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Voci S, Vannoy KJ, Dick JE. Femtoliter oil droplets act as CO 2 micropumps for uninterrupted electrochemiluminescence at the water|oil interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:853-860. [PMID: 38330657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial effects are well-known to significantly alter chemical reactivity, especially in confined environments, where the surface to volume ratio increases. Here, we observed an inhomogeneity in the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) intensity decrease over time in a multiphasic system composed of femtoliter water droplets entrapping femtoliter volumes of the 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) continuous phase. In usual electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reactions involving an ECL chromophore and oxalate ([C2O4]2-), the build-up of CO2 diminishes the ECL signal with time because of bubble formation. We hypothesised that relative solubilities of chemical species in these environments play a dramatic role in interfacial reactivity. Water droplets, loaded with the ECL luminophore [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and the coreactant [C2O4]2- were allowed to stochastically collide and adsorb at the surface of a glassy carbon macroelectrode. When water droplets coalesce on the surface, they leave behind femtoliter droplets of the DCE phase (inclusions). We report the surprising finding that the addition of multiple interfaces, due to the presence of continuous phase's femtoliter inclusions, allows sustained ECL over time after successive potential applications at the triple-phase boundary between water droplet|electrode|DCE inclusion. When femtoliter droplets of DCE form on the electrode surface, bright rings of ECL are observed during the simultaneous oxidation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and [C2O4]2-. Control experiments and finite element modelling allowed us to propose that these rings arise because CO2 that is generated near the 1,2-dichloroethane droplet partitions in due to relative solubility of CO2 in 1,2-dichloroethane and builds up and/or is expelled at the top of the droplet. The small droplets of the DCE phase act as micropumps, pumping away carbon dioxide from the interface. These results highlight the unexpected point that confined microenvironments and their geometry can tune chemical reactions of industrial importance and fundamental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Voci
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Almocera AES, González AH, Hernandez-Vargas EA. Confinement tonicity on epidemic spreading. J Math Biol 2024; 88:46. [PMID: 38519724 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens are latent threats in our society with the risk of killing millions of people worldwide, without forgetting the severe economic and educational backlogs. From COVID-19, we learned that self isolation and quarantine restrictions (confinement) were the main way of protection till availability of vaccines. However, abrupt lifting of social confinement would result in new waves of new infection cases and high death tolls. Here, inspired by how an extracellular solution can make water move into or out of a cell through osmosis, we define confinement tonicity. This can serve as a standalone measurement for the net direction and magnitude of flows between the confined and deconfined susceptible compartments. Numerical results offer insights on the effects of easing quarantine restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Erich S Almocera
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Alejandro H González
- Institute of Technological Development for the Chemical Industry (INTEC), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Esteban A Hernandez-Vargas
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1103, USA.
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1103, USA.
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Rosely M, Meurice L, Larrieu S, Vilain P, Chatignoux E, Forgeot C, Filleul L. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on emergency data related to mental health disorders in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. Encephale 2024:S0013-7006(24)00009-5. [PMID: 38311490 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study estimates the association between emergency department (ED) visits for mental health disorders (MHDs) and the health context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. This retrospective study took place between 2018 and 2021 using ED data. We defined the main exposure according to five periods: "Pre-pandemic (reference)", "First lockdown", "Second lockdown", "Third lockdown", and "Pandemic out-of-lockdown." We constructed the daily indicators for each MHD-related ED visit based on medical diagnoses. We described and then modeled the daily time series using generalized additive models with a quasi-Poisson regression. The analysis included 5,693,341 ED visits of which MHDs accounted for 4%. We observed a decline in ED use for most indicators, particularly during the first lockdown. Models revealed a statistically significant relative increase in ED visits for almost all MHDs during the first lockdown; for anxiety and child psychiatric disorders during the second lockdown; and only for child psychiatric disorders during the pandemic out-of-lockdown period. The public health crisis and lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have been important sources of stress that could partially explain the deterioration of MHD indicators, thus leading to new public health concerns (notably among the youngest age group). Mental health is a major determinant of overall health and should therefore be considered in the management of crises that may require similar responses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Rosely
- Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine, C/o ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 103, bis, rue Belleville, 33063 Bordeaux cedex, France.
| | - Laure Meurice
- Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine, C/o ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 103, bis, rue Belleville, 33063 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Sophie Larrieu
- HORIANA, 80, bis rue Paul-Camelle, 33100 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Vilain
- Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine, C/o ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 103, bis, rue Belleville, 33063 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Edouard Chatignoux
- Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine, C/o ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 103, bis, rue Belleville, 33063 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Cécile Forgeot
- Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine, C/o ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 103, bis, rue Belleville, 33063 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Laurent Filleul
- Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine, C/o ARS Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 103, bis, rue Belleville, 33063 Bordeaux cedex, France
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Gaudel J, Ahalli S, Fort E, Bridai Y, Baborier N, Charbotel B. [The impact of lockdown on mental health in PhD students, a cohort study in a French university]. Encephale 2024; 50:75-84. [PMID: 37088577 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies are available on the health status of doctoral students. This position at the border between university studies and a professional activity presents specific risk factors, especially in terms of psychosocial constraints. The lockdowns implemented worldwide to control the COVID-19 pandemic are potentially worsening factors. METHODS At Lyon 1 University, a systematic medical follow-up of first year PhD students had been set up by the occupational health service in 2019. In the context of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, a telephonic interview was proposed to the same PhD students in order to assess the impact of the lockdown on working conditions and health and to provide possible assistance. During this interview, a standardized questionnaire was used to collect information about the conditions during the lockdown, doctoral work during this period and the consequences on research progress, as well as possible financial difficulties due to the lockdown. In addition, questions were asked about the perceived general health conditions and consultation with a health practitioner during this period. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Questions on lifestyle during lockdown, changes in diet during the period, weight change, and changes in the quantity and quality of their sleep were also asked. Comparisons of perceived health status, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms at baseline and during the follow-up survey were made by MacNemar Chi2 tests, as the data were repeated ones. The students were informed orally and in writing that their data would be entered anonymously into a computer and that they could have access to their data in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). They were all informed by e-mail about the study results at the end of the study. The data collection process was registered with the National Institute for Health Data (INDS) and with the university's register under reference no. 2020/002 by the university's data protection officer in compliance with the French data protection laws (CNIL). The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Lyon University College of General Medicine (notification number: 2020-10-29-02). RESULTS Of the 161 PhD students initially interviewed, 149 underwent a second interview. In total, 89.2% of the students assessed their health as good or very good. Regarding the answers to the GAD-7 questionnaire, 8.1% had a score equal to or higher than 10, corresponding to moderate to severe anxiety. Regarding the answers to PHQ-9, 19.6% of the PhD students had a score equal to or higher than 9 corresponding to moderate to severe depressive syndromes. The prevalence of an anxiety disorder was significantly associated with the absence of an outside private access in the place of residence during lockdown (75% vs. 37%), an increase in coffee consumption (33% vs. 5%), an increase in the quantity of food consumed (50% vs. 12%), weight gain (50% vs. 19%) and a deterioration in sleep quality (75% vs. 28%). The prevalence of a depressive symptom was significantly associated with lockdown in an urban area (89% vs. 70%), the occurrence of financial difficulties (7% vs. 1%), the consultation of a health professional during the period (34% vs. 15%), smoking cessation (14% vs. 1%), changes in the quantity (31% vs. 9%) and deterioration (59% vs. 25%) of the quality of sleep, and diet changes (66% vs. 43%). GAD-7 scores were unchanged for 90% of participants between the two surveys, but they were higher for 6.8% of doctoral students and lower for 2.7 % (P=0.1). A deterioration of the PHQ-9 scores, i.e. higher scores in the second survey compared to the first, was observed for 15.5% of the PhD students while an improvement of the scores was observed for 1.4% (P=0.0001). DISCUSSION A number of studies have been published on the impact of lockdown on mental health, but few of them focused specifically on PhD students and even fewer were prospective studies. Their results are therefore difficult to compare with ours; they generally show GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores that are similar to those of our population, or even higher. The impact of lockdown on the mental health of doctoral students highlighted in our study therefore justifies an appropriate follow-up of this population, particularly in the case of former psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Gaudel
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, université Gustave-Eiffel-IFSTTAR, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
| | - Saloua Ahalli
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, université Gustave-Eiffel-IFSTTAR, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; Service de médecine et santé au travail, université Lyon 1, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, université Gustave-Eiffel-IFSTTAR, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Yamina Bridai
- Service de médecine et santé au travail, université Lyon 1, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Nicole Baborier
