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Anysz H, Grucza B. Multi-dichotomous sequencing method MDSM for ordering the importance of variants' properties in multi-criteria decision-making. MethodsX 2024; 12:102538. [PMID: 38229593 PMCID: PMC10790078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
There are plenty of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods that help to choose the most suitable solution assessed by several criteria (e.g. Saaty 1990; Simos 1990; Pamučar et al. 2018). They are applied in cases where several scales of different units describe the variants or the variants' properties are represented by linguistic, non-numbered terms. The inherent part of the MCDM algorithms is calculating the weights of the variants' properties, necessary for ordering the variants. If - in a certain problem - there are several properties to consider, sequencing their importance becomes a problem itself. The innovative method of sequencing is proposed in the article based on dichotomous splitting of the properties' importance. If made several times, it leads to the coherent - internally and with the decision-maker's intention - order of the properties' importance. Then the weights of the properties can be calculated with the use of different MCDM methods. The description of the method can be shortened as follows:•Divide the full set of features into two dichotomous subsets of lower and higher importance•Continue dichotomous divisions until there are only the subsets containing one element or subsets containing elements of equal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Anysz
- Warsaw University of Technolgy, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, Warsaw 00-637, Poland
| | - Bartosz Grucza
- Warsaw School of Economics, Department of Infrastructure and Mobility Studies, Al. Niepodległości 162, Warsaw 02-554, Poland
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2
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Wang L, Liu Y, Meng F, Luan T, Liu W, Zhang Z, Yu X. A quantum synthetic aperture radar image denoising algorithm based on grayscale morphology. iScience 2024; 27:109627. [PMID: 38638565 PMCID: PMC11024915 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The quantum denoising technology efficiently removes noise from images; however, the existing algorithms are only effective for additive noise and cannot remove multiplicative noise, such as speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this paper, based on the grayscale morphology method, a quantum SAR image denoising algorithm is proposed, which performs morphological operations on all pixels simultaneously to remove the noise in the SAR image. In addition, we design a feasible quantum adder to perform cyclic shift operations. Then, quantum circuits for dilation and erosion are designed, and the complete quantum circuit is then constructed. For a 2 n × 2 n quantum SAR image with q grayscale levels, the complexity of our algorithm is O ( n + q ) . Compared with classical algorithms, it achieves exponential improvement and also has polynomial-level improvements than existing quantum algorithms. Finally, the feasibility of our algorithm is validated on IBM Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Quantum Information Center, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Quantum Information Center, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanxu Meng
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Tech University, No.30, Puzhu Nan Road, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Luan
- Yangtze Delta Region Industrial Innovation Center of Quantum and Information Technology, No.286, Qinglong Gang Road, Suzhou 215100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, No.219, Ning Liu Road, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaichen Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Quantum Information Center, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, No.9, Mozhou Dong Road, Nanjing 211111, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xutao Yu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Quantum Information Center, Southeast University, No.2, Southeast University Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Purple Mountain Laboratories, No.9, Mozhou Dong Road, Nanjing 211111, Jiangsu, China
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Korolev V, Mitrofanov A. The carbon footprint of predicting CO 2 storage capacity in metal-organic frameworks within neural networks. iScience 2024; 27:109644. [PMID: 38628964 PMCID: PMC11019266 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
While artificial intelligence drives remarkable progress in natural sciences, its broader societal implications are mostly disregarded. In this study, we evaluate environmental impacts of deep learning in materials science through extensive benchmarking. In particular, a set of diverse neural networks is trained for a given supervised learning task to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during training and inference phases. A chronological perspective showed diminishing returns, manifesting themselves as a 28% decrease in mean absolute error and nearly a 15,000% increase in the carbon footprint of model training in 2016-2022. By means of up-to-date graphics processing units, it is possible to partially offset the immense growth of GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the practice of employing energy-efficient hardware is overlooked by the materials informatics community, as follows from a literature analysis in the field. On the basis of our findings, we encourage researchers to report GHG emissions together with standard performance metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Korolev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119192, Russia
| | - Artem Mitrofanov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119192, Russia
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4
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Gong Z, Chen J, Jiao X, Gong H, Pan D, Liu L, Zhang Y, Tan T. Genome-scale metabolic network models for industrial microorganisms metabolic engineering: Current advances and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108319. [PMID: 38280495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The construction of high-performance microbial cell factories (MCFs) is the centerpiece of biomanufacturing. However, the complex metabolic regulatory network of microorganisms poses great challenges for the efficient design and construction of MCFs. The genome-scale metabolic network models (GSMs) can systematically simulate the metabolic regulation process of microorganisms in silico, providing effective guidance for the rapid design and construction of MCFs. In this review, we summarized the development status of 16 important industrial microbial GSMs, and further outline the technologies or methods that continuously promote high-quality GSMs construction from five aspects: I) Databases and modeling tools facilitate GSMs reconstruction; II) evolving gap-filling technologies; III) constraint-based model reconstruction; IV) advances in algorithms; and V) developed visualization tools. In addition, we also summarized the applications of GSMs in guiding metabolic engineering from four aspects: I) exploring and explaining metabolic features; II) predicting the effects of genetic perturbations on metabolism; III) predicting the optimal phenotype; IV) guiding cell factories construction in practical experiment. Finally, we discussed the development of GSMs, aiming to provide a reference for efficiently reconstructing GSMs and guiding metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Gong
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyu Jiao
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Gong
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Danzi Pan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Anandhi G, Iyapparaja M. Systematic approaches to machine learning models for predicting pesticide toxicity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28752. [PMID: 38576573 PMCID: PMC10990867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides play an important role in modern agriculture by protecting crops from pests and diseases. However, the negative consequences of pesticides, such as environmental contamination and adverse effects on human and ecological health, underscore the importance of accurate toxicity predictions. To address this issue, artificial intelligence models have emerged as valuable methods for predicting the toxicity of organic compounds. In this review article, we explore the application of machine learning (ML) for pesticide toxicity prediction. This review provides a detailed summary of recent developments, prediction models, and datasets used for pesticide toxicity prediction. In this analysis, we compared the results of several algorithms that predict the harmfulness of various classes of pesticides. Furthermore, this review article identified emerging trends and areas for future direction, showcasing the transformative potential of machine learning in promoting safer pesticide usage and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Anandhi
- Department of Smart Computing, School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Iyapparaja
- Department of Smart Computing, School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mou D, Wang J, Wang Y, Tang X, Dong Z, Wang N, Zhang Y. Performance of anterior segment OCT-based algorithms in the opportunistic screening for primary angle-closure disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28885. [PMID: 38596021 PMCID: PMC11002240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the performance of deep learning algorithms in the opportunistic screening for primary angle-closure disease (PACD) using combined anterior segment parameters. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional hospital-based study. Patients with PACD and healthy controls who underwent comprehensive eye examinations, including gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) examinations under both light and dark conditions, were consecutively enrolled from the Department of Ophthalmology at the Beijing Tongren Hospital between November 2020 and June 2022. The anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, iris, and lens parameters were assessed using ASOCT. To build the prediction models, backward logistic regression was utilized to select the variables to discriminate patients with PACD from normal participants, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of the opportunistic screening. Results The data from 199 patients (199 eyes) were included in the final analysis and divided into two groups: PACD (109 eyes) and controls (90 eyes). Angle opening distance at 500 μm, anterior chamber area, and iris curvature measured in the light condition were included in the final prediction models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.968, with a sensitivity of 91.74 % and a specificity of 91.11 %. Conclusion ASOCT-based algorithms showed excellent diagnostic performance in the opportunistic screening for PACD. These results provide a promising basis for future research on the development of an angle-closure probability scoring system for PACD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Mou
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Cheng CT, Kuo LW, Ouyang CH, Hsu CP, Lin WC, Fu CY, Kang SC, Liao CH. Development and evaluation of a deep learning-based model for simultaneous detection and localization of rib and clavicle fractures in trauma patients' chest radiographs. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open 2024; 9:e001300. [PMID: 38646620 PMCID: PMC11029226 DOI: 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a rib and clavicle fracture detection model for chest radiographs in trauma patients using a deep learning (DL) algorithm. Materials and methods We retrospectively collected 56 145 chest X-rays (CXRs) from trauma patients in a trauma center between August 2008 and December 2016. A rib/clavicle fracture detection DL algorithm was trained using this data set with 991 (1.8%) images labeled by experts with fracture site locations. The algorithm was tested on independently collected 300 CXRs in 2017. An external test set was also collected from hospitalized trauma patients in a regional hospital for evaluation. The receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and negative predictive value of the model on each test set was evaluated. The prediction probability on the images was visualized as heatmaps. Results The trained DL model achieved an AUC of 0.912 (95% CI 87.8 to 94.7) on the independent test set. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on the given cut-off value are 83.7, 86.8, and 80.4, respectively. On the external test set, the model had a sensitivity of 88.0 and an accuracy of 72.5. While the model exhibited a slight decrease in accuracy on the external test set, it maintained its sensitivity in detecting fractures. Conclusion The algorithm detects rib and clavicle fractures concomitantly in the CXR of trauma patients with high accuracy in locating lesions through heatmap visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Wei Kuo
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Ouyang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Po Hsu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fu
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Kang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of medicine, Chang Gung university, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Francis A, Marchei D, Steel M. Phylogenetic network classes through the lens of expanding covers. J Math Biol 2024; 88:58. [PMID: 38584237 PMCID: PMC10999392 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
It was recently shown that a large class of phylogenetic networks, the 'labellable' networks, is in bijection with the set of 'expanding' covers of finite sets. In this paper, we show how several prominent classes of phylogenetic networks can be characterised purely in terms of properties of their associated covers. These classes include the tree-based, tree-child, orchard, tree-sibling, and normal networks. In the opposite direction, we give an example of how a restriction on the set of expanding covers can define a new class of networks, which we call 'spinal' phylogenetic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Francis
- Centre for Research in Mathematics and Data Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Daniele Marchei
- Centre for Research in Mathematics and Data Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Computer Science, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mike Steel
