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Mousavi Z, Karimi Z, Wong A, Cheraghloo N, Bagheri H, Bagheri R. Comparison of enjoyment and energy expenditure of exergame with and without blood flow restriction in men and women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9030. [PMID: 38641659 PMCID: PMC11031571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on intensity and perceived enjoyment during an exergame. Fourteen healthy young participants engaged in a boxing exergame for 20 min, with or without BFR, across two sessions. Perceived enjoyment levels were assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Heart rate was monitored, and energy expenditure (EE) during exercise was calculated. A mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to evaluate differences in EE and enjoyment between exergame conditions (with and without BFR) as well as the interaction effects of these protocols with gender. Although not statistically significant, perceived enjoyment decreased with BFR inclusion for both genders. No significant differences were observed between men and women for both protocols. Regarding EE, there was no significant difference between the two groups (with and without BFR). However, a significant main effect of gender was found, with men exhibiting higher EE values in both protocols compared to women. In conclusion, exergames incorporating BFR impact perceptual responses, particularly perceived enjoyment. Furthermore, significant gender differences in EE were found, with men displaying higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynabalsadat Mousavi
- Nutrition and Food Service, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Karimi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, USA
| | - Neda Cheraghloo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessan Bagheri
- Department of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Bernard TE, Williams KE, Ashley CD. Estimating metabolic rate from International Organization for Standardization heart rate method and two walking equations. Ind Health 2024:2024-0015. [PMID: 38569893 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Assigning a value for metabolic rate is central to heat stress assessment. ISO 8996 describes a predictive method for walking based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) method and another generalized method based on average heart rate. In addition, the US Army uses the load carriage decision aid (LCDA) predictive equation to estimate metabolic rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy/bias and precision of the ISO heart rate method and the ACSM and LCDA equations. The laboratory database included metabolic rate, heart rate, treadmill speed, and grade during a progressive heat stress protocol. Treadmill speed and grade were set to represent one of three metabolic rates. Accuracy and precision were assessed with Bland-Altman plots. All three methods had good accuracy (low bias). For precision, the ISO heart rate method had a root mean square error (RMSE) of 34 W and 11% when adjusted for repeated measures. The RMSE for two equations was 20 W and 7%. Although the heart method had less accuracy, its application is more generalizable. The heart rate method should be used below the occupational exposure limit to avoid a bias toward higher predicted values due to heat strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Candi D Ashley
- College of Education (Exercise Science), University of South Florida, USA
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Awazawa M, Matsushita M, Nomura I, Kobayashi N, Tamura-Nakano M, Sorimachi Y, Takubo K, Ueki K. Imeglimin improves systemic metabolism by targeting brown adipose tissue and gut microbiota in obese model mice. Metabolism 2024; 153:155796. [PMID: 38262576 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Imeglimin is a recently developed anti-diabetic drug that could concurrently promote insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, while its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here we show that imeglimin administration could protect mice from high fat diet-induced weight gain with enhanced energy expenditure and attenuated whitening of brown adipose tissue. Imeglimin administration led to significant alteration of gut microbiota, which included an increase of Akkermansia genus, with attenuation of obesity-associated gut pathologies. Ablation of microbiota by antibiotic treatment partially abrogated the insulin sensitizing effects of imeglimin, while not affecting its actions on body weight gain or brown adipose tissue. Collectively, our results characterize imeglimin as a potential agent promoting energy expenditure and gut integrity, providing new insights into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Awazawa
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Maya Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ikumi Nomura
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Diabetology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Morrone M, Boi A, Meloni M, Martinez G, Ventura L, Pusole M, Ghiani G, Crisafulli A, Bandiera P, Cugusi L, Deriu F, Manca A. Physiological adaptations of active postmenopausal women and matched men to the multi-day Sardinia Selvaggio Blu wild trek: a gender-comparative pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1063-1074. [PMID: 37819614 PMCID: PMC10954930 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of wild trekking by examining, in postmenopausal women, the physiological adaptations to an intensive 5-day wild trek and comparing their responses to those displayed by a group of men of comparable age, training status and mountaineering skills. METHODS Six healthy, active postmenopausal women in their sixth decade of life participated in the study. Six men of comparable age and training status were also enrolled for gender-based comparisons. The participants traversed the Selvaggio Blu wild trek (Sardinia, Italy) completing a total of 56 km, for an overall height differential of 14,301 m. During all 5-day trek, subjects were supervised by two alpine guides. Changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic patterns of energy expenditure were evaluated before and after the intervention. RESULTS Total energy expenditure during the trek was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in women (12.88 ± 3.37 kcal/h/kg) than men (9.27 ± 0.89 kcal/h/kg). Extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) increased significantly following the trek only in women (ECW: - 3.8%; p = 0.01; ICW: + 3.4%; p = 0.01). The same applied to fat-free mass (+ 5.6%; p = 0.006), fat mass (- 20.4%; p = 0.006), skeletal muscle mass (+ 9.5%; p = 0.007), and appendicular muscle mass (+ 7.3%; p = 0.002). Peak VO2/kg (+ 9.4%; p = 0.05) and fat oxidation (at 80 W: + 26.96%; p = 0.04; at 100 W: + 40.95%; p = 0.02; at 120 W: + 83.02%; p = 0.01) were found increased only in women, although no concurrent changes in partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) was observed. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women, a 5-day, intensive and physically/technically demanding outdoor trekking activity led to significant and potentially relevant changes in body composition, energy balance and metabolism that are generally attained following quite longer periods of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Martina Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Ventura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pusole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ghiani
- Sports Physiology Lab, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Sports Physiology Lab, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Franca Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Disorders, AOUSS, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Wu Y, Xin J, Li X, Yang T, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Xie W, Jiang M. Repurposing lansoprazole to alleviate metabolic syndrome via PHOSPHO1 inhibition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1711-1725. [PMID: 38572109 PMCID: PMC10985025 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing offers an efficient approach to therapeutic development. In this study, our bioinformatic analysis first predicted an association between obesity and lansoprazole (LPZ), a commonly prescribed drug for gastrointestinal ulcers. We went on to show that LPZ treatment increased energy expenditure and alleviated the high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in mice. Treatment with LPZ elicited thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in primary adipocytes, and induced cold tolerance in cold-exposed mice, suggesting the activity of LPZ in promoting adipose thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Mechanistically, LPZ is an efficient inhibitor of adipose phosphocholine phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1) and produces metabolic benefits in a PHOSPHO1-dependent manner. Our results suggested that LPZ may stimulate adipose thermogenesis by inhibiting the conversion of 2-arachidonoylglycerol-lysophosphatidic acid (2-AG-LPA) to 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and reduce the activity of the thermogenic-suppressive cannabinoid receptor signaling. In summary, we have uncovered a novel therapeutic indication and mechanism of LPZ in managing obesity and its related metabolic syndrome, and identified a potential metabolic basis by which LPZ improves energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaqi Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Regalin D, de Moraes RS, Adorno BA, Comassetto F, da Costa Regalin BD, Gehrcke MI, Vasconcellos RS, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, Melchert A, Oleskovicz N. High carbohydrate is preferable to high lipid parenteral nutrition in healthy dogs undergoing prolonged sedation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1171-1187. [PMID: 38231371 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is commonly used in intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with earlier hospital outcome. However, there is scarcity of information about the metabolic effects of PN caloric distribution for dogs. Considering the high tolerance of dogs to lipids and, also, that hospitalized animals usually present insulin resistance, PN formulation with high fat instead high glucose can provide metabolic benefits in this specie. This study evaluated two PN protocols, based on high lipid or high carbohydrate in 12 healthy dogs under sedation/ventilation during 24 h. For baseline data, blood samples were collected 24 h before the study beginning. After fasting, the dogs were anesthetized and put under mechanical ventilation without energy support for 12 h to obtain: daily energy expenditure (DEE), respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), lactate, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations. After, the dogs were allocated into two groups: lipid-based energy group (LEG) and carbohydrate-based energy group (CEG). Both groups received the PN infusions at a rate of 3 mL/kg/h for 12 h. Blood tests were performed 12, 24, and 48 h after infusion's completion. VO2 increased after PN in LEG, increasing energy expenditure compared to CEG. RQ remained close to 1 in CEG, indicating carbohydrate preferential consumption. Triglycerides increased in both groups after propofol infusion, remaining higher in LEG until the end of the evaluation. Glycaemia increased in CEG compared to baseline. In conclusion, both PN protocols can be used in healthy animals undergoing prolonged sedation protocols. However, high lipid PN had higher VO2 and DEE, and resulted in higher triglycerides concentrations and lower glycaemia indexes than carbohydrate, making high carbohydrate PN preferable to high lipid PN. Therefore, for use in critically ill patients, the data obtained in this study should be extrapolated, taking into consideration the specificity of each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doughlas Regalin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Reiner Silveira de Moraes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ataíde Adorno
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Bioscience, Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Felipe Comassetto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Martielo Ivan Gehrcke
