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Shinjo T, Nishimura F. The bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis, from basic to clinical. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2024; 60:15-21. [PMID: 38098853 PMCID: PMC10716706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of periodontitis are increased and advanced in diabetes. Severe periodontitis elicits adverse effects on diabetes by impairing insulin actions due to systemic microinflammation. Recent studies unveil the emerging findings and molecular basis of the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. In addition to conventional mechanisms such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammation, deficient insulin action may play a pathogenic role in the progression of periodontitis under diabetes. Epidemiologically, from the viewpoint of the adverse effect of periodontitis on diabetes, recent studies have suggested that Asians including Japanese and Asian Americans with diabetes and mild obesity (BMI <25 kg/m2) should pay more attention to their increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the effect of diabetes on periodontitis from the viewpoint of abnormalities in metabolism and insulin resistance with novel mechanisms, and the influence of periodontitis on diabetes mainly focused on micro-inflammation related to mature adipose tissue and discuss future perspectives about novel approaches to interrupt the adverse interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Starlin Chellathurai M, Mahmood S, Mohamed Sofian Z, Wan Hee C, Sundarapandian R, Ahamed HN, Kandasamy CS, Hilles AR, Hashim NM, Janakiraman AK. Biodegradable polymeric insulin microneedles - a design and materials perspective review. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2296350. [PMID: 38147499 PMCID: PMC10763835 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2296350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) delivery devices are more accepted by people than regular traditional needle injections (e.g. vaccination) due to their simplicity and adaptability. Thus, patients of chronic diseases like diabetes look for alternative pain-free treatment regimens circumventing regular subcutaneous injections. Insulin microneedles (INS-MNs) are a thoughtfully researched topic (1) to overcome needle phobia in patients, (2) for controlled delivery of the peptide, (3) decreasing the frequency of drug administration, (4) to ease the drug administration procedure, and (5) thus increasing patient adherence to the treatment dosage regimes. MNs physically disrupt the hard outer skin layer to create minuscule pores for insulin (INS) to pass through the dermal capillaries into the systemic circulation. Biodegradable polymeric MNs are of greater significance for INS and vaccine delivery than silicon, metal, glass, or non-biodegradable polymeric MNs due to their ease of fabrication, mass production, cost-effectiveness, and bioerodability. In recent years, INS-MNs have been researched to deliver INS through the transdermal implants, buccal mucosa, stomach wall, intestinal mucosal layers, and colonic mucosa apart from the usual transdermal delivery. This review focuses on the design characteristics and the applications of biodegradable/dissolvable polymeric INS-MNs in transdermal, intra-oral, gastrointestinal (GI), and implantable delivery. The prospective approaches to formulate safe, controlled-release INS-MNs were highlighted. Biodegradable/dissolvable polymers, their significance, their impact on MN morphology, and INS release characteristics were outlined. The developments in biodegradable polymeric INS-MN technology were briefly discussed. Bio-erodible polymer selection, MN fabrication and evaluation factors, and other design aspects were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zarif Mohamed Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Wan Hee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Haja Nazeer Ahamed
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India
| | - C. S. Kandasamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ayah R. Hilles
- INHART, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Janakiraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Holm H, Kennbäck C, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Nilsson PM, Jujic A. The impact of pre diabetes and diabetes on endothelial function in a large population-based cohort. Blood Press 2024; 33:2298309. [PMID: 38185988 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2298309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and prediabetes are well-recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are marked by vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED). However, there is a scarcity of thorough population-based studies examining ED in individuals with diabetes/prediabetes free from manifest CVD. Here, we examined the association between ED assessed by reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) in the finger and diabetes/prediabetes in a large middle-aged population cohort. METHODS Within the Malmö Offspring Study, following the exclusion of participants <30 years and participants with prevalent CVD, 1384 participants had complete data on all covariates. The RHI was calculated using pulse amplitude tonometry. ED was defined as RHI < 1.67. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were conducted to investigate associations between ED and RHI with diabetes and prediabetes. RESULTS The study population had a mean age of 53.6 ± 7.6 years (53% women). In study participants with manifest diabetes (n = 121) and prediabetes (n = 514), ED was present in 42% and 25% respectively, compared to 23% in those with normal glucometabolic status. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, prevalent diabetes was significantly associated with ED (OR 1.95; 95%CI 1.57-3.39; p = 0.002), as well as with lower RHI (β-coeff. -0.087; p = 0.002). However, prediabetes showed no association with neither ED nor RHI. CONCLUSION In a population free from CVD, vascular endothelial dysfunction was primarily associated with manifest diabetes, but not with prediabetes, implying that finger ED may develop when diabetes is established, rather than being an early sign of glucose intolerance. Further research is needed to explore whether addressing glucose intolerance could potentially delay or prevent vascular ED onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Kennbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - P M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Jujic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Maheshwari V, Basu S. Sleep problems and their predictors in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Sleep Med X 2024; 7:100108. [PMID: 38500780 PMCID: PMC10945249 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To ascertain the prevalence and predictors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among older adults with Diabetes (DM) in India, and to assess the relationship between sleep quality and DM. Methods Data was utilized from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (Wave-1, 2017-18), with a total sample of 66606 older adults (≥45 years) selected for the study. Sleep problems and sleep quality score were assessed using an adaptation based on the Jenkins Sleep Scale. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were conducted to determine the effect of sociodemographic and clinical factors on sleep quality. Mediation analysis (Karlson-Holm-Breen) was done to assess the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on the sleep quality scores. Further, Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to assess the impact of diabetes on sleep problems. Results The prevalence of DM was 12.34% (n = 8564, 95% CI: 11.54, 13.20) among whom 24.38% (95% CI: 21.38, 27.65) reported sleep problems. On adjusted analysis, sleep problems were significantly associated with increasing education, higher wealth quintile, lack of physical activity, and multimorbidity. Mediation analysis showed adherence to anti-diabetes medication improved sleep quality (aB = -0.28 (95% CI: -0.54, -0.02)), while comorbidities worsened sleep quality (aB = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.92)). Analysis from PSM indicated that DM was associated with a 6.2% higher chance of sleep problems. Conclusions Poor sleep quality is present in nearly one in four individuals diagnosed with DM in India and linked with certain adverse social determinants. Focused interventions to improve assessment and treatment of sleep problems in resource-limited primary care settings require prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vansh Maheshwari
- Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, India
| | - Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, India
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Hernandez-Mixteco M, Bernal-Morales B, Valenzuela OL, Rodríguez-Landa JF, Cerna-Cortes JF, García-Montalvo EA. Effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché on glutathione level and glycosylated hemoglobin percentage in a Mexican rural population with type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117924. [PMID: 38369067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché fruit is widely used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) because it has been attributed with antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties in different experimental models and T2D patients. An imbalance in physiological glutathione (GSH) concentrations increases the susceptibility to developing complications associated with oxidative stress in T2D patients. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of C. ficifolia on the antioxidant properties of GSH, general health measurements, and biochemical parameters in a Mexican rural population, and to evaluate the changes in socio-affective scores of patients due to improvement in T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven women diagnosed with T2D with poor glycemic control volunteered and were divided into two groups: C. ficifolia (0.5 g/kg of fresh pulp weight) with hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy, and another group with only hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy, for 12 weeks. We evaluated the effect of the fresh pulp of C. ficifolia on body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and GSH. Expanding the study, we evaluated the quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores before and after the intervention. RESULTS Treatment with the fresh pulp of C. ficifolia for 12 weeks reduced glycosylated hemoglobin, similar to the hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy group, and significantly increased GSH concentrations. The patients' moods did not change despite increased GSH concentrations and improved T2D control. CONCLUSIONS The increased GSH concentrations due to the consumption of fresh pulp of C. ficifolia could help to protect against oxidative stress and extend therapeutic benefits in addition to the usual hypoglycemic drugs in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Hernandez-Mixteco
- Programa de Doctorado en Neuroetología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Blandina Bernal-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Shell AL, Crawford CA, Cyders MA, Hirsh AT, Stewart JC. Depressive disorder subtypes, depressive symptom clusters, and risk of obesity and diabetes: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:70-89. [PMID: 38432462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overlapping but divided literatures suggest certain depression facets may pose greater obesity and diabetes risk than others. Our objectives were to integrate the major depressive disorder (MDD) subtype and depressive symptom cluster literatures and to clarify which facets are associated with the greatest cardiometabolic disease risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published studies examining associations of ≥2 MDD subtypes or symptom clusters with obesity or diabetes risk outcomes. We report which facets the literature is "in favor" of (i.e., having the strongest or most consistent results). RESULTS Forty-five articles were included. Of the MDD subtype-obesity risk studies, 14 were in favor of atypical MDD, and 8 showed similar or null associations across subtypes. Of the symptom cluster-obesity risk studies, 5 were in favor of the somatic cluster, 1 was in favor of other clusters, and 5 were similar or null. Of the MDD subtype-diabetes risk studies, 7 were in favor of atypical MDD, 3 were in favor of other subtypes, and 5 were similar or null. Of the symptom cluster-diabetes risk studies, 7 were in favor of the somatic cluster, and 5 were similar or null. LIMITATIONS Limitations in study design, sample selection, variable measurement, and analytic approach in these literatures apply to this review. CONCLUSIONS Atypical MDD and the somatic cluster are most consistently associated with obesity and diabetes risk. Future research is needed to establish directionality and causality. Identifying the depression facets conferring the greatest risk could improve cardiometabolic disease risk stratification and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Shell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Health, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America.
