1
|
Kajdanek A, Kołat D, Zhao LY, Kciuk M, Pasieka Z, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż. Britanin – a beacon of hope against gastrointestinal tumors? World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:523-530. [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i4.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Britanin is a bioactive sesquiterpene lactone known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. It also exhibits significant anti-tumor activity, suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The current body of research on Britanin includes thirty papers predominantly related to neoplasms, the majority of which are gastrointestinal tumors that have not been summarized before. To drive academic debate, the present paper reviews the available research on Britanin in gastrointestinal tumors. It also outlines novel research directions using data not directly concerned with the digestive system, but which could be adopted in future gastrointestinal research. Britanin was found to counteract liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and gastric tumors, by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, immune response, migration, and angiogenesis. As confirmed in pancreatic, gastric, and liver cancer, its most commonly noted molecular effects include nuclear factor kappa B and B-cell lymphoma 2 downregulation, as well as Bcl-2-associated X protein upregulation. Moreover, it has been found to induce the Akt kinase and Forkhead box O1 axis, activate the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, elevate interleukin-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ levels, reduce interleukin-10, as well as downregulate matrix metalloproteinase-9, Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1, and cyclooxygenase-2. It also inhibits Myc–HIF1α interaction and programmed death ligand 1 transcription by interrupting the Ras/ RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 signaling. Future research should aim to unravel the link between Britanin and acetylcholinesterase, mast cells, osteolysis, and ischemia, as compelling data have been provided by studies outside the gastrointestinal context. Since the cytotoxicity of Britanin on noncancerous cells is significantly lower than that on tumor cells, while still being effective against the latter, further in-depth studies with the use of animal models are merited. The compound exhibits pleiotropic biological activity and offers considerable promise as an anti-cancer agent, which may address the current paucity of treatment options and high mortality rate among patients with gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kajdanek
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pasieka
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schiavoni G, Messina B, Scalera S, Memeo L, Colarossi C, Mare M, Blandino G, Ciliberto G, Bon G, Maugeri-Saccà M. Role of Hippo pathway dysregulation from gastrointestinal premalignant lesions to cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:213. [PMID: 38424512 PMCID: PMC10903154 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First identified in Drosophila melanogaster, the Hippo pathway is considered a major regulatory cascade controlling tissue homeostasis and organ development. Hippo signaling components include kinases whose activity regulates YAP and TAZ final effectors. In response to upstream stimuli, YAP and TAZ control transcriptional programs involved in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal reorganization and stemness. MAIN TEXT While fine tuning of Hippo cascade components is essential for maintaining the balance between proliferative and non-proliferative signals, pathway signaling is frequently dysregulated in gastrointestinal cancers. Also, YAP/TAZ aberrant activation has been described in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation that precede cancer development, suggesting a role of Hippo effectors in triggering carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the architecture of the Hippo pathway and discuss the involvement of signaling cascade unbalances in premalignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, providing a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The biology of premalignant Hippo signaling dysregulation needs further investigation in order to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories triggering cancer inititation and develop effective early therapeutic strategies targeting the Hippo/YAP pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Schiavoni
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Messina
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scalera
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Mare
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bon
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kong MW, Sun FD, Pei ZY, Xu L, Wang ZB, Chen Y, Tang SQ, Yang TF, He GX. Cardiotoxicity induced by fluoropyrimidine drugs in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:251-254. [PMID: 38425398 PMCID: PMC10900142 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we review the article published in World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019, 11: 1031-1042. We specifically focus on the occurrence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of fluoropyrimidine drug-related cardiotoxicity in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Despite significant advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that have reduced mortality rates associated with digestive system tumors, the incidence and mortality rates of treatment-related cardiotoxicity have been increasing, severely impacting the survival and prognosis of cancer patients. Fluoropyrimidine drugs are widely used as antimetabolites in the treatment of malignant tumors, including gastrointestinal tumors, and they represent the second largest class of drugs associated with cardiotoxicity. However, there is often a lack of awareness or understanding regarding their cardiotoxic effects and associated risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Wei Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Feng-Di Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ying Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ze-Bi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shu-Qing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Fang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guo-Xiang He
- Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
WANG WEIXUE, WANG TONGTONG, ZHANG YAN, DENG TING, ZHANG HAIYANG, BA YI. Gastric cancer secreted miR-214-3p inhibits the anti-angiogenesis effect of apatinib by suppressing ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Oncol Res 2024; 32:489-502. [PMID: 38370339 PMCID: PMC10874472 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.046676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Different from necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy and other forms of cell death, ferroptosis is a mechanism that catalyzes lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids under the action of iron divalent or lipoxygenase, leading to cell death. Apatinib is currently used in the third-line standard treatment of advanced gastric cancer, targeting the anti-angiogenesis pathway. However, Apatinib-mediated ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells has not been reported yet. Tumor-secreted exosomes can be taken up into target cells to regulate tumor development, but the mechanism related to vascular endothelial cell ferroptosis has not yet been discovered. Here, we show that exosomes secreted by gastric cancer cells carry miR-214-3p into vascular endothelial cells and directly target zinc finger protein A20 to negatively regulate ACSL4, a key enzyme of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells and reducing the efficiency of Apatinib. In conclusion, inhibition of miR-214-3p can increase the sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to Apatinib, thereby promoting the antiangiogenic effect of Apatinib, suggesting a potential combination therapy for advanced gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - YAN ZHANG
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - TING DENG
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - HAIYANG ZHANG
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - YI BA
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hashemi M, Nazdari N, Gholamiyan G, Paskeh MDA, Jafari AM, Nemati F, Khodaei E, Abyari G, Behdadfar N, Raei B, Raesi R, Nabavi N, Hu P, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M. EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154988. [PMID: 38118215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers continue to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Understanding the molecular pathways associated with cancer progression and severity is essential for creating effective cancer treatments. In cancer research, there is a notable emphasis on Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a key player in gene expression influenced by its irregular expression and capacity to attach to promoters and alter methylation status. This review explores the impact of EZH2 signaling on various GI cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, esophageal, and cholangiocarcinoma. The primary function of EZH2 signaling is to facilitate the accelerated progression of cancer cells. Additionally, EZH2 has the capacity to modulate the reaction of GI cancers to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Numerous pathways, including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, serve as upstream regulators of EZH2 in these types of cancer. EZH2's enzymatic activity enables it to attach to target gene promoters, resulting in methylation that modifies their expression. EZH2 could be considered as an independent prognostic factor, with increased expression correlating with a worse disease prognosis. Additionally, a range of gene therapies including small interfering RNA, and anti-tumor agents are being explored to target EZH2 for cancer treatment. This comprehensive review underscores the current insights into EZH2 signaling in gastrointestinal cancers and examines the prospect of therapies targeting EZH2 to enhance patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Nazdari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Gholamiyan
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moghadas Jafari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Nemati
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Khodaei
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Abyari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Behdadfar
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran
| | - Behnaz Raei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suzuki N, Shindo Y, Nakajima M, Tsunedomi R, Nagano H. Current status of vaccine immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. Surg Today 2023:10.1007/s00595-023-02773-y. [PMID: 38043066 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in tumor immunology and molecular drug development have ushered in a new era of cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has shown promising results for several types of tumors, such as advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancers, and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Similarly, efforts have been made to develop immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transplantation, peptide vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines, specifically for gastrointestinal tumors. However, before the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy did not work as well as expected. In this article, we review immunotherapy, focusing on cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors, which generally target eliciting tumor-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We also review various vaccine therapies and describe the relationship between vaccines and adjuvants. Finally, we discuss prospects for the combination of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masao Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the predictive values of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199, CA125 and CA724 in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors. METHODS Among patients treated for gastrointestinal tumors at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College between December 2020 and March 2022, 572 patients were reviewed as the tumor group, and 700 healthy subjects from the physical examination center of the same hospital were reviewed as the control group. We evaluated the correlation between serum CEA, CA199, CA125, CA724 levels and pathological features in 572 patients with gastrointestinal tumors.The levels of serum CEA, CA199, CA125 and CA724 were compared between the two groups, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these markers alone and in combination. RESULTS Serum CEA level was correlated with tumor stage and metastasis, and CA199 was correlated with tumor stage, lymph node involvement and metastasis. CA125 and CA724 have no correlation with tumor pathological features. The levels of serum CEA, CA199 and CA125 were significantly increased in the tumor group compared with the control group, while serum CA724 levels did not significantly differ between groups (p > 0.05). In addition, in patients with gastric cancer (GC), esophageal cancer (EC), pancreatic cancer (PC), gallbladder cancer (GBC) or colorectal cancer (CRC), the serum CEA, CA199 and CA125 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). However, serum CA724 levels were increased only in CRC patients (p < 0.05). ROC curve evaluation results showed that while CA199, CA125 and CA724 alone had poor diagnostic efficacy in the tumor group, CEA was better. Specifically, CEA had better diagnostic efficacy in GC, PC, GBC and CRC; additionally, CA199 and CA125 had better diagnostic efficacy in PC. However, CA724 showed no diagnostic value in the tumor group and the single gastrointestinal tumor group. For diagnosis with multiple-marker combinations, CEA + CA199 + CA125 had the best diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.776, AUC = 0.650, AUC = 0.896, AUC = 0.840, AUC = 0.793) in the GC, EC, PC, GBC and CRC groups, and the sensitivity of multiple-marker combined detection was better than that of single-marker detection. CONCLUSIONS Serum CA724 has no diagnostic value for gastrointestinal tumors, and it cannot evaluate the pathological status of tumors. Serum CEA has excellent diagnostic efficacy in GC, PC, GBC and CRC, and its expression level is related to tumor stage and metastasis. Additionally, CA199 and CA125 have good diagnostic efficacy in PC. Among them, CA199 level was related to tumor stage, lymph node involvement and metastasis, and CA125 level was not related to pathological status. In addition, the multiple-marker combination CEA + CA199 + CA125 has the best diagnostic efficacy in GC, EC, PC, GBC and CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Cao
- Laboratory of Digestion, Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuming Zhu
- Laboratory of Digestion, Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, AnhuiProvince, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, AnhuiProvince, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, AnhuiProvince, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang A, Ji Q, Sheng X, Wu H. mRNA vaccine in gastrointestinal tumors: Immunomodulatory effects and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115361. [PMID: 37660645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors remain a significant healthcare burden worldwide, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. mRNA vaccines have emerged as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy, harnessing the immune system's potential to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. mRNA vaccines offer several advantages, including their ability to elicit both innate and adaptive immune responses, ease of production, and adaptability to different tumor types. In the context of gastrointestinal tumors, mRNA vaccines hold great potential as a therapeutic strategy. In this review, we will delve into the immunomodulatory mechanisms and immunotherapy strategies of mRNA vaccines in gastrointestinal tumors. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges and ongoing research efforts in optimizing mRNA vaccine development, delivery, and stability. By understanding the potential of mRNA vaccines in addressing the unmet medical need of gastrointestinal tumors, we aim to pave the way for improved treatment strategies and better patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qingming Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Liu J, Peng N, Hai S, Zhang S, Zhao H, Liu W. Role of non-canonical post-translational modifications in gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:225. [PMID: 37777749 PMCID: PMC10544213 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins contribute to the occurrence and development of tumors. Previous studies have suggested that canonical PTMs such as ubiquitination, glycosylation, and phosphorylation are closely implicated in different aspects of gastrointestinal tumors. Recently, emerging evidence showed that non-canonical PTMs play an essential role in the carcinogenesis, metastasis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, we summarized recent advances in sumoylation, neddylation, isoprenylation, succinylation and other non-canonical PTMs in gastrointestinal tumors, which comprehensively describe the mechanisms and functions of non-classical PTMs in gastrointestinal tumors. It is anticipated that targeting specific PTMs could benefit the treatment as well as improve the prognosis of gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuangshuang Hai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng C, Guo Y, Zhang X, Lv C, Li X, Li X. Omni-media health education combined with nanodrug therapy on the creation of gastrointestinal microenvironment and the improvement of treatment compliance in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Prev Med 2023:107567. [PMID: 37286090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the randomization method, 82 patients can be divided into two groups, the control group and the study group, each with 41 patients participating in the investigation. All patients in the control group were cared for, and the study group used a health education model. The treatment mode of each group needs to adopt adherence, and it is necessary to maintain a healthy diet, smoking cessation and alcohol cessation, and regular review during the treatment of regular exercise and emotional regulation. To enable patients to accurately grasp health knowledge during treatment, score self-management ability (ESCA), and maintain a level of satisfaction with care. (1) In the study group, the standard treatment of patients directly reached 97.56%, regular review reached 95.12%, regular exercise reached 90.24%, the degree of smoking cessation reached 92.68%. (2) The mastery of disease and health knowledge in the first group (95.12%) was significantly higher than that of (78.05%) (P < 0.05). (3) After the intervention, the first group scored higher for self-responsibility (27.07 ± 3.15), self-awareness (25.59 ± 3.11), health knowledge (40.38 ± 4.54), and self-care skills (36.45 ± 3.19) .(4) The nursing satisfaction level of the first group was (92.68%), which was significantly higher than that of the other group (75.61%). According to the conclusions, it can be shown that health education for tumor patients can improve patients' compliance with treatment and mastery of disease health knowledge, which is conducive to improving patients' self-management ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Feng
- Department of Nursing, Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Yumei Guo
- Department of Nursing, Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Heavy Ion Center of Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Caixia Lv
- Department of Nursing, Heavy Ion Center of Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Nursing, Heavy Ion Center of Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Nursing, Heavy Ion Center of Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sugimoto M, Murata M, Kawai T. Assessment of delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early-stage gastrointestinal tumors in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2916-2931. [PMID: 37274799 PMCID: PMC10237096 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i19.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed bleeding is a major and serious adverse event of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early-stage gastrointestinal tumors. The rate of post-ESD bleeding for gastric cancer is higher (around 5%-8%) than that for esophagus, duodenum and colon cancer (around 2%-4%). Although investigations into the risk factors for post-ESD bleeding have identified several procedure-, lesion-, physician- and patient-related factors, use of antithrombotic drugs, especially anticoagulants [direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin], is thought to be the biggest risk factor for post-ESD bleeding. In fact, the post-ESD bleeding rate in patients receiving DOACs is 8.7%-20.8%, which is higher than that in patients not receiving anticoagulants. However, because clinical guidelines for management of ESD in patients receiving DOACs differ among countries, it is necessary for endoscopists to identify ways to prevent post-ESD delayed bleeding in clinical practice. Given that the pharmacokinetics (e.g., plasma DOAC level at both trough and Tmax) and pharmacodynamics (e.g., anti-factor Xa activity) of DOACs are related to risk of major bleeding, plasma DOAC level and anti-FXa activity may be useful parameters for monitoring the anti-coagulate effect and identifying DOAC patients at higher risk of post-ESD bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushige Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alghanemi R, Tekin Z. Duodenal lipoma: robotic-assisted approach. J Surg Case Rep 2023; 2023:rjad220. [PMID: 37153827 PMCID: PMC10159684 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipomas are one of the most common benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, typically found in the small and large intestine. While most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, large duodenal lipomas are rare and present a unique set of diagnostic and management challenges due to their complex anatomic relationships with other vital structures. Endoscopic removal of large lipomas carries a risk of bleeding and can be difficult to access. To address these issues, robotic-assisted surgical approaches have been proposed as a viable alternative to laparoscopy, as demonstrated in this case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Alghanemi
