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Zhang L, Lu L, Jiang S, Yin Z, Tan G, Ning F, Qin Z, Huang J, Huang M, Jin J. Salvianolic acid extract prevents Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides-induced acute liver injury by modulating bile acid metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:117939. [PMID: 38382651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWP) tablet is the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the hepatotoxicity often limits its widespread application. In traditional use, Salvia miltiorrhiza has cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Salvianolic acid extract (SA) is a hydrophilic component of Salvia miltiorrhiza and has significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effects of SA on the TWP-induced acute liver injury in rats and to explore the related mechanisms by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS SA and TWP extracts were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. SA (200 mg/kg) was administered for consecutive 7 days. On day 7, TWP (360 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to induce the acute liver injury in rats. Serum biochemical assay and H&E staining were used to evaluate liver damage. Liver metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to explore the potential mechanisms, and further molecular biological experiments such as qPCR and IHC were utilized to validate the relevant signaling pathways. RESULTS SA can prevent liver injury symptoms caused by TWP, such as elevated liver index, elevated ALT and AST, and pathological changes in liver tissue. Liver metabolomics studies showed that TWP can significantly alter the content of individual bile acid in the liver and SA had the most significant impact on the biosynthetic pathway of bile acids. The transcriptomics results of the liver indicated that the genes changed in the SA + TWP group were mainly involved in sterol metabolism, lipid regulation and bile acid homeostasis pathways. The gene expression of Nr1h4, which encodes farnesoid X receptor (FXR), an important regulator of bile acid homeostasis, was significantly changed. Further studies confirmed that SA can prevent the downregulation of FXR and its downstream signaling induced by TWP, thereby regulating bile acid metabolism, ultimately preventing acute liver injury caused by TWP. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that SA could protect the liver from TWP-induced hepatic injury by modulation of the bile acid metabolic pathway. SA may provide a new strategy for the protection against TWP-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Langqing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhaokun Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoyao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fangqing Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiyan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junyuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Ji X, Chen H. Detection and analysis of serum bile acid profile in patients with colonic polyps. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2160-2172. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i13.2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyzing the variations in serum bile acid (BA) profile can provide a certain biological basis for early warning and prevention of various diseases. There is currently no comprehensive study on the relationship between the serum BA profile and colonic polyps.
AIM To study the serum BA profile detection results of patients with colonic polyps, and analyze the correlation between BA and colonic polyps.
METHODS From January 1, 2022, to June 1, 2023, 204 patients with colonic polyps who were diagnosed and treated at Zhongda Hospital Southeast University were chosen as the study subjects, and 135 non-polyp people who underwent physical examination were chosen as the control group. Gathering all patients' clinical information, typical biochemical indicators, and BA profile.
RESULTS Compared with the control group, the serum levels of taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the colonic polyp group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the content of deoxycholic acid (DCA) was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). When colonic polyps were analyzed as subgroups, it was shown that there was a strong correlation between changes in the BA profile and polyp diameter, location, morphology, pathological kind, etc.
CONCLUSION The serum BA profile showed significant changes in patients with colonic polyps, with a significant increase in primary conjugated BA content and a decrease in secondary free bile acid DCA content. There is a certain correlation between primary free BA and pathological parameters of polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Huang W, Qian Y, Lin J, Wang F, Kong X, Tan W. Baicalein alleviates intrahepatic cholestasis by regulating bile acid metabolism via an FXR-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149670. [PMID: 38442444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cholestasis is characterized by impaired bile secretion and flow, leading to the accumulation of toxic bile acids in the liver, further causing inflammatory reaction, fibrosis, and ultimately liver transplantation. Although first-line clinical agents such as Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Obeticholic acid (OCA) are available, serious side effects still exist. Therefore, pharmacologic treatment of cholestatic liver disease remains challenging. Here, we used a murine model of cholestasis treated with or without intraperitoneal injection of baicalein and found that baicalein could attenuate 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet-induced inflammatory response, ductular reaction, liver fibrosis, and bile acid metabolism disorders. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of baicalein was hampered in the presence of Guggulsterone (GS), an Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist. These results indicated that baicalein alleviated DDC diet-induced cholestatic liver injury in an FXR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Huang
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weifeng Tan
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu C, Huang D, Sheng X, Zhu J, Dong S, Chen S, Wang Y, Tang A, Duan R, Yang Z, Bai J, Zheng Y. Integrated physiological, intestinal microbiota, and metabolomic responses of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to subacute exposure to antimony at environmentally relevant concentrations. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 277:116326. [PMID: 38640800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The available information regarding the impact of antimony (Sb), a novel environmental pollutant, on the intestinal microbiota and host health is limited. In this study, we conducted physiological characterizations to investigate the response of adult zebrafish to different environmental concentrations (0, 30, 300, and 3000 µg/L) of Sb over a period of 14 days. Biochemical and pathological changes demonstrated that Sb effectively compromised the integrity of the intestinal physical barrier and induced inflammatory responses as well as oxidative stress. Analysis of both intestinal microbial community and metabolome revealed that exposure to 0 and 30 µg/L of Sb resulted in similar microbiota structures; however, exposure to 300 µg/L altered microbial communities' composition (e.g., a decline in genus Cetobacterium and an increase in Vibrio). Furthermore, exposure to 300 µg/L significantly decreased levels of bile acids and glycerophospholipids while triggering intestinal inflammation but activating self-protective mechanisms such as antibiotic presence. Notably, even exposure to 30 µg/L of Sb can trigger dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and metabolites, potentially impacting fish health through the "microbiota-intestine-brain axis" and contributing to disease initiation. This study provides valuable insights into toxicity-related information concerning environmental impacts of Sb on aquatic organisms with significant implications for developing management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China; Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Xiangquan Sheng
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Si Dong
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Song Chen
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Yaying Wang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Ao Tang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Renyan Duan
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Zeliang Yang
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China; Hunan Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan 417000, China.
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Li S, Zhuge A, Chen H, Han S, Shen J, Wang K, Xia J, Xia H, Jiang S, Wu Y, Li L. Sedanolide alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal FXR-SMPD3 pathway in mice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00128-0. [PMID: 38582300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease with limited therapy. It is reported that sedanolide exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects as a natural phthalide, but its effects on IBD remain unclear. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the impacts of sedanolide on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS The mice were administered sedanolide or vehicle followed by DSS administration, after which colitis symptoms, inflammation levels, and intestinal barrier function were evaluated. Transcriptome analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and targeted metabolomics analysis of bile acids and lipids were performed. RESULTS Sedanolide protected mice from DSS-induced colitis, suppressed the inflammation, restored the weakened epithelial barrier, and modified the gut microbiota by decreasing bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-expressing bacteria. The downregulation of BSH activity by sedanolide increased the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated bile acids (BAs), thereby inhibiting the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway. The roles of the FXR pathway and gut microbiota were verified using an intestinal FXR-specific agonist (fexaramine) and germ-free mice, respectively. Furthermore, we identified the key effector ceramide, which is regulated by sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3). The protective effects of ceramide (d18:1/16:0) against inflammation and the gut barrier were demonstrated in vitro using the human cell line Caco-2. CONCLUSION Sedanolide could reshape the intestinal flora and influence BA composition, thus inhibiting the FXR-SMPD3 pathway to stimulate the synthesis of ceramide, which ultimately alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice. Overall, our research revealed the protective effects of sedanolide against DSS-induced colitis in mice, which indicated that sedanolide may be a clinical treatment for colitis. Additionally, the key lipid ceramide (d18:1/16:0) was shown to mediate the protective effects of sedanolide, providing new insight into the associations between colitis and lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Aoxiang Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kaicen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiafeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - He Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shiman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Youhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China.
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Zhang L, Miao C, Wang Z, Guan X, Ma Y, Song J, Shen S, Song H, Li M, Liu C. Preparation and characterisation of baicalin magnesium and its protective effect in ulcerative colitis via gut microbiota-bile acid axis modulation. Phytomedicine 2024; 126:155416. [PMID: 38394726 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine that is frequently prescribed for various gastrointestinal conditions, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Its primary active constituent, baicalin, has poorly water solubility that reduces its efficacy. PURPOSE To enhance the aqueous solubility of baicalin by optimising its extraction process. We compared the modulatory effects of isolated water-soluble baicalin and water-insoluble baicalin on UC, and delved deeper into the potential mechanisms of water-soluble baicalin. METHODS We successfully extracted a more hydrophilic baicalin directly from an aqueous S. baicalensis Georgi extract through the process of recrystallisation following alcoholic precipitation of the aqueous extract obtained from S. baicalensis Georgi, eliminating the need for acid additives. This specific form of baicalin was conclusively identified by UV, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. We subsequently compared the regulatory effects of baicalin on UC before and after optimisation, employing 16S rDNA sequencing, bile acid-targeted metabolomics, and transcriptome analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism of water-soluble baicalin; and the key genes and proteins implicated in this mechanism were verified through RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS A new form of baicalin present in the aqueous solution of S. baicalensis Georgi was isolated, and its structural characterisation showed that it was bound to magnesium ions (baicalin magnesium) and exhibited favorable water solubility. Baicalin magnesium offers enhanced therapeutic benefits over baicalin for UC treatment, which alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels while improving intestinal mucosal damage. Further investigation of the mechanism revealed that baicalin magnesium could effectively regulate bile acid metabolism and maintain intestinal microecological balance in UC mice, and suppress the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signalling pathways, thereby playing a therapeutic role. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin magnesium has good water solubility, which solves the bottleneck problem of water insolubility in the practical applications of baicalin. Moreover, baicalin magnesium exhibits therapeutic potential for UC significantly better than baicalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Ceyu Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Xiulu Guan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Yechao Ma
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Shen
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Hongru Song
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China.
| | - Cuizhe Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China.
