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Roa CC, de Los Reyes MRA, Plennevaux E, Smolenov I, Hu B, Gao F, Ilagan H, Ambrosino D, Siber G, Clemens R, Han HH. SCB-2019 protein vaccine as heterologous booster of neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants after immunization with other COVID-19 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301632. [PMID: 38206168 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2301632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the non-inferiority of homologous boosting compared with heterologous boosting with the recombinant protein vaccine, SCB-2019, in adults previously immunized with different COVID-19 vaccines. Three equal cohorts (N ~ 420) of Philippino adults (18-80 years) previously immunized with Comirnaty, CoronaVac or Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccines were randomized 1:1 to receive homologous or heterologous (SCB-2019) boosters. Neutralizing antibodies against prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) were measured in all participants and against Delta variant and Omicron sub-lineages in subsets (30‒50 per arm) 15 days after boosting. Participants recorded solicited adverse events for 7 days and unsolicited and serious adverse events until Day 60. Prototype SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses on Day 15 after SCB-2019 were statistically non-inferior to homologous Vaxzevria boosters, superior to CoronaVac, but lower than homologous Comirnaty. Neutralizing responses against Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 variants after heterologous SCB-2019 were higher than homologous CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but lower than homologous Comirnaty. Responses against Omicron BF.7, BQ.1.1.3, and XBB1.5 following heterologous SCB-2019 were lower than after homologous Comirnaty booster but significantly higher than after Vaxzevria booster. SCB-2019 reactogenicity was similar to CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but lower than Comirnaty; most frequent events were mild/moderate injection site pain, headache and fatigue. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Heterologous SCB-2019 boosting was well tolerated and elicited neutralizing responses against all tested SARS-COV-2 viruses including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1.3, and XBB1.5 sub-lineages that were non-inferior to homologous boosting with CoronaVac or Vaxzevria, but not homologous Comirnaty booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo C Roa
- Department of Physiology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Eric Plennevaux
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Igor Smolenov
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Branda Hu
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faith Gao
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannalyn Ilagan
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ralf Clemens
- Global Research in Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Htay Htay Han
- Clinical Development, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
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Alashek WA, Ali SA. Satisfaction with telemedicine use during COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a systematic review. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2301829. [PMID: 38197179 PMCID: PMC10783830 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2301829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Telemedicine became a fundamental part of healthcare provision during COVID-19 pandemic. An evaluation of telemedicine-associated satisfaction helps the service develop more viable applications. This review evaluated the satisfaction of healthcare users and providers and their willingness to use this modality in future.Methods: The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A search on empirical articles published between March 2020 and December 2022 was performed on 'PubMed' and 'Scopus' databases. Findings that reported on satisfaction of patients, families and caregivers as well as clinicians were extracted and analysed. Quality of included studies was assessed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the review included 27 eligible studies.Results: Data was found from a variety of emergency and non-emergency departments of primary, secondary, and specialised healthcare. Almost all studies were undertaken within the NHS. There were many tools that measured satisfaction. Satisfaction was high among recipients of healthcare, scoring 9-10 on a scale of 0-10 or ranging from 73.3% to 100%. Convenience was rated high in every specialty examined. Satisfaction of clinicians was high throughout the specialities despite connection failure and concerns about confidentiality of information. Nonetheless, studies reported perception of increased barriers to accessing care and inequalities for vulnerable patients especially in older people. In general, willingness to use telemedicine in future was high in the recipients as well as the providers of healthcare.Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has transformed healthcare in the UK and promoted a revolution in telemedicine applications. Satisfaction was high among both recipient and provider of healthcare. Telemedicine managed to provide a continued care throughout the pandemic while maintaining social distance. The current review presented commendable evidence to encourage different specialities to engage in telemedicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- WA. Alashek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - SA. Ali
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Sun G, Zhang L, Qiu Y, Jia Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang A, Hao L, Zhu W, Ye C. Changes of influenza vaccination rate and associated influencing factors after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2287294. [PMID: 38299510 PMCID: PMC10841022 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2287294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The vaccination rate for seasonal influenza remains low in most regions of China. It is essential to understand the factors that associated with the low influenza vaccination rate in various populations after the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. Respondents' vaccination condition during the 2021-2022 flu season and the reasons for receiving or not receiving influenza vaccine were investigated. Binary logistic regression was conducted to explore potential factors influencing vaccination uptake. 2,476 of 14,001 respondents received an influenza vaccine, with a total coverage of 17.68% (95% CI: 17.05%, 18.32%). Children had the highest vaccination coverage (35.68%; 95% CI: 34.02, 37.33), followed by adults (12.75%; 95% CI: 11.91%, 13.58%) and elderly individuals (11.70%, 95% CI: 10.78%, 12.62%). For children, lower household income was an significant promoting factor. For adults, factors significantly associated with vaccination were household income, sex, and education level. For elderly, factors significantly associated with vaccination were household income, education level, living state, and having underlying diseases. (P < .05)The main reason for vaccine hesitancy among children was worried about side effects (21.49%), for adults and elderly was self-rated good health (adults: 37.14%, elderly people: 30.66%). The overall influenza vaccination coverage rate in Shanghai, especially among elderly individuals, is lower than many developed countries. Appropriate strategies and programs targeting different populations need to be implemented to enhance influenza vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Sun
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Jia
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanping Wang
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Anran Zhang
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipeng Hao
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuchu Ye
- Acute infectious disease control and prevention Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Parsons Leigh J, FitzGerald EA, Moss SJ, Cherak MS, Brundin-Mather R, Dodds A, Stelfox HT, Dubé È, Fiest KM, Halperin DM, Ahmed SB, MacDonald SE, Straus SE, Manca T, Ng Kamstra J, Soo A, Longmore S, Kupsch S, Sept B, Halperin SA. The evolution of vaccine hesitancy through the COVID-19 pandemic: A semi-structured interview study on booster and bivalent doses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2316417. [PMID: 38390696 PMCID: PMC10896168 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2316417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We sought in-depth understanding on the evolution of factors influencing COVID-19 booster dose and bivalent vaccine hesitancy in a longitudinal semi-structured interview-based qualitative study. Serial interviews were conducted between July 25th and September 1st, 2022 (Phase I: univalent booster dose availability), and between November 21st, 2022 and January 11th, 2023 (Phase II: bivalent vaccine availability). Adults (≥18 years) in Canada who had received an initial primary series and had not received a COVID-19 booster dose were eligible for Phase I, and subsequently invited to participate in Phase II. Twenty-two of twenty-three (96%) participants completed interviews for both phases (45 interviews). Nearly half of participants identified as a woman (n = 11), the median age was 37 years (interquartile range: 32-48), and most participants were employed full-time (n = 12); no participant reported needing to vaccinate (with a primary series) for their workplace. No participant reported having received a COVID-19 booster dose at the time of their interview in Phase II. Three themes relating to the development of hesitancy toward continued vaccination against COVID-19 were identified: 1) effectiveness (frequency concerns; infection despite vaccination); 2) necessity (less threatening, low urgency, alternate protective measures); and 3) information (need for data, contradiction and confusion, lack of trust, decreased motivation). The data from interviews with individuals who had not received a COVID-19 booster dose or bivalent vaccine despite having received a primary series of COVID-19 vaccines highlights actionable targets to address vaccine hesitancy and improve public health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna Parsons Leigh
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology & IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily A FitzGerald
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stephana Julia Moss
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- CRISMA Center, Department of Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michal S Cherak
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology & IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Dodds
- Faculty of Health, School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Henry T Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département d'anthropologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Kirsten M Fiest
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna M Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology & IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Rankin School of Nursing, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon E MacDonald
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terra Manca
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
- Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Josh Ng Kamstra
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Soo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelly Longmore
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelly Kupsch
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bonnie Sept
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology & IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Wang Q, Su Z, Zhang J, Yan H, Zhang J. Unraveling the copper-death connection: Decoding COVID-19's immune landscape through advanced bioinformatics and machine learning approaches. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2310359. [PMID: 38468184 PMCID: PMC10936617 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2310359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated copper-death genes using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and machine learning, exploring their immune microenvironment correlation and underlying mechanisms. Utilizing GEO, we analyzed the GSE217948 dataset with control samples. Differential expression analysis identified 16 differentially expressed copper-death genes, and Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) quantified immune cell infiltration. Gene classification yielded two copper-death clusters, with Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identifying key module genes. Machine learning models (random forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)) selected 6 feature genes validated by the GSE213313 dataset. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) emerged as the top gene, corroborated by Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) revealed enriched pathways in T cell receptor, natural killer cytotoxicity, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR). We uncovered differentially expressed copper-death genes and immune infiltration differences, notably CD8 T cells and M0 macrophages. Clustering identified modules with potential implications for COVID-19. Machine learning models effectively predicted COVID-19 risk, with FDX1's pivotal role validated. FDX1's high expression was associated with immune pathways, suggesting its role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This comprehensive approach elucidated COVID-19-related copper-death genes, their immune context, and risk prediction potential. FDX1's connection to immune pathways offers insights into COVID-19 mechanisms and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenzhong Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of General Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Vallin M, Tomson G, Kampmann B, Engebretsen E, Swartling Peterson S, Wanyenze RK, Ottersen OP. Life Science 2.0: reframing the life science sector for 'the benefit on mankind'. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2330758. [PMID: 38577884 PMCID: PMC11000595 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2330758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put the life science sector to the test. Vaccines were developed at unprecedented speed, benefiting from decades of fundamental research and now honoured by a Nobel Prize. However, we saw that the fruits of science were inequitably distributed. Most low- and middle-income countries were left behind, deepening the inequalities that the Sustainable Development Goals were set to reduce. We argue that the life science sector must reinvent itself to be better and more equitably prepared for the next health crisis and to ensure fair access to health across current and future generations. Our recommendations include global governance, national strategies and the role of universities and corporations. Improved and more equitable health care should be centre stage for global health action and a core mission of a reframed Life Science sector - what we call Life Science 2.0.Paper ContextMain findings: During the COVID-19 pandemic the Life Science sector stepped up to the challenge, but vaccines and medicines were not equitably distributed.Added knowledge: Obstacles were identified that hindered global access to medical innovations.Global health impact for policy and action: Global and national governance, universities and the private sector should join forces to create a Life Science sector (Life Science 2.0) that affords equitable access to medical advances across geographical and generational boundaries and socio-economic strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Vallin
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SciLifeLab, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Tomson
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Charité Centre of Global Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Swartling Peterson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K. Wanyenze
- College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ole Petter Ottersen
