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Naqqash T, Aziz A, Baber M, Shahid M, Sajid M, Emanuele R, Gaafar ARZ, Hodhod MS, Haider G. Metal-tolerant morganella morganii isolates can potentially mediate nickel stress tolerance in Arabidopsis by upregulating antioxidative enzyme activities. Plant Signal Behav 2024; 19:2318513. [PMID: 38526224 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2318513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been utilized to immobilize heavy metals, limiting their translocation in metal contaminated settings. However, studies on the mechanisms and interactions that elucidate how PGPRs mediate Nickel (Ni) tolerance in plants are rare. Thus, in this study we investigated how two pre-characterized heavy metal tolerant isolates of Morganella morganii (ABT9 and ABT3) improve Ni stress tolerance in Arabidopsis while enhancing its growth and yield. Arabidopsis seedlings were grown for five weeks in control/Ni contaminated (control, 1.5 mM and 2.5 mM) potted soil, in the presence or absence of PGPRs. Plant growth characteristics, quantum yield, and antioxidative enzymatic activities were analyzed to assess the influence of PGPRs on plant physiology. Oxidative stress tolerance was quantified by measuring MDA accumulation in Arabidopsis plants. As expected, Ni stress substantially reduced plant growth (shoot and root fresh weight by 53.25% and 58.77%, dry weight by 49.80% and 57.41% and length by 47.16% and 64.63% over control), chlorophyll content and quantum yield (by 40.21% and 54.37% over control). It also increased MDA content by 84.28% at higher (2.5 mM) Ni concentrations. In contrast, inoculation with M. morganii led to significant improvements in leaf chlorophyll, quantum yield, and Arabidopsis biomass production. The mitigation of adverse effects of Ni stress on biomass observed in M. morganii-inoculated plants was attributed to the enhancement of antioxidative enzyme activities compared to Ni-treated plants. This upregulation of the antioxidative defense mechanism mitigated Ni-induced oxidative stress, leading to improved performance of the photosynthetic machinery, which, in turn, enhanced chlorophyll content and quantum yield. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these tolerance-inducing processes will help to complete the picture of PGPRs-mediated defense signaling. Thus, it suggests that M. morganii PGPRs candidate can potentially be utilized for plant growth promotion by reducing oxidative stress via upregulating antioxidant defense systems in Ni-contaminated soils and reducing Ni metal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aeman Aziz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Baber
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Radicetti Emanuele
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hodhod
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts, 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Safavi-Rizi V, Uhlig T, Lutter F, Safavi-Rizi H, Krajinski-Barth F, Sasso S. Reciprocal modulation of responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav 2024; 19:2300228. [PMID: 38165809 PMCID: PMC10763642 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The flooding of agricultural land leads to hypoxia and nitrate leaching. While understanding the plant's response to these conditions is essential for crop improvement, the effect of extended nitrate limitation on subsequent hypoxia has not been studied in an organ-specific manner. We cultivated Arabidopsis thaliana without nitrate for 1 week before inducing hypoxia by bubbling the hydroponic solution with nitrogen gas for 16 h. In the roots, the transcripts of two transcription factor genes (HRA1, HRE2) and three genes involved in fermentation (SUS4, PDC1, ADH1) were ~10- to 100-fold upregulated by simultaneous hypoxia and nitrate starvation compared to the control condition (replete nitrate and oxygen). In contrast, this hypoxic upregulation was ~5 to 10 times stronger when nitrate was available. The phytoglobin genes PGB1 and PGB2, involved in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, were massively downregulated by nitrate starvation (~1000-fold and 105-fold, respectively), but only under ambient oxygen levels; this was reflected in a 2.5-fold increase in NO concentration. In the leaves, HRA1, SUS4, and RAP2.3 were upregulated ~20-fold by hypoxia under nitrate starvation, whereas this upregulation was virtually absent in the presence of nitrate. Our results highlight that the plant's responses to nitrate starvation and hypoxia can influence each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajiheh Safavi-Rizi
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina Uhlig
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Lutter
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamid Safavi-Rizi
- Department of Information Technology Engineering, Institute of Information Technology and Computer Engineering, University of Payame Noor, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Franziska Krajinski-Barth
- Institute of Biology, Department of General and Applied Botany, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Severin Sasso
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Esparza-Reynoso S, Ayala-Rodríguez JÁ, López-Bucio J. Pseudomonas putida configures Arabidopsis root architecture through modulating the sensing systems for phosphate and iron acquisition. Plant Sci 2024; 342:112028. [PMID: 38360401 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphate (Pi) are two essential nutrients that are poorly available in the soil and should be supplemented either as fertilizers or organic amendments to sustain crop production. Currently, determining how rhizosphere bacteria contribute to plant mineral nutrient acquisition is an area of growing interest regarding its potential application in agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of root colonization by Pseudomonas putida for Arabidopsis growth through Fe and Pi nutritional signaling. We found that root colonization by the bacterium inhibits primary root elongation and promotes the formation of lateral roots. These effects could be related to higher expression of two Pi starvation-induced genes and AtPT1, the major Pi transporter in root tips. In addition, P. putida influenced the accumulation of Fe in the root and the expression of different elements of the Fe uptake pathway. The loss of function of the protein ligase BRUTUS (BTS), and the bHLH transcription factors POPEYE (PYE) and IAA-LEUCINE RESISTANT3 (ILR3) compromised the root branching stimulation triggered by bacterial inoculation while the leaf chlorosis in the fit1 and irt1-1 mutant plants grown under standard conditions could be bypassed by P. putida inoculation. The WT and both mutant lines showed similar Fe accumulation in roots. P. putida repressed the expression of the IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) gene suggesting that the bacterium promotes an alternative Fe uptake mechanism. These results open the door for the use of P. putida to enhance nutrient uptake and optimize fertilizer usage by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí Esparza-Reynoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán C.P. 58030, Mexico
| | - Juan Ángel Ayala-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán C.P. 58030, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán C.P. 58030, Mexico.
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Li D, Du J, Gao M, He C. Identification of AtALKBH1A and AtALKBH1D as DNA N 6-adenine demethylases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci 2024; 342:112055. [PMID: 38432357 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA N6-methyladenine (6 mA) has recently been discovered as a novel DNA modification in animals and plants. In mammals, AlkB homolog 1 (ALKBH1) has been identified as a DNA 6 mA demethylase. ALKBH1 tightly controls the DNA 6 mA methylation level of mammalian genomes and plays important role in regulating gene expression. DNA 6 mA methylation has also been reported to exist in plant genomes, however, the plant DNA 6 mA demethylases and their function remain largely unknown. Here we identify homologs of ALKBH1 as DNA 6 mA demethylases in Arabidopsis. We discover that there are four homologs of ALKBH1, AtALKBH1A, AtALKBH1B, AtALKBH1C and AtALKBH1D, in Arabidopsis. In vitro enzymatic activity studies reveal that AtALKBH1A and 1D can efficiently erase DNA 6 mA methylation. Loss of function of AtALKBH1A and AtALKBH1D causes elevated DNA 6 mA methylation levels in vivo. atalkbh1a/1d mutant displays delayed seed gemination. Based on our RNA-seq data, we find some regulators of seed gemination are dysregulated in atalkbh1a/1d, and the dysregulation is correlated with changes of DNA 6 mA methylation levels. This study identifies plant DNA 6 mA demethylases and reports the function of DNA 6 mA methylation in regulating seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Juan Du
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Min Gao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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Shinozaki D, Takayama E, Kawakami N, Yoshimoto K. Autophagy maintains endosperm quality during seed storage to preserve germination ability in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321612121. [PMID: 38530890 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321612121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To preserve germination ability, plant seeds must be protected from environmental stresses during the storage period. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, maintains seed germination ability in Arabidopsis thaliana. The germination ability of long-term (>5 years) stored dry seeds of autophagy-defective (atg) mutant and wild-type (WT) plants was compared. Long-term stored (old) seeds of atg mutants showed lower germination ability than WT seeds, although short-term stored (new) seeds of atg mutants did not show such a phenotype. After removal of the seed coat and endosperm from old atg mutant seeds, the embryos developed into seedlings. Autophagic flux was maintained in endosperm cells during the storage period, and autophagy defect resulted in the accumulation of oxidized proteins and accelerated endosperm cell death. Consistent with these findings, the transcripts of genes, ENDO-β-MANNANASE 7 and EXPANSIN 2, which are responsible for degradation/remodeling of the endosperm cell wall during germination, were reduced in old atg mutant seeds. We conclude that autophagy maintains endosperm quality during seed storage by suppressing aging-dependent oxidative damage and cell death, which allows the endosperm to perform optimal functions during germination, i.e., cell wall degradation/remodeling, even after long-term storage.