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Deng S, Ge Y, Zhai Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wu Z. Fructose induces hepatic steatosis in adolescent mice linked to the disorders of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109635. [PMID: 38561080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effects of excessive fructose intake on the development and progression of metabolic disorders have received widespread attention. However, the deleterious effects of fructose on the development of hepatic metabolic disease in adolescents and its potential mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of isocaloric fructose-rich diets on the liver of adolescent mice. The results showed that fructose-rich diets had no effect on the development of obesity in the adolescent mice, but did induce hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, we found that fructose-rich diets promoted hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in adolescent mice, which may be associated with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, our results showed that fructose-rich diets caused disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy dysfunction. Finally, we found that the intestinal barrier function was impaired in the mice fed fructose-rich diets. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that dietary high fructose induces hepatic metabolic disorders in adolescent mice. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for fully understanding the effects of high fructose intake on the development of hepatic metabolic diseases during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Yin H, Gao X, Yang H, Xu Z, Wang X, Wang X, Gao Y, Shi Z, Chen X, Cao L, Zhang C, Wang Z, Hu H, Xiao W. Total alditols from Cistanche deserticola attenuate functional constipation by regulating bile acid metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117420. [PMID: 37967778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Functional constipation (FC), characterized by chronic constipation, significantly impacts physiological function and induces psychological stress in patients. However, current clinical treatment options for FC are currently limited. Cistanche deserticola, a traditional Chinese medicine that promotes intestinal moisture and bowel relaxation, contains cistanche total alditol extract (CTAE) as its primary active extract. However, the production of CTAE, its overall efficacy, and potential mechanisms for treating FC have yet to been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to reveal the overall efficacy and potential mechanism of action of CTAE in rats with FC using a combination of stable preparation, pharmacodynamics, non-targeted metabolomics, bile acid metabolomics, and western blotting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen batches of CTAE underwent quality testing. A rat model of FC was developed using diphenoxylate tablets. The comprehensive pharmacodynamic effects of CTAE on FC were evaluated using fecal characteristics (wet weight, dry weight, and water content), intestinal transmission (colonic EMG amplitude, colonic EMG frequency, propulsion length, and propulsion rate), serum and colon biochemical indicators, distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and pathological examination. Non-targeted metabolomics was performed to assess the changes in endogenous metabolite profiles induced by CTAE. Bile acid metabolomics and western blotting analyses were employed to validate the potential mechanisms of action of CTAE. RESULTS CTAE, with a total content of betaine, mannitol, D-fructose, glucose, and sucrose of (75.67 ± 3.73) %, significantly enhanced intestinal transit, regulated neurotransmitters, increased the expression of c-kit in ICC, and alleviated intestinal inflammation in rats with FC. Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that CTAE significantly alleviated FC-induced metabolic disorders, mainly the biosynthesis of primary bile acids. Targeted metabolomic analysis confirmed that CTAE regulated FC-induced bile acid disorders. Western-blotting results confirmed that CTAE increased the expression of CYP8B1, FGF15, TGR5, and FXR, thereby modulating bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. CONCLUSION CTAE demonstrates significant therapeutic effects on FC, primarily through the regulation of bile acid synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. These findings provide a promising foundation for the development and clinical application of novel CATE-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hao Yang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhongkun Xu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xuening Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yunjia Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziyi Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xialin Chen
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Chenfeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hanfei Hu
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang, 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 211100, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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9
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Yu XH, Lv Z, Zhang CE, Gao Y, Li H, Ma XJ, Ma ZJ, Su JR, Huang LQ. Shengjiang Xiexin decoction mitigates murine Clostridium difficile infection through modulation of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117384. [PMID: 37925000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) as a significant global public health concern. Studies have shown that imbalances in gut microbiota and metabolism play a vital role in the onset of CDI. Shengjiang Xiexin decoction (SJT), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula widely employed in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, demonstrates effectiveness in addressing murine CDI. However, the precise mechanistic role of SJT in CDI treatment remains uncertain, particularly regarding its impact on gut microbiota and intestinal metabolism. Thus, further investigation is imperative to shed light on these mechanisms. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to thoroughly investigate the therapeutic potential of SJT in the treatment of CDI, while also examining its impact on the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. By employing a mouse model, we aspire to uncover novel insights that could pave the way for the development of more effective strategies in combating CDI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a mouse model for CDI and assessed SJT's potential as a therapeutic agent through pharmacological analyses. Our study employed high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA to identify changes in gut microbiota composition and untargeted metabolomics analysis to evaluate SJT's intervention on intestinal metabolism. We also conducted targeted analysis of bile acid metabolism to examine the specific effects of SJT. Finally, the growth-inhibitory effect of SJT on C. difficile was confirmed through ex vivo cultivation of the pathogen using cecal contents, supporting its potential role in treating CDI by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. RESULTS In pharmacological studies, SJT was found to effectively reduce the levels of A&B toxins and alleviate colonic inflammation in CDI mice. Mechanistically, SJT demonstrated a mild increase in the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota. However, its most significant impact was observed in the substantial improvement of the structural composition of the gut microbiota. Specifically, SJT decreased the abundance of gut Polymorphs and Firmicutes while restoring the proportions of family Trichophyton and Bacteroides_S24-7 spp (P < 0.001). Moreover, SJT not only decreased the levels of primary bile acids but also elevated the levels of secondary bile acids. Notably, it enhanced the conversion of taurocholic acid (TCA) to deoxycholic acid (DCA), leading to a balanced bile acid metabolism. Finally, cecal contents of SJT-treated mice showed a significant reduction in the growth of C. difficile, underscoring the therapeutic potential of SJT via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. CONCLUSION SJT demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating CDI in mice by not only effectively combating the infection but also restoring the intricate balance of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Furthermore, promising indications suggest that SJT may have the potential to prevent CDI recurrence. These findings underscore the comprehensive therapeutic value of SJT in managing CDI. Moving forward, we plan to transition from the laboratory to clinical settings to conduct further studies, validating our conclusions on SJT's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ma
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Rong Su
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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10
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Hao J, Zhang J, Wu T. Fucoxanthin extract ameliorates obesity associated with modulation of bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet fed mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:231-242. [PMID: 37831134 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fucoxanthin extract (FX) is a type of carotenoid with a beneficial effect against obesity. The purpose of this study was to explore its precise action mechanism of losing weight. METHODS A high-fat diet induced obesity mouse model was established to study the effects of different doses of FX on C57BL/6J male mice for 12 weeks. Following intervention, serum indices, tissue sections, liver gene expression, and intestinal microorganisms were analyzed. RESULTS FX at low, medium, and high dosages (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 12 weeks was associated with the lower body weight of mice when compared to that of high-fat-diet fed mice. It also improved glucose tolerance as well as serum lipid levels, and reduced fat accumulation. Significant regulation of bile acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota may contribute to the above effects. The bile acids in the FXH group were significantly increased. A low-dose and a medium-dose FX increased the level of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5); a low-dose and high-dose FX increased the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression, and a medium-dose had no effect. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that the Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae contributed to the beneficial effects of FX. CONCLUSION Our study sheds light on mechanisms behind the weight-lowering of FX, and manifested that bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota may be potential therapies. These results support that FX is a valuable candidate for promoting health and alleviating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jinxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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11
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Chen M, Li Y, Li L, Ma Q, Zhou X, Ding F, Mo X, Zhu W, Bian Q, Zou X, Xue F, Yan L, Li X, Chen J. Qi-Zhi-Wei-Tong granules alleviates chronic non-atrophic gastritis in mice by altering the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117304. [PMID: 37838294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, Qi-zhi-wei-tong granule (QZWT) significantly reduced the major gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms of functional dyspepsia. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of QZWT treated chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) and to elucidate its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The composition of QZWT was analysed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The CNAG mice model was established by chronic restraint stress (CRS) in combination with iodoacetamide (IAA). Morphological staining was utilized to reveal the impact of QZWT on stomach and gut integrity. RT‒qPCR and ELISA were used to measure proinflammatory cytokines in the stomach, colon tissues and serum of CNAG mice. Next-generation sequencing of 16 S rDNA was applied to analyse the gut microbiota community of faecal samples. Finally, we investigated the faecal bile acid composition using GC‒MS. RESULTS Twenty-one of the compounds from QZWT were successfully identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. QZWT enhanced gastric and intestinal integrity and suppressed inflammatory responses in CNAG mice. Moreover, QZWT treatment reshaped the gut microbiota structure by increasing the levels of the Akkermansia genus and decreasing the populations of the Desulfovibrio genus in CNAG mice. The alteration of gut microbiota was associated with gut bacteria BA metabolism. In addition, QZWT reduced BAs and especially decreased conjugated BAs in CNAG mice. Spearman's correlation analysis further confirmed the links between the changes in the gut microbiota and CNAG indices. CONCLUSIONS QZWT can effectively inhibited gastrointestinal inflammatory responses of CNAG symptoms in mice; these effects may be closely related to restoring the balance of the gut microbiota and regulating BA metabolism to protect the gastric mucosa. This study provides a scientific reference for the pathogenesis of CNAG and the mechanism of QZWT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fengmin Ding
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Mo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qinglai Bian
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Zou
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China
| | - Feifei Xue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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12
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Gao T, Hu S, Xu W, Wang Z, Guo T, Chen F, Ma Y, Zhu L, Chen F, Wang X, Zhou J, Lv Z, Lu L. Targeted LC-MS/MS profiling of bile acids reveals primary/secondary bile acid ratio as a novel biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:287-297. [PMID: 37938412 PMCID: PMC10758366 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are involved in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which mainly occurs in preterm infants. We aim to identify the change of BAs in preterm infants and validate its potential value in the detection of NEC. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to measure the plasma BAs in healthy preterm infants and patients with NEC. By analyzing the level of BAs in healthy preterm infants, we found that the plasma concentrations of BAs were related to sex, gestational/postnatal age, birth weight, mode of birth, and feeding type after birth. The plasma levels of TCA, GCA, TCDCA, GCDCA, primary BAs, and total BAs and the primary/secondary BA ratio were decreased, while DCA, UDCA, and secondary BAs were increased in NEC. The primary/secondary BA ratio (cutoff point 62.9) can effectively differentiate NEC from healthy preterm infants, with an AUC of 0.9, a sensitivity of 94.5%, and a specificity of 78.1%. Combining the ratio with high-risk factors of NEC can better distinguish between NEC and control, with an AUC of 0.95. Importantly, significantly lower levels of primary/secondary BA ratio were found in infants with surgical NEC than in nonsurgical NEC cases. The cutoff point of 28.7 identified surgical NEC from nonsurgical NEC with sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 100%. Thus, our study identified that the primary/secondary BA ratio in the plasma can differentiate NEC from healthy preterm infants and effectively differentiate the surgical NEC from nonsurgical NEC. Therefore, LC-MS/MS was expected to be a novel measurement platform used to distinguish infants who are most in need of close monitoring or early surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiru Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Faling Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hu L, Wang X, Qian M, Zhang H, Jin Y. Impacts of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio on bile acid and glucolipid metabolism: Upregulation of CYP7A1 expression in HepG2 cells. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 198:105702. [PMID: 38225060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
