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Xiong W, Jiang X, He J, Zhong Y, Ge X, Liu B, Zeng F. Isolation and identification of active components from Grifola frondosa and its anti-EV71 virus effect. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:4453-4464. [PMID: 38323723 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reported that anti-enterovirus 71 (EV71) drugs have some side effects on human health. Notably, fungi plays a crucial role in promoting human health and anti-virus. Grifola frondosa is a type of large medicinal and edible fungi, rich in active substances. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-EV71 effect of G. frondosa and the potential active substances. RESULTS In the present study, the water extract of G. frondosa was subjected to ethanol precipitation to obtain the water-extracted supernatant of G. frondosa (GFWS) and water-extracted precipitation of G. frondosa. Their inhibitory effects on EV71 virus were studied based on a cell model. The results showed that GFWS had stronger security and anti-EV71 effects. In addition, the chemical constituents of GFWS were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which were selected for further separation and purification. Three compounds, N-butylaniline, succinic acid and l-tryptophan, were isolated from GFWS by NMR spectroscopy. It is noteworthy that N-butylaniline and l-tryptophan were isolated and identified from the G. frondosa fruiting bodies for the first time. Our study found that l-tryptophan has anti-EV71 virus activity, which reduced EV71-induced apoptosis and significantly inhibited the replication process after virus adsorption. Furthermore, it could also bind to capsid protein VP1 to prevent the virus from attaching to the cells. CONCLUSION l-tryptophan was an inhibitor of the EV71 virus, which could be used in infant nutrition and possibly provide a new drug to treat hand, foot and mouth disease. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Xiong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junqiang He
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou, China
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Cui FJ, Yang YM, Sun L, Zan XY, Sun WJ, Zeb U. Grifola frondosa polysaccharides: A review on structure/activity, biosynthesis and engineering strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128584. [PMID: 38056754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the main polymers in edible fungi Grifola frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans. Recent efforts have well elucidated the fine structures and biological functions of G. frondosa polysaccharides. The recently-rapid developments and increasing availability in fungal genomes also accelerated the better understanding of key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Herein, we provide a brief overview of G. frondosa polysaccharides and their activities, and comprehensively outline the complex process, genes and proteins corresponding to G. frondosa polysaccharide biosynthesis. The regulation strategies including strain improvement, process optimization and genetic engineering were also summarized for maximum production of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Some remaining unanswered questions in describing the fine synthesis machinery were also pointed out to open up new avenues for answering the structure-activity relationship and improving polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. frondosa. The review hopefully presents a reasonable full picture of activities, biosynthesis, and production regulation of polysaccharide in G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China.
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China
| | - Umar Zeb
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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Li X, Ruan Q, Yang W, Tian H, Wu N, Qadir J, Wang J, Hu H, Liu Y, Cai M, Yang BB, Xie Y, Wu Q. Polysaccharide isolated from Grifola frondosa eliminates myeloid-derived suppressor cells and inhibits tumor growth by enhancing T cells responses. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:664-679. [PMID: 38169590 PMCID: PMC10758108 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to accumulate in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice, playing a significant role in promoting tumor growth. Depleting MDSCs has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here, we demonstrated that a fungal polysaccharide, extracted from Grifola frondosa, can effectively suppress breast tumorigenesis in mice by reducing the accumulation of MDSCs. Treatment with Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFI) leads to a substantial decrease in MDSCs in the blood and tumor tissue, and a potent inhibition of tumor growth. GFI treatment significantly reduces the number and proportion of MDSCs in the spleen, although this effect is not observed in the bone marrow. Further analysis reveals that GFI treatment primarily targets PMN-MDSCs, sparing M-MDSCs. Our research also highlights that GFI treatment has the dual effect of restoring and activating CD8+T cells, achieved through the downregulation of TIGIT expression and the upregulation of Granzyme B. Taken together, our findings suggest that GFI treatment effectively eliminates PMN-MDSCs in the spleen, leading to a reduction in MDSC numbers in circulation and tumor tissues, ultimately enhancing the antitumor immune response of CD8+T cells and inhibiting tumor growth. This study introduces a promising therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qinzhao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weining Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Huixiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Javeria Qadir