- Charité Centre of Global Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Sustainable Health Unit and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wong LP, Lee HY, Alias H, Zimet G, Liu T, Lin Y, Hu Z. Cost-based COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: A post-pandemic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2313860. [PMID: 38359815 PMCID: PMC10877984 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2313860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to serve as a valuable resource for policymakers who are confronted with the evolving landscape of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), considering both free and cost-based vaccination approaches. The potential consequences of shifting from free to cost-based vaccination are explored, encompassing its impact on global vaccine equity and prioritization, economic well-being, healthcare systems and delivery, public health policies, and vaccine distribution strategies. Examining past studies on willingness to pay for the initial COVID-19 vaccine dose and booster shots provides insights into how individuals value COVID-19 vaccinations and underscores the significance of addressing issues related to affordability. If COVID-19 vaccinations incur expenses, using effective communication strategies that emphasize the importance of vaccination and personal health benefits can increase willingness to pay. Making COVID-19 vaccines accessible through public health programs or health insurance can help alleviate financial barriers and increase vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hai Yen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gregory Zimet
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Mahrokhian SH, Tostanoski LH, Vidal SJ, Barouch DH. COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2324549. [PMID: 38517241 PMCID: PMC10962618 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and has required vaccine updating and boosting. Nevertheless, hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 have remained low. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of immune responses that contribute to population immunity and the mechanisms how vaccines attenuate COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant H. Mahrokhian
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J. Vidal
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Bathish Y, Tuvia N, Eshel E, Tal Lange T, Sigrid Eberhardt C, Edelstein M, Abu-Jabal K. B and T cell responses to the 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in dialysis patients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2292376. [PMID: 38191151 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2292376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients on dialysis (PoD) are at high risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Characterizing long-term vaccine immune responses in these patients will help optimize vaccine schedule for PoD. This study aimed to determine whether long-term humoral and B and T cell-responses post 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine differed between PoD and controls. Non-infected PoD and controls vaccinated with BNT162b2 were recruited in Ziv Medical Center, Israel, between 2021 and 2022. Specimens were collected 1-2 months pre 3rd dose; 1-3 months post 3rd dose; 4-5 months post 3rd dose and 3-5 months post the 4th dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (spike) specific antibodies, spike specific memory B cells, and spike specific CD154+ T cells as well as cytokines producing CD4+/CD8+ T cells were measured using standardized assays and compared between PoD and controls at each time point using Mann Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. We recruited 22 PoD and 20 controls. Antibody levels in PoD were lower compared to controls pre 3rd dose but not post 3rd and 4th doses. Frequencies of spike specific memory B cell populations were similar between PoD and controls overall. Frequencies of spike specific T cells, including those producing IFNγ and TNFα, were not lower in PoD. B and T cell mediated immune response in PoD following a 3rd and a 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine was not inferior to controls up to 5 months post vaccination. Our results suggest that standard BNT162b2 vaccination is suitable for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bathish
- Ziv Medcal Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Christiane Sigrid Eberhardt
- Department for Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Vaccinology and Neonatal Immunology, Department of Pathology-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Edelstein
- Ziv Medcal Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Kamal Abu-Jabal
- Ziv Medcal Center, Safed, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Dionne M, Rochette L, Hamel D, Dube È. Change in intention and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in a cohort of adults in Quebec during the pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309006. [PMID: 38347660 PMCID: PMC10865925 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in Quebec for the primary series, vaccine acceptance decreased for the subsequent booster doses. This article presents the evolution of vaccine intention, self-reported vaccination behaviors, and vaccine hesitancy over 2 years. A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Quebec between March 2020 and March 2023, with a representative sample of 3,330 adults recruited biweekly via a Web panel. Panelists could have answered multiple times over the course of the project. A cohort of respondents was created to assess how attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 vaccines evolved. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Among the 1,914 individuals with no or low intention of getting vaccinated in Fall 2021 (Period 1), 1,476 (77%) reported having received at least two doses in the Winter 2023 (Period 2). Not believing in conspiracy theory (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.65-2.64), being worried about catching COVID-19 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.65-2.73) and not living in a rural area (ORs of other areas are 2.27, 95% CI: 1.58-3.28; 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23-2.26; 1.82 95% CI: 1.23-2.73) were the three main factors associated with being vaccinated at Period 2. Among the 11,117 individuals not hesitant at Period 1, 1,335 (12%) became hesitant at Period 2. The three main factors significantly associated with becoming vaccine hesitant were the adherence to conspiracy theories (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.95-2.66), being a female (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90) and being younger than 65 years old (the ORs for 18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 compared with 65 and over are 2.82, 95% CI: 2.32-3.44; 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00-2.86 and 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55-2.15 respectively). As the pandemic is over, monitoring the evolution of vaccine attitudes and uptake will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Dionne
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Rochette
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Hamel
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève Dube
- Direction des risques biologiques, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
- Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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11
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Paschoalotto MAC, Cima J, Costa E, Valente de Almeida S, Gomes da Costa J, Santos JV, Passador CS, Passador JL, Barros PP. Politics and confidence toward the COVID-19 vaccination: A Brazilian cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2318139. [PMID: 38407171 PMCID: PMC10900266 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2318139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has the aim of assessing the Brazilian perceptions, influencing factors and political positioning on the confidence concerning COVID-19 vaccination. To achieve the objective, the methods rely on a cross-sectional survey of Brazilian citizens, distributed through different social networks. The sample is composed of 1,670 valid responses, collected from almost all Brazilian states and state capitals. To analyze the data and give a clear view of the variables' relationship, the study used bivariate and comparative graphs. Results show a higher level of confidence in vaccines from Pfizer and AstraZeneca, while the lower level of confidence is associated with vaccines from Sinopharm and Sputinik5. Vaccine efficacy is the most significant influencing factor that helps in the decision to get vaccinated. Also, individuals are less willing to get vaccinated if their political preferences are related to the right-wing. The results led to three main health and social implications: i) the vaccination strategy campaigns should take in count vaccine efficacy and political aspects; ii) the vaccination process should be adapted to regions with different political positions; and iii) a reinforcement in the educational policies of the vaccine's importance to the public health, to avoid the politization of a health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto
- School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Research Center in Political Science (CICP), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Cima
- Centre for Research in Economics and Management (NIPE), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Costa
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Gomes da Costa
- Center for Economics and Finance; School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vasco Santos
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto VIII - Espinho/Gaia, ARS Norte, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Souza Passador
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Passador
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pita Barros
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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O’Bryan SE, Muñoz F, Smith D, Bearse A, Melendrez B, Kamdar B, James-Price C, Ramirez D, Servin AE. Community based participatory research as a promising practice for addressing vaccine hesitancy, rebuilding trust and addressing health disparities among racial and ethnic minority communities. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2326781. [PMID: 38497273 PMCID: PMC10950264 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2326781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities across the United States (U.S.). Despite the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 faced by communities of color, Black and Hispanic communities are less likely to be fully vaccinated than White non-Hispanic Persons. Health inequity and vaccine hesitancy are complex phenomena that require multilevel responses tailored to the unique needs of each community, a process that inherently necessitates a high level of community engagement in order to develop the most effective health interventions. Building on the principles of community based participatory research (CBPR) and with the support of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Project 2VIDA! was born. A multidisciplinary collaborative of academic researchers, community members, and clinicians whose aim is to foster sustainable partnerships to reduce the burden of COVID-19 in Hispanic and Black communities across Southern California. Our model was designed to meet our community members where they were - whether on their lunch break or picking their children from school. This CBPR model has been well received by community members. Future health interventions focused on reducing health disparities should prioritize the role of the community, leverage the voices of key community partners, and be grounded in equitable power sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. O’Bryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Muñoz
- Health Support Services, San Ysidro Health, San Ysidro, CA, USA
| | - David Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Bearse
- UC San Diego, Center for Community Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Blanca Melendrez
- UC San Diego, Center for Community Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Biren Kamdar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ramirez
- Health Support Services, San Ysidro Health, San Ysidro, CA, USA
| | - Argentina E. Servin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Sim CSL, Asharani PV, Subramaniam M, Yi H. Roles and Dynamics within Community Mental Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography. Health Syst Reform 2024; 10:2314525. [PMID: 38598726 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2024.2314525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, COVID-19 had an immense impact on mental health systems, but research on how community mental health (CMH) systems and services contributed to the pandemic mental health response is limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-ethnography to understand the roles of CMH services, determinants of the quality of CMH care, and dynamics within CMH systems during COVID-19. We searched and screened across five databases and appraised study quality using the CASP tool, which yielded 27 qualitative studies. Our meta-ethnographic process used Noblit and Hare's approach for synthesizing findings and applying interpretive analysis to original research. This identified several key themes. Firstly, CMH systems played the valuable pandemic role of safety nets and networks for the broader mental health ecosystem, while CMH service providers offered a continuous relationship of trust to service users amidst pandemic disruptions. Secondly, we found that the determinants of quality CMH care during COVID-19 included resourcing and capacity, connections across service providers, customized care options, ease of access, and human connection. Finally, we observed that power dynamics across the CMH landscape disproportionately excluded marginalized groups from mainstream CMH systems and services. Our findings suggest that while the pandemic role of CMH was clear, effectiveness was driven by the efforts of individual service providers to meet demand and service users' needs. To reprise its pandemic role in the future, a concerted effort is needed to make CMH systems a valuable part of countries' disaster mental health response and to invest in quality care, particularly for marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Su Ling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P V Asharani
- Department of Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Department of Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huso Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Kabwama SN, Wanyenze RK, Razaz N, Ssenkusu JM, Alfvén T, Lindgren H. How interventions to maintain services during the COVID-19 pandemic strengthened systems for delivery of maternal and child health services: a case-study of Wakiso District, Uganda. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2314345. [PMID: 38381458 PMCID: PMC10883101 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2314345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health systems are resilient if they absorb, adapt, and transform in response to shocks. Although absorptive and adaptive capacities have been demonstrated during the COVID-19 response, little has been documented about their transformability and strengthened service delivery systems. We aimed to describe improvements in maternal and child health service delivery as a result of investments during the COVID-19 response. METHODS This was a descriptive case study conducted in Wakiso District in central Uganda. It included 21 nurses and midwives as key informants and 32 mothers in three focus group discussions. Data were collected using an interview guide following the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety theoretical framework for service delivery. RESULTS Maternal and child health service delivery during the pandemic involved service provision without changes, service delivery with temporary changes and outcomes, and service delivery that resulted into sustained changes and outcomes. Temporary changes included patient schedule adjustments, community service delivery and negative outcomes such as increased workload and stigma against health workers. Sustained changes that strengthened service delivery included new infrastructure and supplies such as ambulances and equipment, new roles involving infection prevention and control, increased role of community health workers and outcomes such as improved workplace safety and teamwork. CONCLUSIONS In spite of the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on health systems, it created the impetus to invest in system improvements. Investments such as new facility infrastructure and emergency medical services were leveraged to improve maternal and child health services delivery. The inter-departmental collaboration during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted into an improved intra-hospital environment for other service delivery. However, there is a need to evaluate lessons beyond health facilities and whether these learnings are deliberately integrated into service delivery. Future responses should also address the psychological and physical impacts suffered by health workers to maintain service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ndugwa Kabwama