- Service de médecine et santé au travail, université Lyon 1, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- UMRESTTE, UMR T 9405, université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, université Gustave-Eiffel-IFSTTAR, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; Service de médecine et santé au travail, université Lyon 1, domaine Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; CRPPE-Lyon, hospices civils de Lyon, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Yan W, Zhang Y, Bi Y. Subnanometric Bismuth Clusters Confined in Pyrochlore-Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 Enable Remarkable CO 2 Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316459. [PMID: 38018330 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly efficient photocatalysts for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) with water (H2 O) into chemical fuels is of great importance for energy sustainability and carbon resource utilization. Herein, we demonstrated a facile hydrothermal method for in situ construction of subnanometric Bi metallic clusters in pyrochlore-Bi2 Sn2 O7 frameworks, leading to the remarkable improvements of photocatalytic performances for CO2 reduction into CO in the absence of sacrificial reagent. More specifically, an outstanding CO evolution activity of 114.1 μmol g-1 h-1 has been achieved, more than 20-fold improvement compared with the pristine Bi2 Sn2 O7 (5.7 μmol g-1 h-1 ). Detailed experiments together with in situ characterizations reveal that the spatially confined Bi clusters could significantly promote charge-separation/electron-enrichment and adsorption/activation of CO2 molecules, which provides highly efficient reaction channels to facilitate the generation of *COOH intermediate as well as the subsequent desorption of *CO towards CO formation. These demonstrations provide an important knowledge for precise design and fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts for CO2 conversion into solar fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingpu Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Gutiérrez-Pérez IA, Delgado-Floody P, Molina-Gutiérrez N, Campos-Jara C, Parra-Rojas I, Contreras-Osorio FH, Falfán-Valencia R, Castro-Alarcón N, Guzmán-Guzmán IP. Changes in lifestyle and physical and mental health related to long- confinement due COVID-19: a study during the first and second pandemic waves in Mexico and Chile. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:174-190. [PMID: 37966812 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2281295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate changes in lifestyle, physical, and mental health during the confinement period of the first and second waves of COVID-19, as well as their relation to sociodemographic parameters and confinement status. Sociodemographic data and information regarding changes in their lifestyle behavior and changes in body weight and physical activity (PA) were collected. The SF-36 questionnaire was implemented for measuring the domains related to physical health (PH) and mental health (MH). The growth frequency of weight gain in the Mexican (4.8%) and Chilean (10.9%) populations was observed during the second wave. The MH component decreased in the Mexican and the Chilean population (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MH decreased significantly according to the degree of confinement (p < 0.01). Although some sociodemographic factors were related to the presence of a very low score (<50 scores) for the MH component during the first wave, it is perceived as a higher relative risk during the second wave in both populations. The long confinement due to COVID-19 is associated to negative changes in nutritional and physical lifestyle behavior, affecting mainly the MH component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nacim Molina-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad Católica de Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | | | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Shan L, Fang Z, Ding G, Shi Z, Dong L, Li D, Wu H, Li X, Suriyaprakash J, Zhou Y, Xiao Y. Electron confinement promoted the electric double layer effect of BiOI/β-Bi 2O 3 in photocatalytic water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:94-107. [PMID: 37708736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of photocatalysis, understanding the interface issues (solid/solid and solid/liquid) inherent in heterojunction at the atomic level is the ultimate for engineering an efficient photocatalyst. Herein, an electrophoretic deposition technique is adopted to synthesize BiOI/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction, exhibiting superior photocatalytic activity and stability in H2 evolution (91.5 μmol g-1 h-1) and H2O2 production (11.3 mg L-1 h-1). Combined with the experimental and computational results, a lower free energy of hydrogen evolution reaction (252.4 meV) has been observed contrast to BiOI and β-Bi2O3 samples. A carrier transfer process of like S-scheme heterojunction is proposed based on density of states (DOS) and carrier distribution calculations. The theoretical calculations illustrate the transition dipole moment, migration and accumulation of carrier in BiOI/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction. Subsequent ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) results of solid/liquid interface systems (BiOI/β-Bi2O3/H2O and β-Bi2O3/H2O) unravel the interface H2O (solvent) behaviors. The local aggregation of photo-generated electrons in BiOI/β-Bi2O3/H2O leads to a large potential drop, high proton migration rate and the steady electric double layer (EDL) structure compared to the β-Bi2O3/H2O, which facilitates the occurrence of photocatalytic reactions in solution. In addition to offering new insights into the hydrogen evolution and proton transfer in the EDL model and the association between the heterojunction effect and EDL structure, this work also introduces a novel design strategy for Bi-based heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwei Shan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zilan Fang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guodao Ding
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ziqi Shi
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Limin Dong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jagadeesh Suriyaprakash
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yangtao Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yanwei Xiao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO(2) Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
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Marchal Torralbo A, Rodoreda Noguerola S, Perez Martín V, Bielsa Pascual J, Lizana Alcazo MT, Manresa Domínguez MJ, Vedia Urgell C. [Emotional well-being, perceptions and attitudes against COVID-19 on adolescents]. Semergen 2023; 50:102158. [PMID: 38157749 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The worldwide pandemic of SARS-Cov2 has had a great impact on the lives of adolescents, affecting their health and well-being. There is little evidence of the emotional impact of the pandemic on adolescents. OBJECTIVE To explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of young people regarding COVID-19 and its impact on emotional well-being. METHOD A cross-sectional observational and descriptive study based on a survey of students aged 16-20 from five high schools in Barcelona metropolitan area. RESULTS The study was carried out on 291 surveys. Females made up 56.7% of the population. The average age was 16.9 years. A greater lack of knowledge about the transmission of the disease was detected. The most frequently used sources of information were social networks. In terms of emotional distress, the most important aspects were worry about getting sick (64%), family financial problems (46%), anxiety and irritability (27%), and apathy (26.5%). Gender differences were detected in terms of worries (women: 28.8%; men: 11.1%), sadness (women: 29.3%, men: 15.5%), and feelings of fear (women: 24.5%; men: 11%). 16.7% of the participants consulted a mental health professional, with this being more common in women (women: 23.8%; men: 7.4%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has affected the emotional well-being of adolescents, especially the female population. It is necessary to implement emotional well-being strategies in early childhood to cope with possible stressful situations in daily life and avoid future mental health problems. There is a growing use of social media to combat social isolation. The results of the study hold the potential to strategies aimed at preempting forthcoming biopsychosocial distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marchal Torralbo
- SAP Barcelonès Nord i Maresme, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, España; Referente Salud Comunitaria, Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut català de la salut, Sabadell, España; Referente programa «Salut i escola», Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, España.
| | - S Rodoreda Noguerola
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, España; Adjunta a la direcció d'Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, España; Grup de Recerca Multidisciplinar en Salut i Societat (GREMSAS), (2017 SGR 917), Barcelona, España
| | - V Perez Martín
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, España; EAP Santa Rosa, Institut Català de la Salut, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, España
| | - J Bielsa Pascual
- Grup de Recerca Multidisciplinar en Salut i Societat (GREMSAS), (2017 SGR 917), Barcelona, España; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, IDIAPJordi Gol, Mataró, España
| | | | - M J Manresa Domínguez
- EAP Santa Rosa, Institut Català de la Salut, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, España; Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - C Vedia Urgell
- SAP Barcelonès Nord i Maresme, Institut Català de la Salut, Badalona, España; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, España; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Shaw P, Wood E, Tang T, Berg P. Comment on "Breakdown of electroneutrality in nanopores". J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1285-1289. [PMID: 37478745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Levy et al. [1] reported the breakdown of electroneutrality in confined nanopores embedded in a dielectric medium. A Robin boundary condition was derived which eliminates the need to include the dielectric medium explicitly when solving for the electric field within the nanopore. In this comment, we point out issues related to the approximations made during the derivation of the boundary condition. The errors caused by the use of this boundary condition can be significant even for nanochannels of large aspect (length to radius) ratio, a condition on which the approximations in Levy et al. [1] are based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Shaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ethan Wood
- Department of Science, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Berg
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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Khadka D, Jayasinghe-Arachchige VM, Prabhakar R, Ramamurthy V. Application of molecular dynamic simulations in modeling the excited state behavior of confined molecules. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00486-2. [PMID: 37843722 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Relative to isotropic organic solvent medium, the structure and conformation of a reactant molecule in an organized and confining medium are often different. In addition, because of the rigidity of the immediate environment, the reacting molecule have a little freedom to undergo large changes even upon gaining energy or modifications in the electronic structure. These alterations give rise to differences in the photochemistry of a molecular and supramolecular species. In this study, one such example is presented. α-Alkyl dibenzylketones upon excitation in isotropic solvents give products via Norrish type I and type II reactions that are independent of the chain length of the alkyl substituent. On the other hand, when these molecules are enclosed within an organic capsule of volume ~ 550 Å3, they give products that are strikingly dependent on the length of the α-alkyl substitution. These previously reported experimental observations are rationalized based on the structures generated by molecular modeling (docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations). It is shown that MD simulations that are utilized extensively in biologically important macromolecules can also be useful to understand the excited state behavior of reactive molecules that are part of supramolecular assemblies. These simulations can provide structural information of the reactant molecule and the surroundings complementing that with the one obtained from 1 and 2D NMR experiments. MD simulated structures of seven α-alkyl dibenzylketones encapsulated within the octa acid capsule provide a clear understanding of their unique behavior in this restricted medium. Because of the rigidity of the medium, these structures although generated in the ground state can rationalize the photochemical behavior of the molecules in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Khadka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | | | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA.