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuanchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health,National Health Commission Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Nutrition and Safety of Microbial Food, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Choi EJ, Choi JK. Extracts of Grifola frondosa inhibit the MAPK signaling pathways involved in keratinocyte inflammation and ameliorate atopic dermatitis. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:1056-1069. [PMID: 38053833 PMCID: PMC10694416 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Grifola frondosa, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of G. frondosa in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS/METHODS We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of G. frondosa by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. RESULTS Our study revealed that G. frondosa ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, G. frondosa inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of G. frondosa on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of G. frondosa as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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He J, Xiong W, Zhao L, Liu B, Huang Y. Anti-α-glucosidase, Anti-proliferative and Anti-enterovirus 71 Activity of Secondary Metabolites Identified from Grifola Frondosa. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:783-789. [PMID: 37812276 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa, an edible and medicinal resource, is widely used as functional foods worldwide. To explore bioactive compounds against α-glucosidase, human tumor cells and enterovirus 71 (EV71), eight compounds were isolated from G. frondosa by chromatographic column. Among the isolated compounds, heptadecanoic acid, uridine and adenosine exhibited potent inhibition activity against α-glucosidase, ergosterols and ergosterol-5,8-peroxide showed anti-proliferative activity on tumor cells, while ergosterol and methyl linoleate displayed inhibition against the replication of EV71. Also, to our knowledge, this is the first study to report that fatty acids isolated from G. frondosa show potent inhibition against α-glucosidase and EV71. Further molecular docking results revealed that the active compounds in G. frondosa form hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactive and π-stacking with the active sites on the surface of α-glucosidase, CASP3 and VP1 proteins, thus promoting the active compounds to combine with the target protein to form a stable complex, thus playing an antagonistic role. Our results could provide a new active compound and mode of action for G. frondosa to treat diabetes, cancer and EV71-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang He
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenyu Xiong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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Yang YM, Fu X, Cui FJ, Sun L, Zan XY, Sun WJ. Biochemical and structural characterization of a glucan synthase GFGLS2 from edible fungus Grifola frondosa to synthesize β-1, 3-glucan. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:163. [PMID: 37904199 PMCID: PMC10617128 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grifola frondosa is a Basidiomycete fungus belonging to the family of Grifolaceae and the order of Polyporales. β-Glucans are the main polymers in G. frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans. The membrane-integrated β-1, 3-glucan synthase (GLS) is responsible for glucan synthesis, cell wall assembly, differentiation and growth of the edible fungi. However, the structural/catalytic characteristics and mechanisms of β-1, 3-glucan synthases in G. frondosa are still unknown due to their extremely complex structures with multi-transmembranes and large molecular masses. RESULTS Herein, a β-1, 3-glucan synthase (GFGLS2) was purified and identified from the cultured mycelia with a specific activity of 60.01 pmol min-1 μg-1 for the first time. The GFGLS2 showed a strict specificity to UDP-glucose with a Vmax value of 1.29 ± 0.04 µM min-1 at pH 7.0 and synthesized β-1, 3-glucan with a maximum degree of polymerization (DP) of 62. Sequence Similarity Network (SSN) analysis revealed that GFGLS2 has a close relationship with others in Ganoderma sinense, Trametes coccinea, Polyporus brumalis, and Trametes pubescens. With the assistance of 3D structure modelling by AlphaFold 2, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the central hydrophilic domain (Class III) in GFGLS2 was the main active sites through binding the substrate UDP-glucose to 11 amino acid residues via hydrogen bonds, π-stacking and salt bridges. CONCLUSIONS The biochemical, 3D structural characterization and potential catalytic mechanism of a membrane-bound β-1, 3-glucan synthase GFGLS2 from cultured mycelia of G. frondosa were well investigated and would provide a reasonable full picture of β-1, 3-glucan synthesis in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xin Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Dexing, 334221, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-Production, Dexing, 334221, China