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Neda Razaz
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John M Ssenkusu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tobias Alfvén
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Public Health Department, Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lindgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Promotion, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Kaseje N, Ranganathan M, Magadi M, Oria K, Haines A. The effectiveness of rural community health workers in improving health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2292385. [PMID: 38180049 PMCID: PMC10773683 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2292385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural community health workers [CHWs] play a critical role in improving health outcomes during non-pandemic times, but evidence on their effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. There is a need to focus on rural CHWs and rural health systems as they have limited material and human resources rendering them more vulnerable than urban health systems to severe disruptions during pandemics. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to describe and appraise the current evidence on the effectiveness of rural CHWs in improving access to health services and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-and middle-income countries [LMICs]. METHODS We searched electronic databases for articles published from 2020 to 2023 describing rural CHW interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. We extracted data on study characteristics, interventions, outcome measures, and main results. We conducted a narrative synthesis of key results. RESULTS Fifteen studies from 10 countries met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were from Asia [10 of 15 studies]. Study designs varied and included descriptive and analytical studies. The evidence suggested that rural CHW interventions led to increased household access to health services and may be effective in improving COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 health outcomes. Overall, however, the quality of evidence was poor due to methodological limitations; 14 of 15 studies had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSION Rural CHWs may have improved access to health services and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs but more rigorous studies are needed during future pandemics to evaluate their effectiveness in improving health outcomes in different settings and to assess appropriate support required to ensure their impact at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kaseje
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Research, Surgical Systems Research Group, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Monica Magadi
- Keele School of Medicine, Keele University Staffordshire, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK
| | - Kevin Oria
- Department of Research, Tropical Institute of Community Health, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Andy Haines
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Ackerson BK, Bruxvoort KJ, Qian L, Sy LS, Qiu S, Tubert JE, Lee GS, Ku JH, Florea A, Luo Y, Bathala R, Stern J, Choi SK, Takhar HS, Aragones M, Marks MA, Anderson EJ, Zhou CK, Sun T, Talarico CA, Tseng HF. Effectiveness and durability of mRNA-1273 BA.4/BA.5 bivalent vaccine (mRNA-1273.222) against SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 and XBB sublineages. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2335052. [PMID: 38575149 PMCID: PMC10996830 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2335052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 sublineages continue to cause serious COVID-19 disease, but most individuals have not received any COVID-19 vaccine for >1 year. Assessment of long-term effectiveness of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines against circulating sublineages is important to inform the potential need for vaccination with updated vaccines. In this test-negative study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, sequencing-confirmed BA.4/BA.5- or XBB-related SARS-CoV-2-positive cases (September 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023), were matched 1:3 to SARS-CoV-2-negative controls. We assessed mRNA-1273 bivalent relative (rVE) and absolute vaccine effectiveness (VE) compared to ≥2 or 0 doses of original monovalent vaccine, respectively. The rVE analysis included 20,966 cases and 62,898 controls. rVE (95%CI) against BA.4/BA.5 at 14-60 days and 121-180 days was 52.7% (46.9-57.8%) and 35.5% (-2.8-59.5%) for infection, and 59.3% (49.7-67.0%) and 33.2% (-28.2-68.0%) for Emergency Department/Urgent Care (ED/UC) encounters. For BA.4/BA.5-related hospitalizations, rVE was 71.3% (44.9-85.1%) and 52.0% (-1.2-77.3%) at 14-60 days and 61-120 days, respectively. rVE against XBB at 14-60 days and 121-180 days was 48.8% (33.4-60.7%) and -3.9% (-18.1-11.3%) for infection, 70.7% (52.4-82.0%) and 15.7% (-6.0-33.2%) for ED/UC encounters, and 87.9% (43.8-97.4%) and 57.1% (17.0-77.8%) for hospitalization. VE and subgroup analyses (age, immunocompromised status, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection) results were similar to rVE analyses. rVE of mRNA-1273 bivalent vaccine against BA.4/BA.5 and XBB infections, ED/UC encounters, and hospitalizations waned over time. Periodic revaccination with vaccines targeting emerging variants may be important in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley K. Ackerson
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Katia J. Bruxvoort
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lina S. Sy
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sijia Qiu
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julia E. Tubert
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Gina S. Lee
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Ku
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ana Florea
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Radha Bathala
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julie Stern
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Soon K. Choi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Harpreet S. Takhar
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael Aragones
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Morgan A. Marks
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carla A. Talarico
- Infectious Disease, Epidemiology, Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Epidemiology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Hung Fu Tseng
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Mane V, Mehta R, Alvarez N, Sharma V, Park S, Fox A, DeCarlo C, Yang X, Perlin DS, Powell RLR. In vivo antiviral efficacy of LCTG-002, a pooled, purified human milk secretory IgA product, against SARS-CoV-2 in a murine model of COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2303226. [PMID: 38251677 PMCID: PMC10807469 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody (Ab) in human mucosae, with secretory form (sIgA) being dominant and uniquely stable. sIgA is challenging to produce recombinantly but is naturally found in human milk, which could be considered a global resource for this biologic, justifying its development as a mucosal therapeutic. Presently, SARS-CoV-2 was utilized as a model mucosal pathogen, and methods were developed to efficiently extract human milk sIgA from donors who were naïve to SARS-CoV-2 or had recovered from infection that elicited high-titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike sIgA in their milk (pooled to make LCTG-002). Mass spectrometry determined that proteins with a relative abundance of 1% or greater were all associated with sIgA. Western blot demonstrated that all batches consisted predominantly of sIgA. Compared to control IgA, LCTG-002 demonstrated significantly higher Spike binding (mean endpoint of 0.87 versus 5.87). LCTG-002 was capable of blocking the Spike receptor-binding domain - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction with significantly greater potency compared to control (mean LCTG-002 IC50 154ug/mL versus 50% inhibition not achieved for control), and exhibited significant neutralization activity against Spike-pseudotyped virus infection (mean LCTG-002 IC50 49.8ug/mL versus 114.5ug/mL for control). LCTG-002 was tested for its capacity to reduce viral lung burden in K18+hACE2 transgenic mice inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. LCTG-002 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 titers compared to control when administered at 0.25 mg/day or 1 mg/day, with a maximum TCID50 reduction of 4.9 logs. This innovative study demonstrates that LCTG-002 is highly pure and efficacious in vivo, supporting further development of milk-derived, polyclonal sIgA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Mane
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rikin Mehta
- Lactiga US, Inc. 675 US-1, North Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nadine Alvarez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Vijeta Sharma
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Park
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Alisa Fox
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire DeCarlo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L. R. Powell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Yuan R, Chen H, Yi L, Li X, Hu X, Li X, Zhang H, Zhou P, Liang C, Lin H, Zeng L, Zhuang X, Ruan Q, Chen Y, Deng Y, Liu Z, Lu J, Xiao J, Chen L, Xiao X, Li J, Li B, Li Y, He J, Sun J. Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in returning Chinese individuals. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300208. [PMID: 38191194 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Global COVID-19 vaccination programs effectively contained the fast spread of SARS-CoV-2. Characterizing the immunity status of returned populations will favor understanding the achievement of herd immunity and long-term management of COVID-19 in China. Individuals were recruited from 7 quarantine stations in Guangzhou, China. Blood and throat swab specimens were collected from participants, and their immunity status was determined through competitive ELISA, microneutralization assay and enzyme-linked FluoroSpot assay. A total of 272 subjects were involved in the questionnaire survey, of whom 235 (86.4%) were returning Chinese individuals and 37 (13.6%) were foreigners. Blood and throat swab specimens were collected from 108 returning Chinese individuals. Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in ~90% of returning Chinese individuals, either in the primary or the homologous and heterologous booster vaccination group. The serum NAb titers were significantly decreased against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1 and XBB.1 compared with the prototype virus. However, memory T-cell responses, including specific IFN-γ and IL-2 responses, were not different in either group. Smoking, alcohol consumption, SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and the time interval between last vaccination and sampling were independent influencing factors for NAb titers against prototype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. The vaccine dose was the unique common influencing factor for Omicron subvariants. Enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was established in returning Chinese individuals who were exposed to reinfection and vaccination. Domestic residents will benefit from booster homologous or heterologous COVID-19 vaccination after reopening of China, which is also useful against breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Yuan
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yi
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximing Hu
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chumin Liang
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lin
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilian Zeng
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhuang
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - QianQian Ruan
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Chen
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyin Deng
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xincai Xiao
- Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Quality Control Department, Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Barbosa-Camacho FJ, Rodríguez-Machuca VU, Ibarrola-Peña JC, Chejfec-Ciociano JM, Guzmán-Ruvalcaba MJ, Tavares-Ortega JA, Delgado-Hernandez G, Cervantes-Guevara G, Cervantes-Pérez E, Ramírez-Ochoa S, Fuentes-Orozco C, Gonzalez-Ojeda A. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on medical interns' mental health of public and private hospitals in Guadalajara. Med Educ Online 2024; 29:2308360. [PMID: 38281205 PMCID: PMC10823882 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2308360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burnout syndrome is a global burden characterized by exhaustion, work detachment, and a sense of ineffectiveness. It affects millions of individuals worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence among medical students. Factors such as demanding education, exposure to suffering, and the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to elevated stress levels. Addressing this issue is crucial due to its impact on well-being and health-care quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional survey study assessed fear of COVID-19 and burnout levels among medical student interns in hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The study used validated scales and collected data from September 2021 to September 2022. A snowball sampling method was employed and a minimum sample size of 198 participants was calculated. RESULTS This study included 311 medical students (62.1% female and 37.9% male with a mean age of 23.51 ± 2.21 years). The majority were in their second semester of internship (60.5%) and from public hospitals (89.1%). Most students believed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of their internship (82.6%). Female students had higher personal burnout scores, while male students had higher work-related burnout scores. The mean score for fear of COVID-19 was 13.71 ± 6.28, with higher scores among women (p = 0.004) and those from public hospitals (p = 0.009). A positive weak correlation was found between COVID-19 scores and burnout subscales. CONCLUSION Our study emphasizes the significant impact of various factors on burnout levels among medical students and health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prolonged exposure to COVID-19 patients, reduced staffing, and increased workload contributed to burnout, affecting well-being and quality of care. Targeted interventions and resilience-building strategies are needed to mitigate burnout and promote well-being in health-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Barbosa-Camacho
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ibarrola-Peña
- Hospital General y Medicina Familiar de Zona No. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario Jesús Guzmán-Ruvalcaba
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaime Alberto Tavares-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gonzalo Delgado-Hernandez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Gabino Cervantes-Guevara
- Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, México
| | - Enrique Cervantes-Pérez
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sol Ramírez-Ochoa
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Ojeda
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02 Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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20
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Chen G, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Zhao F. The impact of risk perception and institutional trust on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301793. [PMID: 38282324 PMCID: PMC10826627 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2301793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has become the primary means for citizens to prevent severe morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a major threat to global public health security. Based on the data from Chinese General Social Survey in 2021, this study aims to explore the socio-political aspects of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, focusing on the relationship between COVID-19 risk perceptions, institutional trust and vaccine hesitancy. Among the samples, 39.8% of the respondents exhibited COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, 48.9% had a high awareness of the risk of COVID-19, and 74.6% presented a high level of trust in institutions. The results showed that higher risk perception and institutional trust are negatively correlated with vaccine hesitancy (p < .001). Institutional trust had no statistically significant moderating effect on the association between risk perception and vaccine hesitancy, but the role of institutional trust in influencing vaccine hesitancy is more significant at a lower level of perceptions of COVID-19 risk. Furthermore, regional variations in the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy were demonstrated in China. These findings have important implications for developing strategies to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Chen