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11
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Perullini M, Dulhoste S, Ribot F, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Bouvet OMM, Livage J, Nassif N. Bacteria metabolic adaptation to oxidative stress: the case of silica. J Biotechnol 2023; 374:80-89. [PMID: 37567503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the presence of silica in many living organisms offers advanced properties including cell protection, the different in vitro attempts to build living materials in pure silica never favoured the cells viability. Thus, little attention has been paid to host-guest interactions to modify the expected biologic response. Here we report the physiological changes undergone by Escherichia coli K-12 in silica from colloidal solution to gel confinement. We show that the physiological alterations in growing cultures are not triggered by the initial oxidative Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) response. Silica promotes the induction of alternative metabolic pathways along with an increase of growth suggesting the existence of rpoS polymorphisms. Since the functionality of hybrid materials depends on the specific biologic responses of their guests, such cell physiological adaptation opens perspectives in the design of bioactive devices attracting for a large field of sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Perullini
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Laboratorio de materiales funcionales con actividad biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sophie Dulhoste
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Laboratorio de materiales funcionales con actividad biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - François Ribot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Odile M M Bouvet
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Livage
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Nadine Nassif
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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12
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Wanner DM, Becker PM, Suhr S, Wannenmacher N, Ziegler S, Herrmann J, Willig F, Gabler J, Jangid K, Schmid J, Hans AC, Frey W, Sarkar B, Kästner J, Peters R. Cooperative Lewis Acid-1,2,3-Triazolium-Aryloxide Catalysis: Pyrazolone Addition to Nitroolefins as Entry to Diaminoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307317. [PMID: 37358186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolones represent an important structural motif in active pharmaceutical ingredients. Their asymmetric synthesis is thus widely studied. Still, a generally highly enantio- and diastereoselective 1,4-addition to nitroolefins providing products with adjacent stereocenters is elusive. In this article, a new polyfunctional CuII -1,2,3-triazolium-aryloxide catalyst is presented which enables this reaction type with high stereocontrol. DFT studies revealed that the triazolium stabilizes the transition state by hydrogen bonding between C(5)-H and the nitroolefin and verify a cooperative mode of activation. Moreover, they show that the catalyst adopts a rigid chiral cage/pore structure by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, by which stereocontrol is achieved. Control catalyst systems confirm the crucial role of the triazolium, aryloxide and CuII , requiring a sophisticated structural orchestration for high efficiency. The addition products were used to form pyrazolidinones by chemoselective C=N reduction. These heterocycles are shown to be valuable precursors toward β,γ'-diaminoamides by chemoselective nitro and N-N bond reductions. Morphological profiling using the Cell painting assay identified biological activities for the pyrazolidinones and suggest modulation of DNA synthesis as a potential mode of action. One product showed biological similarity to Camptothecin, a lead structure for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Wanner
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick M Becker
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon Suhr
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nick Wannenmacher
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Justin Herrmann
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix Willig
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Gabler
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Khushbu Jangid
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juliane Schmid
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hans
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Peters
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Organische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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García-García J, Mañas A, González-Gross M, Espin A, Ara I, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Casajús JA, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Physical activity, sleep, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A one-year longitudinal study of Spanish university students. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19338. [PMID: 37809454 PMCID: PMC10558350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this longitudinal study was to analyze changes in physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, anxiety, mood, and perceived health as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in a cohort of Spanish university students, both during the home confinement and one year after. Additionally, we analyzed the associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and other measured parameters. Data were collected through two online questionnaires that included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and self-reported anxiety, mood, and perceived health levels before, during and one year after home confinement. Participants reported decreased physical activity, increased sedentary time, and deterioration in sleep quality and perceived health during confinement. Most parameters had improved one year later; however, the participants still reported less physical activity, more sedentary time, and deterioration in sleep quality and perceived health compared to before confinement. Men reported greater reduction of physical activity during home confinement than women. In contrast, women reported reduced physical activity one year after confinement, whereas men reported increased activity. Participants reported higher anxiety and worse mood both during and one year post-confinement compared to pre-confinement, with women reporting higher levels of anxiety than men. Sports science students were closer to regaining pre-pandemic levels of physical activity one year post-confinement than students in other disciplines. Sleep, anxiety, and mood were worse among students with obesity compared to students in other BMI categories. Overall, increased physical activity and decreased sedentary time were associated with less anxiety and better sleep, mood, and perceived health during and one year post-confinement. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, anxiety, mood, and perceived health were disrupted one year after home confinement. Higher levels of physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with preserved sleep and mental health during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia García-García
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Clinical Nursing and Community Health Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Asier Mañas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla- La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla- La Mancha (JCCM), Castilla- La Mancha, 45004, Spain
- Center UCM- ISCIII for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Didactics of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ander Espin
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Clinical Nursing and Community Health Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla- La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla- La Mancha (JCCM), Castilla- La Mancha, 45004, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Clinical Nursing and Community Health Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- AgeingOn Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Clinical Nursing and Community Health Research Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903, Spain
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14
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Ettayeb R, Couanon M, David C, Touze R, Bourges JL, Tuil E, Adam R, Nordmann JP, Bennedjai A. Epidemiological features of ophthalmic emergencies during the COVID-19 lockdown: Impact of the health crisis in a tertiary care center. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:712-719. [PMID: 37429806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study is to examine changing patterns of ophthalmic visits in an emergency eye care unit of a tertiary referral center in Paris, France, during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to a control period. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective, observational, epidemiological study. We included all visits in the emergency eye care unit of the Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Center, Paris, France, from March 17, 2020 to April 30, 2020, and a corresponding time period in 2016. We analyzed patients' demographic factors, chief complaints, referral patterns, examination findings, treatment provided, hospitalizations and surgical interventions. RESULTS During the 6weeks of lockdown, 3547 emergency visits were recorded. The control group contained 2108 patients from June 6-19, 2016. There was a decrease of approximately 50% in the number of average daily visitations. The frequency of serious diagnoses (including severe eye inflammation, serious infections, retinal vascular pathologies, surgical emergencies, and neuro-ophthalmology), increased overall during the period (P=0.03). The proportion of low severity pathologies decreased (P<0.001) between the two periods. In addition, an increased amount of ancillary testing was performed (P<0.001). Finally, the rate of hospitalizations was significantly lower during the lockdown period (P<0.001). CONCLUSION A significant reduction in total ophthalmic presentations in the emergency eye care unit was observed during the lockdown period. However, the proportion of emergencies requiring specialized treatments (surgical, infectious, inflammatory and neuro-ophthalmological pathologies) increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ettayeb
- Service 2, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - M Couanon
- Service 2, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - C David
- Service 5, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Touze
- Hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - E Tuil
- Service des urgences, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France
| | - R Adam
- Service 2, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - J-P Nordmann
- Service 2, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
| | - A Bennedjai
- Service 2, centre hospitalier national des Quinze-Vingts, 28, rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris, France
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15
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Zhang BT, Yan Z, Zhao J, Chen Z, Liu Y, Fan M, Du W. Peroxymonocarbonate activation via Co nanoparticles confined in metal-organic frameworks for efficient antibiotic degradation in different actual water matrices. Water Res 2023; 243:120340. [PMID: 37480599 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditional advanced oxidation processes suffer from low availability of ultrashort lifetime radicals and declining stability of catalysts. Co nanoparticles in hollow bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (Co@MOFs) were synthesized via a solvothermal method. Nanoconfinement and peroxymonocarbonate (PMC) degradation system endows Co@MOFs with high catalytic activity and stability even in the actual water matrices. The nanocomposites exhibited 100-200 nm polyhedron structure with irregular nanocavity between the 20 nm shell and multicores. Co nanoparticles were completely encapsulated by the FeIII-MOF-5 shell according to the X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectra. Both 0.8 nm micropores and 3.6 nm mesopores were proven to be present. The yolk-shell Co@MOFs exhibited higher catalytic performance than that of Co nanoparticles, hollow FeIII-MOF-5 and its core-shell counterpart toward PMC activation during sulfamethoxazole degradation. The catalytic activities of Co@MOFs for the activation of unsymmetrical peroxides (PMC and peroxymonosulfate) were much higher than those for the symmetrical peroxides (H2O2 and persulfate) and the heterogeneous catalysis was dominant in the Co@MOFs activated H2O2 and PMC systems. The MOF stability was the highest and metal leakages were the least in the activated PMC system among the four peroxides because of mild reaction conditions and the alkalescent solution (pH = 8.3-8.4). Furthermore, the high removal efficiencies (>94%) and degradation rates could be maintained in the different actual water matrices due to the confinement effects. The contributions of carbonate and hydroxyl radicals were primary for sulfamethoxazole degradation, and superoxide anion and singlet oxygen also played essential roles according to scavenging experiments and time-series spin-trapping electron spin resonance spectra. Six degradation pathways were proposed according to 26 intermediate identification and the pharmacophores of more than 80% intermediates were destroyed, which would benefit subsequent biological treatment. Successful combination of nanoconfinement and PMC might provide a new effective solution for pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tao Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zihan Yan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Maohong Fan
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States.
