hakims of the medieval period. Scientific research on these drugs reveals the presence of many pharmacologically active substances possessing significant antiviral, antipyretic, anti-tussive, and immune-modulatory properties, which can give new insight into infection and epidemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khan
- Department of Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Abdul Nasir Ansari
- Department of Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Nayab
- Department of Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Guo Y, Wang B, Gao H, Gao L, Hua R, Xu JD. ACE2 in the Gut: The Center of the 2019-nCoV Infected Pathology. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:708336. [PMID: 34631794 PMCID: PMC8493804 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.708336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019-nCoV is a rapidly contagious pneumonia caused by the recently discovered coronavirus. Although generally the most noticeable symptoms are concentrated in the lungs, the disorders in the gastrointestinal tract are of great importance in the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an important regulator of many physiological functions, including blood pressure and nutrients absorption, is recently identified as a vital entry for 2019-nCoV to enter host cells. In this review, we summarize its functions both physiologically and pathologically. We also elaborate its conflicting roles from the clews of contemporary researches, which may provide significant indications for pharmacological investigations and clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Guo
- Department of Oral Medicine "5+3" Program, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine "5+3" Program, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bogiel T, Rzepka M, Depka D. Reliable Diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Using One- and Two-Gene Molecular Tests for a Viral RNA Detection-Results Questioning Previous Observations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101839. [PMID: 34679537 PMCID: PMC8534906 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus from the Coronaviridae family and its rapid spread is now the most important medical problem worldwide. Currently used tests vary in the number and selection of SARS-CoV-2 target genes. Meanwhile, the choice of the appropriate target gene may be important in terms of a reliable detection of a viral RNA. As some researchers questioned the sensitivity of the monogenic VIASURE SARS-CoV-2 S gene Real Time PCR Detection Kit (CerTest Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain) in mid-2020, the aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of this kit, used along with the BD MAX™ System (Becton Dickinson, East Rutherford, NJ, USA), and compare the results with two-gene Bosphore Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Detection Kit v1 (Anatolia Diagnostics and Biotechnology Products Inc., Istanbul, Turkey). Both tests were carried out on 306 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs. The consistent results (72 positive and 225 negative results found simultaneously in both kits) were obtained for 297 (97.1%) samples altogether, while discrepancies between the results of the evaluated tests were observed for nine (2.9%) specimens. There were no statistically significant differences between the method used and the frequency of positive results. Both tests, targeted at detecting one and two genes, are effective in SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.
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40
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Dërmaku-Sopjani M, Sopjani M. Interactions between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 S protein: peptide inhibitors for potential drug developments against COVID-19. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:729-744. [PMID: 34530706 DOI: 10.2174/1389203722666210916141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) shares some homologies with ACE2. However, they are not inhibited by the same inhibitors, but both are associated primarily with the hypertensive disorder through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The principal activity of ACE2 is to metabolize Ang II into the vasodilatory Ang-(1-7). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought the ACE2 to the center of attention. This coronavirus uses the host cell ACE2 protein to enter and infect the epithelial cells. In light of the virus's entrance into human cells, the differences in the molecular basis of ACE2 among affected patients may cause their different responses to the virus. Many details about the specific Interaction between the viral S protein and ACE2 are already reported. To date, some effective clinically approved vaccines are in use globally and many others are in development, but no effective specific therapeutic drugs are available against COVID19. Inhibitors, especially peptide inhibitors, have a great potential to be used for the treatment of COVID19 and other possible emerging diseases caused by viral pathogens. As a result of the well-known viral protein structures and their host cell targets such as ACE2, antiviral peptides could be appropriately designed and optimized for therapeutic purposes. A better understanding of the structure and pathophysiology of the ACE2 receptor and the interplay between the viral S protein and ACE2 may help to find the solution for the virus treatment. This review summarizes the current understanding of S protein interaction with the ACE2 protein as a potential specific target against SARS-CoV-2 and strategies using peptides against COVID19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prishtina, Str. "Nëna Terezë" p.n. 10 000 Prishtina. Kosova