- Correspondence address. Saarstraße 1, 14943 Luckenwalde, Germany. Tel: +493371-699233; Fax: +493371-699900; E-mail:
| | - Zülküf Tekin
- Department of Surgery, KMG Kliniken Luckenwalde, Luckenwalde 14943, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bergen ES, Friedrich A, Scherleitner P, Ferreira P, Kiesel B, Widhalm G, Kiesewetter B, Eckert F, Prager GW, Preusser M, Berghoff AS. Brain metastases from hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:177-185. [PMID: 36947280 PMCID: PMC10113327 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
While colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer represent the two gastrointestinal (GI) tumor entities with the highest incidence of brain metastatic (BM) disease, data on the clinical course of BM patients from hepatopancreatobiliary malignancies are rare. Patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN). Treated for BM between 1991 and 2017 at an academic care center were included. Brain metastases-free survival (BMFS) was defined as interval from first diagnosis until BM development. Overall survival (OS) was defined as interval from diagnosis of BM until death or last date of follow-up. Outcome was correlated with clinical and treatment factors. 29 patients from overall 6102 patients (0.6%) included in the Vienna Brain Metastasis Registry presented with BM from hepatopancreatobiliary primaries including 9 (31.0%) with CCA, 10 (34.5%) with HCC, 7 (24.1%) with PDAC and 3 (10.3%) with GEP NEN as primary tumor. Median BMFS was 21, 12, 14 and 7 months and median OS 4, 4, 6 and 4 months, respectively. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) below 80% (p = 0.08), age above 60 years (p = 0.10) and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) (p = 0.09) diagnosed concomitant to solid BM showed an inverse association with median OS (Cox proportional hazards model). In this cohort of patients with BM from hepatopancreatobiliary tumor entities, prognosis was shown to be very limited. Performance status, age and diagnosis of LC were identified as negative prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth S Bergen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Friedrich
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Scherleitner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro Ferreira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kiesewetter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S Berghoff
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krause A, Stocker G, Gockel I, Seehofer D, Hoffmeister A, Bläker H, Denecke T, Kluge R, Lordick F, Knödler M. Guideline adherence and implementation of tumor board therapy recommendations for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1231-40. [PMID: 35394231 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although participation in multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) is an obligatory quality criterion for certification, there is scarce evidence, whether MTB recommendations are consistent with consensus guidelines and whether they are followed in clinical practice. Reasons of guideline and tumor board deviations are poorly understood so far. METHODS MTB's recommendations from the weekly MTB for gastrointestinal cancers at the University Cancer Center Leipzig/Germany (UCCL) in 2020 were analyzed for their adherence to therapy recommendations as stated in National German guidelines and implementation within an observation period of 3 months. To assess adherence, an objective classification system was developed assigning a degree of guideline and tumor board adherence to each MTB case. For cases with deviations, underlying causes and influencing factors were investigated and categorized. RESULTS 76% of MTBs were fully adherent to guidelines, with 16% showing deviations, mainly due to study inclusions and patient comorbidities. Guideline adherence in 8% of case discussions could not be determined, especially because there was no underlying guideline recommendation for the specific topic. Full implementation of the MTBs treatment recommendation occurred in 64% of all cases, while 21% showed deviations with primarily reasons of comorbidities and differing patient wishes. Significantly lower guideline and tumor board adherences were demonstrated in patients with reduced performance status (ECOG-PS ≥ 2) and for palliative intended therapy (p = 0.002/0.007). CONCLUSIONS The assessment of guideline deviations and adherence to MTB decisions by a systematic and objective quality assessment tool could become a meaningful quality criterion for cancer centers in Germany.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang D, Li R, Jiang J, Qian H, Xu W. Exosomal circRNAs: Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal tumors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114053. [PMID: 36462315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal tumors, early diagnosis and treatment of these tumors is limited by the lack of effective and specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exosomes carry active molecules to mediate cell-to-cell communication, especially in the tumor microenvironment, and are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stably enriched in exosomes and show a unique circular structure, high stability, conservation, and tissue specificity. Exosomal circRNAs play important roles in regulating cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, and the immune microenvironment of gastrointestinal tumors and exhibit great potential as tumor biomarkers and anti-tumor targets or tools. This review briefly introduces the characteristics and functions of circRNAs and exosomes, and systematically describes the biological roles and mechanisms of exosomal circRNAs in gastrointestinal tumors. This article also summarizes the detection methodology of exosomal circRNAs and discusses their clinical significance as biomarkers and targets for gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Wang
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mortazavi M, Raufi E, Damghani T, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N, Eskandari M, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ, Pirhadi S, Firuzi O. Discovery of anticancer agents with c-Met inhibitory potential by virtual and experimental screening of a chemical library. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175395. [PMID: 36410418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase has recently emerged as an important target with therapeutic implications in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we carried out a docking virtual screening on an in-house library of 441 synthesized compounds and selected the compounds with the best interactions with the c-Met protein to be subjected to experimental tests. Ten compounds belonging to 3 different classes of chemical structures were selected for this purpose and their antiproliferative effects were studied against 4 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines including AsPC-1, Suit-2, Panc-1 and Mia-Paca-2 cells, primary PDAC cells and also c-Met amplified EBC-1 cell line by sulforhodamine-B assay. Apoptosis induction was examined by Hoechst 33258 staining and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide flow cytometric assay. The best compound was also assayed in three-dimensional cultures of AsPC-1 cells and its c-Met inhibitory potential was studied by immunoblotting and a homogenous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The compound with a phenanthrotriazine hydrazinyl scaffold bearing nitrophenyl pendant (PhTH) was the most active derivative, with IC50 values in the range of 5-8 μM. This compound exerted antiproliferative effect against AsPC-1 cells also in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). PhTH induced apoptosis, dose-dependently inhibited spheroid growth, inhibited c-Met activity in cell-free HTRF assay and also inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Met and its downstream effector ERK1/2 in AsPC-1 cells. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA analysis confirmed close interactions of PhTH with c-Met kinase domain. Some of the tested compounds in this study seem to be potential c-Met inhibitors with promising activities against PDAC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Raufi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Damghani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Eskandari
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bartolini I, Nannini G, Risaliti M, Matarazzo F, Moraldi L, Ringressi MN, Taddei A, Amedei A. Impact of microbiota-immunity axis in pancreatic cancer management. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4527-4539. [PMID: 36157926 PMCID: PMC9476869 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota impact on human diseases is well-known, and a growing body of literature is providing evidence about the complex interplay between microbiota-immune system-human physiology/pathology, including cancers. Together with the defined risk factors (e.g., smoke habits, diet, diabetes, and obesity), the oral, gut, biliary, and intrapancreatic microbiota contribute to pancreatic cancer development through different pathways including the interaction with the immune system. Unfortunately, a great majority of the pancreatic cancer patients received a diagnosis in advanced stages not amenable to be radically treated and potentially cured. Given the poor pancreatic cancer prognosis, complete knowledge of these complicated relationships could help researchers better understand the disease pathogenesis and thus provide early potential non-invasive biomarkers, new therapeutic targets, and tools for risk stratification that might result in greater therapeutic possibilities and eventually in a better and longer patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Bartolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Matteo Risaliti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesco Matarazzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Luca Moraldi
