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Jiang L, Wan Y, Pan J, Mao X, Sun X, Zan L, Wang H. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the inhibitory effect of beta-sitosterol on proliferation of bovine preadipocytes. Anim Biotechnol 2024:2339406. [PMID: 38634284 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2339406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fat deposition affects beef quantity and quality via preadipocyte proliferation. Beta-sitosterol, a natural small molecular compound, has various functions, such as anti-inflammation, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The mechanism of action of Beta-sitosterol on bovine preadipocytes remains unclear. This study, based on RNA-seq, reveals the impact of Beta -sitosterol on the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes. Compared to the control group, Beta-sitosterol demonstrated a more pronounced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation after 48 hours of treatment than after 24 hours, as evidenced by the results of EdU staining and flow cytometry. RNA-seq and Western Blot analyses further substantiated these findings. Our results suggest that the impact of Beta-sitosterol on the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes is not significant after a 24-hour treatment. It is only after extending the treatment time to 48 hours that Beta-sitosterol may induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by suppressing the expression of CCNB1, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhai Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Lolok N, Sumiwi SA, Ramadhan DSF, Levita J, Sahidin I. Molecular dynamics study of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol of Morinda citrifolia L. towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1952-1955. [PMID: 37539686 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2243519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vivo studies of Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae) reported that the extract inhibited α-amylase and reduced blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice. Moreover, molecular docking studies confirmed that ursolic acid and sterol compounds contained in the fruit interacted with important residues in the binding site of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Our work aimed to study the complex stability of stigmasterol (which has been isolated from the M. citrifolia fruit for the first time) and beta-sitosterol towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase by employing molecular dynamics simulation on GROMACS 2016.3 embedded with the AMBER99SB-ILDN force field. The simulation was carried out for 100 ns at 310 oK. Based on the RMSD and RMSF graphs, the complexes of stigmasterol/α-amylase and stigmasterol/α-glucosidase are more stable compared to acarbose, the known inhibitor of both enzymes. Moreover, beta-sitosterol indicates a better stability complex with α-glucosidase compared to that of acarbose. Interestingly, the affinity of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol to both enzymes, in terms of the total binding energy, is stronger than that of acarbose. Taken together, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol in M. citrifolia fruit may have the potency to be developed as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikeherpianti Lolok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, STIKES Mandala Waluya, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - I Sahidin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Macoska JA. The use of beta-sitosterol for the treatment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2023; 11:467-480. [PMID: 38148931 PMCID: PMC10749388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Herbal supplements are widely used to enhance prostate health. These supplements may contain several types of plant sterols, vitamins, and minerals. By weight, however, plant sterols make up an abundant ingredient component, with saw palmetto extract or its primary component, beta-sitosterol, often comprising the most abundant sterol. Saw palmetto extract/beta-sitosterol has been shown to promote anti-tumorigenic processes in prostate cancer cells and rodent models of prostate cancer. It has also been shown to inhibit the 5α-reductase enzyme, thereby behaving similarly to finasteride and dutasteride, which are widely used to treat prostatic enlargement, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of this study is to critically examine in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical studies to assess the safety and clinical utility of herbal supplements containing saw palmetto extract/beta-sitosterol for prostate health. The results of this study suggest multiple mechanisms through which beta-sitosterol represses prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo, particularly through its pro-apoptotic effect on prostate epithelial cells. Multiple studies also show that beta-sitosterol significantly improves lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with BPH, but to an extent that is generally less effective than that achieved by pharmaceutical grade alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists or 5α-reductase inhibitors. This latter finding suggests that supplements containing beta-sitosterol might be most appropriate for younger men with minimal LUTS who don't wish to embark on a clinical drug regimen for BPH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts BostonBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts BostonBoston, MA, USA