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Grants
- 16H07255 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 19H05713 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20H03281 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- S1411023 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 23H02506 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 21J11995 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shinozaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Erina Takayama
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
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Ma Y, Wang Z, Humphries J, Ratcliffe J, Bacic A, Johnson KL, Qu G. WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE Like 14 regulates vascular tissue development in Arabidopsis and tomato. Plant Sci 2024; 341:112013. [PMID: 38309474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Initiation of plant vascular tissue is regulated by transcriptional networks during development and in response to environmental stimuli. The WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASES (WAKs) and WAK-likes (WAKLs) are cell surface receptors involved in cell expansion and defence in cells with primary walls, yet their roles in regulation of vascular tissue development that contain secondary walls remains unclear. In this study, we showed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlWAKL2 and the orthologous gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtWAKL14, were specifically expressed in vascular tissues. SlWAKL2-RNAi tomato plants displayed smaller fruit size with fewer seeds and vascular bundles compared to wild-type (WT) and over-expression (OE) lines. RNA-seq data showed that SlWAKL2-RNAi fruits down-regulated transcript levels of genes related to vascular tissue development compared to WT. Histological analysis showed T-DNA insertion mutant wakl14-1 had reduced plant stem length with fewer number of xylem vessels and interfascicular fibres compared to WT, with no significant differences in cellulose and lignin content. Mutant wakl14-1 also showed reduced number of vascular bundles in fruit. A proWAKL14::mCherry-WAKL14 fusion protein was able to complement wakl14-1 phenotypes and showed mCherry-WAKL14 associated with the plasma membrane. In vitro binding assays showed both SlWAKL2 and AtWAKL14 can interact with pectin and oligogalacturonides. Our results reveal novel roles of WAKLs in regulating vascular tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - John Humphries
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Julian Ratcliffe
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guiqin Qu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Liu J, Fan Y, Liu Y, He M, Sun Y, Zheng Q, Mi L, Liu J, Liu W, Tang N, Zhao X, Hu Z, Guo S, Yan D. APP1/NTL9-CalS8 module ensures proper phloem differentiation by stabilizing callose accumulation and symplastic communication. New Phytol 2024; 242:154-169. [PMID: 38375601 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Phloem sieve elements (PSE), the primary conduits collaborating with neighboring phloem pole pericycle (PPP) cells to facilitate unloading in Arabidopsis roots, undergo a series of developmental stages before achieving maturation and functionality. However, the mechanism that maintains the proper progression of these differentiation stages remains largely unknown. We identified a gain-of-function mutant altered phloem pole pericycle 1 Dominant (app1D), producing a truncated, nuclear-localized active form of NAC with Transmembrane Motif 1-like (NTL9). This mutation leads to ectopic expression of its downstream target CALLOSE SYNTHASE 8 (CalS8), thereby inducing callose accumulation, impeding SE differentiation, impairing phloem transport, and inhibiting root growth. The app1D phenotype could be reproduced by blocking the symplastic channels of cells within APP1 expression domain in wild-type (WT) roots. The WT APP1 is primarily membrane-tethered and dormant in the root meristem cells but entries into the nucleus in several cells in PPP near the unloading region, and this import is inhibited by blocking the symplastic intercellular transport in differentiating SE. Our results suggest a potential maintenance mechanism involving an APP1-CalS8 module, which induces CalS8 expression and modulates symplastic communication, and the proper activation of this module is crucial for the successful differentiation of SE in the Arabidopsis root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yongxiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Meiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lingyu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Vázquez KRJ, López-Hernández J, García-Cárdenas E, Pelagio-Flores R, López-Bucio JS, Téxon AC, Ibarra-Laclette E, López-Bucio J. The plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Achromobacter sp. 5B1, rescues Arabidopsis seedlings from alkaline stress by enhancing root organogenesis and hormonal responses. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127594. [PMID: 38211416 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil alkalinity is a critical environmental factor for plant growth and distribution in ecosystems. An alkaline condition (pH > 7) is imposed by the rising concentration of hydroxides and cations, and prevails in semiarid and arid environments, which represent more than 25% of the total arable land of the world. Despite the great pressure exerted by alkalinity for root viability and plant survival, scarce information is available to understand how root microbes contribute to alkaline pH adaptation. Here, we assessed the effects of alkalinity on shoot and root biomass production, chlorophyll content, root growth and branching, lateral root primordia formation, and the expression of CYCB1, TOR kinase, and auxin and cytokinin-inducible trangenes in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis seedlings grown in Petri plates with agar-nutrient medium at pH values of 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0. The results showed an inverse correlation between the rise of pH and most growth, hormonal and genetic traits analyzed. Noteworthy, root inoculation with Achromobacter sp. 5B1, a beneficial rhizospheric bacterium, with plant growth promoting and salt tolerance features, increased biomass production, restored root growth and branching and enhanced auxin responses in WT seedlings and auxin-related mutants aux1-7 and eir1, indicating that stress adaptation operates independently of canonical auxin transporter proteins. Sequencing of the Achromobacter sp. 5B1 genome unveiled 5244 protein-coding genes, including genes possibly involved in auxin biosynthesis, quorum-sensing regulation and stress adaptation, which may account for its plant growth promotion attributes. These data highlight the critical role of rhizobacteria to increase plant resilience under high soil pH conditions potentially through genes for adaptation to an extreme environment and bacteria-plant communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirán Rubí Jiménez Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P., 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P., 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth García-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P., 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Avenida Tzintzuntzan 173; Col. Matamoros, 58240 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Salvador López-Bucio
- Catedrático CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P., 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Anahí Canedo Téxon
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C.P. 91070, Xalapa, Ver, Mexico; Departamento de la Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur., Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ranchería el Guineo, Sección II C.P., 86280 Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C.P. 91070, Xalapa, Ver, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P., 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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9
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Wu X, Jia Y, Ma Q, Wang T, Xu J, Chen H, Wang M, Song H, Cao S. The transcription factor bZIP44 cooperates with MYB10 and MYB72 to regulate the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to iron deficiency stress. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38523234 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nicotianamine (NA) plays a crucial role in transporting metal ions, including iron (Fe), in plants; therefore, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (NAS) genes, which control NA synthesis, are tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of NAS genes require further investigations. In this study, we determined the role of bZIP44 in mediating plant response to Fe deficiency stress by conducting transformation experiments and assays. bZIP44 positively regulated the response of Arabidopsis to Fe deficiency stress by interacting with MYB10 and MYB72 to enhance their abilities to bind at NAS2 and NAS4 promoters, thereby increasing NAS2 and NAS4 transcriptional levels and promote NA synthesis. In summary, the transcription activities of bZIP44, MYB10, and MYB72 were induced in response to Fe deficiency stress, which enhanced the interaction between bZIP44 and MYB10 or MYB72 proteins, synergistically activated the transcriptional activity of NAS2 and NAS4, promoted NA synthesis, and improved Fe transport, thereby enhancing plant tolerance to Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yafeng Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jiena Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Anhui Society for Horticultural Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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10
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Huang PK, Schmitt J, Runcie DE. Exploring the molecular regulation of vernalization-induced flowering synchrony in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38509854 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Many plant populations exhibit synchronous flowering, which can be advantageous in plant reproduction. However, molecular mechanisms underlying flowering synchrony remain poorly understood. We studied the role of known vernalization-response and flower-promoting pathways in facilitating synchronized flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the vernalization-responsive Col-FRI genotype, we experimentally varied germination dates and daylength among individuals to test flowering synchrony in field and controlled environments. We assessed the activity of flowering regulation pathways by measuring gene expression across leaves produced at different time points during development and through a mutant analysis. We observed flowering synchrony across germination cohorts in both environments and discovered a previously unknown process where flower-promoting and repressing signals are differentially regulated between leaves that developed under different environmental conditions. We hypothesized this mechanism may underlie synchronization. However, our experiments demonstrated that signals originating from sources other than leaves must also play a pivotal role in synchronizing flowering time, especially in germination cohorts with prolonged growth before vernalization. Our results suggest flowering synchrony is promoted by a plant-wide integration of flowering signals across leaves and among organs. To summarize our findings, we propose a new conceptual model of vernalization-induced flowering synchrony and provide suggestions for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Johanna Schmitt
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniel E Runcie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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11
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Kalachova T, Jindřichová B, Pospíchalová R, Fujera J, Artemenko A, Jančík J, Antonova A, Kylián O, Prukner V, Burketová L, Šimek M, Homola T. Plasma Treatment Modifies Element Distribution in Seed Coating and Affects Further Germination and Plant Growth through Interaction with Soil Microbiome. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5609-5624. [PMID: 38467054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of plasma-seed interaction on germination and early plant development, focusing on Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. The investigation delves into changes in chemical composition, water absorption, and surface morphology induced by plasma filaments generated in synthetic air. These analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Although plasma treatment enhanced water absorption and modified surface chemistry, its impact on germination demonstrated species- and context-dependent variations. Notably, the accelerated germination and morphogenesis of seedlings in microbiome-enriched (MB+) soil could be achieved also in microbiome-deprived (MB-) soil by short-term plasma treatment of seeds. Remarkably, the positive effects of plasma treatment on early developmental events (germination, morphogenesis) and later events (formation of inflorescences) were more pronounced in the context of MB- soil but were accompanied by a slight decrease in disease resistance, which was not detected in MB+ soil. The results underscore the intricate dynamics of plasma-plant interactions and stress the significance of accounting for the soil microbiome while designing experiments with potential field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Kalachova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 00 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jindřichová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 00 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Pospíchalová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 00 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fujera
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, U Slovanky 2525/1a, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Artemenko
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jančík
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 00 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Anzhela Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 00 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Kylián
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Prukner
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, U Slovanky 2525/1a, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Burketová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 00 Prague 6, Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Šimek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, U Slovanky 2525/1a, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Homola