| | - Wei Du
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
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16
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Di Pino S, Perez Sirkin YA, Morzan UN, Sánchez VM, Hassanali A, Scherlis DA. Water Self-Dissociation is Insensitive to Nanoscale Environments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306526. [PMID: 37379226 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement effects on water dissociation and reactivity remain controversial, despite their importance to understand the aqueous chemistry at interfaces, pores, or aerosols. The pKw in confined environments has been assessed from experiments and simulations in a few specific cases, leading to dissimilar conclusions. Here, with the use of carefully designed ab initio simulations, we demonstrate that the energetics of bulk water dissociation is conserved intact to unexpectedly small length-scales, down to aggregates of only a dozen molecules or pores of widths below 2 nm. The reason is that most of the free-energy involved in water autoionization comes from breaking the O-H covalent bond, which has a comparable barrier in the bulk liquid, in a small droplet of nanometer size, or in a nanopore in the absence of strong interfacial interactions. Thus, dissociation free-energy profiles in nanoscopic aggregates or in 2D slabs of 1 nm width reproduce the behavior corresponding to the bulk liquid, regardless of whether the corresponding nanophase is delimited by a solid or a gas interface. The present work provides a definite and fundamental description of the mechanism and thermodynamics of water dissociation at different scales with broader implications on reactivity and self-ionization at the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solana Di Pino
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
- Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, I-34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yamila A Perez Sirkin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Uriel N Morzan
- Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, I-34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Verónica M Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Ali Hassanali
- Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, I-34151, Trieste, Italy
| | - Damian A Scherlis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
- Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, I-34151, Trieste, Italy
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17
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Pol R, Rahaman A, Diwakar M, Pable A, Jagtap S, Barvkar VT, Jadhav UU. Antioxidant peptide nanohybrid: a new perspective to immobilize bioactive peptides from milk industry wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28735-y. [PMID: 37454376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, dairy industry wastewater was collected and used as a protein source. The proteins were converted into powder form using lyophilization. The proteins were digested using Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) NCIM 2724. The maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) of protein was observed at pH of 7, 30 °C incubation temperature, 120 rpm shaking speed, and 96 h incubation. The tris-glycine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (tris-glycine-SDS) gel electrophoresis showed the disappearance of large molecular weight proteins due to the proteolytic action of B. subtilis. The resulting digest was fractionated using a 3 kDa membrane filter. The antioxidant activity of the obtained fractions was evaluated. Antioxidant activity of digest and filtrate was found to be 12.78% (±0.040) and 49% (±0.025), respectively, at a concentration of 50 mg/mL. The 3 kDa filtrate was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the sequences of antioxidant peptides. Furthermore, the 3 kDa filtrate was used for the synthesis of antioxidant nanohybrid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the nanohybrid formation and encapsulation of peptides. The antioxidant nanohybrid showed enhanced antioxidant activity compared to the free peptide solution. The dairy industry has a significant environmental impact due to high water use and waste generation. This study addresses an important issue of recycling protein-containing wastewater and the potential to be used for converting these proteins into antioxidant peptides. Such practices will help to reduce environmental impact and sustainably operate the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Pol
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alisha Rahaman
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manasi Diwakar
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anupama Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta Jagtap
- Department of Electronic and Instrumentation Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Umesh U Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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18
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Aburub A. The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Reading Behavior. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2023; 19:e174501792304260. [PMID: 37916206 PMCID: PMC10351337 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-e230505-2022-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic was detrimental to lifestyle and behavior. In this investigation, changes in reading habits during the pandemic were examined. Methods The study is cross-sectional and survey-based. 1844 individuals completed an online survey about sociodemographic and reading habits during COVID-19. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the study variables. Results Most of the participants were active readers (71.5%-83.2%). Fewer (13.8-18.0%) reported a decrease in reading, while about half reported a no change, and 1/3rd reported an increase. Changes in reading habits were related to age, education, job type, and income. Conclusion About half of the participants during the pandemic reported a change in reading habits. Interventions to further enhance reading among people during the pandemic might help ameliorate the negative impacts of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aseel Aburub
- Department of Physiotherapy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle Under Lyme, UK
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Qian W, Good MC. Peeking under the hood of early embryogenesis: Using tools and synthetic biology to understand native control systems and sculpt tissues. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 141:43-49. [PMID: 35525819 PMCID: PMC9633583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Early embryogenesis requires rapid division of pluripotent blastomeres, regulated genome activation, precise spatiotemporal signaling to pattern cell fate, and morphogenesis to shape primitive tissue architectures. The complexity of this process has inspired researchers to move beyond simple genetic perturbation into engineered devices and synthetic biology tools to permit temporal and spatial manipulation of the control systems guiding development. By precise alteration of embryo organization, it is now possible to advance beyond basic analytical strategies and directly test the sufficiency of models for developmental regulation. Separately, advances in micropatterning and embryoid culture have facilitated the bottom-up construction of complex embryo tissues allowing ex vivo systems to recapitulate even later stages of development. Embryos fertilized and grown ex vivo offer an excellent opportunity to exogenously perturb fundamental pathways governing embryogenesis. Here we review the technologies developed to thermally modulate the embryo cell cycle, and optically regulate morphogen and signaling pathways in space and time, specifically in the blastula embryo. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in cell patterning in two and three dimensions that have helped reveal the self-organizing properties and gene regulatory networks guiding early embryo organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Qian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C. Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence: (M.C.G), Address: 421 Curie Blvd, 1151 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia PA 19104
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20
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Auger A, Khanna RK, Bonicel P, Pisella PJ, Le Lez ML. [Impact of the French 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on the treatment and follow-up of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023:S0181-5512(23)00094-3. [PMID: 37248127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of the measures taken during the lockdown period from March 17 to May 11, 2020 on the management of patients with exudative age related macular degeneration treated by intravitreal anti-VEGF injections at the University Hospital of Tours. METHODS In this retrospective study, patients were included after analysis of the computerized medical records of patients with age related macular degeneration. Those who were treated for exudative age related macular degeneration who received at least 1 intravitreal injection in the 12 months prior and at least one consultation in the 6 months prior to the lockdown period, were included. The initial and final mean visual acuity were compared with a 5 letter non-inferiority margin. A subgroup analysis was performed according to outcomes. The visual acuities immediately after this period were also recorded. RESULTS In all, 595 eyes of 493 patients were included. The mean initial visual acuity was 59.6 letters, vs. 58.5 for the final visual acuity, i.e. a difference of -1.13 letters with a lower limit of the confidence interval of less than 5. The visual acuity on release from lockdown was comparable to the other 2 measurements. Initial visual acuity and the number of missed treatments were the main factors associated with functional loss. CONCLUSION Patients' visual acuity during the lockdown period was able to be maintained despite the restrictive measures and limitation of care access in France. The most common cause of substantial visual decline was missed intravitreal injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Auger
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital universitaire de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - R K Khanna
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - P Bonicel
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - P-J Pisella
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - M-L Le Lez
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
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21
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Li F, Gong X, Ren R, Xiong B, Zhu J. Effect of polymeric ligand grafting region on confined assembly of gold nanorods in cylindrical nanopores. Chemistry 2023:e202300955. [PMID: 37212621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The grafting region of polymeric ligands exhibit a significant influence on the assembly behavior of polymer tethered gold nanorods (AuNRs) in confined space. In this work, the effect of core size, molecular weight and grafting region of ligands on the assembly structure in cylindrical nanopores was investigated. It is found that polystyrene end-tethered AuNR (AuNR@End-PS) exhibits a dumbbell-like shape, while the AuNR with PS tethered on entire surface (AuNR@Full-PS) shows a rod-like morphology that gradually transforms into a spherical shape as the molecular weight increases. AuNR@End-PS is affected by the special steric hindrance at both ends, and prefers to form special structures such as inclination arrangement, whereas AuNR@Full-PS prefer to be arranged shoulder-to-shoulder in a chain-like assembly. The confinement effect was studied as well by varying the diameter of pores. The results show that the nanoparticles prefer to arrange into a regular and ordered assembly structure in the strong confinement spaces. Under the synergy of confined spaces and ligands at both ends, the AuNRs@End-PS are more likely to form a tilted order-assembly structure. The results of this work could provide new ideas and guidance for the preparation of ordered assembly of AuNRs with novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xianxian Gong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, No. 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, CHINA
| | - Rui Ren
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Foreign Languages, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Main Campus: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, No1037 Luoyu Road, 430074, Wuhan, CHINA
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22
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Villard C. Spatial confinement: A spur for axonal growth. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:54-62. [PMID: 35927121 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The concept of spatial confinement is the basis of cell positioning and guidance in in vitro studies. In vivo, it reflects many situations faced during embryonic development. In vitro, spatial confinement of neurons is achieved using different technological approaches: adhesive patterning, topographical structuring, microfluidics and the use of hydrogels. The notion of chemical or physical frontiers is particularly central to the behaviors of growth cones and neuronal processes under confinement. They encompass phenomena of cell spreading, boundary crossing, and path finding on surfaces with different adhesive properties. However, the most universal phenomenon related to confinement, regardless of how it is implemented, is the acceleration of neuronal growth. Overall, a bi-directional causal link emerges between the shape of the growth cone and neuronal elongation dynamics, both in vivo and in vitro. The sensing of adhesion discontinuities by filopodia and the subsequent spatial redistribution and size adaptation of these actin-rich filaments seem critical for the growth rate in conditions in which adhesive contacts and actin-associated clutching forces dominate. On the other hand, the involvement of microtubules, specifically demonstrated in 3D hydrogel environments and leading to ameboid-like locomotion, could be relevant in a wider range of growth situations. This review brings together a literature collected in distinct scientific fields such as development, mechanobiology and bioengineering that highlight the consequences of confinement and raise new questions at different cellular scales. Its ambition is to stimulate new research that could lead to a better understanding of what gives neurons their ability to establish and regulate their exceptional size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Villard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Université Paris Cité, UMR 8236 CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.
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23
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Hayes BH, Zhu PK, Wang M, Pfeifer CR, Xia Y, Phan S, Andrechak JC, Du J, Tobin MP, Anlas A, Dooling LJ, Vashisth M, Irianto J, Lampson MA, Discher DE. Confinement plus Myosin-II suppression maximizes heritable loss of chromosomes, as revealed by live-cell ChReporters. J Cell Sci 2023:308945. [PMID: 37158012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell's mechanical environment can have many effects, but whether it impacts a cell's DNA sequence has remained unclear. To investigate this, we developed a live-cell method to measure changes in chromosome numbers. We edited constitutive genes with GFP/RFP-tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome-reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. We applied our new tools to confined mitosis and to inhibition of the putative tumor suppressor Myosin-II. We quantified compression of mitotic chromatin in vivo and demonstrated that similar compression in vitro resulted in cell death, but also rare and heritable ChReptorter loss. Myosin-II suppression rescued lethal multipolar divisions and maximized ChReporter loss in 3D-compression and 2D-confinement, but not in standard 2D-culture. ChReporter loss associated with chromosome mis-segregation, rather than just the number of divisions, and loss in vitro and in mice was selected against in subsequent 2D-cultures. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) caused ChReporter loss in 2D, as expected, but not in 3D-compression, suggesting a SAC perturbation. Thus, confinement and myosin-II affect DNA sequence and mechano-evolution, and ChReporters enable diverse studies of viable genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Kuangzheng Zhu
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R Pfeifer
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junhong Du
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alisya Anlas
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dooling
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Dennis E Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Escribà-Salvans A, Vemorel C, Font-Jutglà C, Minobes-Molina E, Goutan-Roura E, Rosa-Oliveira V, Jerez-Roig J. [Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the incidence and severity of falls in institutionalized older people: A longitudinal study]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2023; 58:155-160. [PMID: 36931911 PMCID: PMC9970918 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, virus contention measures such as strict confinement were declared in nursing homes. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of confinement on the incidence of falls and their associated factors in institutionalized older persons during the first year of the pandemic compared to the previous year. METHODS A multicenter, comparative study was conducted between the pre-pandemic year (March 2019 to February 2020) and the first year (March 2020 to February 2021) in five nursing homes in Catalonia (Spain). The number of falls, date, placement and consequences were recorded, as well as sociodemographic and health information. A descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed, calculating odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance of p<0.05. RESULTS The sample consisted of 80 individuals, with a mean age of 84.4 years, 83.7% being women. In the first year of the pandemic, the number of falls per person increased by 0.21% (32.0% in rooms). In multivariate analysis of the pre-pandemic period, the risk of sarcopenia (OR = 4.02; 95% CI [1.09-14.82], p = 0.036) was a risk factor for falls independently of age and hypertension. In the first year of pandemic no statistically significant associated factors were found. CONCLUSIONS In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a 15.6% increase in falls and an 8.7% increase in the number of people who fell compared to the previous year. The falls' location changed from common areas to bedrooms and increased in severity, with a 10.1% increase in fractures. Older age, risk of sarcopenia and arterial hypertension were associated with falls during the pre-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Escribà-Salvans
- Grupo de Investigación en Metodología, Métodos, Modelos y Resultados de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud (M(3)O), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Social, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España
| | - Chloé Vemorel
- Grupo de Investigación en Metodología, Métodos, Modelos y Resultados de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud (M(3)O), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Social, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España
| | - Cristina Font-Jutglà
- Grupo de Investigación en Metodología, Métodos, Modelos y Resultados de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud (M(3)O), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Social, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España
| | - Eduard Minobes-Molina
- Grupo de Investigación en Metodología, Métodos, Modelos y Resultados de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud (M(3)O), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Social, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España; Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, Madrid, España.