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPeL), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Melchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Oleskovicz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Della Guardia L, Luzi L, Codella R. Muscle-UCP3 in the regulation of energy metabolism. Mitochondrion 2024:101872. [PMID: 38499130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3) is a mitochondria-regulatory protein with potential energy- homeostatic functions. This study explores the role of UCP3 in the regulation of muscle- and energy metabolism. UCP3 is critical for tuning substrate utilization, favoring lipid oxidation, particularly in conditions of high-fat availability. While UCP3 is non-essential for lipid oxidation during energy excess, it proves vital during fasting, indicating an energy-homeostatic trait. Preliminary evidence indicates UCP3' promotion of glucose uptake and oxidation, at least in conditions of high glucose/low fat availability. However, the dynamics of how fats and glucose differentially influence UCP3 remain undefined. UCP3 exhibits inducible proton transport and uncoupling activity, operating in a dual manner: a resting state with no/low activity and an activated state in the presence of activators. Uncoupling may enhance thermogenesis in specific conditions and in the presence of activators such as fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines. This energy-dissipative activity adapts to varying energy availability, balancing energy dissipation with fatty acid oxidation to optimize whole-body energy homeostasis: fasting triggers UCP3 upregulation, enhancing lipid utilization while suppressing uncoupling. Additionally, UCP3 upregulation induces glucose and lipid disposal from the bloodstream and decreases tri-/diglyceride storage in muscle. This process improves mitochondrial functionality and insulin signaling, leading to enhanced systemic gluco-metabolic balance and protection from metabolic conditions. Reviewed evidence suggests that UCP3 plays a crucial role in adapting the system to changing energy conditions. However, the precise role of UCP3 in regulating metabolism requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
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Ankrah Twumasi M, Adusah-Poku F, Acheampong AO, Evans Osei Opoku E. Residential energy expenditures and the relevance of financial inclusion across location, wealth quintiles and household structures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26710. [PMID: 38455528 PMCID: PMC10918148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the relative role of financial inclusion in enhancing households' ability to spend on energy consumption across rural and urban locations. It uses comprehensive household data from Ghana and employs the ordinary least square (OLS) as well as an instrumental variable estimation technique. Endogeneity of financial inclusion is instrumented using distance to the nearest bank. Our findings suggest that a standard deviation increase in financial inclusion contributes to an improvement in residential energy expenditure by 1.2835 standard deviations. This finding is robust to different methods for resolving endogeneity and alternative weighting schemes in the financial inclusion construct. Among the different sources of energy for lighting and cooking, financial inclusion increases expenditure on LPG and electricity more than the others. Financial inclusion increases the ability to spend more on residential energy in urban, poorest, and female-headed dual-parent households. Household net income is a key pathway through which financial inclusion affects residential energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Adusah-Poku
- Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Environment and Natural Resource Research Initiative (ENRRI-EfD Ghana), Accra, Ghana
| | - Alex O. Acheampong
- Bond Business School, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Centre for Data Analytics, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Eric Evans Osei Opoku
- Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
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Pan L, He X, Xu R, Bhattarai U, Niu Z, do Carmo J, Sun Y, Zeng H, Clemmer JS, Chen JX, Chen Y. Endothelial specific prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 deficiency attenuates aging-related obesity and exercise intolerance. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01108-0. [PMID: 38462569 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and exercise intolerance greatly reduce the life quality of older people. Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) is an important enzyme in modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF) protein. Using vascular endothelial cell-specific PHD2 gene knockout (PHD2 ECKO) mice, we investigated the role of endothelial PHD2 in aging-related obesity and exercise capacity. Briefly, PHD2 ECKO mice were obtained by crossing PHD2-floxed mice with VE-Cadherin (Cdh5)-Cre transgenic mice. The effect of PHD2 ECKO on obesity and exercise capacity in PHD2 ECKO mice and control PHD2f/f mice were determined in young mice (6 to 7 months) and aged mice (16-18 months). We found that aged PHD2 ECKO mice, but not young mice, exhibited a lean phenotype, characterized by lower fat mass, and its ratio to lean weight, body weight, or tibial length, while their food uptake was not reduced compared with controls. Moreover, as compared with aged control mice, aged PHD2 ECKO mice exhibited increased oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise, and the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2 max) during exercise. Furthermore, as compared with corresponding control mice, both young and aged PHD2 ECKO mice demonstrated improved glucose tolerance and lower insulin resistance. Together, these data demonstrate that inhibition of vascular endothelial PHD2 signaling significantly attenuates aging-related obesity, exercise intolerance, and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Pan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Xiaochen He
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Umesh Bhattarai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Ziru Niu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jussara do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - John S Clemmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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10
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Allen N, Kelly S, Lanfear M, Reynolds A, Clarke R, Mountjoy ML, Wyon M, Wolman R. Relative energy deficiency in dance (RED-D): a consensus method approach to REDs in dance. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001858. [PMID: 38463191 PMCID: PMC10921540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a potentially severe, challenging, broad-spectrum syndrome with potential negative health and performance outcomes. The numerous research publications and International Olympic Committee consensus statements relating to REDs testify to the challenges faced in early identification or screening, diagnosis and management. Like sport, dance, in its simplest form, can be identified as an activity resulting in physiological energy demands and, as such, requires appropriate energy availability concerning energy expenditures. However, the specificity of physiological and psychological demands in dance must be considered when considering REDs. An environment where physical activity can exceed 30 hours per week and where culture may instil a value that thinness is required puts dancers at increased risk for REDs. The purpose of this study was to provide dance-specific guidance dance on this complex condition. An RAND/UCLA Delphi Panel method with nominal group technique was used to review the literature from REDs to evaluate how it may relate to dance. In addition to the EP, which was assembled from a multidisciplinary background with expertise in REDs and multiple genres of dance, six focus groups were commissioned. Four of the focus groups were drawn from the EP members and two additional focus groups formed by dancers and artistic leaders. These panels were used to guide the development of a RED-D diagnosis pathway, management plan and risk stratification and return to dance pathway. The dance-specific pathways are designed to be a practical tool for guiding and supporting clinicians managing RED-D. Furthermore, this paper represents an important focus of this area in dance and serves to stimulate discussion and further research within the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Allen
- Medical, Birmingham Royal Ballet, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shane Kelly
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Birmingham, UK
- Ballet Healthcare, Royal Ballet Company, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Wyon
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Birmingham, UK
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, UK
| | - Roger Wolman
- National Institute of Dance Medicine and Science, Birmingham, UK
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Guo H, Xin Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Ren Y, Qiao B, Li H, Wu J, Hao X, Xu L, Yan Y, Zhang H. Hypothalamic POMC neuron-specific knockout of MC4R affects insulin sensitivity by regulating Kir2.1. Mol Med 2024; 30:34. [PMID: 38448811 PMCID: PMC10918880 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalance in energy regulation is a major cause of insulin resistance and diabetes. Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling at specific sites in the central nervous system has synergistic but non-overlapping functions. However, the mechanism by which MC4R in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) region regulates energy balance and insulin resistance remains unclear. METHODS The MC4Rflox/flox mice with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) -Cre mice were crossed to generate the POMC-MC4Rflox/+ mice. Then POMC-MC4Rflox/+ mice were further mated with MC4Rflox/flox mice to generate the POMC-MC4Rflox/flox mice in which MC4R is selectively deleted in POMC neurons. Bilateral injections of 200 nl of AAV-sh-Kir2.1 (AAV-sh-NC was used as control) were made into the ARC of the hypothalamus. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure were measured by using the CLAMS; Total, visceral and subcutaneous fat was analyzed using micro-CT. Co-immunoprecipitation assays (Co-IP) were used to analyze the interaction between MC4R and Kir2.1 in GT1-7 cells. RESULTS POMC neuron-specific ablation of MC4R in the ARC region promoted food intake, impaired energy expenditure, leading to increased weight gain and impaired systemic glucose homeostasis. Additionally, MC4R ablation reduced the activation of POMC neuron, and is not tissue-specific for peripheral regulation, suggesting the importance of its central regulation. Mechanistically, sequencing analysis and Co-IP assay demonstrated a direct interaction of MC4R with Kir2.1. Knockdown of Kir2.1 in POMC neuron-specific ablation of MC4R restored the effect of MC4R ablation on energy expenditure and systemic glucose homeostasis, indicating by reduced body weight and ameliorated insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Hypothalamic POMC neuron-specific knockout of MC4R affects energy balance and insulin sensitivity by regulating Kir2.1. Kir2.1 represents a new target and pathway that could be targeted in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengru Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Saifei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanqi Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongjiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Stanic S, Bardova K, Janovska P, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J, Zouhar P. Prolonged FGF21 treatment increases energy expenditure and induces weight loss in obese mice independently of UCP1 and adrenergic signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116042. [PMID: 38325495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) reduces body weight, which was attributed to induced energy expenditure (EE). Conflicting data have been published on the role of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in this effect. Therefore, we aimed to revisit the thermoregulatory effects of FGF21 and their implications for body weight regulation. We found that an 8-day treatment with FGF21 lowers body weight to similar extent in both wildtype (WT) and UCP1-deficient (KO) mice fed high-fat diet. In WT mice, this effect is solely due to increased EE, associated with a strong activation of UCP1 and with excess heat dissipated through the tail. This thermogenesis takes place in the interscapular region and can be attenuated by a β-adrenergic inhibitor propranolol. In KO mice, FGF21-induced weight loss correlates with a modest increase in EE, which is independent of adrenergic signaling, and with a reduced energy intake. Interestingly, the gene expression profile of interscapular brown adipose tissue (but not subcutaneous white adipose tissue) of KO mice is massively affected by FGF21, as shown by increased expression of genes encoding triacylglycerol/free fatty acid cycle enzymes. Thus, FGF21 elicits central thermogenic and pyretic effects followed by a concomitant increase in EE and body temperature, respectively. The associated weight loss is strongly dependent on UCP1-based thermogenesis. However, in the absence of UCP1, alternative mechanisms of energy dissipation may contribute, possibly based on futile triacylglycerol/free fatty acid cycling in brown adipose tissue and reduced food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stanic
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic.