As an efficient triazole fungicide, prothioconazole (PTC) is widely used for the prevention and control of plant fungal pathogens. It was reported that the residues of PTC and prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d) have been detected in the environment and crops, and the effects of PTC-d may be higher than that of PTC. Currently, PTC and PTC-d have been proven to induce hepatic metabolic disorders. However, their toxic effects on cellular bile acid (BA) and glucolipid metabolism remain unknown. In this study, HepG2 cells were exposed to 1-500 μM of PTC or PTC-d. High concentrations of PTC and PTC-d were found to induce cytotoxicity; thus, subsequent experimental exposure was conducted at concentrations of 10-50 μM. The expression levels of CYP7A1 and TG synthesis-related genes and levels of TG and total BA were observed to increase in HepG2 cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed direct interactions between PTC or PTC-d and CYP7A1 protein. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms, PTC and PTC-d were treated to HepG2 cells in which CYP7A1 expression was knocked down using siCYP7A1. It was observed that PTC and PTC-d affected the BA metabolism process and regulated the glycolipid metabolism process by promoting the expression of CYP7A1. In summary, we comprehensively analyzed the effects and mechanisms of PTC and PTC-d on cellular metabolism in HepG2 cells, providing theoretical data for evaluating the safety and potential risks associated with these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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14
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Deng ZL, Pieper DH, Stallmach A, Steube A, Vital M, Reck M, Wagner-Döbler I. Engraftment of essential functions through multiple fecal microbiota transplants in chronic antibiotic-resistant pouchitis-a case study using metatranscriptomics. Microbiome 2023; 11:269. [PMID: 38037086 PMCID: PMC10691019 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care after total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Around 50% of patients will experience pouchitis, an idiopathic inflammatory condition. Antibiotics are the backbone of treatment of pouchitis; however, antibiotic-resistant pouchitis develops in 5-10% of those patients. It has been shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for UC, but results for FMT antibiotic-resistant pouchitis are inconsistent. METHODS To uncover which metabolic activities were transferred to the recipients during FMT and helped the remission, we performed a longitudinal case study of the gut metatranscriptomes from three patients and their donors. The patients were treated by two to three FMTs, and stool samples were analyzed for up to 140 days. RESULTS Reduced expression in pouchitis patients compared to healthy donors was observed for genes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids, cofactors, and B vitamins. An independent metatranscriptome dataset of UC patients showed a similar result. Other functions including biosynthesis of butyrate, metabolism of bile acids, and tryptophan were also much lower expressed in pouchitis. After FMT, these activities transiently increased, and the overall metatranscriptome profiles closely mirrored those of the respective donors with notable fluctuations during the subsequent weeks. The levels of the clinical marker fecal calprotectin were concordant with the metatranscriptome data. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii represented the most active species contributing to butyrate synthesis via the acetyl-CoA pathway. Remission occurred after the last FMT in all patients and was characterized by a microbiota activity profile distinct from donors in two of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the clear but short-lived activity engraftment of donor microbiota, particularly the butyrate biosynthesis after each FMT. The data suggest that FMT triggers shifts in the activity of patient microbiota towards health which need to be repeated to reach critical thresholds. As a case study, these insights warrant cautious interpretation, and validation in larger cohorts is necessary for generalized applications. In the long run, probiotics with high taxonomic diversity consisting of well characterized strains could replace FMT to avoid the costly screening of donors and the risk of transferring unwanted genetic material. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Luo Deng
- Group Computational Biology for Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Group Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Steube
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Reck
- Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- TÜV Rheinland, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
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Zhang X, Zhao F, Ma T, Zheng Y, Cao J, Li C, Zhu K. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics reveals mechanisms for Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP)-regulated serum metabolic changes in diabetic rats. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100741. [PMID: 37780338 PMCID: PMC10534105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to use metabolomic methods to explore how Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) improved metabolism disorders in the liver of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with spontaneous type 2 diabetes. The results showed that HLP effectively improved the metabolic disorder. Based on KEGG functional analysis, five key biomarkers associated with bile acid metabolism were detected and screened (P < 0.05). The results of serum total bile acid levels and liver damage in diabetic rats further showed the regulatory effects of HLP on bile acid metabolism. The results of bile acid-related gene expression in the liver showed that HLP inhibited liver farnesoid X Receptor - small heterodimer partner (FXR-SHP) signalling and increased the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (P < 0.05). Our results explored the underlying mechanisms by which HLP accelerated cholesterol consumption to anti-hypercholesterolemia and anti-diabetic by inhibiting liver FXR-SHP signaling. HLP's effect on bile acid regulation provides insights into treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanping Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning 571533, China
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Mao Z, Hui H, Zhao X, Xu L, Qi Y, Yin L, Qu L, Han L, Peng J. Protective effects of dioscin against Parkinson's disease via regulating bile acid metabolism through remodeling gut microbiome/GLP-1 signaling. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1153-1167. [PMID: 38024855 PMCID: PMC10657977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to explore potent therapeutic agents via regulating gut microbiota and metabolism to combat Parkinson's disease (PD). Dioscin, a bioactive steroidal saponin, shows various activities. However, its effects and mechanisms against PD are limited. In this study, dioscin dramatically alleviated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and restored the disorders of mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 16 S rDNA sequencing assay demonstrated that dioscin reversed MPTP-induced gut dysbiosis to decrease Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundances of Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides and Lactobacillus genera, which further inhibited bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and blocked bile acid (BA) deconjugation. Fecal microbiome transplantation test showed that the anti-PD effect of dioscin was gut microbiota-dependent. In addition, non-targeted fecal metabolomics assays revealed many differential metabolites in adjusting steroid biosynthesis and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Moreover, targeted bile acid metabolomics assay indicated that dioscin increased the levels of ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and β-muricholic acid in feces and serum. In addition, ursodeoxycholic acid administration markedly improved the protective effects of dioscin against PD in mice. Mechanistic test indicated that dioscin significantly up-regulated the levels of takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), GLP-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and down-regulated NADPH oxidases 2 (NOX2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) levels. Our data indicated that dioscin ameliorated PD phenotype by restoring gut dysbiosis and regulating bile acid-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via targeting GLP-1 signal in MPTP-induced PD mice, suggesting that the compound should be considered as a prebiotic agent to treat PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Haochen Hui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Lan Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Shenyang, 116044, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, China
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Wei J, Chen T, Liu Y, Sun S, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Xiong A, Li L, Wang Z, Yang L. Targeted bile acids metabolomics in cholesterol gallbladder polyps and gallstones: From analytical method development towards application to clinical samples. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1080-1087. [PMID: 37842658 PMCID: PMC10568091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized by the liver from cholesterol through several complementary pathways and aberrant cholesterol metabolism plays pivotal roles in the pathogeneses of cholesterol gallbladder polyps (CGP) and cholesterol gallstones (CGS). To date, there is neither systematic study on BAs profile of CGP or CGS, nor the relationship between them. To explore the metabolomics profile of plasma BAs in healthy volunteers, CGP and CGS patients, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 42 free and conjugated BAs in human plasma. The developed method was sensitive and reproducible to be applied for the quantification of BAs in the investigation of plasma samples. The results show that, compared to healthy volunteers, CGP and CGS were both characterized by the significant decrease in plasma BAs pool size, furthermore CGP and CGS shared aberrant BAs metabolic characteristics. Chenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, λ-muricholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and 7-ketolithocholic acid were shared potential markers of these two cholesterol gallbladder diseases. Subsequent analysis showed that clinical characteristics including cysteine, ornithine and body mass index might be closely related to metabolisms of certain BA modules. This work provides metabolomic information for the study of gallbladder diseases and analytical methodologies for clinical target analysis and efficacy evaluation related to BAs in medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiqing Yuan
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aizhen Xiong
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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18
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Zheng L, Shen J, Han X, Jin C, Chen X, Yao J. High rumen degradable starch diet induced blood bile acids profile changes and hepatic inflammatory response in dairy goats. Anim Nutr 2023; 14:121-129. [PMID: 37808950 PMCID: PMC10556040 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of rumen degradable starch (RDS) on bile acid metabolism and liver transcription in dairy goats using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Eighteen Guanzhong dairy goats of a similar weight and production level (body weight = 45.8 ± 1.54 kg, milk yield = 1.75 ± 0.08 kg, and second parity) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups where they were fed a low RDS (LRDS, RDS = 20.52% DM) diet, medium RDS (MRDS, RDS = 22.15% DM) diet, or high RDS (HRDS, RDS = 24.88% DM) diet, respectively. The goats were fed with the experimental diets for 5 weeks. On the last day of the experiment, all goats were anesthetized, and peripheral blood and liver tissue samples were collected. The peripheral blood samples were used in metabolomic analysis and white blood cell (WBC) count, whereas the liver tissue samples were used in transcriptomic analysis. Based on the metabolomics results, the relative abundances of primary bile acids in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced in the group that was fed the HRDS diet (P < 0.05). The WBC count was significantly increased in the HRDS group compared with that in the LRDS and MRDS groups (P < 0.01), indicating that there was inflammation in the HRDS group. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 4 genes related to bile acid secretion (genes: MDR1, RXRα, AE2, SULT2A1) were significantly downregulated in the HRDS group. In addition, genes related to the immune response were upregulated in the HRDS group, suggesting the HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response mediated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (gene: LBP), activated the Toll-like receptor 4 binding (genes: S100A8, S100A9) and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (genes: LOC106503980, LOC108638497, CD40, LOC102180880, LOC102170970, LOC102175177, LBP, LOC102168903, LOC102185461, LY96 and CXCL8), triggered inflammation and complement responses (genes: C1QB, C1QC, and CFD). The HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response may be mediated by activating the Toll-like receptor 4 binding and NF-kappa B signaling pathway after free LPS entered the liver. The changes of bile acids profile in blood and the down-regulation of 4 key genes (MDR1, RXRα, AE2, SULT2A1) involved in bile secretion in liver are probably related to liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Newhope Dairy Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoying Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunjia Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Long XQ, Liu MZ, Liu ZH, Xia LZ, Lu SP, Xu XP, Wu MH. Bile acids and their receptors: Potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4252-4270. [PMID: 37545642 PMCID: PMC10401658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a complex interplay between genetics and intestinal dysbiosis are called inflammatory bowel disease. As a result of the interaction between the liver and the gut microbiota, bile acids are an atypical class of steroids produced in mammals and traditionally known for their function in food absorption. With the development of genomics and metabolomics, more and more data suggest that the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease are regulated by bile acids and their receptors. Bile acids operate as signalling molecules by activating a variety of bile acid receptors that impact intestinal flora, epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immunology. Inflammatory bowel disease can be treated in new ways by using these potential molecules. This paper mainly discusses the increasing function of bile acids and their receptors in inflammatory bowel disease and their prospective therapeutic applications. In addition, we explore bile acid metabolism and the interaction of bile acids and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Quan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zi-Hao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lv-Zhou Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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20
