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Li M, Li J, Qin X, Cai J, Peng R, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhao W, Chen M, Han D, Gong J. The effects of dextran in residual impurity on trehalose crystallization and formula in food preservation. Food Chem 2024; 442:138326. [PMID: 38219563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The residual dextran impurities in the upstream process significantly impact the crystallization of starch-based functional sugar and the related food properties. This study intends to reveal the mechanism of dextran's influence on trehalose crystallization, and build a relationship among the dextran in syrup and the physicochemical and functional properties of trehalose. Instead of incorporating into the crystal lattice, dextran changes the assembly rate of trehalose molecules on crystal surface. The different sensitivity and adsorption capacity of the crystal surface to the chain length of dextran determines the growth rate of crystal surfaces, resulting in different crystal morphology. The bulk trehalose crystals, which were obtained from syrups with short chain dextran, have excellent powder properties, including best flowability (35◦), highest crystal strength (2.7 N), lowest caking rate (62.22 %), and the most uniform mixing with other sweeteners (sucrose/xylitol) in food formulations, achieving more stable starch preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueyou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ronghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- Shandong Fuyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong 253100, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shandong Fuyang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong 253100, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang 312300, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang 312300, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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2
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Golodnizky D, Bernardes CES, Davidovich-Pinhas M. Isotropic liquid state of cocoa butter. Food Chem 2024; 439:138066. [PMID: 38035493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The complex crystal structure of coca butter (CB) is responsible for the unique melting behavior, surface gloss, and mechanical properties of chocolate. While most studies concentrated on the crystalline state of CB, few studied the isotropic liquid state, which has a major impact on the crystallization process and the characteristics of the resulting crystals. In this study, the molecular organizations of the main CB triacylglycerols (TAGs; 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol, palmitoyl-oleoyl-stearoylglycerol, POS, and 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoylglycerol) were studied. The findings revealed the tunning-fork (Tf) conformation, commonly found in the crystalline state, is the least abundant in the isotropic liquid state of CB and pure TAGs. Notably, POS was found to interact with itself in CB, while its molecules with Tf conformation, although in small amounts in the mixture, tend to pair with each other at lower temperatures. These results highlight the significance of POS in CB crystallization and provide insights for developing CB alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Golodnizky
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Carlos E S Bernardes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maya Davidovich-Pinhas
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Russell-Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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3
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Huang Z, Guo B, Zhang G. External factors affecting the linear and nonlinear rheological behavior of oleogel-based emulsions. Food Chem 2024; 439:138075. [PMID: 38029565 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reported oleogel-based emulsions (OGEs, W/O) stabilized by carnauba wax. The effects of different external factors (heating temperature, crystallization temperature, and shear application during crystallization) on the microstructure and linear/nonlinear rheological properties of OGEs were investigated. Microstructural observation suggested that the OGEs had a uniform droplet distribution, and the carnauba wax crystals trapped oil in the continuous phase. The gelatinized oil phase allowed the OGEs to have a solid appearance and typical yielding behavior. The small amplitude oscillation shear analysis showed that lower heating temperature, higher crystallization temperature, and suitable shear application resulted in a stronger, more stable, and tighter packed network structure and better resistance to deformation of the OGEs. For nonlinear behavior, the elastic dominant behavior of OGEs transformed into viscous dominant behavior at large strain amplitudes, accompanied by more energy dissipation, strain stiffening, and a transition from shear thickening to shear thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China
| | - Baozhong Guo
- Research Institute of Bird's Nest, Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co Ltd, Xiamen 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China.
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4
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Xu L, Kasting GB. Solvent and Crystallization Effects on the Dermal Absorption of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Compounds. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:948-960. [PMID: 37797884 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study probes the mechanisms by which volatile solvents (water, ethanol) and a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) influence the skin permeation of dissolved solutes following deposition of small doses onto unoccluded human skin. A secondary objective was to sharpen guidelines for the use of these and other simple solvent systems for dermal safety testing of cosmetic ingredients at finite doses. Four solutes were studied - niacinamide, caffeine, testosterone and geraniol - at doses close to that estimated to saturate the upper layers of the stratum corneum. Methods included tensiometry, visualization of spreading on skin, polarized light microscopy and in vitro permeation testing using radiolabeled solutes. Ethanol, aqueous ethanol and dilute aqueous Triton solutions all yielded surface tensions below 36 mN/m, allowing them to spread easily on the skin, unlike water (72.4 mN/m) which did not spread. Deposition onto skin of niacinamide (32 μg·cm-2) or caffeine (3.2 μg·cm-2) from water and ethanol led to crystalline deposits on the skin surface, whereas the same amounts applied from aqueous ethanol and 2 % Triton did not. Skin permeation of these compounds was inversely correlated to the extent of crystallization. A separate study with caffeine showed the absence of a dose-related skin permeability increase with Triton. Permeation of testosterone (8.2 μg·cm-2) was modestly increased when dosed from aqueous ethanol versus ethanol. Permeation of geraniol (2.9 μg·cm-2) followed the order aqueous ethanol > water ∼ 2 % Triton >> ethanol and was inversely correlated with evaporative loss. We conclude that, under the conditions tested, aqueous ethanol and Triton serve primarily as deposition aids and do not substantially disrupt stratum corneum lipids. Implications for the design of in vitro skin permeability tests are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Xu
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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5
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Ji Q, Liu Y, Chen C, Zhang H, Wang J, Mei K. Expression, purification, characterization and crystallization of Panax quinquefolius ginsenoside glycosyltransferase Pq3-O-UGT2. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106430. [PMID: 38184160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Pq3-O-UGT2, derived from Panax quinquefolius, functions as a ginsenoside glucosyltransferase, utilizing UDP-glucose (UDPG) as the sugar donor to catalyze the glycosylation of Rh2 and F2. An essential step in comprehending its catalytic mechanism involves structural analysis. In preparation for structural analysis, we expressed Pq3-O-UGT2 in the Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant Pq3-O-UGT2 was purified through Ni-NTA affinity purification, a two-step ion exchange chromatography, and subsequently size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Notably, the purified Pq3-O-UGT2 showed substantial activity toward Rh2 and F2, catalyzing the formation of Rg3 and Rd, respectively. This activity was discernible within a pH range of 4.0-9.0 and temperature range of 30-55 °C, with optimal conditions observed at pH 7.0-8.0 and 37 °C. The catalytic efficiency of Pq3-O-UGT2 toward Rh2 and F2 was 31.43 s-1 mΜ-1 and 169.31 s-1 mΜ-1, respectively. We further crystalized Pq3-O-UGT2 in both its apo form and co-crystalized forms with UDPG, Rh2 and F2, respectively. High-quality crystals were obtained and X-ray diffraction data was collected for all co-crystalized samples. Analysis of the diffraction data revealed that the crystal of Pq3-O-UGT2 co-crystalized with UDP-Glc belonged to space group P1, while the other two crystals belonged to space group P212121. Together, this study has laid a robust foundation for subsequent structural analysis of Pq3-O-UGT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yirong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Wang B, Guo S, Wang S, Jin J, Yang L, Gao W. Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of Chlamydophila pneumoniae AP endonuclease IV. Protein Expr Purif 2024:106476. [PMID: 38521114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Base excision is a crucial DNA repair process mediated by endonuclease IV in nucleotide excision. In Chlamydia pneumoniae, CpendoIV is the exclusive AP endonuclease IV, exhibiting DNA replication error-proofreading capabilities, making it a promising target for anti-chlamydial drug development. Predicting the structure of CpendoIV, molecular docking with DNA was performed, analyzing complex binding sites and protein surface electrostatic potential. Comparative structural studies were conducted with E. coli EndoIV and DNA complex containing AP sites.CpendoIV was cloned, expressed in E. coli, and purified via Ni-NTA chelation and size-exclusion chromatography. Low NaCl concentrations induced aggregation during purification, while high concentrations enhanced purity.CpendoIV recognizes and cleaving AP sites on dsDNA, and Zn2+ influences the activity. Crystallization was achieved under 8% (v/v) Tacsimate pH 5.2, 25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350, and 1.91 Å resolution X-ray diffraction data was obtained at 100 K. This research is significant for provides a deeper understanding of CpendoIV involvement in the base excision repair process, offering insights into Chlamydia pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yangjie Ren
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ben Wang
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shiyang Guo
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jinglin Jin
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Science, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghuadong Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Moure Abelenda A. Isolation of ammonium bicarbonate by reactive distillation of food waste digestate liquor. Bioresour Technol 2024; 399:130592. [PMID: 38518878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Distillation is among the best techniques for management of ammoniacal nitrogen in anaerobic digestate; however, the suitability of the conventional system is neglected in favor of using more advanced setups. This investigation proves the reliability of the classical batch distillation apparatus for high throughput separation of solid crystals of ammonium bicarbonate from food waste digestate (FWD) liquor. Three replicates were carried out: 80 g of FWD liquor with a content of 50 g/L NH4HCO3 was processed for 7.5 h under minimum heating power (<60 °C) and 200 rpm to avoid excessive foam formation. After performing the reactive distillation, 81 % of NH4HCO3 was recovered as white solid crystals at the top of the distillation still. Although the distillation provided a solid material with the same structure and composition as those of the reagent-grade NH4HCO3, the stability of the isolated inorganic fertilizer was poorer, and it could lead to pollution swapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Moure Abelenda