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D'Arcy Q, Sarna-McCarthy M, Bowen D, Soto FO, Zarringhalam K, Macoska JA. Beta-Sitosterol Alters Collagen Distribution in Prostate Fibroblasts. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:313-326. [PMID: 37933457 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2276943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbal supplements containing several types of plant sterols, vitamins, and minerals, are marketed for prostate health. In the majority of these supplements, the most abundant plant sterol is saw palmetto extract or its' principal component, beta-sitosterol. In terms of prostate health, previous work almost exclusively focused on the effects of beta-sitosterol on prostatic epithelium, with little attention paid to the effects on prostatic stroma. This omission is a concern, as the abnormal accumulation of collagen, or fibrosis, of the prostatic stroma has been identified as a factor contributing to lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction in aging men. To address whether beta-sitosterol may be promoting prostatic fibrosis, immortalized and primary prostate stromal fibroblasts were subjected to immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and image quantitation and analysis techniques to elucidate the effects of beta-sitosterol on cell viability and collagen expression and cellular localization. The results of these studies show that beta-sitosterol is nontoxic to prostatic fibroblasts and does not stimulate collagen production by these cells. However, beta-sitosterol alters collagen distribution and sequesters collagen within prostatic fibroblasts, likely in an age-dependent manner. This is a significant finding as prostate health supplements are used predominantly by middle aged and older men who may, then, be affected disproportionately by these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin D'Arcy
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of MA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marissa Sarna-McCarthy
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of MA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Delaney Bowen
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of MA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fidias O Soto
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of MA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kourosh Zarringhalam
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of MA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill A Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of MA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Saputro AH, Amelia T, Mahardhika AB, Widyawaruyanti A, Wahyuni TS, Permanasari AA, Artarini AA, Tjahjono DH, Damayanti S. Alpha-mangostin, piperine and beta-sitosterol as hepatitis C antivirus (HCV): In silico and in vitro studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20141. [PMID: 37809693 PMCID: PMC10559922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C is still a serious liver case of health. Up to now the development of anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) drugs is challenging, especially the development of natural material compounds as anti-HCV. In the present study, we evaluated the probability of α-mangostin, piperine, and β-sitosterol as anti-HCV with the in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular docking was performed between nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B, PDB ID 3FQL) with α-mangostin, piperine, and β-sitosterol by Autodock Tools® and BIOVIA Discovery Studio®. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted for 200 ns, evaluating the dynamic interaction between the ligands and the viral protein NS5B. Furthermore, compound characterization at the hepatocarcinoma cell line was employed. α-Mangostin with NS5B complex demonstrated the most negative binding free energy value based on MM-PBSA calculation with a value of -9.13 kcal/mol. In vitro test showed that IC50 of α -mangostin was 2.70 ± 0.92 μM, IC50 of piperine was 52.18 ± 3.21 μM, IC50 of β-sitosterol was >100 μM. α-Mangostin can serve as a valuable lead compound for further development of the anti-HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Hermadi Saputro
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, 35365, Indonesia
| | - Tasia Amelia
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
- Center for Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tutik Sri Wahyuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
- Center for Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Adita Ayu Permanasari
- Center for Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Aluicia Anita Artarini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Daryono Hadi Tjahjono
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sophi Damayanti
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- University Center of Excellence on Artificial Intelligence for Vision, Natural Language Processing & Big Data Analysis (U-CoE AI-VLB), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
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Rossi A, Bragonzi A, Medede M, De Fino I, Lippi G, Prosdocimi M, Tamanini A, Cabrini G, Dechecchi MC. β-sitosterol ameliorates inflammation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in a mouse model. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:156-60. [PMID: 35973900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that β-sitosterol (BSS) inhibits the expression of the chemokine IL-8 in CF bronchial epithelial cells exposed to P. aeruginosa. In the mouse model of lung chronic infection, herein shown, BSS significantly reduced leukocyte recruitment in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and decreased bacteria recovered in the airways. Treatment with BSS decreased the expression of key cytokines involved in immune response, mainly neutrophil chemotaxis, in the lung homogenate. This anti-inflammatory activity is accompanied by a beneficial protecting activity against infection and improvement of health status. Our data suggest that BSS has the potential to become a new drug to target the excessive neutrophil recruitment in lungs chronically infected by P. aeruginosa and encourage future investigations on mechanism of protection driven by BSS.