| | - Ester Goutan-Roura
- Grupo de Investigación Laboratorio de Reparación y Regeneración Tisular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Bienestar, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Central Universidad de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España
| | - Vinicius Rosa-Oliveira
- Grupo de Investigación en Metodología, Métodos, Modelos y Resultados de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud (M(3)O), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Social, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Grupo de Investigación en Metodología, Métodos, Modelos y Resultados de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud (M(3)O), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Social, Centro de Investigación en Salud y Asistencia Social (CESS), Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, España
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25
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Wu W, Cui J, Sultan U, Gromotka L, Malgaretti P, Damm C, Harting J, Vogel N, Peukert W, Inayat A, Fröba AP. Diffusion of gold nanoparticles in porous silica monoliths determined by dynamic light scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:251-64. [PMID: 36933471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The applicability of the dynamic light scattering method for the determination of particle diffusivity under confinement without applying refractive index matching was not adequately explored so far. The confinement effect on particle diffusion in a porous material which is relevant for particle chromatography has also not yet been fully characterized. EXPERIMENTS Dynamic light scattering experiments were performed for unimodal dispersions of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped gold nanoparticles. Diffusion coefficients of gold nanoparticles in porous silica monoliths were determined without limiting refractive index matching fluids. Comparative experiments were also performed with the same nanoparticles and porous silica monolith but applying refractive index matching. FINDINGS Two distinct diffusivities could be determined inside the porous silica monolith, both smaller than that in free media, showing a slowing-down of the diffusion processes of nanoparticles under confinement. While the larger diffusivity can be related to the slightly slowed-down diffusion of particles in the bulk of the pores and in the necks connecting individual pores, the smaller diffusivity might be related to the diffusion of particles near the pore walls. It shows that the dynamic light scattering method with a heterodyne detection scheme can be used as a reliable and competitive tool for determining particle diffusion under confinement.
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Barnes RSK. Seagrass macrobenthic biodiversity does not vary in conformity with a leaky-lagoonal confinement gradient. Mar Environ Res 2023; 185:105897. [PMID: 36738698 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal lagoon ecology often changes on progression from the open, well-flushed mouth region to the depositional zone furthest from the open sea. This is generally considered consequent on increasing 'confinement' and associated features, rather than on the often co-occurringly decreasing salinity. The 12 km Rainbow Channel connecting part of Moreton Bay, a microtidal leaky lagoon, to the adjacent Pacific provides a gradient of increasing confinement without any significant salinity change, i.e. a tenfold increase in water residence time for a salinity decrease of <1. Macrobenthic faunal assemblages characterising intertidal Zostera seagrass at strategic points along its length were compared to test whether their nature changed in conformity with confinement models. Results suggest that it does not; faunal abundance, species richness, evenness and composition remaining effectively unchanged along the gradient. Seagrass systems may constitute a special case because they decouple renewal times of the overlying water and local organic enrichment/decomposition; as may leaky lagoons because of their high tidal velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S K Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia; Department of Zoology and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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27
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Díaz-Méndez C, Ramos-Truchero G. From the economic crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: The challenges for healthy eating in times of crisis. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2023; 31:100655. [PMID: 36624892 PMCID: PMC9812464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Allia J, Ait Saada G, Bronsard N, Gonzalez JF, Boileau P, Trojani C. The impact of confinement on orthopaedic and trauma surgical activity. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023; 109:103113. [PMID: 34653645 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On the 16th of March 2020, in the face of a health emergency declared in France, the government imposed containment measures whose impact on orthopaedic and trauma surgery remains to be demonstrated. The hypothesis of this study was that confinement reduced orthopaedic and trauma surgical activity. The main objective was to assess orthopaedic and trauma surgical activity during confinement and to compare it to the activity outside confinement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective, monocentric, observational and comparative study of a continuous cohort of patients included during the confinement period of March 16th to May 11th, 2020. This cohort was retrospectively compared to a group of patients over the same non-confinement period in the previous year, from March 16th to May 11th, 2019. The primary outcome measured was the incidence rate of surgical activity in 2020 versus 2019 over an identical period. The secondary outcome was the analysis of the trauma identified. RESULTS The number of patients operated on was significantly reduced during confinement: 194 patients were included in 2020, i.e. an incidence of 57 per 100,000 inhabitants against 772 patients included in 2019, i.e. an incidence of 227 per 100,000 inhabitants; p<0.001. Planned orthopaedic surgery decreased from an incidence rate of 147 in 2019 to 5 in 2020 per 100,000 inhabitants (p<0.001). Trauma surgery decreased from an incidence rate of 80 in 2019 to 50 in 2020 per 100,000 inhabitants (p: NS). We found a significant increase in patients over 65years of age during confinement, 70% compared to 61% in 2019; p=0.04. The rate of femoral neck fractures was significantly increased during confinement, 48.5% compared to 39.3% in 2019; p=0.03. Degenerative surgery was significantly reduced during confinement (p<0.001). DISCUSSION This study shows that the surgical activity of orthopaedics and trauma was significantly reduced by confinement, with a difference in incidence of 170 per 100,000 inhabitants, thus confirming the hypothesis of the authors. This decrease is due to both the cessation of planned orthopaedics and the 40% decrease in the number of trauma patients. During confinement, the percentage of patients over the age of 65 with a fracture increased significantly. CONCLUSION Confinement had a significant impact on orthopaedic and trauma surgical activity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; comparative and retrospective.
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García-Arcos JM, Gateau K, Venkova L, Piel M. Extended Methods for 2D Confinement. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:63-81. [PMID: 36653702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Physical confinement in microfluidic devices has become a common technique to induce and study cell migration in a large range of cell types. Confined migration was previously understudied due to the limitations of 2D migration assays but has emerged as an important mode of migration in the past decade. Furthermore, confinement improves the quality of the imaging and simplifies the analysis of trajectories by confining migration to the plane of acquisition. Protocols described in this chapter relate to methods extending the previously published 2D confinement technique. First, we explain a method to increase the complexity of the confinement chamber by microfabricating nanometer-sized PDMS grooves on the bottom surface, usually used for contact guidance studies. Then, we describe a method to perform the confinement on cells embedded inside a μm-thin 3D collagen gel. Finally, we describe an alternative method to confine cells based on agarose, so that cells can be fixed or drug perfused while being confined, which is currently not possible in the 2D confinement silicone-based device.