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, U Slovanky 2525/1a, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
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12
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Guo M, Yao Y, Yin K, Tan L, Liu M, Hou J, Zhang H, Liang R, Zhang X, Yang H, Chen X, Tan J, Song Y, Lou S, Chen L, Liu X, Tang S, Hu Y, Yan J, Fu W, Yang K, Zhang R, Li X, Liu Y, Yan Z, Liu W, Han Y, Liu J, Mao K, Liu H. ACBP4-WRKY70-RAP2.12 module positively regulates submergence-induced hypoxia response in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Integr Plant Biol 2024. [PMID: 38501444 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
ACYL-CoA-BINDING PROTEINs (ACBPs) play crucial regulatory roles during plant response to hypoxia, but their molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study reveals that ACBP4 serves as a positive regulator of the plant hypoxia response by interacting with WRKY70, influencing its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, we demonstrate the direct binding of WRKY70 to the ACBP4 promoter, resulting in its upregulation and suggesting a positive feedback loop. Additionally, we pinpointed a phosphorylation site at Ser638 of ACBP4, which enhances submergence tolerance, potentially by facilitating WRKY70's nuclear shuttling. Surprisingly, a natural variation in this phosphorylation site of ACBP4 allowed A. thaliana to adapt to humid conditions during its historical demographic expansion. We further observed that both phosphorylated ACBP4 and oleoyl-CoA can impede the interaction between ACBP4 and WRKY70, thus promoting WRKY70's nuclear translocation. Finally, we found that the overexpression of orthologous BnaC5.ACBP4 and BnaA7.WRKY70 in Brassica napus increases submergence tolerance, indicating their functional similarity across genera. In summary, our research not only sheds light on the functional significance of the ACBP4 gene in hypoxia response, but also underscores its potential utility in breeding flooding-tolerant oilseed rape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yingjun Yao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kangqun Yin
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Luna Tan
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ruyun Liang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jinrui Tan
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shangling Lou
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liyang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Si Tang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yongqi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wensen Fu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kangshan Mao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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13
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Chien CC, Chang CH, Ting HM. A novel lectin receptor kinase gene, AtG-LecRK-I.2, enhances bacterial pathogen resistance through regulation of stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2024; 343:112071. [PMID: 38508495 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The S-locus lectin receptor kinases (G-LecRKs) have been suggested as receptors for microbe/damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) and to be involved in the pathogen defense responses, but the functions of most G-LecRKs in biotic stress response have not been characterized. Here, we identified a member of this family, G-LecRK-I.2, that positively regulates flg22- and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000-induced stomatal closure. G-LecRK-I.2 was rapidly phosphorylated under flg22 treatment and could interact with the FLS2/BAK1 complex. Two T-DNA insertion lines, glecrk-i.2-1 and glecrk-i.2-2, had lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, as compared with the wild-type Col-0, under Pst DC3000 infection. Also, the immunity marker genes CBP60g and PR1 were induced at lower levels under Pst DC3000 hrcC- infection in glecrk-i.2-1 and glecrk-i.2-2. The GUS reporter system also revealed that G-LecRK-I.2 was expressed only in guard cells. We also found that G-LecRK-I.2 could interact H+-ATPase AHA1 to regulate H+-ATPase activity in the guard cells. Taken together, our results show that G-LecRK-I.2 plays an important role in regulating stomatal closure under flg22 and Pst DC3000 treatments and in ROS and NO signaling specifically in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chien
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan, University, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Hsin Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hieng-Ming Ting
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Závodník M, Pavlištová V, Machelová A, Lyčka M, Mozgová I, Caklová K, Dvořáčková M, Fajkus J. KU70 and CAF-1 in Arabidopsis: Divergent roles in rDNA stability and telomere homeostasis. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38493352 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Deficiency in chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) in plants through dysfunction of its components, FASCIATA1 and 2 (FAS1, FAS2), leads to the specific and progressive loss of rDNA and telomere repeats in plants. This loss is attributed to defective repair mechanisms for the increased DNA breaks encountered during replication, a consequence of impaired replication-dependent chromatin assembly. In this study, we explore the role of KU70 in these processes. Our findings reveal that, although the rDNA copy number is reduced in ku70 mutants when compared with wild-type plants, it is not markedly affected by diverse KU70 status in fas1 mutants. This is consistent with our previous characterisation of rDNA loss in fas mutants as a consequence part of the single-strand annealing pathway of homology-dependent repair. In stark contrast to rDNA, KU70 dysfunction fully suppresses the loss of telomeres in fas1 plants and converts telomeres to their elongated and heterogeneous state typical for ku70 plants. We conclude that the alternative telomere lengthening pathway, known to be activated in the absence of KU70, overrides progressive telomere loss due to CAF-1 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Závodník
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pavlištová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Machelová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lyčka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Mozgová
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Caklová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dvořáčková
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ-61137, Czech Republic
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15
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Havshøi NW, Nielsen J, Fuglsang AT. The mechanism behind tenuazonic acid-mediated inhibition of plant plasma membrane H +-ATPase and plant growth. J Biol Chem 2024:107167. [PMID: 38490436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Increasing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to a search for new herbicides that target plant growth processes differing from those targeted by current herbicides. In recent years, some studies have explored the use of natural compounds from microorganisms as potential new herbicides. We previously demonstrated that tenuazonic acid (TeA) from the phytopathogenic fungus Stemphylium loti inhibits the plant plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, representing a new target for herbicides. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism by which TeA inhibits PM H+-ATPase and the effect of the toxin on plant growth using Arabidopsis thaliana. We also studied the biochemical effects of TeA on the PM H+-ATPases from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and A. thaliana (AHA2) by examining PM H+-ATPase activity under different conditions and in different mutants. Treatment with 200 μM TeA induced cell necrosis in larger plants, and treatment with 10 μM TeA almost completely inhibited cell elongation and root growth in seedlings. We show that the isoleucine backbone of TeA is essential for inhibiting the ATPase activity of the PM H+-ATPase. Additionally, this inhibition depends on the C-terminal domain of AHA2, and TeA binding to PM H+-ATPase requires the Regulatory Region I of the C-terminal domain in AHA2. TeA likely has a higher binding affinity towards PM H+-ATPase than the phytotoxin fusicoccin. Finally, our findings show that TeA retains the H+-ATPase in an inhibited state, suggesting that it could act as a lead compound for creating new herbicides targeting the PM H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Weise Havshøi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen
| | - John Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen
| | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen.
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16
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Huang H, Wang Y, Yang P, Zhao H, Jenks MA, Lü S, Yang X. The Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP96A4 is involved in the wound-induced biosynthesis of cuticular wax and cutin monomers. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38456566 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is composed of cuticular wax and cutin polymers and plays an essential role in plant tolerance to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Several stresses, including water deficit and salinity, regulate the synthesis of cuticular wax and cutin monomers. However, the effect of wounding on wax and cutin monomer production and the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the accumulation of wax and cutin monomers in Arabidopsis leaves is positively regulated by wounding primarily through the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Moreover, we observed that a wound- and JA-responsive gene (CYP96A4) encoding an ER-localized cytochrome P450 enzyme was highly expressed in leaves. Further analyses indicated that wound-induced wax and cutin monomer production was severely inhibited in the cyp96a4 mutant. Furthermore, CYP96A4 interacted with CER1 and CER3, the core enzymes in the alkane-forming pathway associated with wax biosynthesis, and modulated CER3 activity to influence aldehyde production in wax synthesis. In addition, transcripts of MYC2 and JAZ1, key genes in JA signaling pathway, were significantly reduced in cyp96a4 mutant. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CYP96A4 functions as a cofactor of the alkane synthesis complex or participates in JA signaling pathway that contributes to cuticular wax biosynthesis and cutin monomer formation in response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huayan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Matthew A Jenks
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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17
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Zhang B, Deneer A, Fleck C, Hülskamp M. Quantitative analysis of MBW complex formation in the context of trichome patterning. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1331156. [PMID: 38504903 PMCID: PMC10948613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Trichome patterning in Arabidopsis is regulated by R2R3MYB, bHLH and WDR (MBW) genes. These are considered to form a trimeric MBW protein complex that promotes trichome formation. The MBW proteins are engaged in a regulatory network to select trichome cells among epidermal cells through R3MYB proteins that can move between cells and repress the MBW complex by competitive binding with the R2R3MYB to the bHLHL protein. We use quantitative pull-down assays to determine the relative dissociation constants for the protein-protein interactions of the involved genes. We find similar binding strength between the trichome promoting genes and weaker binding of the R3MYB inhibitors. We used the dissociation constants to calculate the relative percentage of all possible complex combinations and found surprisingly low fractions of those complexes that are typically considered to be relevant for the regulation events. Finally, we predict an increased robustness in patterning as a consequence of higher ordered complexes mediated by GL3 dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Flowers and Landscape Plants of Guangdong Higher Education Institutions/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ZhongKai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anna Deneer
- Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Fleck
- Spatial Systems Biology Group, Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Singh D, Dwivedi S, Sinha H, Singh N, Trivedi PK. Mutation in shoot-to-root mobile transcription factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, leads to low nicotine levels in tobacco. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133255. [PMID: 38103287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco remains one of the most commercially important crops due to the parasympathomimetic alkaloid nicotine used in cigarettes. Most genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis are expressed in root tissues; however, their light-dependent regulation has not been studied. Here, we identified the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, NtHY5, from Nicotiana tabacum and demonstrated that NtHY5 could complement the Arabidopsis thaliana hy5 mutant at molecular, morphological and biochemical levels. We report the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants of tobacco, NtHY5CR, and show down-regulation of the nicotine and phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to a significant reduction in nicotine and flavonol content, whereas NtHY5 overexpression (NtHY5OX) plants show the opposite effect. Grafting experiments using wild-type, NtHY5CR, and NtHY5OX indicated that NtHY5 moves from shoot-to-root to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in the root tissue. Shoot HY5, directly or through enhancing expression of the root HY5, promotes nicotine biosynthesis by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the NtPMT, NtQPT and NtODC promoters. We conclude that the mobility of HY5 from shoot-to-root regulates light-dependent nicotine biosynthesis. The CRISPR/Cas9-based mutants developed, in this study; with low nicotine accumulation in leaves could help people to overcome their nicotine addiction and the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shambhavi Dwivedi
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Hiteshwari Sinha
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.