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Ying Z, van Eenige R, Ge X, van Marwijk C, Lambooij JM, Guigas B, Giera M, de Boer JF, Coskun T, Qu H, Wang Y, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Combined GIP receptor and GLP1 receptor agonism attenuates NAFLD in male APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104684. [PMID: 37379656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonism is superior to single GLP1R agonism with respect to glycemic control and weight loss in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes. As insulin resistance and obesity are strong risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in the current study we investigated the effects of combined GIPR/GLP1R agonism on NAFLD development. METHODS Male APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice, a humanized model for diabetic dyslipidemia and NAFLD when fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet, received subcutaneous injections with either vehicle, a GIPR agonist, a GLP1R agonist, or both agonists combined every other day. FINDINGS GIPR and GLP1R agonism reduced body weight and additively lowered fasting plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Strikingly, we report an additive reduction in hepatic steatosis as evidenced by lower hepatic lipid content and NAFLD scores. Underlying the lipid-lowering effects were a reduced food intake and intestinal lipid absorption and an increased uptake of glucose and triglyceride-derived fatty acids by energy-combusting brown adipose tissue. Combined GIPR/GLP1R agonism also attenuated hepatic inflammation as evidenced by a decreased number of monocyte-derived Kupffer cells and a reduced expression of inflammatory markers. Together, the reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation coincided with lowered markers of liver injury. INTERPRETATION We interpretate that GIPR and GLP1R agonism additively attenuate hepatic steatosis, lower hepatic inflammation, ameliorate liver injury, together preventing NAFLD development in humanized APOE∗3-Leiden.CETP mice. We anticipate that combined GIPR/GLP1R agonism is a promising strategy to attenuate NAFLD progression in humans. FUNDING This work was supported by a grant from the Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: the Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centers, the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences [CVON-GENIUS-II] to P.C.N.R., a Lilly Research Award Program [LRAP] Award to P.C.N.R. and S.K., a Dutch Heart Foundation [2017T016] grant to S.K., and an NWO-VENI grant [09150161910073] to M.R.B.; J.F.D.B. is supported by the Nutrition and Health initiative of the University of Groningen; Z.Y. is supported by a full-time PhD scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (201806850094 to Z.Y.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Ying
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robin van Eenige
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoke Ge
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christy van Marwijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joost M Lambooij
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- The Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrine, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrine, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yanan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Med-X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases and Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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21
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Wang Z, Zang L, Ren W, Guo H, Sheng N, Zhou X, Guo Y, Dai J. Bile acid metabolism disorder mediates hepatotoxicity of Nafion by-product 2 and perfluorooctane sulfonate in male PPARα-KO mice. Sci Total Environ 2023; 876:162579. [PMID: 36870486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Nafion by-product 2 (H-PFMO2OSA) induce hepatotoxicity in male mice via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway; however, accumulating evidence suggests that PPARα-independent pathways also play a vital role in hepatotoxicity after exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Thus, to assess the hepatotoxicity of PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA more comprehensively, adult male wild-type (WT) and PPARα knockout (PPARα-KO) mice were exposed to PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA (1 or 5 mg/kg/d) for 28 d via oral gavage. Results showed that although elevations in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were alleviated in PPARα-KO mice, liver injury, including liver enlargement and necrosis, was still observed after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA exposure. Liver transcriptome analysis identified fewer differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the PPARα-KO mice than in the WT mice, but more DEGs associated with the bile acid secretion pathway after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA treatment. Total bile acid content in the liver was increased in the 1 and 5 mg/kg/d PFOS-exposed and 5 mg/kg/d H-PFMO2OSA-exposed PPARα-KO mice. Furthermore, in PPARα-KO mice, proteins showing changes in transcription and translation levels after PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA exposure were involved in the synthesis, transportation, reabsorption, and excretion of bile acids. Thus, exposure to PFOS and H-PFMO2OSA in male PPARα-KO mice may disturb bile acid metabolism, which is not under the control of PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu Zang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanlan Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
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22
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Ahmad F, Saha P, Singh V, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Nath Mishra B, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Diet as a modifiable factor in tumorigenesis: Focus on microbiome-derived bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 410:135320. [PMID: 36610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences have implicated the resident microbiome as a key factor in the modulation of host physiology and pathophysiology; including the resistance to cancers. Gut microbiome heavily influences host lipid homeostasis by their modulatory effects on the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Microbiota-derived BA metabolites such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are implicated in the pathogeneses of various cancer types. The pathogenic mechanisms are multimodal in nature, with widespread influences on the host immunes system, cell survival and growth signalling and DNA damage. On the other hand, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the resident microbial activity on indigestible dietary fibres as well as during intermittent fasting regimens (such as the Ramazan fasting) elicit upregulation of the beneficial anti-inflammatory and anticancer pathways in the host. The present review first provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-derived lipid metabolites in promotion of tumour development. The authors then discuss the potential of diet as a therapeutic route for beneficial alteration of microbiota and the consequent changes in the production of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in relation to the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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23
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Fan Y, Qian H, Zhang M, Tao C, Li Z, Yan W, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Wang X, Wade PA, Xia Y, Qin Y, Lu C. Caloric restriction remodels the hepatic chromatin landscape and bile acid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota. Genome Biol 2023; 24:98. [PMID: 37122023 PMCID: PMC10150505 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR) has been known to promote health by reprogramming metabolism, yet little is known about how the epigenome and microbiome respond during metabolic adaptation to CR. RESULTS We investigate chromatin modifications, gene expression, as well as alterations in microbiota in a CR mouse model. Collectively, short-term CR leads to altered gut microbial diversity and bile acid metabolism, improving energy expenditure. CR remodels the hepatic enhancer landscape at genomic loci that are enriched for binding sites for signal-responsive transcription factors, including HNF4α. These alterations reflect a dramatic reprogramming of the liver transcriptional network, including genes involved in bile acid metabolism. Transferring CR gut microbiota into mice fed with an obesogenic diet recapitulates the features of CR-related bile acid metabolism along with attenuated fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CR-induced microbiota shapes the hepatic epigenome followed by altered expression of genes responsible for bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Paul A. Wade
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
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Kastrinou Lampou V, Poller B, Huth F, Fischer A, Kullak-Ublick GA, Arand M, Schadt HS, Camenisch G. Novel insights into bile acid detoxification via CYP, UGT and SULT enzymes. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 87:105533. [PMID: 36473578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is a complex and precisely regulated process to prevent impaired BA flow and the development of cholestasis. Several reactions, namely hydroxylation, glucuronidation and sulfation are involved in BA detoxification. In the present study, we employed a comprehensive approach to identify the key enzymes involved in BA metabolism using human recombinant enzymes, human liver microsomes (HLM) and human liver cytosol (HLC). We showed that CYP3A4 was a crucial step for the metabolism of several BAs and their taurine and glycine conjugated forms and quantitatively described their metabolites. Glucuronidation and sulfation were also identified as important drivers of the BA detoxification process in humans. Moreover, lithocholic acid (LCA), the most hydrophobic BA with the highest toxicity potential, was a substrate for all investigated processes, demonstrating the importance of hepatic metabolism for its clearance. Collectively, this study identified CYP3A4, UGT1A3, UGT2B7 and SULT2A1 as the major contributing (metabolic) processes in the BA detoxification network. Inhibition of these enzymes by drug candidates is therefore considered as a critical mechanism in the manifestation of drug-induced cholestasis in humans and should be addressed during the pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasia Kastrinou Lampou
- Department of Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birk Poller
- Department of Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Huth
- Department of Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Fischer
- Department of Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Mechanistic Safety, CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heiko S Schadt
- Department of Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gian Camenisch
- Department of Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Verzijl CRC, van de Peppel IP, Eilers RE, Bloks VW, Wolters JC, Koehorst M, Kloosterhuis NJ, Havinga R, Jalving M, Struik D, Jonker JW. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling disrupts bile acid metabolism through loss of Shp and enhanced Cyp7a1 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114270. [PMID: 36680812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS-MAPK signaling pathway is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in human cancer. Small molecule inhibitors directed against this pathway have clinical activity in patients with various cancer types and can improve patient outcomes. However, the use of these drugs is associated with adverse effects, which can result in dose reduction or treatment interruption. A better molecular understanding of on-target, off-tumor effects may improve toxicity management. In the present study, we aimed to identify early initiating biological changes in the liver upon pharmacological inhibition of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. To this end, we tested the effect of MEK inhibitor PD0325901 using mice and human hepatocyte cell lines. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with either vehicle or PD0325901 for six days, followed by transcriptome analysis of the liver and phenotypic characterization. Pharmacological MEK inhibition altered the expression of 423 genes, of which 78 were upregulated and 345 were downregulated. We identified Shp, a transcriptional repressor, and Cyp7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme in converting cholesterol to bile acids, as the top differentially expressed genes. PD0325901 treatment also affected other genes involved in bile acid regulation, which was associated with changes in the composition of plasma bile acids and composition and total levels of fecal bile acids and elevated predictive biomarkers of early liver toxicity. In conclusion, short-term pharmacological MEK inhibition results in profound changes in bile acid metabolism, which may explain some of the clinical adverse effects of pharmacological inhibition of the RAS-MAPK pathway, including gastrointestinal complications and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristy R C Verzijl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P van de Peppel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roos E Eilers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Jalving