- Biomathematics Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Perschinka F, Peer A, Joannidis M. [Artificial intelligence and acute kidney injury]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2024; 119:199-207. [PMID: 38396124 PMCID: PMC10995052 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-024-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Digitalization is increasingly finding its way into intensive care units and with it artificial intelligence (AI) for critically ill patients. One promising area for the use of AI is in the field of acute kidney injury (AKI). The use of AI is primarily focused on the prediction of AKI, but further approaches are also being used to classify existing AKI into different phenotypes. Different AI models are used for prediction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values (AUROC) achieved with these models vary and are influenced by several factors, such as the prediction time and the definition of AKI. Most models have an AUROC between 0.650 and 0.900, with lower values for predictions further into the future and when applying Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) instead of KDIGO criteria. Classification into phenotypes already makes it possible to categorize patients into groups with different risks of mortality or requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT), but the etiologies or therapeutic consequences derived from this are still lacking. However, all the models suffer from AI-specific shortcomings. The use of large databases does not make it possible to promptly include recent changes in therapy and the implementation of new biomarkers in a relevant proportion. For this reason, serum creatinine and urinary output, with their known limitations, dominate current AI models for prediction impairing the performance of the current models. On the other hand, the increasingly complex models no longer allow physicians to understand the basis on which the warning of a threatening AKI is calculated and subsequent initiation of therapy should take place. The successful use of AIs in routine clinical practice will be highly determined by the trust of the physicians in the systems and overcoming the aforementioned weaknesses. However, the clinician will remain irreplaceable as the decisive authority for critically ill patients by combining measurable and nonmeasurable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Joannidis
- Gemeinsame Einrichtung für Internistische Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, Department Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
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10
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Sane M, Marjamaa A, Kuusisto J, Raatikainen P, Karvonen J. "PVC response Atrial-Pace," an algorithm designed for preventing pacemaker-induced tachycardia after premature ventricular contractions, triggers atrial high rate episodes. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:495-496. [PMID: 38244991 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sane
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Annukka Marjamaa
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kuusisto
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Raatikainen
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Karvonen
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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Böttcher R, Dähne F, Böttcher S, Johl U, Tittel A, Schnick U. [Nerve injuries due to fractures in childhood : Primarily and secondarily on the upper extremity]. Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb) 2024; 127:313-321. [PMID: 38443721 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-024-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The approach for nerve injuries in children in the context of fractures of the upper extremities is inconsistent in the literature. The underlying mostly retrospective studies do not usually consider the potential diagnostics. The frequency of nerve injuries with a clear need for reconstructive surgery is sometimes estimated so differently that precedent-setting errors in these studies must be assumed; however, as 10-20% of pediatric fractures near the elbow show primary or secondary nerve lesions, timely and appropriate further treatment is necessary. An overview concerning diagnostic tools with an explanation of potential results and an algorithm with a timeline for diagnostic and therapeutic management are presented. Good results after nerve lesions can only be achieved when timely diagnostics without delay and correct detection of axonal lesions which benefit from surgical treatment are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richarda Böttcher
- Schwerpunkt für rekonstruktive Chirurgie bei Plexusparese, Tetraplegie und Cerebralparese, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Frank Dähne
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Stroke Unit und Frührehabilitation, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Stroke Unit und Frührehabilitation, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Johl
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Stroke Unit und Frührehabilitation, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Anja Tittel
- Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Schnick
- Schwerpunkt für rekonstruktive Chirurgie bei Plexusparese, Tetraplegie und Cerebralparese, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Warener Straße 7, 12683, Berlin, Deutschland
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Tariq MU, Ismail SB. AI-powered COVID-19 forecasting: a comprehensive comparison of advanced deep learning methods. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024:j.phrp.2023.0287. [PMID: 38621765 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to pose significant challenges to the public health sector, including that of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency and accuracy of various deep-learning models in forecasting COVID-19 cases within the UAE, thereby aiding the nation's public health authorities in informed decision-making. Methods This study utilized a comprehensive dataset encompassing confirmed COVID-19 cases, demographic statistics, and socioeconomic indicators. Several advanced deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN-LSTM, multilayer perceptron, and recurrent neural network (RNN) models, were trained and evaluated. Bayesian optimization was also implemented to fine-tune these models. Results The evaluation framework revealed that each model exhibited different levels of predictive accuracy and precision. Specifically, the RNN model outperformed the other architectures even without optimization. Comprehensive predictive and perspective analytics were conducted to scrutinize the COVID-19 dataset. Conclusion This study transcends academic boundaries by offering critical insights that enable public health authorities in the UAE to deploy targeted data-driven interventions. The RNN model, which was identified as the most reliable and accurate for this specific context, can significantly influence public health decisions. Moreover, the broader implications of this research validate the capability of deep learning techniques in handling complex datasets, thus offering the transformative potential for predictive accuracy in the public health and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Tariq
- Marketing, Operations, and Information System, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Univesiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaida Binti Ismail
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Univesiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
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O'Donoghue B, Piacenza F, Plapp H, Siskind D, Lyne J. Response rates to sequential trials of antipsychotic medications according to algorithms or treatment guidelines in psychotic disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024:S0920-9964(24)00080-X. [PMID: 38493023 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relative lack of research evaluating the outcomes when treatment guidelines or algorithms for psychotic disorders are followed. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the response rates to antipsychotic medications at different stages of these algorithms and whether these response rates differ in first episode cohorts. METHODS Data sources: A systematic search strategy was conducted across four databases PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO (Ovid) and CINAHL. Studies that had sequential trials of different antipsychotic medications were included. A meta-analysis of proportions was performed using random effects models and sub-group analysis in first episode psychosis studies. RESULTS Of the 4078 unique articles screened, fourteen articles, from nine unique studies, were eligible and included 2522 participants. The proportion who experienced a response to any antipsychotic in the first stage of an algorithm was 0.53 (95 % C.I.:0.38,0.68) and this decreased to 0.26 (95 % C.I.:0.15,0.39) in the second stage. When clozapine was used in the third stage, the proportion that achieved a response was 0.43 (95 % C.I. 0.19, 0.69) compared to 0.26 (95 % C.I.:0.05,0.54) if a different antipsychotic was used. Four studies included 907 participants with a first episode of psychosis and the proportions that achieved a response were: 1st stage: 0.63 (95 % C.I.: 0.45, 0.79); 2nd stage: 0.34 (95 % C.I.:0.16,0.55); clozapine 3rd stage: 0.45 (95 % C.I.:0.0,0.97), different antipsychotic 3rd stage: 0.15 (95 % C.I.,0.01,0.37). DISCUSSION These findings support the recommendation to have a trial of clozapine after two other antipsychotic medications have been found to be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O'Donoghue
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Helena Plapp
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; University of Queensland, School of Clinical Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Physical and Mental Health Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Lyne
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland; Health Service Executive, Newcastle Hospital, Wicklow, Ireland
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Nag DS, Swain A, Sahu S, Chatterjee A, Swain BP. Relevance of sleep for wellness: New trends in using artificial intelligence and machine learning. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1196-1199. [PMID: 38524514 PMCID: PMC10955542 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i7.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep and well-being have been intricately linked, and sleep hygiene is paramount for developing mental well-being and resilience. Although widespread, sleep disorders require elaborate polysomnography laboratory and patient-stay with sleep in unfamiliar environments. Current technologies have allowed various devices to diagnose sleep disorders at home. However, these devices are in various validation stages, with many already receiving approvals from competent authorities. This has captured vast patient-related physiologic data for advanced analytics using artificial intelligence through machine and deep learning applications. This is expected to be integrated with patients' Electronic Health Records and provide individualized prescriptive therapy for sleep disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Sanjay Nag
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur 831001, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amlan Swain
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur 831001, Jharkhand, India
| | - Seelora Sahu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur 831001, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur 831001, Jharkhand, India
| | - Bhanu Pratap Swain
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur 831001, Jharkhand, India
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Chaves H, Serra MM, Shalom DE, Ananía P, Rueda F, Osa Sanz E, Stefanoff NI, Rodríguez Murúa S, Costa ME, Kitamura FC, Yañez P, Cejas C, Correale J, Ferrante E, Fernández Slezak D, Farez MF. Assessing robustness and generalization of a deep neural network for brain MS lesion segmentation on real-world data. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:2024-2035. [PMID: 37650967 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the performance of a deep learning (DL)-based model for multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion segmentation and compare it to other DL and non-DL algorithms. METHODS This ambispective, multicenter study assessed the performance of a DL-based model for MS lesion segmentation and compared it to alternative DL- and non-DL-based methods. Models were tested on internal (n = 20) and external (n = 18) datasets from Latin America, and on an external dataset from Europe (n = 49). We also examined robustness by rescanning six patients (n = 6) from our MS clinical cohort. Moreover, we studied inter-human annotator agreement and discussed our findings in light of these results. Performance and robustness were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Dice coefficient (DC), and coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS Inter-human ICC ranged from 0.89 to 0.95, while spatial agreement among annotators showed a median DC of 0.63. Using expert manual segmentations as ground truth, our DL model achieved a median DC of 0.73 on the internal, 0.66 on the external, and 0.70 on the challenge datasets. The performance of our DL model exceeded that of the alternative algorithms on all datasets. In the robustness experiment, our DL model also achieved higher DC (ranging from 0.82 to 0.90) and lower CV (ranging from 0.7 to 7.9%) when compared to the alternative methods. CONCLUSION Our DL-based model outperformed alternative methods for brain MS lesion segmentation. The model also proved to generalize well on unseen data and has a robust performance and low processing times both on real-world and challenge-based data. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Our DL-based model demonstrated superior performance in accurately segmenting brain MS lesions compared to alternative methods, indicating its potential for clinical application with improved accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. KEY POINTS • Automated lesion load quantification in MS patients is valuable; however, more accurate methods are still necessary. • A novel deep learning model outperformed alternative MS lesion segmentation methods on multisite datasets. • Deep learning models are particularly suitable for MS lesion segmentation in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Chaves
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fleni, Montañeses, 2325 (C1428AQK), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María M Serra
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fleni, Montañeses, 2325 (C1428AQK), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego E Shalom
- Department of Physics, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Physics Institute of Buenos Aires (IFIBA) CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fernanda Rueda
- Radiology Department, Diagnósticos da América SA (Dasa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emilia Osa Sanz
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fleni, Montañeses, 2325 (C1428AQK), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia I Stefanoff
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fleni, Montañeses, 2325 (C1428AQK), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Rodríguez Murúa
- Center for Research On Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN), Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Felipe C Kitamura
- DasaInova, Diagnósticos da América SA (Dasa), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulina Yañez
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fleni, Montañeses, 2325 (C1428AQK), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cejas