- School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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8
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Oh J, Park SB, Cha C, Hwang DK, Park SA, Park J, Oh DX, Jeon H, Koo JM. Structural evaluation of Poly(lactic acid) degradation at standardized composting temperature of 58 degrees. Chemosphere 2024; 354:141729. [PMID: 38492680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of petroleum-based plastics on our planet is causing serious environmental pollution. Biodegradable plastics, promoted as eco-friendly solutions, hold the potential to address this issue. However, their impact on the environment and the mechanisms of their natural degradation remain inadequately understood. Furthermore, the specific conditions set forth in international standards for evaluating the biodegradability of biodegradable plastics have led to misconceptions about their real-world behavior. To properly elucidate the relationship between their degradability and structure, this study mimics the thermal effect on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) under standardized composting temperature. The higher the crystallinity of PLA, the lower the degradation rate, which suggests that crystallinity is a key factor in determining degradation. The composting temperature of 58 °C induces crystallization by having a structural effect on the polymer, which in turn reduces the degradation rate of PLA. Therefore, control over temperature and crystallization during the processing and degradation of PLA is crucial, as it not only determines the biodegradability but also enhances the utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-A Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Xie AJ, Li MH, Li ZW, Yue XQ. A preparation of debranched waxy maize starch derivatives: Effect of drying temperatures on crystallization and digestibility. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130684. [PMID: 38460647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The impact of recrystallization conditions and drying temperatures on the crystallization and digestibility of native waxy maize (Zea mays L.) starch (NWMS) was explored. This study involved subjecting NWMS to concurrent debranching and crystallization at 50 °C for up to 7 days. Samples were collected by oven-drying at 40, 60, and 80 °C for 24 h. This simultaneous debranching and crystallization process increased the resistant starch (RS) content by approximately 48 % compared to the native starch. The drying temperatures significantly influenced the RS content, with samples dried at 60 °C exhibiting the lowest digestibility. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that most crystals demonstrated a characteristic A-type arrangement. Debranching and crystallization processes enhanced the crystallinity of the samples. The specific crystal arrangement (A- or B-type) depended on the crystallization conditions. A 15 min heating of NWMS in a boiling water bath increased the digestible fraction to over 90 %, while the samples subjected to debranching and crystallization showed an increase to only about 45 %. A linear correlation between starch fractions and enthalpy was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Mo-Han Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Changzhou University, 213164, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xi-Qing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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10
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Anjum F, Wessner M, De Witte B, Al-Rifai N, Collas A, Sadowski G. Tailoring the use of excipients in bottom-up production of naproxen crystal suspensions via membrane technology. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123846. [PMID: 38272195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Long-acting crystal suspensions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) mostly comprised of an API, a suspension media (water) and excipients and provide sustained API release over time. Excipients are crucial for controlling particle size and to achieve the stability of the API crystals in suspension. A bottom-up process was designed to produce long-acting crystal suspensions whilst investigating the excipient requirements during the production process and the subsequent storage. PVP K30 emerged as the most effective excipient for generating stable naproxen crystals with the desired size of 1 to 15 μm, using ethanol as solvent and water as anti-solvent. Calculations, performed based on the crystal properties and assuming complete PVP K30 adsorption on the crystal surface, revealed lower PVP K30 requirements during storage compared to initial crystal generation. Consequently, a membrane-based diafiltration process was used to determine and fine-tune PVP K30 concentration in the suspension post-crystallization. A seven-stage diafiltration process removed 98 % of the PVP K30 present in the suspension thereby reducing the PVP-to-naproxen ratio from 1:2 to 1:39 without impacting the stability of naproxen crystals in suspension. This work provides insights into the excipient requirements at various production stages and introduce the membrane-based diafiltration for precise excipient control after crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Anjum
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Wessner
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Bruno De Witte
- Therapeutics Development & Supply, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Noor Al-Rifai
- Therapeutics Development & Supply, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Alain Collas
- Therapeutics Development & Supply, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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11
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Henry S, Carroll M, Murphy KN, Leys L, Markl D, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C. Semi-crystalline materials for pharmaceutical fused filament fabrication: Dissolution and porosity. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123816. [PMID: 38246479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of crystallization kinetics and the effect on drug product quality characteristics is needed to exploit the use of semi-crystalline polymers in pharmaceutical fused filament fabrication. Filaments were prepared from polycaprolactone or polyethylene oxide loaded with a crystallization inhibitor or inducer, which was either 10% (w/w) ibuprofen or theophylline. A design-of-experiments approach was conducted to investigate the effect of nozzle temperature, bed temperature and print speed on the printed tablets' microstructure and dissolution kinetics. Helium pycnometry derived porosity proved an ideal technique to capture significant distortions in the tablets' microstructure. On the other hand, terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) analysis proved valuable to investigate additional enclosed pores of the tablets' microstructure. The surface roughness was analyzed using optical coherence tomography, showing the importance of extensional viscosity for printed drug products. Drug release occurred via erosion for tablets consisting of polyethylene oxide, which partly reduced the effect of the inner microstructure on the drug release kinetics. An initial burst release effect was noted for polycaprolactone tablets, after which drug release continued via diffusion. Both the pore and crystalline microstructure were deemed essential to steer drug release. In conclusion, this research provided guidelines for material and process choice when a specific microstructure has to be constructed from semi-crystalline materials. In addition, non-destructive tests for the characterization of printed products were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Carroll
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - K N Murphy
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Leys
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Markl
- Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Zhang W, Bei K, Jin Z, Zhao M, Wu S, Jiang S, Jin H, Zheng X. Subtle magnesium liberation of self-fabricated functional filler actuates highly efficient phosphorus removal from source-separated urine by SBBR. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32727-x. [PMID: 38443536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Domestic wastewater source-separated treatment has attracted wide attention due to the efficiency improvement of sewage treatment systems, energy saving, resource reuse, and the construction and operation cost saving of pipeline networks. Nonetheless, the excess source-separated urine still demands further harmless treatment. Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), a new type of composite biofilm reactor developed by filling different fillers into the sequential batch reactor (SBR) reactor, has higher pollutant removal performance and simpler operation and maintenance. However, the phosphorus removal ability of the SBBR filling with conventional fillers is still limited and needs further improvement. In this study, we developed two new fillers, the self-fabricated filler A and B (SFA/SFB), and compared their source-separated urine treatment performance. Long-term treatment experimental results demonstrated that the SBBR systems with different fillers had good removal performance on the COD and TN in the influent, and the removal rate increased with the increasing HRT. However, only the SBBR system with the SFA showed excellent PO43--P and TP removal performance, with the removal rates being 83.7 ± 11.9% and 77.3 ± 13.7% when the HRT was 1 d. Microbial community analysis results indicated that no special bacteria with strong phosphorus removal ability were present on the surface of the SFA. Adsorption experimental results suggested that the SFA had better adsorption performance for phosphorus than the SFB, but it could not always have stronger phosphorus adsorption and removal performance during long-term operation due to the adsorption saturation. Through a series of characterizations such as SEM, XRD, and BET, it was found that the SFA had a looser structure due to the use of different binder and production processes, and the magnesium in the SFA gradually released and reacted with PO43- and NH4+ in the source-separated urine to form dittmarite and struvite, thus achieving efficient phosphorus removal. This study provides a feasible manner for the efficient treatment of source-separated urine using the SBBR system with self-fabricated fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ke Bei
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhan Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Suqing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shunfeng Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huachang Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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13
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Wang L, Lu J, Zhang P, Su J, Han J. Toward exclusive stereocomplex crystallization of high-molecular-weight poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) blends with outstanding heat resistance via incorporating selective nucleating agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129976. [PMID: 38331074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In high molecular weight poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) (HMW PLLA/PDLA) blends, the construction of exclusive stereocomplex crystals (SC) with high crystallinity and strong melt memory remains a great challenge. In the present study, various norbornene dicarboxylate complexes (TMXNa, Mg, Al, or Ca) were employed as the stereo-selective nucleating agents (NAs), and their effect on the crystallization characteristics, rheological behavior, and heat resistance of PLLA/PDLA blends were thoroughly studied. Strikingly, TMX-Al facilitated the construction of exclusive SC with over 50 % crystallinity and excellent melt memory. The dense SC crystals network structure boosted the heat resistance of L/D-xAl blends with a VST as high as 145 °C. The strengthened intermolecular interaction fostered the generation of pre-ordered structure in the melt and enhanced chain interdiffusion, which contributed to intermolecular nucleation and SC crystallization in L/D-xAl blend. This study opens up a new avenue for melt processing and application development of SC-PLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunhe Wang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Su
