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Asogwa CN, Zhao C, Polzin BJ, Maksimoski AN, Heimovics SA, Riters LV. Distinct patterns of activity within columns of the periaqueductal gray are associated with functionally distinct birdsongs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1530:161-181. [PMID: 37800392 PMCID: PMC10841217 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Male songbirds produce female-directed songs in spring that convey a state of sexual motivation. Many songbirds also sing in fall flocks in affiliative/gregarious contexts in which song is linked to an intrinsic positive affective state. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) in mammals, which is organized into functional columns, integrates information from multiple brain regions and relays this information to vocal motor areas so that an animal emits a vocal signal reflective of its affective state. Here, we test the hypothesis that distinct columns in the songbird PAG play roles in the distinct affective states communicated by sexually motivated and gregarious song. We quantified the numbers of immediate early gene ZENK-positive cells in 16 PAG subregions in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) after singing gregarious or sexually motivated song. Results suggest that distinct PAG columns in songbirds context-specifically regulate song, agonistic, and courtship behaviors. A second exploratory, functional tract-tracing study also demonstrated that inputs to the PAG from specific subregions of the medial preoptic nucleus may contribute to gregarious song and behaviors indicative of social dominance. Together, findings suggest that conserved PAG columns and inputs from the preoptic nucleus may play a role in context-specific vocal and other social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinweike N Asogwa
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Changjiu Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandon J Polzin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alyse N Maksimoski
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah A Heimovics
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lauren V Riters
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Swilley C, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Xu X, Liu M, Jarome T, Hodes GE, Xie H. Sex linked behavioral and hippocampal transcriptomic changes in mice with cell-type specific Egr1 loss. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1240209. [PMID: 37928724 PMCID: PMC10623684 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1240209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor EGR1 is instrumental in numerous neurological processes, encompassing learning and memory as well as the reaction to stress. Egr1 complete knockout mice demonstrate decreased depressive or anxiety-like behavior and impaired performance in spatial learning and memory. Nevertheless, the specific functions of Egr1 in distinct cell types have been largely underexplored. In this study, we cataloged the behavioral and transcriptomic character of Nestin-Cre mediated Egr1 conditional knockout (Egr1cKO) mice together with their controls. Although the conditional knockout did not change nociceptive or anxiety responses, it triggered changes in female exploratory activity during anxiety testing. Hippocampus-dependent spatial learning in the object location task was unaffected, but female Egr1cKO mice did exhibit poorer retention during testing on a contextual fear conditioning task compared to males. RNA-seq data analyses revealed that the presence of the floxed Egr1 cassette or Nestin-Cre driver alone exerts a subtle influence on hippocampal gene expression. The sex-related differences were amplified in Nestin-Cre mediated Egr1 conditional knockout mice and female mice are more sensitive to the loss of Egr1 gene. Differentially expressed genes resulted from the loss of Egr1 in neuronal cell lineage were significantly associated with the regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix, and axon guidance. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Nestin-Cre and the loss of Egr1 in neuronal cell lineage have distinct impacts on hippocampal gene expression in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Swilley
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yu Lin
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yuze Zheng
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Xiguang Xu
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Min Liu
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Timothy Jarome
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Georgia E. Hodes
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Jia X, Xu F, Lu S, Jie H, Guan W, Zhou Y. An unusual signal transducer GIV/Girdin engages in the roles of adipocyte-derived hormone leptin in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166797. [PMID: 37478565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Obese patients usually have hyperleptinemia and are prone to develop liver fibrosis. Leptin is intimately linked to liver fibrogenesis, a multi-receptor-driven disease. Gα-Interacting Vesicle-associated protein (GIV) functions as a multimodular signal transducer and a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gi controling key signalings downstream of diverse receptors. This study aimed to examine the roles of GIV in leptin-caused liver fibrosis and employed the culture-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and leptin-deficient mice, respectively. Results indicated that leptin upregulated GIV expression in HSCs. GIV was involved in leptin-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. GIV mediated leptin regulation of TIMP1, MMP9, PDGFβ receptor and TGFβ receptor and was required for leptin stimulating the pathways of Erk1/2, Akt1, and Smad3. GIV was also a mediator for leptin-regulation of Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3 activity but GIV reduced Caspase-3 level independently of leptin in vivo. Erk1/2 signaling, Egr1 and c-Jun were associated with the effect of leptin on GIV expression in HSCs. Leptin-induced Erk1/2 signaling increased Egr1 and p-c-Jun levels and promoted their binding to GIV promoter at the sites between -190 bp and -180 bp and between -382 bp and - 376 bp, respectively. Egr1 knockdown lessened leptin-upregulation of GIV in vitro and in vivo. In human cirrhotic livers, the increase in GIV protein level parallelled with the elevated p-Erk1/2 and Egr1 levels in HSCs. In summary, the unusual signal transducer GIV was identified as an important mediator in leptin-induced liver fibrosis. GIV may have significant implications in liver fibrosis progression of obese patients with hyperleptinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), 500 Yonghe Road, Nantong 226011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sidan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huang Jie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Swilley C, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Xu X, Liu M, Zimmerman K, Xie H. Sex-Linked Growth Disorder and Aberrant Pituitary Gene Expression in Nestin-Cre-Mediated Egr1 Conditional Knockout Mice. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:966. [PMID: 37508396 PMCID: PMC10376842 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Genes that regulate hormone release are essential for maintaining metabolism and energy balance. Egr1 encodes a transcription factor that regulates hormone production and release, and a decreased in growth hormones has been reported in Egr1 knockout mice. A reduction in growth hormones has also been observed in Nestin-Cre mice, a model frequently used to study the nervous system. Currently, it is unknown how Egr1 loss or the Nestin-Cre driver disrupt pituitary gene expression. Here, we compared the growth curves and pituitary gene expression profiles of Nestin-Cre-mediated Egr1 conditional knockout (Egr1cKO) mice with those of their controls. Reduced body weight was observed in both the Nestin-Cre and Egr1cKO mice, and the loss of Egr1 had a slightly more severe impact on female mice than on male mice. RNA-seq data analyses revealed that the sex-related differences were amplified in the Nestin-Cre-mediated Egr1 conditional knockout mice. Additionally, in the male mice, the influence of Egr1cKO on pituitary gene expression may be overridden by the Nestin-Cre driver. Differentially expressed genes associated with the Nestin-Cre driver were significantly enriched for genes related to growth factor activity and binding. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Nestin-Cre and the loss of Egr1 in the neuronal cell lineage have distinct impacts on pituitary gene expression in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Swilley
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yuze Zheng
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiguang Xu
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kurt Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Epigenomics and Computational Biology Lab, Fralin Life Sciences Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Translational Biology, Medicine and Health Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Kim D, Ban KY, Lee GH, Jun HS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Podocyte Pyroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy by an Increase of Egr1 Expression via Downregulation of EzH2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9968. [PMID: 37373116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte damage and renal inflammation are the main features and pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 1 (LPAR1) suppresses glomerular inflammation and improves DN. Herein, we investigated LPA-induced podocyte damage and its underlying mechanisms in DN. We investigated the effects of AM095, a specific LPAR1 inhibitor, on podocytes from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. E11 cells were treated with LPA in the presence or absence of AM095, and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome factors and pyroptosis were measured. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and Western blotting were performed to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms. Gene knockdown by transfecting small interfering RNA was used to determine the role of the transcription factor Egr1 (early growth response protein 1) and histone methyltransferase EzH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) in LPA-induced podocyte injury. AM095 administration inhibited podocyte loss, NLRP3 inflammasome factor expression, and cell death in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In E11 cells, LPA increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis via LPAR1. Egr1 mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in LPA-treated E11 cells. LPA decreased H3K27me3 enrichment at the Egr1 promoter in E11 cells by downregulating EzH2 expression. EzH2 knockdown further increased LPA-induced Egr1 expression. In podocytes from STZ-induced diabetic mice, AM095 suppressed Egr1 expression increase and EzH2/H3K27me3 expression reduction. Collectively, these results demonstrate that LPA induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation by downregulating EzH2/H3K27me3 and upregulating Egr1 expression, resulting in podocyte damage and pyroptosis, which may be a potential mechanism of DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Yun Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Veremeyko T, Jiang R, He M, Ponomarev ED. Complement C4-deficient mice have a high mortality rate during PTZ-induced epileptic seizures, which correlates with cognitive problems and the deficiency in the expression of Egr1 and other immediate early genes. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1170031. [PMID: 37234916 PMCID: PMC10206007 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system plays an important role in the immune defense against pathogens; however, recent studies demonstrated an important role of complement subunits C1q, C4, and C3 in normal functions of the central nervous system (CNS) such as non-functional synapse elimination (synapse pruning), and during various neurologic pathologies. Humans have two forms of C4 protein encoded by C4A and C4B genes that share 99.5% homology, while mice have only one C4B gene that is functionally active in the complement cascade. Overexpression of the human C4A gene was shown to contribute to the development of schizophrenia by mediating extensive synapse pruning through the activation C1q-C4-C3 pathway, while C4B deficiency or low levels of C4B expression were shown to relate to the development of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders possibly via other mechanisms not related to synapse elimination. To investigate the potential role of C4B in neuronal functions not related to synapse pruning, we compared wildtype (WT) mice with C3- and C4B- deficient animals for their susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- induced epileptic seizures. We found that C4B (but not C3)-deficient mice were highly susceptible to convulsant and subconvulsant doses of PTZ when compared to WT controls. Further gene expression analysis revealed that in contrast to WT or C3-deficient animals, C4B-deficient mice failed to upregulate expressions of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) Egrs1-4, c-Fos, c-Jus, FosB, Npas4, and Nur77 during epileptic seizures. Moreover, C4B-deficient mice had low levels of baseline expression of Egr1 on mRNA and protein levels, which was correlated with the cognitive problems of these animals. C4-deficient animals also failed to upregulate several genes downstream of IEGs such as BDNF and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Taken together, our study demonstrates a new role of C4B in the regulation of expression of IEGs and their downstream targets during CNS insults such as epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Yin F, Liu Z, Zhang D, Shen Z, Niu Z, Guo L. Identification of key genes involved in neural regeneration and the repairing effect of BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114293. [PMID: 36736275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can repair spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII); however, only a few BMSCs are usually located in the injured spinal cord. Since the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote neural development and maturation, we hypothesised that BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs can ameliorate SCII more effectively than BMSCs alone. To determine the effect of BDNF overexpression on SCII repair, BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs and BMSCs were transplanted into SCII rats. Our results revealed that BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs can better promote the recovery of damaged spinal cords than BMSCs alone. Gene chip detection of spinal cord tissues showed 803 differentially expressed genes in all groups. BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (Btg2), FOS like 2 (Fosl2), early growth response protein 1 (Egr1), and serpin family E member 1 (Serpine1) were identified as key interrelated genes based on their expression trends, as validated via quantitative PCR and protein-protein interaction network analysis. A co-expression network was constructed to further explore the role of the candidate key genes using Pearson correlation analysis. Cluster 5 was identified as the key cluster using community discovery algorithms. Functional analysis of Cluster 5 genes revealed that this cluster was mainly involved in the stress-activated MAPK cascade, p38MAPK cascade, and apoptosis. Notably, Egr1 may play an important role in SCII repair as the top hub gene in Cluster 5. Therefore, the repair activity of transplanted BDNF-overexpressed BMSCs in SCII rats is better than that of BMSCs alone, which may be regulated by the interactions between Btg2, Fosl2, Egr1, Serpine1, and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zhubin Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Zefeng Niu
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, NO.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Huang YT, Wu YF, Wang HK, Yao CCJ, Chiu YH, Sun JS, Chao YH. Cyclic mechanical stretch regulates the AMPK/ Egr1 pathway in tenocytes via Ca2+-mediated mechanosensing. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:590-602. [PMID: 35229695 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2044321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanical stimuli are essential for the maintenance of tendon tissue homeostasis. The study aims to elucidate the mechanobiological mechanisms underlying the maintenance of tenocyte homeostasis by cyclic mechanical stretch under high-glucose (HG) condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary tenocytes were isolated from rat Achilles tendon and 2D-cultured under HG condition. The in vitro effects of a single bout, 2-h cyclic biaxial stretch session (1 Hz, 8%) on primary rat tenocytes were explored through Flexcell system. Cell viability, tenogenic gene expression, intracellular calcium concentration, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, and signaling pathway activation were analyzed in tenocytes with or without mechanical stretch. RESULTS Mechanical stretch increased tenocyte proliferation and upregulated early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) expression. An increase in intracellular calcium was observed after 30 min of stretching. Mechanical stretch phosphorylated FAK, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time-dependent manner, and these effects were abrogated after blocking intracellular calcium. Inhibition of FAK, CaMKK2, and AMPK downregulated the expression of Egr1. In addition, mechanical stretch reinforced cytoskeletal organization via calcium (Ca2+)/FAK signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that mechanical stretch-induced calcium influx activated CaMKK2/AMPK signaling and FAK-cytoskeleton reorganization, thereby promoting the expression of Egr1, which may help maintain tendon cell characteristics and homeostasis in the context of diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Wu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsing-Kuo Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Heng Chiu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Chao
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xu W, Dahlke SP, Sung M, Samal B, Emery AC, Elkahloun A, Eiden LE. ERK-dependent induction of the immediate-early gene Egr1 and the late gene Gpr50 contribute to two distinct phases of PACAP Gs-GPCR signaling for neuritogenesis. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13182. [PMID: 35841324 PMCID: PMC9529758 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gs-coupled GPCR-stimulated neuritogenesis in PC12 and NS-1 - cells depends on activation of the MAP kinase ERK. Here, we examine changes in ERK activation (phosphorylation), and the time course of ERK-dependent gene induction, to seek transcriptional determinants for this process. Quenching of ERK activation by inhibition of MEK with U0126 at any time point for at least 24 h following addition of PACAP resulted in arrest of neurite formation. Changes in the transcriptome profile throughout this time period revealed at least two phases of gene induction: an early phase dominated by induction of immediate-early genes, and a later phase of gene induction after 4-6 h of exposure to PACAP with persistent elevation of phospho-ERK levels. Genes induced by PACAP in both phases consisted in those whose induction was dependent on ERK (i.e., blocked by U0126), and some whose induction was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89. ERK-dependent "late gene" transcripts included Gpr50, implicated earlier in facilitation of NGF-induced neurite formation in NS-1 cells. Gpr50 induction by PACAP, but not NGF, was dependent on the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RapGEF2, which has been shown to be required for PACAP-induced neuritogenesis in NS-1 cells. Expression of a Gpr50-directed shRNA lowered basal levels of Gpr50 mRNA and attenuated Gpr50 mRNA and GPR50 protein induction by PACAP, with a corresponding attenuation of PACAP-induced neuritogenesis. Gs-GPCR-stimulated neuritogenesis first requires immediate-early gene induction, including that of Egr1 (Zif268/NGF1A/Krox24) as previously reported. This early phase of gene induction, however, is insufficient to maintain the neuritogenic process without ERK-dependent induction of additional late genes, including Gpr50, upon continuous exposure to neurotrophic neuropeptide. Early (Egr1) and late (Gpr50) gene induction by NGF, like that for PACAP, was inhibited by U0126, but was independent of RapGEF2, confirming distinct modes of ERK activation by Gs-coupled GPCRs and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinases, converging on a final common ERK-dependent signaling pathway for neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xu
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Sam P. Dahlke
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Michelle Sung
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Babru Samal
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Andrew C. Emery
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lee E. Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
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10
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Wei M, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Huang Z, Miao H, Zhang T, Lu B, Ji L. HMGB1 induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis: The key regulation of early growth response factor 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130202. [PMID: 35820641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis has been the focus and difficulty of medical research in the world and its concrete pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to observe the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced hepatic endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) during the development of hepatic fibrosis, and further to explore the crucial involvement of Egr1 in this process. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), diosbulbin B (DB), N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) and bile duct ligation (BDL) were used to induce liver fibrosis in mice. Serum HMGB1 content, the occurrence of EndoMT and the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro and in vivo were detected by Western-blot. RESULTS The elevated serum HMGB1 content, the occurrence of EndoMT, the production of ECM and the activation of Egr1 were observed in mice with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, DB, APAP or BDL. HMGB1 induced EndoMT and ECM production in human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs), and then HHSECs lost the ability to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The hepatic deposition of collagen, the increased serum HMGB1 content and hepatic EndoMT were further aggravated in Egr1 knockout mice. Natural compound silymarin attenuated liver fibrosis in mice induced by CCl4 via increasing Egr1 nuclear accumulation, decreasing serum HMGB1 content and inhibiting hepatic EndoMT. CONCLUSION Egr1 regulated the expression of HMGB1 that induced hepatic EndoMT, which plays an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Miao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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11
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Brito V, Montalban E, Sancho-Balsells A, Pupak A, Flotta F, Masana M, Ginés S, Alberch J, Martin C, Girault JA, Giralt A. Hippocampal Egr1-Dependent Neuronal Ensembles Negatively Regulate Motor Learning. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5346-5360. [PMID: 35610044 PMCID: PMC9270920 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2258-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor skills learning is classically associated with brain regions including cerebral and cerebellar cortices and basal ganglia nuclei. Less is known about the role of the hippocampus in the acquisition and storage of motor skills. Here, we show that mice receiving a long-term training in the accelerating rotarod display marked hippocampal transcriptional changes and reduced pyramidal neurons activity in the CA1 region when compared with naive mice. Then, we use mice in which neural ensembles are permanently labeled in an Egr1 activity-dependent fashion. Using these mice, we identify a subpopulation of Egr1-expressing pyramidal neurons in CA1 activated in short-term (STT) and long-term (LTT) trained mice in the rotarod task. When Egr1 is downregulated in the CA1 or these neuronal ensembles are depleted, motor learning is improved whereas their chemogenetic stimulation impairs motor learning performance. Thus, Egr1 organizes specific CA1 neuronal ensembles during the accelerating rotarod task that limit motor learning. These evidences highlight the role of the hippocampus in the control of this type of learning and we provide a possible underlying mechanism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is a major topic in neurosciences the deciphering of the specific circuits underlying memory systems during the encoding of new information. However, the potential role of the hippocampus in the control of motor learning and the underlying mechanisms has been poorly addressed. In the present work we show how the hippocampus responds to motor learning and how the Egr1 molecule is one of the major responsible for such phenomenon controlling the rate of motor coordination performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
| | - Anika Pupak
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
| | - Francesca Flotta
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
| | - Mercè Masana
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Claire Martin
- Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche -S 1270, Paris 75005, France
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
- Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain, 28029 Madrid
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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12