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky Struik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Deng H, Chen A, Chai L. Lead and copper led to the dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis by impairing intestinal absorption in Bufo gargarizans larvae: An integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics approach. Sci Total Environ 2023; 855:159031. [PMID: 36170915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids, as metabolic regulators and signaling molecules, play key roles in the regulation of host metabolism and immune responses. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) are widespread environmental pollutants that threaten public health. However, the effects of heavy metals on bile acid metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, particularly for ecologically important amphibian species. In the present research, the effects of exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of Pb (250 μg/L), Cu (50 μg/L), and a mixture of both (Mix) on bile acid metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms in the intestines of Bufo gargarizans larvae were comprehensively investigated using histopathology, metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. Our results suggested that Pb and/or Cu caused histopathological damage to the intestine and liver, such as decreased intestinal epithelial cell height and dilated hepatic sinusoid. The total bile acid level was decreased in the Pb and Mix exposure groups but elevated in the Cu treatment. A significant decrease in the ratio of conjugated to unconjugated bile acids was present in all treatment groups. Also, the level of GCA was increased while TCA and TCDCA were decreased in all exposure groups. In addition, exposure to Pb and Cu altered the expression levels of genes related to intestinal absorption. For example, mrp2, mrp3 and aqp4 had higher expression in the Pb and Mix treatment groups, and aqp1 and mrp4 were increased in the Cu treatment group. Overall, we speculated that the dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis induced by Pb and Cu exposure may be due to impaired intestinal absorption. These findings raise further concerns about the hazards of Pb and/or Cu in influencing bile acid metabolism that might lead to the development of metabolic diseases and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Siliang Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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27
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Zhang H, Guan W, Li L, Guo D, Zhang X, Guan J, Luo R, Zheng S, Fu J, Cheng Y, He Q. Dietary carbon loaded with nano-ZnO alters the gut microbiota community to mediate bile acid metabolism and potentiate intestinal immune function in fattening beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:425. [PMID: 36474293 PMCID: PMC9724290 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, carbon loaded with nano-ZnO (NZnOC) represents a new nutritional additive for the animal husbandry industry. However, the mechanism by which NZnOC mediates beef cattle growth and intestinal health is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbon loaded with nano-ZnO (NZnOC) supplementation on growth performance, gut microbiota, bile acid (BAs) metabolism and intestinal immunity in fattening cattle. Twenty cattle (16 ± 0.95 months) were randomly assigned to two dietary groups: CON (control, without feed additive) and NZnOC (diet supplemented with 80 mg NZnOC/kg diet dry matter basic) for 60 d. The colon digesta microbiota composition and BAs concentration were determined by microbiota metagenomics and gas chromatography methods, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the NZnOC-supplemented cattle had greater final weight, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than those in the CON group. Cattle fed the NZnOC diet had a higher relative abundance of the secondary BAs synthesizing phyla Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Actinobacteria than those fed the CON diet. Dietary supplementation with NZnOC increased the relative abundance of the secondary BAs synthesis microbiota genera Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, and Brevibacillus in colon digesta. Cattle fed the NZnOC diet had increased activities of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC: 1.1.1.52) and bile acid-CoA ligase BaiB (EC: 6.2.1.7) in the colon digesta compared with those fed the CON diet. The primary BAs taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholate acid were significantly decreased by dietary NZnOC supplementation, while the secondary BAs deoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, beta-muricholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were significantly increased. Dietary supplementation with NZnOC increased the mRNA abundance of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1, protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein 1 and interleukin (IL)-10 in the colon mucosa of cattle, while the mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS In summary, dietary supplementation with NZnOC can facilitate the growth performance and intestinal immune function of cattle by improving BAs metabolism. NZnOC can be supplemented in the diet as a safe regulator of gut microbiota and as a feed additive in the ruminants industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Weikun Guan
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Lizhi Li
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- grid.458441.80000 0000 9339 5152Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Sichuan, 625014 Chengdu China
| | - Jiuqiang Guan
- grid.458441.80000 0000 9339 5152Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Sichuan, 625014 Chengdu China
| | - Runxiao Luo
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Siying Zheng
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Jiangwen Fu
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- grid.449868.f0000 0000 9798 3808Institute of College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yi Chun, 336000 China
| | - Qin He
- grid.488213.40000 0004 1759 3260College of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, 330032 China
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Liu Y, Azad MAK, Zhang W, Xiong L, Blachier F, Yu Z, Kong X. Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:117. [PMID: 36320049 PMCID: PMC9628178 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with severely impaired nutrient metabolism and intestinal development of pigs. Our previous study found that IUGR altered intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the colon. However, the consequences of IUGR on bile acid metabolism in pigs remained unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the bile acid metabolism in the liver and the profile of bile acid derivatives in the colon of growing pigs with IUGR using bile acid targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we determined correlations between colonic microbiota composition and metabolites of IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) pigs at different growth stages that were 7, 21, and 28-day-old, and the average body weight (BW) of 25, 50, and 100 kg of the NBW pigs. RESULTS The results showed that the plasma total bile acid concentration was higher (P < 0.05) at the 25 kg BW stage and tended to increase (P = 0.08) at 28-day-old in IUGR pigs. The hepatic gene expressions related to bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and NTCP) were up-regulated (P < 0.05), and the genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism (ATGL, HSL, and PC) were down-regulated (P < 0.05) at the 25 kg BW stage in IUGR pigs when compared with the NBW group. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that 29 bile acids and related compounds were detected in the colon of pigs. The colonic concentrations of dehydrolithocholic acid and apocholic acid were increased (P < 0.05), while isodeoxycholic acid and 6,7-diketolithocholic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) in IUGR pigs, when compared with the NBW pigs at the 25 kg BW stage. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that colonic Unclassified_[Mogibacteriaceae], Lachnospira, and Slackia abundances were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with dehydrolithocholic acid, as well as the Unclassified_Clostridiaceae abundance with 6,7-diketolithocholic acid at the 25 kg BW stage. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IUGR could affect bile acid and glucolipid metabolism in growing pigs, especially at the 25 kg BW stage, these effects being paralleled by a modification of bile acid derivatives concentrations in the colonic content. The plausible links between these modified parameters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Wanghong Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Liang Xiong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Francois Blachier
- grid.507621.7UMR PNCA, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 75005 AgroParisTechParis, France
| | - Zugong Yu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
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Yang K, Zhang P, Lv T, Wu J, Liu Q. Acupuncture at Taichong and Zusanli points exerts hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats by metabolomic analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1207:123352. [PMID: 35841734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of hypertension affects several target organs, the kidneys being one of them. Acupuncture has been used to treat hypertension for a long time. Several mechanisms of acupuncture on hypotensive effect have been reveled, while the effects of acupuncture on the alterations in renal cortex from a metabolomic perspective are still unclear. METHODS Twelve male Wistar rats served as the control group (Wistar Group). Twenty-four male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into two groups: the model group (SHR Group) and the acupuncture group (AC Group). In the AC Group, milli-needle acupuncture was used to puncture the bilateral Taichong (LR3) and Zusanli (ST36) points. Blood pressure values were measured weekly and the rats were euthanized after three weeks. Renal cortical tissues were collected for non-targeted and targeted metabolomic analyses. RESULTS Acupuncture reduced blood pressure values in rats (Compared with the SHR Group, P < 0.001). Thirteen metabolites with significant differences and three metabolic pathways were screened by untargeted metabolomics. The SHR Group was compared with the Wistar Group and AC Group both involving metabolites and pathways related to bile acid metabolism. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics quantification of four bile acids, Cholic acid (CA), Allocholic acid (ACA), Deoxycholic acid (DCA) and Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), revealed that all bile acid concentrations were relatively high in the SHR Group, except for ACA. CONCLUSION This study indicate that abnormal bile acid metabolism may be an independent risk factor the development of hypertension. Acupuncture at Taichong and at Zusanli points effectively modulated bile acids metabolism in SHR renal cortex tissues to exert a hypotensive effect, and CA may be able to be a new target for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Yang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pingna Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Taotao Lv
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaojuan Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qingguo Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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Zhong W, Zhu J, Yi J, Zhao C, Shi Y, Kang Q, Huang J, Hao L, Lu J. Biochemical analysis reveals the systematic response of motion sickness mice to ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract's amelioration effect. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 290:115077. [PMID: 35131339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a common medicinal and edible plant, Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is often used for the prevention of motion sickness. However, the mechanism of its anti-motion sickness remains to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore novel treatment for motion sickness with less side effects, anti-motion sickness effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract (GE) and the possible molecular mechanisms were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-motion sickness effect of ginger was evaluated through mice animal experimental models. Components of ginger that might contribute to the anti-motion sickness effect were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Subsequently, biochemical analysis integrated with serum metabolomic profiling were performed to reveal the systematic response of motion sickness mice to ginger extract's amelioration effect. RESULTS Exhaustive swimming time of mice in the GE group reached 8.9 min, which was 52.2% longer than that in the model group. Motion sickness index scores and time taken traversing balance beam of mice in the GE group were decreased by 53.2% and 38.5%, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis suggested that various active ingredients in GE, such as gingerol, ginger oil and terpenoids, might contribute to its appealing anti-motion sickness activity. Biochemical analysis revealed that GE can relieve motion sickness through reducing histamine and acetylcholine release in vestibular system, regulating fatty acid oxidation, sugar metabolism and bile acid metabolism in mice. CONCLUSION Gavage of mice with GE can effectively relieve the symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, improve the balance and coordination ability and ameliorate the ability to complete complex work after rotation stimulation. GE has attractive potential for development and utilization as novel anti-motion sickness food or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanling Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Abstract
Since the discovery of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 over 20 years ago, our understanding of the peptide and its role in human biology has moved forward significantly. A member of a superfamily of paracrine growth factors regulating embryonic development, FGF19 is unique in that it is a dietary-responsive endocrine hormone linked with bile acid homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and protein synthesis during the fed to fasted state. FGF19 achieves this through targeting multiple tissues and signaling pathways within those tissues. The diverse functional capabilities of FGF19 is due to the unique structural characteristics of the protein and its receptor binding in various cell types. This review will cover the current literature on the protein FGF19, its target receptors, and the biological pathways they target through unique signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Guthrie
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Caitlin Vonderohe
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Douglas Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.