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fleni, Montañeses, 2325 (C1428AQK), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Enzo Ferrante
- Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional, sinc(i) CONICET-UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernández Slezak
- Center for Research On Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN), Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Computación (ICC), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio F Farez
- Radiology Department, Diagnósticos da América SA (Dasa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Research On Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN), Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Center for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health (CEBES), Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shamir I, Assaf Y, Shamir R. Clustering the cortical laminae: in vivo parcellation. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:443-458. [PMID: 38193916 PMCID: PMC10917860 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The laminar microstructure of the cerebral cortex has distinct anatomical characteristics of the development, function, connectivity, and even various pathologies of the brain. In recent years, multiple neuroimaging studies have utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxometry to visualize and explore this intricate microstructure, successfully delineating the cortical laminar components. Despite this progress, T1 is still primarily considered a direct measure of myeloarchitecture (myelin content), rather than a probe of tissue cytoarchitecture (cellular composition). This study aims to offer a robust, whole-brain validation of T1 imaging as a practical and effective tool for exploring the laminar composition of the cortex. To do so, we cluster complex microstructural cortical datasets of both human (N = 30) and macaque (N = 1) brains using an adaptation of an algorithm for clustering cell omics profiles. The resulting cluster patterns are then compared to established atlases of cytoarchitectonic features, exhibiting significant correspondence in both species. Lastly, we demonstrate the expanded applicability of T1 imaging by exploring some of the cytoarchitectonic features behind various unique skillsets, such as musicality and athleticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittai Shamir
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yaniv Assaf
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Shamir
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wase V, Wuyckens S, Lee JA, Saint-Guillain M. The proton arc therapy treatment planning problem is NP-Hard. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108139. [PMID: 38394800 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Proton arc therapy (PAT) is an advanced radiotherapy technique using charged particles in which the radiation device rotates continuously around the patient while irradiating the tumor. Compared to conventional, fixed-angle beam delivery mode, proton arc therapy has the potential to further improve the quality of cancer treatment by delivering accurate radiation dose to tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. However, the computational complexity of treatment planning in PAT raises challenges as to its effective implementation. In this paper, we demonstrate that designing a PAT plan through algorithmic methods is a NP-hard problem (in fact, NP-complete), where the problem size is determined by the number of discrete irradiation angles from which the radiation can be delivered. This finding highlights the inherent complexity of PAT treatment planning and emphasizes the need for efficient algorithms and heuristics to address the challenges associated with optimizing the delivery of radiation doses in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Wase
- RaySearch Laboratories AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Wuyckens
- UCLouvain, Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - John A Lee
- UCLouvain, Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIRO), Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Da Mutten R, Zanier O, Theiler S, Ryu SJ, Regli L, Serra C, Staartjes VE. Whole Spine Segmentation Using Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation. Neurospine 2024; 21:57-67. [PMID: 38317546 PMCID: PMC10992645 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2347178.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Virtual and augmented reality have enjoyed increased attention in spine surgery. Preoperative planning, pedicle screw placement, and surgical training are among the most studied use cases. Identifying osseous structures is a key aspect of navigating a 3-dimensional virtual reconstruction. To automate the otherwise time-consuming process of labeling vertebrae on each slice individually, we propose a fully automated pipeline that automates segmentation on computed tomography (CT) and which can form the basis for further virtual or augmented reality application and radiomic analysis. METHODS Based on a large public dataset of annotated vertebral CT scans, we first trained a YOLOv8m (You-Only-Look-Once algorithm, Version 8 and size medium) to detect each vertebra individually. On the then cropped images, a 2D-U-Net was developed and externally validated on 2 different public datasets. RESULTS Two hundred fourteen CT scans (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine) were used for model training, and 40 scans were used for external validation. Vertebra recognition achieved a mAP50 (mean average precision with Jaccard threshold of 0.5) of over 0.84, and the segmentation algorithm attained a mean Dice score of 0.75 ± 0.14 at internal, 0.77 ± 0.12 and 0.82 ± 0.14 at external validation, respectively. CONCLUSION We propose a 2-stage approach consisting of single vertebra labeling by an object detection algorithm followed by semantic segmentation. In our externally validated pilot study, we demonstrate robust performance for our object detection network in identifying individual vertebrae, as well as for our segmentation model in precisely delineating the bony structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Da Mutten
- Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Zanier
- Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Theiler
- Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Seung-Jun Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daejeon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University Medical School, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Luca Regli
- Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Serra
- Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor E. Staartjes
- Machine Intelligence in Clinical Neuroscience (MICN) Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Dobroniak CC, Lehmann W, Cagirici R, Lesche V, Olgemoeller U, Spering C. [Treatment strategy for an unstable chest wall after cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. Unfallchirurgie (Heidelb) 2024; 127:197-203. [PMID: 38100032 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-023-01386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Every year ca. 60,000 people in Germany undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The two most frequent underlying causes are of cardiopulmonary and traumatic origin. According to the current CPR guidelines chest compressions should be performed in the middle of the sternum with a pressure frequency of 100-120/min and to a depth of 5-6 cm. In contrast to trauma patients where different injury patterns can arise depending on the accident mechanism, both the type of trauma and the injury pattern are similar in patients after CPR due to repetitive thorax compression. It is known that an early reconstruction of the thoracic wall and the restoration of the physiological breathing mechanics in trauma patients with unstable thoracic injuries reduce the rates of pneumonia and weaning failure and shorten the length of stay in the intensive care unit. As a result, it is increasingly being propagated that an unstable thoracic injury as a result of CPR should also be subjected to surgical treatment as soon as possible. In the hospital of the authors an algorithm was formulated based on clinical experience and the underlying evidence in a traumatological context and a surgical treatment strategy was designed, which is presented and discussed taking the available evidence into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Dobroniak
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | - W Lehmann
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - R Cagirici
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - V Lesche
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - U Olgemoeller
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - C Spering
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37077, Göttingen, Deutschland
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Sparano C, Puccioni M, Adornato V, Zago E, Fibbi B, Badii B, Bencini L, Mannelli G, Vezzosi V, Maggi M, Petrone L. Improving the TIR3B oncological stratification: try to bridge the gap through a comprehensive presurgical algorithm. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:633-643. [PMID: 37736856 PMCID: PMC10904402 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indeterminate cytology still puzzles clinicians, due to its wide range of oncological risks. According to the Italian SIAPEC-IAP classification, TIR3B cytology holds up to 30% of thyroid cancer, which justifies the surgical indication, even if more than half of cases do not result in a positive histology. The study aim is to identify potential clinical, ultrasound or cytological features able to improve the surgical indication. METHODS Retrospective analysis. A consecutive series of TIR3B nodules referred to the Endocrine Unit of Careggi Hospital from 1st May 2014 to 31st December 2021 was considered for the exploratory analysis (Phase 1). Thereafter, a smaller confirmatory sample of consecutive TIR3B diagnosed and referred to surgery from 1st January 2022 to 31st June 2022 was considered to verify the algorithm (Phase 2). The main clinical, ultrasound and cytological features have been collected. A comprehensive stepwise logistic regression was applied to build a prediction algorithm. The histological results represented the final outcome. RESULTS Of 599 TIR3B nodules referred to surgery, 451 cases were included in the exploratory analysis. A final score > 14.5 corresponded to an OR = 4.98 (95% CI 3.24-7.65, p < 0.0001) and showed a PPV and NPV of 57% and 79%, respectively. The Phase 2 analysis on a confirmatory sample of 58 TIR3B cytology confirmed that a threshold of 14.5 points has a comparable PPV and NPV of 53% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A predictive algorithm which considers the main clinical, US and cytological features can significantly improve the oncological stratification of TIR3B cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sparano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M Puccioni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - V Adornato
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Zago
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - B Fibbi
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical-Geriatric Department, Careggi University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - B Badii
- Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Bencini
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Mannelli
- Head and Neck Oncology and Robotic Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - V Vezzosi
- Department of Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio I.N.B.B, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - L Petrone
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical-Geriatric Department, Careggi University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Sartoretti T, Skawran S, Gennari AG, Maurer A, Euler A, Treyer V, Sartoretti E, Waelti S, Schwyzer M, von Schulthess GK, Burger IA, Huellner MW, Messerli M. Fully automated computational measurement of noise in positron emission tomography. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1716-1723. [PMID: 37644149 PMCID: PMC10873217 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To introduce an automated computational algorithm that estimates the global noise level across the whole imaging volume of PET datasets. METHODS [18F]FDG PET images of 38 patients were reconstructed with simulated decreasing acquisition times (15-120 s) resulting in increasing noise levels, and with block sequential regularized expectation maximization with beta values of 450 and 600 (Q.Clear 450 and 600). One reader performed manual volume-of-interest (VOI) based noise measurements in liver and lung parenchyma and two readers graded subjective image quality as sufficient or insufficient. An automated computational noise measurement algorithm was developed and deployed on the whole imaging volume of each reconstruction, delivering a single value representing the global image noise (Global Noise Index, GNI). Manual noise measurement values and subjective image quality gradings were compared with the GNI. RESULTS Irrespective of the absolute noise values, there was no significant difference between the GNI and manual liver measurements in terms of the distribution of noise values (p = 0.84 for Q.Clear 450, and p = 0.51 for Q.Clear 600). The GNI showed a fair to moderately strong correlation with manual noise measurements in liver parenchyma (r = 0.6 in Q.Clear 450, r = 0.54 in Q.Clear 600, all p < 0.001), and a fair correlation with manual noise measurements in lung parenchyma (r = 0.52 in Q.Clear 450, r = 0.33 in Q.Clear 600, all p < 0.001). Classification performance of the GNI for subjective image quality was AUC 0.898 for Q.Clear 450 and 0.919 for Q.Clear 600. CONCLUSION An algorithm provides an accurate and meaningful estimation of the global noise level encountered in clinical PET imaging datasets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT An automated computational approach that measures the global noise level of PET imaging datasets may facilitate quality standardization and benchmarking of clinical PET imaging within and across institutions. KEY POINTS • Noise is an important quantitative marker that strongly impacts image quality of PET images. • An automated computational noise measurement algorithm provides an accurate and meaningful estimation of the global noise level encountered in clinical PET imaging datasets. • An automated computational approach that measures the global noise level of PET imaging datasets may facilitate quality standardization and benchmarking as well as protocol harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sartoretti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Skawran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio G Gennari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Maurer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Euler
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Sartoretti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Waelti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Schwyzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gustav K von Schulthess