| | - Mentor Sopjani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Str. Bulevardi i Dëshmorëve, p.n. 10 000 Prishtina. Kosova
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41
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İSTİFLİ ES, ŞIHOĞLU TEPE A, NETZ PA, SARIKÜRKCÜ C, KILIÇ İH, TEPE B. Determination of the interaction between the receptor binding domain of 2019-nCoV spike protein, TMPRSS2, cathepsin B and cathepsin L, and glycosidic and aglycon forms of some flavonols. Turk J Biol 2021; 45:484-502. [PMID: 34803449 PMCID: PMC8573835 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2104-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly spreading disease with a high mortality. In this research, the interactions between specific flavonols and the 2019-nCoV receptor binding domain (RBD), transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and cathepsins (CatB and CatL) were analyzed. According to the relative binding capacity index (RBCI) calculated based on the free energy of binding and calculated inhibition constants, it was determined that robinin (ROB) and gossypetin (GOS) were the most effective flavonols on all targets. While the binding free energy of ROB with the spike glycoprotein RBD, TMPRSS2, CatB, and CatL were -5.02, -7.57, -10.10, and -6.11 kcal/mol, the values for GOS were -4.67, -5.24, -8.31, and -6.76, respectively. Furthermore, both compounds maintained their stability for at least 170 ns on respective targets in molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations also corroborated these data. Considering Lipinski's rule of five, ROB and GOS exhibited 3 (MW>500, N or O>10, NH or OH>5), and 1 (NH or OH>5) violations, respectively. Neither ROB nor GOS showed AMES toxicity or hepatotoxicity. The LD50 of these compounds in rats were 2.482 and 2.527 mol/kg, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that these compounds could be considered as alternative therapeutic agents in the treatment of COVID-19. However, the possible inhibitory effects of these compounds on cytochromes (CYPs) should be verified by in vitro or in vivo tests and their adverse effects on cellular energy metabolism should be minimized by performing molecular modifications if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Salih İSTİFLİ
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, AdanaTurkey
| | - Arzuhan ŞIHOĞLU TEPE
- Kilis 7 Aralık University, Vocational High School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, KilisTurkey
| | - Paulo A. NETZ
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Cengiz SARIKÜRKCÜ
- Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, AfyonkarahisarTurkey
| | - İbrahim Halil KILIÇ
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, GaziantepTurkey
| | - Bektaş TEPE
- Kilis 7 Aralik University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, KilisTurkey
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42
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Mali SN, Thorat BR, Chopade AR. A Viewpoint on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Anti-Hypertensives and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:311-313. [PMID: 32389117 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200511005546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai- 400019, India
| | - Bapu R Thorat
- Department of Chemistry, Government of Maharashtra's Ismail Yusuf College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai 60, India
| | - Atul R Chopade
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra, India
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43
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Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Sullman MJM, Carson-Chahhoud K, Ardalan M, Kolahi AA, Safiri S. How SARS-CoV-2 might affect potassium balance via impairing epithelial sodium channels? Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6655-6661. [PMID: 34392451 PMCID: PMC8364628 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Electrolyte disorders particularly potassium abnormalities have been repeatedly reported as common clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Here, we discuss how SARS-CoV-2 may affect potassium balance by impairing the activity of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). The first hypothesis could justify the incidence of hypokalemia. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may enhance the activity of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) classical axis and further leading to over production of aldosterone. Aldosterone is capable of enhancing the activity of ENaC and resulting in potassium loss from epithelial cells. However, type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) is able to inhibit the ENaC, but it is utilized in the case of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, therefore the ENaC remains activated. The second hypothesis describe the incidence of hyperkalemia based on the key role of furin. Furin is necessary for cleaving both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ENaC subunits. While the furin is hijacked by the virus, the decreased activity of ENaC would be expected, which causes retention of potassium ions and hyperkalemia. Given that the occurrence of hypokalemia is higher than hyperkalemia in COVID-19 patients, the first hypothesis may have greater impact on potassium levels. Further investigations are warranted to determine the exact role of ENaC in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
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- Australian Government Department of Health
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45