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Winn NC, Schleh MW, Garcia JN, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Blair JA, Hasty AH, Wasserman DH. Insulin at the intersection of thermoregulation and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101901. [PMID: 38354854 PMCID: PMC10877958 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammals are protected from changes in environmental temperature by altering energetic processes that modify heat production. Insulin is the dominant stimulus of glucose uptake and metabolism, which are fundamental for thermogenic processes. The purpose of this work was to determine the interaction of ambient temperature induced changes in energy expenditure (EE) on the insulin sensitivity of glucose fluxes. Short-term and adaptive responses to thermoneutral temperature (TN, ∼28 °C) and room (laboratory) temperature (RT, ∼22 °C) were studied in mice. This range of temperature does not cause detectable changes in circulating catecholamines or shivering and postabsorptive glucose homeostasis is maintained. We tested the hypothesis that a decrease in EE that occurs with TN causes insulin resistance and that this reduction in insulin action and EE is reversed upon short term (<12h) transition to RT. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Rd) and tissue-specific glucose metabolic index were assessed combining isotopic tracers with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. EE and insulin-stimulated Rd are both decreased (∼50%) in TN-adapted vs RT-adapted mice. When RT-adapted mice are switched to TN, EE rapidly decreases and Rd is reduced by ∼50%. TN-adapted mice switched to RT exhibit a rapid increase in EE, but whole-body insulin-stimulated Rd remains at the low rates of TN-adapted mice. In contrast, whole body glycolytic flux rose with EE. This higher EE occurs without increasing glucose uptake from the blood, but rather by diverting glucose from glucose storage to glycolysis. In addition to adaptations in insulin action, 'insulin-independent' glucose uptake in brown fat is exquisitely sensitive to thermoregulation. These results show that insulin action adjusts to non-stressful changes in ambient temperature to contribute to the support of body temperature homeostasis without compromising glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Michael W Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie N Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joslin A Blair
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Lillegard K, Del Castillo JA, Silver HJ. Poorly controlled glycemia and worse beta cell function associate with higher resting and total energy expenditure in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: A doubly labeled water study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:729-738. [PMID: 38320464 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies comparing persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) show no difference in resting energy expenditure (REE). However, the degree of glycemic control may be a crucial factor in determining energy requirements. Few studies have employed the doubly labeled water (DLW) method in persons with T2DM to objectively measure daily energy expenditure. AIMS To determine relationships between glycemia, body composition, and energy expenditure in adults with obesity and T2DM. We hypothesized that worse hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and beta cell function would associate with higher resting and total energy expenditure (TEE). METHODS Two cohorts age 31-50 years were included: 78 with obesity and T2DM, 19 with normal weight and no chronic disease. Baseline data from clinical biomarkers, intravenous glucose tolerance tests, DXA and MRI for body composition, and dietary intakes were used in multivariable regression models to predict REE and TEE. Additionally, comparisons were made by categorizing participants as having controlled or uncontrolled glycemia based on glucose levels ≥175 mg/dL. RESULTS REE was higher in participants with T2DM by 534.08 ± 74.35 kcal/d (p < 0.001). Higher fasting glucose and HbA1C levels associated with higher TEE. Abdominal SAT and VAT were also predictors in regression models accounting for 76 % of the variance in REE and 89 % of TEE. Participants with uncontrolled glycemia had 22 % higher adipose/lean ratio, two-fold higher VAT/SAT ratio, 21 % higher HOMA-IR score, and worse beta cell function (mean difference in HOMA2-%β of 74.09 ± 14.01, p < 0.001) than those with controlled glycemia. Both REE and TEE were significantly higher in uncontrolled glycemia, difference in REE of 154.17 ± 96.28 kcals/day (p = 0.04) and difference in TEE of 480.64 ± 215.45 kcals/day (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Poor beta cell function and uncontrolled glycemia associate with higher REE and TEE in persons with obesity and T2DM. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01239550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lillegard
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A Del Castillo
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Heidi J Silver
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Jindapateep P, Sirichana W, Srisawat N, Srisuwanwattana W, Metta K, Sae-Eao N, Eiam-Ong S, Kittiskulnam P. A Proposed Predictive Equation for Energy Expenditure Estimation Among Noncritically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury. J Ren Nutr 2024; 34:115-124. [PMID: 37793468 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is identified more frequently in noncritical compared with intensive care settings. The prognosis of malnourished AKI patients is far worse than those with normal nutritional status. However, a method for estimating the optimal amount of energy required to guide nutritional support among noncritically ill AKI patients is yet to be determined. METHODS We evaluated the performance of weight-based formulas (20-30 kcal/kg/day) with the reference values of energy expenditure (EE) measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) among noncritically ill AKI patients during hospitalization. The statistics for assessing agreement, including total deviation index and accuracy within 10% represent the percentage of estimations falling within the IC value range of ±10%, were tested. Parameters for predicting the EE equation were also developed using a regression analysis model. RESULTS A total of 40 noncritically ill AKI patients were recruited. The mean age of participants was 62.5 ± 16.5 years with 50% being male. The average IC-derived EE was 1,124.6 ± 278.9 kcal/day with respiratory quotients 0.8-1.3, indicating good validity of the IC test. Receiving dialysis, protein catabolic rate, and age was not significantly associated with measured EE. Nearly all weight-based formulas overestimated measured EE. The magnitude of total deviation index values was broad with the proportion of patients achieving an accuracy of 10% being as low as 20%. The proposed equation to predict EE derived from this study was EE (kcal/day) = 618.27 + (8.98 x weight in kg) + 137.0 if diabetes - 199.7 if female (r2 = 0.68, P < .001). In the validation study with an independent group of noncritically ill AKI patients, predicted EE using the newly derived equation was also significantly correlated with measured EE by IC (r = 0.69, P = .004). CONCLUSION Estimation of EE by weight-based formulas usually overestimated measured EE among noncritically ill AKI patients. In the absence of IC, the proposed predictive equation, specifically for noncritically ill AKI patients might be useful, in addition to weight-based formulas, for guiding caloric dosing in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patharasit Jindapateep
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawan Sirichana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kamonchanok Metta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Sae-Eao
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kittiskulnam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Wang Y, Yu H, Cen Z, Zhu Y, Wu W. Drug targets regulate systemic metabolism and provide new horizons to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100267. [PMID: 38187470 PMCID: PMC10770762 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with rapidly rising global prevalence. It is featured with severe hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and hepatic lipogenesis. The drugs directly targeting the processes of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis are currently under clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the long-term ineffectiveness and remarkable adverse effects are well documented, and new concepts are required to tackle with the root causes of NASH progression. We critically assess the recently validated drug targets that regulate the systemic metabolism to ameliorate NASH. Thermogenesis promoted by mitochondrial uncouplers restores systemic energy expenditure. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial proteases and proteins that are pivotal for intracellular metabolic homeostasis normalize mitochondrial function. Secreted proteins also improve systemic metabolism, and NASH is ameliorated by agonizing receptors of secreted proteins with small molecules. We analyze the drug design, the advantages and shortcomings of these novel drug candidates. Meanwhile, the structural modification of current NASH therapeutics significantly increased their selectivity, efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the arising CRISPR-Cas9 screen strategy on liver organoids has enabled the identification of new genes that mediate lipid metabolism, which may serve as promising drug targets. In summary, this article discusses the in-depth novel mechanisms and the multidisciplinary approaches, and they provide new horizons to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China
| | - Hanhan Yu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhipeng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Nunes CL, Jesus F, Rosa GB, Marianito M, Francisco R, Bosy-Westphal A, Minderico CS, Martins P, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. Interindividual variability in energy intake and expenditure during a weight loss intervention. Appetite 2024; 193:107162. [PMID: 38101517 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral compensations may occur as a response to a negative energy balance. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between changes in energy intake (EI) and changes in physical activity (PA, min/day; kcal/d) as a response to a weight loss (WL) intervention and to understand if interindividual differences occur in EI and energy expenditure (EE). METHODS Eighty-one participants [mean (SD): age = 42.8 (9.4)y, BMI = 31.2 (4.4)kg/m2, 37% females] divided in intervention (IG, n = 43) and control group (CG, n = 38) were included. The IG underwent a moderate energy restriction (300-500 kcal/d). EI was measured through the intake-balance method. Non-exercise PA (NEPA) and exercise (through logbook) were assessed by accelerometery. The EE in NEPA (NEAT) and in exercise (EiEE) was calculated by applying the Freedson Combination'98 algorithm over the time spent in these activities. Pearson correlations were performed in IG to examine associations between EE components, EI and body composition. To understand if interindividual differences were observed, the SD of individual response (SDIR) and the smallest worthwhile change (SWC, SDbaselineCG×0.2) were calculated. RESULTS Changes in EI [Δ EI, (kcal/d)] was negatively associated with Δ exercise (min/d:r = -0.413, p = 0.045; %:r = -0.846, p = 0.008) and with Δ EiEE (kcal/d:r = -0.488, p = 0.016; %:r = -0.859, p = 0.006). A negative correlation was found between Δ sedentary time and Δ NEPA (min/d:r = -0.622, p = 0.002; %:r = -0.487, p = 0.018). An interindividual variability was found for EI(SDIR = 151.6, SWC = 72.3) and EE (SDIR = 165, SWC = 134). CONCLUSIONS Decreases in EI were not associated to compensatory responses such as decreases in PA and/or increases in sedentary time. Interindividual variability was found for EI and EE. Nevertheless, behavioral compensations and the interindividual variability should be considered when implementing WL interventions, to increase the likelihood of achieving sustainable results. (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03031951).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L Nunes
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal; Atlântica, Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Filipe Jesus
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Gil B Rosa
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Mariana Marianito
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ruben Francisco
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cláudia S Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins
- Laboratory of Sport Psychology, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
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McGrosky A, Swanson ZS, Rimbach R, Bethancourt H, Ndiema E, Nzunza R, Braun DR, Rosinger AY, Pontzer H. Total daily energy expenditure and elevated water turnover in a small-scale semi-nomadic pastoralist society from Northern Kenya. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:2310724. [PMID: 38594936 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2024.2310724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pastoralists live in challenging environments, which may be accompanied by unique activity, energy, and water requirements. AIM Few studies have examined whether the demands of pastoralism contribute to differences in total energy expenditure (TEE) and water turnover (WT) compared to other lifestyles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Accelerometer-derived physical activity, doubly labelled water-derived TEE and WT, and anthropometric data were collected for 34 semi-nomadic Daasanach adults from three northern Kenyan communities with different levels of pastoralist activity. Daasanach TEEs and WTs were compared to those of other small-scale and industrialised populations. RESULTS When modelled as a function of fat-free-mass, fat-mass, age, and sex, TEE did not differ between Daasanach communities. Daasanach TEE (1564-4172 kcal/day) was not significantly correlated with activity and 91% of TEEs were within the range expected for individuals from comparison populations. Mean WT did not differ between Daasanach communities; Daasanach absolute (7.54 litres/day men; 7.46 litres/day women), mass-adjusted, and TEE-adjusted WT was higher than most populations worldwide. CONCLUSIONS The similar mass-adjusted TEE of Daasanach and industrialised populations supports the hypothesis that habitual TEE is constrained, with physically demanding lifestyles necessitating trade-offs in energy allocation. Elevated WT in the absence of elevated TEE likely reflects a demanding active lifestyle in a hot, arid climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zane S Swanson
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Global Food and Water Security Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Rimbach
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Emmanuel Ndiema
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - David R Braun
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Anthropology Department, George Washington University, Washington, WA, USA