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene A Burger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Martin W Huellner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Messerli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Qian J, Ye C. Development and applications of genome-scale metabolic network models. Adv Appl Microbiol 2024; 126:1-26. [PMID: 38637105 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The genome-scale metabolic network model is an effective tool for characterizing the gene-protein-response relationship in the entire metabolic pathway of an organism. By combining various algorithms, the genome-scale metabolic network model can effectively simulate the influence of a specific environment on the physiological state of cells, optimize the culture conditions of strains, and predict the targets of genetic modification to achieve targeted modification of strains. In this review, we summarize the whole process of model building, sort out the various tools that may be involved in the model building process, and explain the role of various algorithms in model analysis. In addition, we also summarized the application of GSMM in network characteristics, cell phenotypes, metabolic engineering, etc. Finally, we discuss the current challenges facing GSMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Núñez-Cacho P, Mylonas G, Kalogeras A, Molina-Moreno V. Exploring the transformative power of AI in art through a circular economy lens. A systematic literature review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25388. [PMID: 38384531 PMCID: PMC10878876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, technology and sustainability are two strategic axes for the development of any industry. Art is no exception and embodies both principles. Artificial intelligence (AI) is driving the art world forwards with its applications and algorithms. Additionally, the circular economy (CE) is concerned with resources and the environment in this context. The objective of the present work is to provide an overview of the current state of research on the application of AI in the art world and an analysis of how CE principles are being incorporated, considering the interactions between AI and the CE. To this end, a systematic review of the literature is carried out in which 60 articles related to the subject are selected, analysed, and classified, highlighting the lines of research addressed. The assessment of the current state of research on the subject concludes with the four main axes of classification of works. The first line is related to AI generative content in art, addressing issues of content creation, image and painting, video, and theatre. The second line is related to AI applications for art industry production, considering the sustainability of the supply chain. The third line focuses on how the CE is being applied to art, while the fourth line focuses on other relevant aspects analysed, such as training and design. The topic is still incipient, mandating further research to study the full potential of AI and the CE in the world of art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Núñez-Cacho
- Department of Business Organization. University of Jaen, Jaén, Spain
| | - Georgios Mylonas
- Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research Center, Patras, Greece
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24
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Cuenca-Gómez D, De Paco Matallana C, Rolle V, Mendoza M, Valiño N, Revello R, Adiego B, Casanova MC, Molina FS, Delgado JL, Wright A, Figueras F, Nicolaides KH, Santacruz B, Gil MM. Comparison of different methods of screening for preterm pre-eclampsia: cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024. [PMID: 38411276 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the predictive performance for pre-eclampsia (PE) of three different first-trimester mathematical models of screening, which combine maternal risk factors with mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and serum placental growth factor (PlGF), and two risk scoring systems, based on NICE and ACOG recommendations. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study performed in eight fetal-medicine units in five different regions of Spain between September 2017 and December 2019. All pregnant women with singleton pregnancies and non-malformed live fetuses attending their routine ultrasound examination at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks' gestation were invited to participate in the study. Maternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and measurements of MAP, UtA-PI, serum PlGF and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were converted into multiples of the median (MoM). Risks for term, preterm-PE (< 37 weeks' gestation) and early-PE (< 34 weeks' gestation) were calculated according to the FMF competing risks model, the Crovetto et al., logistic regression model, and Serra et al., Gaussian model. Patient classification based on NICE and ACOG guidelines was also performed. We estimated detection rates (DR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at a fixed 10% screen positive rate (SPR), as well as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for preterm-PE, early-PE, and all PE for the three mathematical models. For the scoring systems, we calculated DR and SPR. Risk calibration was also assessed. RESULTS The study population comprised of 10,110 singleton pregnancies, including 32 (0.3%) that developed early-PE, 72 (0.7%) that developed preterm-PE and 230 (2.3%) of any PE. At fixed 10% SPR, the FMF, Crovetto et al., and Serra et al., detected 82.7% (95% CI, 69.6 to 95.8%), 73.8% (95% CI, 58.7 to 88.9%), and 79.8% (95% CI, 66.1 to 93.5%) of early-PE; 72.7% (95% CI, 62.9 to 82.6%), 69.2% (95% CI, 58.8 to 79.6%), and 74.1% (95% CI, 64.2 to 83.9%) of preterm-PE and 55.1% (95% CI, 48.8 to 61.4%), 47.1% (95% CI, 40.6 to 53.5%), and 53.9% (95% CI, 47.4 to 60.4%) of all PE, respectively. The best correlation between predicted and observed cases was achieved by the FMF model, with an AUROC of 0.911 (95% CI, 0.879 to 0.943), a slope of 0.983 (95% CI, 0.846-1.120) and an intercept of 0.154 (95% CI, -0.091 to 0.397). The NICE criteria identified 46.7% (95% CI, 35.3 to 58.0%) of preterm-PE at 11% SPR and ACOG criteria identified 65.9% (95% CI, 55.4 to 76.4%) of preterm-PE at 33.8% SPR. CONCLUSIONS The best performance of screening for preterm-PE is achieved by mathematical models that combine maternal factors with MAP, UtA-PI and PlGF, as compared to risk-scoring systems like NICE or ACOG criteria. While all three algorithms show similar results in terms of overall prediction, the FMF model showed the best performance at the individual level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cuenca-Gómez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C De Paco Matallana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Rolle
- Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Mendoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Valiño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - R Revello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Quirón, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Adiego
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Casanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - F S Molina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs., Granada, Spain
| | - J L Delgado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Wright
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - F Figueras
- BCNatal-Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Clínic and Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K H Nicolaides
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Santacruz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Gil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Liu Q, Yu M, Bai M. A study on a recommendation algorithm based on spectral clustering and GRU. iScience 2024; 27:108660. [PMID: 38313050 PMCID: PMC10835353 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of e-commerce, the importance of recommendation algorithms has significantly increased. However, traditional recommendation systems struggle to address issues such as data sparsity and cold start. This article proposes an optimization method for a recommendation system based on spectral clustering (SC) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), named the GRU-KSC algorithm. Firstly, this paper improves the original spectral clustering algorithm by introducing Kmc2, proposing a novel spectral clustering recommendation algorithm (K-means++ SC, KSC) based on the existing SC algorithm. Secondly, building upon the original GRU model, the paper presents a hybrid recommendation algorithm (Hybrid GRU, HGRU) capable of capturing long-term user interests for a more personalized recommendation. Experiments conducted on real datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing benchmark methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Liu
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Miaoyuan Bai
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Yilmaz G, Sezer S, Bastug A, Singh V, Gopalan R, Aydos O, Ozturk BY, Gokcinar D, Kamen A, Gramz J, Bodur H, Akbiyik F. Concordance and generalization of an AI algorithm with real-world clinical data in the pre-omicron and omicron era. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25410. [PMID: 38356547 PMCID: PMC10864957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
All viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, continue to evolve, which can lead to new variants. The objective of this study is to assess the agreement between real-world clinical data and an algorithm that utilizes laboratory markers and age to predict the progression of disease severity in COVID-19 patients during the pre-Omicron and Omicron variant periods. The study evaluated the performance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm in predicting disease severity scores for COVID-19 patients using data from the USA, Spain, and Turkey (Ankara City Hospital (ACH) data set). The algorithm was developed and validated using pre-Omicron era data and was tested on both pre-Omicron and Omicron-era data. The predictions were compared to the actual clinical outcomes using a multidisciplinary approach. The concordance index values for all datasets ranged from 0.71 to 0.81. In the ACH cohort, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.78 or higher was observed for severe patients in both the pre-Omicron and Omicron eras, which is consistent with the algorithm's performance in the development cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Sezer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Bastug
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Health Science University of Turkey, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vivek Singh
- Siemens Healthineers, Digital Technology and Innovation, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Raj Gopalan
- Siemens Healthineers, Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Omer Aydos
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Yuce Ozturk
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Gokcinar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Health Science University Turkey, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Kamen
- Siemens Healthineers, Digital Technology and Innovation, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jamie Gramz
- Siemens Healthineers, Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Hurrem Bodur
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Health Science University of Turkey, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbiyik
- Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Laboratory, Medical Director, Siemens Healthineers, Ankara, Turkey
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Fang C, Luo Y, Naidu R. Advancements in Raman imaging for nanoplastic analysis: Challenges, algorithms and future Perspectives. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1290:342069. [PMID: 38246736 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the concept of microplastic (<5 mm) is well-established, emergence of nanoplastics (<1000 nm) as a new contaminant presents a recent and evolving challenge. The field of nanoplastic research remains in its early stages, and its progress is contingent upon the development of reliable and practical analytical methods, which are currently lacking. This review aims to address the intricacies of nanoplastic analysis by providing a comprehensive overview on the application of advanced imaging techniques, with a particular focus on Raman imaging, for nanoplastic identification and simultaneous visualisation towards quantification. RESULTS Although Raman imaging via hyper spectrum is a potentially powerful tool to analyse nanoplastics, several challenges should be overcome. The first challenge lies in the weak Raman signal of nanoplastics. To address this, effective sample preparation and signal enhancement techniques can be implemented, such as by analysing the hyper spectrum that contains hundred-to-thousand spectra, rather than a single spectrum. Second challenge is the complexity of Raman hyperspectral matrix with dataset size at megabyte (MB) or even bigger, which can be adopted using different algorithms ranging from image merging to multivariate analysis of chemometrics. Third challenge is the laser size that hinders the visualisation of small nanoplastics due to the laser diffraction (λ/2NA, ∼300 nm), which can be solved with involving the use of super-resolution. Signal processing, such as colour off-setting, Gaussian fitting (via deconvolution), and re-focus or image re-construction, are reviewed herein, which show a great promise for breaking through the diffraction limit. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, current studies along with further validation are imperative to refine these approaches and enhance the reliability, not only for nanoplastics research but also for broader investigations in the realm of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Hashimoto DA, Sambasastry SK, Singh V, Kurada S, Altieri M, Yoshida T, Madani A, Jogan M. A foundation for evaluating the surgical artificial intelligence literature. Eur J Surg Oncol 2024:108014. [PMID: 38360498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
With increasing growth in applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in surgery, it has become essential for surgeons to gain a foundation of knowledge to critically appraise the scientific literature, commercial claims regarding products, and regulatory and legal frameworks that govern the development and use of AI. This guide offers surgeons a framework with which to evaluate manuscripts that incorporate the use of AI. It provides a glossary of common terms, an overview of prerequisite knowledge to maximize understanding of methodology, and recommendations on how to carefully consider each element of a manuscript to assess the quality of the data on which an algorithm was trained, the appropriateness of the methodological approach, the potential for reproducibility of the experiment, and the applicability to surgical practice, including considerations on generalizability and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Hashimoto
- Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Global Surgical AI Collaborative, Toronto, ON, USA.