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Alosaimi ME, Alotaibi BS, Abduljabbar MH, Alnemari RM, Almalki AH, Serag A. Therapeutic implications of dapagliflozin on the metabolomics profile of diabetic rats: A GC-MS investigation coupled with multivariate analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116018. [PMID: 38341926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with systemic implications, necessitating the search for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the metabolomics profile alterations in diabetic rats, with a focus on the therapeutic effects of Dapagliflozin, a drug known to inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. METHODS A GC-MS based metabolomics approach combined with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses was utilized to study serum samples from a diabetic model of Wistar rats, treated with dapagliflozin. Metabolomics pathways analysis was also performed to identify the altered metabolic pathways associated with the disease and the intervention. RESULTS Dapagliflozin treatment in diabetic rats resulted in normalized levels of metabolites associated with insulin resistance, notably branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. Improvements in glycine metabolism were observed, suggesting a modulatory role of the drug. Additionally, reduced palmitic acid levels indicated an alleviation of lipotoxic effects. The metabolic changes indicate a restorative effect of dapagliflozin on diabetes-induced metabolic perturbations. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive metabolomics analysis demonstrated the potential of GC-MS in revealing significant metabolic pathway alterations due to dapagliflozin treatment in diabetic model rats. The therapy induced normalization of key metabolic disturbances, providing insights that could advance personalized diabetes mellitus management and therapeutic monitoring, highlighting the utility of metabolomics in understanding drug mechanisms and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriyah S Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Alnemari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Liang H, Zhang R, Zhou L, Wu X, Chen J, Li X, Chen J, Shan L, Wang H. Corn stigma ameliorates hyperglycemia in zebrafish and GK rats of type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117746. [PMID: 38216098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornstigma (CS), derived from the stigma and style of gramineous plant Zeamays. The medicinal use of CS can be traced back to DianNanMateriaMedica. LingnanMedicinalPlantsCompendium records its effectiveness in ameliorating diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and the consequent chronic complications of kidney, heart, brain and other organs, which pose a significant threat to human health. CS has shown great potential in relieving hyperglycemia associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism of CS in treating diabetes remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the pathogenesis of diabetes and the mechanism of CS improving hyperglycemia in diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured apigenin and luteolin contents in CS by UPLC/MS/MS method. Selecting Wistar rats as normal group, and GK rats as model group. For rats, we detected glucose and lipid metabolism indicators, including GHb, AST, ALT, U-Glu, UA, U-TP, U-ALB, and ACR after treatment. For zebrafish, we utilized alloxan and sucrose to establish the diabetes model. Measuring zebrafish blood glucose is employed to evaluate the hypoglycemic capability of CS. In order to explore the mechanism of CS in treating diabetes, we sequenced the transcriptome of zebrafish, compared differentially expressed genes of normal, diabetic, and CS-treated group, and validated multiple enrichment pathways by PCR. RESULTS CS can improve blood glucose levels in both GK rats and diabetic zebrafish. For rats, CS partially restored glucose and lipid metabolism indicators. Transcriptome data from zebrafish showed a close correlation with steroid biosynthesis. The RNA-Sequencing was consistent with PCR results, indicating that CS downregulated gene (fdft1,lss,cyp51) expression concerned with steroid biosynthesis pathway in the diabetes model. CONCLUSION CS effectively improved blood glucose levels, regulated glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing gene expression in steroid biosynthesis pathway, and ameliorated hyperglycemia. Our research provides valuable insights for CS in the treatment of diabetes, and proposes a new strategy for selecting clinical medications for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Office of Educational Administration, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Letian Shan
- Fuyang Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Scientific Research Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China.
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Kengne AP, Ramachandran A. Feasibility of prevention of type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetologia 2024; 67:763-772. [PMID: 38355989 PMCID: PMC10954968 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity. Nearly 80% of individuals with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where nearly half of those with the condition remain undiagnosed. The majority of known cases have sub-optimal clinical outcomes. Moreover, large populations with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose contribute to the rapid increase in type 2 diabetes. Globally, priority should be given to limit the population with diabetes, especially in LMICs, alongside actions to optimise the care of people diagnosed with diabetes. Primary prevention studies in LMICs have generated evidence to show the efficacy and scalability of strategies to fully prevent or delay the development of diabetes in high-risk groups. However, these are mainly limited to certain countries in Asia, particularly China and India. The studies have indicated that prevention policies are effective in populations with a high risk of type 2 diabetes, and they also have long-term benefits, not only for the risk of type 2 diabetes but also for the risk of associated metabolic disorders, such as CVDs. For the effective conduct of national programmes, innovative mechanisms must be implemented, such as the use of information technology, joint efforts of multiple teams implementing similar programmes, and involvement of governmental and non-governmental partnerships. Continuous monitoring and long-term studies are required to assess the utility of these programmes. The effectiveness of such programmes in LMICs has not been proven over the longer term, except in China. Despite the available evidence, the feasibility of prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes in LMICs at population level remains an enigma. There remain challenges in the form of cultural, societal and economic constraints; insufficient infrastructure and healthcare capacity; and the non-fully elucidated natural history and determinants of type 2 diabetes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.
| | - Ambady Ramachandran
- Indian Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, India
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Kurgan N, Kjærgaard Larsen J, Deshmukh AS. Harnessing the power of proteomics in precision diabetes medicine. Diabetologia 2024; 67:783-797. [PMID: 38345659 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Precision diabetes medicine (PDM) aims to reduce errors in prevention programmes, diagnosis thresholds, prognosis prediction and treatment strategies. However, its advancement and implementation are difficult due to the heterogeneity of complex molecular processes and environmental exposures that influence an individual's disease trajectory. To address this challenge, it is imperative to develop robust screening methods for all areas of PDM. Innovative proteomic technologies, alongside genomics, have proven effective in precision cancer medicine and are showing promise in diabetes research for potential translation. This narrative review highlights how proteomics is well-positioned to help improve PDM. Specifically, a critical assessment of widely adopted affinity-based proteomic technologies in large-scale clinical studies and evidence of the benefits and feasibility of using MS-based plasma proteomics is presented. We also present a case for the use of proteomics to identify predictive protein panels for type 2 diabetes subtyping and the development of clinical prediction models for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment strategies. Lastly, we discuss the importance of plasma and tissue proteomics and its integration with genomics (proteogenomics) for identifying unique type 2 diabetes intra- and inter-subtype aetiology. We conclude with a call for action formed on advancing proteomics technologies, benchmarking their performance and standardisation across sites, with an emphasis on data sharing and the inclusion of diverse ancestries in large cohort studies. These efforts should foster collaboration with key stakeholders and align with ongoing academic programmes such as the Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Kjærgaard Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Ertik O, Tunali S, Acar ET, Bal-Demirci T, Ülküseven B, Yanardag R. Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effects of an Oxovanadium (IV) Complex on Heart and Aorta Injury of STZ-Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2085-2099. [PMID: 37603267 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic people have a much higher rate of cardiovascular disease than healthy people. Therefore, heart and aortic tissues are target tissues in diabetic research. In recent years, the synthesis of new vanadium complexes and investigation of their antidiabetic/lowering effect on the blood glucose levels and antioxidant properties are increasing day by day. Our study aimed to examine the effects of synthesized oxovanadium (IV) complex of 2-[(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene]hydrazine-1-[(N-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)](S-methyl)carbothioamide [VOL] on diabetic heart and aortic tissues, as well as in vitro lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition, antioxidant properties, and reducing power. Electrochemical characterization of the VOL was carried out by using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) methods. In addition, in silico drug-likeness and ADME prediction were also investigated. For in vivo study, male Swiss albino rats were randomly selected and separated into four groups which are control, control + VOL, diabetic and diabetic + VOL. After the experimental procedure, biochemical parameters were investigated in homogenates of heart and aorta tissues. The results showed that VOL has a protective effect on heart and aortic tissue against oxidative stress. According to electrochemical experiments, one reversible oxidative couple and one irreversible reductive response were observed for the complex. In addition, in vitro LDH and MPO inhibition of VOL was examined. It was found that VOL had a protective effect on heart and aortic tissues of diabetic rats, and caused the inhibition of LDH and MPO in in vitro studies. On the other hand, evaluating the synthesized VOL according to in silico drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction, it was found that VOL has drug-like properties and exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption. The VOL had a therapeutic impact on the heart and aortic tissues of diabetic rats, according to the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertik
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Turker Acar
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Bal-Demirci
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ülküseven
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Rauscher FG, Elze T, Francke M, Martinez-Perez ME, Li Y, Wirkner K, Tönjes A, Engel C, Thiery J, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Kirsten T, Loeffler M, Ebert T, Wang M. Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance/sensitivity associate with retinal layer characteristics: the LIFE-Adult-Study. Diabetologia 2024; 67:928-939. [PMID: 38431705 PMCID: PMC10954961 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS As the prevalence of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance is increasing throughout the world, diabetes-induced eye diseases are a global health burden. We aim to identify distinct optical bands which are closely related to insulin and glucose metabolism, using non-invasive, high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a large, population-based dataset. METHODS The LIFE-Adult-Study randomly selected 10,000 participants from the population registry of Leipzig, Germany. Cross-sectional, standardised phenotyping included the assessment of various metabolic risk markers and ocular imaging, such as SD-OCT-derived thicknesses of ten optical bands of the retina. Global and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield-specific optical retinal layer thicknesses were investigated in 7384 healthy eyes of 7384 participants from the LIFE-Adult-Study stratified by normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4% [39-47 mmol/mol]) and diabetes. The association of optical retinal band characteristics with different indices of glucose tolerance (e.g. fasting glucose, area under the glucose curve), insulin resistance (e.g. HOMA2-IR, triglyceride glucose index), or insulin sensitivity (e.g. estimated glucose disposal rate [eGDR], Stumvoll metabolic clearance rate) was determined using multivariable linear regression analyses for the individual markers adjusted for age, sex and refraction. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the observed findings. RESULTS In the study cohort, nine out of ten optical bands of the retina showed significant sex- and glucose tolerance-dependent differences in band thicknesses. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed a significant, independent, and inverse association between markers of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (e.g. HOMA2-IR) with the thickness of the optical bands representing the anatomical retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL, standardised β=-0.096; p<0.001 for HOMA2-IR) and myoid zone (MZ; β=-0.096; p<0.001 for HOMA2-IR) of the photoreceptors. Conversely, markers of insulin sensitivity (e.g. eGDR) positively and independently associated with ONL (β=0.090; p<0.001 for eGDR) and MZ (β=0.133; p<0.001 for eGDR) band thicknesses. These global associations were confirmed in ETDRS subfield-specific analyses. Sensitivity analyses further validated our findings when physical activity, neuroanatomical cell/tissue types and ETDRS subfield categories were investigated after stratifying the cohort by glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION An impaired glucose homeostasis associates with a thinning of the optical bands of retinal ONL and photoreceptor MZ. Changes in ONL and MZ thicknesses might predict early metabolic retinal alterations in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska G Rauscher
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Data Science, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Elze
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike Francke
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Elena Martinez-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yangjiani Li
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medical Data Science, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ruissen MM, Steyerberg EW, Huisman SD, de Graaf AA, de Koning EJP, Delgado-Lista J, Sont JK. Critical comments regarding the assessment of quality of life and the clinical impact of the POWER2DM intervention. Reply to Pouwer F, Deschênes SS [letter]. Diabetologia 2024; 67:956-957. [PMID: 38427075 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Ruissen
