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Gao C, Yang B, Li Y, Pei W. Monocarboxylate transporter-dependent mechanism is involved in the adaptability of the body to exercise-induced fatigue under high-altitude hypoxia environment. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:78-85. [PMID: 36804772 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Under high-altitude hypoxia environment, the body is more prone to fatigue, which occurs in both peripheral muscles and the central nervous system (CNS). The key factor determining the latter is the imbalance of brain energy metabolism, which makes it difficult to maintain the central nervous system to send peripheral nerve impulse continuously. During strenuous exercise, lactate released from astrocytes is taken up by neurons stored for energy to maintain synaptic transmission, a process mediated by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in CNS. The present study investigated the correlation among the adaptability to exercise-induced fatigue, brain lactate metabolism and neuronal hypoxia injury under high-altitude hypoxia environment. Rats were subjected to exhaustive incremental load treadmill exercise under either normal pressure and normoxic conditions or simulated high-altitude low pressure and hypoxic conditions, with subsequent evaluation of the average exhaustive time as well as the expression of monocarboxylate transporters 2 (MCT2), MCT4, the average neuronal density in the cerebral motor cortex, and the lactate content in rat brain. At the early stage of simulated high-altitude environment, the average exhaustive time and neuronal density of rats decreased rapidly, then gradually recovered to some extent with the extension of altitude acclimatization time. The expression of MCT2, MCT4 and the lactate content in rat brain also increased gradually with the extension of altitude acclimatization time. After the application of lactate transport inhibitor, the recovery of exercise capacity of rats after altitude acclimatization was quickly blocked, and the neuronal injury in the cerebral motor cortex of rats was also significantly aggravated. These findings demonstrate that MCT-dependent mechanism is involved in the adaptability of the body to central fatigue, and provide a potential basis for medical intervention for exercise-induced fatigue under high-altitude hypoxia environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Department of General Practice, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Binni Yang
- Department of General Practice, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Department of General Practice, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenjuan Pei
- Department of General Practice, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Li Y, Ma Y, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu X, Hao M, Yin X, Liang M, Zhang H, Wang X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Duan W, Kang L, Qiao B, Wang J, Jin L. Using Composite Phenotypes to Reveal Hidden Physiological Heterogeneity in High- Altitude Acclimatization in a Chinese Han Longitudinal Cohort. Phenomics 2021; 1:3-14. [PMID: 36939745 PMCID: PMC9584130 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-020-00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Altitude acclimatization is a human physiological process of adjusting to the decreased oxygen availability. Since several physiological processes are involved and their correlations are complicated, the analyses of single traits are insufficient in revealing the complex mechanism of high-altitude acclimatization. In this study, we examined these physiological responses as the composite phenotypes that are represented by a linear combination of physiological traits. We developed a strategy that combines both spectral clustering and partial least squares path modeling (PLSPM) to define composite phenotypes based on a cohort study of 883 Chinese Han males. In addition, we captured 14 composite phenotypes from 28 physiological traits of high-altitude acclimatization. Using these composite phenotypes, we applied k-means clustering to reveal hidden population physiological heterogeneity in high-altitude acclimatization. Furthermore, we employed multivariate linear regression to systematically model (Models 1 and 2) oxygen saturation (SpO2) changes in high-altitude acclimatization and evaluated model fitness performance. Composite phenotypes based on Model 2 fit better than single trait-based Model 1 in all measurement indices. This new strategy of using composite phenotypes may be potentially employed as a general strategy for complex traits research such as genetic loci discovery and analyses of phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute for Six-Sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute for Six-Sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Kun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Meng Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xianhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Meng Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 China
| | - Wenyuan Duan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong Provincial Western Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022 China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related To Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong Provincial Western Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022 China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute for Six-Sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Institute for Six-Sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730 China
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Mortola JP, Wilfong D. Hematocrit of mammals (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Primates) at 1500m and 2100m altitudes. ZOOLOGY 2017; 125:10-23. [PMID: 28855086 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rise in hematocrit (Hct) is one of the hallmarks of human acclimatization to high altitude and, in chronic conditions, reflects the hypoxia-induced polycythemia. However, it is not a uniform response among domestic species and it is not found in Andean camelids, species long adapted to high altitudes. Hence, we asked to what extent the polycythemia of humans is common among mammals. Hct data were collected from captive mammals of three orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora), 70 specimens of 33 species at ∼1500m altitude (barometric pressure Pb=635mmHg) and 296 specimens of 64 species at ∼2100m (Pb=596mmHg), long-term residents at those altitudes. Sea level values and data in men and women at the corresponding altitudes were from a compilation of literature sources. At either altitude Hct was significantly higher than at sea level both in men and women; the increase (ΔHct) for genders combined averaged 3.4% (±0.7 SEM) at 1500m and 5.4% (±0.3) at 2100m. Differently, among the three mammalian orders studied a significant increase in Hct occurred only in females of Carnivora (at 1500m) and in males of Primates (at 2100m). The average ΔHct of all species combined was 0.8% (±0.7) at 1500m and 1.5% (±0.4) at 2100m, both significantly less than in humans (P<0.001). At 2100m the average ΔHct of nine species long adapted to high altitude was 0.4% (±1), significantly less than in non-adapted species (P<0.001). A polycythemic response like that of men and women at 2100m occurred in less than 10% of the mammals examined. We conclude that, at least for the altitudes studied, a minimal polycythemia is a general feature of both high-altitude adapted and non-adapted species, and the magnitude of the human response is exceptional among mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo P Mortola
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - DeeAnn Wilfong
- Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, 4250 Cheyenne Mountain Zoo Road, Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA
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