| | - Sai Koushik Sambasastry
- Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivek Singh
- Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sruthi Kurada
- Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Altieri
- Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Global Surgical AI Collaborative, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Takuto Yoshida
- Surgical AI Research Academy, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Amin Madani
- Global Surgical AI Collaborative, Toronto, ON, USA; Surgical AI Research Academy, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Matjaz Jogan
- Penn Computer Assisted Surgery and Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Karmefors Idvall M, Tanushi H, Berge A, Nauclér P, van der Werff SD. The accuracy of fully-automated algorithms for the surveillance of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection in hospitalised patients. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:15. [PMID: 38317207 PMCID: PMC10840273 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous surveillance for healthcare-associated infections such as central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI) is crucial for prevention. However, traditional surveillance methods are resource-intensive and prone to bias. This study aimed to develop and validate fully-automated surveillance algorithms for CVC-BSI. METHODS Two algorithms were developed using electronic health record data from 1000 admissions with a positive blood culture (BCx) at Karolinska University Hospital from 2017: (1) Combining microbiological findings in BCx and CVC cultures with BSI symptoms; (2) Only using microbiological findings. These algorithms were validated in 5170 potential CVC-BSI-episodes from all admissions in 2018-2019, and results extrapolated to all potential CVC-BSI-episodes within this period (n = 181,354). The reference standard was manual record review according to ECDC's definition of microbiologically confirmed CVC-BSI (CRI3-CVC). RESULTS In the potential CVC-BSI-episodes, 51 fulfilled ECDC's definition and the algorithms identified 47 and 49 episodes as CVC-BSI, respectively. Both algorithms performed well in assessing CVC-BSI. Overall, algorithm 2 performed slightly better with in the total period a sensitivity of 0.880 (95%-CI 0.783-0.959), specificity of 1.000 (95%-CI 0.999-1.000), PPV of 0.918 (95%-CI 0.833-0.981) and NPV of 1.000 (95%-CI 0.999-1.000). Incidence according to the reference and algorithm 2 was 0.33 and 0.31 per 1000 in-patient hospital-days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both fully-automated surveillance algorithms for CVC-BSI performed well and could effectively replace manual surveillance. The simpler algorithm, using only microbiology data, is suitable when BCx testing adheres to recommendations, otherwise the algorithm using symptom data might be required. Further validation in other settings is necessary to assess the algorithms' generalisability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Karmefors Idvall
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hideyuki Tanushi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Data Processing and Analysis, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Berge
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Nauclér
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Desirée van der Werff
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Haque MA, Gedara MLB, Nickel N, Turgeon M, Lix LM. The validity of electronic health data for measuring smoking status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:33. [PMID: 38308231 PMCID: PMC10836023 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Multiple smoking status ascertainment algorithms have been developed for population-based electronic health databases such as administrative databases and electronic medical records (EMRs). Evidence syntheses of algorithm validation studies have often focused on chronic diseases rather than risk factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking status ascertainment algorithms to describe the characteristics and validity of these algorithms. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. We searched articles published from 1990 to 2022 in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science with key terms such as validity, administrative data, electronic health records, smoking, and tobacco use. The extracted information, including article characteristics, algorithm characteristics, and validity measures, was descriptively analyzed. Sources of heterogeneity in validity measures were estimated using a meta-regression model. Risk of bias (ROB) in the reviewed articles was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. RESULTS The initial search yielded 2086 articles; 57 were selected for review and 116 algorithms were identified. Almost three-quarters (71.6%) of algorithms were based on EMR data. The algorithms were primarily constructed using diagnosis codes for smoking-related conditions, although prescription medication codes for smoking treatments were also adopted. About half of the algorithms were developed using machine-learning models. The pooled estimates of positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.843, 0.672, and 0.918 respectively. Algorithm sensitivity and specificity were highly variable and ranged from 3 to 100% and 36 to 100%, respectively. Model-based algorithms had significantly greater sensitivity (p = 0.006) than rule-based algorithms. Algorithms for EMR data had higher sensitivity than algorithms for administrative data (p = 0.001). The ROB was low in most of the articles (76.3%) that underwent the assessment. CONCLUSIONS Multiple algorithms using different data sources and methods have been proposed to ascertain smoking status in electronic health data. Many algorithms had low sensitivity and positive predictive value, but the data source influenced their validity. Algorithms based on machine-learning models for multiple linked data sources have improved validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashiqul Haque
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Nathan Nickel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maxime Turgeon
- Department of Statistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Saad A, Jenko N, Ariyaratne S, Birch N, Iyengar KP, Davies AM, Vaishya R, Botchu R. Exploring the potential of ChatGPT in the peer review process: An observational study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102946. [PMID: 38330745 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer review is the established method for evaluating the quality and validity of research manuscripts in scholarly publishing. However, scientific peer review faces challenges as the volume of submitted research has steadily increased in recent years. Time constraints and peer review quality assurance can place burdens on reviewers, potentially discouraging their participation. Some artificial intelligence (AI) tools might assist in relieving these pressures. This study explores the efficiency and effectiveness of one of the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), in the peer review process. METHODS Twenty-one peer-reviewed research articles were anonymised to ensure unbiased evaluation. Each article was reviewed by two humans and by versions 3.5 and 4.0 of ChatGPT. The AI was instructed to provide three positive and three negative comments on the articles and recommend whether they should be accepted or rejected. The human and AI results were compared using a 5-point Likert scale to determine the level of agreement. The correlation between ChatGPT responses and the acceptance or rejection of the papers was also examined. RESULTS Subjective review similarity between human reviewers and ChatGPT showed a mean score of 3.6/5 for ChatGPT 3.5 and 3.76/5 for ChatGPT 4.0. The correlation between human and AI review scores was statistically significant for ChatGPT 3.5, but not for ChatGPT 4.0. CONCLUSION ChatGPT can complement human scientific peer review, enhancing efficiency and promptness in the editorial process. However, a fully automated AI review process is currently not advisable, and ChatGPT's role should be regarded as highly constrained for the present and near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saad
- Department of Orthopedics, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
| | - Nathan Jenko
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
| | - Sisith Ariyaratne
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
| | - Nick Birch
- East Midlands Spine, Bragborough Hall Health & Wellbeing Centre, Welton Road, Braunston, Daventry, Northants, NN117JG, UK.
| | - Karthikeyan P Iyengar
- Department of Orthopedics, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Southport, PR8 6PN, UK.
| | - Arthur Mark Davies
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Mathura Rd, New Delhi, 110076, India.