- Division of Oncologic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mortazavi M, Moosavi F, Martini M, Giovannetti E, Firuzi O. Prospects of targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103749. [PMID: 35728737 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses among all malignancies. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a main downstream effector of KRAS is involved in the regulation of key hallmarks of cancer. We here report that whole-genome analyses demonstrate the frequent involvement of aberrant activations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components in PDAC patients and critically evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence on the application of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway targeting agents. Combinations of these agents with chemotherapeutics or other targeted therapies, including the modulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are also examined. Although human genetic studies and preclinical pharmacological investigations have provided strong evidence on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PDAC, clinical studies in general have not been as promising. Patient stratification seems to be the key missing point and with the advent of biomarker-guided clinical trials, targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could provide valuable assets for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazine Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hirai K, Kuwahara T, Furukawa K, Kakushima N, Furune S, Yamamoto H, Marukawa T, Asai H, Matsui K, Sasaki Y, Sakai D, Yamada K, Nishikawa T, Hayashi D, Obayashi T, Komiyama T, Ishikawa E, Sawada T, Maeda K, Yamamura T, Ishikawa T, Ohno E, Nakamura M, Kawashima H, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M. Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions on endoscopic ultrasonography images. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:382-391. [PMID: 34783924 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is useful for the differential diagnosis of subepithelial lesions (SELs); however, not all of them are easy to distinguish. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the commonest SELs, are considered potentially malignant, and differentiating them from benign SELs is important. Artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning has developed remarkably in the medical field. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an AI system for classifying SELs on EUS images. METHODS EUS images of pathologically confirmed upper gastrointestinal SELs (GIST, leiomyoma, schwannoma, neuroendocrine tumor [NET], and ectopic pancreas) were collected from 12 hospitals. These images were divided into development and test datasets in the ratio of 4:1 using random sampling; the development dataset was divided into training and validation datasets. The same test dataset was diagnosed by two experts and two non-experts. RESULTS A total of 16,110 images were collected from 631 cases for the development and test datasets. The accuracy of the AI system for the five-category classification (GIST, leiomyoma, schwannoma, NET, and ectopic pancreas) was 86.1%, which was significantly higher than that of all endoscopists. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI system for differentiating GISTs from non-GISTs were 98.8%, 67.6%, and 89.3%, respectively. Its sensitivity and accuracy were significantly higher than those of all the endoscopists. CONCLUSION The AI system, classifying SELs, showed higher diagnostic performance than that of the experts and may assist in improving the diagnosis of SELs in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takamichi Kuwahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naomi Kakushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furune
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideko Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Marukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Handa City Hospital, Handa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Konan Kosei Hospital, Konan, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Daijuro Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Komiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Sawada
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
López-Gómez M, García de Santiago B, Delgado-López PD, Malmierca E, González-Olmedo J, Gómez-Raposo C, Sandoval C, Ruiz-Seco P, Escribano N, Gómez-Cerezo JF, Casado E. Gastrointestinal tumors and infectious agents: A wide field to explore. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:505-521. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i6.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is currently one of the main contributors to carcinogenesis. In fact, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has categorized eleven biological agents as group I carcinogens. It is estimated that around 16% of the 12.7 million new cancers diagnosed in 2008 were attributable to infectious agents. Although underdeveloped regions carry the highest incidence rates, about 7.4% of infection-related cancer cases occur in developed areas. Physicians are increasingly aware of the potential carcinogenic role of common virus like the Human Papilloma virus in cervical cancer, or the hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocarcinoma. However, the carcinogenic role of several other infectious agents is less recognized. Given that gastrointestinal malignancies carry an overall poor prognosis, a better understanding of the carcinogenic mechanisms triggered by infectious agents is key to decrease the rate of cancer related deaths. Preventive measures directed to such infections would ideally impact survival. In this paper we review the main pathogenic mechanisms related to the development of gastrointestinal malignancies induced by infectious microorganisms and other pathogens which are currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam López-Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department. Precision Oncology Laboratory, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28231, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García de Santiago
- Pharmacy Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Malmierca
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Olmedo
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Gómez-Raposo
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sandoval
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Seco
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Escribano
- Intensive Care Unit, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Francisco Gómez-Cerezo
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Casado
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu J, Sun L, Luo S, Zhu G, Zhou Y, Jiang M, Wang M. rh-ES and Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer in China: A Meta-analysis. Am J Med Sci 2021; 363:342-350. [PMID: 34958746 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin (rh-ES) combined with chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal tumors in China. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Weipu, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), with the last report through September 2019. The included research was scored using a modified Jadad scale, and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Twenty articles including 905 participants (experimental group [rh-ES combined with chemotherapy] 459; control group [chemotherapy alone] 446) were considered. The total effective rate for the experimental group in advanced gastrointestinal tumors was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference in adverse reactions was seen between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The short-term efficacy of rh-ES combined with chemotherapy for advanced gastrointestinal tumors was better, with fewer adverse reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
| | - Li'e Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yilang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Du XZ, Wen B, Liu L, Wei YT, Zhao K. Role of immune escape in different digestive tumours. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10438-10450. [PMID: 35004976 PMCID: PMC8686128 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i34.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A counterbalance between immune cells and tumour cells is key to fighting tumours, and immune escape is an important mechanism for the survival of tumour cells in the body. Tumor cells and their cytokines impair the activity of T cells, NK cells, macrophages and other immune cells through various ways, and change the expression of their own surface antigens so as to avoid the clearance of the immune system. Changes in major histocompatibility complex molecules, high expression of programmed death-ligand 1, and the presence of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are main means by which tumors impair the function of immune cells. During the development of tumours of the digestive system, different mechanisms acting on tumour cells, the TME, and immune cells lead to immune escape and promote tumour progression. In this paper, the mechanisms of immune escape in tumour cells of the digestive system are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ying-Ting Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu G, Li J, Yan X, Sun X, Yin Y, Lu X, Ma F, Ma F, Zheng J, Zhao W, Lv Y, Ren M, He S. Intraoperative localization of gastrointestinal tumors by magnetic tracer technique during laparoscopic-assisted surgery (with video). Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:1442-1449. [PMID: 34666594 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1963835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic localization of gastrointestinal tumors has long been an important objective. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical application of a magnetic tracer technique during laparoscopic-assisted surgery. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with gastrointestinal tumors, who voluntarily underwent endoscopic marking between May 2019 and May 2020, were enrolled. A magnetic ring was clamped onto tissues adjacent to the lesion and released during preoperative endoscopy. Then, another magnet ring or laparoscopic instrument was delivered to the wall of the digestive tract contralateral to the lesion and attracted, thus achieving accurate intraoperative localization. Observational evaluation included data regarding preoperative marking, intraoperative localization, operation, and safety. RESULTS Fifty-six of the 57 (98.2%) patients with gastric tumors (n = 35), duodenal tumors (n = 1), and colorectal tumors (n = 20), successfully underwent marking, localization, and resection. The mean margins of proximal and distal resection of colorectal tumors were 106 and 78 mm, respectively. The mean (± SD) duration of endoscopic marking and laparoscopic localization for gastric/duodenal and colorectal tumors were 5.3 ± 0.3, 1.0 ± 0.1, 5.5 ± 0.4, and 1.0 ± 0.1 min, respectively. No complications occurred in 56 of the 57 patients. CONCLUSIONS The magnetic tracer technique demonstrated promising potential as a localization method for gastrointestinal tumors, with superior safety, effectiveness, rapidity, and convenience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xinlan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ma