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Zhang SS, Li X, Li GJ, Huang Q, Tian JH, Wang JL, Li M, Li SM. Genetic and Molecular Evidence of a Tetrapolar Mating System in the Edible Mushroom Grifola frondosa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:959. [PMID: 37888215 PMCID: PMC10607315 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is a valuable edible fungus with high nutritional and medicinal values. The mating systems of fungi not only offer practical strategies for breeding, but also have far-reaching effects on genetic variability. Grifola frondosa has been considered as a sexual species with a tetrapolar mating system based on little experimental data. In the present study, one group of test crosses and six groups of three-round mating experiments from two parental strains were conducted to determine the mating system in G. frondosa. A chi-squared test of the results of the test-cross mating experiments indicated that they satisfied Mendelian segregation, while a series of three-round mating experiments showed that Mendelian segregation was not satisfied, implying a segregation distortion phenomenon in G. frondosa. A genomic map of the G. frondosa strain, y59, grown from an LMCZ basidiospore, with 40.54 Mb and 12 chromosomes, was generated using genome, transcriptome and Hi-C sequencing technology. Based on the genomic annotation of G. frondosa, the mating-type loci A and B were located on chromosomes 1 and 11, respectively. The mating-type locus A coded for the β-fg protein, HD1, HD2 and MIP, in that order. The mating-type locus B consisted of six pheromone receptors (PRs) and five pheromone precursors (PPs) in a crossed order. Moreover, both HD and PR loci may have only one sublocus that determines the mating type in G. frondosa. The nonsynonymous SNP and indel mutations between the A1B1 and A2B2 mating-type strains and the reference genome of y59 only occurred on genes HD2 and PR1/2, preliminarily confirming that the mating type of the y59 strain was A1B2 and not A1B1. Based on the genetic evidence and the more reliable molecular evidence, the results reveal that the mating system of G. frondosa is tetrapolar. This study has important implications for the genetics and hybrid breeding of G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guo-Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing-Hua Tian
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jun-Ling Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Ming Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shou-Mian Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (S.-S.Z.); (X.L.); (G.-J.L.); (Q.H.); (J.-H.T.); (M.L.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding 071001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China
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Geng J, Wang G, Guo J, Han X, Qu Y, Zhou Y, Tai G, Sun L, Cheng H. Preparation and structural analysis of fucomannogalactan and β-1,6-glucan from Grifola frondosa mycelium. Front Chem 2023; 11:1227288. [PMID: 37608863 PMCID: PMC10441114 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1227288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polysaccharides, key components present in Grifola frondosa, can be divided into those derived from fruiting bodies, mycelium, and fermentation broth based on their source. The structure of G. frondosa fruiting body-derived polysaccharides has been fully characterized. However, the structure of G. frondosa mycelium-derived polysaccharides remains to be elucidated. Methods: In this study, we obtained mycelia from G. frondosa by liquid fermentation and extracted them with water and alkaline solution. Then, the mycelia were isolated and purified to obtain homogeneity and systematically characterized by methylation and FT infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results and discussion: Structural analysis showed that two neutral fractions (WGFP-N-a and AGFP-N-a1) have a common backbone composed of α-1,6-D-Me-Galp and α-1,6-D-Galp that were substituted at O-2 by 1,2-Manp, α-1,3-L-Fucp, and α-T-D-Manp and thus are identified as fucomannogalactans. WGFP-A-a, AGFP-A-b, and AGFP-A-c are β-1,6-glucans with different molecular weights and are branched with β-1,3-D-Glcp and T-D-Glcp at the O-3 of Glc. Our results provide important structural information about G. frondosa mycelium-derived polysaccharides and provide the basis for their further development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Geng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guining Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhe Qu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guihua Tai