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Chu YB, Li J, Jia P, Cui J, Zhang R, Kang X, Lv M, Zhang S. Irf1- and Egr1-activated transcription plays a key role in macrophage polarization: A multiomics sequencing study with partial validation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108072. [PMID: 34426111 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage polarization has a causal role in the pathogenesis and resolution of various clinical diseases. DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) have been identified as essential factors during gene transcription. Better insight into the TFs that regulate macrophage polarization could provide novel therapeutic targets. METHODS IFN-γ (50 ng/mL) or IL4 (20 ng/mL) was utilized to stimulate bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice for 24 h for M1- and M2-polarized macrophage model construction, respectively. First, ATAC-seq (Assay for Targeting Accessible-Chromatin with high throughout sequencing) and motif analysis were conducted to identify potential transcription factors (TFs) involved in M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. Second, essential TFs were identified through RNA-seq, after which, their expression was compared between M0-polarized and M1/M2-polarized macrophages. Furthermore, a multiomic analysis of RNA-seq (siRNA knock down of the identified TFs), ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq was utilized to explore the TF-regulated molecular network. GO and KEGG analyses were used to expound the main functions of the TF-regulated molecular network. Finally, the top 5 TF-regulated genes were validated through flow cytometry, ELISA and qPCR. The cut-off values for high-throughput sequencing and qPCR were FDR < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively. RESULTS Compared with M0 macrophages, 10,771 and 4,848 peaks were identified by ATAC-seq during M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, respectively (FDR < 0.05). Fifty and 62 TF binding motifs were identified for the TFs that participate in M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, respectively. The most significantly highly expressed TFs in M1 and M2 macrophages were identified by RNA-seq as Irf1 and Egr1, with LogFC values of 3.2 and 2.8, respectively. Multiomic analyses further found that Irf1 regulated the transcription of 90 genes and that Egr1 regulated the transcription of 116 genes. The Irf1-regulated molecular network played a key role in the inflammatory response and viral defence of M1 macrophages, and 116 Egr1-regulated genes included anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation genes. Validation experiments indicated that IFN-γ-induced Gbp5, Nos2, CD86, Cxcl10 and Cxcl5 expression was significantly downregulated in siIrf1-BMDMs, and IL4-induced Itgax, Nipal1, Bhlhe40, CD206 and Ffar4 expression was significantly downregulated in siEgr1-BMDMs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Through multiomic analyses of epigenetic sequencing and RNA-seq with partial validation, the current study found that Irf1- and Egr1-induced transcription plays key roles in M1 and M2 macrophage polarization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Biao Chu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Pingdong Jia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiyun Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xueli Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Shi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dedoni S, Marras L, Olianas MC, Ingianni A, Onali P. The Neurotrophin Receptor TrkC as a Novel Molecular Target of the Antineuroblastoma Action of Valproic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157790. [PMID: 34360553 PMCID: PMC8346142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins and their receptors are relevant factors in controlling neuroblastoma growth and progression. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to downregulate TrkB and upregulate the p75NTR/sortilin receptor complex. In the present study, we investigated the VPA effect on the expression of the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor TrkC, a favorable prognostic marker of neuroblastoma. We found that VPA induced the expression of both full-length and truncated (TrkC-T1) isoforms of TrkC in human neuroblastoma cell lines without (SH-SY5Y) and with (Kelly, BE(2)-C and IMR 32) MYCN amplification. VPA enhanced cell surface expression of the receptor and increased Akt and ERK1/2 activation by NT-3. The HDAC inhibitors entinostat, romidepsin and vorinostat also increased TrkC in SH-SY5Y, Kelly and BE(2)-C but not IMR 32 cells. TrkC upregulation by VPA involved induction of RUNX3, stimulation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and ERK1/2-mediated Egr1 expression. In SH-SY5Y cell monolayers and spheroids the exposure to NT-3 enhanced the apoptotic cascade triggered by VPA. Gene silencing of both TrkC-T1 and p75NTR prevented the NT-3 proapoptotic effect. Moreover, NT-3 enhanced p75NTR/TrkC-T1 co-immunoprecipitation. The results indicate that VPA upregulates TrkC by activating epigenetic mechanisms and signaling pathways, and sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to NT-3-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.D.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Luisa Marras
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (L.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Maria C. Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.D.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Angela Ingianni
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (L.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.D.); (M.C.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang HN, Ji K, Zhang LN, Xie CC, Li WY, Zhao ZF, Chen JJ. Inhibition of c-Fos expression attenuates IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation by counteracting an inhibitory AP1/ Egr1/IL-4 axis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:261. [PMID: 34130714 PMCID: PMC8207675 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activator protein-1 (AP1), a c-Fos–JUN transcription factor complex, mediates many cytobiological processes. c-Fos has been implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E activation of mast cells (MCs) via high-affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) binding. This study examined c-Fos involvement in MC activation and tested the effects of the c-Fos/AP1 inhibitor T-5224 on MCs activation and allergic responses. Methods In vitro studies were conducted with two MC model systems: rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBLs) and mouse bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs). MC degranulation and effector functions were examined with β-hexosaminidase release and cytokine secretion assays. c-Fos/AP1 was inhibited with T-5224. c-Fos activity was suppressed with short hairpin RNA targeting c-Fos (shFos). In vivo immune responses were evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) models, as well as in an oxazolone (OXA)-induced model of atopic dermatitis, a common allergic disease. Results c-Fos expression was elevated transcriptionally and translationally in IgE-stimulated MCs. c-Fos binding of the Egr1 (early growth response 1) promoter upregulated Egr1 transcription, leading to production of interleukin (IL)4. T-5224 reduced FcεRI-mediated MC degranulation (evidenced by β-hexosaminidase activity and histamine levels) and diminished EGR1 and IL4 expression. T-5224 attenuated IgE-mediated allergic responses in PCA and ASA models, and it suppressed MC-mediated atopic dermatitis in mice. Conclusion IgE binding can activate MCs via a c-Fos/Egr1/IL-4 axis. T-5224 suppresses MC activation in vitro and in vivo and thus represents a promising potential strategy for targeting MC activation to treat allergic diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02932-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Na Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunmei Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Chu Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Fu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory Department of South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, No. 1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Q, Zuo H, Yu S, Lin Y, Chen S, Liu H, Chen Z. RUNX2 co-operates with EGR1 to regulate osteogenic differentiation through Htra1 enhancers. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8601-8612. [PMID: 32324256 PMCID: PMC8895429 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) has been shown to regulate osteoblast differentiation by directly or indirectly regulating numerous osteoblast-related genes. However, our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms of RUNX2 is mainly restricted to its transactivation, while the mechanism underlying its inhibitory effect during osteoblast differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, we incorporated the anti-RUNX2 chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing in MC3T3-E1 cells and RNA-sequencing of parietal bone from Runx2 heterozygous mutant mice, to identify the putative genes negatively regulated by RUNX2. We identified HtrA serine peptidase 1 (Htra1) as a target gene and found ten candidate Htra1 enhancers potentially regulated by RUNX2, among which seven were verified by dual-luciferase assays. Furthermore, we investigated the motifs in the vicinity of RUNX2-binding sites and identified early growth response 1 (EGR1) as a potential partner transcription factor (TF) potentially regulating Htra1 expression, which was subsequently confirmed by Re-ChIP assays. RUNX2 and EGR1 co-repressed Htra1 and increased the expression levels of other osteoblast marker genes, such as osterix, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin at the messenger RNA and protein level. Moreover, Alizarin red staining combined with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining showed decreased calcified nodules and ALP activity in the siRUNX2+siEGR1 group compared with siRUNX2 group. Our findings revealed the detailed mechanism of the inhibitory function of RUNX2 towards its downstream genes, along with its partner TFs, to promote osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaitong Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lin H, You B, Lin X, Wang X, Zhou D, Chen Z, Chen Y, Wang R. Silencing of long non-coding RNA Sox2ot inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells in abdominal aortic aneurysm via microRNA-145-mediated Egr1 inhibition. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12684-12702. [PMID: 32629426 PMCID: PMC7377859 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been largely reported to contribute to the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a common vascular degenerative disease. The present study was set out with the aim to investigate the possible role of lncRNA Sox2ot in the development of AAA. In this study, we found that lncRNA Sox2ot and early growth response factor-1 (Egr1) were highly expressed, while microRNA (miR)-145 was poorly expressed in Ang II-induced AAA mice and oxidative stress-provoked vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) model. Egr1 was a potential target gene of miR-145, and lncRNA Sox2ot could competitively bind to miR-145 to upregulate Egr1 expression. Overexpression of miR-145-5p was found to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting Egr1 both in vivo and in vitro, which was counteracted by lncRNA Sox2ot. Taken together, the present study provides evidence that downregulation of lncRNA Sox2ot suppressed the expression of Egr1 through regulating miR-145, thus inhibiting the development of AAA, highlighting a theoretical basis for AAA treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/cytology
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Gene Silencing
- Inflammation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyu Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Bin You
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Imaging, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxiang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P.R. China
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17
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Zhao C, Chang L, Auger AP, Gammie SC, Riters LV. Mu opioid receptors in the medial preoptic area govern social play behavior in adolescent male rats. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 19:e12662. [PMID: 32388931 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural systems underlying important behaviors are usually highly conserved across species. The medial preoptic area (MPOA) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in reward associated with affiliative, nonsexual, social communication in songbirds. However, the role of MPOA in affiliative, rewarding social behaviors (eg, social play behavior) in mammals remains largely unknown. Here we applied our insights from songbirds to rats to determine whether opioids in the MPOA govern social play behavior in rats. Using an immediate early gene (ie, Egr1, early growth response 1) expression approach, we identified increased numbers of Egr1-labeled cells in the MPOA after social play in adolescent male rats. We also demonstrated that cells expressing mu opioid receptors (MORs, gene name Oprm1) in the MPOA displayed increased Egr1 expression when adolescent rats were engaged in social play using double immunofluorescence labeling of MOR and Egr1. Furthermore, using short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing we revealed that knockdown of Oprm1 in the MPOA reduced the number of total play bouts and the frequency of pouncing. Last, RNA sequencing differential gene expression analysis identified genes involved in neuronal signaling with altered expression after Oprm1 knockdown, and identified Egr1 as potentially a key modulator for Oprm1 in the regulation of social play behavior. Altogether, these results show that the MPOA is involved in social play behavior in adolescent male rats and support the hypothesis that the MPOA is part of a conserved neural circuit across vertebrates in which opioids act to govern affiliative, intrinsically rewarded social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiu Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Liza Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anthony P Auger