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sasja D Huisman
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Albert A de Graaf
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jacob K Sont
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Bibha K, Akhigbe TM, Hamed MA, Akhigbe RE. Metabolic Derangement by Arsenic: a Review of the Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1972-1982. [PMID: 37670201 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have implicated arsenic exposure in various pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, which have become a global phenomenon, affecting developed, developing, and under-developed nations. Despite the huge risks associated with arsenic exposure, humans remain constantly exposed to it, especially through the consumption of contaminated water and food. This present study provides an in-depth insight into the mechanistic pathways involved in the metabolic derangement by arsenic. Compelling pieces of evidence demonstrate that arsenic induces metabolic disorders via multiple pathways. Apart from the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation, arsenic prevents the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308, leading to the inhibition of PDK-1/Akt insulin signaling, thereby reducing GLUT4 translocation through the activation of Nrf2. Also, arsenic downregulates mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3, decreasing the ability of its associated transcription factor, FOXO3a, to bind to the agents that support the genes for manganese superoxide dismutase and PPARg co-activator (PGC)-1a. In addition, arsenic activates MAPKs, modulates p53/ Bcl-2 signaling, suppresses Mdm-2 and PARP, activates NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-mediated apoptosis, and induces ER stress, and ox-mtDNA-dependent mitophagy and autophagy. More so, arsenic alters lipid metabolism by decreasing the presence of 3-hydroxy-e-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 and carnitine O-octanoyl transferase (Crot) and increasing the presence of fatty acid-binding protein-3 mRNA. Furthermore, arsenic promotes atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial damage. This cascade of pathophysiological events promotes metabolic derangement. Although the pieces of evidence provided by this study are convincing, future studies evaluating the involvement of other likely mechanisms are important. Also, epidemiological studies might be necessary for the translation of most of the findings in animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bibha
- Department of Zoology, Magadh Mahila College, Patna University, Patna, India
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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15
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Hatada M, Pavlidis S, Sode K. Development of a glycated albumin sensor employing dual aptamer-based extended gate field effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116118. [PMID: 38382273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycated albumin (GA), defined as the percentage of serum albumin glycation, is a mid-term glycemic control marker for diabetes. The concentrations of both glycated human serum albumin (GHSA) and total human serum albumin (HSA) are required to calculate GA. Here, we report the development of a GA sensor employing two albumin aptamers: anti-GHSA aptamer which is specific to GHSA and anti-HSA aptamer which recognizes both glycated and non-glycated HSA. We combine these aptamers with extended gate field effect transistors (EGFETs) to realize GA monitoring without the need to pretreat serum samples, and therefore suitable for point of care and home-testing applications. Using anti-GHSA aptamer-immobilized electrodes and EGFETs, we measured GHSA concentrations between 0.1-10 μM within 20 min. The sensor was able to measure GHSA concentration in the presence of BSA for a range of known GA levels (5-29%). With anti-HSA aptamer-immobilized electrodes and EGFETs, we measured total HSA concentrations from 1-17 μM. Furthermore, GHSA and total HSA concentrations of both healthy and diabetic-level samples were determined with GHSA and HSA sensors. The measured GHSA and total HSA concentrations in three samples were used to determine respective GA percentages, and our calculations agreed with GA levels determined by reference methods. Thus, we developed simple and rapid dual aptamer-based EGFET sensors to monitor GA through measuring GHSA and total HSA concentration, without the need for sample pretreatment, a mandatory step in the current standard of enzymatic GA monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hatada
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Spyridon Pavlidis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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16
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Ageeli Hakami M. Diabetes and diabetic associative diseases: An overview of epigenetic regulations of TUG1. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103976. [PMID: 38510528 PMCID: PMC10951089 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of lncRNA TUG1 has garnered significant attention in the context of diabetes and its associated disorders. TUG1's multifaceted roles in gene expression modulation, and cellular differentiation, and it plays a major role in the growth of diabetes and the issues that are related to it due to pathological processes. In diabetes, aberrant epigenetic modifications can lead to dysregulation of TUG1 expression, contributing to disrupted insulin signaling, impaired glucose metabolism, and beta-cell dysfunction. Moreover, it has been reported that TUG1 contributes to the development of problems linked to diabetes, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications, through epigenetically mediated mechanisms. Understanding the epigenetic regulations of TUG1 offers novel insights into the primary molecular mechanisms of diabetes and provides a possible path for healing interventions. Targeting epigenetic modifications associated with TUG1 holds promise for restoring proper gene expression patterns, ameliorating insulin sensitivity, and mitigating the inception and development of diabetic associative diseases. This review highlights the intricate epigenetic landscape that governs TUG1 expression in diabetes, encompassing DNA methylation and alterations in histone structure, as well as microRNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Tanner R, Farhan S, Giustino G, Sartori S, Feng Y, Hooda A, Vinayak M, Dangas G, Mehran R, Kini AS, Sharma SK. Impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes after first episode in-stent restenosis PCI: Results from a large registry. Int J Cardiol 2024; 401:131856. [PMID: 38360097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a high rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after de novo coronary artery percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether patients with DM undergoing PCI for in-stent restenosis (ISR) experience a similar heightened risk of MACE is not known. Hence, we sought to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with and without DM undergoing PCI for ISR. METHODS Patients undergoing first episode ISR PCI between January 2015 and December 2021 were included. The primary outcome of interest was MACE (all-cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], and target lesion revascularization [TVR]) at 1-year. RESULTS A total of 3156 patients (56.7% with DM) underwent PCI for ISR during the study period. Patients with DM were younger, more likely to be female, and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities. At 1-year follow-up, DM was associated with a higher rate of MACE (22.4% vs. 18.7%, unadjusted HR 2.03, 95%CI(1.27-3.25), p = 0.003). All-cause mortality and MI were significantly more frequent among people with DM at 1-year follow-up. The rate of TVR was similar in both groups (17.9% vs. 16.0%, unadjusted HR 1.14, 95%CI (0.94-1.37), p = 0.180). On adjusted analysis, there was no significant difference in the rate of MACE (AHR 1.07, 95%CI(0.90 - -1.29), p = 0.444), all-cause death (AHR 1.54, 95%CI(0.93-2.54), p = 0.095) or MI (AHR 1.10, 95%CI(0.74-1.63), p = 0.652). CONCLUSION ISR PCI in patients with DM was associated with a higher rate of MACE at 1-year follow-up. However, this increased risk was no longer significant after adjusting for baseline characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Serdar Farhan
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Gennaro Giustino
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Sartori
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Yihan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Amit Hooda
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Manish Vinayak
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - George Dangas
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Annapoorna S Kini
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Samin K Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
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18
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Nong Y, Wu G, Lu J, Wei X, Yu D. The mediating role of obesity in the development of depression in individuals with diabetes: A population-based study from NHANES 2005-2014. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:977-982. [PMID: 38355056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is one of the common manifestations of diabetes population, and previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between depression and diabetes. This study was conducted retrospectively through the large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the risk of depression in different individuals with diabetes. METHODS We collected data on a total of 33,001 individuals in 5 cycles of NHANES and compared the incidence of depression in the individuals with diabetes, pre-diabetes or without diabetes groups after weighting. A weighted logistic review was used to assess the association between diabetes and depression at different BMI, sex, and age levels. Mediating analysis was used to assess the risk of depression in people with obesity-mediated diabetes. In addition, the non-linear relationship between BMI and depression at different factor levels was evaluated using restricted cubic strips (RCS). RESULTS Diabetes was significantly associated with depression in obesity, especially for female (OR: 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.20-1.75, P < 0.001) and young ( CONCLUSIONS There is a significant correlation between diabetes and depression, and obesity as a mediating variable mediates the correlation between diabetes and depression. Especially in obese, young (age < 60) and women, the phenomenon is more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Nong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Junquan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wei
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 51080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Danqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Wang Z, Du Z, Lu R, Zhou Q, Jiang Y, Zhu H. Causal relationship between diabetes and depression: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:956-961. [PMID: 38355055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the causal relationship between diabetes and depression using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) method. METHODS The study selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with diabetes and depression in European populations from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database, to serve as instrumental variables (IVs). The main evaluation method was inverse variance weighted analysis (IVW), supplemented by verification using Weighted median, Weighted mode, and MR Egger methods. The Odds Ratio (OR) and 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) were used as the main evaluation indicators, along with sensitivity analysis. RESULTS This study found a negative correlation between diabetes and depression, suggesting that diabetes may reduce the risk of depression [IVW(FE): OR: 0.901, 95 % CI: 0.823 to 0.987; P = 0.025 < 0.05]. This finding was further confirmed by the Weighted median [OR: 0.844, 95 % CI: 0.730 to 0.974; P = 0.021 < 0.05] and Weighted mode method [OR: 0.766, 95 % CI: 0.637 to 0.921; P = 0.006 < 0.05]. However, the reverse showed no causal relationship between depression and diabetes (P > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis found no pleiotropy, and there were no large influences from individual SNPs on the result's robustness; the results are stable and reliable. CONCLUSION For the first time, this study using TSMR analysis found a negative correlation between diabetes and the risk of depression onset in European populations, suggesting that diabetes might reduce the risk of depression. But as the mechanisms are still unclear, these findings warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Ozkan S, Isildar B, Sahin H, Saygi HI, Konukoglu D, Koyuturk M. Comparative analysis of effects of conditioned mediums obtained from 2D or 3D cultured mesenchymal stem cells on kidney functions of diabetic rats: Early intervention could potentiate transdifferentiation of parietal epithelial cell into podocyte precursors. Life Sci 2024; 343:122543. [PMID: 38460812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapeutic intervention for diabetes and associated complications like nephropathy. This study aims to evaluate the effects of conditioned mediums (CMs) collected from umbilical cord-derived MSCs incubated under 2-dimensional (2D) or 3D culture conditions on kidney functions of rats with type-I diabetes (T1D). MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 20 mg/kg streptozocin for 5 consecutive days to induce T1D, and 12 doses of CMs were applied intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effects of CMs were comparatively investigated by biochemical, physical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS 3D-CM had significantly higher total protein concentration than the 2D-CM Albumin/creatinine ratios of both treatment groups were significantly improved in comparison to diabetes. Light microscopic evaluations showed that glomerular and cortical tubular damages were significantly ameliorated in only the 3D-CM applied group compared to the diabetes group, which were correlated with transmission electron microscopic observations. The nephrin and synaptopodin expressions increased in both treatment groups compared to diabetes. The WT1, Ki-67, and active caspase-3 expressions in glomeruli and parietal layers of the treatment groups suggest that both types of CMs suppress apoptosis and promote possible parietal epithelial cells' (PECs') transdifferentiation towards podocyte precursor cells by switching on WT1 expression in parietal layer rather than inducing new cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE 3D-CM was found to be more effective in improving kidney functions than 2D-CM by ameliorating glomerular damage through the possible mechanism of transdifferentiation of PECs into podocyte precursors and suppressing glomerular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serbay Ozkan
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey; Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Basak Isildar
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey; Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sahin
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Saygi
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey; Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoglu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuturk
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey.