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, Glycoconjugate Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Liu J, Wu Y, Cai Y, Tan Z, Deng N. Long-term consumption of different doses of Grifola frondosa affects immunity and metabolism: correlation with intestinal mucosal microbiota and blood lipids. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:189. [PMID: 37193332 PMCID: PMC10183060 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa (GF) is an edible mushroom with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. In this study, the specific pathogen-free male mice were randomized into the normal (NM), low-dose GF (LGF), medium-dose GF (MGF), and high-dose GF (HGF) groups. The LGF, MGF, and HGF groups were fed with 1.425 g/(kg d), 2.85 g/(kg d), and 5.735 g/(kg d) of GF solution for 8 weeks. After feeding with GF solution, compared with the NM group, the thymus index was significantly increased in the LGF group, and TC, TG, and LDL of mice were significantly increased in the HGF group, while HDL was significantly decreased. Compared with the NM group, the uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium, Ligilactobacillus increased in the LGF group, and Candidatus Arthromitus increased in the MGF group. The characteristic bacteria of the HGF group included Christensenellaceae R7, unclassified Clostridia UCG 014, unclassified Eubacteria coprostanoligenes, and Prevotellaceae Ga6A1. Among them, Ligilactobacillus showed a negative correlation with HDL. Unclassified Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Ligilactobacillus showed a positive correlation with TG. In summary, our experiments evidenced that GF improves lipid metabolism disorders by regulating the intestinal microbiota, providing a new pathway for hypolipidemic using GF dietary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Ying Cai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Na Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
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10
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Zhao J, He R, Zhong H, Liu S, Liu X, Hussain M, Sun P. A cold-water extracted polysaccharide-protein complex from Grifola frondosa exhibited anti-tumor activity via TLR4-NF-κB signaling activation and gut microbiota modification in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124291. [PMID: 37028620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-protein complex (G. frondosa PPC) is a polymer which consists of polysaccharides and proteins/peptides linked by covalent bonds. In our previous ex vivo research, it has been demonstrated that a cold-water extracted G. frondosa PPC has stronger antitumor activity than a G. frondosa PPC extracted from boiling water. The main purpose of the current study was to further evaluate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and gut microbiota regulation effects of two PPCs isolated from G. frondosa at 4 °C (GFG-4) and 100 °C (GFG-100) in vivo. The results exhibited that GFG-4 remarkably upregulated the expression of related proteins in TLR4-NF-κB and apoptosis pathway, thereby inhibiting the development of H22 tumors. Additionally, GFG-4 increased the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Bacillus and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis suggested that GFG-4 promoted SCFAs production, particularly butyric acid. Conclusively, the present experiments revealed GFG-4 has the potential of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma growth via activating TLR4-NF-κB pathway and regulating gut microbiota. Therefore, G. frondosa PPCs could be considered as safe and effective natural ingredient for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study also provides a theoretical foundation for the regulation of gut microbiota by G. frondosa PPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China.
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China.
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11
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He XY, Zhu YX, Jiang XQ, Zhu FR, Luo YJ, Qiu YY, Huang ZR, Liu B, Zeng F. Probiotics-Fermented Grifola frondosa Total Active Components: Better Antioxidation and Microflora Regulation for Alleviating Alcoholic Liver Damage in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021406. [PMID: 36674921 PMCID: PMC9862899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term drinking, and it further develops into alcoholic liver diseases. In this study, we prepared a probiotic fermentation product of Grifola frondosa total active components (PFGF) by fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici. After fermentation, the total sugar and protein content in the PFGF significantly decreased, while the lactic acid level and antioxidant activity of the PFGF increased. Afterward, we investigated the alleviating effect of PFGF on alcoholic liver injury in alcohol-fed mice. The results showed that the PFGF intervention reduced the necrosis of the liver cells, attenuated the inflammation of the liver and intestines, restored the liver function, increased the antioxidant factors of the liver, and maintained the cecum tissue barrier. Additionally, the results of the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that the PFGF intervention increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroids, Parasutterella, and Alistipes, to attenuate intestinal inflammation. These results demonstrate that PFGF can potentially alleviate alcoholic liver damage by restoring the intestinal barrier and regulating the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu He
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Juan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Yang Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zi-Rui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (F.Z.)