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyun Yao
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Master of Public Administration Education Center, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Master of Public Administration Education Center, School of Public Administration and Emergency Mangement, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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21
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Cai G, Liu S, Lu Y, Takaki Y, Matsumoto F, Yoshikawa A, Taguri T, Xie J, Arima K, Mizukami S, Wu J, Yamamoto T, Hasegawa M, Tien Huy N, Saito M, Takeuchi S, Morita K, Aoyagi K, He F. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination status on hospitalization and disease severity: A descriptive study in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2322795. [PMID: 38517220 PMCID: PMC10962621 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2322795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was extraordinarily harmful, with high rates of infection and hospitalization. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination status and other factors on hospitalization and disease severity, using data from Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection with vaccination status were included and the differences in characteristics between different vaccination statuses, hospitalization or not, and patients with varying levels of disease severity were analyzed. Furthermore, logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the association of various factors with hospitalization and disease severity. From March 14, 2020 to August 31, 2022, 23,139 patients were unvaccinated 13,668 vaccinated the primary program with one or two doses, and 4,575 completed the booster. Vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalization with an odd ratio of 0.759 (95% CI: 0.654-0.881) and the protective effect of completed booster vaccination was more pronounced (OR: 0.261, 95% CI: 0.207-0.328). Similarly, vaccination significantly reduced the risk of disease severity (vaccinated primary program: OR: 0.191, 95% CI: 0.160-0.228; completed booster vaccination: OR: 0.129, 95% CI: 0.099-0.169). Overall, unvaccinated, male, elderly, immunocompromised, obese, and patients with other severe illness factors were all risk factors for COVID-19-related hospitalization and disease severity. Vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization and disease severity, and highlighted the benefits of completing booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Cai
- Public Health and Hygiene Research Department, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shiwen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yixiao Lu
- Department of Systems Biology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumika Takaki
- Public Health and Hygiene Research Department, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Matsumoto
- Public Health and Hygiene Research Department, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshikawa
- Public Health and Hygiene Research Department, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshitsugu Taguri
- Public Health and Hygiene Research Department, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jianfen Xie
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizukami
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiwen Wu
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Hasegawa
- Infectious Disease Control Office, Health & Welfare Department, Nagasaki Prefectural Government, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shouhei Takeuchi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Dejima Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Digital Tumor Data Research Center, Fujian Province, China
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22
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Yan Y, Ito K, Fukuda H, Nojiri S, Urasaki W, Yamamoto T, Horiuchi Y, Hori S, Takahashi K, Naito T, Tabe Y. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers in a highly vaccinated Japanese medical center from 2020-2023. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2337984. [PMID: 38622888 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2337984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence has been studied worldwide. At Juntendo University Hospital (JUH) in Tokyo, Japan, we have consistently conducted serological studies using the blood residue of healthcare workers (HCWs) at annual health examinations since 2020. In this 2023 study (n = 3,594), N-specific seroprevalence (infection-induced) was examined while univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compute ORs of seroprevalence with respect to basic characteristics of participants. We found that the N-specific seroprevalence in 2023 was 54.1%-a jump from 17.7% in 2022, and 1.6% in 2021-with 37.9% as non-PCR-confirmed asymptomatic infection cases. Those younger than 50 (adjusted OR = 1.62; p < .001) and recipients with 4 doses or less of vaccine had a higher risk to be N-positive, ranging from 1.45 times higher for the participants with 4 doses (p < .001) to 4.31 times higher for the participants with 1 dose (p < .001), compared to those with 5 or more doses. Our findings indicate that robust vaccination programs may have helped alleviate symptoms but consequently caused asymptomatic spread in this hospital, especially among younger HCWs. Although having four doses or less was found to be associated with higher risk of infection, the optimal constitution and intervals for effective booster vaccines warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanami Ito
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Urasaki
- Clinical Research and Trial Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Horiuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Safety and Health Promotion, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Newman PA, Dinh DA, Massaquoi N, Williams CC, Lacombe-Duncan A, Tepjan S, Nyoni T. "Going vaccine hunting": Multilevel influences on COVID-19 vaccination among racialized sexual and gender minority adults-a qualitative study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301189. [PMID: 38346919 PMCID: PMC10863362 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2301189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have been reported among Black and Latinx populations, with lower vaccination coverage among racialized versus White sexual and gender minorities. We examined multilevel contexts that influence COVID-19 vaccine uptake, barriers to vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy among predominantly racialized sexual and gender minority individuals. Semi-structured online interviews explored perspectives and experiences around COVID-19 vaccination. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, uploaded into ATLAS.ti, and reviewed using thematic analysis. Among 40 participants (mean age, 29.0 years [SD, 9.6]), all identified as sexual and/or gender minority, 82.5% of whom were racialized. COVID-19 vaccination experiences were dominated by structural barriers: systemic racism, transphobia and homophobia in healthcare and government/public health institutions; limited availability of vaccination/appointments in vulnerable neighborhoods; absence of culturally-tailored and multi-language information; lack of digital/internet access; and prohibitive indirect costs of vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy reflected in uncertainties about a novel vaccine amid conflicting information and institutional mistrust was integrally linked to structural factors. Findings suggest that the uncritical application of "vaccine hesitancy" to unilaterally explain undervaccination among marginalized populations risks conflating structural and institutional barriers with individual-level psychological factors, in effect placing the onus on those most disenfranchised to overcome societal and institutional processes of marginalization. Rather, disaggregating structural determinants of vaccination availability, access, and institutional stigma and mistrust from individual attitudes and decision-making that reflect vaccine hesitancy, may support 1) evidence-informed interventions to mitigate structural barriers in access to vaccination, and 2) culturally-informed approaches to address decisional ambivalence in the context of structural homophobia, transphobia, and racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Newman
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duy Anh Dinh
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Notisha Massaquoi
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charmaine C. Williams
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Thabani Nyoni
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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24
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Chittrakarn S, Siripaitoon P, Chusri S, Kanchanasuwan S, Charoenmak B, Hortiwakul T, Kantikit P, Kositpantawong N. Comparative immunogenicity and neutralizing antibody responses post heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) in HIV-infected patients with varying CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309734. [PMID: 38297904 PMCID: PMC10841008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response to heterologous coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) is still unclear. Herein, our prospective cohort study aimed to compare the immune response of heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) between PLWH having CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/µL (low CD4+) and > 200 cells/µL (high CD4+). Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the percentage inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were analyzed at 2 and 12 weeks after immunization. Participants in the low and high CD4+ groups had mean CD4+ counts of 139 and 575 cell/µL, respectively. Two and 12 weeks after immunization, in the low CD4 group, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels were 159 IU/mL and 143 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb level was 71% and decreased to 47.2%, respectively. Contrarily, the median anti-RBD-IgG levels in the high CD4+ group were 273 IU/mL and 294 IU/mL, respectively, whereas the nAb levels were 89.3% and relatively stable at 81.6%. However, although immune responses between the two study groups were not significantly different, a decline in nAb levels was observed at 12 weeks in the low CD4+ group. Therefore, a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose is suggested for immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorawit Chittrakarn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pisud Siripaitoon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Siripen Kanchanasuwan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Boonsri Charoenmak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Hortiwakul
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phaiwon Kantikit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Narongdet Kositpantawong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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25
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Charmasson A, Ecollan M, Jaury P, Partouche H, Frachon A, Pinot J. Perceived impact of discussions with a healthcare professional on patients' decision regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2307735. [PMID: 38346925 PMCID: PMC10863372 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2307735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that advice from Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) plays an important role in patients' decision to get vaccinated, but the extent to which patients perceive this impact is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the perceived impact of a discussion with a HCP on participants' decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults who consulted a general practitioner (GP) or a pharmacist in Ile-de-France, France, after COVID-19 vaccines became available (October-November 2021 period). A total of 344 participants were included, 65.2% of whom reported having had a discussion about COVID-19 vaccines with a HCP. Overall, 55% of participants were advised to be vaccinated by their HCP. Most of the discussions took place with a GP (n = 203, 48.9%). According to 52.5% of participants, the discussion had a positive impact, i.e. it was perceived as encouraging vaccination. The latter reported that, among HCPs, GPs had the greatest number of discussions with a positive impact on the decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (93.1%). In the study population, the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate, according to the WHO definition, was high (38.1%), although the COVID-19 vaccine coverage rate was 87.1%. Vaccine hesitant participants were more likely to report a discussion that had a perceived negative impact on their decision to get vaccinated (20.0%) than non-hesitant participants (5.8%, p = .004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alric Charmasson
- Department of General Practice, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Ecollan
- Department of General Practice, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Jaury
- Department of General Practice, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henri Partouche
- Department of General Practice, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Frachon
- Department of General Practice, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Pinot
- Department of General Practice, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, IAME, Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
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Pather S, Muik A, Rizzi R, Mensa F. Developing variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines to improve protection against Omicron and other recent variants: a plain language summary. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:463-466. [PMID: 38578120 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2320858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
SummaryWhat are variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines?The COVID-19 vaccine developed by BioNTech and Pfizer is known as BNT162b2 (Comirnaty). BNT162b2 contains messenger RNA, or mRNA, from SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for COVID-19. mRNA is a type of genetic material that contains the instructions that tell cells in the body how to make a protein. The mRNA in BNT162b2 tells the body to make one of the proteins from SARS-CoV-2 known as the spike protein.This teaches the body's defense system, known as the immune system, to recognize and respond to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.The BNT162b2 vaccine contains mRNA from the first SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was detected in December 2019. Since this original vaccine was developed, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved, resulting in the appearance of new versions of the virus, known as variants. Certain variants that might be more concerning for public health are labeled as either 'variants of concern' or 'variants of interest' by the World Health Organization (WHO). Variants have differences in their proteins compared with the original virus that can affect how well the original vaccine works against them. Therefore, BioNTech and Pfizer developed updated versions of the BNT162b2 vaccine that contain mRNA from certain variants. These new vaccines are called variant-adapted COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.Another company, Moderna, has also developed their own variant-adapted versions of their COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1273 (SpikeVax).Variant-adapted vaccines can contain parts of the variant mRNA either in addition to, or instead of, that from the original virus. Vaccines that contain mRNA from two different viruses are known as bivalent, whereas vaccines that contain mRNA from a single virus are called monovalent.