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32
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Ge YP, Chen WL, Sun M, Zhang L, Liu WB, Li XF. Molecular characterization of farnesoid X receptor alpha in Megalobrama amblycephala and its potential roles in high-carbohydrate diet-induced alterations of bile acid metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 219:106065. [PMID: 35091085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptorα (FXRα) plays a central role in maintaining the bile acid homeostasis in mammals, while relevant processes are still poorly interpreted in aquatic species. This study was conducted to characterize the fxrα gene in a cyprinidae species: blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), and investigate its potential roles in bile acid metabolism. The Fxrα protein contains one DNA binding domain, one ligand binding domain, one His-Try "switch" and two modifies residues. A high degree of conservation (53.18-100.00 %) was observed in the Fxrα protein among most aquatic species and higher vertebrates. The transcription of fxrα was mainly observed in intestine, liver and kidney. Then fish (35.0 ± 0.15 g) were fed two diets containing 33 % and 45 % carbohydrate levels for 12weeks. High-carbohydrate diet significantly elevated the total cholesterol concentrations in plasma, liver and hindgut as well as the triglyceride concentrations in both liver and hindgut, but decreased the total bile acid concentrations in plasma, liver and hindgut. High dietary carbohydrate levels also significantly enhanced hepatic transcriptions of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis), and those of fxrα (a bile acid receptor) and multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (a bile acid transporter) in hindgut. Furthermore, high dietary carbohydrate levels significantly decreased the transcriptions of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (a bile acid transporter) in liver as well as that of takeda G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor in hindgut. The results demonstrated that the fxrα gene of blunt snout bream is highly conserved compared with other vertebrates. Besides, high dietary carbohydrate levels increased total cholesterol concentrations, and up-regulated the transcription of fxrα, thus decreasing the biosynthesis and reabsorption of bile acids by mediating various target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Peng S, Song Z, Wang C, Liang D, Wan X, Liu Z, Lu A, Ning Z. Frankincense vinegar-processing improves the absorption of boswellic acids by regulating bile acid metabolism. Phytomedicine 2022; 98:153931. [PMID: 35104761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boswellic acids in Olibanum (known as frankincense) are potent anti-inflammatory properties in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its low bioavailability limited drug development. Evidence accumulated that vinegar processing of frankincense exerts positive effects on improving absorption of compositions. The underlying mechanism is unknown. In recent decades, spectacular growth and multidisciplinary integration of metabolic application were witnessed. The relationship between drug absorption and curative effect has been more or less established. However, it remains a knowledge gap in the field between drug absorption and endocrine metabolism. PURPOSE To investigate the enhancement mechanism of vinegar processing in the absorption of boswellic acids via the aspect of bile acid metabolism. METHODS The effects of raw frankincense (RF) and processed frankincense (PF) were compared by the UC model of rats. The plasma concentration of boswellic acids and the hepatic and colonic bile acids contents were quantified by UPLC-TQ-MS. The levels of mRNA and protein associated with bile acid metabolism were also compared. RESULTS The results showed that PF exhibited re-markable mitigating effects on UC with the elevated plasma level of boswellic acid and upregulated expression of the absorption-related protein multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) in the liver and colon. It improved colonic lithocholic acid (LCA), which promoted the expression of bile acid nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), resulting in the upregulation of MRP2 and OATP1B3. CONCLUSION This paper revealed the mechanisms behind the absorption promotion effects of processing. Bile acids metabolism exhibits potential status in pharmaceutical development. The results shed light on the interdisciplinary collaboration between the metabolism and drug absorption fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Peng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chun Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dongrui Liang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoying Wan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 00825, China.
| | - Zhangchi Ning
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.
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Wang S, Sheng F, Zou L, Xiao J, Li P. Hyperoside attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via cholesterol metabolism and bile acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2022; 34:109-122. [PMID: 35024184 PMCID: PMC8655136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from increased hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) accumulation. In our previous study, we found that rats treated with hyperoside became resistant to hepatic lipid accumulation. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of hyperoside on the lipid accumulation in the liver tissues of the NAFLD rats. Methods Label-free proteomics and metabolomics targeting at bile acid (BA) metabolism were applied to disclose the mechanisms for hyperoside reducing hepatic lipid accumulation among the NAFLD rats. Results In response to hyperoside treatment, several proteins related to the fatty acid degradation pathway, cholesterol metabolism pathway, and bile secretion pathway were altered, including ECI1, Acnat2, ApoE, and BSEP, etc. The expression of nuclear receptors (NRs), including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor α (LXRα), were increased in hyperoside-treated rats' liver tissue, accompanied by decreased protein expression of catalyzing enzymes in the hepatic de novo lipogenesis and increased protein level of enzymes in the classical and alternative BA synthetic pathway. Liver conjugated BAs were less toxic and more hydrophilic than unconjugated BAs. The BA-targeted metabolomics suggest that hyperoside could decrease the levels of liver unconjugated BAs and increase the levels of liver conjugated BAs. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that hyperoside could improve the condition of NAFLD by regulating the cholesterol metabolism as well as BAs metabolism and excretion. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which hyperoside lowers the cholesterol and triglyceride in NAFLD rats.