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12
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Nikšić M, Podgornik BB, Berovic M. Farming of Medicinal Mushrooms. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2023; 184:29-76. [PMID: 35364694 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since most of the medicinal mushrooms are rare in nature, production of fungal fruiting bodies is hardly covering the food market and the production of pharmaceutically active products, so artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies in a form of farming has been intensively established during the last 40 years. Various cultivation technologies are presented, including traditional farming of fruiting bodies on wood logs and beds, and also on other substrate-based media, such as cultivation in bags, bottles, and others. The advantage of farming is a cheap but time-consuming large-scale production. Agriculture, wood, and food industry wastes represent the main substrates that are in this process delignified and enriched in proteins and highly valuable pharmaceutically active compounds. The present article presents an overview of achievements in artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies, including the most relevant medicinal mushroom species, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus brasiliensis, and Lentinula edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miomir Nikšić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Boh Podgornik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marin Berovic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Meng Q, Guo W, Chen Q, Zhang Y. [Corrigendum] Grifola frondosa polysaccharides induce breast cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:136. [PMID: 36129150 PMCID: PMC9559173 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute for Regeneration Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qingjin Meng
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Jilin Province, Siping, Jilin 136000, P.R. China
| | - Wanxu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Chen S, Mu Z, Yong T, Gu J, Zhang Y, Gao X, Xie Y, Xiao C, Hu H, Yang X, Li X, Cai M, Wu Q. Grifolamine A, a novel bis-γ-butyrolactone from Grifola frondosa exerted inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and their binding interaction: Affinity and molecular dynamics simulation. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2045-2052. [PMID: 36345431 PMCID: PMC9636034 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bis-γ-butyrolactone grifolamine A (1), the first γ-butyrolactone dimer from nature, together with three known γ-butyrolactones (2-4), was isolated from the byproduct from Grifola frondosa polysaccharides preparation process. The structure and stereochemistry of grifolamine A (1) were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis combined with quantum chemical calculation. The biosynthetic origin of compound 1, as well as 2-4 was proposed. Grifolamine A (1) showed an intense inhibition against α-glucosidase in vitro. The underlying inhibitory mechanism was revealed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation. SPR revealed that grifolamine A exhibited a strong affinity to α-glucosidase with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) value of 1.178 × 10-4 M. Molecular docking manifested that grifolamine A sat at the active pocket of α-glucosidase by van der Waals force, alkyl interaction and carbon hydrogen bonds, and consequently changed the micro-environmental structure of α-glucosidase. MD simulation revealed that grifolamine A had high binding affinity to α-glucosidase with average free energy of -25.2 ± 3.2 kcal/mol. Free energy decomposition indicated amino acid residues including PHE298, PHE308, PHE309, PHE155 and ARG310 at the binding pocket played a strongly positive effect on the interaction between grifolamine A and α-glucosidase. Our findings provide valuable information for the design and development of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors based on γ-butyrolactone skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhenqiang Mu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 410331, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Corresponding author. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Xianlie Rd, Guangzhou, China.
