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Oleribe OO, Taylor-Robinson SD, Taylor-Robinson AW. COVID-19 post-pandemic reflections from sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now that we wish we knew then. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2024; 7:100486. [PMID: 38495538 PMCID: PMC10943955 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The commonly heard aphorism about history repeating itself suggests an endless cycle of recurring events. However, George Santayana offered a similar sentiment when he said, "Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it". This emphasises that the responsibility for the recurrence of events lies not with history itself, but with humanity. It underscores that if we desire change, it is our responsibility to initiate it, rather than attributing it to external forces such as fate, luck, or time. With this thought in mind, here we offer a narrative view from sub-Saharan Africa, focusing primarily on our own experiences in Nigeria and Uganda, on what harsh lessons can be learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic regarding emergency preparedness to respond effectively to the next major infectious disease outbreak. Four strategies are suggested, the implementation of which may contribute substantially to safeguarding against an experience similar to the catastrophic public health, social and economic costs borne by African nations during COVID-19 and in its immediate aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna O. Oleribe
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Best Health Consult Limited Liability Company, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Simon D. Taylor-Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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van Loon M, Orth U, Roebers C. The structure of metacognition in middle childhood: Evidence for a unitary metacognition-for-memory factor. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105857. [PMID: 38241971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
It has been debated whether children's metacognitive monitoring and control processes rely on a general resource or whether metacognitive processes are task specific. Moreover, findings about the extent to which metacognitive processes are related to first-order task performance are mixed. The current study aimed to uncover the relationships among children's monitoring (discrimination between correct and incorrect responses), control (accurate withdrawal of wrong answers), and performance across three memory-based learning tasks: Kanji learning, text comprehension, and secret code learning. All tasks consisted of a study phase, a test phase, monitoring (confidence judgments), and control (maintaining/withdrawing responses). Participants were 325 children (151 second graders [Mage = 8.12 years] and 174 fourth graders [Mage = 10.20 years]). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a model in which monitoring and control loaded on a joint factor and performance on a separate factor provided the best fit to the data. Fourth graders had better monitoring and control accuracy than second graders. However, the factor structure of metacognition was similar for both age groups, contradictory to the assumption that metacognition generalizes across tasks as children grow older. After accounting for task-specific processes, monitoring and control skills for language-based memory tasks appear to be generalizable in middle childhood. In sum, children's monitoring and control for three separate memory tasks appear to reflect a unitary metacognition-for-memory factor related to, but distinguishable from, performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëtte van Loon
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrich Orth
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Roebers
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Anholeto LA, Brancaglion GA, Santos DMD, Kapritchkoff RTI, Castro KNDC, Canuto KM, Rodrigues RAF, Correa DS, Chagas ACDS, Pastre JC. Acaricidal activity of synthetic spilanthol derivative against ticks of medical and veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110137. [PMID: 38278036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The ANESPSAT, a synthetic spilanthol derivative, and its nanoformulation were evaluated against Rhipicephalus microplus and Amblyomma sculptum ticks. ANESPSAT activity was compared with spilanthol and derivatives (ANESPE and others). The compound was synthesized in a gram-scale by a 2-step process, comprising a direct ester amidation and a Horner-Wadsworth- Emmons reaction. The nanoemulsions were produced by coarse homogenization followed by high-energy ultrasonication, in which hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential remained stable. The spilanthol-eugenol hybrid derivatives did not show significant acaricidal activity. ANESPE killed 83% of the R. microplus larvae at 30 mg.mL-1, while ANESPSAT killed 97% at 0.5 mg.mL-1, showing to be the most active compound. Spilanthol and ANESPSAT had similar high mortality rates for tick larvae, with LC50 values of 0.10 and 0.14 mg.mL-1 for R. microplus larvae, and 0.04 and 0.48 mg.mL-1 for A. sculptum larvae, respectively. The efficacy of spilanthol was lower against R. microplus engorged females when compared with ANESPSAT, which was highly effective (>98%) against R. microplus engorged females. The nanoemulsion with ANESPSAT was effective against tick females, preventing egg laying and achieving 100% efficacy at 2.5 mg.mL-1. Spilanthol had only 59% efficacy at 10 mg.mL-1. The results suggest that ANESPSAT, a natural product derivative, could be used in novel formulations for tick management that might be safer and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio Cezar Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Wolfe CM, Barry A, Campos A, Farham B, Achu D, Juma E, Kalu A, Impouma B. Control, elimination, and eradication efforts for neglected tropical diseases in the World Health Organization African region over the last 30 years: A scoping review. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106943. [PMID: 38266976 PMCID: PMC10927616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES NTDs historically receive less attention than other diseases in the same regions. Recent gap analyses revealed notable shortcomings despite NTD elimination progress. This systematic scoping review was conducted to understand NTD control, elimination, and eradication efforts in the WHO African region over the last 30 years. METHODS Peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases related to NTD control, elimination, and eradication in the WHO African Region from 1990 to 2022 were reviewed. Included articles were categorized based on NTD; study location, type, and period; and topic areas. Technical and guidance documents from WHO, UN, partner, and academic/research institutions were reviewed. Country-specific multi-year NTD master plans were documented. RESULTS Four hundred eighty peer-reviewed articles, six Cochrane reviews, and 134 technical reports were included. MDA and non-interventional/survey-related studies were common topics. Lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis, and onchocerciasis were the most frequently studied NTDs. Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nigeria were the most represented countries; multi-country studies were limited. CONCLUSION The review highlights progress made in NTD control, elimination, and eradication efforts in the WHO African Region and can inform national/regional strategies. Disease and geographical disparities were evident, warranting focus and research in certain countries. A standardized approach to NTD control programs is needed for sustained progress. FUNDING There was no funding source for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Wolfe
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo; University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Abbie Barry
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Adriana Campos
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo; University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Dorothy Achu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Elizabeth Juma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Akpaka Kalu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
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Guedes AC, Conde-Felipe M, Barba E, Molina JM, Del Carmen Muñoz M, Ferrer O, Martín S, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Ruiz A. Metaphylactic strategies using toltrazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110133. [PMID: 38266373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Goat coccidiosis compromises animal welfare, reduces productivity and may cause mortality and delayed growth rates in goat kids around the weaning period worldwide. This field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of metaphylactic treatments with two doses of toltrazuril (20 or 40 mg/kg body weight - BW, p. o.), at different timing, in kids naturally infected with Eimeria spp. A total of 97 healthy goat kids (Majorera milk aptitude breed) were divided into five groups, depending on the age of treatment (2 or 7 weeks). One group remained untreated as a negative control until the end of the study. Faecal oocyst shedding, faecal consistency, and body weight of the animals were monitored at day 0 and at weekly intervals. Counts of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) were determined by a modified McMaster technique. Morphometric identification of Eimeria species was carried out on individual faecal samples from each experimental group after oocyst sporulation. Goat kids treated at two weeks of age maintained OPG values close to zero during the 5 weeks post-treatment and, overall, had lower faecal oocyst counts than untreated control animals. No significant differences were observed between the two doses of toltrazuril used in two-week-old treated animals. By contrast, when treatment was carried out at seven weeks of age, the dose of 40 mg/kg BW of toltrazuril reduced oocyst levels for longer and to a greater extent than the 20 mg/kg dose. Irrespectively of the treatment and dose, toltrazuril delayed the appearance of pathogenic Eimeria species, i. e. Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and Eimeria arloingi. As a whole, Eimeria christenseni, with a rather moderate pathogenicity, was highly predominant throughout the study period, including the untreated control group, which was probably the reason why clinical signs of coccidiosis were barely observed throughout the experiment. Under these circumstances, the positive effect of toltrazuril on body weight condition observed in some treated groups was difficult to correlate to the timing and doses. Metaphylactic treatments with 20 mg/kg BW toltrazuril given at two weeks of age are sufficient to control oocyst excretion in goat kids; whereas if administered later in 7-week-old animals, thereby coinciding with the frequently observed peak of oocyst elimination in goat kids under field conditions, a higher dose might be advisable to prevent environmental contamination with infectious oocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu C Guedes
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Magnolia Conde-Felipe
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Emilio Barba
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José Manuel Molina
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Muñoz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Otilia Ferrer
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Sergio Martín
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonio Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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Basier C, Nurse P. TOR regulates variability of protein synthesis rates. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00075-8. [PMID: 38499788 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are subject to inherent variability, but the extent to which cells can regulate this variability has received little investigation. Here, we explore the characteristics of the rate of cellular protein synthesis in single cells of the eukaryote fission yeast. Strikingly, this rate is highly variable despite protein synthesis being dependent on hundreds of reactions which might be expected to average out at the overall cellular level. The rate is variable over short time scales, and exhibits homoeostatic behaviour at the population level. Cells can regulate the level of variability through processes involving the TOR pathway, suggesting there is an optimal level of variability conferring a selective advantage. While this could be an example of bet-hedging, but we propose an alternative explanation: regulated 'loose' control of complex processes of overall cellular metabolism such as protein synthesis, may lead to this variability. This could ensure cells are fluid in control and agile in response to changing conditions, and may constitute a novel organisational principle of complex metabolic cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Basier
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Paul Nurse
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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El Idrissi Hamzi A, Kamata A, Amanfu W. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Global Eradication Remains a Challenging and Distant Goal. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024:S0749-0720(24)00005-7. [PMID: 38458898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is one of the six high impact diseases for which currently World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) has established an official procedure for recognition of disease-free status for trade purposes. Although its exact distribution, incidence, and impact have not been well established, the disease is known to be endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where it has a severe socio-economic impact on people's livelihoods. Control or elimination of the disease can be achieved by various strategies including vaccination, movement control, and stamping-out. Due to many factors, countries in sub-Saharan Africa are still struggling with this disease, compromising continental and global eradication. In this review, basic epidemiologic features and clinical signs of CBPP are presented and disease control challenges, particularly in endemic countries, are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Kamata
- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153, Rome, Italy
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Ravel S, Ségard A, Mollo BG, Mahamat MH, Argiles-Herrero R, Bouyer J, Rayaisse JB, Solano P, Pèka M, Darnas J, Belem AMG, Yoni W, Noûs C, de Meeûs T. Limited impact of vector control on the population genetic structure of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes from the sleeping sickness focus of Maro, Chad. Parasite 2024; 31:13. [PMID: 38450719 PMCID: PMC10918643 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tsetse flies (genus Glossina) transmit deadly trypanosomes to human populations and domestic animals in sub-Saharan Africa. Some foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (g-HAT) persist in southern Chad, where a program of tsetse control was implemented against the local vector Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in 2018 in Maro. We analyzed the population genetics of G. f. fuscipes from the Maro focus before control (T0), one year (T1), and 18 months (T2) after the beginning of control efforts. Most flies captured displayed a local genetic profile (local survivors), but a few flies displayed outlier genotypes. Moreover, disturbance of isolation by distance signature (increase of genetic distance with geographic distance) and effective population size estimates, absence of any genetic signature of a bottleneck, and an increase of genetic diversity between T0 and T2 strongly suggest gene flows from various origins, and a limited impact of the vector control efforts on this tsetse population. Continuous control and surveillance of g-HAT transmission is thus recommended in Maro. Particular attention will need to be paid to the border with the Central African Republic, a country where the entomological and epidemiological status of g-HAT is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ravel
- Intertryp, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Adeline Ségard
- Intertryp, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Rafael Argiles-Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Atomic Energy Agency Program of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture A-1400 Vienna Austria
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Atomic Energy Agency Program of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture A-1400 Vienna Austria
- UMR Astre, Cirad, Plateforme Cyroi 2 rue Maxime Rivière 97491 Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse
- Centre International de Recherche Développement sur l’Élevage en zone Subhumide (Cirdes) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - Philippe Solano
- Intertryp, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Mallaye Pèka
- Programme National de Lutte contre la THA (PNLTHA) Ndjaména Chad
| | - Justin Darnas
- Programme National de Lutte contre la THA (PNLTHA) Ndjaména Chad
| | | | - Wilfrid Yoni
- Centre International de Recherche Développement sur l’Élevage en zone Subhumide (Cirdes) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - Camille Noûs
- Cogitamus Laboratory France, https://www.cogitamus.fr/
| | - Thierry de Meeûs
- Intertryp, Université de Montpellier, Cirad, IRD Montpellier France
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Chae Y, Lee JH, Lee MS. Using the right design controls for acupuncture trials: Methodological rigor and validity in research. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101026. [PMID: 38434794 PMCID: PMC10904908 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture treatment can be defined as a medical procedure with an acupuncture needle at acupoints. Establishing suitable control settings is essential, based on the target elements of the acupuncture therapy. In order to properly design a clinical trial or an experiment, a control group must be established. Here, we overview the significance of the control group and its limitations in acupuncture research. Clinical trials have employed a variety of study designs and controls for acupuncture treatment in order to compare the effects of actual treatments with control groups that include no treatment or treatment as usual, sham acupuncture at true acupoints, real acupuncture at non-acupoints, and sham acupuncture at non-acupoints. In order to determine the point-specificity of acupuncture, real acupuncture at non-acupoints should be taken into consideration, whereas sham acupuncture at the same true acupoints should be used to determine the needling-specific effect of acupuncture. It is crucial to choose the optimum control for acupuncture treatments depending on the study's main goal and to interpret the results in accordance with the research design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younbyoung Chae
- Department of Meridian and Acupoints, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Convergence Medical Science, KIOM School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusettes General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Convergence Medical Science, KIOM School, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Zhang Z, Xu ZG, Yang WC, Lu QC. The role of traffic conflicts in roundabout safety evaluation: A review. Accid Anal Prev 2024; 196:107430. [PMID: 38142578 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The roundabout is one type of at-grade intersection commonly seen in many countries. The evaluation of roundabout safety is usually counted on conflict analysis of the roundabout traffic due to random and limited records of real accidents. This paper surveyed published papers and reports that investigate the role of traffic conflicts in roundabout safety evaluation. It summarized the definitions and observation methods of roundabout conflicts and classified the attributing factors of roundabout conflicts and the countermeasures to control the conflicts. This study found that although unique traffic flow movements at roundabouts create special patterns of roundabout conflicts, the methods of roundabout conflict analysis used in most existing studies were inherited from the studies of highway or cross-intersection conflicts, including conflict definitions, conflict measurements, and thresholds of conflict severity. Special or improper designs of roundabout configurations or basic geometry elements could arouse roundabout conflicts. The most common vehicle-to-vehicle conflicts were entering-circulating conflicts, sideswipe conflicts, and exiting-circulating conflicts. The conflicts among vehicles and vulnerable road users (VRUs) easily evolved into serious collisions, but these conflicts did not get deserved attention in previous studies. Drivers' familiarity with roundabouts also affected road users' safety. Traffic signs and pavement markings were commonly used to control roundabout conflicts, while traffic signals were more effective methods for the roundabouts with uneven distribution of approaching traffic or high traffic volume. Based on the analysis of existing studies, this paper pointed out seven future directions of further research in term of conflict measurement, data collection, infrastructure and access management, geometry, drivers and VRUs, signal control, and vehicle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zai Zhang
- Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wen-Chen Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory For Surface Transportation Weather Impacts Prevention, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Digital Communications, Kunming, China.
| | - Qing-Chang Lu
- Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China.
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11
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Billot A, Kiran S. Disentangling neuroplasticity mechanisms in post-stroke language recovery. Brain Lang 2024; 251:105381. [PMID: 38401381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
A major objective in post-stroke aphasia research is to gain a deeper understanding of neuroplastic mechanisms that drive language recovery, with the ultimate goal of enhancing treatment outcomes. Subsequent to recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, we now have the ability to examine more closely how neural activity patterns change after a stroke. However, the way these neural activity changes relate to language impairments and language recovery is still debated. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical framework to better investigate and interpret neuroplasticity mechanisms underlying language recovery in post-stroke aphasia. We detail two sets of neuroplasticity mechanisms observed at the synaptic level that may explain functional neuroimaging findings in post-stroke aphasia recovery at the network level: feedback-based homeostatic plasticity and associative Hebbian plasticity. In conjunction with these plasticity mechanisms, higher-order cognitive control processes dynamically modulate neural activity in other regions to meet communication demands, despite reduced neural resources. This work provides a network-level neurobiological framework for understanding neural changes observed in post-stroke aphasia and can be used to define guidelines for personalized treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Billot
- Center for Brain Recovery, Boston University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swathi Kiran
- Center for Brain Recovery, Boston University, Boston, USA.
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12
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Schindler H, Jawinski P, Arnatkevičiūtė A, Markett S. Molecular signatures of attention networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26588. [PMID: 38401136 PMCID: PMC10893969 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention network theory proposes three distinct types of attention-alerting, orienting, and control-that are supported by separate brain networks and modulated by different neurotransmitters, that is, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine. Here, we explore the extent of cortical, genetic, and molecular dissociation of these three attention systems using multimodal neuroimaging. We evaluated the spatial overlap between fMRI activation maps from the attention network test (ANT) and cortex-wide gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. The goal was to identify genes associated with each of the attention networks in order to determine whether specific groups of genes were co-expressed with the corresponding attention networks. Furthermore, we analyzed publicly available PET-maps of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters to investigate their spatial overlap with the attention networks. Our analyses revealed a substantial number of genes (3871 for alerting, 6905 for orienting, 2556 for control) whose cortex-wide expression co-varied with the activation maps, prioritizing several molecular functions such as the regulation of protein biosynthesis, phosphorylation, and receptor binding. Contrary to the hypothesized associations, the ANT activation maps neither aligned with the distribution of norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine receptor and transporter molecules, nor with transcriptomic profiles that would suggest clearly separable networks. Independence of the attention networks appeared additionally constrained by a high level of spatial dependency between the network maps. Future work may need to reconceptualize the attention networks in terms of their segregation and reevaluate the presumed independence at the neural and neurochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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Karsh N, Hartston M, Hadad BS. Atypical Impact of Action Effect Delay on Motor Performance in Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06227-9. [PMID: 38316696 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Atypical sensory perception and motor impairments are primary features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that indicate atypical development and predict social and non-social challenges. However, their link is poorly understood. Sensory perception is often integrated with motor processes when a sensory effect is temporally contiguous with the motor response. Such sensory-motor coupling further improves motor behavior. Previous studies indicate alterations in sensory perception of action-effect temporal contiguity in ASD, which bares the question of how it may impact motor performance. People diagnosed with ASD and typically developed (TD) participants performed a speeded reaction-time task previously established to capture the facilitating impact of action's perceptual effect on motor response selection. The sensitivity of this mechanism to delays in the effect was measured, manipulating the action-effect temporal contiguity in a within-subject design. An immediate action effect (compared to a No-effect condition) facilitated response selection in the TD group. This facilitation effect was evident in the ASD group but did not show the typical sensitivity to the effect delay. While in the TD group, RT was shorter in the short (225ms) compared to the long (675ms) action effect delay condition, this distinguished pattern was absent in the ASD group. The findings provide supporting evidence that atypical motor performance in ASD results, at least in part, from an altered sensory perception of action effect temporal contiguity. We discuss the results in light of the reduced perceptual specialization account in ASD and its potential for undermining adaptive sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Karsh
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
- Special Population Advance Research and Clinical Center (SPARC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Marissa Hartston
- Special Population Advance Research and Clinical Center (SPARC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Special Education, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bat-Sheva Hadad