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen C Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lauren V Riters
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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18
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Feng YH, Su YC, Lin SF, Lin PR, Wu CL, Tung CL, Li CF, Shieh GS, Shiau AL. Oct4 upregulates osteopontin via Egr1 and is associated with poor outcome in human lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:791. [PMID: 31399076 PMCID: PMC6688208 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Roles of cancer stem cells and early growth response gene 1 (Egr1) in carcinogenesis have been extensively studied in lung cancer. However, the role of Egr1 in the metastasis of lung cancer remains undetermined, especially in regard to stem cell-related pathways. Methods Egr1, osteopontin (OPN) and Oct4 expression in human lung cancer was determined by performing immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting, ELISA, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RT-PCR were performed to validate the regulation of Oct4-Egr1-OPN axis. Moreover, the effect of Oct4-Egr1-OPN axis on lung cancer progression was evaluated by cell migration assay and mice study. Results We detected Oct4, Egr1, and OPN expression in clinical specimens from 79 lung cancer patients, including 72 adenocarcinomas and 7 squamous cell carcinomas. High expression of Oct4, Egr1, and OPN accounted for 53, 51, and 57% of the patients, respectively. All of the three biomarkers were positively correlated in clinical human lung cancer. Patients with high expression of OPN were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survivals than those with low expression of OPN (p < 0.05). In lung cancer cells, Oct4 transactivated the Egr1 promoter and upregulated Egr1 expression. In a human lung cancer xenograft model, Oct4-overexpressing tumors expressed elevated levels of Egr1. Furthermore, overexpression of Oct4 in lung cancer cells increased the metastatic potential. Conclusions Egr1 exerts a promoting effect on cancer metastasis in Oct4-overexpressing lung cancer. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting the Oct4/Egr1/OPN axis may be further explored for the treatment of lung cancer, especially when lung cancer is refractory to conventional treatment due to cancer stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6014-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsun Feng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chu Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Fu Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Ru Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Tung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Shing Shieh
- Department of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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19
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Kato M, Sato K, Habuta M, Fujita H, Bando T, Morizane Y, Shiraga F, Miyaishi S, Ohuchi H. Localization of the ultraviolet-sensor Opn5m and its effect on myopia-related gene expression in the late-embryonic chick eye. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100665. [PMID: 31463372 PMCID: PMC6709407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light suppresses ocular elongation, which causes myopia development. However, the specific mechanisms of this process have not been elucidated. A UV-sensor, Opsin 5 (Opn5) mRNA was shown to be present in extraretinal tissues. To test the possibility that UV-signals mediated by Opn5 would have a direct effect on the outer connective tissues of the eye, we first examined the expression patterns of a mammalian type Opn5 (Opn5m) in the late-embryonic chicken eye. Quantitative PCR showed Opn5m mRNA expression in the cornea and sclera. The anti-Opn5m antibody stained a small subset of cells in the corneal stroma and fibrous sclera. We next assessed the effect of UV-A (375 nm) irradiation on the chicken fibroblast cell line DF-1 overexpressing chicken Opn5m. UV-A irradiation for 30 min significantly increased the expression of Early growth response 1 (Egr1), known as an immediate early responsive gene, and of Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2) in the presence of retinal chromophore 11-cis-retinal. In contrast, expression of Transforming growth factor beta 2 and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 was not significantly altered. These results indicate that UV-A absorption by Opn5m can upregulate the expression levels of Egr1 and Mmp2 in non-neuronal, fibroblasts. Taken together with the presence of Opn5m in the cornea and sclera, it is suggested that UV-A signaling mediated by Opn5 in the extraretinal ocular tissues could influence directly the outer connective tissues of the chicken late-embryonic eye. Opsin 5 (Opn5) is a non-visual ultraviolet-A (UV-A) absorbing photopigment. We found an Opn5 (Opn5m) is present in cornea and sclera of late-embryonic chick. UV-A absorption by Opn5m upregulated Egr1 and Mmp2 expression in chick fibroblasts. UV-A signaling via Opn5m may have a direct effect on the ocular fibroblasts.
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Key Words
- Chicken
- Egr1
- Egr1, Early growth response 1
- Fibroblasts
- Gapdh, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- Mmp2
- Mmp2, Matrix metalloproteinase 2
- Opn5, Opsin 5
- Opn5m, mammalian type Opn5
- Opsin 5
- Tgfb2, Transforming growth factor beta 2
- Timp2, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2
- UV, ultraviolet
- UV-A, ultraviolet-A
- UV-Absorbing pigment
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Kato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Munenori Habuta
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujita
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Bando
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Morizane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumio Shiraga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyaishi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hideyo Ohuchi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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20
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Ao H, Liu B, Li H, Lu L. Egr1 mediates retinal vascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus via promoting p53 transcription. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3345-3356. [PMID: 30887692 PMCID: PMC6484413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study focused on investigating the expression and underlying molecular mechanism of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in diabetic retinopathy. Methods A microarray assay was applied to examine differentially expressed genes in the retina tissues of normal rats, as well as in those of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRVECs) transfected with sh‐NC, sh‐Egr1 or sh‐Egr1+ pVax1‐p53 were cultured under high‐glucose conditions and then used to explore the role of Egr1 in vitro. The effect of Egr1 on retinal vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes was examined by sh‐Egr1 administration in vivo Results Early growth response 1 was found to be up‐regulated in the retinas of diabetic rats compared to those of normal rats. Down‐regulation of Egr1 in HRVECs under high‐glucose conditions inhibited the apoptosis, migration and tube formation in vitro. Moreover, sh‐Egr1 partially reduced the injurious effects of hyperglycaemia on retinal vascular function by decreasing apoptotic cells and microvascular formation in vivo. The reduction of Egr1 evidently down‐regulated the p53 expression. Overexpression of p53 rescued the inhibition of sh‐Egr1 in HRVECs under high‐glucose concentration on apoptosis, migration and tube formation in vitro. Conclusion Down‐regulation of Egr1 partially reduced the injurious effects of hyperglycaemia on retinal vascular function via inhibiting p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Garrel G, Denoyelle C, L'Hôte D, Picard JY, Teixeira J, Kaiser UB, Laverrière JN, Cohen-Tannoudji J. GnRH Transactivates Human AMH Receptor Gene via Egr1 and FOXO1 in Gonadotrope Cells. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:65-83. [PMID: 30368511 DOI: 10.1159/000494890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling is critical for sexual differentiation and gonadal function. AMH receptor type 2 (AMHR2) is expressed in extragonadal sites such as brain, and pituitary and emerging evidence indicates that AMH biological action is much broader than initially thought. We recently reported that AMH signaling enhances follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis in pituitary gonadotrope cells. However, mechanisms regulating AMHR2 expression in these extragonadal sites remain to be explored. METHOD/RESULTS Here, we demonstrated in perifused murine LβT2 gonadotrope cells that Amhr2 expression is differentially regulated by GnRH pulse frequency with an induction under high GnRH pulsatility. Furthermore, we showed that GnRH transactivates the human AMHR2 promoter in LβT2 cells. Successive deletions of the promoter revealed the importance of a short proximal region (-53/-37 bp) containing an Egr1 binding site. Using site-directed mutagenesis of Egr1 motif and siRNA mediated-knockdown of Egr1, we demonstrated that Egr1 mediates basal and GnRH-dependent activity of the promoter, identifying Egr1 as a new transcription factor controlling hAMHR2 expression. We also showed that SF1 and β-catenin are required for basal promoter activity and demonstrated that both factors contribute to the GnRH stimulatory effect, independently of their respective binding sites. Furthermore, using a constitutively active mutant of FOXO1, we identified FOXO1 as a negative regulator of basal and GnRH-dependent AMHR2 expression in gonadotrope cells. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies GnRH as a regulator of human AMHR2 expression, further highlighting the importance of AMH signaling in the regulation of gonadotrope function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope U1133, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Denoyelle
- Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope U1133, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - David L'Hôte
- Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope U1133, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Picard
- Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope U1133, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jose Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-Noël Laverrière
- Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope U1133, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Physiologie de l'axe gonadotrope U1133, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris,
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22
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is elevated in several types of cancers. However, the role of BAG3 in progression of gastric cancer is unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to find out the role of BAG3 in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated tumor progression and the molecular mechanisms by which HGF regulates BAG3 expression. METHODS: BAG3 mRNA and protein were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in the 2 human gastric cancer cell lines, NUGC3 and MKN28, treated with or without HGF. The effects of BAG3 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the in vitro 2-chamber invasion assay, and flow cytometry in BAG3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transfected cells and control cells. The signaling pathways involved in BAG3 that are regulated by HGF were analyzed. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine binding of Egr1 to the BAG3 promoter. RESULTS: BAG3 mRNA and protein levels were increased following treatment with HGF. HGF-mediated BAG3 upregulation increased cell proliferation and cell invasion; however, it decreased apoptosis. HGF-mediated BAG3 upregulation is regulated by an ERK and Egr1-dependent pathway. BAG3 may have an important role in HGF-mediated cell proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer through an ERK and Egr1-dependent pathway. CONCLUSION: This pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets and provide information for further identification of other targets of therapeutic significance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chang Lee
- 1 Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ae Koh
- 1 Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- 1 Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,3 Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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23