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30
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Monge S, Latasa Zamalloa P, Sierra Moros MJ, Pérez Olaso O, García San Miguel L, Varela C, Rivera Ariza S, Vázquez Torres MC, Olmedo Lucerón MDC, González Yuste P, Soler Crespo P, Segura Del Pozo J, Gullón P, Carrasco JM, Martínez Sánchez EV, Redondo Bravo L, Pichiule Castañeda M, Purriños Hermida MJ, Hervada Vidal X, Huerta Gonzalez I, Margolles M, Vanaclocha Luna H, Ramalle Gómara E, Pérez Martín JJ, Chirlaque López MD, López Fernández MJ, Lorusso N, Carmona Ubago A, Rivas Perez A, Ramos Marin V, Criado Alvarez JJ, Castrillejo Pérez D, Góméz Anés AA, Frontera M, Macias Rodriguez P, Álvarez León EE, Díaz Casañas M, Lopaz Perez MA, Alonso Pérez de Ágreda JP, Navas Gutierrez P, Rosell Aguilar I, Arteagoitia Axpe JM, Gonzalez Carril F, Aparicio Azcárraga P, Simón Soria F, Suarez Rodríguez B. Lifting COVID-19 mitigation measures in Spain (May-June 2020). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2023; 41:11-17. [PMID: 36621243 PMCID: PMC9817760 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures. METHODS The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC. RESULTS The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%. CONCLUSION Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Varela
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Gullón
- APLICA Investigación y Traslación Soc Coop Mad, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xurxo Hervada Vidal
- General Directorate of Public Health, Autonomous Community of Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Mario Margolles
- General Directorate of Public Health, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ramalle Gómara
- General Directorate of Public Health, Consumption and Care, Autonomous Community of La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jaime Jesús Pérez Martín
- General Directorate of Public Health and Addictions, IMIB-Arrixaca. Murcia University, Region of Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Nicola Lorusso
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona Ubago
- General Directorate of Public Health and Pharmacy, Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan José Criado Alvarez
- Health Sciences Institute of Castile-La Mancha, Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain
| | | | - Atanasio A Góméz Anés
- General Directorate of Public Health and Consumption, Autonomous City of Melilla, Spain
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Ohkubo T, Nakayasu H, Takeuchi Y, Takeyasu N, Kuroda Y. Acidic layer-enhanced nano confinement of anions in cylindrical pore of single-walled carbon nanotube. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:238-244. [PMID: 36155918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of the nitrate ion by the cylindrical pore of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was found to be aided by an acidic adsorbed layer. Adsorbed water in the vicinity of the pore wall can supply protons through ionization, forming the acidic layer, according to Raman spectra and results of solution pH fluctuations caused by ion species adsorption. Such an acidic adsorbed layer leads to surplus adsorption of anionic species where the adsorbed amount of nitrate ions is much larger than that of cations. Also, we could observe the Raman bands being assignable to the symmetrical stretching mode at an extremely high-frequency region for nano-restricted nitrate ions compared to any other bulk phases. The abnormal band shift of adsorbed nitrate ions indicates that the nitrate ions are confined in the pore under the effects of nanoconfinement by the pore and the strong interaction with the acidic layer in the pore. Our results warn that we have to construct the adsorption model of aqueous electrolytes confined in carbon pores by deliberating the acid layer formed by the adsorbed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nakayasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takeyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushige Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Abstract
Molecular diffusion in liquids is a key process in numerous systems: it is often the reaction rate limiting factor in biological or chemical reaction. Molecular diffusion has been recognized as the ultimate mechanism by which substances concentration get homogenized and, thus, their mixing and dilution occur. Here, we propose a novel method to directly measure the diffusion coefficient D of solutes or suspensions in liquids. Differently from current methods, as Dynamic Light Scattering or Fluorescent Correlation Spectroscopy, our method does not rely on previous knowledge on the fluid or tracer properties, but it is based on directly measuring the concentration spatial profile of a considered tracer with optical techniques within a diffusion chamber. We test this novel method on a sample of mono-dispersed suspension of spherical colloids for which an estimate for D can be made based on Einstein-Stokes relation. We, then, use this technique to measure the diffusion coefficient of a non-spherical tracer. We further quantify mixing of the considered tracers in the confined domain of the diffusion chamber: we show that, since diffusion-limited mixing (quantified in terms of the dilution index) in a confined space happens faster than un-confined domain, the finite size of the diffusion chamber must be taken into account to properly estimate D and the tracer mixing degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hamada
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pietro de Anna
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bruzard H, Soler P, Varenne F, Sentis V, Fournié P, Soler V. [Influence of the COVID-19 pandemia on the ophthalmologic emergency department in the Toulouse University Hospital during the first lockdown from March the 17th to May the 10th of 2020]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:2-10. [PMID: 36503813 PMCID: PMC9701637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted this study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in France from March 17, 2020 to May 10, 2020, on the ophthalmic emergency department at Toulouse University Hospital, compared to the period from March 2 to March 16, 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective observational study, conducted in the ophthalmic emergency department of Toulouse University Hospital. We included the patients presenting to the emergency department from March 2 to May 10, 2020. We recorded age, sex, day of visit, time until care was received, past ocular history, outpatient or inpatient status, final diagnosis and its severity, outpatient or inpatient disposition, and medical or surgical treatment after the emergency department visit. RESULTS We found a substantial decrease in the number of patients per day, mostly during the first month of the lockdown: 44 patients per day before the lockdown compared to 23 patients per day during the first month, followed by 38 patients per day for the second month of lockdown; more patients visiting promptly; and elderly patients represented a higher proportion of patients. CONCLUSION The first lockdown in France due to the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the Toulouse ophthalmic emergency department, especially concerning the number of patients per day; this study helps to assess individual behavior in this context of a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bruzard
- Ophthalmology Department, Pierre-Paul-Riquet Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Auteur correspondant. 5, rue Jacob-Insel, Résidence Emeraude, Bâtiment D, Appartement 139, 31200 Toulouse, France
| | - P. Soler
- EFS Occitanie centre de soins, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, Toulouse, France
| | - F. Varenne
- Ophthalmology Department, Pierre-Paul-Riquet Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - V. Sentis
- Ophthalmology Department, Pierre-Paul-Riquet Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - P. Fournié
- Ophthalmology Department, Pierre-Paul-Riquet Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Université Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - V. Soler
- Ophthalmology Department, Pierre-Paul-Riquet Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Université Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France,SV3 team, CERCO, UMR5549, Toulouse, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia E. Fares-Otero
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena García-Fernández
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
- Clinical Medicine Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Valencia, Km 87, 03550San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Ctra, N-332, s/n, 03550San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Zubcoff JJ, Olcina J, Morales J, Mazón JN, Mayoral AM. Usefulness of open data to determine the incidence of COVID-19 and its relationship with atmospheric variables in Spain during the 2020 lockdown. Technol Forecast Soc Change 2023; 186:122108. [PMID: 36284609 PMCID: PMC9584861 DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the spread of the COVID-19 disease led to a lockdown being imposed in Spain to minimise contagion from 16 March 2020 to 1 May 2020. Over this period, measures were taken to reduce population mobility (a key factor in disease transmission). The scenario thus created enabled us to examine the impact of factors other than mobility (in this case, meteorological conditions) on the incidence of the disease, and thus to identify which environmental variables played the biggest role in the pandemic's evolution. Worthy of note, the data required to perform the study was entirely extracted from governmental open data sources. The present work therefore demonstrates the utility of such data to conduct scientific research of interest to society, leading to studies that are also fully reproducible. The results revealed a relationship between temperatures and the spread of COVID-19. The trend was that of a slightly lower disease incidence as the minimum temperature rises, i.e. the lower the minimum temperature, the greater the number of cases. Furthermore, a link was found between the incidence of the disease and other variables, such as altitude and proximity to the sea. There were no indications, however, in the study's data, of a relationship between incidence and precipitation or wind.
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Baquerizo-Sedano L, Chaquila J, Aguilar L, Ordovás J, González-Muniesa P, Garaulet M. Response to comment: Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:3135-3136. [PMID: 35393141 PMCID: PMC8915616 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Baquerizo-Sedano L, Chaquila JA, Aguilar L, Ordovás JM, González-Muniesa P, Garaulet M. Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2988-2995. [PMID: 34246488 PMCID: PMC9711511 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Emergency measures in the face of the recent COVID-19 pandemic have been different among countries, although most have opted for confinement and restrictions on social contact. These measures have generated lifestyle changes with potential effects on individuals' health. The disturbances in daily routines due to confinement and remote work have impacted circadian rhythms and energy balance; however, the consequences of these disruptions have not been studied in depth. The objective was to evaluate the impact of 12-week confinement on body weight, considering changes in several external synchronizers of the biological clock. METHODS The participants, 521 university students (16-35 years), responded to 52 questions oriented to determine light exposure, sleep patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and eating times. RESULTS We found a reduction in sunlight exposure and sleep duration, an increment in sedentarism and screen exposure, and a delay in the timing of the main meals and sleep in the whole cohort. These behavioral changes were associated with a twofold increase in obesity. Subjects who increased their sedentary hours and shortened their sleep to a higher degree were those who gained more bodyweight. The most influential factors in body weight variation during confinement were sleep duration, physical activity (sedentarism), and light (timing of screen exposure). The mediation model explained 6% of the total body weight variation. CONCLUSIONS Results support a significant impact of confinement on several external synchronizers of the biological clock and on body weight. Health-related recommendations during the pandemic must include behavioral recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects on the biological clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baquerizo-Sedano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Av. La Molina 430, 15012, Lima, Peru,Corresponding author
| | - José A. Chaquila
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Av. La Molina 430, 15012, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Aguilar
- Institute of Food Sciences and Nutrition, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Av. La Molina 430, 15012, Lima, Peru
| | - José M. Ordovás
- JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, 419 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA,IMDEA Food, Crta. de Canto Blanco Institute, 8, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- University of Navarra; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition. C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,University of Navarra, Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,IdISNA- Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/ Irunlarrea, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Monforte de Lemos, 5. Pabellón 12. 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n. 30100, Murcia, Spain,Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain,Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n. 30100, Murcia, Spain. Fax: +34 868 88 39 63
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Cavagnari BM, Vinueza-Veloz MF, Carpio-Arias V, Durán-Agüero S, Ríos-Castillo I, Nava-González EJ, Pérez-Armijo P, Camacho-López S, Mauricio-Alza S, Bejarano-Roncancio JJ, Núñez-Martínez B, González-Medina G, Ivankovich-Guillén S, Ortíz A, Cordón-Arrivillaga K, Meza-Miranda ER, Landaeta-Díaz L. Bodyweight change and its association with food and beverage consumption at the beginning COVID-19 confinement. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:436-44. [PMID: 36513484 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged health services and profoundly impacted people's lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption patterns and body weight in adults from 12 Ibero-American countries. METHODS Multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an online survey disseminated by social networks. The sample included 10 552 people from Spain and 11 Latin American countries who were selected by snowball sampling. RESULTS While 38.50% of the sample reported weight gain, 16.90% reported weight lost. Weight change was associated with sex, age, country of residence, and education level. People who were not confined more often reported having maintained their weight in comparison to people who were confined. All Latin American countries showed an increased consumption of sweetened drinks, pastry products, fried foods, and alcoholic beverages during confinement. Consumption of eggs and dairy products was independent from body weight change. People who consumed more fruits and vegetables during confinement more often reported having lost weight. In contrast, body weight gain during confinement was associated with increased intake of sugary drinks, baked goods and pastries, pizza, fried foods, and alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION During COVID-19 confinement, the Latin American countries included in this study showed a change in their consumption patterns toward less healthy diets, which in turn was associated with an increase in the body weight of their population.