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Han
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Li W, Cao J, Fu L, Liu F, Huang Y, He Y, Jiang L, Dan Y. Effect of stereo-complexation on crystallization behavior and barrier properties of poly-lactide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129834. [PMID: 38302029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The unique stere-complex crystal formed by poly(ʟ-lactide)/poly(ᴅ-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) has a significant impact on properties of poly-lactide materials and is considered an effective means to improve the barrier properties of poly-lactide (PLA). In this work, poly-lactide films with different aggregate structures were prepared and the relationship of aggregate structure and barrier properties were explored. The results show that the crystal structure including crystallinity and crystal forms can be controlled by adjusting the isothermal crystallization time and crystallization temperature during the molding process. PLLA/PDLA composite films contain both homochiral crystallites and stereo-complex crystallites, and there is a synergistic crystallization effect between the two of them, which provides the composite films with high crystallinity and excellent barrier properties. Compared to the PLLA with homochiral crystallites, the PLLA/PDLA composite film with only stereo-complex crystallites exhibits higher barrier properties. The linear correlation between the crystallinity and the barrier properties is weak due to the changes in crystallization behavior and then the structure of poly-lactide caused by stereo-complexation. The linear correlation between the crystallinity and the barrier properties of the blend film is strong in the low crystallinity but weak at high crystallinity. Compared to homochiral crystallites, stereo-complex crystallites exhibits lower crystallinity dependence. It has been proven that different crystal forms have different design ideas for preparing high-barrier films, but the stereo-complexation resulting from the intermolecular forces between PLLA and PDLA having complementary chemical structure, is an effective method for enhancing the barrier performances of poly-lactide sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jilong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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15
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Thangavelu RM, Luis da Silva W. Innovative stain-free technique for high-resolution imaging of virus particles via standard transmission electron microscopy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26172. [PMID: 38390116 PMCID: PMC10882026 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This research presents a groundbreaking approach in virus-related research, addressing challenges in electron microscopy (EM). This imaging technique has been crucial in exploring virus structures; however, traditional methods involve complex sample preparations and the risk of contamination. Herein, we introduce an approach that overcomes these obstacles, enabling high-resolution virus imaging without toxic staining procedures. Focusing on Begomovirus particles, an economically significant plant virus genus, our images confirm their non-enveloped structure and their twin icosahedral symmetry. Our methods involve sample collection, purification, and crystallization, followed by transmission electron microscopy - selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED) analysis. Notably, this study achieves 2D and 3D virus imaging through standard TEM, providing a new avenue for virus structure analysis and advancing virus-related research. Remarkable high image quality stemmed from the crystallization process, offering exciting possibilities for improving virus research and diagnosis while eliminating staining limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Washington Luis da Silva
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
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16
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Barbosa N, Urquidi O, Brazard J, Adachi TBM. In situ/In vivo Optical Microspectroscopy to Probe the Emergence of Morphology. Chimia (Aarau) 2024; 78:50-58. [PMID: 38430064 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2024.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphology governs function. Yet, understanding and controlling the emergence of morphology at the molecular level remains challenging. The difficulty in studying the early stage of morphology formation is due to its stochastic nature both spatially and temporally occurring at the nanoscale. This nature has been particularly detrimental for the application of optical spectroscopy. To overcome this problem, we have been developing new in situ/in vivo optical spectroscopy tools, which are label-free and non-invasive. This account highlights several examples of how optical spectroscopy can become an important tool in studying the birth of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Urquidi
- Dept. Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1204 Geneva
| | - Johanna Brazard
- Dept. Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1204 Geneva
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17
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Yang M, Mo K, Zhu X, Liu Y, Yan N, Wang Z. Controlling Nucleation and Crystallization of CsPbI 3 Perovskites for Efficient Inverted Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2310749. [PMID: 38308118 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The unfavorable morphology and high crystallization temperature (Tc ) of inorganic perovskites pose a significant challenge to their widespread application in photovoltaics. In this study, an effective approach is proposed to enhance the morphology of cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3 ) while lowering its Tc . By introducing dimethylammonium acetate into the perovskite precursor solution, a rapid nucleation stage is facilitated, and significantly enhances the crystal growth of the intermediate phase at low annealing temperatures, followed by a slow crystal growth stage at higher annealing temperatures. This results in a uniform and dense morphology in CsPbI3 perovskite films with enhanced crystallinity, simultaneously reducing the Tc from 200 to 150 °C. Applying this approach in positive-intrinsic-negative (p-i-n) inverted cells yields a high power conversion efficiency of 19.23%. Importantly, these cells exhibit significantly enhanced stability, even under stress at 85 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Kangwei Mo
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ning Yan
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
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18
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Schenck L, Risteen B, Johnson LM, Koynov A, Bonaga L, Orr R, Hancock B. A Commentary on Co-Processed API as a Promising Approach to Improve Sustainability for the Pharmaceutical Industry. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:306-313. [PMID: 38065243 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products represent a meaningful target for sustainability improvement and emissions reduction. It is proposed here that rethinking the standard, and often linear, approach to the synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and subsequent formulation and drug product processing will deliver transformational sustainability opportunities. The greatest potential arguably involves API that have challenging physico-chemical properties. These can require the addition of excipients that can significantly exceed the weight of the API in the final dosage unit, require multiple manufacturing steps to achieve materials amenable to delivering final dosage units, and need highly protective packaging for final product stability. Co-processed API are defined as materials generated via addition of non-covalently bonded, non-active components during drug substance manufacturing steps, differing from salts, solvates and co-crystals. They are an impactful example of provocative re-thinking of historical regulatory and quality precedents, blurring drug substance and drug product operations, with sustainability opportunities. Successful examples utilizing co-processed API can modify properties with use of less excipient, while simultaneously reducing processing requirements by delivering material amenable to continuous manufacturing. There are also opportunities for co-processed API to reduce the need for highly protective packaging. This commentary will detail the array of sustainability impacts that can be delivered, inclusive of business, regulatory, and quality considerations, with discussion on potential routes to more comprehensively commercialize co-processed API technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Oral Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
| | - Bailey Risteen
- Pharma Solutions, BASF Corporation, Florham Park, New Jersey 07932, United States
| | | | - Athanas Koynov
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Llorente Bonaga
- CMC Pharmaceutical Development and New Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert Orr
- CMC Pharmaceutical Development and New Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bruno Hancock
- Drug Product Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton CT 06340, United States
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19
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Simone E, Rappolt M, Ewens H, Rutherford T, Marty Terrade S, Giuffrida F, Marmet C. A synchrotron X-ray scattering study of the crystallization behavior of mixtures of confectionary triacylglycerides: Effect of chemical composition and shear on polymorphism and kinetics. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113864. [PMID: 38225135 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) are mixtures of triglycerides from multiple sources (e.g., sunflower oil, mango kernel and sal), which resemble cocoa butter (CB) in both physical and chemical properties. Despite being widely used to replace CB in chocolate products, the crystallization behavior of many CBEs is still poorly understood. The aim of this work was to develop a fundamental understanding, at the molecular level, of the crystallization behavior of selected CBEs, and compare it with that of CB. Chromatography was used to determine the composition of CBEs, in terms of fatty acids and triacylglycerides (TAGs), while their thermodynamic behavior and crystallization kinetics were studied using polarized microscopy, differential calorimetry and three different synchrotron X-ray scattering setups. CBEs of different origin and chemical composition (e.g., different ratios of the main CB TAGs, namely POP, SOS and POS) crystallized in different polymorphs and with different kinetics of nucleation, growth and polymorphic transformation. SOS rich CBEs presented showed more polymorphs than CB and POP rich samples; whereas, CBEs with high concentration of POP showed slow kinetic of polymorphic transformation towards the stable β(3L) form. Additionally, it was observed that the presence of small amounts (<1% w/w) of specific TAGs, such as OOO, PPP or SSS, could significantly affect the crystallization behavior of CBEs and CBs in terms of kinetics of polymorphic transformation and number of phases detected (multiple high melting β(2L) polymorphs were identified in all samples studied). Finally, it was found that, regardless of the CBE composition, the presence of shear could promote the formation of stable β polymorphs over metastable β' and γ forms, and reduced the size of the crystal agglomerates formed due to increased secondary nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Simone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy; School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Rappolt
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Ewens
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Rutherford
- Nestlé Product Technology Centre Confectionery, Haxby Road, York, YO31 8TA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cynthia Marmet
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne 26, 1000, Switzerland
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20