- Special Population Advance Research and Clinical Center (SPARC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Special Education, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Kowalski RM, Gagne M, Drolet G, Burzin K, Carroll H, Korson H, Rimmer B, Aurilio E, Bunche R, Mochizuki G, Cote N, Dowd M, Brewer L, Evans K, Ridder A. Psychological dread and extreme persistent fear. J Soc Psychol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38310561 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2310545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Psychological dread is a phenomenon with which virtually everyone is familiar, whether dreading a medical appointment, a job interview, or the impending death of a loved one. Despite the prevalence of dread in most people's everyday lives, surprisingly little empirical research has explored the construct. The purpose of the current research was to examine psychological dread (Study 1 and Study 2) and to compare dread to extreme persistent fear (Study 2). Respondents across both studies completed surveys on which they described a dreaded experience (Studies 1 and 2) or an extremely feared event (Study 2) and answered questions about the event. Participants reported uncertainty and lack of control surrounding events associated with both dread and extreme persistent fear. They also anticipated that they would feel relief when these events were over, but this relief was greater with dread than fear. Implications for coping with dread and extreme persistent fears are discussed along with comparisons of the types of events most commonly associated with dread and extreme fear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madalynne Gagne
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Grace Drolet
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Burzin
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hailey Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hannah Korson
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Blake Rimmer
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Emma Aurilio
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Raquel Bunche
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Natalie Cote
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Morgan Dowd
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lyndsey Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kelly Evans
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Aspen Ridder
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Tiffin HS, Brown JD, Ternent M, Snavely B, Carrollo E, Kibe E, Buderman FE, Mullinax JM, Machtinger ET. Resolution of Clinical Signs of Sarcoptic Mange in American Black Bears (Ursus americanus), in Ivermectin-Treated and Nontreated Individuals. J Wildl Dis 2024:498802. [PMID: 38305090 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei causes mange in nearly 150 species of mammals by burrowing under the skin, triggering hypersensitivity responses that can alter animals' behavior and result in extreme weight loss, secondary infections, and even death. Since the 1990s, sarcoptic mange has increased in incidence and geographic distribution in Pennsylvania black bear (Ursus americanus) populations, including expansion into other states. Recovery from mange in free-ranging wildlife has rarely been evaluated. Following the Pennsylvania Game Commission's standard operating procedures at the time of the study, treatment consisted of one subcutaneous injection of ivermectin. To evaluate black bear survival and recovery from mange, from 2018 to 2020 we fitted 61 bears, including 43 with mange, with GPS collars to track their movements and recovery. Bears were collared in triplicates according to sex and habitat, consisting of one bear without mange (healthy control), one scabietic bear treated with ivermectin when collared, and one untreated scabietic bear. Bears were reevaluated for signs of mange during annual den visits, if recaptured during the study period, and after mortality events. Disease status and recovery from mange was determined based on outward gross appearance and presence of S. scabiei mites from skin scrapes. Of the 36 scabietic bears with known recovery status, 81% fully recovered regardless of treatment, with 88% recovered with treatment and 74% recovered without treatment. All bears with no, low, or moderate mite burdens (<16 mites on skin scrapes) fully recovered from mange (n=20), and nearly half of bears with severe mite burden (≥16 mites) fully recovered (n=5, 42%). However, nonrecovered status did not indicate mortality, and mange-related mortality was infrequent. Most bears were able to recover from mange irrespective of treatment, potentially indicating a need for reevaluation of the mange wildlife management paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Tiffin
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 4 Chemical Ecology Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Justin D Brown
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 108D AVBS Building, Shortlidge Rd., University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Mark Ternent
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110, USA
| | - Brandon Snavely
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110, USA
| | - Emily Carrollo
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110, USA
| | - Ethan Kibe
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17110, USA
| | - Frances E Buderman
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, Pennsylvania State University, 401 Forest Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer M Mullinax
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, University of Maryland, 1433 Animal Science Building, 8127 Regents Dr., College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Erika T Machtinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 4 Chemical Ecology Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Barrera JP, Montoya A, Marino V, Sarquis J, Checa R, Miró G. Cystoisospora spp. infection at a dog breeding facility in the Madrid region: Infection rate and clinical management based on toltrazuril metaphylaxis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 48:100971. [PMID: 38316499 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Canine coccidiosis caused by Cystoisospora canis and Cystoisospora ohioensis-complex is common in kennels. While often underestimated, coccidiosis may cause severe clinical signs in puppies and sometimes even lead to death, so preventative measures are important. This study examines Cystoisospora spp. infection at a Labrador retriever breeding facility in Madrid, Spain. To identify environmental factors associated with infection, dams were examined throughout a reproductive cycle (from oestrus to 60 days postpartum) and their puppies during their first 60 days of life. Also assessed was the efficacy of combined treatment with emodepside (0.9 mg/ml) and toltrazuril (18 mg/ml) at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of weight, equivalent to 0.45 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg, respectively, in puppies on day 35 of life. Oocyst shedding was detected in 4.6-18.6% of 45 dams examined and in 2.2-9.1% of their litters (315 puppies). In both cases, peak opg elimination was recorded on day 30 postpartum/of life. The species of Cystoisospora detected were C. canis (91.3%) and C. ohioensis-complex (8.7%). While in both dams and puppies opg counts were higher in autumn when rainfall was at its highest, correlation between opg and rainfall emerged as significant only in puppies (p = 0.031). The treatment of 35 day-old puppies with toltrazuril was 100% effective in controlling this infection in the kennel. Our findings therefore suggest the need for a strict hygiene regime and the use of toltrazuril as blanket treatment to reduce Cystoisospora transmission in dog breeding facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Barrera
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Montoya
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Valentina Marino
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juliana Sarquis
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Checa
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Peng W, Chen S, Chen X, Ma Y, Wang T, Sun X, Wang Y, Ding G, Wang Y. Trends in major non-communicable diseases and related risk factors in China 2002-2019: an analysis of nationally representative survey data. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024; 43:100809. [PMID: 38456095 PMCID: PMC10920046 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are prioritized in both the Sustainable Development Goal and the Healthy China 2030 Initiatives. Efforts have been devoted to combating NCDs in China. This study examined changes in NCD trajectory. Methods We described and analyzed the trends in prevalence and control of major NCDs including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia and examined selected main behavioral risk factors in China by sex, age group, and residence using nationally representative CDC survey data. Data included were from the China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS, 2013 and 2018) and China National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2002, 2010-2013, 2015, and 2020). Annual and relative changes in rates were used. Rural-urban ratio of related indicators was assessed. Findings NCD-attributed deaths increased from 80.0% in 2002 to 86.6% in 2012, and 88.5% in 2019, with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes accounted for 47.1%, 24.1%, 8.8%, and 2.5% of deaths in 2019, respectively. Prevalence of obesity (7.1%-16.4%), overweight/obesity (29.9%-50.7%), hypertension (18.8%-27.5%), diabetes (2.6%-11.9%), and dyslipidemia (18.6%-35.6%) all increased from 2002 to 2018. These rates increased faster in rural areas than in urban areas. Rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and diabetes increased very slowly from 2012 to 2018. Most rates were between 30 and 40% with the lowest rate of 11% for hypertension control even in 2018. The rates were worse for rural residents compared to urban residents. Furthermore, many modifiable behavioral risk factors showed little improvement and some became worse over time, including smoking, excessive alcohol use, inadequate vegetable/fruit intake, excessive red meat intake, and physical inactivity. Interpretation NCD burden in China increased during 2002-2019 despite of the intervention efforts. To reach the global and national targets, China must strengthen its actions, especially in rural areas, including improvement of NCD screening and management and reduction of behavioral risk factors. Funding The study was supported in part by research grants of National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0907200, 2017YFC0907201), International Collaboration Project from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology-Prevention and control of chronic diseases and health promotion (G2021170007L), Natural Scientific Foundation of China (82103846), Key R&D and Transformation Program of Qinghai (2023-QY-204).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Peng
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinguang Chen
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Ma
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; School of Integrative Medicine, Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Shelton AD, McTaggart EM, Allen JL, Mercer VS, Crenshaw JR, Franz JR. Does the effect of walking balance perturbations generalize across contexts? Hum Mov Sci 2024; 93:103158. [PMID: 38029635 PMCID: PMC10925841 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Balance perturbations are used to study locomotor instability. However, these perturbations are designed to provoke a specific context of instability that may or may not generalize to a broader understanding of falls risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if the effect of balance perturbations on instability generalizes across contexts. 29 younger adults and 28 older adults completed four experimental trials, including unperturbed walking and walking while responding to three perturbation contexts: mediolateral optical flow, treadmill-induced slips, and lateral waist-pulls. We quantified the effect of perturbations as an absolute change in margin of stability from unperturbed walking. We found significant changes in mediolateral and anteroposterior margin of stability for all perturbations compared to unperturbed walking in both cohorts (p-values ≤ 0.042). In older adults, the mediolateral effects of lateral waist-pulls significantly correlated with those of optical flow perturbations and treadmill-induced slips (r ≥ 0.398, p-values ≤ 0.036). In younger adults but not in older adults, we found positive and significant correlations between the anteroposterior effect of waist-pull perturbations and optical flow perturbations, and the anteroposterior and mediolateral effect of treadmill-induced slips (r ≥ 0.428, p-values ≤ 0.021). We found no "goldilocks" perturbation paradigm to endorse that would support universal interpretations about locomotor instability. Building the most accurate patient profiles of instability likely requires a series of perturbation paradigms designed to emulate the variety of environmental contexts in which falls may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Shelton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ellora M McTaggart
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica L Allen
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vicki S Mercer
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy R Crenshaw
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jason R Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Sandstrom A, Krause S, Ouellet-Courtois C, Kelly-Turner K, Radomsky AS. What's control got to do with it? A systematic review of control beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 107:102372. [PMID: 38091769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Current conceptualizations of control-related beliefs in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have largely been limited to beliefs about the need to control thoughts. Although growing evidence supports the notion of considering broader control-related constructs in this disorder, there has been limited research aimed at integrating findings across studies, making it difficult to determine how different control-related beliefs may influence OCD symptoms. The current review sought to systematically analyze findings from all studies investigating the relationship between control beliefs and OCD. The systematic search identified 157 eligible articles that assessed the relationship between control beliefs and OCD symptoms. Results suggested that certain control beliefs (e.g., importance of/need to control of thoughts, sense of control, beliefs about losing control) may be more closely associated with OCD than others (e.g., locus of control, and desire for control). In general, control beliefs were positively associated with OCD, with effect sizes ranging from small to large depending on the symptom domain. Based on limited studies, the only control belief which demonstrated specificity to OCD was ICT. Findings support the importance of integrating additional control beliefs in conceptualizations of OCD and provide evidence to support the benefits of targeting these beliefs in cognitive behavioural therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sandstrom