- Technological Primate Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, PA State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Vieira IB, Sette NSV, de Oliveira CA, Correia MITD, Duarte CK, Generoso SV. Comparison of pre- and posttransplant energy expenditure in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and evaluation of associated factors. Nutrition 2024; 118:112260. [PMID: 37980778 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may present with metabolic alterations that can have an effect on their energy expenditure and nutritional status. This project aimed to compare the pre- and posttransplant energy expenditures of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as well as related factors. METHODS This prospective study was conducted at a single center. Patients, undergoing autograft or allograft, were evaluated before transplantation and on the 10th and 17th d posttransplantation. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Diet intake was assessed by a 24-h dietary recall. Infectious and noninfectious complications were analyzed between days 1 to 10 after transplantation and days 11 to 17 after transplantation. Paired model analyses were carried out to identify the pretransplantation and posttransplantation periods. RESULTS Twenty patients were evaluated with a mean age of 45.6 ± 17.2 y; a majority were male sex (65%), and the most frequent diagnoses were chronic myeloid leukemia (25%) and multiple myeloma (25%). Energy expenditure increased by 15% posttransplantation, and the energy requirement per kilogram of weight was 23 kcal/kg at day 10 after transplantation. Throughout the posttransplantation period, 45% of the patients required nutritional therapy. Negative energy and negative protein balance were observed at all analyzed times. Phase angle (P = 0.018), fever (P = 0.014), mucositis grades I to II (P = 0.018), and the total number of infectious and noninfectious events (P = 0.043) were associated with an increase in energy expenditure at day 10 after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Energy expenditure increased after transplantation compared with pretransplantation in 50% of patients. Phase angle, fever, grades I to II mucositis, and infectious and noninfectious events were associated with increased energy expenditure at day 10 after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Barbosa Vieira
- Nutrition and Health Program, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nayara Salgado Vieira Sette
- Food Sciences, Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Kummel Duarte
- Nutrition and Health Program, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Vasconcelos Generoso
- Nutrition and Health Program, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Middleton EK, Gilbert MJH, Landry T, Lamarre SG, Speers-Roesch B. Environmental variation associated with overwintering elicits marked metabolic plasticity in a temperate salmonid, Salvelinus fontinalis. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246743. [PMID: 38235572 PMCID: PMC10911287 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Poleward winters commonly expose animals, including fish, to frigid temperatures and low food availability. Fishes that remain active over winter must therefore balance trade-offs between conserving energy and maintaining physiological performance in the cold, yet the extent and underlying mechanisms of these trade-offs are not well understood. We investigated the metabolic plasticity of brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis), a temperate salmonid, from the biochemical to whole-animal level in response to cold and food deprivation. Acute cooling (1°C day-1) from 14°C to 2°C had no effect on food consumption but reduced activity by 77%. We then assessed metabolic performance and demand over 90 days with exposure to warm (8°C) or cold winter (2°C) temperatures while fish were fed or starved. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) decreased substantially during initial cooling from 8°C to 2°C (Q10=4.2-4.5) but brook char exhibited remarkable thermal compensation during acclimation (Q10=1.4-1.6). Conversely, RMR was substantially lower (40-48%) in starved fish, conserving energy. Thus, the absolute magnitude of thermal plasticity may be masked or modified under food restriction. This reduction in RMR was associated with atrophy and decreases in in vivo protein synthesis rates, primarily in non-essential tissues. Remarkably, food deprivation had no effect on maximum oxygen uptake rates and thus aerobic capacity, supporting the notion that metabolic capacity can be decoupled from RMR in certain contexts. Overall, our study highlights the multi-faceted energetic flexibility of Salvelinus spp. that likely contributes to their success in harsh and variable environments and may be emblematic of winter-active fishes more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella K. Middleton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
| | - Matthew J. H. Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
| | - Thomas Landry
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Simon G. Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada, E1A 3E9
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada, E2K 5E2
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21
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Jia M, Liu S, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Li M, Qi X, Qi X, Yu L, Zhang C, Jiang T, Pan T, Sun Y, Yu J, Su S, Li Y, Damba T, Batchuluun K, Liang Y, Zhou L. Deletion of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter in adipose tissue promotes energy expenditure and alleviates diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101873. [PMID: 38199601 PMCID: PMC10831290 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown a correlation between obesity and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, yet it is unclear whether and how Mcu regulates adipocyte lipid deposition. This study aims to provide new potential target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, and to explore the function of Mcu in adipose tissue. METHODS We firstly investigated the role of mitoxantrone, an Mcu inhibitor, in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in mouse adipocytes (3T3-L1 cells). Secondly, C57BL/6J mice were used as a research model to investigate the effects of Mcu inhibitors on fat accumulation and glucose metabolism in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD), and by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, adipose tissue-specific Mcu knockdown mice (Mcufl/+ AKO) and Mcu knockout of mice (Mcufl/fl AKO) were obtained, to further investigate the direct effects of Mcu on fat deposition, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice on a high-fat diet. RESULTS We found the Mcu inhibitor reduced adipocytes lipid accumulation and adipose tissues mass in mice fed an HFD. Both Mcufl/+ AKO mice and Mcufl/fl AKO mice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity, compared to control mice. Mice with Mcufl/fl AKO showed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, inhibition of Mcu promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and adipocyte browning, increase energy expenditure and alleviates diet-induced obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates a link between adipocyte lipid accumulation and mCa2+ levels, suggesting that adipose-specific Mcu deficiency alleviates HFD-induced obesity and ameliorates metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. These effects may be achieved by increasing mitochondrial biosynthesis, promoting white fat browning and enhancing energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhiwang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinyi Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Caiyong Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tingli Pan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Songtao Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Turtushikh Damba
- School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, 14200, Mongolia
| | - Khongorzul Batchuluun
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Histology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulan Bator, 14200, Mongolia
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Goloni C, Pacheco LG, Luis LW, Theodoro SS, Scarpim LB, Dalpubel D, Rosenburg MG, Jeusette IC, Torre C, Pereira GT, Carciofi AC. High starch intake favours body weight control in neutered and spayed cats living in homes fed ad libitum. Br J Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38291971 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Different starch-to-protein ratios were compared among neutered and spayed domiciled cats. Male and female obese and non-obese cats were fed kibble diets ad libitum for 4 months high in starch (HS (38 % crude protein (CP)): starch 32 %, protein 38 %; DM basis) or high in protein (HP (55 % CP): starch 19 %, protein 55 %) but similar in energy and fat in a crossover design. Physical activity was evaluated using an accelerometer, and body composition (BC), energy expenditure (EE) and water turnover (WT) using the doubly labelled water method. Results were compared in a 2 diet × 2 sex × 2 body condition factorial arrangement. Cats fed the HS (38 % CP) diet maintained a constant body weight, but lean mass (LM) tended to be reduced in female obese but to be increased in male non-obese (P < 0·08) and increased in female non-obese cats (P = 0·01). The HP (55 % CP) diet induced an increase in cat body weight and LM (P < 0·05) without altering BC proportion. EE tended to be higher in males (351 (se 8) kJ/kg0·67/d) than females (330 (se 8) kJ/kg0·67/d; P = 0·06), was unaffected by diet or BC, decreased as age increased (R 2 0·44; P < 0·01) and increased as physical activity increased (R 2 0·58; P < 0·01). WT was higher for the HP (55 % CP) diet (P < 0·01) and increased with EE (R 2 0·65; P < 0·01). The HS (38 % CP) diet favoured body weight control during 4 months of ad libitum feeding. Caution is necessary to balance protein in diets of female obese cats over 5 years, as they may have low energy and food intake, with LM loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Goloni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia G Pacheco
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia W Luis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Scarpim
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dalpubel
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Meire Gallo Rosenburg
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gener T Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Aulus C Carciofi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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Alcantara JMA, Hausen M, Itaborahy A, Freire R. Impact of Equation Choice on Resting Metabolic Rate Ratio in High-Level Men and Women Athletes. J Am Nutr Assoc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38194347 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2301405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the impact of the RMR ratio cutoff point selected on the categorization of prevalence/absence of low energy availability among predictive equations in high-level athletes (n = 241 [99 women]; 52% competed at the World Championship and Olympic Games), and whether this categorization is influenced by sex and the predictive equation used.Methods: We assessed RMR using indirect calorimetry, predicted the RMR using the equations proposed by Harris-Benedict, FAO/WHO/UNU, de Lorenzo, ten Haaf and Wejis, Wong, Jagim, Cunningham, and Freire, and computed the RMR ratio for each equation.Results: We observed that the cumulative percentage of RMR ratio values increased at a faster rate using Jagim, ten Haaf and Wejis, and Cunningham equations compared to the other equations. At the 0.90 value (the most used cutoff point in literature), the Jagim equation categorized ≥ 50% of the athletes into "low energy availability". No Sex × Equation × Sport interaction effect was observed (F = 0.10, p = 1.0). There was a significant main effect to Sex (F = 11.7, p < 0.001, ES = 0.05), Sport (F = 16.4, p < 0.001, ES = 0.01), and Equation (F = 64.1, p < 0.001, ES = 0.19). Wong and FAO/WHO/UNU equations yielded the largest errors (assessed vs. predicted RMR) in men and women, respectively.Conclusion: The selected RMR ratio cutoff point influences the prevalence/absence of low energy availability characterization in high-level athletes and suggests that certain equations could bias its assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M A Alcantara
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matheus Hausen
- Olympic Laboratory, Brazil Olympic Committee, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Itaborahy
- Olympic Laboratory, Brazil Olympic Committee, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raul Freire
- Olympic Laboratory, Brazil Olympic Committee, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Miller RH, Bell EM, Russell Esposito E. Transfemoral limb loss modestly increases the metabolic cost of optimal control simulations of walking. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16756. [PMID: 38223753 PMCID: PMC10785795 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In transtibial limb loss, computer simulations suggest that the maintenance of muscle strength between pre- and post-limb loss can maintain the pre-limb loss metabolic cost. These results are consistent with comparable costs found experimentally in select cases of high functioning military service members with transtibial limb loss. It is unlikely that similar results would be found with transfemoral limb loss, although the theoretical limits are not known. Here we performed optimal control simulations of walking with and without an above-knee prosthesis to determine if transfemoral limb loss per se increases the metabolic cost of walking. Methods OpenSim Moco was used to generate optimal control simulations of walking in 15 virtual "subjects" that minimized the weighted sum of (i) deviations from average able-bodied gait mechanics and (ii) the gross metabolic cost of walking, pre-limb loss in models with two intact biological limbs, and post-limb loss with one of the limbs replaced by a prosthetic knee and foot. No other changes were made to the model. Metabolic cost was compared between pre- and post-limb loss simulations in paired t-tests. Results Metabolic cost post-limb loss increased by 0.7-9.3% (p < 0.01) depending on whether cost was scaled by total body mass or biological body mass and on whether the prosthetic knee was passive or non-passive. Conclusions Given that the post-limb loss model had numerous features that predisposed it to low metabolic cost, these results suggest transfemoral limb loss per se increases the metabolic cost of walking. However, the large differences above able-bodied peers of ∼20-45% in most gait analysis experiments may be avoidable, even when minimizing deviations from able-bodied gait mechanics. Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546515v2.full.pdf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross H. Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, United States of America
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Russell Esposito
- Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States of America
- Center for Limb Loss and Mobility, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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25
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Sakalidis KE, Menting SGP, Hettinga FJ. Influence of intellectual disability on exercise regulation: exploring verbal, auditory and visual guidance to contribute to promote inclusive exercise environments. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001765. [PMID: 38196941 PMCID: PMC10773414 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The role of intellectual disability (ID) in exercise regulation has remained largely unexplored, yet recent studies have indicated cognitive-related impaired pacing skills in people with ID. In a well-controlled laboratory environment, this study aims to (1) establish the role of ID in pacing and explore the ability of people with and without ID to maintain a steady pace; (2) to investigate if verbal feedback and/or (3) the presence of a pacer can improve the ability of people with ID to maintain a preplanned submaximal velocity. Methods Participants with (n=10) and without ID (n=10) were recruited and performed 7 min submaximal trials on a cycle ergometer (Velotron). Participants with ID also performed a cycling trial with a pacer (virtual avatar). Results The non-parametric tests for repeated measures data (p≤0.05) showed that (1) people with ID deviated more from the targeted pace compared with people without ID, (2) the verbal feedback did not influence their ability to keep a steady pace and (3) they deviated less from the targeted pace when a visual pacer was introduced. Conclusion The results revealed the difficulties of people with ID in planning and monitoring their exercise and the difficulties in appropriately responding to auditory and verbal feedback. Coaches and stakeholders who want to offer inclusive exercise pathways should consider that people with ID perform and pace themselves better when supported by intuitive, visual and personally meaningful stimuli such as other cyclists (avatars).