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Yuan L, Deng S, Wang Y, Xiu H, Zhang Q, Bai H. Remarkably enhanced stereocomplex crystallization of high-molar-mass enantiomeric polylactide blends by adding double-grafted copolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128919. [PMID: 38134994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Stereocomplex (SC) crystallization can prominently improve the physico-chemical properties of poly(l-lactide)/poly(d-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends, yielding a novel polylactide (PLA) material. However, the predominant formation of SC crystals in the melt-processing of high-molar-mass (high-MW, >100 kg/mol) enantiomeric PLA blends remains a huge challenge due to the competition between SC crystallization and homocrystallization. Herein, double-grafted copolymer having both PLLA and PDLA side chain has been designed and synthesized as an efficient crystallization promoter for the harvest of SC crystals in the high-MW PLLA/PDLA blends. The results show that, with the addition of such a copolymer, the blends can preferentially crystallize into SC crystals in both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. Promisingly, the SC crystals can be exclusively formed by adding only small amounts (e.g., 0.5 wt%) of the copolymer, without the formation of any homocrystals. This interesting observation can be interpreted by the crucial role of the unique copolymer in suppressing the phase separation of the opposite PLA enantiomers upon melting as an efficient compatibilizer and then encouraging the generation of alternatingly arranged PLLA/PDLA chain clusters favored for SC nucleation and crystal growth. These findings provide new inspiration for the development of high-performance PLA with desirable SC crystallizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Yuan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Shihao Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hao Xiu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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21
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Yan L, Lu G, Abdalkarim SYH, Wang L, Chen Z, Lu W, Yu HY. Multiple noncovalent interactions tailored crystallization and performance reinforcement mechanisms of Biopolyester Composites with functional Cellulose Nanocrystals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128264. [PMID: 37984582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The slow crystallization and weak mechanical features of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) have become a severe industrial problem in food packaging. Inspired by principle of bionic structure, functional cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) modified with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can enhance the crystallization ability and mechanical properties of PBAT nanocomposites. Significantly, CNC-T (CNC modified by TDI) showed a stronger reinforced effect on PBAT properties than unmodified CNCs and CNC-H (CNC modified by HMDI) nanofillers due to hydrogen bonds, π-π interaction between PBAT matrix and CNC-T nanofillers with benzene ring structure. Thus, compared with pure PBAT, PBAT/5CNC-T composites displayed an enhancement of 34.5 % on the tensile strength and exhibited the most robust nucleation ability on PBAT crystallization than CNC and CNC-H. Meanwhile, the possible nucleation, crystallization, and performance reinforcement mechanisms of PBAT nanocomposites have been presented, which is very beneficial for designing robust PBAT nanocomposites with functional cellulose nanocrystals for potential green packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Gaojun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Somia Yassin Hussain Abdalkarim
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lunhe Wang
- Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Taizhou Bay New Area 188, Taizhou 318099, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Taizhou Bay New Area 188, Taizhou 318099, China
| | - Weidong Lu
- Hangzhou Xin Guang Plastics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hou-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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22
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Zhang M, He L, Wang Y, Li C, Jin Y, Jin G, Tang X. Excessive free radical grafting interferes with the macromolecular association and crystallization of brined porcine myofibrils during heat-set gelatinization. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113709. [PMID: 38129033 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Free radical grafting and oxidative modification show superiority in myofibrillar protein (MP) aggregation patterns during salting process, but their consequent formation mechanisms of protein hydration network require further evaluation. Herein, we explored the effect of salt-curing (0, 1, 3 and 5 %) on MP protein polymer substrate, water-protein interaction, crystallization events and thermal stability under H2O2/ascorbate-based hydroxyl radical (•OH)-generating system (HRGS) (1, 10, 20 mM H2O2). Results showed that moderate salting (≤3%) favored the water binding of MP gels during the oxidation course. Accordingly, the maximum thermal stability (Tm) of MP gels was obtained at 3 % salting could be greatly attributed to the protein chain solubilization and refolding process. However, 5 % salt synergized with •OH oxidation intensified diffraction peak 2 (the most striking diffraction feature). Microstructural analysis validated a maximum compactness of MP gel following brining with 5 % salt at potent oxidation strength (20 mM H2O2). This study maybe promises efficient strategy to the myogenetic fibril products and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lichao He
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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23
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Tyagi S, Yadav RK, Krishnan V. Determination of the Crystal Structure of the Cell Wall-Anchored Proteins and Pilins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2727:159-191. [PMID: 37815717 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3491-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface proteins and pili (or pilus) anchored on the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall play a vital role in adhesion, colonization, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation. The pilus consists of building blocks called pilins or pilus subunits. The surface proteins and pilins share some common sequences and structural features. They contain an N-terminal signal sequence and the C-terminal cell wall sorting region, enabling their transportation across the membrane and covalent attachment to the bacterial cell wall, respectively. The transpeptidase enzymes called sortases facilitate the covalent links between the pilins during the pilus assembly and between surface proteins or basal subunits of pili and peptidoglycan-bridge during the cell wall anchoring. Thus, elucidating three-dimensional structures for the surface proteins and pilins at the atomic level is essential for understanding the mechanism of adhesion, pilus assembly, and host interaction. This chapter aims to provide a general protocol for crystal structure determination of surface proteins and pilins anchored on the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall and substrates for sortases. The protocol involves the production of recombinant protein, crystallization, and structure determination by X-ray crystallography technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Tyagi
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rajnesh Kumari Yadav
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
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24
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Cholakova D, Denkov N. Polymorphic phase transitions in triglycerides and their mixtures studied by SAXS/WAXS techniques: In bulk and in emulsions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103071. [PMID: 38157769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) exhibit a monotropic polymorphism, forming three main polymorphic forms upon crystallization: α, β' and β. The distinct physicochemical properties of these polymorphs, such as melting temperature, subcell lattice structure, mass density, etc., significantly impact the appearance, texture, and long-term stability of a wide range products in the food and cosmetics industries. Additionally, TAGs are also of special interest in the field of controlled drug delivery and sustained release in pharmaceuticals, being a key material in the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles. The present article outlines our current understanding of TAG phase behavior in both bulk and emulsified systems. While our primary focus are investigations involving monoacid TAGs and their mixtures, we also include illustrative examples with natural TAG oils, highlighting the knowledge transfer from simple to intricate systems. Special attention is given to recent discoveries via X-ray scattering techniques. The main factors influencing TAG polymorphism are discussed, revealing that a higher occurrence of structural defects in the TAG structure always accelerates the rate of the α → β polymorphic transformation. Diverse approaches can be employed based on the specific system: incorporating foreign molecules or solid particles into bulk TAGs, reducing drop size in dispersed systems, or using surfactants that remain fluid during TAG particle crystallization, ensuring the necessary molecular mobility for the polymorphic transformation. Furthermore, we showcase the role of TAG polymorphism on a recently discovered phenomenon: the creation of nanoparticles as small as 20 nm from initial coarse emulsions without any mechanical energy input. This analysis underscores how the broader understanding of the TAG polymorphism can be effectively applied to comprehend and control previously unexplored processes of notable practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cholakova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolai Denkov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Avenue, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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25
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Yang Z, Shi L, Wang H, Xiong J, Xu X, Sun L, Jiang J, Zhuang Q, Chen Y, Ju Z. Crystallization-induced thickness tuning of carbon nanosheets for fast potassium storage. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:30-38. [PMID: 37708729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanosheets (CNS) have garnered significant interest as anode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) due to the excellent potassium storage kinetics and rate performance. Moreover, tuning the thickness of CNS can enhance the potassium storage performance by exposing abundant surface active sites and shortening the K+ migration path. Herein, crystallization-induced thickness tuning of carbon nanosheets in polyvinyl pyrrolidone-potassium chloride (PVP-KCl) solution is reported to enhance the fast potassium storage. PVP with varying molecular weights is employed to induce the crystallization behavior of KCl, leading to the formation of KCl grains with controllable sizes. Concurrently, these KCl grains act as hard templates for dispersing the PVP molecules to fabricate carbon nanosheets on the surface during annealing. PVP with high molecular weight is beneficial for hindering ion migration to reduce crystal sizes, which can decrease the thickness of carbon nanosheets. The ultrathin structure exposes abundant potassium storage sites, endowing CNS with high reversible capacity (359.0 mAh/g at 100 mA/g). The reduction in the migration path of K+ ions facilitate rapid ion and electron transport kinetics, resulting in rate performance with a capacity of 181.9 mAh/g at 1 A/g. Our work extends the application of the crystallization-induced strategy for controllable designing carbon nanosheets, and puts forward some conceptions on improving the potassium storage performance of carbon anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Liluo Shi
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Jianzhen Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Xuena Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Limei Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Jiangmin Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Quanchao Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China.