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sandra Krause
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Catherine Ouellet-Courtois
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kenneth Kelly-Turner
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adam S Radomsky
- Concordia University, Department of Psychology, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Bannan A, Kamal I, Al Makishah NH, Natto ZS. Reducing microbial airborne contamination and particulate matter using different oral suctions in dental clinic: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:374-380. [PMID: 38419981 PMCID: PMC10897624 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess oral suction devices in declining microbial airborne contamination level and particulate matter. Materials and methods This open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted in an educational hospital with 50 participants above 18 years of age, who had scheduled an appointment at a dental hygienist clinic for scaling procedure. Particulate matter and microbial airborne contamination levels were taken at the beginning for 15 min and during of scaling procedure. Participants were randomized to five groups: low suction, high & low suction, intraoral suction (IOS), extra-oral suction (EOS) & low suction, and IOS & EOS. Repeated measured ANOVA analysis was carried out using STATA version 13. Results Participants had aged 34.4 ± 8.1 years and the average simplified oral hygiene index was 3.5 ± 1.2. Microbial airborne contamination level for each intervention group was different to baseline; low suction, intraoral suction, high & low suction, EOS & low suction, and EOS and intraoral suction were 1089 ± 610, 296.3 ± 321.2, 43.8 ± 52.1, 17.3 ± 7.3 and 14.3 ± 3.9, respectively [P value < 0.05]. Particulate matter shows evidence of no significant difference among oral suctions [P value > 0.05]. Conclusion Low or intraoral suction was not enough to reduce microbial airborne contamination for better infection control, practitioners highly recommended to use combination of suction devices. Clinical relevance Using extra-oral with intra-oral suction, or extra-oral suction with low section, or high & low suction are potentially better in microbial airborne contamination reduction compared with low or intraoral suction only. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05848245) on April 14, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraar Bannan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Kamal
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, AlAzhar University, Egypt
| | - Naief H. Al Makishah
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair S. Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abalos JB, Saito Y, Ramos MA, Cruz GT. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Older Adults in the Philippines. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad155. [PMID: 37379565 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the current prevalence and management of hypertension among older Filipinos. To address this gap, we examined the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, as well as their correlates, among older Filipinos. METHODS We analyzed a nationally representative survey of Filipinos aged 60 years and older (N = 5 985) in the Philippines. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken using a digital BP apparatus. People with hypertension included those with a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or a diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or those who reported current use of antihypertensive medication. People with undiagnosed hypertension were those who had measured hypertension but had not been diagnosed by a doctor as having hypertension, while people with untreated hypertension were those who had measured hypertension but not taking medication. Among those who were taking antihypertensive medication, respondents with measured hypertension were considered to have uncontrolled BP. RESULTS Results showed that 69.1% of older Filipinos had hypertension, but only 61.6% of people with hypertension were aware of their hypertension and 51.5% were untreated. Sociodemographic factors, such as age, sex, education, and living arrangements, were significantly associated with hypertension prevalence, hypertension awareness, lack of treatment for hypertension, and/or suboptimal BP control. CONCLUSION We observed a high prevalence of hypertension among older Filipinos and a relatively low level of awareness and treatment of hypertension among them. While there are government efforts to address the growing prevalence of hypertension in the country, more efforts should be made to bring these government programs to older Filipinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeofrey B Abalos
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Nihon University College of Economics, Tokyo, Japan
- Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Miguel A Ramos
- Geriatric Center - St Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Grace T Cruz
- University of the Philippines Population Institute, Quezon City, Philippines
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Mogaji HO, Adewale B, Smith SI, Igumbor EU, Idemili CJ, Taylor-Robinson AW. Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria's national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:10. [PMID: 38297349 PMCID: PMC10832123 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax is a non-contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Infection is common in livestock and wild animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, camels, and antelopes. In humans, anthrax may occur after contact with contaminated carcasses or animal products like milk and meat. The best method to prevent anthrax in people is to ensure livestock are vaccinated, which significantly limits the risk of zoonotic spread to humans. However, the rate of vaccination of domesticated animals kept by nomadic pastoralists in West Africa is low. These groups regularly cross over national boundaries with their grazing herds. Nigeria is a country that historically has done comparatively well to contain this public health threat. However, in 2023 several outbreaks of human disease appear linked to the consumption of anthrax-contaminated animal products brought into Nigeria by pastoralists from neighboring countries. Clinical manifestations include skin sores or ulcers, nausea, vomiting, and fever. This article aims to raise awareness of recent outbreaks of anthrax in West Africa and to call for a renewed focus on measures to combat this neglected public health concern to the region. MAIN BODY The imperative to pinpoint pivotal issues relating to the ongoing emergence of anthrax cases in Nigeria cannot be overstated. By delving into the prevalence of anthrax in both livestock and human populations residing along Nigeria's borders, unraveling the genetic diversity and potential sources of B. anthracis strains, and identifying the primary animal host(s) responsible for transmission, we stand to enhance our understanding of this critical issue. Furthermore, investigating the multifaceted factors contributing to anthrax transmission, assessing community knowledge and practices, mapping common migratory routes of pastoralists, and formulating targeted intervention strategies tailored to the challenges of border communities, are each crucial steps towards effective control and prevention. CONCLUSION Closing these knowledge gaps on anthrax is not only essential for safeguarding both animal and human health but also for fostering sustainable and resilient communities. Addressing research questions on these interdisciplinary concerns will undoubtedly pave the way for informed decision-making, proactive measures, and a more secure future for Nigeria and its border regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed O Mogaji
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Parasitology and Epidemiology Unit, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Adewale
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stella I Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ehimario U Igumbor
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Chidumebi J Idemili
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew W Taylor-Robinson
- College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Gia Lam District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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23
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Wrosch C, Heckhausen J. Control strategies for managing health threats in older adults. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101750. [PMID: 38039949 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses the motivational processes that enable older adults to manage health-related threats and to protect their psychological and physical functioning. Based on the Motivational Theory of Life-Span Development (MTD) [1], we describe how an age- and opportunity-adjusted use of control strategies can support the regulation of important developmental goals across the lifespan. In addition, we apply the premises of the MTD to the management of health threats in later adulthood and review the pertinent empirical literature. Finally, we use the Lines-of-Defense model [2] to show how an orchestrated and strategic use of control strategies can help older adults to manage the experience of progressive health declines and remain engaged in the pursuit of important health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Wrosch
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Jutta Heckhausen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
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24
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Dantas-Torres F, Figueredo LA, Sales KGDS, de Luna RLN, de Sousa-Paula LC, da Silva LG, Bonifácio LLN, Otranto D. Prevention of heartworm infection in dogs using a combination of moxidectin, imidacloprid and praziquantel: evidence from a randomized clinical trial. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:94. [PMID: 38212547 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical combination of moxidectin 3.5%, imidacloprid 10% and praziquantel 10% for the prevention of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) infection in dogs. For this purpose, a randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted between August 2021 and October 2022, in the municipality of Goiana, state of Pernambuco, north-eastern Brazil, where heartworm is highly prevalent. Of the 213 dogs initially sampled (baseline), 68 (31.9%) were positive for adult antigens (SNAP 4Dx Plus, Idexx) and/or microfilariae (modified Knott's test). On day 0, 140 negative dogs were randomly included in the treatment and control groups, 70 animals each. During the study, 60 dogs (34 treated and 26 untreated) were removed for different reasons. At the end of the study (day 360 ± 2), 36 treated and 44 untreated were sampled and included in the efficacy calculation. The efficacy against the development of adults and microfilariae was 84.7%, with only one treated dog being positive for adult antigens but negative for microfilariae. On the other hand, eight untreated dogs were positive for adult antigens and/or microfilariae, resulting in a significant difference in the number of positives between groups (Chi-square test = 4.706, df = 1, P = 0.0301). Remarkably, the efficacy against the appearance of D. immitis microfilariae was 100% (i.e., all treated dogs negative) and three untreated dogs were positive for microfilariae. The topical combination of moxidectin 3.5%, imidacloprid 10% and praziquantel 10% significantly reduced the risk of D. immitis infection in treated dogs as compared with untreated dogs, in a highly endemic area in north-eastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Christian de Sousa-Paula
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lidiane Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Gartling GJ, van Mersbergen M, Crow K, Lewandowski A, Smith LJ, Gartner-Schmidt JL. The Patient Experience: The Relationship Between Vocal Handicap, Congruency, Perceived Present Control, and Mood Across Four Voice Disorders. J Voice 2024; 38:244.e15-244.e27. [PMID: 34615615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential for negative sequalae in psychosocial well-being presents clinical importance to the assessment of voice disorders. Despite the impairment voice disorders cause in the psychosocial domain, the clinical assessment of these disorders relies heavily on visual perceptual judgments of the larynx, audio-perceptual, as well as acoustic and aerodynamic measures. While these measures aid in accurate diagnosis and are necessary for standard of care, they present little insight into the patient experience of having a voice disorder. DESIGN Retrospective between-subject, non-experimental design. METHODS Data from 335 patients from the University of Pittsburgh Voice Center were collected from scores of the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and two recent questionnaires, the Voice Present Perceived Control scale (VPPC), and the Vocal Congruency Scale (VCS). Examining how these voice-specific scales related to three mental health screeners for stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were also examined. Patient diagnoses included primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD), unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), vocal fold atrophy, and mid membranous vocal fold lesions. RESULTS There were significant differences in scores from the voice-specific scales between diagnostic groups with UVFP being the highest (worst) in VHI-10 and UVFP being the lowest (worst) in VCS compared to healthy controls. There was no significant difference in VPPC scores between diagnostic groups. Results showed statistically significant inverse relationships between the VHI-10 and the VPPC and between the VHI-10 and VCS for all diagnostic groups. A significant direct relationship was found between the VPPC and the VCS for patients diagnosed with MTD, UVFP and Lesions. In sum, patients with UVFP presented with the most frequent and sometimes strongest relationships between voice and mental health measures. DISCUSSION This study marks an initial investigation into the nuanced patient experience of having a voice disorder. Three theoretically unrelated voice constructs: handicap, perceived control, and sense of self, were measured via self-report. Results from this study describe the patient experience correlating to these constructs with weak correlations to stress, anxiety, and depression. Findings also clearly suggest that patient experience varies among diagnostic groups, as well as varying constructs. Measures of multiple constructs of patient perception provide valuable insight into a patient's experience of their voice disorder, guidance on the direction of voice treatment, and justification for such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Gartling