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Lu K, Shi TS, Shen SY, Lu WL, Wu J, Zhang KJ, Zhu XB, Shi Y, Liu XL, Yu F, Li L, Teng HJ, Gao X, Ju HX, Wang W, Li CJ, Jiang Q, Xue B. Egr1 deficiency disrupts dynamic equilibrium of chondrocyte extracellular matrix through PPARγ/RUNX2 signaling pathways. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1620-1632. [PMID: 30018705 PMCID: PMC6038088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to investigate the effect of Egr1 on the mineralization and accumulation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix. METHODS The femoral heads of patients of various heights were collected. Egr1 knockout mice were used. Their limb lengtha nd body weight were assessed. The bone characteristics were detected by micro-CT scan and histological staining. Immature murine articular chondrocytes (iMACs) were isolated. Gross morphology was observed by histological staining. Relevant mRNA and protein expression were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. the related proteins were observed by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assay were also used. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS It was found that shorter patients had reduced Egr1 expression levels in the hypertrophic cartilage zone of the femoral head. In addition, Egr1 knockout mice exhibited reduced body size. Micro-CT analysis showed that these mice also had reduced bone volume. Safranin-O staining showed that the extracellular matrix of these mice exhibited a relatively limited degree of mineralization, and TUNEL staining showed reduced cell apoptosis levels. After transfecting the iMACs with dominant-negative Egr1 adenoviruses to inhibit Egr1, the enzymes of Adamst4, Adamst5, Mmp3 and Mmp13 were significantly upregulated. ChIP and luciferase assays revealed that Egr1 might regulate the chondrocyte extracellular matrix by the PPARγ/RUNX2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Egr1 has an important regulatory effect on the dynamic equilibrium of the chondrocyte extracellular matrix, which may be achieved through the PPARγ/RUNX2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Shu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Li Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jian Teng
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Huang-Xian Ju
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Liver Disease Collaborative Research Platform of Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Gallo FT, Katche C, Morici JF, Medina JH, Weisstaub NV. Immediate Early Genes, Memory and Psychiatric Disorders: Focus on c-Fos, Egr1 and Arc. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:79. [PMID: 29755331 PMCID: PMC5932360 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many psychiatric disorders, despite their specific characteristics, share deficits in the cognitive domain including executive functions, emotional control and memory. However, memory deficits have been in many cases undervalued compared with other characteristics. The expression of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs) such as, c-fos, Egr1 and arc are selectively and promptly upregulated in learning and memory among neuronal subpopulations in regions associated with these processes. Changes in expression in these genes have been observed in recognition, working and fear related memories across the brain. Despite the enormous amount of data supporting changes in their expression during learning and memory and the importance of those cognitive processes in psychiatric conditions, there are very few studies analyzing the direct implication of the IEGs in mental illnesses. In this review, we discuss the role of some of the most relevant IEGs in relation with memory processes affected in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco T Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Katche
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) Dr. Eduardo de Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan F Morici
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN) Dr. Eduardo de Robertis, Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Noelia V Weisstaub
- Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maifrede S, Magimaidas A, Sha X, Mukherjee K, Liebermann DA, Hoffman B. Loss of Egr1, a human del5q gene, accelerates BCR-ABL driven chronic myelogenous leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69281-69294. [PMID: 29050203 PMCID: PMC5642478 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that early growth response-1 (Egr1) gene, a zinc-finger transcription factor, behaves as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. This includes reports from this laboratory that constitutive Egr1 overrides leukemia conferred by deregulated c-Myc or E2F-1 in the M1 myeloid leukemic cell line by promoting differentiation. To investigate the effect of Egr1 on the initiation and progression of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), lethally irradiated syngeneic wild type mice were reconstituted with bone marrow (BM) from either wild type or Egr1 null mice transduced with a 210-kD BCR-ABL-expressing MSCV-retrovirus (bone marrow transplantation {BMT}). Loss of Egr1 was observed to accelerate the development of BCR-ABL driven leukemia in recipient mice, resulting in the development of a more aggressive disease, a significantly shortened median survival time, and increased BCR-ABL expressing leukemic stem/progenitor cells (GFP+Lin-cKit+Sca+). Egr1 deficient progenitors expressing BCR-ABL exhibited decreased apoptosis, and increased cell viability and proliferation relative to WT counterparts. Secondary BMT of BCR-ABL BM revealed that loss of Egr1 resulted in enrichment of LSCs, consistent with shorter survival time and more aggressive disease of these mice compared to WT counterparts. Furthermore, serial re-plating colony assays indicated that loss of Egr1 increased self-renewal ability of BCR-ABL expressing BM. These novel findings on the tumor suppressor role of Egr1 in CML provide the impetus to study the effect of altering Egr1 expression in AML, where the overall five year survival rate remains low. The effect of loss of Egr1 in CML could reflect its established functions in normal hematopoiesis, maintaining quiescence of HSCs and driving terminal differentiation to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Gain of function studies should validate these conclusions and provide further rationale for increased Egr1 as a therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maifrede
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Magimaidas
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Current address: Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaushiki Mukherjee
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Hoffman
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Imbe H, Kimura A. Attenuation of pCREB and Egr1 expression in the insular and anterior cingulate cortices associated with enhancement of CFA-evoked mechanical hypersensitivity after repeated forced swim stress. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:253-261. [PMID: 28866293 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The perception and response to pain are severely impacted by exposure to stressors. In some animal models, stress increases pain sensitivity, which is termed stress-induced hyperalgesia (SIH). The insular cortex (IC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which are typically activated by noxious stimuli, affect pain perception through the descending pain modulatory system. In the present study, we examined the expression of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and early growth response 1 (Egr1) in the IC and ACC at 3h (the acute phase of peripheral tissue inflammation) after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection in naïve rats and rats preconditioned with forced swim stress (FS) to clarify the effect of FS, a stressor, on cortical cell activities in the rats showing SIH induced by FS. The CFA injection into the hindpaw induced mechanical hypersensitivity and increased the expression of the pCREB and Egr1 in the IC and ACC at 3h after the injection. FS (day 1, 10min; days 2-3, 20min) prior to the CFA injection enhanced the CFA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and attenuated the increase in the expression of pCREB and Egr1 in the IC and ACC. These findings suggested that FS modulates the CFA injection-induced neuroplasticity in the IC and ACC to enhance the mechanical hypersensitivity. These findings are thought to signify stressor-induced dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imbe
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, 641-8509, Japan
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27
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Oh J, Wang Y, Chen S, Li P, Du N, Yu ZX, Butcher D, Gebregiorgis T, Strachan E, Lehmann OJ, Brooks BP, Chan CC, Leonard WJ. Genetic background-dependent role of Egr1 for eyelid development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7131-9. [PMID: 28778995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705848114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1 is an early growth response zinc finger transcription factor with broad actions, including in differentiation, mitogenesis, tumor suppression, and neuronal plasticity. Here we demonstrate that Egr1-/- mice on the C57BL/6 background have normal eyelid development, but back-crossing to BALB/c background for four or five generations resulted in defective eyelid development by day E15.5, at which time EGR1 was expressed in eyelids of WT mice. Defective eyelid formation correlated with profound ocular anomalies evident by postnatal days 1-4, including severe cryptophthalmos, microphthalmia or anophthalmia, retinal dysplasia, keratitis, corneal neovascularization, cataracts, and calcification. The BALB/c albino phenotype-associated Tyrc tyrosinase mutation appeared to contribute to the phenotype, because crossing the independent Tyrc-2J allele to Egr1-/- C57BL/6 mice also produced ocular abnormalities, albeit less severe than those in Egr1-/- BALB/c mice. Thus EGR1, in a genetic background-dependent manner, plays a critical role in mammalian eyelid development and closure, with subsequent impact on ocular integrity.
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Pang C, Shi L, Sheng Y, Zheng Z, Wei H, Wang Z, Ji L. Caffeic acid attenuated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting ERK1/2-mediated early growth response-1 transcriptional activation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:186-195. [PMID: 27720869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a natural compound abundant in fruits, coffee and plants. This study aims to investigate the involved mechanism of the therapeutic detoxification of CA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. CA (10, 30 mg/kg) was orally given to mice at 1 h after mice were pre-administrated with APAP (300 mg/kg). The therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was observed by detecting serum aminotransferases, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) amount and liver histological evaluation in vivo. CA reduced APAP-induced increase in the mRNA expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in hepatocytes, and inhibited APAP-induced Egr1 transcriptional activation in vitro and in vivo. CA reduced the increased expression of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (Gadd45)α induced by APAP in hepatocytes. Moreover, Egr1 siRNA reduced Gadd45α expression and reversed APAP-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Further results showed that CA blocked APAP-induced activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling cascade in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the application of ERK1/2 inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) abrogated the nuclear translocation of Egr1 induced by APAP in hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced liver injury, and the inhibition of CA on ERK1/2-mediated Egr1 transcriptional activation was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Belluscio LM, Alberca CD, Pregi N, Cánepa ET. Altered gene expression in hippocampus and depressive-like behavior in young adult female mice by early protein malnutrition. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 15:741-749. [PMID: 27555088 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal development represents a critical period in the life of an individual. A common cause of poor development is that which comes from undernutrition or malnutrition. In particular, protein deprivation during development has been shown to have deep deleterious effects on brain's growth and plasticity. Early-life stress has also been linked with an increased risk to develop different psychopathologies later in life. We have previously shown that perinatal protein malnutrition in mice leads to the appearance of anxiety-related behaviors in the adulthood. We also found evidence that the female offspring was more susceptible to the development of depression-related behaviors. In the present work, we further investigated this behavior together with its molecular bases. We focused our study on the hippocampus, as it is a structure involved in coping with stressful situations. We found an increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test in perinatally malnourished females, and an alteration in the expression of genes related with neuroplasticity, early growth response 1, calcineurin and c-fos. We also found that perinatal malnutrition causes a reduction in the number of neurons in the hippocampus. This reduction, together with altered gene expression, could be related to the increment in immobility time observed in the forced swimming test.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Belluscio
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C D Alberca
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - N Pregi