| | - Zhicheng Ju
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, PR China
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26
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Chang WW, Niu J, Peng H, Rong W. Preferential formation of stereocomplex crystals in poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) blends by a fullerene nucleator. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127230. [PMID: 37797850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective formation of stereocomplex (sc) crystallization in enantiomeric poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(D-lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is considered as one of the most effective and promising way to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactide (PLA) materials. However, homocrystallization (hc) prevails over sc crystallization in high-molecular-weight (HMW) PLLA/PDLA blends. Herein, we propose a simple and straightforward approach for fabricating sc crystallization and suppress hc crystallization for HMW PLLA/PDLA blends through the addition of C70 as a nucleator. Non-isothermal crystallization and wide-angel X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that, the incorporation of 1 wt% C70 overwhelmingly leads to the formation of sc crystallites, while preventing the formation of hc crystallites. Isothermal crystallization experiments at 140 °C reveal a significant reduction in the half-crystallization period of the PLLA/PDLA blend upon the addition of C70. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy suggests that, the improved intermolecular interactions between PLLA and PDLA chains, as well as the inhibition of molecular chain diffusion and mobility, contribute to the accelerated formation of sc facilitated by C70. The enhanced sc crystallization results in a 15.5 °C higher thermal stability in the as-prepared PLLA/PDLA blend with 1 wt% C70 compared to the neat counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Chang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China.
| | - Jinye Niu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Weifeng Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
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27
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Chen X, Li X, Qiao Z, Xiu H, Bai H. Using an aromatic amide as nucleating agent to enhance the crystallization and dimensional stability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanate). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127632. [PMID: 37884241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) has emerged as a promising biodegradable polymer with a great potential to compete with traditional petroleum-based plastics, however, the poor crystallization ability makes it challenge to transform into high-performance products via common melt-processing methods. Herein, we demonstrate that N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxamide (TMB) can serve as an efficient nucleating agent to significantly enhance the crystallization and resulting storage stability of PHBHHx. The results indicate that PHBHHx with small amounts of TMB (0.3-0.5 wt%) can crystallize completely even under a rapid cooling rate of 100 °C/min and the isothermal crystallization time is greatly reduced. As a result, the crystallinity of the injection-molded PHBHHx products is increased from 24.5 % to 39.5 %, without secondary crystallization after being stored at room temperature for 6 h. The products exhibit superior dimensional stability and the post-shrinkage can be decreased to as low as 0.1 %. Our work offers a feasible method to develop high-performance PHBHHx materials with remarkably enhanced crystallization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry, (Co., Ltd.), Taiyuan 030000, PR China
| | - Zeshuang Qiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hao Xiu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hongwei Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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28
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Li X, Zhao C, Li Y, Bao H, Fan L, Lang J, Wei M, Liu H, Yang J, Yang L, Wang F. Managing intermediate phase transition of perovskite film with gearbox-like molecule for efficient and stable solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:2108-2115. [PMID: 37699329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The smooth and dense light-absorbing layer is an essential factor in polycrystalline solar cells to achieve high photovoltaic performance, while it remains challenging in perovskite solar cells because of the difficulty balancing the speed of crystal nucleation and growth in a solution way. Here, we explored a perovskite nucleation/growth compatible model via manipulating the intermediate complex induced by n-hexylamine (NHA) molecule, guiding us to adjustments perovskite nucleation and growth process. We found that the NHA can act as a gearbox-like molecule to sequentially reduce the perovskite nucleation barrier, promote the nucleation velocity, and retard the perovskite growth simultaneously to obtain uniform perovskite films; correspondingly, this modulation also yields the buried interface with fewer voids and low defects density. In addition, the hydrophobic NHA with long alkyl chain improves the moisture tolerance of the perovskite. The treated solar cell power conversion efficiency was 21.91 %. Importantly, in ∼ 70 % humidity at 25 °C for 30 days, the efficiency of the device declined less than 5 %, exhibiting a good stability performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yutao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Han Bao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jihui Lang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China.
| | - Maobin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Huilian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jinghai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Fengyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China.
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29
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Zhang D, Jin Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Xiao F, Wang Y, Wang D, Xu D, Wang F, Jia Y. The fate of arsenic during the crystallization process of Fe III oxyhydroxides: Effect of reaction media, pH value, and Fe/As molar ratio under relatively low arsenic loading. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:167427. [PMID: 37774868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of arsenic (As) adsorbed on FeIII oxyhydroxides, and the subsequent behavior of As during the crystallization process, is critical to predicting its fate in a range of natural and engineered settings. In this work, As adsorbed on FeIII oxyhydroxides formed in the different reaction media at different pH values were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) to determine how As is redistributed during the crystallization process. Results showed that at pH 12, a quarter of the added As was still left in the liquid phase with the formation of goethite and hematite as the major and minor product. The concentration of As was found to be the lowest at pH 4 which is independent of the reaction media, indicating the importance of pH value in the crystallization process of the As adsorbed FeIII oxyhydroxides. Under acidic conditions, sulfate and chloride media favored the formation of goethite and hematite, respectively. Arsenic can indeed be incorporated into the structure of the formed goethite at pH 4. The morphology of the formed products changed to rhombus-like particles if both goethite and hematite appeared as the later as the dominant product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; College of Energy and Power, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Fan Xiao
- Shanxi Academy of Ecological Environmental Planning and Technology, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, NingXia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Institute of Metrology, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dake Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fuhui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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30
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Wu S, Chen Y, Tang J, Li X, Liu M, Chen Z, Zhang P, Li S. Passivating SnO 2/perovskite interface via guanide hydrochloride toward efficient and stable n-i-p perovskite solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:612-618. [PMID: 37482488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiation recombination of interfacial carriers is a key factor hindering the improvement of efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report an effective electron transport layer/perovskite interface regulation strategy. By introducing the multifunctional molecule guanidine hydrochloride (GCl) on the surface of SnO2, we can enhance the electron extraction between SnO2 and perovskite and promote the growth of high-quality perovskite films. GCl is anchored on the surface of SnO2 and interacts with undercoordinated ions in perovskite. The experimental results show that GCl has interaction with both SnO2 and perovskite layer, and a "bridge" connection is formed between the two layers. This strategy not only passivates the SnO2/perovskite interface defects, improves the perovskite crystallization quality, but also helps to reduce the interface charge accumulation. More importantly, the PCE of GCl passivated device reached 21.63 %, which was much better than that of control device (19.56 %). In the air environment, after 30 days at room temperature, the GCl modified unpackaged device maintained 83 % of its initial efficiency. Therefore, interface modification with GCl is an effective strategy to improve the interface state, improve the crystallization quality and obtain high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jianyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meiyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Putao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Shengjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
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31
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Xu F, Dai L, Qu K, Cao H, Xia Y, Li S, Huang K, Xu Z. Crystallizing Self-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Ultrafast Proton Transport in Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313571. [PMID: 37885408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) display great potential to be assembled into proton conductive membranes for their uniform and controllable pore structure, yet constructing self-standing COF membrane with high crystallinity to fully exploit their ordered crystalline channels for efficient ionic conduction remains a great challenge. Here, a macromolecular-mediated crystallization strategy is designed to manipulate the crystallization of self-standing COF membrane, where the -SO3 H groups in introduced sulfonated macromolecule chains function as the sites to interact with the precursors of COF and thus offer long-range ordered template for membrane crystallization. The optimized self-standing COF membrane composed of highly-ordered nanopores exhibits high proton conductivity (75 mS cm-1 at 100 % relative humidity and 20 °C) and excellent flow battery performance, outperforming Nafion 212 and reported membranes. Meanwhile, the long-term run of membrane is achieved with the help of the anchoring effect of flexible macromolecule chains. Our work provides inspiration to design self-standing COF membranes with ordered channels for permselective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | | | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Liheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Siyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No.130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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32
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Vardhan H, Sasamal S, Mohanty K. Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis from Areca Nut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysate and Crystallization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7298-7321. [PMID: 36995656 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses are extensively used by researchers to produce a variety of renewable bioproducts. This research described an environment-friendly technique of xylitol production by an adapted strain of Candida tropicalis from areca nut hemicellulosic hydrolysate, produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. To enhance the activity of xylanase enzymes, lime and acid pretreatment was conducted to make biomass more amenable for saccharification. To improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, saccharification parameters like xylanase enzyme loading were varied. Results exposed that the highest yield (g/g) of reducing sugar, about 90%, 83%, and 15%, were achieved for acid-treated husk (ATH), lime-treated husk (LTH), and raw husk (RH) at an enzyme loading of 15.0 IU/g. Hydrolysis was conducted at a substrate loading of 2% (w/V) at 30 °C, 100 rpm agitation, for 12 h hydrolysis time at pH 4.5 to 5.0. Subsequently, fermentation of xylose-rich hemicellulose hydrolysate was conducted with pentose utilizing the yeast Candida tropicalis to produce xylitol. The optimum concentration of xylitol was obtained at about 2.47 g/L, 3.83 g/L, and 5.88 g/L, with yields of approximately 71.02%, 76.78%, and 79.68% for raw fermentative hydrolysate (RFH), acid-treated fermentative hydrolysate (ATFH), and lime-treated fermentative gydrolysate (LTFH), respectively. Purification and crystallization were also conducted to separate xylitol crystals, followed by characterization like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results obtained from crystallization were auspicious, and about 85% pure xylitol crystal was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Soumya Sasamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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Qiu B, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Fan S. Water and salt recovery from shale gas produced water by vacuum membrane distillation followed by crystallization. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119094. [PMID: 37776792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) followed by crystallization (VMD-C) was developed for the recovery of water and salts from shale gas produced water (SGPW). Before VMD, the pretreatment of SGPW with Fenton oxidation-flocculation is applied, with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration reduction of 75% and the total removal of the total suspended solids (TSS), Ca2+, and Mg2+ in SGPW. The pretreatment of SGPW mitigated the membrane fouling in the VMD and effectively prevented the reduction of membrane flux over time. The average flux of the PTFE membrane reached 12.1 kg m-2 h-1 during the separation of the pretreated SGPW at a feed flux of 40 L h-1 and a feed temperature of 40 °C. The rejection rate of the membrane to TDS in SGPW was over 99%. Fresh water with a conductivity of below 20 μs cm-1 was produced by VMD-C. The salts concentrated upstream of the membrane were recovered by a stirring crystallization process. The VMD-C system resulted in a 61% cost savings compared to conventional SGPW treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China.