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Jiang T, Shen S, Wang L, Zhao M, Li Y, Huang S. Grifola frondosa Polysaccharide Ameliorates Early Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4093-4104. [PMID: 35616773 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is a medicinal macro-fungus with a wide range of biological activities. Polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (PGF) play a positive role in regulating blood glucose and alleviating kidney injury. Here, we investigated the exact mechanism of action by which PGF ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. Our results showed that PGF effectively improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in streptozocin (STZ)-induced DN mice. Additionally, administration of PGF also ameliorated renal function and inflammatory response in STZ-induced DN mice. Consistent with the in vitro results, the high glucose-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were decreased by PGF treatment. Furthermore, PGF not only suppressed the expression of TLR4, but also more effectively protected the kidney and reduced the inflammatory response when TLR4 was inhibited. All these data revealed that PGF alleviates diabetic nephropathy by blocking the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sile Shen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyan Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
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Li Q, Zhu L, Qi X, Zhou T, Li Y, Cai M, Yan Y, Qian JY, Peng D. Immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities of the selenized polysaccharide from edible Grifola frondosa. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1289-1298. [PMID: 35432982 PMCID: PMC9007304 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP2) was extracted and purified by anion‐exchange chromatography. A selenized G. frondosa polysaccharide, SeGFP2, was modified in selenylation by nitric acid–sodium selenite (HNO3‐Na2SeO3) method. Structural features were investigated, and the lymphocyte proliferation and antioxidant activities were compared taking GFP2 as control. SeGFP2 with a molecular weight of 2.12 × 104 Da was composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose with a ratio of 3.5:11.8:1.0. A typical absorption of selenium ester was observed in SeGFP2 molecule. SeGFP2 was proposed as a branched polysaccharide, which consisted of 1,3‐D‐Glcp, 1,6‐D‐Glcp, 1,4,6‐D‐Galp, and 1,3,6‐D‐Manp. SeGFP2 showed a linear filamentous structure with some branches. SeGFP2 could significantly promote T‐ or B‐lymphocyte proliferation and the enhancement was higher than GFP2. The in vitro antioxidant activities of SeGFP2 were more potent than GFP2. These present data suggested that selenylation could significantly improve the lymphocyte proliferation and in vitro antioxidant activities of GFP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Linfei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Xingpu Qi
- School of Food Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yonglian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Mingjie Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yuting Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Taizhou China
| | - Jian-Ya Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Daxin Peng
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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Hu R. Grifola frondosa may play an anti-obesity role by affecting intestinal microbiota to increase the production of short-chain fatty acids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1105073. [PMID: 36733799 PMCID: PMC9886863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa) is a fungus with good economic exploitation prospects of food and medicine homologation. This study aims to investigate the effects of G. frondosa powder suspension (GFPS) on the intestinal contents microbiota and the indexes related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism in mice, to provide new ideas for developing G. frondosa weight loss products. METHODS Twenty Kunming mice were randomly divided into control (CC), low-dose GFPS (CL), medium-dose GFPS (CM), and high-dose GFPS (CH) groups. The mice in CL, CM, and CH groups were intragastrically administered with 1.425 g/(kg·d), 2.85 g/(kg·d), and 5.735 g/(kg·d) GFPS, respectively. The mice in CC group were given the same dose of sterile water. After 8 weeks, liver and muscle related oxidative stress and energy metabolism indicators were detected, and the intestinal content microbiota of the mice was detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS After eight weeks of GFPS intervention, all mice lost weight. Compared with the CC group, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in CL, CM, and CH groups were increased, while Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) contents in the liver were decreased. The change trends of LDH and SDH in muscle were consistent with those in the liver. Among the above indexes, the change in CH is the most significant. The Chao1, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson index in CL, CM, and CH groups were increased. In the taxonomic composition, after the intervention with GFPS, the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as unclassified Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae increased. In linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the characteristic bacteria in CC, CL, CM, and CH groups showed significant differences. In addition, some characteristic bacteria significantly correlated with related energy metabolism indicators. CONCLUSION The preventive effect of G. frondosa on obesity is related to changing the structure of intestinal content microbiota and promoting the growth of SCFAs. While excessive intake of G. frondosa may not be conducive to the antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.