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
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Bosch D, Scheffler K. FastPtx: a versatile toolbox for rapid, joint design of pTx RF and gradient pulses using Pytorch's autodifferentiation. MAGMA 2024; 37:127-138. [PMID: 38064137 PMCID: PMC10876762 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With modern optimization methods, free optimization of parallel transmit pulses together with their gradient waveforms can be performed on-line within a short time. A toolbox which uses PyTorch's autodifferentiation for simultaneous optimization of RF and gradient waveforms is presented and its performance is evaluated. METHODS MR measurements were performed on a 9.4T MRI scanner using a 3D saturated single-shot turboFlash sequence for [Formula: see text] mapping. RF pulse simulation and optimization were done using a Python toolbox and a dedicated server. An RF- and Gradient pulse design toolbox was developed, including a cost function to balance different metrics and respect hardware and regulatory limits. Pulse performance was evaluated in GRE and MPRAGE imaging. Pulses for non-selective and for slab-selective excitation were designed. RESULTS Universal pulses for non-selective excitation reduced the flip angle error to an NRMSE of (12.3±1.7)% relative to the targeted flip angle in simulations, compared to (42.0±1.4)% in CP mode. The tailored pulses performed best, resulting in a narrow flip angle distribution with NRMSE of (8.2±1.0)%. The tailored pulses could be created in only 66 s, making it feasible to design them during an experiment. A 90° pulse was designed as preparation pulse for a satTFL sequence and achieved a NRMSE of 7.1%. We showed that both MPRAGE and GRE imaging benefited from the pTx pulses created with our toolbox. CONCLUSION The pTx pulse design toolbox can freely optimize gradient and pTx RF waveforms in a short time. This allows for tailoring high-quality pulses in just over a minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bosch
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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Yaish O, Malle A, Cohen E, Orenstein Y. SWOffinder: Efficient and versatile search of CRISPR off-targets with bulges by Smith-Waterman alignment. iScience 2024; 27:108557. [PMID: 38169993 PMCID: PMC10758973 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is revolutionizing the field of gene editing. While this technology enables the targeting of any gene, it may also target unplanned loci, termed off-target sites (OTS), which are a few mismatches, insertions, and deletions from the target. While existing methods for finding OTS up to a given mismatch threshold are efficient, other methods considering insertions and deletions are limited by long runtimes, incomplete OTS lists, and partial support of versatile thresholds. Here, we developed SWOffinder, an efficient method based on Smith-Waterman alignment to find all OTS up to some edit distance. We implemented an original trace-back approach to find OTS under versatile criteria, such as separate limits on the number of insertions, deletions, and mismatches. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, only SWOffinder finds all OTS in the genome in just a few minutes. SWOffinder enables accurate and efficient genomic search of OTS, which will lead to safer gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Yaish
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University the Negev, Beer Sheba 8410501, Israel
| | - Amichai Malle
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University the Negev, Beer Sheba 8410501, Israel
| | - Eliav Cohen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University the Negev, Beer Sheba 8410501, Israel
| | - Yaron Orenstein
- Department of Computer Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Premalatha M, Jayasudha M, Čep R, Priyadarshini J, Kalita K, Chatterjee P. A comparative evaluation of nature-inspired algorithms for feature selection problems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23571. [PMID: 38187288 PMCID: PMC10770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Feature selection is a critical component of machine learning and data mining which addresses challenges like irrelevance, noise, redundancy in large-scale data etc., which often result in the curse of dimensionality. This study employs a K-nearest neighbour wrapper to implement feature selection using six nature-inspired algorithms, derived from human behaviour and mammal-inspired techniques. Evaluated on six real-world datasets, the study aims to compare the performance of these algorithms in terms of accuracy, feature count, fitness, convergence and computational cost. The findings underscore the efficacy of the Human Learning Optimization, Poor and Rich Optimization and Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithms across multiple performance metrics. For instance, for mean fitness, Human Learning Optimization outperforms the others, followed by Poor and Rich Optimization and Harmony Search. The study suggests the potential of human-inspired algorithms, particularly Poor and Rich Optimization, in robust feature selection without compromising classification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariappan Premalatha
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 127, India
| | - Murugan Jayasudha
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 127, India
| | - Robert Čep
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jayaraju Priyadarshini
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600 127, India
| | - Kanak Kalita
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Prasenjit Chatterjee
- Chief Research Fellow, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Sustainable Construction, Laboratory of Smart Building Systems, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Nazaryan L, Barseghyan A, Rayisyan M, Beglaryan M, Simonyan M. Evaluating consumer self-medication practices, pharmaceutical care services, and pharmacy selection: a quantitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:10. [PMID: 38172981 PMCID: PMC10765736 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objectives of this study were the evaluation of consumer self-medication practices, the assessment of pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacy employees, and the analysis of consumer satisfaction with such care. The research was also aimed at examining the main criteria that consumers consider important when selecting a pharmacy in Armenia. METHODS The survey was based on an anonymous questionnaire and carried out between March 2020 and November 2021. It was aimed at providing a comprehensive assessment of pharmaceutical care services and consumer pharmacy choice by investigating two distinct groups: pharmacy consumers and pharmacy employees. RESULTS The research reveals that many residents in Armenia engage in self-medication without consulting professional sources, which can lead to potential risks and result in dangerous consequences. This is partly due to a lack of trust in pharmacy employees, which is primarily due to their inability to provide adequate information and advice. This study highlights a significant need for improvement in the quality of service provided by pharmacy employees. Despite these challenges, the majority of consumers reported having a preferred pharmacy, and that employee knowledge is the most important criterion when choosing a pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS Consumer distrust, in this context, is based on the incomplete knowledge or incompetency of pharmacy employees. Collective actions should be taken to improve the role of pharmacy employees and consequently improve the public trust in them, which can ensure better control of self-medication and reduce the instances of mistreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Nazaryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Anush Barseghyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maria Rayisyan
- Department of Regulatory Relations of Circulation of Medicines and Medical Devices, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Margarit Beglaryan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marta Simonyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
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Dong HQ, Hu XY, Liang SJ, Wang RS, Cheng P. Selection of reference genes in liproxstatin-1-treated K562 Leukemia cells via RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:55. [PMID: 38165476 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) can accurately detect relative gene expression levels in biological samples. However, widely used reference genes exhibit unstable expression under certain conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we compared the expression stability of eight reference genes (RPLP0, RPS18, RPL13, EEF1A1, β-actin, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TUBB) commonly used in liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1)-treated K562 cells using RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR. The expression of EEF1A1, ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TUBB was considerably lower in cells treated with 20 μM Lip-1 than in the control, and GAPDH also showed significant downregulation in the 10 μM Lip-1 group. Meanwhile, when we used geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper to compare expression stability, we found that GAPDH and HPRT1 were the most unstable reference genes among all those tested. Stability analysis yielded very similar results when geNorm or BestKeeper was used but not when NormFinder was used. Specifically, geNorm and BestKeeper identified RPL13 and RPLP0 as the most stable genes under 20 μM Lip-1 treatment, whereas RPL13, EEF1A1, and TUBB were the most stable under 10 μM Lip-1 treatment. TUBB and EEF1A1 were the most stable genes in both treatment groups according to the results obtained using NormFinder. An assumed most stable gene was incorporated into each software to validate the accuracy. The results suggest that NormFinder is not an appropriate algorithm for this study. CONCLUSIONS Stable reference genes were recognized using geNorm and BestKeeper but not NormFinder. Overall, RPL13 and RPLP0 were the most stable reference genes under 20 μM Lip-1 treatment, whereas RPL13, EEF1A1, and TUBB were the most stable genes under 10 μM Lip-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qun Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xue-Ying Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shi-Jing Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Guangxi Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ren-Sheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, Guangxi Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Yamada M, Sekine M, Tatsuse T. Association between excessive screen time and school-level proportion of no family rules among elementary school children in Japan: a multilevel analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2024; 29:16. [PMID: 38494706 PMCID: PMC10957336 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive screen time (ST) in children is a global concern. We assessed the association between individual- and school-level factors and excessive ST in Japanese children using a multilevel analysis. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toyama, Japan in 2018. From 110 elementary schools in Toyama Prefecture, 13,413 children in the 4th-6th grades (boys, 50.9%; mean, 10.5 years old) participated. We assessed lifestyle, recreational ST (not for study use), psychological status, and school and family environment including family rules. We defined ≥3 hours ST as excessive. We calculated the school-level proportions of no family rules and divided them into four categories (<20%, 20% to <30%, 30% to <40%, and ≥40%). A modified multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed. RESULTS In total, 12,611 children were included in the analysis (94.0%). The average school-level proportion of those with no family rules was 32.1% (SD = 9.6). The prevalence of excessive ST was 29.9% (34.9% in boys; 24.8% in girls). The regression analysis showed that excessive ST was significantly associated with both individual-level factors, such as boys (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR); 1.39), older grades (aPR; 1.18 for 5th grades and 1.28 for 6th grades), late wakeup (aPR; 1.13), physical inactivity (aPR; 1.18 for not so much and 1.31 for rarely), late bedtime (aPR; 1.43 for 10 to 11 p.m. and 1.76 for ≥11 p.m.), frequent irritability (aPR; 1.24 for sometimes and 1.46 for often), feelings of school avoidance (aPR; 1.17 for sometimes and 1.22 for often), infrequent child-parental interaction (aPR; 1.16 for rare and 1.21 for none), no family rules (aPR; 1.56), smartphone ownership (aPR; 1.18), and the school-level proportion of no family rules (aPR; 1.20 for 20% to <30%, 1.29 for 30% to <40%, and 1.43 for ≥40%, setting <20% as reference). CONCLUSION Besides individual factors, a higher school-level proportion of no family rules seemed influential on excessive ST. Increasing the number of households with family rules and addressing individual factors, could be deterrents against excessive ST in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yamada
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michikazu Sekine
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tatsuse
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Garcia-Belda A, Cairó O, Martínez-Moro Á, Cuadros M, Pons MC, de Mendoza MVH, Delgado A, Rives N, Carrasco B, Cabello Y, Figueroa MJ, Cascales-Romero L, González-Soto B, Cuevas-Saiz I. Considerations for future modification of The Association for the Study of Reproductive Biology embryo grading system incorporating time-lapse observations. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103570. [PMID: 37952277 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The Association for the Study of Reproductive Biology (ASEBIR) Interest Group in Embryology (in Spanish 'Grupo de Interés de Embriología') reviewed key morphokinetic parameters to assess the contribution of time-lapse technology (TLT) to the ASEBIR grading system. Embryo grading based on morphological characteristics is the most widely used method in human assisted reproduction laboratories. The introduction and implementation of TLT has provided a large amount of information that can be used as a complementary tool for morphological embryo evaluation and selection. As part of IVF treatments, embryologists grade embryos to decide which embryos to transfer or freeze. At the present, the embryo grading system developed by ASEBIR does not consider dynamic events observed through TLT. Laboratories that are using TLT consider those parameters as complementary data for embryo selection. The aim of this review was to evaluate review time-specific morphological changes during embryo development that are not included in the ASEBIR scoring system, and to consider them as candidates to add to the scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Álvaro Martínez-Moro