| | - Yicai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyi Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Senqing Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China
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Cheng C, Zhao Z, Liu G. Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell Receptor Recognizing Protein/Peptide Antigens. Protein J 2023; 42:778-791. [PMID: 37620608 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells, especially Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, play an important role in mycobacterial infection. We have identified some Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that recognize protein/peptide antigens derived from mycobacteria, which may induce protective immune responses to mycobacterial infection. To clarify the structural basis of the molecular recognition mechanism, we tried many methods to express the Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell receptor (TCR). The Vγ9Vδ2 TCR was not expressed well in a prokaryotic expression system or a baculovirus expression system, even after extensive optimization. In a mammalian cell expression system, the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR was expressed in the form of a soluble heterodimer, which was suitable for crystal screening. Reduced-temperature cultivation (cold shock) increased the yield of the recombinant TCR. The recombinant purified TCR was used for crystal trials, and crystals that could be used for X-ray diffraction were obtained. Although we have not yet determined the crystal structure of the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR, we have established a procedure for Vγ9Vδ2 TCR expression and purification, which is useful for basic research and potentially for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Cheng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
- People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Luebbert C, Stoyanov E. Tailored ASD destabilization - Balancing shelf life stability and dissolution performance with hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100187. [PMID: 37396620 PMCID: PMC10314205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations are preferred enabling formulations for poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as they reliably enhance the dissolution behavior and solubility. Balancing a high stability against unwanted transformations such as crystallization and amorphous phase separation during storage on the one hand and optimizing the dissolution behavior of the formulation (high supersaturation and maintenance for long time) on the other hand are essential during formulation development. This study assessed the potential of ternary ASDs (one API and two polymers) containing the polymers hydroxypropyl cellulose together with poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP VA64) or hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate succinate to stabilize the amorphously embedded APIs fenofibrate and simvastatin during storage and to enhance the dissolution performance. Thermodynamic predictions using the PC-SAFT model revealed for each combination of polymers the optimal polymer ratio, maximum API load that is thermodynamically stable as well as miscibility of the two polymers. The stability predictions were validated by three months enduring stability tests, followed by a characterization of the dissolution behavior. The thermodynamically most stable ASDs were found to be the ASDs with deteriorated dissolution performance. Within the investigated polymer combinations, physical stability and dissolution performance opposed each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, Düsseldorf D-40212, Germany
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Akshata CR, Murugan E, Harichandran G. Alginate templated synthesis, characterization and in vitro osteogenic evaluation of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126478. [PMID: 37625758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the potential role of alginate (Alg) in the crystallization of metal-substituted hydroxyapatite, with application in orthopaedic reconstruction. The alginate at different concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 wt%) facilitated in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite (HA) and strontium-substituted HA (SHA, 10 and 30 mol%). The incorporation of the biopolymer and dopant induced notable changes in HA, including reduced crystal size from 31.0 to 16.4 nm and increased lattice volume from 577.3 to 598.0 Å3. The superior affinity of alginate for Sr2+ than for Ca2+ resulted in higher residual alginate in Alg/SHA (13.0 to 19.0 %) compared to Alg/HA (7.1 to 8.2 %). This residual alginate influenced composite properties: surface charge decreased from -26.5 to -45.7 mV, microhardness increased from 0.33 to 0.54 GPa, and dissolution increased from 0.17 to 0.39 %. The in vitro studies revealed that strontium substitution as well as the organization and crystallographic aspects of apatite regulated osteoblastic cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and biomineralization. The findings suggest that an alginate concentration of 0.5 wt% is optimal for the crystallization of SHA with 10 mol% substitution, and its resulting composite possesses the ideal biomechanical properties to imitate native bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Akshata
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - E Murugan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Harichandran
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kim H, Wang T, Gigax J, Zare A, Lucca DA, Hu Z, Li Y, Parker T, Shao L. Phase patterning of metallic glasses through superfast quenching of ion irradiation-induced thermal spikes. Nano Converg 2023; 10:54. [PMID: 37987926 PMCID: PMC10663422 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metallic glasses (MGs) convert to crystalline solids upon annealing at a high temperature. Such a phase change, however, does not occur with the local melting caused by damage cascades introduced by ion irradiation, although the resulting thermal spikes can reach temperatures > 1000 K. This is because the quenching rate of the local melting zone is several orders of magnitude higher than the critical cooling rate for MG formation. Thus the amorphous structure is sustained. This mechanism increases the highest temperature at which irradiated MG sustains amorphous phase. More interestingly, if an irradiated MG is pre-annealed to form a polycrystalline structure, ion irradiation can locally convert this crystalline phase to an amorphous phase if the grains are nanometers in size and comparable to the damage cascade volume size. Combining pre-annealing and site selective ion irradiation, patterned crystalline-amorphous heterogeneous structures have been fabricated. This finding opens new doors for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosim Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tianyao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jonathan Gigax
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Arezoo Zare
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Don A Lucca
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Zhihan Hu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yongchang Li
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Trevor Parker
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Yan YF, Liang XB, Feng YL, Shi LF, Chen RP, Guo JZ, Guan Y. Manipulation of crystallization nucleation and thermal degradation of PLA films by multi-morphologies CNC-ZnO nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121251. [PMID: 37659828 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the quest for more renewable and biodegradable materials is a scientific priority to address the problems of petroleum-based plastics are difficult to degrade. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) have been used as a template and four morphologies of CNC-ZnO nanocomposites were prepared via a hydrothermal method, and CNC-ZnO/polylactic acid (PLA) composite films were obtained by solution casting. We find that CNC-ZnO nanocomposites as heterogeneous nucleating agents improved the crystallinity and the film with flower-like CNC-ZnO was improved by 2.4 %. Ea required for thermal degradation of the PLA films decreased to 66-81 % of that of neat PLA, calculated by the Kissinger method, the Friedman method, and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method. The R2 model was the solid degradation mechanism of the PLA films, analyzed through the Coats-Redfern method and the Criado method. The H-bond content of the composite films was significantly reduced after thermal aging at 150 °C. We found that three-dimensional CNC-ZnO (ZnO-3) made more prominent contributions to the crystallization, thermal degradation, and thermal aging of PLA films than other dimensional. The thermal properties can be regulated by the dimension, size, and apparent morphology of CNC-ZnO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yan-Long Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lin-Fang Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Rui-Pin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Ying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Lu Y, de Oliveira Dal Piva AM, Tribst JPM, Feilzer AJ, Kleverlaan CJ. Does glaze firing affect the strength of advanced lithium disilicate after simulated defects? Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6429-6438. [PMID: 37726488 PMCID: PMC10630247 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of glazing on strength repair of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics after defect incorporation in different production processing phases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bar-shaped specimens (1 × 1 × 12 mm, n = 280; 20/group) made from different lithium disilicate ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, "LD" or advanced lithium disilicate CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona, "ALD") were exposed to 7 different protocols: crystallized without (c) and with glaze layer (cg), with a defect incorporated before crystallization without (ic) and with glaze layer (icg), with a defect after crystallization without (ci) or with glaze layer (cig), and defect incorporated after the glaze layer (cgi). The flexural strength was determined using the three-point bending test. Analysis of indented areas and fractured specimens was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Flexural strength data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey tests (α = 5%). RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant influence of ceramic (p < 0.001; F = 55.45), protocol (p < 0.001; F = 56.94), and the interaction protocol*ceramic (p < 0.001; F = 13.86). Regardless of ceramics, defect incorporation as final step resulted in the worst strength, while defects introduced before crystallization did not reduce strength. Glaze firing after defect incorporation led to strength repair for ALD, whereas such an effect was not evident for LD. CONCLUSIONS The advanced lithium disilicate must receive a glaze layer to achieve its highest strength. Defects incorporated in the pre-crystallized stage can be healed during crystallization. Defects should not be incorporated after glazing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical adjustments should be performed on pre-crystallized or crystalized restorations that receive a glazer layer afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A milestone in the field of recombinant binding molecules was achieved 30 years ago with the discovery of single-domain antibodies from which antigen-binding variable domains, better known as nanobodies (Nbs), can be derived. Being only one tenth the size of conventional antibodies, Nbs feature high affinity and specificity, while being highly stable and soluble. In addition, they display accessibility to cryptic sites, low off-target accumulation and deep tissue penetration. Efficient selection methods, such as (semi-)synthetic/naïve or immunized cDNA libraries and display technologies, have facilitated the isolation of Nbs against diverse targets, and their single-gene format enables easy functionalization and high-yield production. This Review highlights recent advances in Nb applications in various areas of biological research, including structural biology, proteomics and high-resolution and in vivo imaging. In addition, we provide insights into intracellular applications of Nbs, such as live-cell imaging, biosensors and targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree I Frecot