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Zheng Z, Shi L, Sheng Y, Zhang J, Lu B, Ji L. Chlorogenic acid suppresses monocrotaline-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: The potential contribution of NFκB, Egr1, Nrf2, MAPKs and PI3K signals. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 46:80-89. [PMID: 27438897 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a highly lethal liver disease. This study aims to observe the protection and its engaged mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against monocrotaline (MCT)-induced SOS. Results of detecting liver ascites, measuring serum transaminases, liver histological evaluation and scanning electron microscope observation all demonstrated that CGA prevented MCT-induced SOS in rats. CGA reduced MCT-induced increased liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA expression, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2,3,6,9 expression, and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) transcriptional activation. CGA also decreased MCT-induced early growth response1 (Egr1) activation. CGA reduced MCT-induced elevated liver malondialdehyde (MDA) amount and enhanced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). CGA blocked MCT-induced PI3K and MAPKs activation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the protection of CGA against MCT-induced SOS. Transcriptional factor NFκB, Egr1 and Nrf2-regulated inflammation, coagulation-fibrinolysis, and antioxidant, and PI3K and MAPKs all contribute to such protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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31
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Yang M, Teng W, Qu Y, Wang H, Yuan Q. Sulforaphene inhibits triple negative breast cancer through activating tumor suppressor Egr1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 158:277-86. [PMID: 27377973 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE, 4-methylsufinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate) is a member of isothiocyanates, which is derived from radish seeds. It has shown that multiple isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane, can effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. However, it is still largely unknown if SFE could impact breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of SFE on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) via a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. We found that SFE can significantly inhibit cell proliferation in multiple TNBC cell lines through inducing G2/M phase arrest as well as cell apoptosis. Nude mice xenograft assays support the anti-TNBC role of SFE in vivo. Interestingly, SFE can repress expression of cyclinB1, Cdc2, and phosphorylated Cdc2, and, then, induced G2/M phase arrest of TNBC cells. To identify SFE target genes, we detected genome-wide gene expression changes through gene expression profiling and observed 27 upregulated and 18 downregulated genes in MDA-MB-453 cells treated with SFE. Among these genes, Egr1 was successfully validated as a consistently activated gene after SFE treatment in TNBC MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-436 cells. Egr1 overexpression inhibited proliferation of TNBC cells. However, Egr1 knockdown using siRNAs significantly promoted TNBC cell growth, indicating the tumor suppressor nature of Egr1. In sum, we for the first time found that SFE might be a potential anti-TNBC natural compound and its antiproliferation effects might be mediated by tumor suppressor Egr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P. O. Box 75, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P. O. Box 75, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P. O. Box 75, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P. O. Box 75, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P. O. Box 75, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Zhu HY, Bai WD, Wang HT, Xie ST, Tao K, Su LL, Liu JQ, Yang XK, Li J, Wang YC, He T, Han JT, Hu DH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist inhibits collagen synthesis in human keloid fibroblasts by suppression of early growth response-1 expression through upregulation of miR-543 expression. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1358-1370. [PMID: 27429849 PMCID: PMC4937738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A keloid is a benign skin tumor formed by an overgrowth of granulation tissue in affected patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists were reported to be able to regulate extracellular matrix production in human dermal fibroblasts. This study explored the underlying molecular mechanism of PPAR-γ agonist troglitazone treatment for fibroblasts obtained from keloid patients. The data revealed that troglitazone treatment of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) downregulated the expression of early growth response-1 (Egr1) and collagen-1 (Col1). Level of Egr1 were closely associated with KF-induced fibrosis. The miRNA profiling data revealed that miR-543 was transcriptionally activated after troglitazone treatment. Bioinformatic analysis and experimental data showed that miR-543 was able to target Egr1. ELISA data confirmed that Col1 protein in the supernatant were modulated by the feedback regulatory axis of PPAR-γ agonist-induced miR-543 to inhibit Egr1 expression, whereas PPAR-γ antagonist treatment abolished such effect on Col1 suppression in KFs. This study demonstrated that the PPAR-γ agonist-mediated miR-543 and Egr1 signaling plays an important role in the suppression of collagen synthesis in KFs. Future in vivo studies are needed to confirm these in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yu Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Dong Bai
- Department of Hematology, Urumqi General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyUrumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong-Tao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song-Tao Xie
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Lin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Kang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Chuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Tao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Sysol JR, Natarajan V, Machado RF. PDGF induces SphK1 expression via Egr-1 to promote pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C983-92. [PMID: 27099350 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00059.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, life-threatening disease for which there is currently no curative treatment available. Pathologic changes in this disease involve remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, including marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Recently, the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its activating kinase, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), have been shown to be upregulated in PAH and promote PASMC proliferation. The mechanisms regulating the transcriptional upregulation of SphK1 in PASMCs are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a PAH-relevant stimuli associated with enhanced PASMC proliferation, on SphK1 expression regulation. In human PASMCs (hPASMCs), PDGF significantly increased SphK1 mRNA and protein expression and induced cell proliferation. Selective inhibition of SphK1 attenuated PDGF-induced hPASMC proliferation. In silico promoter analysis for SphK1 identified several binding sites for early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1), a PDGF-associated transcription factor. Luciferase assays demonstrated that PDGF activates the SphK1 promoter in hPASMCs, and truncation of the 5'-promoter reduced PDGF-induced SphK1 expression. Stimulation of hPASMCs with PDGF induced Egr-1 protein expression, and direct binding of Egr-1 to the SphK1 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Inhibition of ERK signaling prevented induction of Egr-1 by PDGF. Silencing of Egr-1 attenuated PDGF-induced SphK1 expression and hPASMC proliferation. These studies demonstrate that SphK1 is regulated by PDGF in hPASMCs via the transcription factor Egr-1, promoting cell proliferation. This novel mechanism of SphK1 regulation may be a therapeutic target in pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Sysol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Acquaah-Mensah GK, Taylor RC. Brain in situ hybridization maps as a source for reverse-engineering transcriptional regulatory networks: Alzheimer's disease insights. Gene 2016; 586:77-86. [PMID: 27050105 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microarray data have been a valuable resource for identifying transcriptional regulatory relationships among genes. As an example, brain region-specific transcriptional regulatory events have the potential of providing etiological insights into Alzheimer Disease (AD). However, there is often a paucity of suitable brain-region specific expression data obtained via microarrays or other high throughput means. The Allen Brain Atlas in situ hybridization (ISH) data sets (Jones et al., 2009) represent a potentially valuable alternative source of high-throughput brain region-specific gene expression data for such purposes. In this study, Allen Brain Atlas mouse ISH data in the hippocampal fields were extracted, focusing on 508 genes relevant to neurodegeneration. Transcriptional regulatory networks were learned using three high-performing network inference algorithms. Only 17% of regulatory edges from a network reverse-engineered based on brain region-specific ISH data were also found in a network constructed upon gene expression correlations in mouse whole brain microarrays, thus showing the specificity of gene expression within brain sub-regions. Furthermore, the ISH data-based networks were used to identify instructive transcriptional regulatory relationships. Ncor2, Sp3 and Usf2 form a unique three-party regulatory motif, potentially affecting memory formation pathways. Nfe2l1, Egr1 and Usf2 emerge among regulators of genes involved in AD (e.g. Dhcr24, Aplp2, Tia1, Pdrx1, Vdac1, and Syn2). Further, Nfe2l1, Egr1 and Usf2 are sensitive to dietary factors and could be among links between dietary influences and genes in the AD etiology. Thus, this approach of harnessing brain region-specific ISH data represents a rare opportunity for gleaning unique etiological insights for diseases such as AD.
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Wang J, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Gong S, Fang F, Wang Z. Overexpression of truncated AIF regulated by Egr1 promoter radiation-induced apoptosis on MCF-7 cells. Radiat Environ Biophys 2015; 54:413-421. [PMID: 26514806 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that gene-radiotherapy can improve the radiotherapy by selectively increasing cells' response to ionizing radiation. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein, and its C-terminal domain is responsible for the proapoptotic activity. In the present study, we overexpressed truncated AIF on MCF-7 cells by transfection of pcDNA3.1-tAIF (pc-tAIF) and pcDNA3.1-Egr1-tAIF (pc-Egr1-tAIF) plasmids. After MCF-7-tAIF cells were exposed to X-rays, the AIF and tAIF expressions, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle invasion, cytochrome c (Cyt c) release and activation of caspase-9 were measured by using Western blot, MTT assay, flow cytometry and Matrigel transwell assay, respectively. Our results showed that tAIF expression increased on time- and dose-dependent manners. Both tAIF and radiation can synergistically enhance the apoptosis, cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest and cell-invasive inhibition. In addition, tAIF overexpression and irradiation increased Cyt c release. However, only irradiation increased caspase-9 activation. Our studies indicated that tAIF overexpression might enhance apoptosis induced by radiation in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, The Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Guo B, Tian XC, Li DD, Yang ZQ, Cao H, Zhang QL, Liu JX, Yue ZP. Expression, regulation and function of Egr1 during implantation and decidualization in mice. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2626-40. [PMID: 25486203 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.943581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Early growth response gene 1 (Egr1), a zinc finger transcriptional factor, plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis. Current data have shown that Egr1 is involved in follicular development, ovulation, luteinization and placental angiogenesis. However, the expression, regulation and function of Egr1 in mouse uterus during embryo implantation and decidualization are poorly understood. Here we showed that Egr1 was strongly expressed in the subluminal stroma surrounding the implanting blastocyst on day 5 of pregnancy. Injection of Egr1 siRNA into the mouse uterine horn could obviously reduce the number of implanted embryos and affect the uterine vascular permeability. Further study found that Egr1 played a role through influencing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), transformation related protein 53 (Trp53) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (Mmp9) genes in the process of mouse embryo implantation. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) might direct the expression of Egr1 in the uterine stromal cells. Under in vivo and in vitro artificial decidualization, Egr1 expression was significantly decreased. Overexpression of Egr1 downregulated the expression of decidual marker decidual/trophoblast PRL-related protein (Dtprp) in the uterine stromal cells, while inhibition of Egr1 upregulated the expression of Dtprp under in vitro decidualization. Estrogen and progesterone could regulate the expression of Egr1 in the ovariectomized mouse uterus and uterine stromal cells. These results suggest that Egr1 may be essential for embryo implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- a College of Veterinary Medicine ; Jilin University ; Changchun , P. R. China