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Herrmann SD, Willis EA, Ainsworth BE, Barreira TV, Hastert M, Kracht CL, Schuna JM, Cai Z, Quan M, Tudor-Locke C, Whitt-Glover MC, Jacobs DR. 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: A third update of the energy costs of human activities. J Sport Health Sci 2024; 13:6-12. [PMID: 38242596 PMCID: PMC10818145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity (PA) across studies. The original version was updated in 2000, and again in 2011, and has been widely used to support PA research, practice, and public health guidelines. METHODS This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those ≥60 years. Using a systematic review and supplementary searches, we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent (MET) values (using indirect calorimetry) published since 2011. We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible. RESULTS We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers. We added 303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults. We added a Major Heading (Video Games). The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs (912 with measured and 202 with estimated values) across 22 Major Headings. CONCLUSION This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium, which has utility across research, public health, education, and healthcare domains, as well as in the development of consumer health technologies. The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Herrmann
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Erik A Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Exercise Science Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Mary Hastert
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Chelsea L Kracht
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - John M Schuna
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Zhenghui Cai
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | | | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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Yilmaz U, Tanbek K. Spexin may induce mitochondrial biogenesis in white and brown adipocytes via the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114401. [PMID: 37939828 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of spexin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis (TRH, TSH, T4 and T3 hormones) and energy expenditure (PGC-1α and UCP1 genes) in white adipose (WAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT) in rats. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the effects of spexin on food-water consumption and body weight of rats. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study was conducted with 40 male rats that were divided into 4 groups: Control, Sham, Spexin 30 and Spexin 100 (n = 10). Spexin (1 μl/hour) was administered to rats other than those in the control group for 7 days with osmotic minipumps intracerebroventricularly, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (vehicle) was administered to the Sham group, and 30 nMol and 100 nMol spexin was infused to the Spexin 30 and Spexin 100 groups, respectively. Food-water consumption and body weight of the rats were monitored during the experiments. After the seven-day infusion, the rats were decapitated and serum TSH, fT4 and fT3 levels were determined with ELISA on rat blood samples. Also, TRH gene expression levels from the hypothalamus tissues and PGC-1α and UCP1 expression levels from WAT and BAT were determined by real-time PCR. FINDINGS It was determined that icv spexin infusion reduced daily food consumption and body weight without leading to a significant change in water consumption (p < 0.05). Icv spexin infusion significantly decreased serum TSH, and increased fT4 and fT3 levels when compared to control and sham groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, icv spexin infusion increased the TRH expressions in the hypothalamus tissues and PGC-1α UCP1 in the WAT and BAT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Icv Spexin infusion may have effects on food consumption and body weight as well as, thyroid hormones and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - Kevser Tanbek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Queiros Q, McKenzie DJ, Dutto G, Killen S, Saraux C, Schull Q. Fish shrinking, energy balance and climate change. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167310. [PMID: 37742954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A decline in size is increasingly recognised as a major response by ectothermic species to global warming. Mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood but could include changes in energy balance of consumers, driven by declines in prey size coupled with increased energy demands due to warming. The sardine Sardina pilchardus is a prime example of animal shrinking, European populations of this planktivorous fish are undergoing profound decreases in body condition and adult size. This is apparently a bottom-up effect coincident with a shift towards increased reliance on smaller planktonic prey. We investigated the hypothesis that foraging on smaller prey would lead to increased rates of energy expenditure by sardines, and that such expenditures would be exacerbated by warming temperature. Using group respirometry we measured rates of energy expenditure indirectly, as oxygen uptake, by captive adult sardines offered food of two different sizes (0.2 or 1.2 mm items) when acclimated to two temperatures (16 °C or 21 °C). Energy expenditure during feeding on small items was tripled at 16 °C and doubled at 21 °C compared to large items, linked to a change in foraging mode between filter feeding on small or direct capture of large. This caused daily energy expenditure to increase by ~10 % at 16 °C and ~40 % at 21 °C on small items, compared to large items at 16 °C. These results support that declines in prey size coupled with warming could influence energy allocation towards life-history traits in wild populations. This bottom-up effect could partially explain the shrinking and declining condition of many small pelagic fish populations and may be contributing to the shrinking of other fish species throughout the marine food web. Understanding how declines in prey size can couple with warming to affect consumers is a crucial element of projecting the consequences for marine fauna of ongoing anthropogenic global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Queiros
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, Sète, Palavas-les-Flots, France; DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France.
| | - David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, Sète, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Gilbert Dutto
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, Sète, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Shaun Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Claire Saraux
- IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Schull
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, Sète, Palavas-les-Flots, France
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Willis EA, Herrmann SD, Hastert M, Kracht CL, Barreira TV, Schuna JM, Cai Z, Quan M, Conger SA, Brown WJ, Ainsworth BE. Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older. J Sport Health Sci 2024; 13:13-17. [PMID: 38242593 PMCID: PMC10818108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults ≥60 years (OA Compendium). METHODS Physical activities (PAs) and their metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost), and Scopus) and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults. MET values were computed as the oxygen cost (VO2, mL/kg/min) during PA divided by 2.7 mL/kg/min (MET60+) to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults. RESULTS We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs. From these, we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET60+ values for older adults. We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET60+ values: https://pacompendium.com. CONCLUSION The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults ≥60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults. It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers, educators, and practitioners to find MET60+ values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Stephen D Herrmann
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mary Hastert
- Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Chelsea L Kracht
- Clinical Science Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Exercise Science Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - John M Schuna
- School of Exercise & Sport Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Zhenghua Cai
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Scott A Conger
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA
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Van Soom T, Tjalma W, Van Daele U, Gebruers N, van Breda E. Comparison of energy expenditure measurements by a new basic respiratory room vs. classical ventilated hood. Nutr J 2023; 22:72. [PMID: 38114986 PMCID: PMC10731789 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional support is often based on predicted resting energy expenditure (REE). In patients, predictions seem invalid. Indirect calorimetry is the gold standard for measuring EE. For assessments over longer periods (up to days), room calorimeters are used. Their design makes their use cumbersome, and warrants improvements to increase utility. Current study aims to compare data on momentary EE, obtained by a basic respiration room vs. classical ventilated hood. The objective is to compare results of the basic room and to determine its 1)reliability for measuring EE and 2)sensitivity for minute changes in activity. METHODS Two protocols (P1; P2)(n = 62; 25 men/37 women) were applied. When measured by hood, participants in both protocols were in complete rest (supine position). When assessed by room, participants in P1 were instructed to stay half-seated while performing light desk work; in P2 participants were in complete rest mimicking hood conditions. The Omnical calorimeter operated both modalities. Following data were collected/calculated: Oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] O2(ml/min)), carbon dioxide production ([Formula: see text] CO2ml/min), 24h_EE (kcal/min), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Statistical analyses were done between modalities and between protocols. The agreement between 24h_EE, [Formula: see text] O2 and [Formula: see text] CO2 obtained by both modalities was investigated by linear regression. Reliability analysis on 24h_EE determined ICC. RESULTS No significant differences were found for 24h_EE and [Formula: see text] O2. [Formula: see text] CO2 significantly differed in P1 + P2, and P2 (hood > room). RER was significantly different (hood > room) for P1 + P2 and both protocols individually. Reliability of 24h_EE between modalities was high. Modality-specific results were not different between protocols. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The room is valid for assessing momentary EE. Minute changes in activity lead to a non-significant increase in EE and significant increase in RER. The significant difference in [Formula: see text] CO2 for hood might be related to perceived comfort. More research is necessary on determinants of RER, type (intensity) of activity, and restlessness. The design of the room facilitates metabolic measurements in research, with promising results for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timia Van Soom
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
- Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Van Daele
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- OSCARE, Organization for Burns, Scar Aftercare and Research, Van Roiestraat 18, Antwerp, 2170, Belgium
| | - Nick Gebruers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
- Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, 2650, Belgium.