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mudan Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ferns GA, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Raeisi A, Arjmand MH. The Potential Role of Changes in the Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression: Strategy in Cancer Therapy. Gastrointest Tumors 2021; 8:169-176. [PMID: 34722470 DOI: 10.1159/000517771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cell metabolism are a well-known feature of some cancers, and this may be involved in the etiology of tumor formation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. These changes may affect fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis and are required to provide the increase in energy necessary for the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Gastrointestinal cancers remain a difficult-to-treat cancer, particularly as they are usually diagnosed at a late stage of disease and are associated with poor outcomes. Summary Recently, the changes in the metabolic pathways, including the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes involved, have been considered to be a potential target for therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key Message A combination of routine chemotherapy drugs with metabolic inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fu XM, Wang WJ, Song ZF. Role of RNA modification in gastrointestinal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1179-1185. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i20.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific chemical modification of macromolecular substances in organisms is an efficient way to regulate molecular structure and function. DNA and protein modifications can affect the activation of downstream signaling pathways, while RNA chemical modification plays a key role in the regulation of gene selective expression. There are more than 170 different types of RNA modification in nature. They are involved in the modification of coding and non-coding RNA. The dysregulation of RNA modification can affect many diseases. In this review, we focus on various RNA modifications including N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, 1-methyladenosine, N7-methylguanosine, and pseudouridine. We also summarize their roles in gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Fu
- Department of Painology, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan 432100, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Fang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amorim LC, Ferreira AR, Perez RO, Peixoto RD. Localized Well-Differentiated Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors - Where Are We in 2021? Clin Colorectal Cancer 2021; 21:e22-e27. [PMID: 34838461 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are slow-growing malignancies with distinct biologic and clinical characteristics. Most rectal-NETs are localized and well-differentiated, usually carrying an excellent prognosis. In this review, we aim at describing the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches for well-differentiated rectal NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Oliva Perez
- Hospital alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Colorectal Surgery Division, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, Surgical Oncology Division, São Paulo, Brazil; Angelita & Joaquim Gama Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Glosser LD, Lombardi CV, Knauss HM, Hopper W, Alalwan A, Stanek S. Treatment of duodenal lipoma with robotic-assisted transverse duodenotomy: A case report of novel approach. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 86:106366. [PMID: 34507195 PMCID: PMC8433243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Lipomas are the third most common benign tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically occurring in the colon or small intestine. Less than 100 cases of symptomatic duodenal lipomas have been reported. Symptoms include non-specific upper GI complaints of heartburn, fullness, or abdominal pain. This report highlights the rarity of symptomatic duodenal lipomas, lack of specific treatment guidelines, and adds to surgical literature a new treatment approach. Case presentation A 53-year-old Caucasian woman presented with 2-year history with main concerns for early satiety and constipation. CT scan with contrast of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a duodenal mass. Differential diagnosis included duodenal lipoma versus stricture, and IBS. Subsequent EGD revealed a 4 cm transverse duodenal submucosal mass. Endoscopic removal was deemed too great a risk of bleeding. Pre-operatively, the patient expressed frustration as the patient was tolerating only a liquid diet with one bowel movement weekly. Treatment with robotic assisted transverse duodenotomy was performed, with final pathology of benign lipomatous tissue. Post-operatively the patient had immediate relief of symptoms which persisted at 2-week and 4-month follow-ups. Clinical discussion This case demonstrates 3 primary learning points. First, duodenal lipomas should be included in the differential of vague upper GI symptoms. Second, we propose that surgeons consider treatment of duodenal lipomas utilizing robotic assisted approach. Third, we document the first robotic-assisted transverse duodenotomy for duodenal lipomas. Conclusion Clinicians should consider duodenal lipoma for patients with vague abdominal symptoms. We present a case of successful treatment with robotic-assisted transverse duodenotomy. Only a few cases of symptomatic duodenal lipoma have been reported. No specific treatment guidelines exist for duodenal lipomas. First-reported treatment of duodenal lipoma via robotic-assisted transverse duodenotomy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Glosser
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Conner V Lombardi
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Hanna M Knauss
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Wade Hopper
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abdullah Alalwan
- Edward via College of Osteopathic Medicine, 350 Howard St, Spartanburg, SC 29307, USA
| | - Stephen Stanek
- Toledo Promedica, Dept. of General Surgery, 2142 N Cove Blvd, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rasic P, Jovanovic-Tucovic M, Jeremic M, Djuricic SM, Vasiljevic ZV, Milickovic M, Savic D. B7 homologue 3 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in gastrointestinal tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:799-821. [PMID: 34457187 PMCID: PMC8371522 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common digestive system (DS) cancers, including tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC) as well as tumors of DS accessory organs such as pancreatic and liver cancer, are responsible for more than one-third of all cancer-related deaths worldwide, despite the progress that has been achieved in anticancer therapy. Due to these limitations in treatment strategies, oncological research has taken outstanding steps towards a better understanding of cancer cell biological complexity and heterogeneity. These studies led to new molecular target-driven therapeutic approaches. Different in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed significant expression of B7 homologue 3 (B7-H3) among the most common cancers of the GIT, including CRC, GC, and EC, whereas B7-H3 expression in normal healthy tissue of these organs was shown to be absent or minimal. This molecule is able to influence the biological behavior of GIT tumors through the various immunological and nonimmunological molecular mechanisms, and some of them are shown to be the result of B7-H3-related induction of signal transduction pathways, such as Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. B7-H3 exerts an important role in progression, metastasis and resistance to anticancer therapy in these tumors. In addition, the results of many studies suggest that B7-H3 stimulates immune evasion in GIT tumors by suppressing antitumor immune response. Accordingly, it was observed that experimental depletion or inhibition of B7-H3 in gastrointestinal cancers improved antitumor immune response, impaired tumor progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis and decreased resistance to anticancer therapy. Finally, the high expression of B7-H3 in most common cancers of the GIT was shown to be associated with poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize the established data from different GIT cancer-related studies and suggest that the B7-H3 molecule could be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for anticancer immunotherapy in these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Rasic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Maja Jovanovic-Tucovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Marija Jeremic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Slavisa M Djuricic
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka 78 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zorica V Vasiljevic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Maja Milickovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Djordje Savic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li YL, Huang HF, Le Y. Risk factors and predictive value of perioperative neurocognitive disorders in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:193. [PMID: 34281529 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the risk factors of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) mainly including postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors, and evaluate its predictive value. METHODS A total of 222 eligible elderly patients (≥65 years) scheduled for elective gastroenterectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled. The cognitive function assessment was carried out 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of risk factors for early POCD. The risk factors for POCD were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS Of all the 222 enrolled patients, 91 (41.0%) developed early POCD and 40 (18.0%) were identified as major POCD within 7 days after the surgery. Visual analogue score (VAS, 1st day, resting) ≥4 (OR = 7.618[3.231-17.962], P < 0.001) and alcohol exposure (OR = 2.398[1.174-4.900], P = 0.016) were independent risk factors for early POCD. VAS score (1st, resting) ≥4 (OR = 13.823[4.779-39.981], P < 0.001), preoperative white blood cell (WBC) levels ≥10 × 10*9/L (OR = 5.548[1.128-26.221], P = 0.035), blood loss ≥500 ml (OR = 3.317[1.094-10.059], P = 0.034), history of hypertension (OR = 3.046[1.267-7.322], P = 0.013), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥2 (OR = 3.261[1.020-10.419], P = 0.046) were independent risk factors for major POCD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that VAS score (1st day, resting) was a significant predictor for major POCD with a cut-off value of 2.68 and an area under the curve of 0.860 (95% confidence interval: 0.801-0.920, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The risk factors for early POCD after gastroenterectomy included high VAS score (1st day, resting) and alcohol exposure. High VAS score, preoperative WBC levels ≥10 × 10*9/L, blood loss ≥500 ml, NLR ≥2, and history of hypertension were independent risk factors for major POCD. Among them, VAS score was one of the important predictors.