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Ko H, Kim JM, Kim SJ, Shim SH, Ha CH, Chang HI. Induction of apoptosis by genipin inhibits cell proliferation in AGS human gastric cancer cells via Egr1/p21 signaling pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4191-6. [PMID: 26283511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural compounds are becoming important candidates in cancer therapy due to their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells by inducing various types of programmed cell deaths. In this study, we investigated whether genipin induces programmed cell deaths and mediates in Egr1/p21 signaling pathways in gastric cancer cells. Effects of genipin in AGS cancer cell lines were observed via evaluation of cell viability, ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, and protein and RNA levels of p21, Egr1, as well as apoptotic marker genes. The cell viability of AGS cells reduced by genipin treatment via induction of the caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was observed at the G2/M phase along with induction of p21 and p21-dependent cyclins. As an upstream mediator of p21, the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr1) upregulated p21 through nuclear translocation and binding to the p21 promoter site. Silencing Egr1 expression inhibited the expression of p21 and downstream molecules involved in apoptosis. We demonstrated that genipin treatment in AGS human gastric cancer cell line induces apoptosis via p53-independent Egr1/p21 signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Min Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 86 Asanbyeoungwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Oh YK, Jang E, Paik DJ, Youn J. Early Growth Response-1 Plays a Non-redundant Role in the Differentiation of B Cells into Plasma Cells. Immune Netw 2015; 15:161-6. [PMID: 26140048 PMCID: PMC4486779 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response (Egr)-1 is a Cys2-His2-type zincfinger transcription factor. It has been shown to induce survival and proliferation of immature and mature B cells, respectively, but its role in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells remains unclear. To examine the effects of Egr-1 deficiency on the activation of B cells, naive B cells from Egr1-/- mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were activated to proliferate and differentiate, and then assayed by FACS. Proportions of cells undergoing proliferation and apoptosis did not differ between Egr1-/- and WT mice. However, Egr1-/- B cells gave rise to fewer plasma cells than WT B cells. Consistently, Egr1-/- mice produced significantly lower titer of antigen-specific IgG than their WT littermates upon immunization. Our results demonstrate that Egr-1 participates in the differentiation program of B cells into plasma cells, while it is dispensable for the proliferation and survival of mature B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Kyung Oh
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Paik
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Seo BJ, Son JW, Kim HR, Hong SH, Song H. Identification of egr1 direct target genes in the uterus by in silico analyses with expression profiles from mRNA microarray data. Dev Reprod 2015; 18:1-11. [PMID: 25949166 PMCID: PMC4282262 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2014.18.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (Egr1) is a zinc-finger transcription factor to direct second-wave gene expression leading to cell growth, differentiation and/or apoptosis. While it is well-known that Egr1 controls transcription of an array of targets in various cell types, downstream target gene(s) whose transcription is regulated by Egr1 in the uterus has not been identified yet. Thus, we have tried to identify a list of potential target genes of Egr1 in the uterus by performing multi-step in silico promoter analyses. Analyses of mRNA microarray data provided a cohort of genes (102 genes) which were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the uterus between Egr1(+/+) and Egr1(–/–) mice. In mice, the frequency of putative EGR1 binding sites (EBS) in the promoter of DEGs is significantly higher than that of randomly selected non-DEGs, although it is not correlated with expression levels of DEGs. Furthermore, EBS are considerably enriched within –500 bp of DEG’s promoters. Comparative analyses for EBS of DEGs with the promoters of other species provided power to distinguish DEGs with higher probability as EGR1 direct target genes. Eleven EBS in the promoters of 9 genes among analyzed DEGs are conserved between various species including human. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that analyses of mRNA expression profiles followed by two-step in silico analyses could provide a list of putative Egr1 direct target genes in the uterus where any known direct target genes are yet reported for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Jong Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
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Wei J, Ouyang Y, Li X, Zhu B, Yang J, Cui Y, Chen X, Lin F, Long M, Yang A, Dong K, Zhang H. Early growth response gene 1, a TRBP binding protein, is involved in miRNA activity of miR-125a-3p in human cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1120-8. [PMID: 25725290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of many cellular pathways. However, the picture for components or regulators involved in the process of miRNA biogenesis and function remains to be further elucidated. Early growth response gene 1 (Egr1) has long been considered as tumor suppressor and transcriptional factor involved in cell proliferation and regulation of apoptosis. RESULTS Here we show that Egr1 is able to modulate guide strand loading of certain miRNAs or siRNAs in human HEK293 and A549 cells, which is related with thermodynamic parameters of miRNA or siRNA. Further, we found that Egr1 modulates the silencing activity of miR-125a-3p in vivo. Immunoprecipitation experiment demonstrated that Egr1 could bind miRNA biogenesis protein TAR RNA-binding protein2 (TRBP2), and knockdown TRBP by RNAi abolished the regulating effects of Egr1 on miR-125a-3p efficiency. Further experiments revealed that deleting sequence 97-227aa containing dsRBD B domain of TRBP eliminated the binding phenomenon between Egr1 and TRBP and impaired the effect of Egr1 on miR-125a-3p efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study has demonstrated that Egr1 is able to regulate miRNA activity of miR-125a-3p in human cells through binding TRBP, which highlights an unexpected function of Egr1 in miRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongri Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Nephroloogy, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Prast JM, Schardl A, Sartori SB, Singewald N, Saria A, Zernig G. Increased conditioned place preference for cocaine in high anxiety related behavior (HAB) mice is associated with an increased activation in the accumbens corridor. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:441. [PMID: 25566008 PMCID: PMC4273636 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders and substance use disorders are strongly associated in humans. Accordingly, a widely held but controversial concept in the addiction field, the so-called “self-medication hypothesis,” posits that anxious individuals are more vulnerable for drug dependence because they use drugs of abuse to alleviate their anxiety. We tested this hypothesis under controlled experimental conditions by quantifying the conditioned place preference (CPP) to 15 mg/kg i.p. cocaine given contingently (COCAINE) in CD1 mice selectively bred for high anxiety-related behavior (HAB) vs. normal anxiety-related behavior (NAB). Cocaine was conditioned to the initially non-preferred compartment in an alternate day design (cocaine vs. saline, four pairings each). HAB and NAB mice were also tested for the effects of non-contingent (NONCONT) cocaine administration. HAB mice showed a slightly higher bias for one of the conditioning compartments during the pretest than NAB mice that became statistically significant (p = 0.045) only after pooling COCAINE and NONCONT groups. Cocaine CPP was higher (p = 0.0035) in HAB compared to NAB mice. The increased cocaine CPP was associated with an increased expression of the immediate early genes (IEGs) c-Fos and Early Growth Related Protein 1 (EGR1) in the accumbens corridor, i.e., a region stretching from the anterior commissure to the interhemispheric border and comprising the medial nucleus accumbens core and shell, the major island of Calleja and intermediate part of the lateral septum, as well as the vertical limb of the diagonal band and medial septum. The cocaine CPP-induced EGR1 expression was only observed in D1- and D2-medium spiny neurons, whereas other types of neurons or glial cells were not involved. With respect to the activation by contingent vs. non-contingent cocaine EGR1 seemed to be a more sensitive marker than c-Fos. Our findings suggest that cocaine may be more rewarding in high anxiety individuals, plausibly due to an anxiolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Prast
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aurelia Schardl
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone B Sartori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alois Saria
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Zernig
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria ; Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck Innsbruck, Austria
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Gajewska A, Herman AP, Wolińska-Witort E, Kochman K, Zwierzchowski L. In vivo oestrogenic modulation of Egr1 and Pitx1 gene expression in female rat pituitary gland. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 53:355-66. [PMID: 25258388 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
EGR1 and PITX1 are transcription factors required for gonadotroph cell Lhb promoter activation. To determine changes in Egr1 and Pitx1 mRNA levels in central and peripheral pituitary stimulations, an in vivo model based on i.c.v. pulsatile (1 pulse/0.5 h over 2 h) GnRH agonist (1.5 nM buserelin) or antagonist (2 nM antide) microinjections was used. The microinjections were given to ovariectomised and 17β-oestradiol (E2) (3×20 μg), ERA (ESR1) agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) (3×0.5 mg), ERB (ESR2) agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) (3×0.5 mg) s.c. pre-treated rats 30 min after last pulse anterior pituitaries were excised. Relative mRNA expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results revealed a gene-specific response for GnRH and/or oestrogenic stimulations in vivo. Buserelin pulses enhanced Egr1 expression by 66% in ovariectomised rats, whereas the oestradiol-supplemented+i.c.v. NaCl-microinjected group showed a 50% increase in Egr1 mRNA expression. The oestrogenic signal was transmitted via ERA (ESR1) and ERB (ESR2) activation as administration of PPT and DPN resulted in 97 and 62%, respectively, elevation in Egr1 mRNA expression. A synergistic action of GnRH agonist and 17β-oestradiol (E2) stimulation of the Egr1 gene transcription in vivo were found. GnRHR activity did not affect Pitx1 mRNA expression; regardless of NaCl, buserelin or antide i.c.v. pulses, s.c. oestrogenic supplementation (with E2, PPT or DPN) consistently decreased (by -46, -48 and -41% respectively) the Pitx1 mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland. Orchestrated Egr1 and Pitx1 activities depending on specific central and peripheral regulatory inputs could be responsible for physiologically variable Lhb gene promoter activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gajewska
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyThe Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka Street 3, 05-110 Jablonna n. Warsaw, PolandNeuroendocrinology DepartmentMedical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Herman
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyThe Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka Street 3, 05-110 Jablonna n. Warsaw, PolandNeuroendocrinology DepartmentMedical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Wolińska-Witort
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyThe Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka Street 3, 05-110 Jablonna n. Warsaw, PolandNeuroendocrinology DepartmentMedical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kochman
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyThe Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka Street 3, 05-110 Jablonna n. Warsaw, PolandNeuroendocrinology DepartmentMedical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Lech Zwierzchowski
- Department of NeuroendocrinologyThe Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka Street 3, 05-110 Jablonna n. Warsaw, PolandNeuroendocrinology DepartmentMedical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99/103 Street, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