| | - Eric van Breda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences & Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group MOVANT, Multi-Disciplinary Metabolic Research Unit (M2RUN), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
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Colosio AL, Teso M, Boone J, Pogliaghi S. Application and performance of heart-rate-based methods to estimate oxygen consumption at different exercise intensities in postmenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-023-05374-2. [PMID: 38110731 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heart rate (HR) is a widespread method to estimate oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2), exercise intensity, volume, and energy expenditure. Still, accuracy depends on lab tests or using indexes like HRnet and HRindex. This study addresses HR indexes' applicability in postmenopausal women (PMW), who constitute over 50% of the aging population and may have unique characteristics (e.g., heart size) affecting HR use. METHODS Fourteen PMW underwent a cycling ramp incremental test to establish the relationships between [Formula: see text]O2 (in MET) and absolute HR, HRnet, and HRindex. In a second group of ten PMW, population-specific and general equations were tested to predict MET and energy expenditure during six constant work exercises at various intensities. Pulmonary gas exchange and HR were continuously measured using a metabolic cart. Correlations, Bland-Altman analysis, and two-way RM-ANOVA were used to compare estimated and measured values. RESULTS Strong linear relationships between the three HR indexes and MET were found in Group 1. In Group 2, population-specific equations showed medium-to-high correlations, precision, and no significant biases when estimating MET and energy expenditure. HRnet and HRindex outperformed absolute HR in accuracy. General HR equations had similar correlations but exhibited larger biases and imprecision. Statistical differences between measured and estimated values were observed at all intensities with general equations. CONCLUSION This investigation confirms the suitability of HR for estimating aerobic metabolism in one of the most significant aging populations. However, it emphasizes the importance of considering individual variability and developing population-specific models when utilizing HR to infer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro L Colosio
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Massimo Teso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Pogliaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
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Dunn RE, Duckworth J, Green JA. A framework to unlock marine bird energetics. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246754. [PMID: 37990955 PMCID: PMC10753490 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Energetics can provide novel insights into the roles of animals, but employing an energetics approach has traditionally required extensive empirical physiological data on the focal species, something that can be challenging for those that inhabit marine environments. There is therefore a demand for a framework through which to estimate energy expenditure from readily available data. We present the energetic costs associated with important time- and energy-intensive behaviours across nine families of marine bird (including seabirds, ducks, divers and grebes) and nine ecological guilds. We demonstrate a worked example, calculating the year-round energetic expenditure of the great auk, Pinguinus impennis, under three migration scenarios, thereby illustrating the capacity of this approach to make predictions for data-deficient species. We provide a comprehensive framework through which to model marine bird energetics and demonstrate the power of this approach to provide novel, quantitative insights into the influence of marine birds within their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Lothian, EH14 4BA, UK
| | - James Duckworth
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 5DA, UK
| | - Jonathan A. Green
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 5DA, UK
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Bredum SK, Strathe AV, Jacobsen J, Christoffersen BØ, Gehre M, Kümmel S, Junghans P, Marcussen C. Quantifying energy expenditure in Göttingen Minipigs with the 13C-bicarbonate method under basal and drug-treated conditions. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:388-396. [PMID: 38057031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatments of obesity focusing on energy expenditure (EE) are needed. To evaluate future EE-modulating drug candidates, appropriate animal models and methods to assess EE are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the stable isotope 13C-bicarbonate method (13C-BM) for estimating EE in Göttingen minipigs under basal and drug-treated conditions. Four experiments (Expt.1-4) were conducted to assess: 1) the 13C-BM reproducibility using breath sample collection (n = 8), on two consecutive days, 2) the effect of two dose levels (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)) of the mitochondrial uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP) in a crossover design (n = 8), 3) sampling method agreement; blood vs. exhaled air (n = 6) and 4) 13C-BM using constant isotope infusion compared with indirect calorimetry (IC) (n = 3). Results correlated significantly (p < 0.001) between days (Expt.1), with an average coefficient of variance of 5.4 ± 2.3%. Administration of 10 mg DNP/kg BW increased (p < 0.01) EE by 33.2 ± 6.4% (Expt.2). Results based on different sampling methods correlated significantly (p < 0.001) and EE increased after 10 mg DNP/kg BW (p < 0.05) in Expt.3. However, results based on blood sampling were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those of exhaled air. No effect of DNP and significantly different EE results (p < 0.05) was observed in a limited number of animals, when constant isotope infusion and blood sampling was compared with IC (Expt.4). In conclusion, the 13C-BM is useful for investigating treatment effects on EE in minipigs. However, further validation under standardized conditions is needed to provide accurate estimates of the 13C recovery factor and respiratory quotient, both of decisive importance when using the 13C-BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Bredum
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja V Strathe
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Junghans
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner', Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Marcussen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pacioni C, Sentís M, Hambly C, Speakman JR, Kerimov A, Bushuev A, Lens L, Strubbe D. Great tits (Parus major) in a west European temperate forest show little seasonal variation in metabolic energy requirements. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103748. [PMID: 37984051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how birds annually allocate energy to cope with changing environmental conditions and physiological states is a crucial question in avian ecology. There are several hypotheses to explain species' energy allocation. One prominent hypothesis suggests higher energy expenditure in winter due to increased thermoregulatory costs. The "reallocation" hypothesis suggests no net difference in seasonal energy requirements, while the "increased demand" hypothesis predicts higher energy requirements during the breeding season. Birds are expected to adjust their mass and/or metabolic intensity in ways that are consistent with their energy requirements. Here, we look for metabolic signatures of seasonal variation in energy requirements of a resident passerine of a temperate-zone (great tit, Parus major). To do so, we measured whole-body and mass-independent basal (BMR), summit (Msum), and field (FMR) metabolic rates during late winter and during breeding in Belgian great tits. During the breeding season, birds had on average 10% higher whole-body BMR and FMR compared to winter, while their Msum decreased by 7% from winter to breeding. Mass-independent metabolic rates showed a 10% increase in BMR and a 7% decrease in Msum from winter to breeding. Whole-body BMR was correlated with Msum, but this relationship did not hold for mass-independent metabolic rates. The modest seasonal change we observed suggests that great tits in our temperature study area maintain a largely stable energy budget throughout the year, which appears mostly consistent with the reallocation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Pacioni
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marina Sentís
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anvar Kerimov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Bushuev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Macena MDL, Pereira MR, Carvalho GCDO, Santos JVLD, Silva Júnior AED, Praxedes DRS, Pfrimer K, Ferriolli E, de Menezes Toledo TM, Bueno NB. Adequacy of the "pocket formulas" for measuring total energy expenditure in healthy women compared with the new DRI equation: A doubly labeled water study. Nutrition 2023; 116:112183. [PMID: 37804555 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES "Pocket formulas" are practical alternatives for calculating an individual's total energy expenditure (TEE). Typically, more sophisticated predictive equations are used, such as the new equations proposed in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Nevertheless, these new equations necessitate estimating physical activity levels (PALs). The aim of this study was to compare the use of pocket formulas (kcal/kg of body weight) with the new predictive equations for energy expenditure proposed by the DRI (2023) in healthy women and with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method to predict TEE. METHODS The TEEs of healthy adult women were measured by DLW and calculated using the pocket formulas (× 20, × 25, × 30, and × 35 kcal/kg of body weight) and the new DRI equation. PALs by triaxial accelerometers were also collected. RESULTS The study included 55 women. For the entire sample, the × 30 pocket formula had the lowest bias (-6%; limits of agreement [LOAs]: -39.8; 27.5; root mean square error: 373.4) and the highest precision (42%). The pocket formulas showed reasonable agreement in the different body mass index categories compared with the results found by the 2023 DRI proposal. For individuals with normal weight, the agreement was × 35 kcal/kg: bias (%) = -4.8; LoA = -41.5; 31.8, with overweight, it was × 30 kcal/kg: bias (%) = -2.2; LoA = -25.1; 20.6, and with obesity, it was × 30 kcal/kg: bias (%) = 4.2; LoA = -21.1; 29.4. CONCLUSION Pocket formulas provide a reasonable agreement with TEE in healthy, sedentary, or low-active adult women, which may be a more simplistic strategy when there is no PAL data for calculating the DRI equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Lima Macena
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Micnéias Roberth Pereira
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - João Victor Laurindo Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dafiny Rodrigues Silva Praxedes
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Solianik R, Židonienė K, Brazaitis M. Short-duration cold exposure decreases fasting-induced glucose intolerance but has no effect on resting energy expenditure. Cryobiology 2023; 113:104564. [PMID: 37541564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brief cold exposure can reverse fasting-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and improve resting energy expenditure (REE). Twelve young non-obese women were randomly assigned to undergo the following conditions: 2 days of fasting with two 10-min whole-body cold-water immersions on separate days (FAST-COLD), 2 days of fasting without cold-water immersions (FAST), 2 days of usual diet with two 10-min whole-body cold-water immersions on separate days (COLD), or 2 days of usual diet without cold-water immersions (CON) in a randomised crossover fashion. Changes in REE and substrate utilisation, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity from the oral glucose tolerance test were examined. The results showed that FAST-COLD and FAST trials increased (P < 0.05) REE and decreased (P < 0.05) respiratory quotient, but these variables did not differ significantly between the FAST-COLD and FAST trials. The glucose and insulin area under the curves (AUCs) were higher (P < 0.05) in the FAST-COLD and FAST trials than in the CON and COLD trials, and these AUCs were lower (P < 0.05) in the FAST-COLD than in the FAST trial. Matsuda index was lower in the FAST trial than in the CON trial (P < 0.05), and tended to be greater after the FAST-COLD trial than after the FAST trial (P = 0.060). In conclusion, cold exposure had no effect on REE but decreased fasting-induced glucose intolerance which was accompanied by a maintained insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Katerina Židonienė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Scheffer JH, Dunshea-Mooij CAE, Armstrong S, MacManus C, Kilding AE. Prevalence of low energy availability in 25 New Zealand elite female rowers - A cross sectional study. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:640-645. [PMID: 37802760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify energy availability (EA) in elite female rowers, determine its association with bone mineral density (BMD), and examine the ability of the low energy availability in females-questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and brief eating disorder in athletes-questionnaire (BEDA-Q) to distinguish between low and normal EA. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. METHODS Twenty-five elite female rowers participated in the study. EA was calculated by means of a 4-day food intake diary and analysis of training load. Low energy availability (LEA) was defined as EA <30 kCal * kg-1 * FFM-1 * day-1. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess fat free mass (FFM) and BMD Z-scores. LEA risk was assessed using the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q. RESULTS The mean EA was 23.2 ± 12.2 kCal * kg-1 * FFM-1 * day-1. Prevalence of LEA was 64 %. The mean BMD Z-score was 1.6 ± 0.6 (range: 0.7 to 2.9). Athletes with LEA had a significantly higher BEDA-Q score than the group with normal EA (mean 0.30 ± 0.17 vs. 0.09 ± 0.11, P < 0.05), but LEAF-Q score was not different between groups (mean 10.4 ± 4.6, 8.2 ± 4.5, P = 0.29). CONCLUSION Low energy availability is common amongst elite female rowers in New Zealand and is positively correlated with higher scores on the BEDA-Q. Bone mineral density was normal irrespective of EA status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stuart Armstrong
- Rowing New Zealand/High Performance Sport New Zealand, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew E Kilding
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology/High Performance Sport New Zealand, New Zealand