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Dey P, Tewari N, Dutta S, Newman RA, Chaudhuri TK. Oleander attenuates hepatic inflammation in a TLR4-independent manner and by favorable modulation of hepatocellular global metabolome that supports cytoprotection. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117717. [PMID: 38181937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nerium oleander is used to treat liver-associated chronic metabolic diseases in traditional medicinal systems across the globe. The hepatoprotective effects of oleander are mentioned in Indian and Chinese traditional medicinal literature. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective effects of a non-toxic dose of oleander (NO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The hepatoprotective effects of NO were tested against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated HepG2 cells. Oxidative stress response was studied using cellular enzymatic assays, and gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. HepG2 cells were pretreated with TAK-242 (pharmacological inhibitor of TLR4) to decipher the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of NO. Cell-free metabolites were analyzed using GCMS and were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS NO reduced systemic inflammation, serum lipid peroxidation byproducts, and glucose without affecting serum transaminase levels and hepatic histopathological features. NO attenuated the inflammation-induced loss of antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κβ (NFκβ)-dependent inflammatory genes. In TAK-242 pretreated cells, LPS was unable to induce inflammatory and oxidative responses. However, NO treatment in TAK-242 pretreated cells with LPS stimulation further reduced the signs of inflammation and improved hepatoprotective activities. A comparative analysis of the intracellular global metabolome from HepG2 cells with and without NO treatment indicated NO-mediated favorable modulation of intracellular metabolic pathways that support cytoprotective activities. CONCLUSION NO protects HepG2 cells from LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury. The hepatoprotective effects of NO are mediated by a TLR4-independent process and through a favorable modulation of the intracellular global metabolome that supports cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Nisha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
| | - Somit Dutta
- Department of Development Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Robert A Newman
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India.
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Liu Z, Hua W, Jin S, Wang Y, Pang Y, Wang B, Zhao N, Song Y, Qi J. Canagliflozin protects against hyperglycemia-induced cerebrovascular injury by preventing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption via AMPK/Sp1/adenosine A2A receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176381. [PMID: 38341077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes brain microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) damage, inducing dysfunctional angiogenic response and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Canagliflozin is a revolutionary hypoglycemic drug that exerts neurologic and/or vascular-protective effects beyond glycemic control; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we hypothesize that canagliflozin ameliorates BBB permeability by preventing diabetes-induced brain MEC damage. Mice with high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes received canagliflozin for 8 weeks. We assessed vascular integrity by measuring cerebrovascular neovascularization indices. The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), as well as tight junction proteins (TJs), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and adenosine A2A receptors was examined. Mouse brain MECs were grown in high glucose (30 mM) to mimic diabetic conditions. They were treated with/without canagliflozin and assessed for migration and angiogenic ability. We also performed validation studies using AMPK activator (AICAR), inhibitor (Compound C), Sp1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and adenosine A2A receptor siRNA. We observed that cerebral pathological neovascularization indices were significantly normalized in mice treated with canagliflozin. Increased Sp1 and adenosine A2A receptor expression and decreased p-AMPK and TJ expression were observed under diabetic conditions. Canagliflozin or AICAR treatment alleviated these changes. However, this alleviation effect of canagliflozin was diminished again after Compound C treatment. Either Sp1 siRNA or adenosine A2A receptor siRNA could increase the expression of TJs. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Sp1 could bind to the adenosine A2A receptor gene promoter. Our study identifies the AMPK/Sp1/adenosine A2A receptor pathway as a treatment target for diabetes-induced cerebrovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Sinan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Benshuai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuejia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China.
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23
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Liu B, Xie D, Huang X, Jin S, Dai Y, Sun X, Li D, Bennett AM, Diano S, Huang Y. Skeletal muscle TET3 promotes insulin resistance through destabilisation of PGC-1α. Diabetologia 2024; 67:724-737. [PMID: 38216792 PMCID: PMC10904493 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs in multiple tissues in response to environmental cues. In skeletal muscles, PGC-1α dysregulation has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. This research aims to understand the role of TET3, a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family dioxygenases, in PGC-1α dysregulation in skeletal muscles in obesity and diabetes. METHODS TET expression levels in skeletal muscles were analysed in humans with or without type 2 diabetes, as well as in mouse models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or genetically induced (ob/ob) obesity/diabetes. Muscle-specific Tet3 knockout (mKD) mice were generated to study TET3's role in muscle insulin sensitivity. Genome-wide expression profiling (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues from wild-type (WT) and mKD mice was performed to mine deeper insights into TET3-mediated regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity. The correlation between PGC-1α and TET3 expression levels was investigated using muscle tissues and in vitro-derived myotubes. PGC-1α phosphorylation and degradation were analysed using in vitro assays. RESULTS TET3 expression was elevated in skeletal muscles of humans with type 2 diabetes and in HFD-fed and ob/ob mice compared with healthy controls. mKD mice exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and resilience to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Pathway analysis of RNA-seq identified 'Mitochondrial Function' and 'PPARα Pathway' to be among the top biological processes regulated by TET3. We observed higher PGC-1α levels (~25%) in muscles of mKD mice vs WT mice, and lower PGC-1α protein levels (~25-60%) in HFD-fed or ob/ob mice compared with their control counterparts. In human and murine myotubes, increased PGC-1α levels following TET3 knockdown contributed to improved mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity. TET3 formed a complex with PGC-1α and interfered with its phosphorylation, leading to its destabilisation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate an essential role for TET3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and suggest that TET3 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome. DATA AVAILABILITY Sequences are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ) with accession number of GSE224042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sungho Jin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yangyang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Devineni D, Akbarpour M, Gong Y, Wong ND. Inadequate Use of Newer Treatments and Glycemic Control by Cardiovascular Risk and Sociodemographic Groups in US Adults with Diabetes in the NIH Precision Medicine Initiative All of Us Research Program. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:347-357. [PMID: 36378394 PMCID: PMC10959811 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data are limited on sodium glucose co-transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) among real-world cohorts of underrepresented patients. We examined these therapies and glycemic control in US adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and sociodemographic factors. METHODS In the NIH Precision Medicine Initiative All of Us Research Program, we categorized DM as (1) moderate risk, (2) high risk, and (3) with ASCVD. We examined proportions on DM therapies, including SGLT2-i or GLP-1 RA, and at glycemic control by sociodemographic factors and CVD risk groups. RESULTS Our 81,332 adults aged ≥ 18 years with DM across 340 US sites included 22.3% non-Hispanic Black, 17.2% Hispanic, and 1.8% Asian participants; 31.1%, 30.3%, and 38.6% were at moderate risk, high risk, or with ASCVD, respectively. Those with DM and ASCVD were most likely on SGLT2-i (8.6%) or GLP-1 RA (11.9%). SGLT2-i use was < 10% in those with heart failure or chronic kidney disease. The odds (95% CI) of SGLT2-i use were greater among men (1.35 [1.20, 1.53]) and Asian persons (2.31 [1.78, 2.96]), with GLP-1 RA being less common (0.78 [0.70, 0.86]) in men. GLP-1 RA use was greater among those with health insurance, and both GLP-1 RA and SGLT2-i greater within lower income groups. 72.0% of participants had HbA1c < 7%; Hispanic persons were least likely at glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with SGLT2-is and GLP-1 RAs remains low, even among higher ASCVD risk persons with DM and use is even lower among underserved groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Devineni
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, C240 Medical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Meleeka Akbarpour
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, C240 Medical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yufan Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, C240 Medical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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25
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Jahan J, Joshi S, Oca IMD, Toelle A, Lopez-Yang C, Chacon CV, Beyer AM, Garcia CA, Jarajapu YP. The role of telomerase reverse transcriptase in the mitochondrial protective functions of Angiotensin-(1-7) in diabetic CD34 + cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116109. [PMID: 38458330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) stimulates vasoprotective functions of diabetic (DB) CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells partly by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing nitric oxide (NO) levels and decreasing TGFβ1 secretion. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) translocates to mitochondria and regulates ROS generation. Alternative splicing of TERT results in variants α-, β- and α-β-TERT, which may oppose functions of full-length (FL) TERT. This study tested if the protective functions of Ang-(1-7) or TGFβ1-silencing are mediated by mitoTERT and that diabetes decreases FL-TERT expression by inducing splicing. CD34+ cells were isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of nondiabetic (ND, n = 68) or DB (n = 74) subjects. NO and mitoROS levels were evaluated by flow cytometry. TERT splice variants and mitoDNA-lesions were characterized by qPCR. TRAP assay was used for telomerase activity. Decoy peptide was used to block mitochondrial translocation (mitoXTERT). TERT inhibitor or mitoXTERT prevented the effects of Ang-(1-7) on NO or mitoROS levels in DB-CD34+ cells. FL-TERT expression and telomerase activity were lower and mitoDNA-lesions were higher in DB cells compared to ND and were reversed by Ang-(1-7) or TGFβ1-silencing. The prevalence of TERT splice variants, with predominant β-TERT expression, was higher and the expression of FL-TERT was lower in DB cells (n = 25) compared to ND (n = 30). Ang-(1-7) or TGFβ1-silencing decreased TERT-splicing and increased FL-TERT. Blocking of β-splicing increased FL-TERT and protected mitoDNA in DB-cells. The findings suggest that diabetes induces TERT-splicing in CD34+ cells and that β-TERT splice variant largely contributes to the mitoDNA oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Shrinidh Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Andrew Toelle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | | | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Yagna Pr Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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26