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Froehlich
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Handa U, Malik A, Guarve K, Rani N, Sharma P. Supersaturation Behavior: Investigation of Polymers Impact on Nucleation Kinetic Profile for Rationalizing the Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitors. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 21:CDD-EPUB-135679. [PMID: 37907490 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018261505231018100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nucleation kinetic data is quite important for the concept of supersaturation behavior, its part in rationalizing the crystallization inhibitor has not been well understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the nucleation kinetic profile of Dextromethorphan HBr (as an ideal drug, BCS-II) by measuring liquid-liquid phase segregation, nucleation induction time, and Metastable Zone width. METHODS Surfeit action was examined by a superfluity assay of the drug. The concentration was scrutinized by light scattering techniques (UV spectrum (novel method) and Fluorometer (CL 53)). RESULTS The drug induction time was 20 min without polymer and 90 and 110 min with polymers, such as HPMC K15M and Xanthan Gum, respectively. Therefore, the order of the polymer's ability to inhibit nucleation was Xanthan Gum > HPMC K15M in the medium (7.4 pH). Similarly, the drug induction time was 30 min without polymer and 20, 110, and 90 min with polymers, such as Sodium CMC, HPMC K15M, and Xanthan Gum, respectively. Therefore, the order of the polymer's ability to inhibit nucleation was HPMC K15M > Xanthan Gum > Sodium CMC in SIFsp (6.8 pH), which synchronizes the polymer's potentiality to interdict the drug precipitation. CONCLUSION The HPMC K15M and xanthan Gum showed the best crystallization inhibitor effect for the maintenance of superfluity conditions till the drug absorption time. The xanthan gum is based on the "glider" concept, and this shows the novelty of this preliminary research. The screening methodology used for rationalizing the best polymers used in the superfluity formulations development successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uditi Handa
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, MM (DU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Anuj Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, MM (DU), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Kumar Guarve
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Nidhi Rani
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Prerna Sharma
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
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Hsiao CT, Huang TH, Lacson CFZ, Vilando AC, Lu MC. Recovering struvite from livestock wastewater by fluidized-bed homogeneous crystallization as a pre-treatment process to sludge co-digestion. Environ Res 2023; 235:116639. [PMID: 37453510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Livestock wastewater can contain high levels of phosphates and trace amounts of various ionic species harming the environment and human health. These ions can be successfully removed from livestock effluent and recovered in a non-toxic crystal form via crystallization. The fluidized bed homogeneous crystallization (FBHC) technology is a cutting-edge pretreatment method that removes phosphate and ammonium by crystallizing struvite. The findings demonstrated a 37% removal for ammonium solutions alone, 38% with copper, 35% with zinc, and 33% when copper and zinc were present, while the crystallization efficiency was achieved at 35%, 33% with copper, 28% with zinc, and 26% with copper and zinc. For phosphate-containing solutions, 95% was removed, 81% with copper, 96% with zinc, and 88% with copper and zinc. Similarly, crystallization efficiency was attained at 87%, 60% with copper, 94% with zinc, and 81% when copper and zinc were combined with phosphates. For ammonium solutions, copper and zinc reduced the removal and crystallization efficiency at constant pH and increased at increasing pH. For phosphate solutions, the removal and crystallization efficiencies increased at increasing pH. However, zinc ions resulted in the highest removal, and crystallization efficiency for phosphate solutions was attained. Based on SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS analyses, the peaks revealed the presence of struvite in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Tsan-Huai Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Carl Francis Z Lacson
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, College of Engineering, National University, Manila, 1008, Philippines; Center for Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Anabella C Vilando
- Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology, Naga City, Camarines Sur, 4400, Philippines.
| | - Ming-Chun Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Wang R, Li Y, Zhang L. Beef tallow/lard blends in O/W emulsions: Characterization of fat crystals, partial coalescence, rheology, and aeration performance. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113140. [PMID: 37689905 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to find new strategies for enhancing the stability and texture properties of aerated emulsion by combining different animal fats with different ratios. Beef tallow (BT)/ lard (LA) were mixed at different ratios to prepare oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, with and without aeration. The compatibility, crystallization behavior, stability, and rheology in both O/W and aerated emulsion systems prepared with BT/LA binary blends were further investigated. Larger and inhomogeneous β' and β crystal mixtures appeared as the BT ratio increased. Monotectic or eutectic interaction was displayed according to different BT/LA ratios, solid fat content (SFC) and temperatures. O/W emulsion prepared with BT/LA binary showed higher apparent viscosity with larger fat globules distributed as the BT ratio increased. BT had higher SFC at any given temperature and the fat globule aggregation extent was higher. Partial coalescence occurred as the LA ratio increased when SFC < 35 %. Higher foam firmness of the aerated emulsion was achieved by BT/LA binary with higher BT ratios. As a result, combining BT and LA with different ratios achieved higher emulsion stability and foam properties. This study provides a novel insight into the application of different animal fats and the improvement of high-quality whippable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruican Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Liebing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Miyazaki T, Mizoguchi R, Ueda K, Shinozaki T, Kamoto M, Takeda Y, Sakuma S, Ito N, Momo M, Kawakami K. Crystallization of Amorphous Nifedipine Under Isothermal Conditions: Inter-laboratory Reproducibility and Investigation of the Factors Affecting Reproducibility. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2703-2716. [PMID: 37301322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High inter-laboratory reproducibility is required for conducting collaborative experiments among several laboratories. The primary aim of our evaluation of the physical stability of amorphous drugs, conducted in co-operation with eight laboratories, was to establish a protocol for isothermal storage tests to obtain data of the same quality from all the participating laboratories. Sharing a protocol that contained the same level of detail as the experimental section of general papers was insufficient for high inter-laboratory reproducibility. We investigated the causes of variations in the data from the various laboratories and restricted the protocol step-by-step to achieve high inter-laboratory reproducibility. The various experimentalists had very different levels of awareness regarding how to control the temperature of a sample as the samples were transferred into and out of thermostatic chambers. Specific instructions on how to conduct this operation, such as regarding the time required for the transfer and thermal protection of the container during the transfer, helped to reduce variation. Improved inter-laboratory reproducibility revealed that the physical stabilities of amorphous drugs differed when samples were prepared in differently shaped aluminum pans designed for various differential scanning calorimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Miyazaki
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Ryo Mizoguchi
- CMC Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taeko Shinozaki
- Research Group V, Analytical & Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-12-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-0014, Japan
| | - Mie Kamoto
- Analytical Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Function Unit, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takeda
- Core Technology Research Department, X-ray Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corp., 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakuma
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Kuise Terajima, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0813, Japan
| | - Naoya Ito
- Analytical Research & Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0022, Japan
| | - Michiko Momo
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraokahigashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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45
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Zhang X, Koirala R, Pramanik B, Fan L, Date A, Jegatheesan V. Challenges and advancements in membrane distillation crystallization for industrial applications. Environ Res 2023; 234:116577. [PMID: 37429399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation crystallization (MDC) is an emerging hybrid thermal membrane technology that synergizes membrane distillation (MD) and crystallization, which can achieve both freshwater and minerals recovery from high concentrated solutions. Due to the outstanding hydrophobic nature of the membranes, MDC has been widely used in numerous fields such as seawater desalination, valuable minerals recovery, industrial wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical applications, where the separation of dissolved solids is required. Despite the fact that MDC has shown great promise in producing both high-purity crystals and freshwater, most studies on MDC remain limited to laboratory scale, and industrializing MDC processes is currently impractical. This paper summarizes the current state of MDC research, focusing on the mechanisms of MDC, the controls for membrane distillation (MD), and the controls for crystallization. Additionally, this paper categorizes the obstacles hindering the industrialization of MDC into various aspects, including energy consumption, membrane wetting, flux reduction, crystal yield and purity, and crystallizer design. Furthermore, this study also indicates the direction for future development of the industrialization of MDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ravi Koirala