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19
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Omata Y, Sato R, Mishiro-Sato E, Kano K, Ueda H, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimada TL. Lipid droplets in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves contain myosin-binding proteins and enzymes associated with furan-containing fatty acid biosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1331479. [PMID: 38495375 PMCID: PMC10940516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid storage organelles in plant leaves and seeds. Seed LD proteins are well known, and their functions in lipid metabolism have been characterized; however, many leaf LD proteins remain to be identified. We therefore isolated LDs from leaves of the leaf LD-overaccumulating mutant high sterol ester 1 (hise1) of Arabidopsis thaliana by centrifugation or co-immunoprecipitation. We then performed LD proteomics by mass spectrometry and identified 3,206 candidate leaf LD proteins. In this study, we selected 31 candidate proteins for transient expression assays using a construct encoding the candidate protein fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fluorescence microscopy showed that MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN14 (MYOB14) and two uncharacterized proteins localized to LDs labeled with the LD marker. Subcellular localization analysis of MYOB family members revealed that MYOB1, MYOB2, MYOB3, and MYOB5 localized to LDs. LDs moved along actin filaments together with the endoplasmic reticulum. Co-immunoprecipitation of myosin XIK with MYOB2-GFP or MYOB14-GFP suggested that LD-localized MYOBs are involved in association with the myosin XIK-LDs. The two uncharacterized proteins were highly similar to enzymes for furan fatty acid biosynthesis in the photosynthetic bacterium Cereibacter sphaeroides, suggesting a relationship between LDs and furan fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings thus reveal potential molecular functions of LDs and provide a valuable resource for further studies of the leaf LD proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Omata
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Reina Sato
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kano
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Takashi L. Shimada
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
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20
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Chung YH, Chen TC, Yang WJ, Chen SZ, Chang JM, Hsieh WY, Hsieh MH. Ectopic expression of a bacterial thiamin monophosphate kinase enhances vitamin B1 biosynthesis in plants. Plant J 2024; 117:1330-1343. [PMID: 37996996 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants and bacteria have distinct pathways to synthesize the bioactive vitamin B1 thiamin diphosphate (TDP). In plants, thiamin monophosphate (TMP) synthesized in the TDP biosynthetic pathway is first converted to thiamin by a phosphatase, which is then pyrophosphorylated to TDP. In contrast, bacteria use a TMP kinase encoded by ThiL to phosphorylate TMP to TDP directly. The Arabidopsis THIAMIN REQUIRING2 (TH2)-encoded phosphatase is involved in TDP biosynthesis. The chlorotic th2 mutants have high TMP and low thiamin and TDP. Ectopic expression of Escherichia coli ThiL and ThiL-GFP rescued the th2-3 mutant, suggesting that the bacterial TMP kinase could directly convert TMP into TDP in Arabidopsis. These results provide direct evidence that the chlorotic phenotype of th2-3 is caused by TDP rather than thiamin deficiency. Transgenic Arabidopsis harboring engineered ThiL-GFP targeting to the cytosol, chloroplast, mitochondrion, or nucleus accumulated higher TDP than the wild type (WT). Ectopic expression of E. coli ThiL driven by the UBIQUITIN (UBI) promoter or an endosperm-specific GLUTELIN1 (GT1) promoter also enhanced TDP biosynthesis in rice. The pUBI:ThiL transgenic rice accumulated more TDP and total vitamin B1 in the leaves, and the pGT1:ThiL transgenic lines had higher TDP and total vitamin B1 in the seeds than the WT. Total vitamin B1 only increased by approximately 25-30% in the polished and unpolished seeds of the pGT1:ThiL transgenic rice compared to the WT. Nevertheless, these results suggest that genetic engineering of a bacterial vitamin B1 biosynthetic gene downstream of TMP can enhance vitamin B1 production in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ju Yang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Ziet Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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21
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Ma J, Lu C, Bai L, Zhang J, Shen Y. Phytotoxic phenols from the needles of Cedrus deodara. Phytochemistry 2024; 219:113977. [PMID: 38215813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
During the course of screening for anti-seed germination phytochemicals, the methanol fraction of the Cedrus deodara fresh needles showed potent activity. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of thirty-eight phenolic compounds. Four ones were identified as previously undescribed including (7S,8S)-3-methoxy-9'-acetoxy-3',7-epoxy-8,4'-oxyneoligna-4,9-diol (7), (7S,8R)-dihydro-3'-hydroxy-8-acetoxymethyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1'-benzofuranpropanol (10), (8S)-4,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolignan (11) and (7S,8S)-4,7,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-9-acetoxy-8,4'-oxyneolignan (16), respectively. The potential phytotoxic effects of these compounds on the seed germination and root elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana were evaluated by the filter paper assay developed in our laboratory. Bioassay results indicated that caffeic acid (36) displayed most significant inhibitory activities against the seed germination and root elongation of A. thaliana, stronger than those of the commercial herbicides acetochlor and glyphosate at the same concentration of 200 μg/mL. Ditetrahydrofuran lignan (1), dihydrochalcone (25), and eight simple phenols (28, 29, 31, 33-35, 37 and 38) completely inhibited the seed germination of A. thaliana at the concentration of 400 μg/mL, which were as active as acetochlor. Dihydroflavone (21) and the simple phenols 32-34 displayed stronger inhibitory effects on the root elongation of A. thaliana than that of glyphosate. The inhibitory effects of these active compounds on the seed germination and root elongation of Amaranthus tricolor and Lactuca sativa were evaluated as well. The phytotoxic activity of 11, 16, 22, 25, 31, 34, 37 and 38 were detected for the first time. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of the same class of these phytochemicals were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Luyao Bai
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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22
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Robuschi L, Mariani O, Perk EA, Cerrudo I, Villarreal F, Laxalt AM. Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C 2 is required for Botrytis cinerea proliferation. Plant Sci 2024; 340:111971. [PMID: 38160760 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) plays a key role in lipid signaling during plant development and stress responses. PLC activation is one of the earliest responses during pathogen perception. Arabidopsis thaliana contains seven PLC encoding genes (AtPLC1 to AtPLC7) and two pseudogenes (AtPLC8 and AtPLC9), being AtPLC2 the most abundant isoform with constitutive expression in all plant organs. PLC has been linked to plant defense signaling, in particular to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previously, we demonstrated that AtPLC2 is involved in ROS production via the NADPH oxidase isoforms RBOHD activation during stomata plant immunity. Here we studied the role of AtPLC2 on plant resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, a broad host-range and serious agricultural pathogen. We show that the AtPLC2-silenced (amiR PLC2) or null mutant (plc2-1) plants developed smaller B. cinerea lesions. Moreover, plc2-1 showed less ROS production and an intensified SA-dependent signaling upon infection, indicating that B. cinerea uses AtPLC2-triggered responses for a successful proliferation. Therefore, AtPLC2 is a susceptibility (S) gene that facilitates B. cinerea infection and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Robuschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Oriana Mariani
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Enzo A Perk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cerrudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando Villarreal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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23
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Hughes CL, An Y, Maloof JN, Harmer SL. Light quality-dependent roles of REVEILLE proteins in the circadian system. Plant Direct 2024; 8:e573. [PMID: 38481435 PMCID: PMC10936234 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Several closely related Myb-like activator proteins are known to have partially redundant functions within the plant circadian clock, but their specific roles are not well understood. To clarify the function of the REVEILLE 4, REVEILLE 6, and REVEILLE 8 transcriptional activators, we characterized the growth and clock phenotypes of CRISPR-Cas9-generated single, double, and triple rve mutants. We found that these genes act synergistically to regulate flowering time, redundantly to regulate leaf growth, and antagonistically to regulate hypocotyl elongation. We previously reported that increasing intensities of monochromatic blue and red light have opposite effects on the period of triple rve468 mutants. Here, we further examined light quality-specific phenotypes of rve mutants and report that rve468 mutants lack the blue light-specific increase in expression of some circadian clock genes observed in wild type. To investigate the basis of these blue light-specific circadian phenotypes, we examined RVE protein abundances and degradation rates in blue and red light and found no significant differences between these conditions. We next examined genetic interactions between RVE genes and ZEITLUPE and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5, two factors with blue light-specific functions in the clock. We found that the RVEs interact additively with both ZEITLUPE and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 to regulate circadian period, which suggests that neither of these factors are required for the blue light-specific differences that we observed. Overall, our results suggest that the RVEs have separable functions in plant growth and circadian regulation and that they are involved in blue light-specific circadian signaling via a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Hughes
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Julin N. Maloof
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stacey L. Harmer
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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24
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Balfagón D, Pascual LS, Sengupta S, Halliday KJ, Gómez-Cadenas A, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Sinha R, Mittler R, Zandalinas SI. WRKY48 negatively regulates plant acclimation to a combination of high light and heat stress. Plant J 2024; 117:1642-1655. [PMID: 38315509 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants growing under natural conditions experience high light (HL) intensities that are often accompanied by elevated temperatures. These conditions could affect photosynthesis, reduce yield, and negatively impact agricultural productivity. The combination of different abiotic challenges creates a new type of stress for plants by generating complex environmental conditions that often exceed the impact of their individual parts. Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in integrating the different molecular signals generated by multiple stress conditions, orchestrating the acclimation response of plants to stress. In this study, we show that the TF WRKY48 negatively controls the acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to a combination of HL and heat stress (HL + HS), and its expression is attenuated by jasmonic acid under HL + HS conditions. Using comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses between wild-type and wrky48 mutants, we further demonstrate that under control conditions, WRKY48 represses the expression of a set of transcripts that are specifically required for the acclimation of plants to HL + HS, hence its suppression during the HL + HS stress combination contributes to plant survival under these conditions. Accordingly, mutants that lack WRKY48 are more resistant to HL + HS, and transgenic plants that overexpress WRKY48 are more sensitive to it. Taken together, our findings reveal that WRKY48 is a negative regulator of the transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis to HL + HS and provide new insights into the complex regulatory networks of plant acclimation to stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Balfagón
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 3H9 3BF, UK
| | - Lidia S Pascual
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Soham Sengupta
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Karen J Halliday
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 3H9 3BF, UK
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Peláez-Vico
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
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25