- IVF Spain Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Animal Reproduction Department, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Langius-Wiffen E, de Jong PA, Mohamed Hoesein FA, Dekker L, van den Hoven AF, Nijholt IM, Boomsma MF, Veldhuis WB. Added value of an artificial intelligence algorithm in reducing the number of missed incidental acute pulmonary embolism in routine portal venous phase chest CT. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:367-373. [PMID: 37532902 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incremental value of artificial intelligence (AI) compared to the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists alone in detecting incidental acute pulmonary embolism (PE) on routine portal venous contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). METHODS CTs of 3089 consecutive patients referred to the radiology department for a routine contrast-enhanced chest CT between 27-5-2020 and 31-12-2020, were retrospectively analysed by a CE-certified and FDA-approved AI algorithm. The diagnostic performance of the AI was compared to the initial report. To determine the reference standard, discordant findings were independently evaluated by two readers. In case of disagreement, another experienced cardiothoracic radiologist with knowledge of the initial report and the AI output adjudicated. RESULTS The prevalence of acute incidental PE in the reference standard was 2.2% (67 of 3089 patients). In 25 cases, AI detected initially unreported PE. This included three cases concerning central/lobar PE. Sensitivity of the AI algorithm was significantly higher than the outcome of the initial report (respectively 95.5% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001), whereas specificity was very high for both (respectively 99.6% vs 99.9%, p = 0.012). The AI algorithm only showed a slightly higher amount of false-positive findings (11 vs. 2), resulting in a significantly lower PPV (85.3% vs. 95.5%, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION The AI algorithm showed high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing incidental PE, detecting an additional 25 cases of initially unreported PE, accounting for 37.3% of all positive cases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Radiologist support from AI algorithms in daily practice can prevent missed incidental acute PE on routine chest CT, without a high burden of false-positive cases. KEY POINTS • Incidental pulmonary embolism is often missed by radiologists in non-diagnostic scans with suboptimal contrast opacification within the pulmonary trunk. • An artificial intelligence algorithm showed higher sensitivity detecting incidental pulmonary embolism on routine portal venous chest CT compared to the initial report. • Implementation of artificial intelligence support in routine daily practice will reduce the number of missed incidental pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Langius-Wiffen
- Department of Radiology, Isala Hospital, Dr. Van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lisette Dekker
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andor F van den Hoven
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Nijholt
- Department of Radiology, Isala Hospital, Dr. Van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F Boomsma
- Department of Radiology, Isala Hospital, Dr. Van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Veldhuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lu MY, Huang CF, Hung CH, Tai C, Mo LR, Kuo HT, Tseng KC, Lo CC, Bair MJ, Wang SJ, Huang JF, Yeh ML, Chen CT, Tsai MC, Huang CW, Lee PL, Yang TH, Huang YH, Chong LW, Chen CL, Yang CC, Yang S, Cheng PN, Hsieh TY, Hu JT, Wu WC, Cheng CY, Chen GY, Zhou GX, Tsai WL, Kao CN, Lin CL, Wang CC, Lin TY, Lin C, Su WW, Lee TH, Chang TS, Liu CJ, Dai CY, Kao JH, Lin HC, Chuang WL, Peng CY, Tsai CW, Chen CY, Yu ML. Artificial intelligence predicts direct-acting antivirals failure among hepatitis C virus patients: A nationwide hepatitis C virus registry program. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:64-79. [PMID: 38195113 PMCID: PMC10776298 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite the high efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), approximately 1-3% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients fail to achieve a sustained virological response. We conducted a nationwide study to investigate risk factors associated with DAA treatment failure. Machine-learning algorithms have been applied to discriminate subjects who may fail to respond to DAA therapy. METHODS We analyzed the Taiwan HCV Registry Program database to explore predictors of DAA failure in HCV patients. Fifty-five host and virological features were assessed using multivariate logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and artificial neural network. The primary outcome was undetectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS The training (n=23,955) and validation (n=10,346) datasets had similar baseline demographics, with an overall DAA failure rate of 1.6% (n=538). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, poor DAA adherence, and higher hemoglobin A1c were significantly associated with virological failure. XGBoost outperformed the other algorithms and logistic regression models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 1.000 in the training dataset and 0.803 in the validation dataset. The top five predictors of treatment failure were HCV RNA, body mass index, α-fetoprotein, platelets, and FIB-4 index. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the XGBoost model (cutoff value=0.5) were 99.5%, 69.7%, 99.9%, 97.4%, and 99.5%, respectively, for the entire dataset. CONCLUSION Machine learning algorithms effectively provide risk stratification for DAA failure and additional information on the factors associated with DAA failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Hung
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Ming Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lein-Ray Mo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed By Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Tao Kuo
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzuchi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chu Lo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jong Bair
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
- Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Jen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Won Chong
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chieh Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Shun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Nan Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hu
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Wen-Chih Wu Clinic, Fengshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Ying Chen
- Penghu Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Penghu, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Lun Tsai
- Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Neng Kao
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Wang
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Ya Lin
- Cishan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Hsi Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei- Tsai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - TACR Study Group
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed By Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzuchi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
- Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan’s General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
- Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Wen-Chih Wu Clinic, Fengshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Penghu Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Penghu, Taiwan
- Zhou Guoxiong Clinic, Penghu, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Liver Research Unit, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cishan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Daluwatte C, Dvaretskaya M, Ekhtiari S, Hayat P, Montmerle M, Mathur S, Macina D. Development of an algorithm for finding pertussis episodes in a population-based electronic health record database. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2209455. [PMID: 37171155 PMCID: PMC10184588 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2209455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines for adolescents and adults were licensed in 2005 and immunization strategies proposed, the burden of pertussis in this population remains under-recognized mainly due to atypical disease presentation, undermining efforts to optimize protection through vaccination. We developed a machine learning algorithm to identify undiagnosed/misdiagnosed pertussis episodes in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory disease (ARD) using signs, diseases and symptoms from clinician notes and demographic information within electronic health-care records (Optum Humedica repository [2007-2019]). We used two patient cohorts aged ≥11 years to develop the model: a positive pertussis cohort (4,515 episodes in 4,316 patients) and a negative pertussis (ARD) cohort (4,573,445 episodes and patients), defined using ICD 9/10 codes. To improve contrast between positive pertussis and negative pertussis (ARD) episodes, only episodes with ≥7 symptoms were selected. LightGBM was used as the machine learning model for pertussis episode identification. Model validity was determined using laboratory-confirmed pertussis positive and negative cohorts. Model explainability was obtained using the Shapley additive explanations method. The predictive performance was as follows: area under the precision-recall curve, 0.24 (SD, 7 × 10-3); recall, 0.72 (SD, 4 × 10-3); precision, 0.012 (SD, 1 × 10-3); and specificity, 0.94 (SD, 7 × 10-3). The model applied to laboratory-confirmed positive and negative pertussis episodes had a specificity of 0.846. Predictive probability for pertussis increased with presence of whooping cough, whoop, and post-tussive vomiting in clinician notes, but decreased with gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis, pulmonary symptoms, and fever. In conclusion, machine learning can help identify pertussis episodes among those diagnosed with ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sachin Mathur
- Digital R&D, Sanofi US Services, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denis Macina
- Global Medical, PPH Franchise, Sanofi, Lyon, France
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Zhao X, Zhou B, Luo Y, Chen L, Zhu L, Chang S, Fang X, Yao Z. CT-based deep learning model for predicting hospital discharge outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Eur Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00330-023-10505-6. [PMID: 38127074 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To predict the functional outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using deep learning models based on computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS A retrospective, bi-center study of ICH patients was conducted. Firstly, a custom 3D convolutional model was built for predicting the functional outcome of ICH patients based on CT scans from randomly selected ICH patients in H training dataset collected from H hospital. Secondly, clinical data and radiological features were collected at admission and the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to establish a second model, named the XGBoost model. Finally, the Convolution model and XGBoost model were fused to build the third "Fusion model." Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3 at discharge. The prognostic predictive accuracy of the three models was evaluated using an H test dataset and an external Y dataset, and compared with the performance of ICH score and ICH grading scale (ICH-GS). RESULTS A total of 604 patients with ICH were included in this study, of which 450 patients were in the H training dataset, 50 patients in the H test dataset, and 104 patients in the Y dataset. In the Y dataset, the areas under the curve (AUCs) of the Convolution model, XGBoost model, and Fusion model were 0.829, 0.871, and 0.905, respectively. The Fusion model prognostic performance exceeded that of ICH score and ICH-GS (p = 0.043 and p = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Deep learning models have good accuracy for predicting functional outcome of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The proposed deep learning Fusion model may assist clinicians in predicting functional outcome and developing treatment strategies, thereby improving the survival and quality of life of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. KEY POINTS • Integrating clinical presentations, CT images, and radiological features to establish deep learning model for functional outcome prediction of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. • Deep learning applied to CT images provides great help in prognosing functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage patients. • The developed deep learning model performs better than clinical prognostic scores in predicting functional outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bijing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Jing'an District, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lequn Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Jing'an District, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Jung YS, Song YJ, Keum J, Lee JW, Jang EJ, Cho SK, Sung YK, Jung SY. Identifying pregnancy episodes and estimating the last menstrual period using an administrative database in Korea: an application to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Epidemiol Health 2023; 46:e2024012. [PMID: 38476014 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2024012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study developed an algorithm for identifying pregnancy episodes and estimating the last menstrual period (LMP) in an administrative claims database and applied it to investigate the use of pregnancy-incompatible immunosuppressants among pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS An algorithm was developed and applied to a nationwide claims database in Korea. Pregnancy episodes were identified using a hierarchy of pregnancy outcomes and clinically plausible periods for subsequent episodes. The LMP was estimated using preterm delivery, sonography, and abortion procedure codes. Otherwise, outcome-specific estimates were applied, assigning a fixed gestational age to the corresponding pregnancy outcome. The algorithm was used to examine the prevalence of pregnancies and utilization of pregnancy-incompatible immunosuppressants (cyclophosphamide [CYC]/mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]/methotrexate [MTX]) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy in SLE patients. RESULTS The pregnancy outcomes identified in SLE patients included live births (67%), stillbirths (2%), and abortions (31%). The LMP was mostly estimated with outcome-specific estimates for full-term births (92.3%) and using sonography procedure codes (54.7%) and preterm delivery diagnosis codes (37.9%) for preterm births. The use of CYC/MMF/MTX decreased from 7.6% during preconception to 0.2% at the end of pregnancy. CYC/MMF/MTX use was observed in 3.6% of women within 3 months preconception and 2.5% during 0-7 weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first pregnancy algorithm using a Korean administrative claims database. Although further validation is necessary, this study provides a foundation for evaluating the safety of medications during pregnancy using secondary databases in Korea, especially for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Seon Jung