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Xu B, Tang G, Xiao C, Wang L, Yang Q, Sun Y. Androgen deprivation therapy induces androgen receptor-dependent upregulation of Egr1 in prostate cancers. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:2883-2893. [PMID: 25031707 PMCID: PMC4097214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Early growth response gene-1 (Egr1) has a crucial function in the development and progression of prostate cancer. However, whether Egr1 contributes to the transition of advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) from androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) remains largely unknown. To the best of our knowledge, through immunohistochemical staining methods, we were the first to identify that Egr1 is more highly expressed in AIPC clinical specimens than in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). An in vitro study with quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that Egr1 also has a higher expression in androgen-independent PC3 cells than in the androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Egr1 expression in LNCaP cells was significantly upregulated during the androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) and was re-downregulated through the addition of dihydrotestosterone. Although no variation in PC3 cells was identified, Egr1 responded to dihydrotestosterone and flutamide in the androgen receptor (AR)-transfected PC3 cells. Further investigation with Egr1 agonist and specific siRNA-targeting Egr1 revealed that Egr1 upregulation or downregulation was accompanied by a change in inhibitors of differentiation and DNA binding-1 (Id1) in the same direction in both LNCaP and PC3 cells. The variation is shown to be negatively regulated by androgen through AR during ADT. Our data suggested that upregulated Egr1 might partially contribute to the emergence of AIPC after prolonged ADT. This study also elucidated the potential mechanism underlying Id1 participation in the progression of prostate cancer. Understanding the key molecular events in the transition from ADPC to AIPC may provide new therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengwu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Shikonin induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer (AGS) by early growth response 1 ( Egr1)-mediated p21 gene expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1064-1071. [PMID: 24384380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a naphthoquinone compound derived from a shikonin, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of various diseases, including cancer. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of shikonin on AGS gastric cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of 12.5-100 ng/mL dosage of shikonin treatment on AGS cancer cell line with the incubation time of 6h. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by measuring the changes in the intracellular ROS, appearance of senescence phenotype, cell cycle progression, CDK and cyclins expression levels upon shikonin treatment. We also examined upon the activation of Egr1-mediated p21 expression, by siRNA transfection, Luciferase assay, and ChIP assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that shikonin inhibits cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase via modulation of p21 in AGS cells. Also, our results revealed that the p21 gene was transactivated by early growth response1 (Egr1) in response to the shikonin treatment. Transient Egr1 expression enhanced shikonin-induced p21 promoter activity, whereas the suppression of Egr1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated the ability of shikonin to induce p21 promoter activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the anti-proliferative activity of shikonin was due to its ability to induce cell cycle arrest via Egr1-p21 signaling pathway. Thus, the work stated here validates the traditional use of shikonin in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 108, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jee Min Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Penke Z, Morice E, Veyrac A, Gros A, Chagneau C, LeBlanc P, Samson N, Baumgärtel K, Mansuy IM, Davis S, Laroche S. Zif268/ Egr1 gain of function facilitates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and long-term spatial recognition memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 369:20130159. [PMID: 24298160 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Zif268/Egr1, a member of the Egr family of transcription factors, is critical for the consolidation of several forms of memory; however, it is as yet uncertain whether increasing expression of Zif268 in neurons can facilitate memory formation. Here, we used an inducible transgenic mouse model to specifically induce Zif268 overexpression in forebrain neurons and examined the effect on recognition memory and hippocampal synaptic transmission and plasticity. We found that Zif268 overexpression during the establishment of memory for objects did not change the ability to form a long-term memory of objects, but enhanced the capacity to form a long-term memory of the spatial location of objects. This enhancement was paralleled by increased long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and by increased activity-dependent expression of Zif268 and selected Zif268 target genes. These results provide novel evidence that transcriptional mechanisms engaging Zif268 contribute to determining the strength of newly encoded memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Penke
- CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Paris-Sud, UMR 8195, , Orsay 91405, France
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Koldamova R, Schug J, Lefterova M, Cronican AA, Fitz NF, Davenport FA, Carter A, Castranio EL, Lefterov I. Genome-wide approaches reveal EGR1-controlled regulatory networks associated with neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 63:107-14. [PMID: 24269917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response gene 1 (Egr1) is a member of the immediate early gene (IEG) family of transcription factors and plays a role in memory formation. To identify EGR1 target genes in brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice - APP23, we applied chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). Functional annotation of genes associated with EGR1 binding revealed a set of related networks including synaptic vesicle transport, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), intracellular membrane fusion and transmission of signals elicited by Ca(2+) influx. EGR1 binding is associated with significant enrichment of activating chromatin marks and appears enriched near genes that are up-regulated in the brains of APP23 mice. Among the putative EGR1 targets identified and validated in this study are genes related to synaptic plasticity and transport of proteins, such as Arc, Grin1, Syn2, Vamp2 and Stx6, and genes implicated in AD such as Picalm, Psen2 and App. We also demonstrate a potential regulatory link between EGR1 and its newly identified targets in vivo, since conditions that up-regulate Egr1 levels in brain, such as a spatial memory test, also lead to increased expression of the targets. On the other hand, protein levels of EGR1 and ARC, SYN2, STX6 and PICALM are significantly lower in the brain of adult APP mice than in age-matched wild type animals. The results of this study suggest that EGR1 regulates the expression of genes involved in CME, vesicular transport and synaptic transmission that may be critical for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Functional Genomics Core, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Lefterova
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea A Cronican
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Faith A Davenport
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexis Carter
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Emilie L Castranio
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Abstract
Fibrosis, a non-physiological wound healing in multiple organs, is associated with end-stage pathological symptoms of a wide variety of vascular injury and inflammation related diseases. In response to chemical, immunological and physical insults, the body's defense system and matrix synthetic machinery respond to healing the wound and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled wound healing leads to scarring or fibrosis, a pathological condition characterized by excessive synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, loss of tissue homeostasis and organ failure. Understanding the actual cause of pathological wound healing and identification of igniter(s) of fibrogenesis would be helpful to design novel therapeutic approaches to control pathological wound healing and to prevent fibrosis related morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the significance of a few key cytokines (TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-10) transcriptional activators (Sp1, Egr-1, Smad3), repressors (Smad7, Fli-1, PPAR-γ, p53, Klotho) and epigenetic modulators (acetyltransferase, methyltransferases, deacetylases, microRNAs) involved in major matrix protein collagen synthesis under pathological stage of wound healing, and the potentiality of these regulators as therapeutic targets for fibrosis treatment. The significance of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and senescence, two newly emerged fields in fibrosis research, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute & Division of Nephrology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Wang W, Yao X, Huang Y, Hu X, Liu R, Hou D, Chen R, Wang G. Mediator MED23 regulates basal transcription in vivo via an interaction with P-TEFb. Transcription 2013; 4:39-51. [PMID: 23340209 DOI: 10.4161/trns.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediator is a multi-subunit complex that transduces regulatory information from transcription regulators to the RNA polymerase II apparatus. Growing evidence suggests that Mediator plays roles in multiple stages of eukaryotic transcription, including elongation. However, the detailed mechanism by which Mediator regulates elongation remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Mediator MED23 subunit controls a basal level of transcription by recruiting elongation factor P-TEFb, via an interaction with its CDK9 subunit. The mRNA level of Egr1, a MED23-controlled model gene, is reduced 4-5 fold in Med23 (-/-) ES cells under an unstimulated condition, but Med23-deficiency does not alter the occupancies of RNAP II, GTFs, Mediator complex, or activator ELK1 at the Egr1 promoter. Instead, Med23 depletion results in a significant decrease in P-TEFb and RNAP II (Ser2P) binding at the coding region, but no changes for several other elongation regulators, such as DSIF and NELF. ChIP-seq revealed that Med23-deficiency partially reduced the P-TEFb occupancy at a set of MED23-regulated gene promoters. Further, we demonstrate that MED23 interacts with CDK9 in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these results provide the mechanistic insight into how Mediator promotes RNAP II into transcription elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Kosten TA, Huang W, Nielsen DA. Sex and litter effects on anxiety and DNA methylation levels of stress and neurotrophin genes in adolescent rats. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:392-406. [PMID: 23460384 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal care variations associate with DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, Nr3c1, in hippocampus at a nerve-growth factor-inducible protein 1 binding site. Epigenetic regulation of brain-derived neurotrophin factor is affected by early stress. These systems contribute to anxiety and fear. Early stress has sex-dependent effects perhaps reflecting sex differences in maternal care. Altering litter gender composition affects maternal behavior and DNA methylation levels of another gene in hippocampus and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We now test if DNA methylation levels of Nr3c1, Egr1, and Bdnf differ by litter composition or sex. Rats from mixed- or single-sex litters were tested for anxiety and fear on postnatal day 35. Brain tissues were collected and analyzed using direct sequencing methods. Females showed hypermethylation of Nr3c1 of hippocampal DNA and litter composition modified sex effects on methylation of Egr1 in NAc. Few differences were seen for Bdnf. LGC modified some sex differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese A Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; Michael E. DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030.
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Moosa MM, Ayub MI, Bashar AE, Sarwardi G, Khan W, Khan H, Yeasmin S. Combination of two rare mutations causes β-thalassaemia in a Bangladeshi patient. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:406-9. [PMID: 21931510 PMCID: PMC3168178 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of mutations that cause β-thalassaemia in the Bangladeshi population led to the identification of a patient with a combination of two rare mutations, Hb Monroe and HBB: −92 C > G. The β-thalassaemia major male individual was transfusion-dependent and had an atypical β-globin gene cluster haplotype. Of the two mutations, Hb Monroe has been characterized in detail. Clinical effects of the other mutation, HBB: −92 C > G, are unknown so far. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to predict the possible effect of this mutation. These analyses revealed the presence of a putative binding site for Egr1, a transcription factor, within the HBB: −92 region. Our literature survey suggests a close relationship between different phenotypic manifestations of β-thalassaemia and Egr1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Muhammad Moosa
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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