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Hoek AG, Dal Canto E, Wenker E, Bindraban N, Handoko ML, Elders PJM, Beulens JWJ. Epidemiology of heart failure in diabetes: a disease in disguise. Diabetologia 2024; 67:574-601. [PMID: 38334818 PMCID: PMC10904471 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) without symptoms, and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represent the most common phenotypes of HF in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and are more common than HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in these individuals. However, diagnostic criteria for HF have changed over the years, resulting in heterogeneity in the prevalence/incidence rates reported in different studies. We aimed to give an overview of the diagnosis and epidemiology of HF in type 2 diabetes, using both a narrative and systematic review approach; we focus narratively on diagnosing (using the 2021 European Society of Cardiology [ESC] guidelines) and screening for HF in type 2 diabetes. We performed an updated (2016-October 2022) systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of HF subtypes in adults ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes, using echocardiographic data. Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched and data were assessed using random-effects meta-analyses, with findings presented as forest plots. From the 5015 studies found, 209 were screened using the full-text article. In total, 57 studies were included, together with 29 studies that were identified in a prior meta-analysis; these studies reported on the prevalence of LVSD (n=25 studies, 24,460 individuals), LVDD (n=65 studies, 25,729 individuals), HFrEF (n=4 studies, 4090 individuals), HFmrEF (n=2 studies, 2442 individuals) and/or HFpEF (n=8 studies, 5292 individuals), and on HF incidence (n=7 studies, 17,935 individuals). Using Hoy et al's risk-of-bias tool, we found that the studies included generally had a high risk of bias. They showed a prevalence of 43% (95% CI 37%, 50%) for LVDD, 17% (95% CI 7%, 35%) for HFpEF, 6% (95% CI 3%, 10%) for LVSD, 7% (95% CI 3%, 15%) for HFrEF, and 12% (95% CI 7%, 22%) for HFmrEF. For LVDD, grade I was found to be most prevalent. Additionally, we reported a higher incidence rate of HFpEF (7% [95% CI 4%, 11%]) than HFrEF 4% [95% CI 3%, 7%]). The evidence is limited by the heterogeneity of the diagnostic criteria over the years. The systematic section of this review provides new insights on the prevalence/incidence of HF in type 2 diabetes, unveiling a large pre-clinical target group with LVDD/HFpEF in which disease progression could be halted by early recognition and treatment.Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42022368035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Hoek
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisa Dal Canto
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Wenker
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Navin Bindraban
- Heartcenter, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Louis Handoko
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Heartcenter, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kim J, Kim M, Kim M, You YH, Song Y, Lee BW. Dysregulation of autophagy activation induced by atorvastatin contributes to new-onset diabetes mellitus in western diet-fed mice. Metabolism 2024; 153:155795. [PMID: 38253121 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The incidence of statin-induced new-onset diabetes (NOD) is increasing but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of various doses of atorvastatin (ATO)-induced autophagy on the development of NOD. METHODS AND RESULTS The isolated rat islets and MIN6 cells-treated with ATO, exhibited impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced insulin content, and induced apoptosis. Additionally, autophagy was induced at all doses (in vitro: 5, 10, 20 μM; in vivo: 10, 15, 20 mg/kg) in ATO-treated MIN6 cells or western diet (WD)-fed mice. In contrast to normal glucose-tolerant mice administered a low-dose (10 mg/kg) ATO, those treated with high-doses (15 or 20 mg/kg) exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore, high-dose ATO-treated mice showed decreased β-cell mass and increased apoptosis compared to that of vehicle-treated mice. We also observed that the number of vesicophagous cells in the pancreas of 20 mg/kg ATO-treated WD-fed mice was higher than in vehicle-treated WD-fed mice. Inhibiting autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and siAtg5 improved glucose tolerance in vivo and in vitro by preventing apoptotic β-cell death and restoring insulin granules. CONCLUSION These results indicate that high doses of ATO induced hyperactivated autophagy in pancreatic cells, leading to impaired insulin storage, decreased cell viability, and reduced functional cell mass, ultimately resulting in NOD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjune Kim
- Department of gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hye You
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Song
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Liu Y, Sun Z, Dong R, Liu P, Zhang X, Li Y, Lai X, Cheong HF, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Gui D, Xu Y. Rutin ameliorated lipid metabolism dysfunction of diabetic NAFLD via AMPK/SREBP1 pathway. Phytomedicine 2024; 126:155437. [PMID: 38394735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetic liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Rutin is a bioflavonoid produced by the hydrolysis of glucosidases to quercetin. Its biological activities include lowering blood glucose, regulating insulin secretion, regulating dyslipidemia, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated. However, its effect on diabetic NAFLD is rarely reported. PURPOSE Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Rutin on diabetic NAFLD and potential pharmacological mechanism. METHODS We used db/db mice as the animal model to investigate diabetic NAFLD. Oleic acid-treated (OA) HeLa cells were examined whether Rutin had the ability to ameliorate lipid accumulation. HepG2 cells treated with 30 mM/l d-glucose and palmitic acid (PA) were used as diabetic NAFLD in vitro models. Total cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides (TG) levels were determined. Oil red O staining and BODIPY 493/503 were used to detect lipid deposition within cells. The indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress were detected. The mechanism of Rutin in diabetic liver injury with NAFLD was analyzed using RNA-sequence and 16S rRNA, and the expression of fat-synthesizing proteins in the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was investigated. Compound C inhibitors were used to further verify the relationship between AMPK and Rutin in diabetic NAFLD. RESULTS Rutin ameliorated lipid accumulation in OA-treated HeLa. In in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic NAFLD, Rutin alleviated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. 16S analysis showed that Rutin could reduce gut microbiota dysregulation, such as the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. RNA-seq showed that the significantly differentially genes were mainly related to liver lipid metabolism. And the ameliorating effect of Rutin on diabetic NAFLD was through AMPK/SREBP1 pathway and the related lipid synthesis proteins was involved in this process. CONCLUSION Rutin ameliorated diabetic NAFLD by activating the AMPK pathway and Rutin might be a potential new drug ingredient for diabetic NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Zhongyan Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Ruixue Dong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Yiran Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Lai
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Hio-Fai Cheong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Metabolic Diseases of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Faculty of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Hengqin, Zhuhai, PR China.
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Prajapati N, Sharma D, Ashok Bidve P, Chouhan D, Allani M, Kumar Patel S, Ghosh Chowdhury M, Shard A, Tiwari V. Glucose regulation by newly synthesized boronic acid functionalized molecules as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor: a potential compound for therapeutic intervention in hyperglycaemia. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2859-2871. [PMID: 37254302 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2215319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors is gaining precedence as this enzyme plays an indispensable role in cleaving and inactivating peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), incretin hormones, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). There are several DPP IV inhibitors used to treat T2DM, but limited by side effects such as disturbed GIT, flu-like symptoms, etc. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel and better DPP IV inhibitors for the management of the same. In the present study, we investigated the effect of new boronic acid-based thiazole compounds as DPP IV inhibitors. We used substituted anilines that were progressively modified through a multi-step synthesis and then chemically characterised. These molecules have good binding affinity and molecular interactions at the active site of the DPP IV enzyme. Two boronic acid-based molecules, i.e. PC06R58 and PC06R108, were used for the assessment of their in-vitro enzymatic activities. Both molecules (PC06108 and PC06R58) exhibited potent uncompetitive DPP IV enzyme inhibition at two different concentrations of 90.9 and 15.6 nM, respectively, compared to sitagliptin having an IC50 of 17.3 nM. Furthermore, the oral glucose tolerance test suggested significantly reduced blood glucose levels at 20 mg/kg of the body weight upon administration of PC06R58 and PC06R108 molecules in rats after glucose ingestion (2 g/kg of the body weight). The compounds showed satisfactory DPP IV inhibition. Furthermore, DPP IV inhibitory activity and acceptable pre-ADME/Tox profile indicate it is a lead compound in this novel class of DPP IV inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pankaj Ashok Bidve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Chouhan
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Kumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Paschou SA, Athanasiadou KI, Papanas N. Menopausal Hormone Therapy in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:741-748. [PMID: 38363540 PMCID: PMC10951155 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Menopause is accompanied by several metabolic adaptations, which are related to insulin resistance, increased total body fat mass, and central abdominal fat accumulation, predisposing women to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. Metabolic syndrome has a high prevalence in postmenopausal women, indicating the loss of estrogen protection on metabolic and cardiovascular health. Moreover, earlier age at menopause has been related to increased risk of T2DM. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has favorable results in glucose metabolism. Indeed, it reduces the risk of T2DM in women without this condition and improves glycemic control in women with T2DM. Before MHT initiation in women with clinical indications, it is imperative to assess their cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, using official electronic algorithms for score calculation. The latter will determine regimen, dose, and administration route of MHT. Oral estrogens are preferable in women with low CVD risk, while transdermal administration is indicated in those with moderate and high CVD risk, as the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased with oral administration. Oral 17β-estradiol is usually preferred in women with T2DM, as this route has more beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. Oral estrogens are also suggested in perimenopausal or recently postmenopausal women with low CVD risk. Although oral estrogens have favorable effects when indicated, the risk of VTE or stroke should always be considered. Micronized progesterone, dydrogesterone, and transdermal norethisterone are the progestogens used in postmenopausal women with T2DM and intact uterus. MHT should not be initiated in women > 60 years or > 10 years in menopause, as there is an increased thromboembolic risk in women with established atherosclerosis and no additional cardiovascular benefit in women without atherosclerosis. In conclusion, MHT administration in postmenopausal women with T2DM can be safe and effective as long as the therapeutic regimen has been properly selected according to their cardiovascular, metabolic, and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kleoniki I Athanasiadou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, G. Kondyli 22, 68132, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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31