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Liao L, Guo J, Li Y, Wang Y, Qu Z, Ying D, Jia J. Study and actual application of the electrochemical reactor in flow-through mode based on channel confinement. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135541. [PMID: 35780995 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The method of enhancing mass transfer and improving reaction efficiency by confinement has attracted much attention in the electrochemical research field. In this research, to make low diffusion-limited electrochemical reactors fieldable, a new electrochemical reactor in flow-through mode was established with the mass-produced Ti/RuO2-IrO2 felt fibers as the electrodes. The effects of voltage, current, and electrode thickness were explored in this study. When the flow mode was switched from flow-by to flow-through, the single-pass degradation effect of rhodamine B rose from 4.4% to 74.8% under the same operating conditions. Meanwhile, a mass transfer model was established based on the results of removal efficiency and electrode channel parameters. The model was in good agreement with the new electrode parameters verification (R2 > 0.970). With this model, it could derive specific results on the effect of pore size change on the treatment effect. The impact of enhancing mass transfer by confining the pore sizes is most clearly gained at a certain range (less than 100 μm). Furthermore, a pilot-scale electrochemical reactor in flow-through mode was built, and excellent performance was shown in the treatment of actual waste leachate. The removal efficiencies of total nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate were 80.9%, 88.6%, and 64.5% in 30 min, respectively. It will be a promising technology with good prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yibo Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zan Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Diwen Ying
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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Broekaert JB, La Torre D, Hafiz F. Competing control scenarios in probabilistic SIR epidemics on social-contact networks. Ann Oper Res 2022:1-24. [PMID: 36281317 PMCID: PMC9581457 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-05031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A probabilistic approach to the epidemic evolution on realistic social-contact networks allows for characteristic differences among subjects, including the individual number and structure of social contacts, and the heterogeneity of the infection and recovery rates according to age or medical preconditions. Within our probabilistic Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model on social-contact networks, we evaluate the infection load or activation margin of various control scenarios; by confinement, by vaccination, and by their combination. We compare the epidemic burden for subpopulations that apply competing or cooperative control strategies. The simulation experiments are conducted on randomized social-contact graphs that are designed to exhibit realistic person-person contact characteristics and which follow near homogeneous or block-localized subpopulation spreading. The scalarization method is used for the multi-objective optimization problem in which both the infection load is minimized and the extent to which each subpopulation's control strategy preference ranking is adhered to is maximized. We obtain the compounded payoff matrices for two subpopulations that impose contrasting control strategies, each according to their proper ranked control strategy preferences. The Nash equilibria, according to each subpopulation's compounded objective, and according to their proper ranking intensity, are discussed. Finally, the interaction effects of the control strategies are discussed and related to the type of spreading of the two subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Broekaert
- SKEMA Business School, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Davide La Torre
- SKEMA Business School, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Faizal Hafiz
- SKEMA Business School, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Vicente ACS, de Paula Carlis MS, Dos Santos IJ, da Silva ALA, Júnior PCGD, de Assis RG, Sturion TU, Biava JS, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Performance, nutritional behavior, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed diets with non-forage fiber source or sodium bicarbonate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:287. [PMID: 36083357 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation in diets and compare its chemical effect with the fiber effect of soybean hulls on performance, nutritional behavior, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. Twenty-eight ram lambs (Dorper × Santa Inês), with an initial body weight of 30.2 ± 4.5 kg and 94 ± 8.4 days old, were used. They were assigned to a randomized complete block design, defined by initial age and body weight. Experimental diets were positive control, diet containing soybean hulls in 400 g/kg dry matter (DM) (CONT), and three diets based on ground flint corn containing 10 (10SB), 20 (20SB), or 30 (30SB) g/kg DM of SB. Among the SB levels, the buffer supplementation quadratically increased dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, as well as increased final and slaughter body weight, which led to higher hot and cold carcass weights, loin muscle area, leg compacity index, and weight of neck, shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, with higher values for the 20SB. Feeding SB linearly decreased the area and height of the papillae. None of the animals presented liver abscess; however, two animals from 30SB and one from CONT had F-rumen lesions. The use of SB provided a similar animal performance when compared to the treatment containing soybean hulls. This shows that the chemical effect of the buffer was efficient and provided greater safety for this type of diet without causing damages to the rumen health. Among the SB levels, the best results were observed in the 20 g/kg level (20SB), which shows that the buffer can be used as a strategy for diets with high inclusion of corn and no fiber source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silva Vicente
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jorge Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Lais Alves da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Gonzales Dias Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Garcia de Assis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Thamires Ubices Sturion
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Socolovski Biava
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Diakiese BM, Féron V. [Induced abortion and COVID-19 : What changed with the pandemic in 2020]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022; 70:277-285. [PMID: 36123204 PMCID: PMC9452417 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.06.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Contexte L'année 2020 a été marquée par la pandémie du SARS-CoV2 dont les mesures de gestion ont fortement perturbé l'organisation de la société en général et particulièrement l'organisation du système de soins. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'analyser l’évolution des indicateurs des interruptions volontaires de grossesse (IVG) dans la région parisienne au cours de l'année 2020 et d'analyser particulièrement ce qui a changé au cours du premier confinement. Méthode Les données issues du Système national des données de santé (SNDS) ont été analysées pour comparer les indicateurs de 2020 à ceux de 2016–2019. En 2020, les indicateurs ont été étudiés mensuellement. L’âge des femmes, la méthode utilisée pour interrompre la grossesse, le terme de la grossesse au moment de l'IVG et le département de résidence de la femme ont été analysés. Résultats Après cinq années consécutives d'augmentation du taux de recours à l'IVG, l'année 2020 a été marquée par un recul du nombre d'IVG (50 615), soit une baisse de 5,6 % par rapport à 2019 (53 601). Le taux de recours est passé de 17,3 IVG/1000 femmes de 15–49 ans en 2019 à 16,3 ‰ en 2020. Ce recul a été observé dans les quatre semaines ayant suivi le premier confinement. Il concernait plus particulièrement les IVG réalisées à l'hôpital et les IVG des femmes jeunes (< 25 ans). En 2020, les proportions des IVG médicamenteuses et des IVG instrumentales sous anesthésie locale ont augmenté comparativement aux quatre années précédant la crise sanitaire. Par ailleurs, on a dénombré moins d'IVG tardives en 2020 (IVG sur grossesse > 12 semaines d'aménorrhée). Cette analyse met également en évidence une baisse du nombre de naissances dans les huit à neuf mois ayant suivi le premier confinement. Discussion et conclusion La crise liée à la COVID-19 a entraîné d'autres conséquences sanitaires non imputables directement au virus. En termes de reproduction, la crise sanitaire, particulièrement le premier confinement, est associée à un recul des conceptions se traduisant par une baisse du nombre de grossesses, qu'elles soient désirées ou non, avec comme conséquence une baisse de recours à l'IVG dans les semaines suivant le premier confinement et un recul de la natalité dans les neuf mois suivants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Matulonga Diakiese
- Observatoire régional de santé Île-de-France, 75015, Paris, France; Institut Paris Région, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - V Féron
- Observatoire régional de santé Île-de-France, 75015, Paris, France; Institut Paris Région, 75015, Paris, France
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Ionescu S, Jourdan-Ionescu C. [Autism Spectrum Disorders: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Taught Us]. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 2022; 181:S0003-4487(22)00270-0. [PMID: 36091091 PMCID: PMC9444502 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article is devoted to the consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and more particularly, of the preventive measures adopted during this period on people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). These people are more at risk (especially in cases of comorbidity with intellectual disability) of being infected and hospitalized longer. This increased risk is explained by the presence of biological risk factors (increased cytokines, decreased melatonin) and by psychological factors related to the clinical picture of ASD. Hesitancy concerning COVID vaccinations is discussed in relation to the erroneously purported link between vaccination and the onset of autism. As expected, the pandemic has had negative effects on the clinical picture of children, adolescents, and adults with ASD: sleep disorders, increased behavioural disorders, more stereotypies, parental distress. Unexpectedly, researchers and clinicians have also highlighted the positive effects of the pandemic, described as the "paradoxical‿ effects (improved communication and relationships, decreased anxiety, being happier because of being more in control over their schedule). The explanation for these effects was related to non-attendance at school and, thus, no bullying, decreased sensory and social overload, increased time spent at home, and solidarity with the autistic community and with the entire community. Finally, the question of the transfer of certain conditions that contributed to the above-mentioned improvements to the post-pandemic period is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serban Ionescu
- Laboratoire CHArt - EA4004 Université Paris 8 - Saint-Denis, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Colette Jourdan-Ionescu
- Laboratoire sur les facteurs de protection Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières Trois-Rivières (Québec) G8Z 4M3, Canada
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Ammann J, Ritzel C, El Benni N. How did the COVID-19 pandemic influence health-related behaviour? An online survey on food choice, physical activity and changes in body weight among Swiss adults. Food Qual Prefer 2022; 100:104625. [PMID: 35578621 PMCID: PMC9093157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of our everyday lives. To investigate these behaviour changes, an online survey was conducted with 1'028 individuals (51% female) in Switzerland between June and July 2020. The questions referred in particular to the lockdown in spring 2020. We put specific focus on the pandemic's impact on health-related behaviour, which includes food choice, physical activity and body weight management. For instance, participants reported whether and how their consumption of different foods changed during the lockdown. As a measure of healthy food choice, we chose consumption of vegetables and salad and in contrast, sweet snacks and alcohol consumption was used as a measure for unhealthy food choice. For physical activity and body weight, participants indicated whether it decreased, increased or did not change during the lockdown as compared before. In a next step, we investigated the influence of various predictors on health-related behaviour using multinomial logistic regression models. We find that the possibility to work remotely led to healthier food choices, that is, a reported increase in vegetable consumption and decrease in sweet snack consumption, but also to more unhealthy food choices and lifestyles, that is, a reported increase in alcohol consumption as well as an increase in sweet snack consumption. For weight change, the data indicated that individuals who worked remotely were more likely to gain or lose weight than individuals working from the office. Our findings demonstrate how individuals are affected differently by the pandemic and how complex the whole picture is. Further, these results are crucial in developing health recommendations for possible future lockdowns or health crises in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine Ammann
- Corresponding author at: Agroscope, Tänikon 1, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