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Essue BM, Kapiriri L, Mohamud H, Veléz MC, Kiwanuka S. Planning with a gender lens: A gender analysis of pandemic preparedness plans from eight countries in Africa. Health Policy Open 2024; 6:100113. [PMID: 38274670 PMCID: PMC10809111 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Health planning and priority setting with a gender lens can help to anticipate and mitigate vulnerabilities that women and girls may experience in health systems, which is especially relevant during health emergencies. This study examined how gender considerations were accounted for in COVID-19 pandemic response planning in a subset of countries in Africa. Methods Multi-country document review of national pandemic response plans (published before July 2020 and as of March 2022) from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia, supplemented with secondary data on gender representation on planning committees. A gender analysis framework informed the study design and the Morgan et al. matrix guided data extraction and analysis. Results All plans reflected implicit and explicit considerations of the impacts of the pandemic responses on women and girls. Through a gender lens, the implicit considerations focused on ensuring safety and protections (e.g., training, access to personal protective equipment) for community and facility-based health care workers and broad engagement of the community in risk communication. The explicit gender considerations, reflected in a minority of plans, focused on addressing gender-based violence and providing access to essential services (e.g., sexual and reproductive health care, psychosocial supports), products (e.g., menstrual hygiene products) and social protection measures. Women were underrepresented on the COVID-19 planning committees in all countries. Conclusions The plans reflected varying national efforts to develop pandemic responses that anticipated and reflected unique vulnerabilities faced by women, though subsequent plans reflected further consideration of gender-relevant impacts compared to initial plans. Embedding a gender lens in emergency preparedness planning furthers equity and could support anticipation and timely mitigation of negative outcomes for women and girls who are often further marginalized during health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley M. Essue
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 155 College Street, West Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Lydia Kapiriri
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 226, Hamilton, Ontario Postal Code L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Hodan Mohamud
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 155 College Street, West Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Marcela Claudia Veléz
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 226, Hamilton, Ontario Postal Code L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Suzanne Kiwanuka
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Uganda
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Belon AP, Yashadhana A, Kongats K, Atkey K, Glenn NM, Jaques K, Nieuwendyk L, Harris P, de Leeuw E, Nykiforuk CI. Australian and Canadian financial wellbeing policy landscape during COVID-19: An equity-informed policy scan. Health Policy Open 2024; 6:100114. [PMID: 38213762 PMCID: PMC10776654 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2023.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This targeted and comprehensive policy scan examined how different levels of governments in Australia and Canada responded to the financial crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We mapped the types of early policy responses addressing financial strain and promoting financial wellbeing. We also examined their equity considerations. Methods Through a systematic search, snowballing, and manual search, we identified Canadian and Australian policies at all government levels related to financial strain or financial wellbeing enacted or amended in 2019-2020. Using a deductive-inductive approach, policies were categorized by jurisdiction level, focal areas, and target population groups. Results In total, 213 and 97 policies in Canada and Australia, respectively, were included. Comparisons between Canadian and Australian policies indicated a more diversified and equity-targeted policy landscape in Canada. In both countries, most policies focused on individual and family finances, followed by housing and employment areas. Conclusions The policy scan identified gaps and missed opportunities in the early policies related to financial strain and financial wellbeing. While fast, temporary actions addressed individuals' immediate needs, we recommend governments develop a longer-term action plan to tackle the root causes of financial strain and poor financial wellbeing for better health and non-health crisis preparedness. Statement on Ethics and Informed Consent This research reported in this paper did not require ethical clearance or patient informed consent as the data sources were published policy documents. This study did not involve data collection with humans (or animals), nor any secondary datasets involving data provided by humans (or from animal studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Belon
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-035 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Aryati Yashadhana
- Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Krystyna Kongats
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-035 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Kayla Atkey
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-035 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Glenn
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-035 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
- PolicyWise for Children & Families, 1000 – 9925, 109 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T5K 2J8, Canada
| | - Karla Jaques
- Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Nieuwendyk
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-035 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Patrick Harris
- Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evelyne de Leeuw
- Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Healthy Urban Environments Collaboratory, Maridulu Budyari Gumal SPHERE, Sydney, Australia
| | - Candace I.J. Nykiforuk
- Centre for Healthy Communities, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 3-035 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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Sidky H, Hansen KA, Girvin AT, Hotaling N, Michael SG, Gersing K, Sahner DK. Assessing the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the prevention of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:115-125. [PMID: 38318198 PMCID: PMC10839808 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) produce significant morbidity, prompting evaluation of interventions that might lower risk. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentially could modulate risk of PASC via their central, hypothesized immunomodulatory, and/or antiplatelet properties although clinical trial data are lacking. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted leveraging real-world clinical data within the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) to evaluate whether SSRIs with agonist activity at the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) lower the risk of PASC, since agonism at this receptor may serve as a mechanism by which SSRIs attenuate an inflammatory response. Additionally, determine whether the potential benefit could be traced to S1R agonism. Presumed PASC was defined based on a computable PASC phenotype trained on the U09.9 ICD-10 diagnosis code. Results Of the 17,908 patients identified, 1521 were exposed at baseline to a S1R agonist SSRI, 1803 to a non-S1R agonist SSRI, and 14,584 to neither. Using inverse probability weighting and Poisson regression, relative risk (RR) of PASC was assessed.A 29% reduction in the RR of PASC (0.704 [95% CI, 0.58-0.85]; P = 4 ×10-4) was seen among patients who received an S1R agonist SSRI compared to SSRI unexposed patients and a 21% reduction in the RR of PASC was seen among those receiving an SSRI without S1R agonist activity (0.79 [95% CI, 0.67 - 0.93]; P = 0.005).Thus, SSRIs with and without reported agonist activity at the S1R were associated with a significant decrease in the risk of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hythem Sidky
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen A. Hansen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Axle Research and Technologies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Nathan Hotaling
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Axle Research and Technologies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sam G. Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Palantir Technologies, Denver, CO, USA
- Axle Research and Technologies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ken Gersing
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David K. Sahner
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Axle Research and Technologies, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - on behalf of the N3C consortium
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Palantir Technologies, Denver, CO, USA
- Axle Research and Technologies, Rockville, MD, USA
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Hansson J, MacEachen E, Landstad BJ, Vinberg S, Tjulin Å. A comparative study of governmental financial support and resilience of self-employed people in Sweden and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2298015. [PMID: 38157432 PMCID: PMC10763823 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2298015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, self-employed people were among the hardest hit by the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and faced hardships such as financial decline, restrictions, and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures were rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effect of the policy measures on self-employed people. To understand how different governmental financial support measures enhanced the resilience of the self-employed and improved their ability to manage the pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study using policy analysis and semi-structured interviews. The documents described policies addressing governmental financial support in Sweden and Canada during the pandemic, and the interviews were conducted with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people to explore how they experienced the support measures in relation to their resilience. The key results were that self-employed people in both countries who were unable to telework were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions, and lockdowns. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with the support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people experiencing difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, negatively affecting their business survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Hansson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ellen MacEachen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bodil J. Landstad
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tjulin
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Cool K, Gaudreault NN, Trujillo JD, Morozov I, McDowell CD, Bold D, Kwon T, Balaraman V, Assato P, Madden DW, Mantlo E, Souza-Neto J, Matias-Ferreyra F, Retallick J, Singh G, Schotsaert M, Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Wilson WC, Pogranichniy RM, García-Sastre A, Richt JA. Experimental co-infection of calves with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants of concern. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2281356. [PMID: 37938158 PMCID: PMC10763854 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Since emerging in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has repeatedly crossed the species barrier with natural infections reported in various domestic and wild animal species. The emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has expanded the range of susceptible host species. Previous experimental infection studies in cattle using Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 isolates suggested that cattle were not likely amplifying hosts for SARS-CoV-2. However, SARS-CoV-2 sero- and RNA-positive cattle have since been identified in Europe, India, and Africa. Here, we investigated the susceptibility and transmission of the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in cattle. Eight Holstein calves were co-infected orally and intranasally with a mixed inoculum of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs Delta and Omicron BA.2. Twenty-four hours post-challenge, two sentinel calves were introduced to evaluate virus transmission. The co-infection resulted in a high proportion of calves shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA at 1- and 2-days post-challenge (DPC). Extensive tissue distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was observed at 3 and 7 DPC and infectious virus was recovered from two calves at 3 DPC. Next-generation sequencing revealed that only the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was detected in clinical samples and tissues. Similar to previous experimental infection studies in cattle, we observed only limited seroconversion and no clear evidence of transmission to sentinel calves. Together, our findings suggest that cattle are more permissive to infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta than Omicron BA.2 and Wuhan-like isolates but, in the absence of horizontal transmission, are not likely to be reservoir hosts for currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konner Cool
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Chester D. McDowell
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaraman
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Patricia Assato
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Daniel W. Madden
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Emily Mantlo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jayme Souza-Neto
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Franco Matias-Ferreyra
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jaime Retallick
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Roman M. Pogranichniy