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Key Words
- ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- BAs, bile acids
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bile acid metabolism
- CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Cholesterol metabolism
- FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Hyperoside
- LC-MS, the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
- LXRα, liver X receptor α
- Label-free proteomics
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- QC, quality control
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
- SREBPs, sterol regulatory element binding proteins
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TGR5, Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- Targeted metabolomics
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WB, Western blot
- pACC, phosphorylated ACC
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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Jiang B, Yuan G, Wu J, Wu Q, Li L, Jiang P. Prevotella copri ameliorates cholestasis and liver fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis by enhancing the FXR signalling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166320. [PMID: 34896545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by bile duct inflammation, fibrosis, bile acid (BA) metabolism disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis. At present, the aetiology and pathogenesis of PSC are not clear, and there is no specific or effective treatment available. Therefore, new research perspectives are needed to explore effective methods to treat PSC and improve symptoms. The intestinal microbiota of patients with PSC is known to be significantly different from that of healthy people. By comparing differentially abundant bacterial genera in PSC patients, it was found that the abundance of Prevotella copri (P. copri) was significantly decreased, suggesting that this species may have a protective effect against PSC disease. Therefore, comprehensively exploring the role and possible function of P. copri in the disease process is worthwhile. In this study, a PSC mouse model was established by feeding mice a customized diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) for one week, and the abundance of P. copri was confirmed to be decreased in this model. Previous studies in patients and animal models have demonstrated that gut microbiota intervention is an acceptable treatment for some diseases. We found that intervention with P. copri could significantly improve cholestasis and liver fibrosis by enhancing the FXR-related signalling pathway in PSC mice. Together, through the overall effect of P. copri on intestinal microbiota structure and its association with BAs, we speculate that P. copri intervention might be as potential biological treatment of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorong Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical, University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Gehui Yuan
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical, University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical, University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical, University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical, University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical, University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
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Zhou E, Hoeke G, Li Z, Eibergen AC, Schonk AW, Koehorst M, Boverhof R, Havinga R, Kuipers F, Coskun T, Boon MR, Groen AK, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Wang Y. Colesevelam enhances the beneficial effects of brown fat activation on hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis development. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1710-1720. [PMID: 31589318 PMCID: PMC7643538 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Brown fat activation accelerates the uptake of cholesterol-enriched remnants by the liver and thereby lowers plasma cholesterol, consequently protecting against atherosclerosis development. Hepatic cholesterol is then converted into bile acids (BAs) that are secreted into the intestine and largely maintained within the enterohepatic circulation. We now aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged brown fat activation combined with inhibition of intestinal BA reabsorption on plasma cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis development. Methods and results APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice with humanized lipoprotein metabolism were treated for 9 weeks with the selective β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist CL316,243 to substantially activate brown fat. Prolonged β3-AR agonism reduced faecal BA excretion (−31%), while markedly increasing plasma levels of total BAs (+258%), cholic acid-derived BAs (+295%), and chenodeoxycholic acid-derived BAs (+217%), and decreasing the expression of hepatic genes involved in BA production. In subsequent experiments, mice were additionally treated with the BA sequestrant Colesevelam to inhibit BA reabsorption. Concomitant intestinal BA sequestration increased faecal BA excretion, normalized plasma BA levels, and reduced hepatic cholesterol. Moreover, concomitant BA sequestration further reduced plasma total cholesterol (−49%) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−56%), tended to further attenuate atherosclerotic lesion area (−54%). Concomitant BA sequestration further increased the proportion of lesion-free valves (+34%) and decreased the relative macrophage area within the lesion (−26%), thereby further increasing the plaque stability index (+44%). Conclusion BA sequestration prevents the marked accumulation of plasma BAs as induced by prolonged brown fat activation, thereby further improving cholesterol metabolism and reducing atherosclerosis development. These data suggest that combining brown fat activation with BA sequestration is a promising new therapeutic strategy to reduce hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geerte Hoeke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur C Eibergen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amber W Schonk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Boverhof
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrine, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Meng F, Zong W, Wei X, Tao Y, Wang G, Liao Z, Chen M. Dolomiaea souliei ethyl acetate extract protected against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis through regulation of farnesoid x receptor-mediated bile acid metabolism. Phytomedicine 2021; 87:153588. [PMID: 34091148 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is characterized by accumulation of bile components in liver and systemic circulation. Restoration of bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid x receptor (FXR) is a promising strategy for the treatment of cholestasis. FXR-SHP (small heterodimer partner) axis plays an important role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis. PURPOSE To investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) C.Shih (D. souliei) and clarify its underlying mechanism against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS ANIT-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were employed to investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of D. souliei ethyl acetate extract (DSE). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used as positive control. Bile flow and blood biochemical parameters were measured. Liver histopathological examination was conducted via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the protein levels related to bile acids metabolism and inflammation. The interactions between FXR and costunolide or dehydrocostus lactone, were conducted by molecular docking experiments. The effect of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and FXR expression were also evaluated using guggulsterone-induced L02 cells. RESULTS DSE could promote bile excretions and protect against ANIT-induced liver damage in cholestasis rats. Protein levels of FXR, SHP, Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) were increased and the expressions of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) were decreased by DSE. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also significantly increased, and the pro-inflammatory factor, interleukin-10 (IL-10), was significantly decreased in rats of DSE groups. Molecular docking revealed that costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone could be well docked into the FXR protein molecule, and hydrophobic interactions played the main function. Costunolide could reverse the increased AST and ALT levels and increase the FXR expression in guggulsterone-induced L02 cells. CONCLUSION DSE had an anti-cholestasis effect by activating FXR-SHP axis, inhibiting synthesis of bile acid, and increasing bile secretion, together with inflammatory response and improving liver injury. Costunolide may be the main active component. This study provided a potential therapeutic mechanism for D. souliei as an anti-cholestasis medicine in the treatment of cholestasis liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- FanCheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - XiaoDong Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - YunYi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - GuoWei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - ZhiHua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.
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Teramoto T, Nishio T, Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Kakuta Y. The crystal structure of mouse SULT2A8 reveals the mechanism of 7α-hydroxyl, bile acid sulfation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:15-20. [PMID: 34030040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids play essential roles in facilitating the intestinal absorption of lipophilic nutrients as well as regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis via activation of some receptors. Bile acids are cytotoxic, and consequently their concentrations are tightly controlled. A critical pathway for bile acid elimination and detoxification is sulfation. The pattern of bile acid sulfation differs by species. Sulfation preferentially occurs at the 3α-OH of bile acids in humans, but at the 7α-OH in mice. A recent study identified mouse cytosolic sulfotransferase 2A8 (mSULT2A8) as the major hepatic 7α-hydroxyl bile acid-sulfating enzyme. To elucidate the 7α-OH specific sulfation mechanism of mSULT2A8, instead of 3α-OH specific sulfation in humans, we determined a crystal structure of mSULT2A8 in complex with cholic acid, a major bile acid, and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate, the sulfate donor product. Our study shows that bile acid-binding mode of mSULT2A8 and how the enzyme holds the 7α-OH group of bile acids at the catalytic center, revealing that the mechanism underlying 7α-OH specific sulfation. The structure shows the substrate binds to mSULT2A8 in an orientation perpendicular to that of human 3α-hydroxyl bile acid-sulfotransferase (hSULT2A1). The structure of the complex provides new insight into species different bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Teramoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeaki Nishio
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Aviram
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Manella
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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Feng D, Chen B, Zeng B, Xiao L, Yan J, Yang T, Zhu J, Li T, Wang L, Wei H, Chen J. Fecal microbiota from children with vitamin A deficiency impair colonic barrier function in germ-free mice: The possible role of alterative bile acid metabolites. Nutrition 2021; 90:111274. [PMID: 34004414 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the effects of fecal microbiota from children with vitamin A (VA) deficiency on colonic mucosal barrier function. METHODS The composition of gut microbes was identified in children with different VA levels, then feces from children with normal VA or VA deficiency was collected separately and transplanted into germ-free (GF) mice, respectively. Three weeks after transplantation, the colon morphology, colonic tight junction proteins, gut microbes, and metabolites were evaluated. RESULTS In children, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were positively correlated with VA levels. Colonization of VA deficiency fecal microbiota markedly impaired colonic development in GF mice, down-regulated colonic tight junction-related proteins occludin and claudin-1, and reduced immunoglobulin A secretion. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation with different VA levels altered composition of gut microbes and bile acid metabolism pathways in GF mice. CONCLUSION These data suggest that fecal microbiota from children with VA deficiency attenuates colonic barrier function in GF mice, which may be achieved by changing the bile acid metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Baolin Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyan Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Laboratory Animal Department, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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Liu J, Tan Y, Ao H, Feng W, Peng C. Aqueous extracts of Aconite promote thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Chin Med 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33741035 PMCID: PMC7980327 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent or prolonged exposure to severe cold stress disturbs energy homeostasis and can lead to hypothermia, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. As the typical “hot” traditional Chinese medicine, Aconite has been widely used to treat cold-associated diseases for thousands of years, but its critical mechanisms for the promotion of thermogenesis are not fully resolved. Gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether the aqueous extracts of Aconite (AA) can enhance thermogenesis through modulation of the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in hypothermic rats. Methods The therapeutic effects of AA on body temperature, energy intake, and the histopathology of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue of hypothermic rats were assessed. Microbiota analysis based on 16 S rRNA and targeted metabolomics for bile acids (BAs) were used to evaluate the composition of gut microbiota and BAs pool. The antibiotic cocktail treatment was adopted to further confirm the relationship between the gut microbiota and the thermogenesis-promoting effects of AA. Results Our results showed a sharp drop in rectal temperature and body surface temperature in hypothermic rats. Administration of AA can significantly increase core body temperature, surface body temperature, energy intake, browning of white adipose tissue, and thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Importantly, these ameliorative effects of AA were accompanied by the shift of the disturbed composition of gut microbiota toward a healthier profile and the increased levels of BAs. In addition, the depletion of gut microbiota and the reduction of BAs caused by antibiotic cocktails reduced the thermogenesis-promoting effect of AA. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AA promoted thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and BAs metabolism. Our findings can also provide a novel solution for the treatment of thermogenesis-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hui Ao