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miriam van Mersbergen
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Karen Crow
- Louisville Center for Voice Care, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ali Lewandowski
- University of Pittsburgh Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Libby J Smith
- University of Pittsburgh Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jackie L Gartner-Schmidt
- Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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26
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Almalki ZS, Imam MT, Ahmed NJ, Ghanem RK, S.Alanazi T, Juweria S, .Alanazi TS, Alqadhibi RB, Alsaleh S, Hasino FH, saad Alsffar A, I Alzarea A, Albassam AA, Alshehri AM, Alahmari AK, Alem GM, Alalwan AA, Alamer A. The influence of telemedicine in primary healthcare on diabetes mellitus control and treatment adherence in Riyadh region. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101920. [PMID: 38178848 PMCID: PMC10765100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found that telemedicine has the potential to enhance the outcomes of patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the impact of telemedicine on the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a cross-sectional study among T2DM patients in selected primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from March 1, 2023, to August 20, 2023. We looked at how telemedicine affected HbA1c control, adherence, the number of diabetic complications, and polypharmacy using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Among the 583 patients, 140 (24.05 %) received care via telemedicine, while 442 (75.95 %) received in-person care. Patients who utilized telemedicine had significantly better glycemic control than those who received in-person care only (AOR = 5.123, 95 % CI = 3.107-8.447). Telemedicine also showed positive effects on treatment adherence (AOR = 2.552, 95 % CI = 1.6284-4.2414). Telemedicine can effectively reduce diabetic complications (AOR = 0.277, 95 % CI = 0.134-0.571). Regarding polypharmacy, patients with telemedicine use were less likely to report polypharmacy (AOR = 0.559, 95 % CI = 0.361-0.866). Telemedicine is considered one of the factors that improve HbA1c management and might increase therapeutic adherence and reduce diabetic complications and polypharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad T. Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad J. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf K. Ghanem
- College of Pharmacy, Almmarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Syeda Juweria
- College of Pharmacy, Almmarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Shadan Alsaleh
- College of Pharmacy, Almmarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadah H. Hasino
- College of Pharmacy, Almmarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz I Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K. Alahmari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M. Alem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alalwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alamer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Bijma NN, Billeschou P, Baird E, Dacke M, Kovalev A, Filippov AE, Manoonpong P, Gorb SN. The effect of surface topography on the ball-rolling ability of Kheper lamarcki (Scarabaeidae). J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb245920. [PMID: 38018408 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The most effective way to avoid intense inter- and intra-specific competition at the dung source, and to increase the distance to the other competitors, is to follow a single straight bearing. While ball-rolling dung beetles manage to roll their dung balls along nearly perfect straight paths when traversing flat terrain, the paths that they take when traversing more complex (natural) terrain are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of complex surface topographies on the ball-rolling ability of Kheper lamarcki. Our results reveal that ball-rolling trajectories are strongly influenced by the characteristic scale of the surface structure. Surfaces with an increasing similarity between the average distance of elevations and the ball radius cause progressively more difficulties during ball transportation. The most important factor causing difficulties in ball transportation appears to be the slope of the substrate. Our results show that, on surfaces with a slope of 7.5 deg, more than 60% of the dung beetles lose control of their ball. Although dung beetles still successfully roll their dung ball against the slope on such inclinations, their ability to roll the dung ball sideways diminishes. However, dung beetles do not seem to adapt their path on inclines such that they roll their ball in the direction against the slope. We conclude that dung beetles strive for a straight trajectory away from the dung pile, and that their actual path is the result of adaptations to particular surface topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke N Bijma
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Billeschou
- SDU Biorobotics, The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Emily Baird
- Department of Functional Zoomorphology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18b, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Dacke
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Kovalev
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander E Filippov
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Poramate Manoonpong
- SDU Biorobotics, The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M DK-5230, Denmark
- Bio-inspired Robotics & Neural Engineering Lab, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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28
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Meneses L, Sillankorva S, Azeredo J. Bacteriophage Control of Infectious Biofilms. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2734:141-150. [PMID: 38066367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation, a strategy of bacterial survival, is a significant concern in different areas, including health, where infectious biofilms are very difficult to combat with conventional antimicrobial therapies. Bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, are promising agents to prevent and control biofilm-related infections. This chapter describes a series of standard procedures that can be used to study the potential of bacteriophages for biofilm control, from biofilm formation to bacteriophage treatment and evaluation of its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Meneses
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LPM - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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29
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Rajala E, Gröndal H, Sternberg Lewerin S. The first outbreak of African swine fever in Sweden: a survey of pig farmers' perceptions of information received, risks, biosecurity measures and future prospects. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:58. [PMID: 38110953 PMCID: PMC10729408 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever (ASF), a viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boar with up to 100% case fatality, was confirmed in Swedish wild boar in September 2023. The responsible authorities launched a control programme to eradicate the infection. The aim of the current study was to understand (i) how Swedish pig farmers have perceived the information issued by authorities and other stakeholders since the discovery of ASF in wild boar, (ii) which risks they see for introducing the infection to their farm, (iii) what biosecurity measures they have taken on their farms, and (iv) their outlook on the future. Such information is important for evaluating the effectiveness of the early stages of ASF control in Sweden. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to members of the Swedish pig producers' organisation. RESULTS A total of 155 farmers responded to the survey (response rate 36%). Almost all respondents had received general information about ASF (91%, n = 138), and 72% (n = 109) had received information about how they can protect their farm from ASF introduction. A majority (87%, n = 118) thought the information was easy to understand, 90% (n = 137) that is was relevant, and 77% (n = 117) that they currently did not lack any information. If given the resources necessary, 58% (n = 84) of the farmers would like to take additional measures such as fencing, and heavily reduce or eradicate the wild boar population. Wild boars were considered the greatest risk for introduction of ASF into their herd (39%, n = 57), followed by people (30%, n = 44), and transports (16%, n = 23). Many farmers (66%, n = 88) had a positive outlook on the future, and 89% (n = 127) have not changed their plans for the future since the ASF outbreak. CONCLUSIONS The responding farmers were in general satisfied with the information received in the beginning of the ASF outbreak. The majority have a positive outlook on the future and the outbreak has not caused them to change their plans. Actions that were highlighted as important to safeguard Sweden's pig production included measures to control the wild boar population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rajala
- Division of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hedvig Gröndal
- Division of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna Sternberg Lewerin
- Division of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Zewdie G, Akalu M, Tolossa W, Belay H, Deresse G, Zekarias M, Tesfaye Y. A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies. Virol J 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38102688 PMCID: PMC10724896 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects the livelihoods and productivity of livestock farmers in endemic regions. It can infect various domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves and is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae, which has seven different serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, economic impact, diagnosis, and control measures of FMD in Ethiopia in comparison with the global situation. The genetic and antigenic diversity of FMD viruses requires a thorough understanding for developing and applying effective control strategies in endemic areas. FMD has direct and indirect economic consequences on animal production. In Ethiopia, FMD outbreaks have led to millions of USD losses due to the restriction or rejection of livestock products in the international market. Therefore, in endemic areas, disease control depends on vaccinations to prevent animals from developing clinical disease. However, in Ethiopia, due to the presence of diverse antigenic serotypes of FMD viruses, regular and extensive molecular investigation of new field isolates is necessary to perform vaccine-matching studies to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine strain in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Zewdie
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirtneh Akalu
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Ap, 522502, India
| | | | - Hassen Belay
- Africa Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Center (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box: 1746, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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31
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Miranda FR, Avelar BR, de Jesus ILR, Guimarães BG, Bonfim IV, Alves MCC, Ferreira TP, Azevedo TRC, Cid YP, Scott FB. Do combinations of fipronil, eugenol and carvacrol have synergistic effects against Rhipicephalus sanguineus? Parasitol Res 2023; 123:48. [PMID: 38095726 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is one of the main ectoparasites that affects dogs, causing direct and indirect damage to parasitized animals. Currently, infestation control is mainly carried out by using synthetic acaricidal drugs. However, a decrease in efficacy and an increase in resistance to the main therapeutic protocols against tick infestations have been increasingly reported and confirmed, a factor that has driven research into the potential acaricide activity of natural compounds, including in association with synthetic molecules. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the combinations of fipronil (FIP) and eugenol (EUG), FIP and carvacrol (CAR), and EUG and CAR would have synergistic effects against immature and unfed adult stages of R. sanguineus through in vitro bioassays. Bioassays were carried out using the larval packet test (FAO 2004) adapted for nymphs and adults. The synergistic activity was explored by combining each solution, based on the estimated LC50, in a 1:1 ratio (FIP: EUG, FIP: CAR and EUG: CAR). CompuSyn software was used to evaluate the various pairwise combinations of FIP, EUG and CAR, checking if there was synergism or antagonism between them. FIP and EUG and FIP and CAR showed combination index (CIn) values above 1.45, indicating antagonism. The synergistic activity between EUG and CAR was verified against all unfed phases of R. sanguineus, since the CIn was below 0.70, a value that indicates synergism. The combination of fipronil with either eugenol or carvacrol presented antagonistic effects against R. sanguineus larvae. On the other hand, carvacrol and eugenol had excellent pharmacological synergism against all tick stages with mortality values in the range of 80 to 100%, including the adult stage, which is less susceptible than immature stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rocha Miranda