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Ganeshan G, Sekar H, Reilly S, Kuo C, Singh S, Michaels J, Yoong W. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of obstetrics and gynaecology trainees: a world-wide literature review. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2319791. [PMID: 38419407 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2319791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the training and wellbeing of obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) trainees. The aim of this review is to offer a worldwide overview on its' impact on the mental health of O&G trainees, so that measures can be put into place to better support trainees during the transition back to the 'new normal'. METHODS Key search terms used on PubMed and Google Scholar databases include: mental health, COVID-19, O&G, trainees, residents. RESULTS Fifteen articles (cumulative number of respondents = 3230) were identified, of which eight employed validated questionnaires (n = 1807 respondents), while non-validated questionnaires were used in seven (n = 1423 respondents). Studies showed that COVID-19 appeared to exert more of a negative impact on females and on senior trainees' mental health, while protective factors included marriage/partner and having had children. Validated and non-validated questionnaires suggested that trainees were exposed to high levels of anxiety and depression. Their mental health was also affected by insomnia, stress, burnout and fear of passing on the virus. DISCUSSION This review analyses the global impact of COVID-19 on O&G trainees' mental health, showing a pervasive negative effect linked to fear of the virus. Limited psychological support has led to prolonged issues, hindering patient safety and increasing sick leave. The study underscores the urgency of comprehensive support, particularly in female-dominated fields. Addressing these challenges is crucial for future pandemics, highlighting the need to learn from past mistakes and prioritise mental health resources for trainee well-being during and beyond pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ganeshan
- St George's International School of Medicine, Grenada, Caribbean
| | - H Sekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Reilly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Kuo
- St George's International School of Medicine, Grenada, Caribbean
| | - S Singh
- St George's International School of Medicine, Grenada, Caribbean
| | - J Michaels
- St George's International School of Medicine, Grenada, Caribbean
| | - W Yoong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
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Parker SE, Annapragada B, Chestnut I, Fuchs J, Lee A, Sabharwal V, Wachman E, Yarrington C. Trimester and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2024; 43:2308922. [PMID: 38279906 PMCID: PMC10962656 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2024.2308922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy has been linked with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The aim of this study was to examine how both trimester and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact HDP. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals during pregnancy (n = 205) and examined the association between trimester and severity of infection with incidence of HDP using modified Poisson regression models to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We stratified the analysis of trimester by severity to understand the role of timing of infection among those with similar symptomatology and also examined timing of infection as a continuous variable. RESULTS Compared to a reference cohort from 2018, SARS-CoV-2 infection did not largely increase the risk of HDP (RR: 1.17; CI:0.90, 1.51), but a non-statistically significant higher risk of preeclampsia was observed (RR: 1.33; CI:0.89, 1.98), in our small sample. Among the SARS-CoV-2 cohort, severity was linked with risk of HDP, with infections requiring hospitalization increasing the risk of HDP compared to asymptomatic/mild infections. Trimester of infection was not associated with risk of HDP, but a slight decline in the risk of HDP was observed with later gestational week of infection. Among patients with asymptomatic or mild symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester conferred a higher risk of HDP compared to the third trimester (RR: 1.70; CI:0.77, 3.77), although estimates were imprecise. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy may increase the risk of HDP compared to infection later in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Idalis Chestnut
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Jessica Fuchs
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Annette Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Vishakha Sabharwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Elisha Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Christina Yarrington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Aydillo T, Balsera-Manzanero M, Rojo-Fernandez A, Escalera A, Salamanca-Rivera C, Pachón J, Del Mar Muñoz-García M, Sánchez-Cordero MJ, Sánchez-Céspedes J, García-Sastre A, Cordero E. Concomitant administration of seasonal influenza and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2292068. [PMID: 38054302 PMCID: PMC10798284 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2292068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical guidelines support the concomitant administration of seasonal influenza vaccines and COVID-19 mRNA boosters vaccine. Whether dual vaccination may impact vaccine immunogenicity due to an interference between influenza or SARS-CoV-2 antigens is unknown. We aimed to understand the impact of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered concomitantly on the immune response to influenza vaccines. For this, 128 volunteers were vaccinated during the 22-23 influenza season. Three groups of vaccination were assembled: FLU vaccine only (46, 35%) versus volunteers that received the mRNA bivalent COVID-19 vaccines concomitantly to seasonal influenza vaccines, FluCOVID vaccine in the same arm (42, 33%) or different arm (40, 31%), respectively. Sera and whole blood were obtained the day of vaccination, +7, and +28 days after for antibody and T cells response quantification. As expected, side effects were increased in individuals who received the FluCOVID vaccine as compared to FLU vaccine only based on the known reactogenicity of mRNA vaccines. In general, antibody levels were high at 4 weeks post-vaccination and differences were found only for the H3N2 virus when administered in different arms compared to the other groups at day 28 post-vaccination. Additionally, our data showed that subjects that received the FluCOVID vaccine in different arm tended to have better antibody induction than those receiving FLU vaccines for H3N2 virus in the absence of pre-existing immunity. Furthermore, no notable differences in the influenza-specific cellular immune response were found for any of the vaccination groups. Our data supports the concomitant administration of seasonal influenza and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Aydillo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USA
| | - Maria Balsera-Manzanero
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Amaya Rojo-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USA
| | - Alba Escalera
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Celia Salamanca-Rivera
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, USA
| | - Elisa Cordero
- Viral Diseases and Infections in Immunodeficiencies Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Lu J, Tan S, Gu H, Liu K, Huang W, Yu Z, Lu G, Wu Z, Gao X, Zhao J, Yao Z, Yi F, Yang Y, Wang H, Hu X, Lu M, Li W, Zhou H, Yu H, Shan C, Lin J. Effectiveness of a broad-spectrum bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in preclinical studies. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2321994. [PMID: 38377136 PMCID: PMC10906132 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2321994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines utilizing modified messenger RNA (mRNA) technology have shown robust protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in humans. As the virus continues to evolve in both human and non-human hosts, risk remains that the performance of the vaccines can be compromised by new variants with strong immune escape abilities. Here we present preclinical characterizations of a novel bivalent mRNA vaccine RQ3025 for its safety and effectiveness in animal models. The mRNA sequence of the vaccine is designed to incorporate common mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that have been discovered along the evolutionary paths of different variants. Broad-spectrum, high-titer neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants were induced in mice (BALB/c and K18-hACE2), hamsters and rats upon injections of RQ3025, demonstrating advantages over the monovalent mRNA vaccines. Effectiveness in protection against several newly emerged variants is also evident in RQ3025-vaccinated rats. Analysis of splenocytes derived cytokines in BALB/c mice suggested that a Th1-biased cellular immune response was induced by RQ3025. Histological analysis of multiple organs in rats following injection of a high dose of RQ3025 showed no evidence of pathological changes. This study proves the safety and effectiveness of RQ3025 as a broad-spectrum vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and lays the foundation for its potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shudan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Gu
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoli Yu
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongting Yao
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yi
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yantao Yang
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu Wang
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Hu
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Yu
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for mRNA Translational Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Puig Llobet M, Roca Roger M, Nicolàs Silva T, Pérez Gimenez G, Agüera Z, Lluch Canut MT, Roldan Merino JF, Moreno Arroyo C, Prats Arimon M, Sánchez Ortega MA, Domènech Mascaró X, Hidalgo Blanco MA, Moreno Poyato A. The experiences of family members of persons with intellectual disabilities who used residential care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2288100. [PMID: 38055791 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2288100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the vulnerability of some population groups, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). AIM The present paper will provide more clarity and understanding of the experiences of family members of persons with IDD housed in residential facilities in Catalonia within the period of maximum restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach. Study participants consisted of 14 relatives of IDD individuals who were institutionalized in residence facilities or homes. The guiding questions emerged from group discussions with relatives of those with IDD who did not participate in the subsequent interviews. Drawing from this group, the factors that were identified to have had the greatest impact on their lives were later used to guide the interviews. Data collection was carried out in face-to-face individual interviews that were recorded together with the observations of two researchers between February and October 2022. RESULTS Our analysis identified 4 main themes that developed into additional factors: the decision to stay at home or in the residence, fear, illness, and protocol. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. CONCLUSION The results of this study allow for a better understanding of the experiences of families of persons with IDD in residential centres during the lockdown by identifying their needs and how to better support them in the future. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Knowledge and understanding of these events should allow for better management of similar situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Puig Llobet
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Roca Roger
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Pérez Gimenez
- Head of Sick Medical Nursing Area and alternatives to hospitalization, Granollers General Hospital, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Teresa Lluch Canut
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Roldan Merino
- Department of Mental Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu-Fundació Privada, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno Arroyo
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Prats Arimon
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Domènech Mascaró
- Personal attention to citizens. Upper Penedès Territorial Pediatric Care Team Upper Penedès-Garraf-Baix Llobregat Nord Primary Care Service. Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Hidalgo Blanco
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno Poyato
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Lella KK, Jagadeesh MS, Alphonse PJA. Artificial intelligence-based framework to identify the abnormalities in the COVID-19 disease and other common respiratory diseases from digital stethoscope data using deep CNN. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38469455 PMCID: PMC10924857 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-024-00283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of lung sounds to diagnose lung diseases using respiratory sound features has significantly increased in the past few years. The Digital Stethoscope data has been examined extensively by medical researchers and technical scientists to diagnose the symptoms of respiratory diseases. Artificial intelligence-based approaches are applied in the real universe to distinguish respiratory disease signs from human pulmonary auscultation sounds. The Deep CNN model is implemented with combined multi-feature channels (Modified MFCC, Log Mel, and Soft Mel) to obtain the sound parameters from lung-based Digital Stethoscope data. The model analysis is observed with max-pooling and without max-pool operations using multi-feature channels on respiratory digital stethoscope data. In addition, COVID-19 sound data and enriched data, which are recently acquired data to enhance model performance using a combination of L2 regularization to overcome the risk of overfitting because of less respiratory sound data, are included in the work. The suggested DCNN with Max-Pooling on the improved dataset demonstrates cutting-edge performance employing a multi-feature channels spectrogram. The model has been developed with different convolutional filter sizes (1 × 12 , 1 × 24 , 1 × 36 , 1 × 48 , and 1 × 60 ) that helped to test the proposed neural network. According to the experimental findings, the suggested DCNN architecture with a max-pooling function performs better to identify respiratory disease symptoms than DCNN without max-pooling. In order to demonstrate the model's effectiveness in categorization, it is trained and tested with the DCNN model that extract several modalities of respiratory sound data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Kumar Lella