Collapse
|
30
|
Takiguchi K, Furuya S, Sudo M, Saito R, Yamamoto A, Ashizawa N, Hirayama K, Shoda K, Akaike H, Hosomura N, Kawaguchi Y, Amemiya H, Kawaida H, Inoue S, Kono H, Ichikawa D. Prognostic effect of sarcopenia in colorectal cancer recurrence. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111362. [PMID: 34274653 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nutritional status significantly influences postoperative prognosis in gastrointestinal cancers. It has been evaluated using sarcopenia before treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, despite constant changes in nutritional status. We consider that nutritional status at cancer recurrence is one of the important factors that affect treatment choice and intensity. This study evaluated the prognostic effects of improved postoperative nutritional status for people with colorectal cancer recurrence. METHODS We enrolled 209 participants with pathologically confirmed stage II or III colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the psoas muscle index obtained from analysis of three-dimensional computed tomographic images. We adopted the cutoff value that was proposed by Hamaguchi et al. (psoas muscle index < 6.36 cm2/m2 for men and < 3.92 cm2/m2 for women). Evaluation was performed before surgery and at the time of recurrence. Participants with preoperative sarcopenia who relapsed were divided into two groups at the time of recurrence: sarcopenia continuation and sarcopenia improvement. We compared the prognosis of the two groups and examined the effect of postoperative nutritional improvement. RESULTS Among the 209 participants, 81 (38.8%) had preoperative sarcopenia; this group had significantly lower overall survival than those without sarcopenia (P = 0.028). Colorectal cancer recurred in 48 participants. Of those 46, sarcopenia was evaluated at the time of recurrence; 19 of those 46 had preoperative sarcopenia. Preoperative sarcopenia did not affect the cancer recurrence ratio (sarcopenia, 23.5%; non-sarcopenia, 21.3%; P = 0.893). The sarcopenia-improvement group had higher overall survival than the sarcopenia-continuation group (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Among participants with preoperative sarcopenia, the prognosis at the time of recurrence improved for the sarcopenia-improvement group compared to the sarcopenia-continuation group. In people with colorectal cancer and sarcopenia, nutritional management is important not only before but also after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takiguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Furuya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sudo
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryo Saito
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Ashizawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirayama
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaike
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Hosomura
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawaguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Amemiya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawaida
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shingo Inoue
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cunha Júnior AD, Bragagnoli AC, Costa FO, Carvalheira JBC. Repurposing metformin for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1883-1904. [PMID: 34007128 PMCID: PMC8108031 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i17.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer share many risk factors. The pleiotropic insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects of metformin might inhibit pathways that are frequently amplified in neoplastic tissue. Particularly, modulation of inflammation, metabolism, and cell cycle arrest are potential therapeutic cancer targets utilized by metformin to boost the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy. Studies in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the potential of metformin as a chemo- and radiosensitizer, besides its chemopreventive and direct therapeutic activity in digestive system (DS) tumors. Hence, these aspects have been considered in many cancer clinical trials. Case-control and cohort studies and associated meta-analyses have evaluated DS cancer risk and metformin usage, especially in colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Most clinical studies have demonstrated the protective role of metformin in the risk for DS cancers and survival rates. On the other hand, the ability of metformin to enhance the actions of chemotherapy for gastric and biliary cancers is yet to be investigated. This article reviews the current findings on the anti-cancer mechanisms of metformin and its apparatus from pre-clinical and ongoing studies in DS malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademar Dantas Cunha Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Osório Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Patita M, Castro R, Libânio D, Bastos RP, Silva R, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pimentel-Nunes P. Covered Metal Stent after Dysfunction of Uncovered Stents for Palliation of Gastrointestinal Malignant Obstruction. GE Port J Gastroenterol 2020; 27:383-390. [PMID: 33251287 DOI: 10.1159/000507200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) have been used for the palliative treatment of malignant gastrointestinal tract obstruction. However, restenosis or incomplete expansion of a first stent is a frequent complication, and the effectiveness of reintervention with placement of a second stent is still controversial. Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of covered SEMS (cSEMS) placement after dysfunction of uncovered SEMS (uSEMS) by the stent-in-stent technique. Patients and Methods We retrospectively studied a consecutive series of patients receiving palliative treatment for malignant gastrointestinal obstruction with cSEMS placement after uSEMS dysfunction in a tertiary center from January 2013 to August 2018. Technical and clinical success, time of patency, and adverse events were analyzed. Results Twelve patients were included; their mean age was 60 ± 9 years. Eleven patients had gastric outlet obstruction, and 1 patient had compression of the transverse colon due to gastric neoplasia. In 5 cases, there was absence of early clinical success with uSEMS and stent dysfunction in 7 cases (median patency time: 81 days). There was 100% technical success and 91.7% clinical success after cSEMS placement. There were no adverse events nor need for reintervention. The median patency time after placement of both stents was 163 days (vs. 71 days with the initial stent). Conclusion cSEMS placement after uSEMS dysfunction is technically feasible and a clinically effective treatment for patients with recurrent malignant gastrointestinal obstruction, with good stent patency in the medium/long term. This approach seems to be safe and without increase in adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Patita
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - Rui Castro
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Libânio
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedro Bastos
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Silva
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pimentel-Nunes
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal.,Surgery and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Minoda Y, Ihara E, Komori K, Ogino H, Otsuka Y, Chinen T, Tsuda Y, Ando K, Yamamoto H, Ogawa Y. Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound with artificial intelligence for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:1119-26. [PMID: 32918102 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is reported to be suitable for determining the layer from which subepithelial lesions (SELs) originate, it is difficult to distinguish gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) from non-GIST using only EUS images. If artificial intelligence (AI) can be used for the diagnosis of SELs, it should provide several benefits, including objectivity, simplicity, and quickness. In this pilot study, we propose an AI diagnostic system for SELs and evaluate its efficacy. METHODS Thirty sets each of EUS images with SELs ≥ 20 mm or < 20 mm were prepared for diagnosis by an EUS diagnostic system with AI (EUS-AI) and three EUS experts. The EUS-AI and EUS experts diagnosed the SELs using solely the EUS images. The concordance rates of the EUS-AI and EUS experts' diagnoses were compared with the pathological findings of the SELs. RESULTS The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for SELs < 20 mm were 86.3, 86.3, and 62.5%, respectively for the EUS-AI, and 73.3, 68.2, and 87.5%, respectively, for the EUS experts. In contrast, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for SELs ≥ 20 mm were 90.0, 91.7, and 83.3%, respectively, for the EUS-AI, and 53.3, 50.0, and 83.3%, respectively, for the EUS experts. The area under the curve for the diagnostic yield of the EUS-AI for SELs ≥ 20 mm (0.965) was significantly higher than that (0.684) of the EUS experts (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION EUS-AI had a good diagnostic yield for SELs ≥ 20 mm. EUS-AI has potential as a good option for the diagnosis of SELs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dhooge M, Baert-Desurmont S, Corsini C, Caron O, Andrieu N, Berthet P, Bonadona V, Cohen-Haguenauer O, De Pauw A, Delnatte C, Dussart S, Lasset C, Leroux D, Maugard C, Moretta-Serra J, Popovici C, Buecher B, Colas C, Noguès C. National recommendations of the French Genetics and Cancer Group - Unicancer on the modalities of multi-genes panel analyses in hereditary predispositions to tumors of the digestive tract. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104080. [PMID: 33039684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In case of suspected hereditary predisposition to digestive cancers, next-generation sequencing can analyze simultaneously several genes associated with an increased risk of developing these tumors. Thus, "Gastro Intestinal" (GI) gene panels are commonly used in French molecular genetic laboratories. Lack of international recommendations led to disparities in the composition of these panels and in the management of patients. To harmonize practices, the Genetics and Cancer Group (GGC)-Unicancer set up a working group who carried out a review of the literature for 31 genes of interest in this context and established a list of genes for which the estimated risks associated with pathogenic variant seemed sufficiently reliable and high for clinical use. Pancreatic cancer susceptibility genes have been excluded. This expertise defined a panel of 14 genes of confirmed clinical interest and relevant for genetic counseling: APC, BMPR1A, CDH1, EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, PMS2, POLD1, POLE, PTEN, SMAD4 and STK11. The reasons for the exclusion of the others 23 genes have been discussed. The paucity of estimates of the associated tumor risks led to the exclusion of genes, in particular CTNNA1, MSH3 and NTHL1, despite their implication in the molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of GI cancers. A regular update of the literature is planned to up-grade this panel of genes in case of new data on candidate genes. Genetic and epidemiological studies and international collaborations are needed to better estimate the risks associated with the pathogenic variants of these genes either selected or not in the current panel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dhooge
- APHP.Centre (Cochin Hospital), Paris University, Paris, France.