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Yang L, Qiao X, He HE, Yi WW, Gao YN, Tan XM, Cheng H, Hou XF, Ma YY, Wang HL, Huang X, Ma YQ, Xu ZQ. IiAGL6 participates in the regulation of stamen development and pollen formation in Isatis indigotica. Plant Sci 2024; 340:111974. [PMID: 38199385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The AGL6 (AGMOUSE LIKE 6) gene is a member of the SEP subfamily and functions as an E-class floral homeotic gene in the development of floral organs. In this study, we cloned IiAGL6, the orthologous gene of AGL6 in Isatis indigotica. The constitutive expression of IiAGL6 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a late-flowering phenotype and the development of curly leaves during the vegetative growth period. Abnormal changes in floral organ development were observed during the reproductive stage. In woad plants, suppression of IiAGL6 using TRV-VIGS (tobacco rattle virus-mediated virus-induced gene silencing) decreased the number of stamens and led to the formation of aberrant anthers. Similar changes in stamen development were also observed in miRNA-AGL6 transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC tests showed that IiAGL6 can interact with other MADS-box proteins in woad; thus, playing a key role in defining the identities of floral organs, particularly during stamen formation. These findings might provide novel insights and help investigate the biological roles of MADS transcription factors in I. indigotica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-En He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Tan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Ye Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Qin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Kamoen L, Kralemann LEM, van Schendel R, van Tol N, Hooykaas PJJ, de Pater S, Tijsterman M. Genetic dissection of mutagenic repair and T-DNA capture at CRISPR-induced DNA breaks in Arabidopsis thaliana. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae094. [PMID: 38463035 PMCID: PMC10923293 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A practical and powerful approach for genome editing in plants is delivery of CRISPR reagents via Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation. The double-strand break (DSB)-inducing enzyme is expressed from a transferred segment of bacterial DNA, the T-DNA, which upon transformation integrates at random locations into the host genome or is captured at the self-inflicted DSB site. To develop efficient strategies for precise genome editing, it is thus important to define the mechanisms that repair CRISPR-induced DSBs, as well as those that govern random and targeted integration of T-DNA. In this study, we present a detailed and comprehensive genetic analysis of Cas9-induced DSB repair and T-DNA capture in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that classical nonhomologous end joining (cNHEJ) and polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) are both, and in part redundantly, acting on CRISPR-induced DSBs to produce very different mutational outcomes. We used newly developed CISGUIDE technology to establish that 8% of mutant alleles have captured T-DNA at the induced break site. In addition, we find T-DNA shards within genomic DSB repair sites indicative of frequent temporary interactions during TMEJ. Analysis of thousands of plant genome-T-DNA junctions, followed up by genetic dissection, further reveals that TMEJ is responsible for attaching the 3' end of T-DNA to a CRISPR-induced DSB, while the 5' end can be attached via TMEJ as well as cNHEJ. By identifying the mechanisms that act to connect recombinogenic ends of DNA molecules at chromosomal breaks, and quantifying their contributions, our study supports the development of tailor-made strategies toward predictable engineering of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lycka Kamoen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Lejon E M Kralemann
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Schendel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Tol
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J J Hooykaas
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia de Pater
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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Hembach L, Niemeyer PW, Schmitt K, Zegers JMS, Scholz P, Brandt D, Dabisch JJ, Valerius O, Braus GH, Schwarzländer M, de Vries J, Rensing SA, Ischebeck T. Proteome plasticity during Physcomitrium patens spore germination - from the desiccated phase to heterotrophic growth and reconstitution of photoautotrophy. Plant J 2024; 117:1466-1486. [PMID: 38059656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of moss spores is considered a milestone in plant evolution. They harbor protein networks underpinning desiccation tolerance and accumulation of storage compounds that can be found already in algae and that are also utilized in seeds and pollen. Furthermore, germinating spores must produce proteins that drive the transition through heterotrophic growth to the autotrophic plant. To get insight into the plasticity of this proteome, we investigated it at five timepoints of moss (Physcomitrium patens) spore germination and in protonemata and gametophores. The comparison to previously published Arabidopsis proteome data of seedling establishment showed that not only the proteomes of spores and seeds are functionally related, but also the proteomes of germinating spores and young seedlings. We observed similarities with regard to desiccation tolerance, lipid droplet proteome composition, control of dormancy, and β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. However, there were also striking differences. For example, spores lacked any obvious storage proteins. Furthermore, we did not detect homologs to the main triacylglycerol lipase in Arabidopsis seeds, SUGAR DEPENDENT1. Instead, we discovered a triacylglycerol lipase of the oil body lipase family and a lipoxygenase as being the overall most abundant proteins in spores. This finding indicates an alternative pathway for triacylglycerol degradation via oxylipin intermediates in the moss. The comparison of spores to Nicotiana tabacum pollen indicated similarities for example in regards to resistance to desiccation and hypoxia, but the overall developmental pattern did not align as in the case of seedling establishment and spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hembach
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp W Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaccoline M S Zegers
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dennis Brandt
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Janis J Dabisch
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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DeLoose M, Cho H, Bouain N, Choi I, Prom-U-Thai C, Shahzad Z, Zheng L, Rouached H. PDR9 allelic variation and MYB63 modulate nutrient-dependent coumarin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2024; 117:1716-1727. [PMID: 38361338 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots release phytochemicals into the soil environment to influence nutrient availability and uptake. Arabidopsis thaliana roots release phenylpropanoid coumarins in response to iron (Fe) deficiency, likely to enhance Fe uptake and improve plant health. This response requires sufficient phosphorus (P) in the root environment. Nonetheless, the regulatory interplay influencing coumarin production under varying availabilities of Fe and P is not known. Through genome-wide association studies, we have pinpointed the influence of the ABC transporter G family member, PDR9, on coumarin accumulation and trafficking (homeostasis) under combined Fe and P deficiency. We show that genetic variation in the promoter of PDR9 regulates its expression in a manner associated with coumarin production. Furthermore, we find that MYB63 transcription factor controls dedicated coumarin production by regulating both COUMARIN SYNTHASE (COSY) and FERULOYL-CoA 6'-HYDROXYLASE 1 (F6'H1) expression while orchestrating secretion through PDR9 genes under Fe and P combined deficiency. This integrated approach illuminates the intricate connections between nutrient signaling pathways in coumarin response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan DeLoose
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Huikyong Cho
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Nadia Bouain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48823, USA
| | - Ilyeong Choi
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | | | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Department of Life Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Hatem Rouached
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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29
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Yang P, Yuan P, Liu W, Zhao Z, Bernier MC, Zhang C, Adhikari A, Opiyo SO, Zhao L, Banks F, Xia Y. Plant Growth Promotion and Plant Disease Suppression Induced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain GD4a. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:672. [PMID: 38475518 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea, the causative agent of gray mold disease (GMD), invades plants to obtain nutrients and disseminates through airborne conidia in nature. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GD4a, a beneficial bacterium isolated from switchgrass, shows great potential in managing GMD in plants. However, the precise mechanism by which GD4a confers benefits to plants remains elusive. In this study, an A. thaliana-B. cinerea-B. amyloliquefaciens multiple-scale interaction model was used to explore how beneficial bacteria play essential roles in plant growth promotion, plant pathogen suppression, and plant immunity boosting. Arabidopsis Col-0 wild-type plants served as the testing ground to assess GD4a's efficacy. Additionally, bacterial enzyme activity and targeted metabolite tests were conducted to validate GD4a's potential for enhancing plant growth and suppressing plant pathogens and diseases. GD4a was subjected to co-incubation with various bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens to evaluate its antagonistic effectiveness in vitro. In vivo pathogen inoculation assays were also carried out to investigate GD4a's role in regulating host plant immunity. Bacterial extracellular exudate (BEE) was extracted, purified, and subjected to untargeted metabolomics analysis. Benzocaine (BEN) from the untargeted metabolomics analysis was selected for further study of its function and related mechanisms in enhancing plant immunity through plant mutant analysis and qRT-PCR analysis. Finally, a comprehensive model was formulated to summarize the potential benefits of applying GD4a in agricultural systems. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of GD4a, isolated from switchgrass, in enhancing plant growth, suppressing plant pathogens and diseases, and bolstering host plant immunity. Importantly, GD4a produces a functional bacterial extracellular exudate (BEE) that significantly disrupts the pathogenicity of B. cinerea by inhibiting fungal conidium germination and hypha formation. Additionally, our study identifies benzocaine (BEN) as a novel small molecule that triggers basal defense, ISR, and SAR responses in Arabidopsis plants. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GD4a can effectively promote plant growth, suppress plant disease, and boost plant immunity through functional BEE production and diverse gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pu Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew C Bernier
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
| | - Ashna Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephen Obol Opiyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fredrekis Banks
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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30
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Niu F, Cui X, Yang B, Wang R, Zhao P, Zhao X, Zhang H, Fan X, Li Y, Deyholos MK, Jiang YQ. WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root potassium acquisition through promoting expression of AKT1 in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38418388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K+ ), being an essential macronutrient in plants, plays a central role in many aspects. Root growth is highly plastic and is affected by many different abiotic stresses including nutrient deficiency. The Shaker-type K+ channel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) is responsible for K+ uptake under both low and high external K+ conditions. However, the upstream transcription factor of AKT1 is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that the WRKY6 transcription factor modulates root growth to low potassium (LK) stress in Arabidopsis. WRKY6 showed a quick response to LK stress and also to many other abiotic stress treatments. The two wrky6 T-DNA insertion mutants were highly sensitive to LK treatment, whose primary root lengths were much shorter, less biomass and lower K+ content in roots than those of wild-type plants, while WRKY6-overexpression lines showed opposite phenotypes. A further investigation showed that WRKY6 regulated the expression of the AKT1 gene via directly binding to the W-box elements in its promoter through EMSA and ChIP-qPCR assays. A dual luciferase reporter analysis further demonstrated that WRKY6 enhanced the transcription of AKT1. Genetic analysis further revealed that the overexpression of AKT1 greatly rescued the short root phenotype of the wrky6 mutant under LK stress, suggesting AKT1 is epistatic to WRKY6 in the control of LK response. Further transcriptome profiling suggested that WRKY6 modulates LK response through a complex regulatory network. Thus, this study unveils a transcription factor that modulates root growth under potassium deficiency conditions by affecting the potassium channel gene AKT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Rahman A, Yadav NS, Byeon B, Ilnytskyy Y, Kovalchuk I. Genomic and Epigenomic Changes in the Progeny of Cold-Stressed Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2795. [PMID: 38474042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to various environmental stresses. Because they can not escape stress, they have to develop mechanisms of remembering stress exposures somatically and passing it to the progeny. We studied the Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia plants exposed to cold stress for 25 continuous generations. Our study revealed that multigenerational exposure to cold stress resulted in the changes in the genome and epigenome (DNA methylation) across generations. Main changes in the progeny were due to the high frequency of genetic mutations rather than epigenetic changes; the difference was primarily in single nucleotide substitutions and deletions. The progeny of cold-stressed plants exhibited the higher rate of missense non-synonymous mutations as compared to the progeny of control plants. At the same time, epigenetic changes were more common in the CHG (C = cytosine, H = cytosine, adenine or thymine, G = guanine) and CHH contexts and favored hypomethylation. There was an increase in the frequency of C to T (thymine) transitions at the CHH positions in the progeny of cold stressed plants; because this type of mutations is often due to the deamination of the methylated cytosines, it can be hypothesized that environment-induced changes in methylation contribute to mutagenesis and may be to microevolution processes and that RNA-dependent DNA methylation plays a crucial role. Our work supports the existence of heritable stress response in plants and demonstrates that genetic changes prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Narendra Singh Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Boseon Byeon