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Rauta Avelar
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lins Raquel de Jesus
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brena Gava Guimarães
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Vilela Bonfim
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melina Cardilo Campos Alves
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Paes Ferreira
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro Correa Azevedo
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yara Peluso Cid
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Health and Biological Science Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Barbour Scott
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Du H, Cheng T, Chu W, Wei X, Chen X, Liu B, Hur K, Dong S. Simultaneous modulation of CHO cell cytotoxicity, turbidity, and DOC by coagulation with or without pre-oxidation in water from the Pearl River Delta region, China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166840. [PMID: 37690763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation with or without pre-oxidation are important drinking water treatment processes. However, the efficacy of these processes in mitigating water toxicity remains unknown. To further improve drinking water safety, we employed water from the Pearl River Delta region of southern China to investigate a treatment approach consisting of coagulation with or without pre-oxidation to simultaneously modulate health-relevant cytotoxicity to CHO cells, on top of the conventional foci of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during water treatment. Three coagulants (two aluminum-based and one iron-based salts) and three pre-oxidants (ozone, permanganate, and peroxymonosulfate) were studied. For coagulation without pre-oxidation, intermediate coagulant doses and pH reached optimum cytotoxicity to CHO cells, turbidity, and DOC control simultaneously. Introducing oxidants reduced cytotoxicity to CHO cells significantly, enhanced by increasing oxidant concentrations and pre-oxidation duration. The cytotoxicity to CHO cells mitigation capabilities of three pre-oxidants were: ozone > peroxymonosulfate > potassium permanganate. Modulation of water cytotoxicity to CHO cells was mostly attributable to controlling DOC (specifically humic-acid like substances, tyrosine, tryptophan). However, the addition of pre-oxidants led to significant shifts in water cytotoxicity to CHO cells forcing drivers, rendering humic-acid like substances the sole decisive cytotoxicity-inducing fluorophores. For the first time, 'sweet spots' were identified to simultaneously monitor cytotoxicity to CHO cells alongside turbidity and DOC. These methods better modulate water cytotoxicity to CHO cells without sacrificing conventional water treatment goals while shedding light onto the mechanisms behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Du
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tianle Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Bingjun Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Kyu Hur
- 3-2-9 Yushima, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Shengkun Dong
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Wang Y, Fang J, Lü F, Zhang H, He P. Food waste anaerobic digestion plants: Underestimated air pollutants and control strategy. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166143. [PMID: 37572914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Food waste management is an important global issue, and anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable technology for treating food waste and developing a circular economy. Odor and health problems in AD plants have drawn increasing public attention. Therefore, this study investigated the odor characteristics and health risks in different workshops of food waste AD plants. At each site, the treatment capacities for kitchen and restaurant waste were 200 and 200-250 tons per day, respectively. Among the detected odorants, ethanol was the dominant component in terms of concentrations, while methanethiol, propanethiol, H2S, and acetaldehyde were the major odor contributors in different workshops. The odor contribution of propanethiol had been previously overlooked in several workshops. The unloading, pretreatment, and bio-hydrolysis workshops were identified as major areas requiring odor control. Besides odor, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks commonly existed in food waste AD plants. The carcinogenic risk of acetaldehyde had been underestimated previously, and it was identified as the dominant carcinogen. Furthermore, benzene was a potential carcinogen. Non-carcinogenic risks were mainly caused by acetaldehyde, H2S, and ethyl acetate. The health risks were not always consistent with odor nuisance. Based on the odor and health risk assessments, several air pollution control strategies for food waste AD plants were proposed, including food waste source control, in-situ pollution control, and ex-situ pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Naval Medical Centre, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment & Reclamation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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La Jeon Y, Lee SG, Lee EH, Song S, Lee OJ, Go UY, Chun GY, Choi HM, Choi JY. The experience and reflections of GC labs as an independent clinical laboratory to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:855. [PMID: 38057704 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive testing was undertaken by independent clinical laboratories (ICLs), yet limited research exists on this matter. Drawing from Green Cross Laboratories (GC Labs)' pandemic response experience, this study seeks to offer insights for preparation for the next pandemic. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (SARS-CoV-2 rRT PCR) tests administered by GC Labs for COVID-19 diagnosis, upon request by different organizations, between February 2020 and April 2022. The distribution of institutions that requested the tests, the type of tests, and the positive rate were analyzed. We investigated resource allocation details. RESULTS ICLs were responsible for conducting 85.6% of all tests carried out under South Korea's COVID-19 testing policy during the pandemic. The availability of free testing regardless of symptoms led to a significant increase in the use of pooled tests, which accounted for more than 80% of all tests conducted after August 2021. The gender and age distribution of COVID-19 cases nationwide and GC Labs' positive cases were similar. When we analyzed the positive rate by requesting organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite an overall nationwide positivity rate of 35%, high-risk facilities exhibited a positivity rate of less than 5% by maintaining preemptive testing. The most notable increase in resources during the pandemic was seen in human resource input. CONCLUSIONS South Korea's ICLs were able to conduct large volumes of testing during the COVID-19 pandemic because of their logistics and computer systems, scalable testing space, and trained testing personnel. They also had the flexibility to bring in additional resources to expand testing capacity because they are specialized testing organizations. Hence, ICLs could execute the pooled test that the government had introduced for extensive general population screening. The preemptive periodic testing of high-risk populations kept the positive rate much lower than in the general population. This study's findings will aid in refining mass testing-based policies for the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- You La Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
| | - Sang Gon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea.
| | - Sungwook Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
| | - O-Jin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
| | - Un Yeong Go
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
| | - Ga-Young Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories, 107, Ihyeon-Ro 30Beon-Gil, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Go, South Korea
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Gholizadeh A, Khiadani M, Foroughi M, Alizade Siuki H, Mehrfar H. Wastewater treatment plants: The missing link in global One-Health surveillance and management of antibiotic resistance. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16 Suppl 1:217-224. [PMID: 37865529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a global public health crisis, antibiotic resistance (AR) should be monitored and managed under the One-Health concept according to the World Health Organization (WHO), considering the interconnection between humans, animals, and the environment. But this approach often remains focused on human health and rarely on the environment and its compartments, especially wastewater as the main AR receptor. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) not only are not designed for reliving AR but also provide appropriate conditions for enhancing AR through different mechanisms. METHODS By reviewing the research-based statistics on the inclusion of WWTPs in the One-Health/AR program crisis, this paper highlights the importance of paying attention to these hotspots, at first. Also, the importance and technical roadmap for the application of WWTPs in both surveillance and management of AR were provided. The current position of these facilities was also evaluated using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. In the end, the concluding knowledge gaps and research needs for future investigations were presented. RESULTS Despite the fact that wastewater matrices are the hotspot for AR dissemination, WWTPs appear under-represented in One-Health/AR literature. So, of the 414434 articles retrieved for One-Health only 1.5% (n = 6321) focused on AR and about 0.04% (n = 158) on WWTPs. The potential of WWTPs inclusion in AR surveillance has been confirmed by several studies, however, when it comes to its inclusion for management of AR, more evidence should be presented, which confirmed by SWOT results. DISCUSSION As such, WWTPs simultaneously provide opportunities for AR surveillance as it is assumed that this medium can reflect the reality of the corresponding society, and for managing unexpected crises which could impact the public. Nonetheless, there are still numerous considerations to change WWTPs role from Achilles' heel to Ajax' shield, including strengthening the research-based knowledge and conducting both surveillance and management strategies of AR under One-Health concept (One-Health/AR) in a clear straightforward framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khiadani
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Maryam Foroughi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Hadi Alizade Siuki
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Hadi Mehrfar
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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Höglund J, Daş G, Tarbiat B, Geldhof P, Jansson DS, Gauly M. Ascaridia galli - An old problem that requires new solutions. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023; 23:1-9. [PMID: 37516026 PMCID: PMC10409999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Reports of Ascaridia galli in laying hens in Europe have increased since the ban on conventional battery cages in 2012. As this parasite is transmitted directly via the faecal-oral route by parasite eggs containing a larva, it is reasonable to assume that the escalating problem is related to the increased exposure now occurring in modern welfare-friendly cage-free housing systems. On many farms, A. galli reappears in subsequent flocks, even though the birds have no access to the outdoors, biosecurity is high and empty houses are cleaned and disinfected during downtime. Since the egg production cycle lasts only ≈80 weeks and recombinant antigen production for helminth vaccines has not yet been solved, the development of a vaccine seems to be an unrealistic option. Therefore, disrupting the life cycle of the parasite by other means, including the strategic use of dewormers, appears to be the key to controlling infection. Of concern is that only one class of anthelmintics is licenced for poultry in Europe and that are usually administered indiscriminately through the birds' drinking water and often too late when the parasite is already established. If current calendar-based parasite control strategies are not changed, there is a risk that resistance to anthelmintics may develop, as has already been demonstrated with nematodes in livestock. We insist that treatments can be more effective and the risk of developing drug resistance can be mitigated if we invest in a better understanding of A. galli responses to more prudent and judicious use of anthelmintics. This review identifies knowledge gaps and highlights aspects of sustainable parasite control that require further research to support commercial egg producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Höglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gürbüz Daş