- Chung-Ang University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Keum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Won Lee
- Chung-Ang University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Jang
- Department of Information Statistics, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- Chung-Ang University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Mori Y, Jin EH, Lee D. Enhancing artificial intelligence-doctor collaboration for computer-aided diagnosis in colonoscopy through improved digital literacy. Dig Liver Dis 2023:S1590-8658(23)01072-1. [PMID: 38105144 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Establishing appropriate trust and maintaining a balanced reliance on digital resources are vital for accurate optical diagnoses and effective integration of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) in colonoscopy. Active learning using diverse polyp image datasets can help in developing precise CADx systems. Enhancing doctors' digital literacy and interpreting their results is crucial. Explainable artificial intelligence (AI) addresses opacity, and textual descriptions, along with AI-generated content, deepen the interpretability of AI-based findings by doctors. AI conveying uncertainties and decision confidence aids doctors' acceptance of results. Optimal AI-doctor collaboration requires improving algorithm performance, transparency, addressing uncertainties, and enhancing doctors' optical diagnostic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Mori
- Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dongheon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
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Dietzel M, Bernathova M, Clauser P, Kapetas P, Uder M, Baltzer PAT. Added value of clinical decision rules for the management of enhancing breast MRI lesions: A systematic comparison of the Kaiser score and the Göttingen score. Eur J Radiol 2023; 169:111185. [PMID: 37939606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the added value of two internationally used clinical decision rules in the management of enhancing lesions on breast MRI. METHODS This retrospective, institutional review board approved study included consecutive patients from two different populations. Patients received breast MRI according to the recommendations of the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI). Initially, all examinations were assessed by expert readers without using clinical decision rules. All lesions rated as category 4 or 5 according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System were histologically confirmed. These lesions were re-evaluated by an expert reader blinded to the histology. He assigned each lesion a Göttingen score (GS) and a Kaiser score (KS) on different occasions. To provide an estimate on inter-reader agreement, a second fellowship-trained reader assessed a subset of these lesions. Subgroup analyses based on lesion type (mass vs. non-mass), size (>1 cm vs. ≤ 1 cm), menopausal status, and significant background parenchymal enhancement were conducted. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for the GS and KS were compared, and the potential to avoid unnecessary biopsies was determined according to previously established cutoffs (KS > 4, GS > 3) RESULTS: 527 lesions in 506 patients were included (mean age: 51.8 years, inter-quartile-range: 43.0-61.0 years). 131/527 lesions were malignant (24.9 %; 95 %-confidence-interval: 21.3-28.8). In all subgroups, the AUCs of the KS (median = 0.91) were higher than those of the GS (median = 0.83). Except for "premenopausal patients" (p = 0.057), these differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). Kappa agreement was higher for the KS (0.922) than for the GS (0.358). CONCLUSION Both the KS and the GS provided added value for the management of enhancing lesions on breast MRI. The KS was superior to the GS in terms of avoiding unnecessary biopsies and showed superior inter-reader agreement; therefore, it may be regarded as the clinical decision rule of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dietzel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Maria Bernathova
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paola Clauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Panagiotis Kapetas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Pascal A T Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
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Gallistl V, Wanka A. Spacetimematter of aging - The material temporalities of later life. J Aging Stud 2023; 67:101182. [PMID: 38012942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Material gerontology poses the question of how aging processes are co-constituted in relation to different forms of (human and non-human) materiality. This paper makes a novel contribution by asking when aging processes are co-constituted and how these temporalities of aging are entangled with different forms of materiality. In this paper, we explore the entanglements of temporality and materiality in shaping later life by framing them as spacetimematters (Barad, 2013). By drawing on empirical examples from data from a qualitative case study in a long-term care (LTC) facility, we ask how the entanglement of materiality and temporality of a fall-detection sensor co-constitutes aging. We focus on two types of material temporality that came to matter in age-boundary-making practices at this site: the material temporality of a technology-in-training and the material temporality of (false) alarms. Both are interwoven, produced and reproduced through spacetimematterings that established age-boundaries. Against the backdrop of these findings, we propose to understand age(ing) as a situated, distributed, more-than-human process of practices: It emerges in an assemblage of technological innovation discourses, problematizations of demographic change, digitized and analog practices of care and caring, bodily functioning, daily routines, institutionalized spaces and much more. Finally, we discuss the role power plays in those spacetimematterings of aging and conclude with a research outlook for material gerontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gallistl
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Division Gerontology and Health Research, Krems, Austria.
| | - Anna Wanka
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Emmy-Noether Group 'Linking Ages', Germany
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Parvatikar PP, Patil S, Khaparkhuntikar K, Patil S, Singh PK, Sahana R, Kulkarni RV, Raghu AV. Artificial intelligence: Machine learning approach for screening large database and drug discovery. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105740. [PMID: 37935248 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent research in drug discovery dealing with many faces difficulties, including development of new drugs during disease outbreak and drug resistance due to rapidly accumulating mutations. Virtual screening is the most widely used method in computer aided drug discovery. It has a prominent ability in screening drug targets from large molecular databases. Recently, a number of web servers have developed for quickly screening publicly accessible chemical databases. In a nutshell, deep learning algorithms and artificial neural networks have modernised the field. Several drug discovery processes have used machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including peptide synthesis, structure-based virtual screening, ligand-based virtual screening, toxicity prediction, drug monitoring and release, pharmacophore modelling, quantitative structure-activity relationship, drug repositioning, polypharmacology, and physiochemical activity. Although there are presently a wide variety of data-driven AI/ML tools available, the majority of these tools have, up to this point, been developed in the context of non-communicable diseases like cancer, and a number of obstacles have prevented the translation of these tools to the discovery of treatments against infectious diseases. In this review various aspects of AI and ML in virtual screening of large databases were discussed. Here, with an emphasis on antivirals as well as other disease, offers a perspective on the advantages, drawbacks, and hazards of AI/ML techniques in the search for innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi P Parvatikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sudha Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijayapur 586 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Kedar Khaparkhuntikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shruti Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - R Sahana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and Management, 560076, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raghavendra V Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijayapur 586 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjanapura V Raghu
- Department of Science and Technology, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India.
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Belotti LMB, Di Martino M, Zenesini C, Vignatelli L, Baldin E, Baccari F, Ridley B, Nonino F. Impact of adherence to disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis: A study on Italian real-world data. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 80:105094. [PMID: 37913675 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system requiring complex diagnostic and therapeutic management. Treatment with Disease Modifying Drugs (DMDs) is aimed at reducing relapse rate and disease disability. Few real-world, population-based data are available on the impact of adherence on relapse rate. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of adherence to DMDs on relapses in a real-world Italian setting. METHODS Population-based cohort study. People with MS (PwMS) older than 18 years and residing in the Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy, were identified through administrative databases using a validated algorithm. A Cox regression model with a time-varying exposure was performed to assess the association between level of adherence to DMDs and relapses over a 5-year period. RESULTS A total of 2,528 PwMS receiving a first prescription of DMDs between 2015 and 2019 were included (average age of 42, two-thirds female). Highly adherent PwMS had a 25 % lower hazard of experiencing moderate or severe relapses than non-adherent PwMS (Hazard Ratio 0.75, 95 % CI 0.58 to 0.98), after adjusting for age and sex. Several sensitivity analyses supported the main result. CONCLUSION The results of our study support the hypothesis that a high level of DMD adherence in MS is associated with a lower risk of moderate or severe relapse. Therefore, choosing the DMD with which to start drug treatment and recommending adherence to treatment appear to be crucial aspects involving both physicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Beatrice Belotti
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy.
| | - Mirko Di Martino
- Department of Epidemiology of the Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112-00147 Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Luca Vignatelli
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Elisa Baldin
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Flavia Baccari
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Ben Ridley
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Francesco Nonino
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 3, Bologna 40139, Italy
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Andreace F, Lechat P, Dufresne Y, Chikhi R. Comparing methods for constructing and representing human pangenome graphs. Genome Biol 2023; 24:274. [PMID: 38037131 PMCID: PMC10691155 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a single reference genome cannot possibly represent all the variation present across human individuals, pangenome graphs have been introduced to incorporate population diversity within a wide range of genomic analyses. Several data structures have been proposed for representing collections of genomes as pangenomes, in particular graphs. RESULTS In this work, we collect all publicly available high-quality human haplotypes and construct the largest human pangenome graphs to date, incorporating 52 individuals in addition to two synthetic references (CHM13 and GRCh38). We build variation graphs and de Bruijn graphs of this collection using five of the state-of-the-art tools: Bifrost, mdbg, Minigraph, Minigraph-Cactus and pggb. We examine differences in the way each of these tools represents variations between input sequences, both in terms of overall graph structure and representation of specific genetic loci. CONCLUSION This work sheds light on key differences between pangenome graph representations, informing end-users on how to select the most appropriate graph type for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreace
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Lechat
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Dufresne
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Rayan Chikhi
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
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Lima ADA, Souza LDM, Bádue GS, da Silva Diniz A, Silva-Neto LGR, Bueno NB, Barros-Neto JA, Vasconcelos DDS, Severino NDS, Peixoto VA, Vasconcelos KEPD, Ataíde TDR. Estimation of the availability of iron in the school meals of Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education of a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1779-1786. [PMID: 36938805 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The final stage of Fe deficiency is Fe deficiency anaemia, with repercussions for human health, especially in children under 5 years of age. Studies conducted in Brazilian public daycare centres show high prevalence of anaemia. The present study aims to evaluate the availability of Fe in the meals of the Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education in Maceió. The experimental design comprises selection of algorithms, menu evaluation, calculation of the estimates, comparison between the estimates obtained and the recommendations, and analysis of correlation between meal constituents, and of the concordance between the absorbable Fe estimates. Four algorithms were selected and a monthly menu consisting of 22 d. The correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation to animal tissue (AT) v. non-heme iron (r = 0·42; P = 0·04), and negative to AT v. Ca (r = -0·54; P = 0·09) and Ca v. phytates (r = -0·46, P = 0·03). Estimates of absorbable Fe ranged from 0·23 to 0·44 mg/d. The amount of Fe available, unlike the total amount of Fe offered, does not meet the nutritional recommendations on most school days. The Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the Monsen and Balinfty and Rickard et al. showed greater agreement. The results confirm the need to adopt strategies to increase the availability of Fe in school meals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alcides da Silva Diniz
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Health Sciences Center, Department of Nutrition, Recife, Brazil
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