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Biplob Pramanik
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Linhua Fan
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Abhijit Date
- Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Gong H, Patino DU, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Peña-Alcántara AE, Zhu C, Coffey AH, Michalek L, Elabd A, Gao X, Chen S, Xu C, Yan H, Jiang Y, Wang W, Peng Y, Zeng Y, Lyu H, Moon H, Bao Z. Tunable 1D and 2D Polyacrylonitrile Nanosheet Superstructures. ACS Nano 2023; 17:18392-18401. [PMID: 37668312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon superstructures are widely applied in energy and environment-related areas. Among them, the flower-like polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived carbon materials have shown great promise due to their high surface area, large pore volume, and improved mass transport. In this work, we report a versatile and straightforward method for synthesizing one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured fibers and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured thin films based on flower-like PAN chemistry by taking advantage of the nucleation and growth behavior of PAN. The resulting nanofibers and thin films exhibited distinct morphologies with intersecting PAN nanosheets, which formed through rapid nucleation on existing PAN. We further constructed a variety of hierarchical PAN superstructures based on different templates, solvents, and concentrations. These PAN nanosheet superstructures can be readily converted to carbon superstructures. As a demonstration, the nanostructured thin film exhibited a contact angle of ∼180° after surface modification with fluoroalkyl monolayers, which is attributed to high surface roughness enabled by the nanosheet assemblies. This study offers a strategy for the synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Diego Uruchurtu Patino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aidan H Coffey
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ahmed Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shucheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yucan Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hanul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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47
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Nagamatsu D, Ando S, Fujimura Y, Miyano T, Sugita K, Ueda H. Formation of Hemihydrate Crystal form Overcomes Milling Issue Induced by Exposed Functional Groups on Cleavage Plane for a Y5 Receptor Antagonist of Neuropeptide Y. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2516-2523. [PMID: 37100203 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the crystal forms of an originally designed Y5 receptor antagonist of neuropeptide Y. Polymorphic screening was performed via solvent evaporation and slurry conversion using various solvents. The obtained crystal forms α, β, and γ were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Thermal analysis determined that forms α, β, and γ were hemihydrate, metastable and stable forms, respectively; the hemihydrate and the stable forms were candidates. To arrange the particle size, forms α and γ were subjected to jet milling. However, form γ could not be milled because of powder stiction to the apparatus, whereas form α could be. To investigate this mechanism, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was performed. The crystal structure of form γ was characterized by two-dimensional hydrogen bonding between neighboring molecules. This revealed that the functional groups forming hydrogen bonds were exposed on the cleavage plane of form γ. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network with water stabilized the hemihydrate form, α. These results indicate that the hydrogen bondable groups exposed on the cleavage plane of form γ should result in stiction of the powder and adherence to the apparatus. It was concluded that crystal conversion is a method to overcome the milling issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nagamatsu
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ando
- Sustainability Management Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujimura
- Intellectual Property Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Katsuji Sugita
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
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48
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Chen X, Tan Y, Yan H, Shi J, Ding B, Wu J. Enhancing sustainable valorization: Harmless synergistic melting treatment for high-value vitreous products from MSWI fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue. Waste Manag 2023; 171:43-53. [PMID: 37647725 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The waste-to-energy and manganese industries face significant ecological challenges due to two major risk sources: municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR), especially, the MSWI fly is classified as hazardous waste. High temperature melting is a promising method for harmless disposal of solid wastes. However, it has yet to be industrialized due to the high costs and energy consumption. This study proposes using EMR as an additive to co-melt with MSWI fly ash, aiming to develop a method that minimizes energy consumption while producing high value-added products. To this end, the phase evolution and phase-change cooling characteristics during the co-melting process of MSWI fly ash and EMR were experimentally investigated. XRD and SEM analyses revealed that pure vitreous slag can be obtained when mixtures are heated to 1500 °C for 120 min with ≥40 wt% EMR addition under natural air-cooling conditions. Additionally, to produce vitreous slag by air-cooling and increase MSWI fly ash treatment capacity, the molten mixture with 30 wt% EMR addition was adopted in the directional solidification experiments to establish a predictive model relating the average cooling rate to the glass content. The findings ultimately contribute to the advancement of melting-based industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Chen
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu Tan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing Machine Tool (GROUP) Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401336, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Junjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
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Aljabbari A, Kihara S, Rades T, Boyd BJ, Be Rziņš KR. The Influence of Gastrointestinal Biomolecules on Solid-State Transformations in Pharmaceutical Particulates. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4297-4306. [PMID: 37491730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of gut relevant biomolecules onto particles after oral administration of solid oral dosage forms is expected to form a "gastrointestinal corona", which could influence solution-mediated solid-state transformations on exposure of drug particles to gastrointestinal fluids. Low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy was used in this study to investigate in situ solid-state phase transformations under biorelevant temperature and pH conditions along with the presence of biomolecules. Melt-quenched amorphous indomethacin was used as a model solid particulate, and its solid-state behavior was evaluated at 37 °C and pH 1.2-6.8 with or without the presence of typical bile salt/phospholipid mixtures emulating fed-state conditions. Overall, a change in the solid-state transformation pathway from amorphous to crystalline drug was observed, where an intermediate ε-form that initially formed at pH 6.8 was suppressed by the addition of endogenous gastrointestinal biomolecules. These solid-state changes were corroborated using time-resolved synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). Additionally, the bile salt and phospholipid mixture partly prevented the otherwise strong aggregation between drug particles at more acidic conditions (pH ≤ 4.5) and helped to shift the balance against the intrinsic hydrophobicity of indomethacin as well as the plasticization effect brought about by the physiological temperature (i.e., the stickiness arising from the supercooled liquid state at 37 °C). The overall results highlight the importance of evaluating the impact that endogenous biomolecules may have on the solid-state characteristics of drug molecules in dissolution media, where analytical tools such as LFR spectroscopy can serve as an attractive avenue for accessing time-resolved solid-state information on time-scales that are difficult to achieve with other techniques such as X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Aljabbari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ka Rlis Be Rziņš
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Qaramaleki SV, Mohedano ÁF, Coronella CJ. Phosphorus recovery from aqueous product of hydrothermal carbonization of cow manure. Waste Manag 2023; 168:301-310. [PMID: 37331265 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The work studies the recovery of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) from the process water of acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of cow manure. Three organic acids (formic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid) and sulfuric acid were evaluated as additives in HTC. Using 0.3 M sulfuric acid, more than 99% of phosphorus and 15.6% of nitrogen from manure are extracted and dissolved during HTC at 170 °C with 10 min reaction time in a batch reactor. Nutrients (mainly phosphorus) were recovered through precipitation from process water by raising the ionic strength of the solution by addition of salts of magnesium and ammonia, and by raising the pH to 9.5. Subsequently, phosphorus-rich solids were recovered containing almost all (greater than 95%) of the dissolved phosphorus in the sulfuric and formic acid assisted runs. Morphology and qualitative chemical analysis of the precipitates were determined. It is shown by XRD that the precipitate formed from process water generated by HTC with oxalic acid is crystalline, although the diffraction pattern could not be matched with any expected substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed V Qaramaleki
- 1664 N. Virginia St, Chemical and Materials Engineering Dept, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Ángel F Mohedano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charles J Coronella
- 1664 N. Virginia St, Chemical and Materials Engineering Dept, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States.
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