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner', Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Behdad Tarbiat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Désirée S Jansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Free University of Bolzano, Department of Animal Science, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Feltham C, Thomson G, Kingdon C. The makings of a maternal obesity epidemic: A meta-narrative review. Midwifery 2023; 127:103826. [PMID: 37856978 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND The prevalence and complications of maternal obesity are well reported; with a hegemonic medicalised view leading to women's pregnant bodies being 'managed'. We aimed to address current knowledge gaps by exploring the literature across research traditions and overtime to better understand the experiences of maternity care for women living with obesity, in relation to choice, consent and control. METHODS A systematic review using meta-narrative methods. Identification of studies included a scoping phase involving experts, hand searching and database browsing and a systematic searching phase. Seven databases (MEDLINE, MIDIRS, CINAHLComplete, Scopus, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss) were searched with no date or geographical restriction. Non- English language studies were excluded. Two authors appraised quality prior to data extraction and synthesis. Data were tabulated, and women's experiences conceptualised in relation to choice, consent and control, first, by research tradition to reveal the unfolding storyline, secondly emergent narratives were synthesised into meta-themes. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included, from six research traditions. Of these, twenty-one were qualitative, two were quantitative, and one study utilised a mixed method design. Studies spanned twenty-six years from 1994 to 2020. Across research traditions, four themes were evident, 'women's beliefs and experiences of weight', 'social determinants', 'being risked-managed' and 'attitudes of caregivers'. Over time, management of maternal obesity has moved from a focus on weight gain and diet as a woman's issue, to weight being pathological resulting in increased medicalisation, to a renewed focus on lifestyle through the public health arena. It suggests that lack of choice over care can reduce women's perception of control over their pregnancy and birth experience. CONCLUSION Increased medicalisation of maternal obesity, which includes defining and managing weight as pathological can limit women's choice and control over their maternity care. There is a need for national and local policy development which includes women in the process. It is important that women's views are heard, understood and acted upon so that a balance can be achieved, avoiding over medicalisation, yet ensuring mortality and morbidity risks are minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Feltham
- Senior Lecturer in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Gill Thomson
- Professor in Perinatal Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Kingdon
- Reader in Medical Sociology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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Wu F, Ren F, Xie X, Meng J, Wu X. The implication of viability and pathogenicity by truncated lipopolysaccharide in Yersinia enterocolitica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7165-7180. [PMID: 37728625 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The fast envelope stress responses play a key role in the transmission and pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolitica, one of the most common foodborne pathogens. Our previous study showed that deletion of the waaF gene, essential for the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core polysaccharides, led to the formation of a truncated LPS structure and induced cell envelope stress. This envelope stress may disturb the intracellular signal transduction, thereby affecting the physiological functions of Y. enterocolitica. In this study, truncated LPS caused by waaF deletion was used as a model of envelope stress in Y. enterocolitica. We investigated the mechanisms of envelope stress responses and the cellular functions affected by truncated LPS. Transcriptome analysis and phenotypic validation showed that LPS truncation reduced flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and inositol phosphate metabolism, presenting lower pathogenicity and viability both in vivo and in vitro environments. Further 4D label-free phosphorylation analysis confirmed that truncated LPS perturbed multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways. Specifically, a comprehensive discussion was conducted on the mechanisms by which chemotactic signal transduction and Rcs system contribute to the inhibition of chemotaxis. Finally, the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica with truncated LPS was evaluated in vitro using IPEC-J2 cells as models, and it was found that truncated LPS exhibited reduced adhesion, invasion, and toxicity of Y. enterocolitica to IPEC-J2 cells. Our research provides an understanding of LPS in the regulation of Y. enterocolitica viability and pathogenicity and, thus, opening new avenues to develop novel food safety strategies or drugs to prevent and control Y. enterocolitica infections. KEY POINTS: • Truncated LPS reduces flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, and inositol phosphate metabolism in Y. enterocolitica. • Truncated LPS reduces adhesion, invasion, and toxicity of Y. enterocolitica to IPEC-J2 cells. • Truncated LPS regulates intracellular signal transduction of Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Fengyun Ren
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Jiao Meng
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Cepeda DF, Ascari J, de Oliveira MS, Antonioli G, Barcellos T, Anholeto LA, Nunes PH. Effect of Tagetes minuta essential oil on the central nervous system of unfed Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato 'tropical lineage' ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 91:697-714. [PMID: 37985606 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato 'tropical lineage' (Acari: Ixodidae) is considered a sanitary concern due to its role as a disease vector. Tick strains resistant to synthetic acaricides have caused difficulties in their control, besides synthetic acaricides are harmful to the environment and to the health of non-target animals. The research of plants with acaricidal and repellent properties has proved to be an efficient alternative in tick control. The genus Tagetes spp. excels for its use as traditional pest control in households and plantations and also for its potential as an acaricide against R. sanguineus under laboratory conditions. The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of Tagetes minuta essential oil (TMEO) on the central nervous system (synganglion) in unfed R. sanguineus adults. The histological analysis of synganglion exposed to the different concentrations of TMEO and amitraz 12.5% (50% of the recommended dose in the package insert) showed a significant effect with signs of cell damage including volume increase, loss of shape, and vacuolization, in addition to chromatin alterations such as condensation, margination, and fragmentation. TMEO were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showing the presence of 21 compounds that according to their chemical structure are classified as terpenoids. Among them (Z)-β-ocimene, ocimene, (Z)-tagetone, and verbenone were found in major quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fernando Cepeda
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Paraná, 85870-901, Brazil.
| | - Jociani Ascari
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Câmpus Santa Helena, Santa Helena, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Murilo Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Câmpus Santa Helena, Santa Helena, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Antonioli
- Universidade de Caixas do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas St, 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Universidade de Caixas do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas St, 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Adriano Anholeto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234 s/n, Fazenda Canchim, Caixa Postal 339, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Pablo Henrique Nunes
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Paraná, 85870-901, Brazil
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Jarvis L, Randell KA. The Health Care Provider's Role in Addressing Adolescent Relationship Abuse. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1087-1102. [PMID: 37865432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) is highly prevalent across all sociodemographic groups with negative outcomes in multiple domains of health. Using a healing-centered engagement approach, health care providers can support healthy adolescent relationships and connect ARA survivors to resources and supports to ensure health and well-being. Essential components of health care support for adolescents experiencing ARA include validation of disclosure, assessing safety, a warm hand-off to advocacy resources, addressing immediate and long-term health needs, and connection to a trusted adult. Informing adolescents about limits of confidentiality and use of shared decision-making after ARA disclosure recognizes adolescents' lived experiences and emerging autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Jarvis
- Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kimberly A Randell
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Marra D, Karapantsios T, Caserta S, Secchi E, Holynska M, Labarthe S, Polizzi B, Ortega S, Kostoglou M, Lasseur C, Karapanagiotis I, Lecuyer S, Bridier A, Noirot-Gros MF, Briandet R. Migration of surface-associated microbial communities in spaceflight habitats. Biofilm 2023; 5:100109. [PMID: 36909662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are spending longer periods locked up in ships or stations for scientific and exploration spatial missions. The International Space Station (ISS) has been inhabited continuously for more than 20 years and the duration of space stays by crews could lengthen with the objectives of human presence on the moon and Mars. If the environment of these space habitats is designed for the comfort of astronauts, it is also conducive to other forms of life such as embarked microorganisms. The latter, most often associated with surfaces in the form of biofilm, have been implicated in significant degradation of the functionality of pieces of equipment in space habitats. The most recent research suggests that microgravity could increase the persistence, resistance and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms detected in these communities, endangering the health of astronauts and potentially jeopardizing long-duration manned missions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and dynamics of installation and propagation of these microbial communities associated with surfaces (spatial migration), as well as long-term processes of adaptation and evolution in these extreme environments (phenotypic and genetic migration), with special reference to human health. We also discuss the means of control envisaged to allow a lasting cohabitation between these vibrant microscopic passengers and the astronauts.
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Handayani S, Hinchcliff R, Hasibuan ZA. Development of a Conceptual Framework for Tuberculosis Management and Control; an Evidence Synthesis Using Text Mining Software: A Review. Iran J Public Health 2023; 52:2506-2515. [PMID: 38435785 PMCID: PMC10903319 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i12.14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background The use of electronic systems supported by text-mining software applications that support the End TB strategy' needs to be explored. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap, and synthesis of evidence. Methods The PubMed database was searched for structured review articles published in English since 2012 on interventions to control and manage TB. Nine hundred twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. The included articles were synthesized using the text and content analysis software Leximancer. The themes were chosen based on the hit words that emerged in the frequency and heat maps. After the themes were chosen, the concept built the themes based on likelihood. Results The framework resulting in the study focuses on early detection and treatment to minimize the chance of TB transmission in the population, especially for highly susceptable populations. The main area highlighted is the appropriate screening and treatment domains. The framework generated in this study is somewhat in line with the WHO Final TB Strategy. This study highlights the importance of improving TB prevention through a patient-centered approach and protecting susceptible populations. Conclusion Our findings will be helpful in guiding TB practice, policy development and future research. Future research can elaborate the framework and elicit feedback from TB management stakeholdesr to assess its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Handayani
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Reece Hinchcliff
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith Health Group, Griffith University, Queensland Australia
| | - Zainal A. Hasibuan
- Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro, Semarang, Indonesia
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43
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Duan L, Yu M, Zhao M, Wu J. Enhancing Injury Prevention and Control in China: Establishment of Evidence System. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:1063-1066. [PMID: 38047246 PMCID: PMC10689963 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Duan
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Amin M, Gragnoli C. The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) is linked and associated with the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:222. [PMID: 37993904 PMCID: PMC10664635 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) may contribute to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) since it plays important roles in physiological ovarian functions. PRLR-knockout mice have irregular cycles and subfertility and variants in or around the PRLR gene were associated in humans with female testosterone levels and recurrent miscarriage. We tested 40 variants in the PRLR gene in 212 Italian families phenotyped by type 2 diabetes (T2D) and PCOS and found two intronic PRLR-variants (rs13436213 and rs1604428) significantly linked to and/or associated with the risk of PCOS. This is the first study to report PRLR as a novel risk gene in PCOS. Functional studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- INSERM, US14-Orphanet, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, 00197, Italy.