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Rovira-Llopis S, Luna-Marco C, Perea-Galera L, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Victor VM. Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:325-337. [PMID: 37993559 PMCID: PMC10943166 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4 weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and 18 studies (n = 1169 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TRE had no significant effect on fasting glucose (Hedges's g = -0.08; 95% CI:-0.31,0.16; p = 0.52), but it did reduce HbA1c levels (Hedges's g = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06; p = 0.01). TRE significantly reduced fasting insulin (Hedges's g = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73,-0.08; p = 0.01) and showed a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR (Hedges's g = -0.32; 95% CI:-0.66,0.02; p = 0.06). Interestingly, a cumulative analysis showed that the beneficial effects of TRE regarding glucose levels were less apparent as studies with later TRE windows (lTRE) were being included. Indeed, a subgroup analysis of the early TRE (eTRE) studies revealed that fasting glucose was significantly reduced by eTRE (Hedges's g = -0.38; 95% CI:-0.62, -0.14; p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis suggests that TRE can reduce HbA1c and insulin levels, and that timing of food intake is a crucial factor in the metabolic benefit of TRE, as only eTRE is capable of reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023405946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Perea-Galera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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32
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Zhang Z, Liu F, Yin X, Wu B, Li H, Peng F, Cheng M, Li J, Xiang J, Yao P, Liu S, Tang Y. Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and risk of diabetes in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:939-949. [PMID: 38246954 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) is a valid instrument to assess the diet quality of the Chinese population, but evidence regarding the relationship between CHEI and the risk of diabetes remains limited. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of CHEI with diabetes among Chinese adults. METHODS 1563 adults free of diabetes at baseline and with at least two survey data from 1997 to 2018 were included. Dietary information was collected by three consecutive 24-h recalls combined with household food inventory, and long-term diet quality was evaluated by the CHEI. Diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes and/or fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, and/or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the associations between CHEI and diabetes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 192 (10.3%) participants developed new-onset diabetes. Generally, a five-point higher CHEI score was significantly associated with a 17% lower risk of diabetes (HR, 0.83; 95%CI 0.71-0.97). In stratified analysis, inverse associations between CHEI and diabetes were more vigorous in females (HR, 0.68; 95%CI 0.54-0.85) than in males (P for interaction = 0.01). In addition, there was an L-shaped association between CHEI and diabetes risk in the whole population (P for non-linearity = 0.026), while no significant non-linear association was observed in females or males, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that a long-term higher-quality diet evaluated by CHEI was significantly associated with lower risks of diabetes, and the favorable associations were more pronounced among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fangqu Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingzhu Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bangfu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Maowei Cheng
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Farzaneh E, Mohammadi M, Raymand P, Noori M, Golestani S, Ranjbar S, Ghasemi Y, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Asadi M, Nasli Esfahani E, Rastegar H, Larijani B, Mahdavi M, Taslimi P. Pyrano[2,3-b]chromone derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107207. [PMID: 38402795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase is an important target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this work, a novel series of pyrano[2,3-b]chromene derivatives 5a-m was designed based on potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors and synthesized by simple chemical reactions. These compounds were evaluated against the latter enzymes. Most of the title compounds exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase in comparison to standard inhibitor (acarbose). Representatively, the most potent compound, 4-methoxy derivative 5d, was 30.4 fold more potent than acarbose against α-glucosidase and 6.1 fold more potent than this drug against α-amylase. In silico molecular modeling demonstrated that compound 5d attached to the active sites of α-glucosidase and α-amylase with a favorable binding energies and established interactions with important amino acids. Dynamics of compound 5d also showed that this compound formed a stable complex with the α-glucosidase active site. In silicodrug-likeness as well as ADMET prediction of this compound was also performed and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Farzaneh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Raymand
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Noori
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahand Golestani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Computational Vaccine and Drug Design Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Computational Vaccine and Drug Design Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, MOHE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Türkiye.
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Pang H, Huang G, Xie Z, Zhou Z. The role of regulated necrosis in diabetes and its complications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:495-505. [PMID: 38393662 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Morphologically, cell death can be divided into apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis, which is a type of regulated cell death, is well tolerated by the immune system and is responsible for hemostasis and cellular turnover under physiological conditions. In contrast, necrosis is defined as a form of passive cell death that leads to a dramatic inflammatory response (also referred to as necroinflammation) and causes organ dysfunction under pathological conditions. Recently, a novel form of cell death named regulated necrosis (such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) was discovered. Distinct from apoptosis, regulated necrosis is modulated by multiple internal or external factors, but meanwhile, it results in inflammation and immune response. Accumulating evidence has indicated that regulated necrosis is associated with multiple diseases, including diabetes. Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance, and long-term high glucose leads to various diabetes-related complications. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, and introduce recent advances in characterizing the associations between these three types of regulated necrosis and diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Pang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Aminu KS, Uzairu A, Abechi SE, Shallangwa GA, Umar AB. Activity prediction, structure-based drug design, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetic studies of 1,4-dihydropyridines derivatives as α-amylase inhibitors. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:270-286. [PMID: 38234713 PMCID: PMC10793175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes places a substantial economic burden on countries worldwide. The costs associated with diabetes management, including healthcare services, medications, monitoring equipment, and productivity losses, are substantial. The International Diabetes Federation has estimated that global healthcare expenditures associated with diabetes and its complications exceed hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Therefore, a critical need exists to develop drugs that are highly effective, affordable, and easily accessible to society. Methods This study explored the structural modification of 1,4-DHP derivatives to identify specific α-amylase inhibitors, with the aim of developing more effective and accessible drugs for diabetes. We evaluated the activity and binding ability of the designed compounds. In addition, we performed drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic studies on the modified compounds. Results Equation (1) had the highest accuracy, on the basis of internal and external assessment parameters, including R2int = 0.852, R2adj = 0.803, Q2cv = 0.731, and R2ext = 0.884. Moreover, the five potent analogs identified through structure-based drug design demonstrated a more favorable interaction than observed for the template or acarbose. Additionally, comprehensive studies on the drug-like properties and pharmacokinetics of the designed compounds supported their oral safety and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. Conclusions The designed analogs show promise for developing new hypoglycemic agents. Their positive attributes and performance suggest that they may potentially serve as candidates for further research in improving treatments for high blood sugar-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa S. Aminu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Chacar S, Abdi A, Almansoori K, Alshamsi J, Al Hageh C, Zalloua P, Khraibi AA, Holt SG, Nader M. Role of CaMKII in diabetes induced vascular injury and its interaction with anti-diabetes therapy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:369-382. [PMID: 38064002 PMCID: PMC10943158 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder denoted by chronic hyperglycemia that drives maladaptive structural changes and functional damage to the vasculature. Attenuation of this pathological remodeling of blood vessels remains an unmet target owing to paucity of information on the metabolic signatures of this process. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is expressed in the vasculature and is implicated in the control of blood vessels homeostasis. Recently, CaMKII has attracted a special attention in view of its chronic upregulated activity in diabetic tissues, yet its role in the diabetic vasculature remains under investigation.This review highlights the physiological and pathological actions of CaMKII in the diabetic vasculature, with focus on the control of the dialogue between endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Activation of CaMKII enhances EC and VSMC proliferation and migration, and increases the production of extracellular matrix which leads to maladaptive remodeling of vessels. This is manifested by activation of genes/proteins implicated in the control of the cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, proliferation, migration, and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is paralleled by impaired nitric oxide signaling, which is also influenced by CaMKII signaling (activation/oxidation). The efficiency of CaMKII inhibitors is currently being tested in animal models, with a focus on the genetic pathways involved in the regulation of CaMKII expression (microRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms). Interestingly, studies highlight an interaction between the anti-diabetic drugs and CaMKII expression/activity which requires further investigation. Together, the studies reviewed herein may guide pharmacological approaches to improve health-related outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chacar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdulhamid Abdi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalifa Almansoori
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jawaher Alshamsi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cynthia Al Hageh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali A Khraibi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- SEHA Kidney Care, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Moni Nader
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Dos Reis Araujo T, Alves BL, Dos Santos LMB, Gonçalves LM, Carneiro EM. Association between protein undernutrition and diabetes: Molecular implications in the reduction of insulin secretion. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:259-278. [PMID: 38048021 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition is still a recurring nutritional problem in low and middle-income countries. It is directly associated with the social and economic sphere, but it can also negatively impact the health of the population. In this sense, it is believed that undernourished individuals may be more susceptible to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, throughout life. This hypothesis was postulated and confirmed until today by several studies that demonstrate that experimental models submitted to protein undernutrition present alterations in glycemic homeostasis linked, in part, to the reduction of insulin secretion. Therefore, understanding the changes that lead to a reduction in the secretion of this hormone is essential to prevent the development of diabetes in undernourished individuals. This narrative review aims to describe the main molecular changes already characterized in pancreatic β cells that will contribute to the reduction of insulin secretion in protein undernutrition. So, it will provide new perspectives and targets for postulation and action of therapeutic strategies to improve glycemic homeostasis during this nutritional deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Dos Reis Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lourençoni Alves
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Monali Barreto Dos Santos
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Carl Von Linnaeus Bloco Z, Campinas, SP, Cep: 13083-864, Brazil.