- National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Yu Z, Shi Z, Zheng Z, Han J, Yang W, Lu R, Lin W, Zheng Y, Nie D, Chen G. DEHP induce cholesterol imbalance via disturbing bile acid metabolism by altering the composition of gut microbiota in rats. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127959. [PMID: 32814133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widespread environmental contaminants worldwide because of its massive production, extensive use in common products, and liability to leach from products. This study investigated the mechanisms of DEHP mediated alteration of lipid metabolism. Rats were treated with 0.5 mg kg-1 d-1 of DEHP for 23 weeks. Results showed that the treatment induced cholesterol imbalance. Further fecal transplantation experiments corroborated the involvement of gut microbiota in DEHP-induced cholesterol imbalance. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of cecal contents showed that DEHP disrupted the gut microbiota diversity in rats and increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Further cecal metabolomic analyses, bile salt hydrolase enzyme activity, and gene expression examination revealed that chronic DEHP exposure generated a bile acid profile in the gut that is a more potent activator of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). The activation of FXR in the gut induced the expression of fibroblast growth factor 15, which subsequently suppressed cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 in the liver and bile acid synthesis. These results suggest that DEHP might induce cholesterol imbalance by regulating bile acid metabolism via the remodeling of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Zeyu Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Junyong Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wencong Yang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Rongmei Lu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | | | - Daoshun Nie
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Rao Y, Wen Q, Liu R, He M, Jiang Z, Qian K, Zhou C, Li J, Du H, Ouyang H, Feng Y, Zhu W. PL-S2, a homogeneous polysaccharide from Radix Puerariae lobatae, attenuates hyperlipidemia via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway-modulated bile acid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1694-705. [PMID: 33058986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important active constituents of Radix Puerariae lobatae (RPL). In this study, a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from RPL was successfully obtained by HP-20 macroporous resin and purified by Sepharose G-100 column chromatography. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the main glycosidic bonds were composed of α-1,3-linked and α-1,4-linked glucose. The molecular weight of PL-S2 was 18.73 kDa. The hypolipidemic effect of PL-S2 on hyperlipidemic rats was evaluated in histopathology and metabolomics analyses. PL-S2 significantly reduced plasma lipid levels and inhibited bile acid metabolism. We also demonstrated that treatment with PL-S2 activated FXR, CYP7A1, BESP, and MRP2 in rat liver. Our findings first indicate that PL-S2 decreases plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats by activating the FXR signaling pathway and promoting bile acid excretion. Therefore, PL-S2 derived from RPL is implicated as a functional food factor with lipid-regulating activity, and highlighted as a potential food supplement for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Wang L, Ren B, Zhang Q, Chu C, Zhao Z, Wu J, Zhao W, Liu Z, Liu X. Methionine restriction alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity: Involvement of diurnal metabolism of lipids and bile acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165908. [PMID: 32745530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Methionine restriction (MR) is known to have the potential of alleviating obesity by improving insulin sensitivity. However, the role of the circadian clock in mediating the effects of MR on obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unclear. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed with a low-fat diet (LFD) or a HFD for 4 wk., followed with a full diet (0.86% methionine, w/w) or a methionine-restricted diet (0.17% methionine, w/w) for 8 wk. Our results showed that MR attenuated insulin resistance triggered by HFD, especially at ZT12. Moreover, MR led to a time-specific enhancement of the expression of FGF21 and activated the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling. Notably, MR upregulated the cyclical levels of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and downregulated the cyclical level of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the dark phase. MR restored the HFD-disrupted cyclical fluctuations of lipidolysis genes and BAs synthetic genes and improved the circulating lipid profile. Also, MR improved the expressions of clock-controlled genes (CCGs) in the liver and the brown adipose tissue throughout one day. In conclusion, MR exhibited the lipid-lowering effects on HFD-induced obesity and restored the diurnal metabolism of lipids and BAs, which could be partly explained by improving the expression of CCGs. These findings suggested that MR could be a potential nutritional intervention for attenuating obesity-induced metabolic misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenting Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbin Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Fang M, Zhang Q, Yu P, Ge C, Guo J, Zhang Y, Wang H. The effects, underlying mechanism and interactions of dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy on maternal bile acid metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:97-106. [PMID: 32599024 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As important members in steroids related signal pathways, bile acids are very important in regulating substance metabolism and immune homeostasis. However, bile acids are highly cytotoxic, and the excessive accumulation can induce several abnormalities such as cholestatic liver injury. It is known that the bile acid metabolism alters during pregnancy and mostly will not result in pathologies. However, the effect of dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy on bile acid metabolism is still unknown. In this study, pregnant Wistar rats were subcutaneously administered dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg.d) or saline from gestation day 9-21, while virgin rats were given the same treatment for 13 days. We found that, physiological pregnancy or dexamethasone exposure during non-pregnancy did not affect maternal serum TBA level and liver function. Nevertheless, dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy increased serum TBA level and accompanied with liver injury. Furthermore, we discovered that the conservation of bile acid homeostasis under pregnancy or dexamethasone exposure was maintained through compensatory pathways. However, dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy tipped the balance of liver bile acid homeostasis by increasing classical synthesis and decreasing efflux and uptake. In addition, dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy also increased serum estrogen level and nuclear receptors mRNA expression levels. Finally, two-way ANOVA analysis showed that dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy could induce or facilitate maternal cholestasis and liver injury by up-regulating ERα and CYP7A1 expression. This study confirmed that dexamethasone exposure during pregnancy was related to maternal intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and should be carefully monitored in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pengxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Caiyun Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Jia YQ, Yuan ZW, Zhang XS, Dong JQ, Liu XN, Peng XT, Yao WL, Ji P, Wei YM, Hua YL. Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L. ameliorated murine colitis by regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 255:112775. [PMID: 32205259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora alopecuroides L. is one of the most commonly used plants in traditional medicine for the management conditions including inflammatory and gastrointestinal disease. However, the therapeutic mechanism of Sophora alopecuroides L.particularly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the treatment effects of total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides L. in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model and explore the therapeutic mechanism of KDZ on UC based on bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis were induced in BALB/c mice by administering 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. The mice were then given KDZ (300, 150 and 75 mg/kg) and the positive drug sulfasalazine (SASP, 450 mg/kg) via oral administration for 7 days. The levels of 23 bile acids in the liver, bile, serum, cecum content and colon were determined through ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The cecum microbiota was characterized through high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing. RESULTS KDZ treatment significantly decreased the disease activity index (DAI) scores and ameliorated colonic injury in DSS-treated mice. The expression of IL-1β and TGF-β1 were suppressed, yet, IL-10 was up-regulated by KDZ and SASP treatment compared with those in the model group. Meanwhile, the serum contents of total bile acid and total cholesterol in the DSS group increased significantly compared with those in the control group, but reversed by SASP and KDZ. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased after KDZ was administration, whereas the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased. αMCA, βMCA, ωMCA and CA in the SASP and KDZ groups did not differ from those in the control group, whereas these parameters significantly increased in the DSS group. CONCLUSIONS KDZ had a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis by mitigating colonic injury, preventing gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulating bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Zi-Wen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Jia-Qi Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xue-Nan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Yong-Li Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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Abstract
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1, EC1.14) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway. Much progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation of CYP7A1 gene expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms of bile acid feedback regulation of CYP7A1 and bile acid synthesis in the last three decades. Discovery of bile acid-activated receptors and their roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism have been translated to the development of bile acid-based drug therapies for the treatment of liver-related metabolic diseases such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review will provide an update on the advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and mechanistic insights of the regulation of CYP7A1 in bile acid synthesis in the last 40 years.
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Xiao Q, Zhang S, Ren H, Du R, Li J, Zhao J, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Huang W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats via activating farnesoid X receptor and regulating transporters and metabolic enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 324:109062. [PMID: 32198087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is an active ingredient extracted from the roots of ginsenoside, and an α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced rat model of intrahepatic cholestasis was used to investigate the protective effect of Rg1 on cholestasis. 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, model group, UDCA group (ursodeoxycholic acid), low-dose Rg1 group (10 mg/kg), medium-dose Rg1 group (20 mg/kg) and high-dose Rg1 group (40 mg/kg). The model group, the UDCA group and all the Rg1 group were then intragastrically administered with 80 mg/kg ANIT, and the control group were given equal volume of olive oil. Then the pathological changes in liver tissue were observed, the secretion of bile in the bile duct was measured, and the biochemical markers in serum were quantified, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transfer peptidase (GTP) and the content of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bile acid (TBA). The contents of inflammatory mediators in serum were quantified, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver homogenate were quantified. Expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), transporters and metabolic enzymes in liver tissue was monitored. Rg1 treatment improved liver tissue pathological damage, promoted bile secretion and significantly reduced serum levels of the intrahepatic cholestasis markers ALT, AST, ALP, GTP, TBIL, DBIL and TBA. Rg1 increased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver homogenate, while, reducing the serum levels of MDA and inflammatory mediators. Rg1 also regulated the expression of FXR, bile acid transporters and metabolic enzymes. Overall, Rg1 alleviated liver injury by improving secretion of bile and normalizing the activity of enzymes in the serum. The protective mechanism appeared to be related to the activation of FXR and regulation of liver transporters and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huina Ren
- Department of General Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Bishan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyang Du
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang N, Yang B, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Situ H, Lin Y, Wang Z. Metabolite profiling of traditional Chinese medicine XIAOPI formula: An integrated strategy based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS combined with network pharmacology analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109569. [PMID: 31739163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
XIAOPI formula has been approved for mammary hyperplasia treatment by National Medical Products Administration in China. However, the absorbed substances of XIAOPI formula and their influences on metabolic pathways are largely remained unknown. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the substances existing in the serum. Network pharmacology was utilized to explore the underlying metabolic targets and pathways involved in. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were carried out for target validation. The exogenous results demonstrated 196 compounds were filtered as absorbed substances, among which 63 constituents or metabolites were tentatively identified in rat serum, and the metabolites of tanshinone II and tanshinone I were found to act as the major metabolic pathways. Subsequently, the endogenous results revealed that XIAOPI formula could significantly regulate serum biochemical indices and the bile acid secretion signaling ranks as top1 among all the involved pathways. The levels of intermediates including cholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid were significantly upregulated following XIAOPI treatment, accompanied by increased expression of key enzyme CYP7A1, indicating that XIAOPI formula could accelerate the bile acid metabolism pathway. Our study presented a comprehensive metabolic profile of XIAOPI formula in vivo for the first time, and bile acid synthesis pathway might be one of the key mechanisms contributing to the pharmacological function of the formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglin Situ
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Shi W, Jiang Y, Zhao DS, Jiang LL, Liu FJ, Wu ZT, Li ZQ, Wang LL, Zhou J, Li P, Li HJ. Metabolomic-transcriptomic landscape of 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate -a major diterpenoid lactone from Dioscorea bulbifera tuber induces hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110887. [PMID: 31626840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate (EEA), a major diterpenoid lactone in the tuber of Dioscorea bulbifera, can induce hepatotoxicity in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using the integrated transcriptomic and metabolomics method, in this study we investigated the global effect of EEA exposure on the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in mice. The abundance of 7131 genes and 42 metabolites in the liver, as well as 43 metabolites in the serum were altered. It should be noted that EEA mainly damaged hepatic cells through the aberrant regulation of multiple systems primarily including bile acid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In addition, an imbalance of bile acid metabolism was found to play a key pat in response to EEA-triggered hepatotoxicity. In summary, these findings contributed to understanding the underlying mechanisms of EEA hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zi-Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhuo-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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