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Meloni F, Benavente Y, Becker N, Delphine C, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Nieters A, Staines A, Trobbiani C, Pilia I, Zucca M, Cocco P. Lifetime occupational and recreational physical activity and risk of lymphoma subtypes. Results from the European Epilymph case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 87:102495. [PMID: 37992416 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is known to convey protection against several cancers. However, results on the risk of lymphoma overall and its subtypes have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate occupational and recreational physical activity in relation to risk of lymphoma subtypes adjusting for established occupational risk factors. We applied standardized tools to assess energy expenditure at work and in recreational physical activities to the questionnaire information on lifetime work and exercise history in 1117 lymphoma cases, including Hodgkin lymphoma, and B-cell (including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma) and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtypes, and 1207 controls who took part in the multicentre European EpiLymph case-control study. We calculated the risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), B-cell NHL and its most represented subtypes, and Hodgkin's lymphoma (all subtypes) associated with weekly average Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET-hours/week) and cumulative MET-hours of lifetime recreational, occupational, and total physical activity, with unconditional logistic regression and polytomous regression analysis adjusting by age, centre, sex, education, body mass index, history of farm work and solvent use. We observed an inverse association of occupational, and total physical activity with risk of lymphoma (all subtypes), and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among women, and an upward trend in risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma with recreational and total physical activity among men, for which we cannot exclude chance or bias. Our results suggest no effect of overall physical activity on risk of lymphoma and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Carlotta Trobbiani
- Occupational Medicine Residency Program, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pilia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Zucca
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Sulcis Local Health Unit, Carbonia, SU, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Studies, Healthcare Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the great progress in obesity-tackling strategies, a negative energy equilibrium between energy expenditure and energy intake remains the cornerstone in obesity management. The present review article aims to shed light on the complicated interrelations of resting metabolic rate to weight fluctuations. RECENT FINDINGS Energy expenditure depends on body composition and is highly affected by weight changes, exerting a significant role in subsequent weight regain and underlining the metabolic resistance that people with obesity face when dealing with weight maintenance. The main tissue involved in energy expenditure is fat-free mass, as opposed to fat mass, which exerts a substantially lower impact. Although people with obesity display higher energy expenditures than their lean counterparts, these decrease substantially in the setting of weight loss. Metabolic adaptation is the difference between measured and predicted RMR after weight loss, either via lifestyle modification or after obesity surgery. Plausible explanations for this include differences in body composition, with loss of fat-free mass playing a significant role. This becomes especially apparent in the setting of rapid and massive weight loss, as in the case of bariatric surgery. A better understanding of energy expenditure pathophysiology may aid in further enhancing weight loss and promoting weight maintenance in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nefeli Fountouli
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, 15125, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Blumstein DM, MacManes MD. When the tap runs dry: the physiological effects of acute experimental dehydration in Peromyscus eremicus. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246386. [PMID: 37921453 PMCID: PMC10714145 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Desert organisms have evolved physiological, biochemical and genomic mechanisms to survive the extreme aridity of desert environments. Studying desert-adapted species provides a unique opportunity to investigate the survival strategies employed by organisms in some of the harshest habitats on Earth. Two of the primary challenges faced in desert environments are maintaining water balance and thermoregulation. We collected data in a simulated desert environment and a captive colony of cactus mice (Peromyscus eremicus) and used lab-based experiments with real time physiological measurements; energy expenditure, water loss rate and respiratory exchange rate, to characterize the response to water deprivation. Mice without access to water had significantly lower energy expenditures and in turn, reduced water loss compared to mice with access to water after the first 24 h of the experiment. Additionally, we observed significant mass loss that is probably due to dehydration-associated anorexia a response to limit fluid loss by reducing waste and the solute load as well as allowing water reabsorption from the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we observed body temperature correlated with sex, with males without access to water maintaining body temperature when compared with hydrated males, whereas body temperature decreased for females without access to water, suggesting daily metabolic depression in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Blumstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Matthew D. MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Abstract
Interoception plays an important role in homeostatic regulation of energy intake and metabolism. Major interoceptive pathways include gut-to-brain and adipose tissue-to brain signaling via vagal sensory nerves and hormones, such as leptin. However, signaling via spinal sensory neurons is rapidly emerging as an additional important signaling pathway. Here we provide an in-depth review of the known anatomy and functions of spinal sensory pathways and discuss potential mechanisms relevant for energy balance homeostasis in health and disease. Because sensory innervation by dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons goes far beyond vagally innervated viscera and includes adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and skin, it is in a position to provide much more complete metabolic information to the brain. Molecular and anatomical identification of function specific DRG neurons will be important steps in designing pharmacological and neuromodulation approaches to affect energy balance regulation in disease states such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Münzberg
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition & Metabolism Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Winfried L Neuhuber
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
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Deem JD, Tingley D, Watts CA, Ogimoto K, Bryan CL, Phan BAN, Damian V, Bruchas MR, Scarlett JM, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. High-fat diet feeding disrupts the coupling of thermoregulation to energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101835. [PMID: 37931788 PMCID: PMC10681932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preserving core body temperature across a wide range of ambient temperatures requires adaptive changes of thermogenesis that must be offset by corresponding changes of energy intake if body fat stores are also to be preserved. Among neurons implicated in the integration of thermoregulation with energy homeostasis are those that express both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) (referred to herein as AgRP neurons). Specifically, cold-induced activation of AgRP neurons was recently shown to be required for cold exposure to increase food intake in mice. Here, we investigated how consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) impacts various adaptive responses to cold exposure as well as the responsiveness of AgRP neurons to cold. METHODS To test this, we used immunohistochemistry, in vivo fiber photometry and indirect calorimetry for continuous measures of core temperature, energy expenditure, and energy intake in both chow- and HFD-fed mice housed at different ambient temperatures. RESULTS We show that while both core temperature and the thermogenic response to cold are maintained normally in HFD-fed mice, the increase of energy intake needed to preserve body fat stores is blunted, resulting in weight loss. Using both immunohistochemistry and in vivo fiber photometry, we show that although cold-induced AgRP neuron activation is detected regardless of diet, the number of cold-responsive neurons appears to be blunted in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that HFD-feeding disrupts the integration of systems governing thermoregulation and energy homeostasis that protect body fat mass during cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Tingley
- Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina A Watts
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kayoko Ogimoto
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caeley L Bryan
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bao Anh N Phan
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Damian
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Moonen HPFX, Hermans AJH, Bos AE, Snaterse I, Stikkelman E, van Zanten FJL, van Exter SH, van de Poll MCG, van Zanten ARH. Resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in mechanically ventilated patients during ICU stay and post-ICU hospitalization: A prospective observational study. J Crit Care 2023; 78:154361. [PMID: 37451114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The metabolic course during and after critical illness is unclear. We performed repeated indirect calorimetry (IC) measurements during ICU- and post-ICU hospitalization to determine resting energy expenditure (REE). METHODS Prospective observational design. In ventilated ICU patients, IC measurements were performed every three days until hospital discharge. Measured REE as predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation (HBE-REE) and 25 kcal/adjusted body weight/day (25-REE) were compared. RESULTS In 56 patients (38% females, 71[13]years, BMI 29(27;31)kg/m2), 189 ICU IC measurements were performed. Measured REE did not differ from HBE-REE at ICU admission, but was lower than 25-REE. Measured REE was increased compared to baseline on ICU-admission-day four (29(29-30)kcal/kg/day; mean difference 3.1(1.4-4.9)kcal/kg/day, p < 0.001) and thereafter during ICU admission. During post-ICU ward stay, 44 measurements were performed in 23 patients, showing a higher mean REE than during ICU stay (33(31-35)kcal/kg/day; mean difference 2.6(1.2-3.9)kcal/kg/day, p < 0.001). The REE in the ICU and ward was >110% of HBE-REE from day four onwards. CONCLUSIONS Critically ill mechanically ventilated patients were shown to have a resting energy expenditure (REE) > 110% of predicted REE on ICU admission day four and thereafter. Indirect calorimetry measurements suggest that the mean energy requirements during post-ICU hospitalization are higher than those in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke P F X Moonen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anoek J H Hermans
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneloes E Bos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Ilana Snaterse
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Eline Stikkelman
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Florianne J L van Zanten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Sabien H van Exter
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel C G van de Poll
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition and Translantional Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur R H van Zanten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Cui X, Zhong H, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Li L, He J, Chen C, Wu Z, Ji C. The secreted peptide BATSP1 promotes thermogenesis in adipocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:377. [PMID: 38010450 PMCID: PMC10682272 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) has historically been viewed as a major site for energy dissipation through thermogenesis, its endocrine function has been increasingly recognized. However, the circulating factors in BAT that play a key role in controlling systemic energy homeostasis remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed a peptidomic analysis to profile the extracellular peptides released from human brown adipocytes upon exposure to thermogenic stimuli. Specifically, we identified a secreted peptide that modulates adipocyte thermogenesis in a cell-autonomous manner, and we named it BATSP1. BATSP1 promoted BAT thermogenesis and induced browning of white adipose tissue in vivo, leading to increased energy expenditure under cold stress. BATSP1 treatment in mice prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, BATSP1 facilitated the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of forkhead transcription factor 1 (FOXO1) and released its transcriptional inhibition of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Overall, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the human brown adipocyte extracellular peptidome following acute forskolin (FSK) stimulation and identify BATSP1 as a novel regulator of thermogenesis that may offer a potential approach for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin He
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenggang Wu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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Amin M, Gragnoli C. The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) is linked and associated with the risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:222. [PMID: 37993904 PMCID: PMC10664635 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) may contribute to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) since it plays important roles in physiological ovarian functions. PRLR-knockout mice have irregular cycles and subfertility and variants in or around the PRLR gene were associated in humans with female testosterone levels and recurrent miscarriage. We tested 40 variants in the PRLR gene in 212 Italian families phenotyped by type 2 diabetes (T2D) and PCOS and found two intronic PRLR-variants (rs13436213 and rs1604428) significantly linked to and/or associated with the risk of PCOS. This is the first study to report PRLR as a novel risk gene in PCOS. Functional studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaz Amin
- INSERM, US14-Orphanet, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68124, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, 00197, Italy.