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Marino S, Ozgurel SU, McAndrews K, Cregor M, Villaseñor A, Mamani-Huanca M, Barbas C, Gortazar A, Sato AY, Bellido T. Abaloparatide is more potent than teriparatide in restoring bone mass and strength in type 1 diabetic male mice. Bone 2024; 181:117042. [PMID: 38360197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of the two FDA-approved bone anabolic ligands of the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R), teriparatide or human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH) and abaloparatide (ABL), to restoring skeletal health using a preclinical murine model of streptozotocin-induced T1-DM. Intermittent daily subcutaneous injections of equal molar doses (12 pmoles/g/day) of PTH (50 ng/g/day), ABL (47.5 ng/g/day), or vehicle, were administered for 28 days to 5-month-old C57Bl/6 J male mice with established T1-DM or control (C) mice. ABL was superior to PTH in increasing or restoring bone mass in control or T1-MD mice, respectively, which was associated with superior stimulation of trabecular and periosteal bone formation, upregulation of osteoclastic/osteoblastic gene expression, and increased circulating bone remodeling markers. Only ABL corrected the reduction in ultimate load, which is a measure of bone strength, induced by T1-DM, and it also increased energy to ultimate load. In addition, bones from T1-DM mice treated with PTH or ABL exhibited increased ultimate stress, a material index, compared to T1-DM mice administered with vehicle. And both PTH and ABL prevented the increased expression of the Wnt antagonist Sost/sclerostin displayed by T1-DM mice. Further, PTH and ABL increased to a similar extent the circulating bone resorption marker CTX and the bone formation marker P1NP in T1-DM after 2 weeks of treatment; however, only ABL sustained these increases after 4 weeks of treatment. We conclude that at equal molar doses, ABL is more effective than PTH in increasing bone mass and restoring the cortical and trabecular bone lost with T1-DM, due to higher and longer-lasting increases in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L. McClellan Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Serra Ucer Ozgurel
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Kevin McAndrews
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Meloney Cregor
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L. McClellan Little Rock, AR, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maricuz Mamani-Huanca
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arancha Gortazar
- Bone Physiopathology laboratory, Applied Molecular Medicine Institute (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus Monteprincipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amy Y Sato
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L. McClellan Little Rock, AR, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L. McClellan Little Rock, AR, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Rivera-Almaraz A, Salinas-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez-Peña E, Manrique-Espinoza BS. Predictors of Frailty Transitions in Mexican Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae068. [PMID: 38401153 PMCID: PMC10949440 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a dynamic state in older adults. Current evidence, mostly in high-income countries, found that improving frailty is more likely in mild states (prefrailty). We aimed to determine the probability of frailty transitions and their predictors. METHODS Participants were adults aged 50 years or over from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Mexico during 4 waves (2009, 2014, 2017, and 2021). We defined frailty with the frailty phenotype and we used multinomial logistic models to estimate the probabilities of frailty transitions and determine their predictors. RESULTS For the 3 analyzed periods (2009-2014, 2014-2017, and 2017-2021), transition probabilities from frail to robust were higher for the younger age group (50-59 years) at 0.20, 0.26, and 0.20, and lower for the older age group (≥80 years), 0.03, 0.08 and 0.04. Transitioning from prefrail to robust had probabilities of 0.38, 0.37, and 0.35, for the younger age group, and 0.09, 0.18, and 0.10, for the older age group. The probabilities of transitioning to frail and to death were lower for the younger age group and for the robust at baseline; but higher for the older age group and for the frail at baseline. We identified age, disability, and diabetes as the most significant predictors of frailty transitions. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that frailty has a dynamic nature and that a significant proportion of prefrail and frail individuals can recover to a robust or prefrail state. They also emphasize that prefrailty should be the focus of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Gutiérrez-Peña
- Department of Probability and Statistics, IIMAS, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hwang SM, Rahman MM, Go EJ, Kim YH, Park CK. Specific transcription factors Ascl1 and Lhx6 attenuate diabetic neuropathic pain by modulating spinal neuroinflammation and microglial activation in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116392. [PMID: 38479183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neuronal system-related transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role in GABA production, and GABA modulates diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of intrathecal delivery of two TFs achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) and LIM homeobox protein 6 (Lhx6) in a mouse model of DNP and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. GABA-related specific TFs, including Ascl1, Lhx6, distal-less homeobox 1, distal-less homeobox 5, the Nkx2.1 homeobox gene, and the Nkx2.2 homeobox gene, were investigated under normal and diabetic conditions. Among these, the expression of Ascl1 and Lhx6 was significantly downregulated in mice with diabetes. Therefore, a single intrathecal injection of combined lenti-Ascl1/Lhx6 was performed. Intrathecal delivery of lenti-Ascl1/Lhx6 significantly relieved mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in mice with DNP. Ascl1/Lhx6 delivery also reduced microglial activation, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, and reduced the activation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and NF-κB in the spinal cord of mice with DNP, thereby reducing DNP. The results of this study suggest that intrathecal Ascl1/Lhx6 delivery attenuates DNP via upregulating spinal GABA neuronal function and inducing anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Go
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Sallam NA, Wang B, Laher I. Exercise training and vascular heterogeneity in db/db mice: evidence for regional- and duration-dependent effects. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:2421-2436. [PMID: 37843589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training (ET) has several health benefits; however, our understanding of regional adaptations to ET is limited. We examined the functional and molecular adaptations to short- and long-term ET in elastic and muscular conduit arteries of db/db mice in relation to changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetic mice and their controls were exercised at moderate intensity for 4 or 8 weeks. The vasodilatory and contractile responses of thoracic aortae and femoral arteries isolated from the same animals were examined. Blood and aortic samples were used to measure hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, protein expression of SOD isoforms, COX, eNOS, and Akt. Short-term ET improved nitric oxide (NO) mediated vasorelaxation in the aortae and femoral arteries of db/db mice in parallel with increased SOD2 and SOD3 expression, reduced oxidative stress and triglycerides, and independent of weight loss, glycemia, or inflammation. Long-term ET reduced body weight in parallel with reduced systemic inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity along with increased SOD1, Akt, and eNOS expression and improved NO vasorelaxation. Exercise did not restore NOS- and COX-independent vasodilatation in femoral arteries, nor did it mitigate the hypercontractility in the aortae of db/db mice; rather ET transiently increased contractility in association with upregulated COX-2. Long-term ET differentially affected the aortae and femoral arteries contractile responses. ET improved NO-mediated vasodilation in both arteries likely due to collective systemic effects. ET did not mitigate all diabetes-induced vasculopathies. Optimization of the ET regimen can help develop comprehensive management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.
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Rivera CN, Smith CE, Draper LV, Watne RM, Wommack AJ, Vaughan RA. Physiological 4-phenylbutyrate promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism in C2C12 myotubes. Biochimie 2024; 219:155-164. [PMID: 38008282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated circulating blood metabolites such as glucose, insulin, and branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which often coincide with reduced mitochondrial function. 4-Phenylbutyrate (PBA), an ammonia scavenger, has been shown to activate BCAA metabolism, resolve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and rescue BCAA-mediated insulin resistance. To determine the effect of PBA on the altered metabolic phenotype featured in type 2 diabetes, the present study investigated the effect of PBA on various metabolic parameters including mitochondrial metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. C2C12 myotubes were treated with PBA at 0.5 mM (representing physiologically attainable blood concentrations) or 10 mM (representing physiologically unattainable/proof-of-concept levels) for up to 24 h. Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism were assessed via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate, respectively. Mitochondrial content, lipid content, and ER stress were measured by fluorescent staining. Metabolic gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Both doses of PBA increased expression of indicators of mitochondrial biogenesis, though only PBA at 0.5 mM increased mitochondrial function and content while 10 mM PBA reduced mitochondrial function and content. PBA at 0.5 mM also rescued reduced mitochondrial function during insulin resistance, though PBA also caused a reduced insulin stimulated pAkt expression during insulin resistance. PBA treatment also increased extracellular BCAA accumulation during insulin resistance despite unchanged pBCKDH expression. Taken together, PBA may increase mitochondrial biogenesis, content, and function in a dose-dependent fashion which may have implications for prevention or treatment of metabolic disease such as insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Rivera
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Carly E Smith
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Lillian V Draper
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Rachel M Watne
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA.
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Yang T, Filippov I, Manathunga L, Baghai A, Maréchal A, Raleigh DP, Zhyvoloup A. On the importance of being amidated: Analysis of the role of the conserved C-terminal amide of amylin in amyloid formation and cytotoxicity. Biophys Chem 2024; 307:107168. [PMID: 38367541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The polypeptide hormone Amylin (also known as islet amyloid polypeptide) plays a role in regulation of glucose metabolism, but forms pancreatic islet amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetes. The process of islet amyloid formation contributes to β-cell dysfunction and the development of the disease. Amylin is produced as a pro-from and undergoes processing prior to secretion. The mature hormone contains an amidated C-terminus. Analysis of an alignment of vertebrate amylin sequences reveals that the processing signal for amidation is strictly conserved. Furthermore, the enzyme responsible for C-terminal amidation is found in all of these organisms. Comparison of the physiologically relevant amidated form to a variant with a free C-terminus (Amylin-COO-) shows that replacement of the C-terminal amide with a carboxylate slows, but does not prevent amyloid formation. Pre-fibrillar species produced by both variants are toxic to cultured β-cells, although hAmylin-COO- is moderately less so. Amyloid fibrils produced by either peptide are not toxic. Prior work (ACS Pharmacol. Translational. Sci. 1, 132-49 (2018)) shows that Amylin- COO- exhibits a 58-fold reduction in activation of the Amylin1 receptor and 20-fold reduction in activation of the Amylin3 receptor. Thus, hAmylin-COO- exhibits significant toxicity, but significantly reduced activity and offers a reagent for studies which aim to decouple hAmylin's toxic effects from its activity. The different behaviours of free and C-terminal amidated Amylin should be considered when designing systems to produce the polypeptide recombinantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangweina Yang
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Filippov
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshan Manathunga
- Laufer Center for Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
| | - Aria Baghai
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Amandine Maréchal
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Raleigh
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Laufer Center for Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States.