| | - Stéphanie Baert-Desurmont
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Corsini
- Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Gustave-Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France; Unité Inserm, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Antoine De Pauw
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Leroux
- Grenoble University Hospital, Couple-Enfant Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jessica Moretta-Serra
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Cornel Popovici
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Tumor Biology, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Noguès
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Capiro N, Flink C, Sai V, Beckett K. Gut wrenching: cases of missed gastrointestinal tumors and their mimics on computed tomography. Emerg Radiol 2021; 28:389-99. [PMID: 33025217 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis is one of the most common imaging studies ordered through the emergency department (ED). Because these studies are ordered for the detection of acute abnormalities and due to the relatively low incidence in patients presenting through the ED, gastrointestinal tumors are commonly missed. Moreover, many CT findings of malignant tumors overlap with benign entities, which can present a diagnostic challenge. This review article will describe the common CT findings of gastric, small bowel, colon, and appendiceal cancer as well as some of the common benign gastrointestinal conditions with similar imaging findings.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wei CX, Huo CY, Liu GY. Auxiliary role and application prospects of immune nutrition and traditional Chinese medicine in comprehensive treatment of digestive tract tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:241-246. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i7.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mode of treatment of digestive tract tumors (DT) has shifted from single treatment in the past to multidisciplinary and individualized comprehensive treatment. One of the connotations of comprehensive treatment is not only to focus on the elimination of tumors, but also to improve the overall condition and long-term efficacy of patients, protect their immune function, and improve their quality of life. Traditional Chinese medicine has the same concept in treating malignant tumors, i.e., protecting the internal environment of patients, improve their immunity, and maintain the healthy atmosphere of the body. In addition, immunonutrition can improve the nutritional status of tumor patients, regulate the metabolic process of the body under stress and the production and release of inflammatory mediators, activate immune cells, and enhance immune response, thereby improving immunity. This article will discuss the auxiliary role and application prospects of immune nutrition and traditional Chinese medicine in the comprehensive treatment of DT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Xin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chun-Yong Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guo-Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal malignancies have the greatest incidence and cancer-associated death rates worldwide. Routine therapeutic modalities include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation but they often fail to reach the goal of cancer-free survival. SUMMARY In the light of this urgent medical need for the treatment of GI tumors, nanotech-nology-based approaches, i.e. nanomedicine, promise new therapeutic options. Using nanoparticles instead of classically designed drugs, targeting anticancer agents directly to the tumor site may revolutionize both diagnostic and therapeutic tools thereby facilitating the identification and elimination of malignant cells. Importantly, diagnostic insight and therapeutic effects can be achieved simultaneously through the same nanoparticle. Additionally, a nanoparticle may be loaded with more than one agent, thereby further increasing the value and power of the nanotechnology approach in oncologic therapeutic concepts. Although most insight into mechanisms of nanomedicine has been gained from in vitro and preclinical in vivo models, few clinical trials have been conducted, and nanomedicine-based concepts are already part of standard treatment algorithms. However, despite substantial progress it remains a challenge to design nanoparticles that feature all desirable characteristics at the same time. KEY MESSAGES This review seeks to provide substantial insight into the current status of nanomedicine-based approaches employed for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes in the field of gastrointestinal cancers by highlighting achievements and pointing out unresolved issues that need to be further addressed by future research attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li C, Li L, Shi J. Gastrointestinal endoscopy in early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:203-207. [PMID: 32063960 PMCID: PMC6994895 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.2.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the value of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors and lay a foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Methods One hundred and eight patients with gastrointestinal tumors who were admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into observation group and control group according to different diagnostic methods, 54 cases in each group. The control group was treated with traditional endoscopy (white light imaging) and traditional surgery, while the observation group underwent narrow band imaging (NBI) based on endoscopic examination and endoscopic mucosal resection. The image quality scores (morphological image, gastric pit image and capillary image), diagnostic accuracy, surgery related clinical indicators (operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, hospitalization days) and complications were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The morphological image, gastric pit image and capillary image scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy rate of the observation group was 96.30%, which was significantly higher than 75.93% (P<0.05). The operation time and hospitalization days of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group, and the intraoperative bleeding volume of the observation group was less than that of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of complications of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Gastrointestinal endoscopy can accurately identify the pathological changes of tumors in the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, improve the diagnostic accuracy rate, and guide the implementation of treatment measures to improve clinical indicators. Moreover the incidence of postoperative complications is low. It is worth clinical promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Chunmei Li, Digestive Endoscopy Center, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, 256610, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Lingzhi Li, Outpatient Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, 256610, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Juan Shi, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Shandong, 256610, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ma NQ, Chen SZ, Yu FX. Progress in understanding role of capsaicin in prevention and treatment of digestive system tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:98-102. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i3.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy are still the main treatments for malignant tumors, but their side effects are significant. Thus, searching natural active substances for the prevention and treatment of tumor has attracted wide attention. Capsaicin (Cap) is the main active ingredient in chili hot material. Since the 20th century, more and more studies have been performed on the clinical effects of Cap, and its antitumor function has become a currently hot research topic. The antitumor mechanism of Cap is complex, and it can cause tumor cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and autophagy, inhibit tumor cell migration and invasion, and have an anti-angiogenesis property. As a potential anti-tumor drug, Cap has a broad prospect to increase the efficacy of other chemotherapy drugs. This paper reviews the role of Cap in the prevention and treatment of digestive system tumors and discusses the possible mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Qing Ma
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Zuan Chen
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Yu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen T, Ye LY, Feng XY, Qiu HB, Zhang P, Luo YX, Yuan LY, Chen XH, Hu YF, Liu H, Li Y, Tao KX, Yu J, Li GX. Performance of risk stratification systems for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1238-1247. [PMID: 30886506 PMCID: PMC6421238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i10.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumor type in the gastrointestinal system. Presently, various classification systems to prognosticate GISTs have been proposed.
AIM To evaluate the application value of four different risk stratification systems for GISTs.
METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with GISTs and underwent surgical resection at four hospitals from 1998 to 2015 were identified from a database. Risk of recurrence was stratified by the modified National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) criteria, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic nomogram, and the contour maps. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established to compare the four abovementioned risk stratification systems based on the area under the curve (AUC).
RESULTS A total of 1303 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 55.77 ± 13.70 yr; 52.3% of the patients were male. The mean follow-up period was 64.91 ± 35.79 mo. Approximately 67.0% the tumors were located in the stomach, and 59.5% were smaller than 5 cm; 67.3% of the patients had a mitotic count ≤ 5/50 high-power fields (HPFs). Thirty-four tumors ruptured before and during surgery. Univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size > 5 cm (P < 0.05), mitotic count > 5/50 HPFs (P < 0.05), non-gastric location (P < 0.05), and tumor rupture (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased recurrence rates. According to the ROC curve, the AFIP criteria showed the largest AUC (0.754).