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45
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Aliro T, Odongo W, Ståhl K, Dione MM, Okello DM, Masembe C, Chenais E. Actions and perceived impact of African swine fever control measures along the smallholder pig value chain in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:410. [PMID: 37987884 PMCID: PMC10663180 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Pig production in Uganda is constrained by African swine fever (ASF) which is endemic in the country. Current measures taken by the Government of Uganda in controlling ASF outbreaks include trade and livestock movement restrictions, called "quarantine." Little is known about the actions of, and impact of value chain actors in response to ASF quarantines. This study describes actions that different stakeholders in the smallholder pig value chain took, and the perceived economic impact, during ASF quarantines. Data was collected in ten focus group discussions (FGD) using participatory epidemiology tools and two key informants' (KIs) interviews with District Veterinary Officers (DVOs) of Kisoro and Moyo districts in Uganda. The results show that during ASF quarantine, pig value chain actors shifted their activities from formal places such as livestock markets, slaughter slabs, pork butcheries and pork joints to informal places such as farmers' homesteads. Farmers were perceived the most economically affected stakeholder group with forgone income due to unsold pigs, costs for implementing biosecurity measures and extra costs for feeding unsold pigs being the major perceived causes of the losses. The continued trade in pigs and pig products in informal marketplaces suggests that quarantine might not be effective for hindering activities that might spread ASF in these settings. The perceived economic losses provide an insight into the negative economic impact of the quarantine for the different stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Aliro
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Walter Odongo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Karl Ståhl
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michel Mainack Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Micheal Okello
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erika Chenais
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nagarajah S, Alkandari A, Marques-Vidal P. Genetic risk scores: are they important for diabetes management? results from multiple cross-sectional studies. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:227. [PMID: 37950303 PMCID: PMC10636836 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic risk scores (GRS) for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been published, but not replicated. We aimed to 1) replicate previous findings on the association between GRS on prevalence of T2DM and 2) assess the association between GRS and T2DM management in a sample of community-dwelling people from Switzerland. METHODS Four waves from a prospective study conducted in Lausanne. Seven GRS related to T2DM were selected, and compared between participants with and without T2DM, and between controlled and uncontrolled participants treated for T2DM. RESULTS Data from 5426, 4017, 2873 and 2170 participants from the baseline, first, second and third follow-ups, respectively, was used. In all study periods, participants with T2DM scored higher than participants without T2DM in six out of seven GRS. Data from 367, 437, 285 and 207 participants with T2DM was used. In all study periods, approximately half of participants treated for T2DM did not achieve adequate fasting blood glucose or HbA1c levels, and no difference between controlled and uncontrolled participants was found for all seven GRS. Power analyses showed that most GRS needed a sample size above 1000 to consider the difference between controlled and uncontrolled participants as statistically significant at p = 0.05. CONCLUSION In this study, we confirmed the association between most published GRS and diabetes. Conversely, no consistent association between GRS and diabetes control was found. Use of GRS to manage patients with T2DM in clinical practice is not justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureka Nagarajah
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Office BH10-642, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Office BH10-642, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Bradfield Z, Rose MS, Freeman N, Leefhelm E, Wood J, Barnes C. Women's perspectives of nitrous oxide for labour and procedural analgesia: A prospective clinical audit and cross-sectional study. "It's the best thing". Women Birth 2023; 36:529-537. [PMID: 37423802 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM There is limited data regarding dose and duration of nitrous oxide use by women in peripartum care. Experiences of using nitrous in Australian settings have not previously been explored BACKGROUND: More than 1:2 women use nitrous oxide analgesia during labour and birth, despite this, there are limited published data on nitrous oxide use for labour or procedural analgesia in Australia. AIM To explore the use of nitrous oxide during labour and birth or procedural care. METHODS A two-phased sequential design was used; clinical audit (n = 183) and cross-sectional survey (n = 137) approaches supported data collection. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, qualitative data underwent content analysis. FINDINGS Nitrous oxide was used by primiparous and multiparous women evenly. Duration of labour-use ranged from < 15 min (10.9%) to > 5 h (10.8%), with equal representation between > 50% concentration (43%) and < 50% (43%). At audit, 75% found nitrous useful; postpartum maternal satisfaction scores remained high, mean indicators were 75%. More multiparous women found nitrous oxide useful than primiparous (95%vs80%,p = 0.009). There was no association between perceived usefulness and whether women were in spontaneous, augmented or induced labour; regardless of concentrations reached. Three key themes described women's perspectives of physical and psycho-emotional effects and challenges. DISCUSSION Nitrous oxide plays an important role in the provision of analgesia during procedural or labour and birth care. Service provision, parent and professional education, and future service design will benefit from these novel findings confirming the utility and acceptability of nitrous oxide use in contemporary maternity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Bradfield
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Monique S Rose
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Freeman
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Leefhelm
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Wood
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bagot Rd, Subiaco, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Escobar C, Barrios V, Cequier A, Cosin-Sales J, Seijas J, Doblas JJG, Arrarte V, Tuñon J, Banach M. Impact of the Spanish consensus for improving lipid control on patients admitted for an acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:756-764. [PMID: 37838521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2020, the Spanish Society of Cardiology published a consensus to improve lipid control in secondary prevention patients. This study was aimed to assess the impact of the implementation of this consensus in clinical practice. METHODS Non-interventional, national and multicenter study, with a prospective and retrospective design in two cohorts. Implementation of the consensus was performed on the prospective cohort. Prospective cohort included patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from December 2020 to March 2022 and were followed-up for 3 months. Retrospective cohort included patients with ACS in the same hospital, matched for main baseline clinical characteristics, between August 2019 to February 2020, with a follow-up of 3 months. Additionally, patients were included if they had previously received lipid-lowering therapy and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) was >55 mg/dL. RESULTS A total of 516 patients were included (245 in the prospective cohort and 271 in the retrospective cohort). Overall, mean age was 67.9 ± 11.4 years, 73.8 % were men, and 35.8 % had diabetes. At discharge, 98.4 % and 98.9 %, respectively (P = 0.71) were taking statins (90.6% vs 88.9 %; P = 0.564 high intensity statins), 58.4% vs 33.2 %; P<0.001 ezetimibe, 1.2% vs 0.4 %; P = 0.35 PCSK9 inhibitors. During the follow-up, the dose of statins was increased in 11.4% vs 3.3 % (P<0.001), and ezetimibe was added in 25.7% vs 25.8 % (P = 0.976). At study end, significantly more patients achieved LDL-C <55 mg/dL in the prospective cohort (45.6% vs 33.5 %; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of the Spanish lipid consensus was associated with a significant improvement of LDL-C control after only 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angel Cequier
- University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (Dr Cequier)
| | - Juan Cosin-Sales
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Cardiology, Valencia, Spain (Dr Cosin-Sales)
| | - Jose Seijas
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain (Dr Seijas)
| | | | | | - Jose Tuñon
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain (Dr Tuñon)
| | - Maciej Banach
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland (Dr Banach)
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Morrison R, Rose DC. Factors that influence dairy farmers' decisions to implement Johne's Disease control practices: A systematic review. Prev Vet Med 2023; 220:106053. [PMID: 37865010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Johne's Disease (JD) is an infectious ruminant disease that can cause economic loss for famers through reduced milk yields and infertility and has negative implications for animal welfare. JD is endemic in the dairy populations of many countries and there has been significant effort by governments and industry to try and control it. However, these efforts have had limited success. Many studies look at individual control programmes or the adoption of Johne's control measures; however a wider perspective on what drives farmer participation Johne's control does not currently exist. This study seeks to fill this gap by conducting a systematic review informed by the PRISMA statement. The results suggest that psychological factors such as participation fatigue, cognitive dissidence over animal welfare and not having first-hand experience of the disease act as barriers to Johne's control. To better promote Johne's control, this review emphasises that control programmes need to engage farmers, advisers, and supply chain actors in their design and delivery of control programmes to account for differing attitudes and levels of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Morrison
- School of Water, Energy and the Environment, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK.
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Oliveira GA, Remondes M, Garcia-Marques T. Easy to process, hard to control: Transient and sustained processing fluency impairs cognitive control adjustments to conflict. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2524-2534. [PMID: 36803030 PMCID: PMC10585938 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231159787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the cognitive monitoring system of control could be using negative affective cues intrinsic to changes in information processing to initiate top-down regulatory mechanisms. Here, we propose that positive feelings of ease-of-processing could be picked up by the monitoring system as a cue indicating that control is not necessary, leading to maladaptive control adjustments. We simultaneously target control adjustments driven by task context and on a trial-by-trial level, macro-, and micro-adjustments. This hypothesis was tested using a Stroop-like task comprised trials varying in congruence and perceptual fluency. A pseudo randomisation procedure within different proportion of congruence conditions was used to maximise discrepancy and fluency effects. Results suggest that in a mostly congruent context participants committed more fast errors when incongruent trials were easy-to-read. Moreover, within the mostly incongruent condition, we also found more errors on incongruent trials after experiencing the facilitation effect of repeated congruent trials. These results suggest that transient and sustained feelings of processing fluency can downregulate control mechanisms, leading to failed adaptive adjustments to conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo A Oliveira
- ISPA-William James Center for Research, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Remondes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Garcia-Marques
- ISPA-William James Center for Research, Lisboa, Portugal
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
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