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Zhu Z, Meng K, Liu G, Meng G. A database resource and online analysis tools for coronaviruses on a historical and global scale. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2020:5909701. [PMID: 33009914 PMCID: PMC7665380 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a new zoonotic origin coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) has sound the alarm for the potential spread of epidemic coronavirus crossing species. With the urgent needs to assist disease control and to provide invaluable scientific information, we developed the coronavirus database (CoVdb), an online genomic, proteomic and evolutionary analysis platform. CoVdb has brought together genomes of more than 5000 coronavirus strains, which were collected from 1941 to 2020, in more than 60 countries and in hosts belonging to more than 30 species, ranging from fish to human. CoVdb presents comprehensive genomic information, such as gene function, subcellular localization, topology and protein structure. To facilitate coronavirus research, CoVdb also provides flexible search approaches and online tools to view and analyze protein structure, to perform multiple alignments, to automatically build phylogenetic trees and to carry on evolutionary analyses. CoVdb can be accessed freely at http://covdb.popgenetics.net. Hopefully, it will accelerate the progress to develop medicines or vaccines to control the pandemic of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Kaiwen Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Gexin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100094, China
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46
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Guzzetti S, Massarotti C, Gazzo R, Paolucci R, Vallerino G, Sirito R, Anserini P, Cagnacci A. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on voluntary terminations of pregnancy in an Italian metropolitan area. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2021; 27:34-38. [PMID: 34342528 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1957092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown from 9 March to 4 May 2020 changed social, familial, and sexual relationships, as well as how citizens interact with the health services. How these profound changes have affected sexuality, contraception and voluntary terminations of pregnancy is still largely undescribed. The main objective of this study was therefore to find out whether the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown affected the demand for legal abortion. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study period was divided into three phases: the pre-pandemic (January and February 2020); lockdown (March and April); and post-lockdown (May and June). The number and characteristics of women requesting pregnancy termination each month during that time were compared with the stats for the same months in the preceding three years (2017-2019). RESULTS Immediately after national lockdown, the number of voluntary abortions markedly declined (-40.45%). The effect was more evident in women below 20 years of age (-66.67%), employed versus unemployed women (-42.71% vs. -21.05), and non-Italian versus Italian citizens (-53.01 vs. -32.85). No difference was found in the mean time from request to execution of the procedure, or in the type of the procedure used. CONCLUSION(S) National lockdown reduced the number of unwanted pregnancies, especially in younger women. The Italian health service's response to the demand appears to have been unaffected by the pandemic. However, as the demand for abortion is still high, probably due to unplanned pregnancies among cohabitants within a stable relationship, contraception guidance should be improved among women traditionally deemed low-risk in terms of sexual behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guzzetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI dept.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Massarotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI dept.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rossella Gazzo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Paolucci
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vallerino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Villa Scassi Hospital-ASL3, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sirito
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Anserini
- Physiopathology of Human Reproduction Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Cagnacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI dept.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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47
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Alshammari MA, Alshammari TK. COVID-19: A new challenge for mental health and policymaking recommendations. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1065-1068. [PMID: 34174536 PMCID: PMC8188780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has emerged lately, leading to a serious public health threat. The clinical features associated with COVID-19 are yet to be conclusively documented. Caution is needed when interpreting the severity of the symptoms as most of the diagnosed patients are those attending clinical assessments. Features of COVID-19 are far from understood. There is a suggested increased risk of COVID-19 infection among people with mental health disorders, which is primarily attributable to the challenges associated with limited resources. There are a variety of reasons why individuals with mental health disorders are more susceptible to infectious diseases. There is currently no specific recommended antiviral treatment. The interventions now used are supportive treatments to alleviate the symptoms and invasive mechanical ventilation. In this review, we discuss the adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccinations. We further highlight the need to develop guidelines and recommendations for managing patients with mental health. It is evident from this review, there is a need to provide training programs with interprofessional, multidisciplinary communication channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani K Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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48