CONCLUSION According to our data, the AFIP criteria were associated with a larger AUC than the NIH modified criteria, the MSKCC nomogram, and the contour maps, which might indicate that the AFIP criteria have better accuracy to support therapeutic decision-making for patients with GISTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang-Ying Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-Yu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Qiu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Xin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Yi Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Feng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Xiong Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guo-Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
ElBadre HM, El-Mahdy RI, Mohamed NA, Zakhary MM, Maximous DW. Tissue Indices of Telomere Length and p53 in Patients with Different Gastrointestinal Tumors: Correlation with Clinicopathological Status. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:764-778. [PMID: 29730783 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length dysfunction is involved in the generation of genomic rearrangements that drive progression to malignancy. A set of serological markers for telomere dysfunction, namely chitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), DNA damage, and tissue alteration of p53 have been identified. The probability that genomic damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and shorter telomeres may be related to the onset and advancement of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. A total of 40 patients with GI tumors and 20 healthy controls with matched age and sex were included. Estimation of serum chitinase, NAG, lipid peroxide (LPER), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase by colorimetric methods, and p53 by ELISA were assessed. Related clinicopathological features were determined. Serological chitinase, NO, LPER, and p53 were significantly increased, SOD was significantly decreased (p ˂ 0.001 for each) in GI tumor patients compared with controls and correlated significantly with age. There was a significant correlation between telomere dysfunction indices, p53, oxidative stress indices, and malignant stages of GI cancer patients. Moreover, a significant difference in the mean serum levels of indices between control, malignant, and benign subjects was found. Accordingly, these biomarkers play an important role in the pathogenesis of GI cancer and their estimation may predict the GI tumor behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala M ElBadre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Reham I El-Mahdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Nahed A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Madeha M Zakhary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa W Maximous
- Department of Surgical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu YH, Ding Y, Gao CC, Li LS, Wang YX, Xu JD. Functional macrophages and gastrointestinal disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1181-1195. [PMID: 29568199 PMCID: PMC5859221 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i11.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) differentiate from blood monocytes and participate in innate and adaptive immunity. Because of their abilities to recognize pathogens and activate bactericidal activities, MΦ are always discovered at the site of immune defense. MΦ in the intestine are unique, such that in the healthy intestine, they possess complex mechanisms to protect the gut from inflammation. In these complex mechanisms, they produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, and inhibit the inflammatory pathways mediated by Toll-like receptors. It has been demonstrated that resident MΦ play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and they can be recognized by their unique markers. Nonetheless, in the inflamed intestine, the function of MΦ will change because of environmental variation, which may be one of the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We provide further explanation about these mechanisms in our review. In addition, we review recent discoveries that MΦ may be involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumors. We will highlight the possible therapeutic targets for the management of IBD and gastrointestinal tumors, and we also discuss why more details are needed to fully understand all other effects of intestinal MΦ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li-Sheng Li
- Function Platform Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yue-Xiu Wang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Estrogen is a kind of steroid compound that has extensive biologic activities. The effect of estrogen is pleiotropic, affecting multiple systems in the body. There is accumulating evidence that estrogen has important effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Longer exposure to estrogen may decrease the risk of gastric cancer. Use of the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen might increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor β may serve as a target for colorectal cancer prevention. In addition, estrogen has been reported to be closely related to the mucosal barrier, gastrointestinal function and intestinal inflammation. However, the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract has not been systematically summarized. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of estrogen in the gastrointestinal tract and evaluate it from various aspects, including estrogen receptors, the mucosal barrier, intestinal inflammation and gastrointestinal tract tumors, which may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to manage gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xubiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Riethdorf S, O'Flaherty L, Hille C, Pantel K. Clinical applications of the CellSearch platform in cancer patients. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:102-121. [PMID: 29355669 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CellSearch® system (CS) enables standardized enrichment and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are repeatedly assessable via non-invasive "liquid biopsy". While the association of CTCs with poor clinical outcome for cancer patients has clearly been demonstrated in numerous clinical studies, utilizing CTCs for the identification of therapeutic targets, stratification of patients for targeted therapies and uncovering mechanisms of resistance is still under investigation. Here, we comprehensively review the current benefits and drawbacks of clinical CTC analyses for patients with metastatic and non-metastatic tumors. Furthermore, the review focuses on approaches beyond CTC enumeration that aim to uncover therapeutically relevant antigens, genomic aberrations, transcriptional profiles and epigenetic alterations of CTCs at a single cell level. This characterization of CTCs may shed light on the heterogeneity and genomic landscapes of malignant tumors, an understanding of which is highly important for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Li C, Wang H, Yao H, Fang JY, Xu J. Scaffold Proteins in Gastrointestinal Tumors as a Shortcut to Oncoprotein Activation. Gastrointest Tumors 2017; 4:1-10. [PMID: 29071259 DOI: 10.1159/000477904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cancer involves uncontrolled cell proliferation, and multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation have been found to be dysregulated in cancers. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) is one of three major subtypes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) families. The MAPK/ERK pathway (RAS/RAF1/MEK/ERK) plays an important part in promoting cell proliferation in response to growth factors, thereby serving as a driving signal in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. In contrast, the p53 tumor suppressor functions as a "guardian of the genome" and stops cell proliferation when oncogenic signaling is activated. SUMMARY Both pathways constrain each other in healthy GI epithelium, facilitating controlled proliferation that is essential for tissue repair and regeneration. However, in GI tumors, the MAPK/ERK and p53 pathways are commonly dysregulated, in part due to abnormal posttranslational modifications. Hyperphosphorylation of the ERK protein causes sustained activation of cell proliferation, whereas hypoacetylation of the p53 protein impairs its transcriptional function and blocks cell apoptosis. Multiple scaffold proteins have been found to regulate the posttranslational modifications of ERK and p53 proteins in GI tumors. KEY MESSAGE Abnormal expression of scaffold proteins may contribute to the dysregulation of the MAPK and p53 signaling pathways and thereby contribute to the development of GI tumors. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Scaffold proteins are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chushu Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanbin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ma C, Lu YF. Role of Dickkopf-1 in gastrointestinal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2615-2620. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i29.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the role of DKK1 in different tumor types is different, as it is lowly expressed in some tumor types, but over-expressed in others. In recent years, there have been many studies on the role of DKK1 in gastrointestinal tumors. In this paper, we review the latest progress in the understanding of the role of DKK1 in gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yong-Fu Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) is an imaging tool which reflects tumor metabolism. The integration of PET with computed tomography (CT) can provide precise anatomical information along with metabolic data. Here, we review the application and potential role of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in staging, evaluation of chemoradiation therapy, and detection of recurrence in gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
|
48
|
Solinas C, Pusole G, Demurtas L, Puzzoni M, Mascia R, Morgan G, Giampieri R, Scartozzi M. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal tumors: Controversies and future clinical implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 110:106-116. [PMID: 28109400 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation following infections, autoimmune diseases or exposure to environmental irritants plays a crucial role in tumor development and influences the host immune response to neoplastic cells. The presence of an anti-tumor immune infiltrate is often associated with better outcomes in gastro-intestinal primary cancers, particularly in those with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Immunotherapeutic drugs inhibiting the PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway showed promising results in the treatment of these patients in the metastatic setting. The aim of this review is to resume the role tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play in gastrointestinal tumors, underlining their potential value as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. TILs assessment could identify subsets of patients with high extent of TILs and better prognosis, that could be spared from adjuvant systemic treatments. Immune infiltration parameters might be additional predictors of a greater benefit from the immunotherapy with the immune checkpoint blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo, 127 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Grazia Pusole
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Laura Demurtas
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Roberta Mascia
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | | | | | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Universitario ss 554 bivio Sestu km 4.5, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tu L, Wang M, Zhao WY, Zhang ZZ, Tang DF, Zhang YQ, Cao H, Zhang ZG. miRNA-218-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan - Tocopherol nanoparticle to suppress the proliferation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 72:177-184. [PMID: 28024574 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are one of the most common forms of mesenchymal cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Although chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited the proliferation of GIST, however, sizable proportion of people developed resistance and therefore difficult to treat. In the present study, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC)-tocopherol polymer conjugate was synthesized and formulated into stable polymeric nanoparticles. The main aim of present study was to increase the therapeutic efficacy of miR-218 in GIST. The mean size of nanoparticles was ~110nm with a spherical shape. The miR-218 NP has been shown inhibit the cell proliferation and exhibited a superior cell apoptosis. The miR-218 NP inhibited the cell invasion and promoted the apoptosis of GIST cancer cells. In the present study, we have successfully showed that KIT1 is the target gene of miR-218 as shown by the luciferase reporter assay. These findings collectively suggest the miR-218 loaded nanoparticle by virtue of effective transfection could act as a tumor suppressor miRNA in the treatment of GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Wen-Yi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - De-Feng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Ye-Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu Y. Current application and prospects of hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery in gastrointestinal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3841-3845. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i27.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) refers to operations in which the surgeon inserts his/her non-dominant hand through a specific auxiliary device into the peritoneal cavity to assist the laparoscopic instruments. Because there is one hand to assist in the operation, HALS can reduce the difficulty of operation and shorten operative time. Previously, HALS is considered the transitional bridge from the traditional open surgery to laparoscopic surgery, but now, HLAS, together with total laparoscopic surgery and laparoscopic assisted surgery, is considered three forms of routine laparoscopic surgery. Along with the extensive use of laparoscopic surgery in gastrointestinal tumors, HALS, as a new method of laparoscopic surgery, has been gradually used in gastrointestinal tumors in recent years.
Collapse
|