| | - Alexander Zhyvoloup
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Garg PK, Ji Y, Wang W, Hof JV, Decker J, Inciardi RM, Lutsey PL, Alonso A, Shah AM, Solomon S, Selvin E, Chen LY. Association of diabetes and glycemic control with left atrial function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:972-979. [PMID: 38161132 PMCID: PMC10947889 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although glycemic status is associated with impaired cardiac structure and function, less is known on left atrial (LA) function across the glycemic spectrum. We evaluated the association of diabetes and glycemic control with LA function in a community-based cohort of older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional analysis included 5075 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (mean age 75.5 years, 58 % women, and 20 % Black adults) with echocardiographic strain data for LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile function. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess associations of diabetes status and glycemic control with LA function. In participants without diabetes, we used ordinal linear regression to evaluate associations of fasting glucose and HbA1c with LA function. Compared to individuals with a normal fasting glucose, prevalent diabetes was associated with 0.68 % lower LA conduit function (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.11 to -0.25) and prediabetes a 0.47 % reduction (95 % CI: 0.85 to -0.09) in fully adjusted analyses. Persons with diabetes and high HbA1c (HgbA1c ≥ 7 % vs <7 %) had 1.05 % lower LA conduit function (95 % CI: 1.63, -0.48). Among individuals without diagnosed diabetes, higher fasting glucose, but not HbA1c, was significantly associated with worse LA conduit function. No significant associations were observed for LA reservoir and contractile function. CONCLUSIONS A history of diabetes, prediabetes, and higher fasting glucose levels in persons without diabetes were associated with worse LA conduit function. Corroborative research is needed in prospective cohorts as well as studies that explore underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen K Garg
- Division of Cardiology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yuekai Ji
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wendy Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeremy Van't Hof
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Decker
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Riccardo M Inciardi
- Institute of Cardiology Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia, Brescia Italy
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amil M Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott Solomon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lin Yee Chen
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Bailey CJ, Flatt PR. Duodenal enteroendocrine cells and GIP as treatment targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2024; 174:171168. [PMID: 38320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The duodenum is an important source of endocrine and paracrine signals controlling digestion and nutrient disposition, notably including the main incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Bariatric procedures that prevent nutrients from contact with the duodenal mucosa are particularly effective interventions to reduce body weight and improve glycaemic control in obesity and type 2 diabetes. These procedures take advantage of increased nutrient delivery to more distal regions of the intestine which enhances secretion of the other incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Preclinical experiments have shown that either an increase or a decrease in the secretion or action of GIP can decrease body weight and blood glucose in obesity and non-insulin dependent hyperglycaemia, but clinical studies involving administration of GIP have been inconclusive. However, a synthetic dual agonist peptide (tirzepatide) that exerts agonism at receptors for GIP and GLP-1 has produced marked weight-lowering and glucose-lowering effects in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This appears to result from chronic biased agonism in which the novel conformation of the peptide triggers enhanced signalling by the GLP-1 receptor through reduced internalisation while reducing signalling by the GIP receptor directly or via functional antagonism through increased internalisation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
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Lu L, Jang S, Zhu J, Qin Q, Sun L, Sun J. Nur77 mitigates endothelial dysfunction through activation of both nitric oxide production and anti-oxidant pathways. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103056. [PMID: 38290383 PMCID: PMC10844745 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nur77 belongs to the member of orphan nuclear receptor 4A family that plays critical roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. This study aims to determine whether Nur77 plays a role in attenuating vascular dysfunction, and if so, to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Both Nur77 knockout (Nur77 KO) and Nur77 endothelial specific transgenic mice (Nur77-Tg) were employed to examine the functional significance of Nur77 in vascular endothelium in vivo. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to acetylcholine (Ach) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined under inflammatory and high glucose conditions. Expression of genes was determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS In response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment and diabetes, the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to Ach was significantly impaired in aorta from Nur77 KO as compared with those from the wild-type (WT) mice. Endothelial specific overexpression of Nur77 markedly prevented both TNF-α- and high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. Compared with WT mice, after TNF-α and high glucose treatment, ROS production in aorta was significantly increased in Nur77 KO mice, but it was inhibited in Nur77-Tg mice, as determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nur77 overexpression substantially increased the expression of several key enzymes involved in nitric oxide (NO) production and ROS scavenging, including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH-1), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), and superoxide dismutases (SODs). Mechanistically, we found that Nur77 increased GCH1 mRNA stability by inhibiting the expression of microRNA-133a, while Nur77 upregulated SOD1 expression through directly binding to the human SOD1 promoter in vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Nur77 plays an essential role in attenuating endothelial dysfunction through activating NO production and anti-oxidant pathways in vascular endothelium. Targeted activation of Nur77 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Soohwa Jang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Qing Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lijun Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Foudah AI, Ayman Salkini M, Alqarni MH, Alam A. Preparation and evaluation of antidiabetic activity of mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103946. [PMID: 38384280 PMCID: PMC10879835 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and optimize mangiferin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MG-SLNs) using the microemulsion technique and ultrasonication. The MG-SLNs were composed of Labrafil M 2130 CS, MG, ethanol, Tween 80, and water. The optimized MG-SLNs exhibited a particle size of 138.37 ± 3.39 nm, polydispersity index of 0.247 ± 0.023, entrapment efficiency of 84.37 ± 2.43 %, and zeta potential of 18.87 ± 2.42 mV. Drug release studies showed a two-fold increase in the release of MG from SLNs compared to the solution. Confocal images indicated deeper permeation of MG-SLNs, highlighting their potential. Molecular docking confirmed mangiferin's inhibitory activity against α-amylase, consistent with previous findings. In vitro studies showed that MG-SLNs inhibited α-amylase activity by 55.43 ± 6.11 %, α-glucosidase activity by 68.76 ± 3.14 %, and exhibited promising antidiabetic activities. In a rat model, MG-SLNs significantly and sustainably reduced blood glucose levels for up to 12 h. Total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased. Both MG-SOL and MG-SLNs reduced SGOT and SGPT levels, with MG-SLNs showing a more significant reduction in SGOT compared to MG-SOL. Overall, the biochemical results indicated that both formulations improved diabetes-associated alterations. In conclusion, the study suggests that loading MG in SLNs using the newly developed approach could be an efficient oral treatment for diabetes, offering sustained blood glucose reduction and positive effects on lipid profiles and liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Jung HH. Glycemic control and dementia risk in patients aged above and below 75 years. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:244-252. [PMID: 38524931 PMCID: PMC10959882 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background There is a lack of data about the treatment effect of glycemic control on incident dementia in patients with advanced age. Methods In a nationwide Korean cohort of 79,076 diabetic patients 75 years or older and a representative cohort of 74,672 diabetics aged 50 to 74 years, multivariable-adjusted incidence of overt dementia was estimated across yearly-averaged on-treatment fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Results During 9-year follow-up, overt dementia was noted in 24,710 (31.2%) patients 75 years or older and in 5237 (7.0%) patients aged 50 to 74 years. For dementia risk, J-shaped associations were observed across on-treatment FBG levels (80-99, 100-109, 110-125, 126-139, 140-159, 160-179, and 180-900 mg/dl) in patients 75 years or older (respective incidence: 49.3, 45.7, 45.9, 45.7, 48.5, 51.5, and 57.9 per 1000 person-years) and in those aged 50 to 74 years (respective incidence: 8.9, 8.3, 7.7, 7.6, 8.0, 8.6, and 10.6 per 1000 person-years) with a significant interaction of FBG level and age group (P = 0.001). For all-cause mortality, the J-shaped association curve was left-shifted in patients 75 years or older (respective incidence: 64.9, 59.1, 57.6, 60.4, 64.0, 70.9, and 90.4 per 1000 person-years) relative to that in patients aged 50 to 74 years (respective incidence: 15.7, 13.4, 12.3, 12.2, 13.4, 15.7, and 21.8 per 1000 person-years; P < 0.001 for interaction). Conclusion The achieved glycemic level with the lowest risk for dementia and mortality was lower in older patients, and absolute risk increase related to poorly controlled glucose was greater in the elderly compared with younger patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00684-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Hyuk Jung
- Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341 South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, 156 Baekryung-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24289 South Korea
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Ranjan S, Thakur R. Gender differential in the pattern and severity of perceived symptoms among diabetes patients in India. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:223-236. [PMID: 38524935 PMCID: PMC10959850 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the pattern of diabetes symptoms and to estimate the association between diabetes symptom severity (level of discomfort perceived by a patient due to diabetes symptoms) among different socio-demographic variables for both women and men. Methods Primary cross-sectional data of 583 diagnosed patients (51.3% and 48.7%, women and men, respectively) were collected from Punjab, India. Frequency percentage distribution and negative binomial regressions (NBR) were used for analysis. Results More men were asymptomatic compared to women. Both genders perceived increased hunger, thirst, and frequent urination in their early stages of diabetes. More women than men have experienced hormonal change as their first symptom with a higher severity level. NBR analyzed the association between discomfort perceived by both genders due to symptoms among different socio-demographic categories. Urban patients (incidence rate ratio-IRR: 0.90) were significantly (p = 0.056) less likely to perceive discomfort than their rural counterparts, whereas men (IRR: 0.93) reported more significant discomfort than women (IRR: 0.88) in the urban area. Literate patients [Up to class 10 (IRR: 0.87), (p = 0.013) and 11-above (IRR: 0.85), (p = 0.022) categories] were significantly less likely to perceive discomfort. In all education categories, women professed more significant discomfort than men. Conclusion Given the differences in symptoms between the two genders, this paper will help comprehend the disease development process and limit the possibilities of misdiagnosis. This study will assist in identifying the order of the symptoms among both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Ranjan
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005 India
| | - Ramna Thakur
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005 India
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Chi W, Song J, Yazdanfard S, Daggolu J, Varisco TJ. Why the increase? Examining the rise in prescription medication expenditures in the United States between 2011 and 2020. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:432-442. [PMID: 38302297 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to identify determinants of increasing medicine expenditures in the US between 2011 and 2020. Prescription medication expenditures from the 2011-2020 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) were used to calculate total annual medication expenditures by payer categories (Out-of-pocket, Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE/Veterans Administration/CHAMPVA (TVAC), Other Government Sources, Private Insurance, and Other Sources). From here, expenditures were stratified by therapeutic category using Multum Lexicon Drug Class to examine trends in expenditures by therapeutic area. Linear regression was used to identify temporal trends in medication expenditures. From 2011 to 2020, total annual prescription medication expenditures rose from $341.49 to $473.12 billion per year with metabolic agents being the most costly category. Among the metabolic agents, antidiabetic agents were the most costly therapeutic area, with an increasing trend observed from $27.15 to $89.17 billion over the same period. Medicare, Medicaid, Private Insurance, TVAC, and Other Sources also saw an increasing trend in antidiabetic agent expenditure, while no trend was observed for Out-of-pocket and Other Government Sources. Insulin had the highest expenditure among antidiabetic agents. Further studies are warranted to explore specific factors contributing to the increasing trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whanhui Chi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, USA
| | - Juhyeon Song
- Hobby School of Public Affairs, University of Houston, USA
| | - Sahar Yazdanfard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, USA
| | - Jerusha Daggolu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, USA
| | - Tyler J Varisco
- The Prescription Drug Misuse Education and Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy University of Houston College of Pharmacy, USA.
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