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, Computer Science Department, State University of New York, 2 S Clinton St, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Yaroslav Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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32
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Favre P, van Schaik E, Schorderet M, Yerly F, Reinhardt D. Regulation of tissue growth in plants - A mathematical modeling study on shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1285655. [PMID: 38486850 PMCID: PMC10938469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1285655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant growth is a plastic phenomenon controlled both by endogenous genetic programs and by environmental cues. The embryonic stem, the hypocotyl, is an ideal model system for the quantitative study of growth due to its relatively simple geometry and cellular organization, and to its essentially unidirectional growth pattern. The hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana has been studied particularly well at the molecular-genetic level and at the cellular level, and it is the model of choice for analysis of the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), a growth reaction that allows plants to compete with neighboring plants for light. During SAS, hypocotyl growth is controlled primarily by the growth hormone auxin, which stimulates cell expansion without the involvement of cell division. Methods We assessed hypocotyl growth at cellular resolution in Arabidopsis mutants defective in auxin transport and biosynthesis and we designed a mathematical auxin transport model based on known polar and non-polar auxin transporters (ABCB1, ABCB19, and PINs) and on factors that control auxin homeostasis in the hypocotyl. In addition, we introduced into the model biophysical properties of the cell types based on precise cell wall measurements. Results and Discussion Our model can generate the observed cellular growth patterns based on auxin distribution along the hypocotyl resulting from production in the cotyledons, transport along the hypocotyl, and general turnover of auxin. These principles, which resemble the features of mathematical models of animal morphogen gradients, allow to generate robust shallow auxin gradients as they are expected to exist in tissues that exhibit quantitative auxin-driven tissue growth, as opposed to the sharp auxin maxima generated by patterning mechanisms in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Favre
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Evert van Schaik
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Florence Yerly
- Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture Fribourg, Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES-SO), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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33
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Oberhofer G, Johnson ML, Ivy T, Antoshechkin I, Hay BA. Cleave and Rescue gamete killers create conditions for gene drive in plants. bioRxiv 2024:2023.10.13.562303. [PMID: 37873352 PMCID: PMC10592828 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene drive elements promote the spread of linked traits, even when their presence confers a fitness cost to carriers, and can be used to change the composition or fate of wild populations. Cleave and Rescue (ClvR) drive elements sit at a fixed chromosomal position and include a DNA sequence-modifying enzyme such as Cas9/gRNAs (the Cleaver/Toxin) that disrupts endogenous versions of an essential gene, and a recoded version of the essential gene resistant to cleavage (the Rescue/Antidote). ClvR spreads by creating conditions in which those lacking ClvR die because they lack functional versions of the essential gene. We demonstrate the essential features of ClvR gene drive in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana through killing of gametes that fail to inherit a ClvR that targets the essential gene YKT61, whose expression is required in male and female gametes for their survival. Resistant (uncleavable but functional) alleles, which can slow or prevent drive, were not observed. Modeling shows plant ClvRs are likely to be robust to certain failure modes and can be used to rapidly drive population modification or suppression. Possible applications in plant breeding, weed control, and conservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oberhofer
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Michelle L. Johnson
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Tobin Ivy
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Igor Antoshechkin
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Bruce A. Hay
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
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Hong C, Lee HG, Shim S, Park OS, Kim JH, Lee K, Oh E, Kim J, Jung YJ, Seo PJ. Histone modification-dependent production of peptide hormones facilitates acquisition of pluripotency during leaf-to-callus transition in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38406998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chromatin configuration is critical for establishing tissue identity and changes substantially during tissue identity transitions. The crucial scientific and agricultural technology of in vitro tissue culture exploits callus formation from diverse tissue explants and tissue regeneration via de novo organogenesis. We investigated the dynamic changes in H3ac and H3K4me3 histone modifications during leaf-to-callus transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyzed changes in the global distribution of H3ac and H3K4me3 during the leaf-to-callus transition, focusing on transcriptionally active regions in calli relative to leaf explants, defined by increased accumulation of both H3ac and H3K4me3. Peptide signaling was particularly activated during callus formation; the peptide hormones RGF3, RGF8, PIP1 and PIPL3 were upregulated, promoting callus proliferation and conferring competence for de novo shoot organogenesis. The corresponding peptide receptors were also implicated in peptide-regulated callus proliferation and regeneration capacity. The effect of peptide hormones in plant regeneration is likely at least partly conserved in crop plants. Our results indicate that chromatin-dependent regulation of peptide hormone production not only stimulates callus proliferation but also establishes pluripotency, improving the overall efficiency of two-step regeneration in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheljong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sangrea Shim
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Ok-Sun Park
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Korea
| | - Kyounghee Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Kralemann LEM, van Tol N, Hooykaas PJJ, Tijsterman M. Molecular analysis of the role of polymerase theta in gene targeting in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38402589 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Precise genetic modification can be achieved via a sequence homology-mediated process known as gene targeting (GT). Whilst established for genome engineering purposes, the application of GT in plants still suffers from a low efficiency for which an explanation is currently lacking. Recently reported reduced rates of GT in A. thaliana deficient in polymerase theta (Polθ), a core component of theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) of DNA breaks, have led to the suggestion of a direct involvement of this enzyme in the homology-directed process. Here, by monitoring homology-driven gene conversion in plants with CRISPR reagent and donor sequences pre-integrated at random sites in the genome (in planta GT), we demonstrate that Polθ action is not required for GT, but instead suppresses the process, likely by promoting the repair of the DNA break by end-joining. This finding indicates that lack of donor integration explains the previously established reduced GT rates seen upon transformation of Polθ-deficient plants. Our study additionally provides insight into ectopic gene targeting (EGT), recombination events between donor and target that do not map to the target locus. EGT, which occurs at similar frequencies as "true" GT during transformation, was rare in our in planta GT experiments arguing that EGT predominantly results from target locus recombination with nonintegrated T-DNA molecules. By describing mechanistic features of GT our study provides directions for the improvement of precise genetic modification of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejon E M Kralemann
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Tol
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J J Hooykaas
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Shi Q, Xia Y, Xue N, Wang Q, Tao Q, Li M, Xu D, Wang X, Kong F, Zhang H, Li G. Modulation of starch synthesis in Arabidopsis via phytochrome B-mediated light signal transduction. J Integr Plant Biol 2024. [PMID: 38391049 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Starch is a major storage carbohydrate in plants and is critical in crop yield and quality. Starch synthesis is intricately regulated by internal metabolic processes and external environmental cues; however, the precise molecular mechanisms governing this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that high red to far-red (high R:FR) light significantly induces the synthesis of leaf starch and the expression of synthesis-related genes, whereas low R:FR light suppress these processes. Arabidopsis phytochrome B (phyB), the primary R and FR photoreceptor, was identified as a critical positive regulator in this process. Downstream of phyB, basic leucine zipper transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) was found to enhance starch synthesis, whereas the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5) inhibit starch synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. Notably, HY5 and PIFs directly compete for binding to a shared G-box cis-element in the promoter region of genes encoding starch synthases GBSS, SS3, and SS4, which leads to antagonistic regulation of their expression and, consequently, starch synthesis. Our findings highlight the vital role of phyB in enhancing starch synthesis by stabilizing HY5 and facilitating PIFs degradation under high R:FR light conditions. Conversely, under low R:FR light, PIFs predominantly inhibit starch synthesis. This study provides insight into the physiological and molecular functions of phyB and its downstream transcription factors HY5 and PIFs in starch synthesis regulation, shedding light on the regulatory mechanism by which plants synchronize dynamic light signals with metabolic cues to module starch synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ying Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Na Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mingjing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Di Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haisen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Schlößer M, Moseler A, Bodnar Y, Homagk M, Wagner S, Pedroletti L, Gellert M, Ugalde JM, Lillig CH, Meyer AJ. Localization of four class I glutaredoxins in the cytosol and the secretory pathway and characterization of their biochemical diversification. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38394181 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Class I glutaredoxins (GRXs) are catalytically active oxidoreductases and considered key proteins mediating reversible glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of protein thiols during development and stress responses. To narrow in on putative target proteins, it is mandatory to know the subcellular localization of the respective GRXs and to understand their catalytic activities and putative redundancy between isoforms in the same compartment. We show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, GRXC1 and GRXC2 are cytosolic proteins with GRXC1 being attached to membranes through myristoylation. GRXC3 and GRXC4 are identified as type II membrane proteins along the early secretory pathway with their enzymatic function on the luminal side. Unexpectedly, neither single nor double mutants lacking both GRXs isoforms in the cytosol or the ER show phenotypes that differ from wild-type controls. Analysis of electrostatic surface potentials and clustering of GRXs based on their electrostatic interaction with roGFP2 mirrors the phylogenetic classification of class I GRXs, which clearly separates the cytosolic GRXC1 and GRXC2 from the luminal GRXC3 and GRXC4. Comparison of all four studied GRXs for their oxidoreductase function highlights biochemical diversification with GRXC3 and GRXC4 being better catalysts than GRXC1 and GRXC2 for the reduction of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide. With oxidized roGFP2 as an alternative substrate, GRXC1 and GRXC2 catalyze the reduction faster than GRXC3 and GRXC4, which suggests that catalytic efficiency of GRXs in reductive reactions depends on the respective substrate. Vice versa, GRXC3 and GRXC4 are faster than GRXC1 and GRXC2 in catalyzing the oxidation of pre-reduced roGFP2 in the reverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Schlößer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Moseler
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yana Bodnar
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Homagk
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca Pedroletti
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - José M Ugalde
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher H Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