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522237 India
| | - M. S. Jagadeesh
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522237 India
| | - P. J. A. Alphonse
- Department of Computer Applications, NIT Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Guntur, Tamil Nadu 620015 India
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38
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Biernacki K, Ciupak O, Daśko M, Rachon J, Flis D, Budka J, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Czaja A, Rak J, Demkowicz S. Development of potent and effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors based on maleimide analogs for the potential treatment of COVID-19. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290910. [PMID: 38093611 PMCID: PMC10732195 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report a new series of potent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) inhibitors based on maleimide derivatives. The inhibitory activities were tested in an enzymatic assay using recombinant Mpro (3CL Protease from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2). Within the set of new Mpro inhibitors, 6e demonstrated the highest activity in the enzymatic assay with an IC50 value of 8.52 ± 0.44 µM. The IC50 value for Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332, used as a reference) was 0.84 ± 0.37 µM. The cytotoxic properties were determined in the MTT assay using MRC-5 and HEK-293 cell lines. In the course of the investigation, we found that the newly obtained maleimide derivatives are not substantially cytotoxic (IC50 values for most compounds were above 200 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Ciupak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Damian Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Budka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Czaja
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Ferjancic Z, Bihelovic F, Vulovic B, Matovic R, Trmcic M, Jankovic A, Pavlovic M, Djurkovic F, Prodanovic R, Djurdjevic Djelmas A, Kalicanin N, Zlatovic M, Sladic D, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M, Saicic RN. Development of iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors as drug candidates for SARS-CoV-2 virus via molecular modelling and in vitro studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2289007. [PMID: 38086763 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2289007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed new iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Known drugs (miglustat, migalastat, miglitol, and swainsonine) were chosen as lead compounds to develop three classes of glycosidase inhibitors (α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and mannosidase). Molecular modelling of the lead compounds, synthesis of the compounds with the highest docking scores, enzyme inhibition tests, and in vitro antiviral assays afforded rationally designed inhibitors. Two highly active α-glucosidase inhibitors were discovered, where one of them is the most potent iminosugar-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent to date (EC90 = 1.94 µM in A549-ACE2 cells against Omicron BA.1 strain). However, galactosidase inhibitors did not exhibit antiviral activity, whereas mannosidase inhibitors were both active and cytotoxic. As our iminosugar-based drug candidates act by a host-directed mechanism, they should be more resilient to drug resistance. Moreover, this strategy could be extended to identify potential drug candidates for other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Bihelovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Vulovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radomir Matovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Trmcic
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jankovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Pavlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Djurkovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nevena Kalicanin
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Sladic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radomir N Saicic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Chai X, Liu S, Liu C, Bai J, Meng J, Tian H, Han X, Han G, Xu X, Li Q. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater by quantitative PCR and digital PCR: a case study in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2324502. [PMID: 38465692 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2324502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the first long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Mainland China from November 2021 to October 2023. The city of Shijiazhuang was employed for this case study. We developed a triple reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) method using triple primer-probes for simultaneous detection of the N1 gene, E gene, and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) to achieve accurate quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. Both the RT-ddPCR method and the commercial multiplex reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method were implemented for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Shijiazhuang City over a 24-month period. Results showed that SARS-CoV-2 was detected for the first time in the wastewater of Shijiazhuang City on 10 November 2022. The peak of COVID-19 cases occurred in the middle of December 2022, when the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater was highest. The trend of virus concentration increases and decreases forming a "long-tailed" shape in the COVID-19 outbreak and recession cycle. The results indicated that both multiplex RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR are effective in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, but RT-ddPCR is capable of detecting low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater which is more efficient. The SARS-CoV-2 abundance in wastewater is correlated to clinical data, outlining the public health utility of this work.HighlightsFirst long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Mainland ChinaCOVID-19 outbreak was tracked in Shijiazhuang City from outbreak to containmentWastewater was monitored simultaneously using RT-ddPCR and RT-qPCR methodsTriple primer-probe RT-ddPCR detects N1 and E genes of SARS-CoV-2 and PMMoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Chai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyou Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shijiazhuang Qiaodong Sewage Treatment Plant, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Bai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Meng
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tian
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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41
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Willems S, Vanden Bussche P, Van Poel E, Collins C, Klemenc-Ketis Z. Moving forward after the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned in primary care from the multi-country PRICOV-19 study. Eur J Gen Pract 2024; 30:2328716. [PMID: 38511848 PMCID: PMC10984223 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2024.2328716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the indispensable role of primary care. Objectives: Recognising this, the PRICOV-19 study investigated how 5,489 GP practices across 38 countries (Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kosovo*, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, and United Kingdom) adapted their care delivery during the pandemic. METHODS Based on a series of discussions on the results of the PRICOV-19 study group, eight recommendations to enhance primary care's preparedness for future crises were formulated and endorsed by EQuiP and WONCA Europe. RESULTS The recommendations underscore the importance of recognising and sustaining the substantial strides made in patient safety within GP practices during the pandemic in current daily practices; acknowledging and supporting the pivotal role of GP practices in addressing health inequalities during crises; adopting interprofessional care models to enhance practices' resilience and adaptability to change; supporting training practices; creating healthy working environments; investing in infrastructure that supports adequate and safe care; and increasing funding for research on patient safety and primary care quality to inform evidence-based health policies and fostering international knowledge exchange among healthcare professionals and policymakers. CONCLUSION Policymakers, primary care associations, and the broader healthcare system are urged to collaboratively take responsibility and increase support for GP practices to enhance their resilience, adaptability, and capacity to deliver safe and equitable healthcare during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Willems
- Equity Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Quality and Safety Ghent, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- European Association for Quality and Patient Safety in General Practice/Family Medicine
| | - Pierre Vanden Bussche
- Quality and Safety Ghent, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- European Association for Quality and Patient Safety in General Practice/Family Medicine
- Academic Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Van Poel
- Equity Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Quality and Safety Ghent, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claire Collins
- Equity Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zalika Klemenc-Ketis
- European Association for Quality and Patient Safety in General Practice/Family Medicine
- Ljubljana Community Health Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Cai J, Zhang H, Zhu K, Zhu F, Wang Y, Wang S, Xie F, Zhang M, Rui L, Li S, Lin K, Xue Q, Yuan G, Wang H, Zhang Y, Fu Z, Song J, Zhang Y, Ai J, Zhang W. Risk of reinfection and severity with the predominant BA.5 Omicron subvariant China, from December 2022 to January 2023. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2292071. [PMID: 38054806 PMCID: PMC10849001 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2292071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Data on reinfection in large Asian populations are limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the reinfection rate, disease severity, and time interval between the infections in the symptomatic and asymptomatic populations which are firstl infected with BA.2 Omicron Variant. We retrospectively included adult patients with COVID-19 discharged from four designated hospitals between 27 April 2021 and 30 November 2022, who were interviewed via telephone from 29 January to 1 March 2023. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to explore risk factors associated with reinfection. A total of 16,558 patients were followed up, during the telephone survey of an average of 310.0 days, 1610 (9.72%) participants self-reported reinfection. The mean time range of reinfection was 257.9 days. The risks for reinfection were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Patients with severe first infection were at higher risk for reinfection (aORs, 2.50; P < 0.001). The male (aORs,0.82; P < 0.001), the elderly (aORs, 0.44; P < 0.001), and patients with full vaccination (aORs, 0.67; P < 0.001) or booster (aORs, 0.63; P < 0.001) had the lower risk of reinfection. Patients over 60 years of age (aORs,9.02; P = 0.006) and those with ≥2 comorbidities (aORs,11.51; P = 0.016). were at higher risk for severe reinfection. The number of clinical manifestations of reinfection increases in people with severe first infection (aORs, 2.82; P = 0.023). The overall reinfection rate was 9.72%, and the reinfection rate of Omicron-to-Omicron subvariants was 9.50% at one year. The severity of Omicron-Omicron reinfection decreased. Data from our clinical study may provide clinical evidence and bolster response preparedness for future COVID-19 reinfection waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Faren Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Rui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanlin Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanmin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangfan Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Nanjing Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Y, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Cndotti F, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Shi J, Forsman H, Lee P, Yang L, Filatov A, Zhai Z, Liu C. The characterization of CD8 + T-cell responses in COVID-19. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2287118. [PMID: 37990907 PMCID: PMC10786432 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of the protective role of CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cross-reactive responses intermediated by CD8+ T cells in unexposed cohorts are described. Additionally, the relevance of resident CD8+ T cells in the upper and lower airway during infection and CD8+ T-cell responses following vaccination are discussed, including recent worrisome breakthrough infections and variants of concerns (VOCs). Lastly, we explain the correlation between CD8+ T cells and COVID-19 severity. This review aids in a deeper comprehension of the association between CD8+ T cells and SARS-CoV-2 and broadens a vision for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fabio Cndotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junming Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Vuori J, Määttänen I. "It takes a lot of sisu to get through it"- managerial experiences of facing adversities during pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2291242. [PMID: 38055783 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2291242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sisu refers to extraordinary internal strength in the face of adversities. Although originally a Finnish concept, it can be a universally useful concept for studying managerial well-being and performance during difficult or even emergency periods. Previous research on sisu categorizes it into beneficial and harmful sisu and suggests that these two dimensions of sisu are useful when studying determination and resoluteness in crisis situations. This study applies the concept of sisu to examine managers' well-being in times of crisis. METHODOLOGY Interviews were conducted with 15 managers in the hotel, manufacturing and retail industries in Finland. RESULTS The beneficial effects of sisu seem to dissolve when it is used too often. The study also highlighted the paradoxical tension involved in the decision to stop or continue actions in a difficult situation and contributes to sisu research by discussing collective sisu. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that beneficial sisu helps to overcome adversity, while harmful sisu causes distortions in thinking that are detrimental to managers. Understanding one's own tendency towards beneficial or harmful sisu in difficult situations can help in managerial work. Collective sisu is an excellent resource for overcoming difficult situations in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vuori