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Kruschitz R, Fahrnberger M, Felsenreich DM, Ress C, Andersen B, Aydinkoc-Tuzcu K, Ciardi C, Huber SL, Kiefer FW. [Prevention and management of postinterventional weight regain]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:743-750. [PMID: 37821697 PMCID: PMC10567866 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing levels of patient motivation or compliance are far from being the only causes of postinterventional weight regain after lifestyle, psychological, pharmacological and surgical interventions. Weight regain originates from a complex and individually varying set of central and peripheral mechanisms, with the overall purpose of increasing food intake by both stimulating hunger and reducing satiety (mediated by gastrointestinal hormones) and decreasing the body's energy demands (via metabolic adaption). These mechanisms counteract any attempts to reduce or maintain body weight in today's increasingly prevalent adipogenic environments. The knowledge about the biological mechanisms of body weight regulation should be taken into consideration when planning treatment programs for long-term weight reduction, including follow-up treatment for the prevention and individualized treatment of postinterventional weight regain. Therapeutic measures as well as the frequency of medical follow-ups should be based on the extent of weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kruschitz
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen, Klagenfurt, Österreich
| | | | - Daniel Moritz Felsenreich
- Klinische Abteilung für Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinik für Allgemeinchirurgie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Claudia Ress
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | | | - Kadriye Aydinkoc-Tuzcu
- 5. Medizinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie, Rheumatologie und Akutgeriatrie, Klinik Ottakring, Wien, Österreich
| | - Christian Ciardi
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus St. Vinzenz, Zams, Österreich
| | - Simone Leonore Huber
- 1. Medizinische Abteilung mit Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Karl Landsteiner Institut für Adipositas und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Klinik Landstraße, Wien, Österreich
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
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Isacco L, Lambert C, Siroux J, Boscaro A, Cardenoux C, Julian V, Duclos M, Boirie Y, Pereira B, Ennequin G, Thivel D. Weight loss does not affect the sit-to-stand metabolic cost in adolescents with obesity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2511-2523. [PMID: 37310434 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is considerable interest in simple and effective methods to reduce sitting time and increase energy expenditure, and standing breaks have emerged as a realisable approach in individuals with obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which energy expenditure in standing differs from sitting, and whether this energetic and metabolic-related responses are modified following a weight loss program in adolescents with obesity. METHODS After body composition assessment (DXA), cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables were continuously recorded (indirect calorimetry) during 10 min while sitting and then during 5 min standing posture before (n = 21; T1) and at the end of a multidisciplinary intervention (n = 17; T2) in adolescents with obesity. RESULTS Before and after the intervention, energy expenditure and fat oxidation rates were significantly increased in standing compared with sitting. Weight loss did not change the relationship between sitting and standing energy expenditure. Sitting energy expenditure represented 1.0 and 1.1 Metabolic Equivalent of Task at T1 and T2, and increased to 1.1 and 1.2 during standing at T1 and T2, respectively. The percentage of change of android fat mass between T1 and T2 was positively associated with the percentage of change in energy expenditure from sitting to standing at T2. CONCLUSION The vast majority of the adolescents with obesity significantly increased their energy expenditure between sitting and standing, both before and after a weight loss intervention. However, the standing posture did not allow breaking the sedentary threshold. Abdominal fat mass is associated with energic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Isacco
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne University, UPR 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, Aubière cedex, France.
- International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Céline Lambert
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Siroux
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne University, UPR 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, Aubière cedex, France
| | - Audrey Boscaro
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne University, UPR 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, Aubière cedex, France
| | | | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR 1019, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- UMR 1019, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Human Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CSO-CALORIS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaël Ennequin
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne University, UPR 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, Aubière cedex, France
- International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne University, UPR 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, Aubière cedex, France
- International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CSO-CALORIS, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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48
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Peixoto ÁS, Moreno MF, Castro É, Perandini LA, Belchior T, Oliveira TE, Vieira TS, Gilio GR, Tomazelli CA, Leonardi BF, Ortiz-Silva M, Silva Junior LP, Moretti EH, Steiner AA, Festuccia WT. Hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatocyte Pten deletion reduces BAT UCP-1 and thermogenic capacity in mice, despite increasing serum FGF-21 and iWAT browning. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:731-743. [PMID: 37405670 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) markedly enhances liver secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a hepatokine that increases brown and subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissues (BAT and iWAT, respectively) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) content, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that an enhanced BAT and iWAT UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis induced by high levels of FGF-21 is involved in HCC-associated catabolic state and fat mass reduction. For this, we evaluated body weight and composition, liver mass and morphology, serum and tissue levels of FGF-21, BAT and iWAT UCP-1 content, and thermogenic capacity in mice with Pten deletion in hepatocytes that display a well-defined progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC upon aging. Hepatocyte Pten deficiency promoted a progressive increase in liver lipid deposition, mass, and inflammation, culminating with NASH at 24 weeks and hepatomegaly and HCC at 48 weeks of age. NASH and HCC were associated with elevated liver and serum FGF-21 content and iWAT UCP-1 expression (browning), but reduced serum insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels and BAT UCP-1 content and expression of sympathetically regulated gene glycerol kinase (GyK), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and fatty acid transporter protein 1 (FATP-1), which altogether resulted in an impaired whole-body thermogenic capacity in response to CL-316,243. In conclusion, FGF-21 pro-thermogenic actions in BAT are context-dependent, not occurring in NASH and HCC, and UCP-1-mediated thermogenesis is not a major energy-expending process involved in the catabolic state associated with HCC induced by Pten deletion in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álbert S Peixoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érique Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Perandini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Belchior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago E Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayna S Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Gilio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Tomazelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Leonardi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene Ortiz-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano P Silva Junior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Moretti
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508000, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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49
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Caley LR, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Smith L, Gale L, Barrett J, Kinsey L, Davey V, Nash M, Jones AM, Whitehouse JL, Shimmin D, Floto RA, White H, Peckham DG. Body mass index and nutritional intake following Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor modulator therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1002-1009. [PMID: 37422432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) modulator therapy is often associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This is thought to reflect improved clinical stability and increased appetite and nutritional intake. We explored the change in BMI and nutritional intake following ETI modulator therapy in adults with CF. METHODS Dietary intake, measured with myfood24®, and BMI were collected from adults with CF at baseline and follow-up as part of an observational study. Changes in BMI and nutritional intake in participants who commenced ETI therapy between time points were assessed. To contextualize findings, we also assessed changes in BMI and nutritional intake between study points in a group on no modulators. RESULTS In the pre and post ETI threapy group (n = 40), BMI significantly increased from 23.0 kg/m2 (IQR 21.4, 25.3) at baseline to 24.6 kg/m2 (IQR 23.0, 26.7) at follow-up (p<0.001), with a median of 68 weeks between time points (range 20-94 weeks) and median duration of ETI therapy was 23 weeks (range 7-72 weeks). There was a significant decrease in energy intake from 2551 kcal/day (IQR 2107, 3115) to 2153 kcal/day (IQR 1648, 2606), p<0.001. In the no modulator group (n = 10), BMI and energy intake did not significantly change between time points (p>0.05), a median of 28 weeks apart (range 20-76 weeks). CONCLUSIONS These findings tentatively suggest that the increase in BMI with ETI therapy may not simply be attributable to an increase in oral intake. Further exploration into the underlying aetiology of weight gain with ETI therapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Caley
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | | | - L Smith
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK
| | - L Gale
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Barrett
- West Midlands Regional Adult CF Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Kinsey
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - V Davey
- Dietetic Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - M Nash
- North East Essex Community Services, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A M Jones
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J L Whitehouse
- West Midlands Regional Adult CF Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Shimmin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - R A Floto
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H White
- Leeds Beckett University, Nutrition, Health & Environment, Leeds, UK
| | - D G Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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50
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Biltoft-Jensen A, Ygil KH, Knudsen L, Matthiessen J, Fagt S, Trolle E, Nielsen TH, Hansen DM, Licht CL, Martens M, Hambly C, Speakman JR, Christensen T. Validation of the 2 × 24 h recall method and a 7-d web-based food diary against doubly labelled water in Danish adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1444-1457. [PMID: 36805853 PMCID: PMC10511678 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority has suggested that EU countries implement the 2 × 24 h diet recall (2 × 24 h DR) method and physical activity (PA) measurements for national dietary surveys. Since 2000, Denmark has used 7 d food diaries (7 d FD) with PA questionnaires and measurements. The accuracy of the reported energy intakes (EI) from the two diet methods, pedometer-determined step counts and self-reported time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were compared with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labelled water (TEEDLW) technique and with PA energy expenditure (PAEE), respectively. The study involved fifty-two male and sixty-eight female volunteers aged 18-60 years who were randomly assigned to start with either the 24 h DR or the web-based 7 d FD, and wore a pedometer for the first 7 d and filled in a step diary. The mean TEEDLW (11·5 MJ/d) was greater than the mean reported EI for the 7 d FD (9·5 MJ/d (P < 0·01)) but the same as the 2 × 24 h DR (11·5 MJ/d). The proportion of under-reporters was 34 % (7 d FD) and 4 % (2 × 24 h DR). Most participants preferred the 7 d DR as it was more flexible, despite altering their eating habits. Pearson's correlation between steps corrected for cycling and PAEE was r = 0·44, P < 0·01. Spearman's correlation for self-reported hours spent in MVPA and PAEE was r = 0·58, P < 0·01. The 2 × 24 h DR performs better than the existing 7 d FD method. Pedometer-determined steps and self-reported MVPA are good predictors of PAEE in adult Danes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Karin Hess Ygil
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Lenette Knudsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Region Hovedstaden, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Matthiessen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | | | | | - Cecilie Löe Licht
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby2800, Denmark
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