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Yu Z, Xu X, Guo L, Yuzuak S, Lu Y. Physiological and biochemical effects of polystyrene micro/nano plastics on Arabidopsis thaliana. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133861. [PMID: 38430596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have garnered global attention due to their potential ecological risks. Research shows micro/nano-plastics pollution has adverse effects on plant growth, development, and physiological characteristics. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. The study examined the effects of polystyrene micro/nano-plastics with varying sizes and concentrations on different physiological and biochemical markers of A. thaliana. The indicators assessed include seed viability, growth, chlorophyll content, accumulation of root reactive oxygen species, and root exudates. Using fluorescence labeling, we investigated the absorption and translocation processes of micro/nano-plastics in A. thaliana. We also performed transcriptomic analysis to better understand the particular mechanisms of micro/nano-plastics. It indicated that micro/nano-plastics had an adverse effect on seed germination, especially under high concentration and small particle size treatments. This effect diminished with prolonged exposure. High concentrations at 50 nm and 100 nm treatment groups significantly inhibited the growth. Conversely, low concentrations of 1000 nm had a promoting effect. Exposure to micro/nano-plastics potentially resulted in decreased chlorophyll content, the accumulation of H2O2 in roots, and stimulated root secretion of oxalic acid. Through transcriptomic analysis, the gene expression linked to micro/nano-plastic treatments of varying sizes enriched multiple metabolic pathways, impacting plant growth, development, environmental adaptation, metabolism, pigment synthesis, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefu Yu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environment Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environment Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environment Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Seyit Yuzuak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Yin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environment Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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Poethig RS. Ca 2+ regulates developmental timing in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38379438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Poethig
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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40
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Coxe T, Burks DJ, Singh U, Mittler R, Azad RK. Benchmarking RNA-Seq Aligners at Base-Level and Junction Base-Level Resolution Using the Arabidopsis thaliana Genome. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:582. [PMID: 38475429 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The utmost goal of selecting an RNA-Seq alignment software is to perform accurate alignments with a robust algorithm, which is capable of detecting the various intricacies underlying read-mapping procedures and beyond. Most alignment software tools are typically pre-tuned with human or prokaryotic data, and therefore may not be suitable for applications to other organisms, such as plants. The rapidly growing plant RNA-Seq databases call for the assessment of the alignment tools on curated plant data, which will aid the calibration of these tools for applications to plant transcriptomic data. We therefore focused here on benchmarking RNA-Seq read alignment tools, using simulated data derived from the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. We assessed the performance of five popular RNA-Seq alignment tools that are currently available, based on their usage (citation count). By introducing annotated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR), we recorded alignment accuracy at both base-level and junction base-level resolutions for each alignment tool. In addition to assessing the performance of the alignment tools at their default settings, accuracies were also recorded by varying the values of numerous parameters, including the confidence threshold and the level of SNP introduction. The performances of the aligners were found consistent under various testing conditions at the base-level accuracy; however, the junction base-level assessment produced varying results depending upon the applied algorithm. At the read base-level assessment, the overall performance of the aligner STAR was superior to other aligners, with the overall accuracy reaching over 90% under different test conditions. On the other hand, at the junction base-level assessment, SubRead emerged as the most promising aligner, with an overall accuracy over 80% under most test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallon Coxe
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - David J Burks
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Utkarsh Singh
- Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Science and Technology, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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Montesinos Á, Sacristán S, Del Prado-Polonio P, Arnaiz A, Díaz-González S, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Contrasting plant transcriptome responses between a pierce-sucking and a chewing herbivore go beyond the infestation site. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38369495 PMCID: PMC10875829 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have acquired a repertoire of mechanisms to combat biotic stressors, which may vary depending on the feeding strategies of herbivores and the plant species. Hormonal regulation crucially modulates this malleable defense response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) stand out as pivotal regulators of defense, while other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) or auxin also play a role in modulating plant-pest interactions. The plant defense response has been described to elicit effects in distal tissues, whereby aboveground herbivory can influence belowground response, and vice versa. This impact on distal tissues may be contingent upon the feeding guild, even affecting both the recovery of infested tissues and those that have not suffered active infestation. RESULTS To study how phytophagous with distinct feeding strategies may differently trigger the plant defense response during and after infestation in both infested and distal tissues, Arabidopsis thaliana L. rosettes were infested separately with the chewing herbivore Pieris brassicae L. and the piercing-sucker Tetranychus urticae Koch. Moderate infestation conditions were selected for both pests, though no quantitative control of damage levels was carried out. Feeding mode did distinctly influence the transcriptomic response of the plant under these conditions. Though overall affected processes were similar under either infestation, their magnitude differed significantly. Plants infested with P. brassicae exhibited a short-term response, involving stress-related genes, JA and ABA regulation and suppressing growth-related genes. In contrast, T. urticae elicited a longer transcriptomic response in plants, albeit with a lower degree of differential expression, in particular influencing SA regulation. These distinct defense responses transcended beyond infestation and through the roots, where hormonal response, flavonoid regulation or cell wall reorganization were differentially affected. CONCLUSION These outcomes confirm that the existent divergent transcriptomic responses elicited by herbivores employing distinct feeding strategies possess the capacity to extend beyond infestation and even affect tissues that have not been directly infested. This remarks the importance of considering the entire plant's response to localized biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Del Prado-Polonio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Xu L, Zhu X, Yi F, Liu Y, Sod B, Li M, Chen L, Kang J, Yang Q, Long R. A genome-wide study of the lipoxygenase gene families in Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa reveals that MtLOX24 participates in the methyl jasmonate response. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:195. [PMID: 38373903 PMCID: PMC10875803 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a multifunctional enzyme that is primarily related to plant organ growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and production of flavor-associated metabolites. In higher plants, the LOX family encompasses several isozymes with varying expression patterns between tissues and developmental stages. These affect processes including seed germination, seed storage, seedling growth, fruit ripening, and leaf senescence. LOX family genes have multiple functions in response to hormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid. RESULTS In this study, we identified 30 and 95 LOX homologs in Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa, respectively. These genes were characterized with analyses of their basic physical and chemical properties, structures, chromosomal distributions, and phylogenetic relationships to understand structural variations and their physical locations. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted for members of the three LOX subfamilies (9-LOX, type I 13-LOX, and type II 13-LOX) in Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, M. truncatula, and M. sativa. Analysis of predicted promoter elements revealed several relevant cis-acting elements in MtLOX and MsLOX genes, including abscisic acid (ABA) response elements (ABREs), MeJA response elements (CGTCA-motifs), and antioxidant response elements (AREs). Cis-element data combined with transcriptomic data demonstrated that LOX gene family members in these species were most likely related to abiotic stress responses, hormone responses, and plant development. Gene expression patterns were confirmed via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Several MtLOX genes (namely MtLOX15, MtLOX16, MtLOX20, and MtLOX24) belonging to the type I 13-LOX subfamily and other LOX genes (MtLOX7, MtLOX11, MsLOX23, MsLOX87, MsLOX90, and MsLOX94) showed significantly different expression levels in the flower tissue, suggesting roles in reproductive growth. Type I 13-LOXs (MtLOX16, MtLOX20, MtLOX21, MtLOX24, MsLOX57, MsLOX84, MsLOX85, and MsLOX94) and type II 13-LOXs (MtLOX5, MtLOX6, MtLOX9, MtLOX10, MsLOX18, MsLOX23, and MsLOX30) were MeJA-inducible and were predicted to function in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Furthermore, exogenous MtLOX24 expression in Arabidopsis verified that MtLOX24 was involved in MeJA responses, which may be related to insect-induced abiotic stress. CONCLUSIONS We identified six and four LOX genes specifically expressed in the flowers of M. truncatula and M. sativa, respectively. Eight and seven LOX genes were induced by MeJA in M. truncatula and M. sativa, and the LOX genes identified were mainly distributed in the type I and type II 13-LOX subfamilies. MtLOX24 was up-regulated at 8 h after MeJA induction, and exogenous expression in Arabidopsis demonstrated that MtLOX24 promoted resistance to MeJA-induced stress. This study provides valuable new information regarding the evolutionary history and functions of LOX genes in the genus Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengyan Yi
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Yajiao Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bilig Sod
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchuan Yang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Kim D, Jeon SJ, Hong JK, Kim MG, Kim SH, Kadam US, Kim WY, Chung WS, Stacey G, Hong JC. The Auto-Regulation of ATL2 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Plays an Important Role in the Immune Response against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2388. [PMID: 38397062 PMCID: PMC10889567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system is a crucial regulatory mechanism that governs various cellular processes in plants, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and responses to biotic and abiotic stressors. Our study shows that the RING-H2-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura 2 (ATL2), is involved in response to fungal pathogen infection. Under normal growth conditions, the expression of the ATL2 gene is low, but it is rapidly and significantly induced by exogenous chitin. Additionally, ATL2 protein stability is markedly increased via chitin treatment, and its degradation is prolonged when 26S proteasomal function is inhibited. We found that an atl2 null mutant exhibited higher susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola, while plants overexpressing ATL2 displayed increased resistance. We also observed that the hyphae of A. brassicicola were strongly stained with trypan blue staining, and the expression of A. brassicicola Cutinase A (AbCutA) was dramatically increased in atl2. In contrast, the hyphae were weakly stained, and AbCutA expression was significantly reduced in ATL2-overexpressing plants. Using bioinformatics, live-cell confocal imaging, and cell fractionation analysis, we revealed that ATL2 is localized to the plasma membrane. Further, it is demonstrated that the ATL2 protein possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and found that cysteine 138 residue is critical for its function. Moreover, ATL2 is necessary to successfully defend against the A. brassicicola fungal pathogen. Altogether, our data suggest that ATL2 is a plasma membrane-integrated protein with RING-H2-type E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is essential for the defense response against fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Su Jeong Jeon
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Protection, Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Ulhas S. Kadam
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center (PBRRC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Jedličková V, Štefková M, Mandáková T, Sánchez López JF, Sedláček M, Lysak MA, Robert HS. Injection-based hairy root induction and plant regeneration techniques in Brassicaceae. Plant Methods 2024; 20:29. [PMID: 38368430 PMCID: PMC10874044 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairy roots constitute a valuable tissue culture system for species that are difficult to propagate through conventional seed-based methods. Moreover, the generation of transgenic plants derived from hairy roots can be facilitated by employing carefully designed hormone-containing media. RESULTS We initiated hairy root formation in the rare crucifer species Asperuginoides axillaris via an injection-based protocol using the Agrobacterium strain C58C1 harboring a hairy root-inducing (Ri) plasmid and successfully regenerated plants from established hairy root lines. Our study confirms the genetic stability of both hairy roots and their derived regenerants and highlights their utility as a permanent source of mitotic chromosomes for cytogenetic investigations. Additionally, we have developed an effective embryo rescue protocol to circumvent seed dormancy issues in A. axillaris seeds. By using inflorescence primary stems of Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta as starting material, we also established hairy root lines that were subsequently used for regeneration studies. CONCLUSION We developed efficient hairy root transformation and regeneration protocols for various crucifers, namely A. axillaris, A. thaliana, and C. hirsuta. Hairy roots and derived regenerants can serve as a continuous source of plant material for molecular and cytogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Jedličková