- Research area of entrepreneurship and business transformation, Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Määttänen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Coutant F, Touret F, Pin JJ, Alonzo M, Baronti C, Munier S, Attia M, de Lamballerie X, Ferry T, Miossec P. Neutralizing and enhancing monoclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients: lessons from early variant infection and impact on shaping emerging variants. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2307510. [PMID: 38240255 PMCID: PMC10829827 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Serological studies of COVID-19 convalescent patients have identified polyclonal lineage-specific and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs), with varying effector functions against virus variants. Individual specificities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs and their impact on infectivity by other variants have been little investigated to date. Here, we dissected at a monoclonal level neutralizing and enhancing Abs elicited by early variants and how they affect infectivity of emerging variants. B cells from 13 convalescent patients originally infected by D614G or Alpha variants were immortalized to isolate 445 naturally-produced anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were tested for their abilities to impact the cytopathic effect of D614G, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) variants. Ninety-eight exhibited robust neutralization against at least one of the three variant types, while 309 showed minimal or no impact on infectivity. Thirty-eight mAbs enhanced infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Infection with D614G/Alpha variants generated variant-specific (65 neutralizing Abs, 35 enhancing Abs) and cross-reactive (18 neutralizing Abs, 3 enhancing Abs) mAbs. Interestingly, among the neutralizing mAbs with cross-reactivity restricted to two of the three variants tested, none demonstrated specific neutralization of the Delta and Omicron variants. In contrast, cross-reactive mAbs enhancing infectivity (n = 3) were found exclusively specific to Delta and Omicron variants. Notably, two mAbs that amplified in vitro the cytopathic effect of the Delta variant also exhibited neutralization against Omicron. These findings shed light on functional diversity of cross-reactive Abs generated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and illustrate how the balance between neutralizing and enhancing Abs facilitate variant emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Immunology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Pin
- Eurobio Scientific/Dendritics – Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Marina Alonzo
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Baronti
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Sandie Munier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Paris, France
| | - Mikaël Attia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hospices Civils of Lyon - Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Team, University of Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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Olanlesi-Aliu A, Tulli M, Kemei J, Bonifacio G, Reif LC, Cardo V, Roche H, Hurley N, Salami B. A scoping review on the operationalization of intersectional health research methods in studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2302305. [PMID: 38207090 PMCID: PMC10786425 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2302305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and became a global health crisis with devastating impacts. This scoping review maps the key findings of research about the pandemic that has operationalized intersectional research methods around the world. It also tracks how these studies have engaged with methodological tenets of oppression, comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. METHODS Our search resulted in 14,487 articles, 5164 of which were duplicates, and 9297 studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In total, 14 articles were included in this review. We used thematic analysis to analyse themes within this work and Misra et al. (2021) intersectional research framework to analyse the uptake of intersectional methods within such studies. RESULTS The research related to the COVID-19 pandemic globally is paying attention to issues around the financial impacts of the pandemic, discrimination, gendered impacts, impacts of and on social ties, and implications for mental health. We also found strong uptake of centring research in the context of oppression, but less attention is being paid to comparison, relationality, complexity, and deconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the importance of intersectional research within public health policy formation, as well as room for greater rigour in the use of intersectional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Tulli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Janet Kemei
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Glenda Bonifacio
- Women and Gender Studies, Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Linda C. Reif
- CN Professor of International Trade, Law, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Valentina Cardo
- Politics and Identity, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Roche
- Department of English and Related Literature, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Hurley
- Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences, Memorial University¸Newfoundland and Labrador’s University, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Bukola Salami
- Intersections of Gender Signature Area, Intersections of Gender, Nursing, Fellow, Canadian Academy of Nursing, Health and Immigration Policies and Practices Research Program (HIPP), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Neely SR, Witkowski K. Belief in misinformation and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine boosters: A survey analysis. PEC Innov 2024; 4:100261. [PMID: 38357380 PMCID: PMC10865392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study examines the impact of misinformation belief on the willingness of American adults to receive ongoing COVID-19 vaccine boosters. Methods A representative survey of 600 adults in the state of Florida was fielded in August of 2023. For this study, responses were analyzed for the 443 previously vaccinated respondents in that sample using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results Among previously vaccinated individuals, belief in misinformation remained relatively high. 49% of respondents believe that COVID-19 vaccines contain a live strain of the virus, and roughly 40% believe that vaccines can cause you to "get sick" with COVID-19. Belief in misinformation was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the likelihood of receiving ongoing vaccine boosters, ceteris paribus. Conclusion While confidence in public health guidelines is the most compelling determinant of vaccine acceptance, misinformation continues to undermine vaccination efforts. Addressing common myths about COVID-19 vaccines may help to improve booster shot acceptance among previously vaccinated Americans. Innovation Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals and public health agencies have been forced to innovate in real-time, as digital platforms have fueled the spread of viral misinformation. This study aims to inform these efforts by exploring and deepening our understanding of the impact that belief in misinformation has on vaccination behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Neely
- School of Public Affairs, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, SOC 107, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Kaila Witkowski
- School of Public Administrtion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, SO 202, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
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Timlin U, Rautio A. Communicating and complying with COVID-19 actions in northernmost Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2313822. [PMID: 38351741 PMCID: PMC10868415 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2313822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In Finland, national and local restrictions were implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic after the increase of cases, and it changed the everyday life of people. The purpose of our study was to explore public health communication and compliance related to the COVID-19 public health instructions, recommendations, and restrictions in two municipalities in Northernmost Finland, Inari and Utsjoki. We interviewed the representatives and operators working in the municipalities to understand and learn about their experiences. Results suggested that residents complied with different COVID-19 actions, and overall, communication was found to be good. Altogether, guidelines were easy to follow but required the individual's own activity. Guidelines were also published in Sámi language. National border restrictions were a challenging part of communication and information, and guidelines were found to be contradictory at times. National border actions required resources from the municipalities, e.g. testing, which caused more demands on municipalities operating with already low resources. In the future, it is essential to consider the local situation of the pandemic and harmonise actions and put effort on local cooperation. It is important to invest in clear communication, which reaches people of all ages, and in three Sámi languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Timlin
- Arctic Health, Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and University of the Arctic, Finland
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Nlandu Y, Tannor EK, Bafemika T, Makulo JR. Kidney damage associated with COVID-19: from the acute to the chronic phase. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2316885. [PMID: 38561236 PMCID: PMC10986440 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2316885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infection is well established as a systemic disease including kidney damage. The entry point into the renal cell remains the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor and the spectrum of renal lesions is broad, with a clear predominance of structural and functional tubular lesions. The most common form of glomerular injury is collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), which is strongly associated with apolipoprotein L1(APOL-1) risk variants. These acute lesions, which are secondary to the direct or indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2, can progress to chronicity and are specific to long COVID-19 in the absence of any other cause. Residual inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to acute kidney injury (AKI) as a transitional state with or without severe histological lesions, may be responsible for greater kidney function decline in mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This review discusses the evidence for renal histological markers of chronicity in COVID-19 patients and triggers of low-grade inflammation that may explain the decline in kidney function in the post-COVID-19 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Nlandu
- Nephrology Unit, Kinshasa University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Elliot Koranteng Tannor
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Directorate of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Titilope Bafemika
- Renal Unit, Uniosun Teaching Hospital Osogbo, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Jean-Robert Makulo
- Nephrology Unit, Kinshasa University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Hwang YM, Roper RT, Piekos SN, Enquobahrie DA, Hebert MF, Paquette AG, Baloni P, Price ND, Hood L, Hadlock JJ. Timing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and risk for preterm birth and related adverse events: with a consideration of the COVID-19 pandemic period. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2313364. [PMID: 38342572 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2313364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is uncertainty around the safety of SSRIs for treating depression during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the use of SSRIs has been gradually increasing, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We aimed to (1) characterize maternal depression rate and use of SSRIs in a recent 10-year period, (2) address confounding by indication, as well as socioeconomic and environmental factors, and (3) evaluate associations of the timing of SSRI exposure in pregnancy with risk for preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA) infants among women with depression before pregnancy. METHODS We conducted propensity score-adjusted regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of PTB, LBW, and SGA. We accounted for maternal/pregnancy characteristics, comorbidity, depression severity, time of delivery, social vulnerability, and rural residence. RESULTS There were 50.3% and 40.3% increases in the prevalence rate of prenatal depression and prenatal SSRI prescription rate during the pandemic. We identified women with depression ≤180 days before pregnancy (n = 8406). Women with no SSRI order during pregnancy (n = 3760) constituted the unexposed group. The late SSRI exposure group consisted of women with an SSRI order after the first trimester (n = 3759). The early-only SSRI exposure group consisted of women with SSRI orders only in the first trimester (n = 887). The late SSRI exposure group had an increased risk of PTB of OR = 1.5 ([1.2,1.8]) and LBW of OR = 1.5 ([1.2,2.0]), relative to the unexposed group. Associations between late SSRI exposure and risk of PTB/LBW were similar among a subsample of patients who delivered during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an association between PTB/LBW and SSRI exposure is dependent on exposure timing during pregnancy. Small for gestational age is not associated with SSRI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Mi Hwang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Hebert
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison G Paquette
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Priyanka Baloni
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Providence St. Joseph Health, Renton, WA, USA
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