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45
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Khatib MA. The impact of Ramadan during COVID-19 confinement on weight, dietary, and lifestyle habits in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1649. [PMID: 36042437 PMCID: PMC9427176 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe procedures were undertaken globally because of the COVID-19 pandemic to overcome the spread of the disease and to prevent catastrophic results affecting the health care system including social distancing, lockdowns, and quarantines. Despite the widely known health benefits of Ramadan fasting, there was a general concern regarding the lifestyle of people during Ramadan 2020 that accompanied the period of COVID-19 pandemic and the home confinement applied. The main objective for the current cross-sectional investigation was to investigate the influence of Covid-19 lockdown during Ramadan fasting on weight change on 481 participants in Saudi Arabia. Identifying the contributing risk factors to weight gain were also addressed. Around 42% of the participants had gained weight and around 38% of the participants had lost weight. Physical activity level was shown to be considered as a protective factor against weight gain (OR = 1.03 with P = 0.008), while increasing the number of meals and not adapting healthy cooking methods can both be considered as contributing factors to weight gain (OR = 1.03 with P = 0.009, and OR = 1.03 with P = 0.004, respectively). Assessing these changes during Ramadan of COVID-19 quarantine provided valuable perspective on the health and wellbeing of Saudi Arabia citizens. These findings should be considered in future studies to explore the persistence of Covid-19 related weight status and habit change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Khatib
- Dietitian and Assistant professor at the Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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46
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Maggio ABR, Gal-Dudding C, Martin X, Chamay-Weber C. Evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on BMI in children and adolescents with or without obesity. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:509. [PMID: 36008850 PMCID: PMC9410734 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Switzerland, from March 15th to May 11th 2020, schools and most shops were closed nationwide due to the COVID-19-related lockdown. This cessation of activities may have impacted weight gain in children and adolescents. The aims of our study were to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the BMI of children and adolescents in treatment for obesity, and to compare its evolution to that of the previous year at the same time, as well as to that of normal-weight children. Methods This retrospective study gathered demographic and anthropometric data from subjects aged 6–18 years both with normal weight and with obesity, who attended our hospital clinics at four time points: before and after the lockdown period in 2020, and at the same times of the year in 2019. We used paired t-tests to assess weight, BMI and BMI z-score changes, linear and standard multiple regressions, independent Student’s t-tests or Chi-square tests to compare groups, and Pearson correlation coefficient when appropriate. Results Forty-seven children with obesity and 18 normal-weight subjects had complete data for the 4 visits. The mean BMI increased in both groups during the lockdown (obese: + 0.96 ± 1.5 vs. control: + 0.51 ± 0.1), however the increase was significantly more important in the subjects with obesity compared to the same period in 2019 (2019: + 0.33 ± 1.0; mean difference between 2019 and 2020: + 0.63 ± 2.0 p = 0.034). Conclusion The COVID-19 lockdown had a negative impact on the BMI of youth with obesity. Interestingly we observed extreme changes in this population, which was not the case in normal-weight children. Therefore, families with a child with obesity must be actively supported during these stressful and obesogenic periods of confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane B R Maggio
- Health and movement consultation, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, 6, rue Willy-Donzé, 1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Claudine Gal-Dudding
- Health and movement consultation, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, 6, rue Willy-Donzé, 1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland.,Adolescent Health Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Martin
- Health and movement consultation, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, 6, rue Willy-Donzé, 1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Chamay-Weber
- Health and movement consultation, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Division of Pediatric Specialties, Department of pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, 6, rue Willy-Donzé, 1211, 14, Geneva, Switzerland.,Adolescent Health Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang Z, Chan CLC, Haataja JS, Schertel L, Li R, van de Kerkhof GT, Scherman OA, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Deconvoluting the Optical Response of Biocompatible Photonic Pigments. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2022; 134:e202206562. [PMID: 38504795 PMCID: PMC10946993 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To unlock the widespread use of block copolymers as photonic pigments, there is an urgent need to consider their environmental impact (cf. microplastic pollution). Here we show how an inverse photonic glass architecture can enable the use of biocompatible bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCPs), which otherwise lack the refractive index contrast needed for a strong photonic response. A library of photonic pigments is produced from poly(norbornene-graft-polycaprolactone)-block-poly(norbornene-graft-polyethylene glycol), with the color tuned via either the BBCP molecular weight or the processing temperature upon microparticle fabrication. The structure-optic relationship between the 3D porous morphology of the microparticles and their complex optical response is revealed by both an analytical scattering model and 3D finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. Combined, this allows for strategies to enhance the color purity to be proposed and realized with our biocompatible BBCP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Chun Lam Clement Chan
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Lukas Schertel
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 31700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Ruiting Li
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Gea T. van de Kerkhof
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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Tan ML, Ng KL, Loh LWL, Haugan G, Wang W, He HG. A descriptive qualitative study exploring the postpartum confinement experiences among first-time mothers from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore. Midwifery 2022; 114:103463. [PMID: 36054950 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Modern Singaporean mothers still embrace traditional confinement practices after childbirth, which often marks a significant milestone in maternal experiences. However, limited studies have explored in-depth the collective confinement experiences of mothers in Singapore. This study hence aimed to explore the postpartum confinement experiences of first-time mothers from the three major ethnic groups in Singapore, namely Chinese, Malay, and Indian. DESIGN A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Purposive sampling was adopted to recruit participants. Individual semi-structured face-to-face/telephone interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed using thematic analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Sixteen first-time mothers were recruited from two obstetric clinics in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. FINDINGS Five themes emerged: "Specific diets adopted and avoided for different purposes", "Complexity of various traditional confinement practices (TCPs) adopted", "Reasons for adopting TCPs", "Reasons for modifying TCPs", and "Postpartum challenges". KEY CONCLUSIONS Our study provided unique insights about Singapore's Chinese, Malay and Indian first-time mothers' postpartum confinement experiences. While confinement practices were still observed, many mothers no longer subscribed to guidelines followed by previous generations and were modifying or forgoing practices they deemed impractical. Mothers faced challenges adapting to new motherhood and often felt restrained or stressed by confinement practices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals should take the lead to educate mothers and their families on harmful traditional confinement practices and their misconceptions. Future studies could explore alternative methods of postpartum check-up to improve first-time mothers' confinement experiences, and focus specifically on lower-income families to explore their unique confinement experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lynn Tan
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai Lin Ng
- National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Leta Wei Ling Loh
- National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nursing, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Wenru Wang
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Center for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
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Jehi T, Khan R, Halawani R, Dos Santos H. Effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the diet, body weight and food security status of students of higher education: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2022;:1-13. [PMID: 35946073 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted college students' lifestyles and placed them at a greater risk of obesity and food insecurity. The purpose of the systematic review was to consolidate evidence for the effect of Covid-19 on students' dietary quality, dietary habits, body weight and food security status. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilising various databases including Google Scholar, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Embase and Scopus to identify relevant studies. To be incorporated in this review, studies had to include higher education students, measure the prevalence of food insecurity and assess the dietary and body weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The studies showed that the diet quality of college students was compromised during the pandemic in many nations due to the decrease in the intake of whole grains, dairy products, legumes, nuts, fruits and vegetables and the increase in consumption of alcohol, confectionery products and refined grains. There was an increase in the frequency of cooking, binge eating, breakfast skipping and unhealthy snacking. These modifications, in return, were associated with body weight changes, with no less than 20 to 30 % of students gaining weight during the pandemic. The pandemic also impacted food security status of students, with over 30% being food insecure worldwide. The COVID-19 outbreak has exacerbated the students' diet quality and dietary habits and placed them under high risk of weight gain and food insecurity. Higher education institutions and governments should improve students' access to nutritious foods and incorporate nutrition education interventions in the curricula.
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Kurisu K, Matsuoka M, Sato K, Hattori A, Yamanaka Y, Nohara N, Otani M, Yoshiuchi K. Increased prevalence of eating disorders in Japan since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2251-2255. [PMID: 34855142 PMCID: PMC8638639 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of eating disorders in Japan. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of new patients with eating disorders who visited an outpatient eating disorders clinic of a single university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from April 2020 to March 2021 (FY2020) and April 2019 to March 2020 (FY2019). We determined whether the onset or course in each patient in FY2020 was associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and classified COVID-19-associated medical histories into the following categories: (1) fatness phobia, (2) acceleration of dieting, (3) family relationships, (4) social factors, and (5) mood change. We performed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare the cumulative distribution of disease onset by month in FY2020 and FY2019. RESULTS We reviewed the records of 112 and 77 patients with eating disorders in FY2020 and FY2019, respectively. The onset or course of 35 patients (31.3%) in FY2020 was associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We classified 14 patients to fatness phobia category, 11 to acceleration of dieting, 4 to family relationships, 2 to social factors, and 4 to mood change. No COVID-19-associated cases were associated with fear of contracting the disease. The cumulative distribution of disease onset differed significantly in FY2020 and FY2019 (D = 0.248; P = 0.007). CONCLUSION This chart review suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the prevalence of eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kurisu
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuoka
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Sato
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asako Hattori
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yukari Yamanaka
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nohara
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Otani
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
- Department of Stress Sciences and Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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