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He S, He S, Chen Y, Jin X, Mei W, Lu Q. Beta-Sitosterol Modulates the Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the PPARG/AMPK/mTOR Pathway. Pharmacology 2022; 107:495-509. [PMID: 35679828 DOI: 10.1159/000525218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an essential pathological factor in the early development of atherosclerosis. Beta-sitosterol (BS), a natural phytosterol abundant in plant seeds, exhibits various bioactivities, including cardioprotective effects. However, its effects on VSMC migration and underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. METHOD AND RESULT BS inhibited the proliferation and migration of angiotensin II-induced A7r5 cells and reduced intracellular oxidative stress. Targets related to VSMC migration and the targets of BS were screened, cross-referenced, and analyzed by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking technology. The identified targets were verified at the protein and gene levels using Western blotting and quantitative PCR, respectively. BS was observed to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and negatively regulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression. Furthermore, a PPARG inhibitor reversed the BS-induced activation of AMPK and mTOR. CONCLUSION This study indicated that regulation of the PPARG/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway could potentially contribute to the inhibitory effects of BS on angiotensin II-induced VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumiao He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Siqing He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
In the present investigation scratch wound assay was used to study the ability of several combinations of each flavonoid (chrysin, naringenin or resveratrol) with β-sitosterol to heal wounds in vitro. MTT test was performed to determine if the combination of flavonoid with β-sitosterol was toxic to fibroblasts or not. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations were measured. The best closure rates were obtained with β-sitosterol combined with naringenin and β-sitosterol combined with resveratrol. The combination that produced the best closure rate namely β-sitosterol with naringenin increased SOD activity significantly. However, this combination was not better than naringenin or β-sitosterol alone in reducing IL-β concentration. The results of MTT test indicated that the combination as well as β-sitosterol alone or naringenin alone has no toxic effect on fibroblasts. In conclusion, the combination of β-sitosterol and naringenin exerted a synergistic effect on wound closure without decreasing the viability of fibroblasts, increased antioxidant defense mechanism and decreased IL-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mohammad Abbas
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Naseer Al-Rawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manal Ahmad Abbas
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Iqbal Al-Khateeb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
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Adebiyi OE, Olayemi FO, Olopade JO, Tan NH. Βeta-sitosterol enhances motor coordination, attenuates memory loss and demyelination in a vanadium-induced model of experimental neurotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:21-29. [PMID: 30551913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental discharge of vanadium causes cognitive and behavioral impairments in humans and animals via production of reactive oxygen species leading to lipid peroxidation and alteration in antioxidant defence system. The current study was carried out to investigate the cognitive-enhancing ability of β-sitosterol in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity. Forty eight mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A-D) with the following treatments: group A; distilled water, B; α-tocopherol + sodium metavanadate (NaO3V), C; β-sitosterol + NaO3V and D; only NaO3V. NaO3V was administered intraperitoneally while other treatments were administered through gavage for 7 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral parameters measuring cognition, locomotion, anxiety and grip strength were evaluated at day 8. Following sacrifice, brain levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malonaldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured. Immunohistochemical expression of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in the brain was also investigated. The results showed that deficits in spatial learning, locomotor efficiency, and motor coordination, induced by acute vanadium neurotoxicity were mitigated by beta-sitosterol. Significantly (α ≤ 0.05) decreased in vivo antioxidant enzyme activities, increased brain levels of MDA and H2O2, structural damage to myelin sheaths and decreased expression of MBP were also observed in the NaO3V group (D), however, co-administration of β-sitosterol reduced these pathologic features. It is concluded that β-sitosterol alleviates vanadium-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing cognition and improving motor co-ordination via its antioxidant and myelo-protective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Elizabeth Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | | | | | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Okuro PK, Malfatti-Gasperini AA, Vicente AA, Cunha RL. Lecithin and phytosterols-based mixtures as hybrid structuring agents in different organic phases. Food Res Int 2018; 111:168-77. [PMID: 30007673 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effect of lecithin (L) addition and solvent quality in a well-established oleogel system formed by β-sitosterol and γ-oryzanol (BG) was investigated. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and sunflower oil (SFO) were used as triglycerides and hexadecane (HEX) as a model of linear hydrocarbon. Lecithin was proposed due to its natural and versatile properties, showing different functionalities such as emulsifier and co-oleogelator. A study based on hierarchical organization of structured oil was performed applying techniques for bulk, meso and nanoscale. Self-sustained structures could no longer be observed after 40 wt% of BG replacement by lecithin. Small-angle X-ray scattering showed that the formed nanostructures (building blocks) were dependent on type of solvent and BG:L ratio in the mixture of oleogelators. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that stability against temperature was improved decreasing the polarity of the oil, and a time-dependent self-assembly of hybrid systems was observed from thermal and rheological measurements. Microscopy images exhibited changes on typical fibril aggregation of BG as lecithin was added, which promoted to a certain extent the suppression of ribbons. Oscillatory shear and uniaxial compression measurements were influenced by BG:L ratio and solvent mainly at higher lecithin amount. The combination of BG and MCT appeared to be the most affected by lecithin incorporation whereas SFO rendered harder oleogels. These results could contribute to understand the role of both lecithin and solvent type influencing the host oleogelator structure. It was hypothesized that intermolecular BG complex formation is hindered by lecithin, besides this phospholipid also might coexist as a different phase, causing structural changes in the gel network. Addressing the role of co-oleogelator it can provide the opportunity to tune soft materials with adjusted properties.
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Shin EJ, Choi HK, Sung MJ, Park JH, Chung MY, Chung S, Hwang JT. Anti-tumour effects of beta-sitosterol are mediated by AMPK/PTEN/HSP90 axis in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and xenograft mouse models. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:60-70. [PMID: 29559312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-cancer effects of beta-sitosterol (BS), a plant-derived sterol in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and xenograft mouse models. BS significantly reduced cell viability by inducing apoptosis in AGS adenocarcinoma cells. This was accompanied by the formation of apoptotic bodies, as detected by Annexin V, caspase 3/7 activity, and MitoPotential assay. BS stimulated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expression. Pharmacological inhibitors or siRNA were used to further analyse the relationship between the two proteins. AMPK was found to represent a likely upstream regulator of PTEN. Additionally, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify related proteins in the treatment of BS. The decrease of Hsp90 protein by BS was observed. Induction of PTEN protein and reduction of Hsp90 was mediated by AICAR, an AMPK activator, indicating that AMPK is necessary for PTEN and Hsp90 expression. Additionally, BS was found to be effective through the regulation of cancer biomarker. Furthermore, BS suppressed tumour growth without toxicity in the AGS xenograft mouse models-. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that BS exerts anti-cancer effects in AGS cells and xenograft mouse models by mediating AMPK, PTEN, and Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Jaceldo-Siegl K, Lütjohann D, Sirirat R, Mashchak A, Fraser GE, Haddad E. Variations in dietary intake and plasma concentrations of plant sterols across plant-based diets among North American adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28130879 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Phytosterols are bioactive compounds in plants with similar cholesterol-lowering properties as vegetarian diets. However, information on phytosterol intake and plasma plant sterols among vegetarians is sparse. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined dietary intake and plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol across five dietary patterns in the Adventist Health Study-2 Calibration Sub-study (n = 861, 66% females, average age 61 years). To measure intake and plasma concentrations of these compounds, we used 24-h dietary recalls and gas-liquid chromatography-flame ionization detection, respectively. Mean (SD) total phytosterol and cholesterol intake were 363 (176) mg/day and 131 (111) mg/day; plasma β-sitosterol, campesterol, and cholesterol were 3.3 (1.7) μg/mL, 4.2 (2.3) μg/mL, and 1.9 (0.4) mg/mL, respectively. Total phytosterol intake was lowest among non-vegetarians (263 mg/day) and highest among vegans (428 mg/day) (p < 0.0001). Cholesterol intake was lowest among vegans (15.2 mg/day) and highest among non-vegetarians (124.6 mg/day) (p < 0.0001). Plasma plant sterols and cholesterol did not differ by diet. Cholesterol-adjusted plasma β-sitosterol and campesterol were significantly higher in Blacks than Whites, though no ethnic differences were observed in dietary intake of these plant sterols. CONCLUSION Dietary intake but not plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol varies across distinct plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn
| | - Rawiwan Sirirat
- Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary E Fraser
- Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ella Haddad
- Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Paniagua-Pérez R, Flores-Mondragón G, Reyes-Legorreta C, Herrera-López B, Cervantes-Hernández I, Madrigal-Santillán O, Morales-González JA, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E. EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CAPACITY OF BETA-SITOSTEROL IN RODENT ASSAYS. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2017; 14:123-130. [PMID: 28480389 PMCID: PMC5411862 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a compound discovered to be present in numerous plants. A number of interesting biomedical properties have been attributed to BS, including immuno-modulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the aim of this report was to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity by applying various rodent experimental tests. METHODS To carry out the objective of the study we applied the methods indicated here. Two of the adopted methods were based on the passive reverse Arthus reaction: the rat paw edema test and the rat pleurisy assay. We also applied two methods related with the non-specific acute inflammation: the mouse ear edema test, and the mouse mieloperoxidase activity assay. RESULTS The results obtained in all tests established a significant anti-inflammatory potential of BS. In the rat paw edema test we found an inhibitory effect which goes from 50-70%; in the rat pleurisy assay our findings with respect to the volume of pleural exuded showed a reduction of 46%, as well as a 20% low amount of neutrophils in comparison with the level of the control group. In the mouse ear edema test we found a mean inflammatory inhibition of 75%, and with respect to mieloproxidase activity the results showed a significant inhibition induced by the three doses of BS. CONCLUSIONS In the present study we determined a potent anti-inflammatory capacity of BS in specific and non-specific types of acute inflammation in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389. MÉXICO
- Corresponding author E-mail:; and
| | - Gabriela Flores-Mondragón
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389. MÉXICO
| | - Celia Reyes-Legorreta
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389. MÉXICO
| | - Brígida Herrera-López
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389. MÉXICO
| | - Isabel Cervantes-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389. MÉXICO
| | - Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340. MÉXICO
| | - José Antonio Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340. MÉXICO
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfredo Massieu, Col Lindavista, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07738, MÉXICO
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfredo Massieu, Col Lindavista, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07738, MÉXICO
- Corresponding author E-mail:; and
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Vijaya, Yadav AK. In vitro anthelmintic assessment of selected phytochemicals against Hymenolepis diminuta, a zoonotic tapeworm. J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:1082-6. [PMID: 27605841 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of medicinal plants are used as herbal remedy for the treatment of helminthic diseases in the developing countries, however, far too little attention has been paid to assess the anthelmintic potentials of chemical compounds that are present in these plants. This study was carried out to assess the in vitro anthelmintic effects of biochanin A, ursolic acid, betulinic acid and beta-sitosterol which are the major phytochemicals of Trifolium repens, Houttuynia cordata and Lasia spinosa, the traditionally used anthelmintic plants of Northeast India. The in vitro anthelmintic testing of these phytochemicals was undertaken against Hymenolepis diminuta, a zoonotic tapeworm, and their efficacy was compared with a reference drug, praziquantel. The results revealed that except beta-sitosterol, which showed a very weak anthelmintic effect, remaining all other tested compounds possess highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) and dose-dependent anthelmintic effects. Upon exposure to 0.25, 0.50 and 1 mg/ml concentrations of biochanin A, ursolic acid and betulinic acid, the test parasite H. diminuta, at first, showed a paralyzed state which later culminated into their mortality after short time periods. Of all the phytochemicals tested, betulinic acid (1 mg/ml) showed the best anthelmintic effect and caused the mortality of test parasites at 3.4 ± 0.66 h. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that betulinic acid, biochanin A and ursolic acid possess significant in vitro anthelmintic effects against H. diminuta, a zoonotic tapeworm, and, therefore, these compounds may be exploited further for anthelmintic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022 India
| | - Arun K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022 India
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