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the ability of the novel coronavirus to invade the central nervous system (CNS). But how does a respiratory virus invade the highly protected CNS? Here, we reviewed available literature and case reports to determine CNS involvement in COVID-19, and to identify potential regions of the brain that may be affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its possible route of entry into the brain to identify its pathogenicity. Based on the symptoms, the parietal lobe and the cerebellum are the likely targets of SARS-CoV-2; however, further work is needed to elucidate this. The presence of ACE2, used by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry, in the brain as well as detection of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid, further assert that SARS-COV-2 targets the brain, and therefore, medical practitioners should take that into account when dealing with patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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49
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Adebisi YA, Alaran AJ, Okereke M, Oke GI, Amos OA, Olaoye OC, Oladunjoye I, Olanrewaju AY, Ukor NA, Lucero-Prisno DE. COVID-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 14:11786337211033870. [PMID: 34376994 PMCID: PMC8327234 DOI: 10.1177/11786337211033870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world continues to respond to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), there is a larger hidden threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) lurking behind. AMR remains worrisome in that the pathogens causing resistant infections to thrive in hospitals and medical facilities, putting all patients at risk, irrespective of the severity of their medical conditions, further compounding the management of COVID-19. This study aims to provide overview of early findings on COVID-19 and AMR as well as to provide recommendations and lesson learned toward improving antimicrobial stewardship. We conducted a rapid narrative review of published articles by searching PubMed and Google Scholar on COVID-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance with predetermined keywords. Secondary bacterial infections play crucial roles in mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19. Research has shown that a minority of COVID-19 patients need antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections. Current evidence reiterates the need not to give antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis to patients with mild COVID-19 or to patients with suspected or confirmed moderate COVID-19 illness unless it is indicated. The pandemic has also brought to the fore the deficiencies in health systems around the world. This comes with a lot of lessons, one of which is that despite the advances in medicine; we remain incredibly vulnerable to infections with limited or no standard therapies. This is worth thinking in the context of AMR, as the resistant pathogens are evolving and leading us to the era of untreatable infections. There is a necessity for continuous research into understanding and controlling infectious agents, as well as the development of newer functional antimicrobials and the need to strengthen the antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melody Okereke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Ilerioluwa Oke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Iyiola Oladunjoye
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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50
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Malchrzak W, Mastalerz-Migas A, Sroka Z, Spiegel M. One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. What Do We Know and What Is Yet to Come? - The Summarising Review. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:1603975. [PMID: 34588946 PMCID: PMC8475762 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.1603975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant scientific discoveries regarding SARS- CoV-2 virus infection, with the special emphasis put on its pathophysiology and way of treatment. Methods: In November 2020, the research articles have been collected and examined manually to pick the most relevant. In case of fresh topics, e.g. vaccines, we have performed searching using adequate keywords. Preliminary analysis was conducted on 200 manuscripts. Results: Among them 59 papers were out-of-scope, and thus were rejected from the further elaboration. Another 25 papers were rebuffed because they presented topics, that have been extensively described in the already included papers. Basing on the 29 papers we have estimated ratio of observed SARS-CoV-2 infection clinical manifestations and comorbidities among hospitalized patients. 12 papers let us evaluate frequencies of deviations within laboratory markers concentrations, as well as weighted average of the laboratory tests results. Conclusion: Due to the significant infectivity of the virus and its harmfulness towards organism further studies are required to find accurate way of the disease treatment and suspending its spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Malchrzak
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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