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Štefková
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Mandáková
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Francisco Sánchez López
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sedláček
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin A Lysak
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Center for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Barcenilla BB, Kundel I, Hall E, Hilty N, Ulianich P, Cook J, Turley J, Yerram M, Min JH, Castillo-González C, Shippen DE. Telomere dynamics and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis grown in lunar regolith simulant. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1351613. [PMID: 38434436 PMCID: PMC10908177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
NASA envisions a future where humans establish a thriving colony on the Moon by 2050. Plants will be essential for this endeavor, but little is known about their adaptation to extraterrestrial bodies. The capacity to grow plants in lunar regolith would represent a major step towards this goal by minimizing the reliance on resources transported from Earth. Recent studies reveal that Arabidopsis thaliana can germinate and grow on genuine lunar regolith as well as on lunar regolith simulant. However, plants arrest in vegetative development and activate a variety of stress response pathways, most notably the oxidative stress response. Telomeres are hotspots for oxidative damage in the genome and a marker of fitness in many organisms. Here we examine A. thaliana growth on a lunar regolith simulant and the impact of this resource on plant physiology and on telomere dynamics, telomerase enzyme activity and genome oxidation. We report that plants successfully set seed and generate a viable second plant generation if the lunar regolith simulant is pre-washed with an antioxidant cocktail. However, plants sustain a higher degree of genome oxidation and decreased biomass relative to conventional Earth soil cultivation. Moreover, telomerase activity substantially declines and telomeres shorten in plants grown in lunar regolith simulant, implying that genome integrity may not be sustainable over the long-term. Overcoming these challenges will be an important goal in ensuring success on the lunar frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dorothy E. Shippen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Nishanth MJ. Transcriptome meta-analysis-based identification of hub transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins potentially orchestrating gene regulatory cascades and crosstalk in response to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00837-4. [PMID: 38337133 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Deteriorating climatic conditions and increasing human population necessitate the development of robust plant varieties resistant to harsh environments. Manipulation of regulatory proteins such as transcription factors (TFs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) would be a beneficial strategy in this regard. Further, understanding the complex interconnections between different classes of regulatory molecules would be essential for the identification of candidate genes/proteins for trait improvement. Most studies to date have analysed the roles of TFs or RBPs individually, in conferring stress resilience. However, it would be important to identify dominant/upstream TFs and RBPs inducing widespread transcriptomic alterations through other regulators (i.e., other TFs/RBPs targeted by the upstream regulators). To this end, the present study employed a transcriptome meta-analysis and computational approaches to obtain a comprehensive overview of regulatory interactions. This work identified dominant TFs and RBPs potentially influencing stress-mediated differential expression of other regulators, which could in turn influence gene expression, and consequently, physiological responses. Twenty transcriptomic studies [related to (i) UV radiation, (ii) wounding, (iii) salinity, (iv) cold, and (v) drought stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana] were analysed for differential gene expression, followed by the identification of differentially expressed TFs and RBPs. Subsequently, other TFs and RBPs which could be influencing these regulators were identified, and their interaction networks and hub nodes were analysed. As a result, an interacting module of Basic Leucine Zipper (bZIP) family TFs as well as Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) and Glycine-rich protein (GRP) family RBPs (among other TFs and RBPs) were shown to potentially influence the stress-induced differential expression of other TFs and RBPs under all the considered stress conditions. Some of the identified hub TFs and RBPs are known to be of major importance in orchestrating stress-induced transcriptomic changes influencing a variety of physiological processes from seed germination to senescence. This study highlighted the gene/protein candidates that could be considered for multiplexed genetic manipulation - a promising approach to develop robust, multi-stress-resilient plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Nishanth
- Deptartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, India, 560027.
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Sydow P, Murren CJ. Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16873. [PMID: 38348101 PMCID: PMC10860551 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plant hormones influence phenology, development, and function of above and belowground plant structures. In seedlings, auxin influences the initiation and development of lateral roots and root systems. How auxin-related genes influence root initiation at early life stages has been investigated from numerous perspectives. There is a gap in our understanding of how these genes influence root size through the life cycle and in mature plants. Across development, the influence of a particular gene on plant phenotypes is partly regulated by the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA transcripts via alternative polyadenylation (APA). Auxin related genes have documented variation in APA, with auxin itself contributing to APA site switches. Studies of the influence of exogenous auxin on natural plant accessions and mutants of auxin pathway gene families exhibiting variation in APA are required for a more complete understanding of genotype by development by hormone interactions in whole plant and fitness traits. Methods We studied Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous mutant lines with inserts in auxin-related genes previously identified to exhibit variation in number of APA sites. Our growth chamber experiment included wildtype Col-0 controls, mutant lines, and natural accession phytometers. We applied exogenous auxin through the life cycle. We quantified belowground and aboveground phenotypes in 14 day old, 21 day old seedlings and plants at reproductive maturity. We contrasted root, rosette and flowering phenotypes across wildtype, auxin mutant, and natural accession lines, APA groups, hormone treatments, and life stages using general linear models. Results The root systems and rosettes of mutant lines in auxin related genes varied in response to auxin applications across life stages and varied between genotypes within life stages. In seedlings, exposure to auxin decreased size, but increased lateral root density, whereas at reproductive maturity, plants displayed greater aboveground mass and total root length. These differences may in part be due to a shift which delayed the reproductive stage when plants were treated with auxin. Root traits of auxin related mutants depended on the number of APA sites of mutant genes and the plant's developmental stage. Mutants with inserts in genes with many APA sites exhibited lower early seedling belowground biomass than those with few APA sites but only when exposed to exogenous auxin. As we observed different responses to exogenous auxin across the life cycle, we advocate for further studies of belowground traits and hormones at reproductive maturity. Studying phenotypic variation of genotypes across life stages and hormone environments will uncover additional shared patterns across traits, assisting efforts to potentially reach breeding targets and enhance our understanding of variation of genotypes in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sydow
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Courtney J. Murren
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
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Mishra B, Bansal S, Tripathi S, Mishra S, Yadav RK, Sangwan NS. Differential regulation of key triterpene synthase gene under abiotic stress in Withania somnifera L. Dunal and its co-relation to sterols and withanolides. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108419. [PMID: 38377888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), is one of the most reputed Indian medicinal plants, having immense pharmacological activities due to the occurrence of withanolides. The withanolides are biosynthesized through triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway with the involvement of WsCAS leading to cyclization of 2, 3 oxidosqualene, which is a key metabolite to further diversify to a myriad of phytochemicals. In contrast to the available reports on the studies of WsCAS in withanolide biosynthesis, its involvement in phytosterol biosynthesis needs investigation. Present work deals with the understanding of role of WsCAS triterpenoid synthase gene in the regulation of biosynthesis of phytosterols & withanolides. Docking studies of WsCAS protein revealed Conserved amino acids, DCATE motif, and QW motif which are involved in efficient substrate binding, structure stabilization, and catalytic activity. Overexpression/silencing of WsCAS leading to increment/decline of phytosterols confers its stringent regulation in phytosterols biosynthesis. Differential regulation of WsCAS on the metabolic flux towards phytosterols and withanolide biosynthesis was observed under abiotic stress conditions. The preferential channelization of 2, 3 oxidosqualene towards withanolides and/or phytosterols occurred under heat/salt stress and cold/water stress, respectively. Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol showed major contribution in high/low temperature and salt stress, and campesterol in water stress management. Overexpression of WsCAS in Arabidopsis thaliana led to the increment in phytosterols in general. Thus, the WsCAS plays important regulatory role in the biosynthetic pathway of phytosterols and withanolides under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpi Bansal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smrati Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritesh K Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India.
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Niu X, Ge Z, Ito H. Regulatory mechanism of heat-active retrotransposons by the SET domain protein SUVH2. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1355626. [PMID: 38390294 PMCID: PMC10883384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
New transposon insertions are deleterious to genome stability. The RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway evolved to regulate transposon activity via DNA methylation. However, current studies have not yet clearly described the transposition regulation. ONSEN is a heat-activated retrotransposon that is activated at 37°C. The plant-specific SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION 3-9 HOMOLOG (SUVH) family proteins function downstream of the RdDM pathway. The SUVH protein families are linked to TE silencing by two pathways, one through DNA methylation and the other through chromatin remodeling. In this study, we analyzed the regulation of ONSEN activity by SUVH2. We observed that ONSEN transcripts were increased; however, there was no transpositional activity in Arabidopsis suvh2 mutant. The suvh2 mutant produced siRNAs from the ONSEN locus under heat stress, suggesting that siRNAs are involved in suppressing transposition. These results provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of retrotransposons that involve siRNA in the RdDM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Niu
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Ge
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ito
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Zait Y, Joseph A, Assmann SM. Stomatal responses to VPD utilize guard cell intracellular signaling components. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1351612. [PMID: 38375078 PMCID: PMC10875092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1351612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal pores, vital for CO2 uptake and water loss regulation in plants, are formed by two specialized guard cells. Despite their importance, there is limited understanding of how guard cells sense and respond to changes in vapor pressure difference (VPD). This study leverages a selection of CO2 hyposensitive and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling mutants in Arabidopsis, including heterotrimeric G protein mutants and RLK (receptor-like kinase) mutants, along with a variety of canola cultivars to delve into the intracellular signaling mechanisms prompting stomatal closure in response to high VPD. Stomatal conductance response to step changes in VPD was measured using the LI-6800F gas exchange system. Our findings highlight that stomatal responses to VPD utilize intracellular signaling components. VPD hyposensitivity was particularly evident in mutants of the ht1 (HIGH LEAF TEMPERATURE1) gene, which encodes a protein kinase expressed mainly in guard cells, and in gpa1-3, a null mutant of the sole canonical heterotrimeric Gα subunit, previously implicated in stomatal signaling. Consequently, this research identifies a nexus in the intricate relationships between guard cell signal perception, stomatal conductance, environmental humidity, and CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology Department, Penn State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, United States
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Joseph
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA, United States
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