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Jiang LH, Li XF, Zan XY, Fu X, Cui FJ, Zhu HA, Sun WJ, Tao TL. The β-1,3-glucan synthase gene GFGLS2 plays major roles in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis in Grifola frondosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021. [PMID: 34939133 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
β-1,3-Glucans are well-known biological and health-promoting compounds in edible fungi. Our previous results characterized a glucan synthase gene (GFGLS) of Grifola frondosa for the first time to understand its role in mycelial growth and glucan biosynthesis. In the present study, we identified and functionally reannotated another glucan synthase gene, GFGLS2, based on our previous results. GFGLS2 had a full sequence of 5944 bp including 11 introns and 12 exons and a coding information for 1713 amino acids of a lower molecular weight (195.2 kDa) protein with different conserved domain sites than GFGLS (5927 bp with also 11 introns and a coding information for 1781 aa). Three dual-promoter RNA-silencing vectors, pAN7-iGFGLS-dual, pAN7-iGFGLS2-dual, and pAN7-CiGFGLS-dual, were constructed to downregulate GFGLS, GFGLS2, and GFGLS/GFGLS2 expression by targeting their unique exon sequence or conserved functional sequences. Silencing GFGLS2 resulted in higher downregulation efficiency than silencing GFGLS. Cosilencing GFGLS and GFGLS2 had a synergistic downregulation effect, with slower mycelial growth and glucan production by G. frondosa. These findings indicated that GFGLS2 plays major roles in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis and provides a reference to understand the biosynthesis pathway of mushroom polysaccharides. KEY POINTS: • The 5944-bp glucan synthase gene GFGLS2 of G. frondosa was cloned and reannotated • GFGLS2 showed identity and significant differences with the previously identified GFGLS • GFGLS2 played a major role in fermentation and glucan biosynthesis.
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Wang XL, Zhang LL, Chen N, Li J, Han CF, Wang S, Hao LM, Jia SR, Han PP. The effects of quorum sensing molecule farnesol on the yield and activity of extracellular polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa in liquid fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:377-384. [PMID: 34560149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strategy by exogenous addition of quorum sensing molecule farnesol to improve the production, antioxidant activity and antitumor activity of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) of Grifola frondosa by liquid fermentation was proposed in the study. The highest yield of EPS induced by farnesol was 1.25 g/L, which was 150% higher than that of the control. Four polysaccharides including EPS-C-0M, EPS-C-0.2M, EPS-F-0M and EPS-F-0.2M were extracted and purified under the conditions of control and farnesol respectively. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and antitumor activities were studied. Their chemical composition differed in sugar, protein and uronic acid contents, and they were composed of six constituent monosaccharides with different ratios, with the average molecular weights of 1.12 × 103, 1.89 × 103, 1.41 × 103 and 2.02 × 103 kDa, respectively. They presented similar FT-IR spectra, but different surface morphology. Antioxidant experiments showed that they had strong scavenging activities on ABTS+, hydroxyl radical, O2- and DPPH radical. Antitumor experiments showed that they had strong inhibitory effects on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) cells. Among the four polysaccharides, EPS-F-0.2M showed the highest antioxidant and antitumor activities, indicating that farnesol could regulate the biological activity of EPS by affecting structure and properties. These results demonstrated that appropriate adjustment of culture conditions had potential application in the development of polysaccharides with high antioxidant and antitumor activity. It provided a new strategy to enhance the production and bioactivity of edible and medicinal fungal polysaccharides by using quorum sensing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Le-le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Cheng-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Li-Min Hao
- The Quartermaster Equipment Institute, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100010, PR China
| | - Shi-Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Pei-Pei Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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20
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Verhoeven J, Keller D, Verbruggen S, Abboud KY, Venema K. A blend of 3 mushrooms dose-dependently increases butyrate production by the gut microbiota. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:601-612. [PMID: 34590532 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been indicated to play a crucial role in health and disease. Apart from changes in composition between healthy individuals and those with a disease or disorder, it has become clear that also microbial activity is important for health. For instance, butyrate has been proven to be beneficial for health, because, amongst others, it is a substrate for the colonocytes, and modulates the host's immune system and metabolism. Here, we studied the effect of a blend of three mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum GL AM P-38, Grifola frondosa GF AM P36 and Pleurotus ostreatus PO AM-GP37)) on gut microbiota composition and activity in a validated, dynamic, computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). Predigested mushroom blend at three doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/day of ingested mushroom blend) was fed to a pooled microbiota of healthy adults for 72 h, and samples were taken every day for microbiota composition (sequencing of amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) and activity (short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production). The butyrate producing genera Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214-group are all dose-dependently increased when the mushroom blend was fed. Entirely in line with the increase of these butyrate-producers, the cumulative amount of butyrate also dose-dependently increased, to roughly twice the amount compared to the control (medium without mushroom blend) on the high-dose mushroom blend. Butyrate proportionally made up 53.1% of the total SCFA upon feeding the high-dose mushroom blend, compared to 27% on the control medium. In conclusion, the (polysaccharides in the) mushroom blend led to substantial increase in butyrate by the gut microbiota. These results warrant future mechanistic research on the mushroom blend, as butyrate is considered to be one of the microbial metabolites that contributes to health, by increasing barrier function and modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - D Keller
- Keller Consulting Group, 2417 Beachwood Blvd., Beachwood, OH 44122, USA
| | - S Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - K Youssef Abboud
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
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21
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Fasciana T, Gargano ML, Serra N, Galia E, Arrigo I, Tricoli MR, Diquattro O, Graceffa G, Vieni S, Venturella G, Giammanco A. Potential Activity of Albino Grifola frondosa Mushroom Extract against Biofilm of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:551. [PMID: 34356930 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom extracts are a rich source of natural compounds with antimicrobial properties, which are able to prevent, to some extent, the growth of foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of extracts from albino Grifola frondosa (GF), commonly known as maitake, to inhibit the growth of some bacteria and the biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus. We obtained not only a significant reduction of OD score between biofilm and biofilm plus albino G. frondosa extract group, but also a reduction of category of biofilm. In addition, we observed a significant presence of isolates with strong category for the biofilm group and a significant presence of isolates with absent category for the biofilm plus albino G. frondosa extract group. These results confirm that the use of albino G. frondosa extract reduces in significant way the presence of biofilm. Our results suggest and confirm that albino G. frondosa extracts could be employed as functional food and could be used as a natural additive for food process control and food safety.
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22
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Tomas-Hernandez S, Blanco J, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Arola L, Minghetti L, Beltrán-Debón R, Mulero M. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Grifola frondosa Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde on LPS-Challenged Murine Primary Glial Cells. Roles of NF-κβ and MAPK. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:806. [PMID: 34071571 PMCID: PMC8229786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to foreign or endogenous stimuli, both microglia and astrocytes adopt an activated phenotype that promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This inflammatory mechanism, known as neuroinflammation, is essential in the defense against foreign invasion and in normal tissue repair; nevertheless, when constantly activated, this process can become detrimental through the release of neurotoxic factors that amplify underlying disease. In consequence, this study presents the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of o-orsellinaldehyde, a natural compound found by an in silico approach in the Grifola frondosa mushroom, in astrocytes and microglia cells. For this purpose, primary microglia and astrocytes were isolated from mice brain and cultured in vitro. Subsequently, cells were exposed to LPS in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of this natural compound. Specifically, the results shown that o-orsellinaldehyde strongly inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in astrocytes and microglia by decreasing nitrite formation and downregulating iNOS and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, in microglia cells o-orsellinaldehyde inhibits NF-κB activation; and potently counteracts LPS-mediated p38 kinase and JNK phosphorylation (MAPK). In this regard, o-orsellinaldehyde treatment also induces a significant cell immunomodulation by repolarizing microglia toward the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, these results could partially explain the reported beneficial effects of G. frondosa extracts on inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomas-Hernandez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43202 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Molecular Modeling Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; (S.T.-H.); (S.G.-V.); (G.P.); (M.J.O.-M.); (A.G.)
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08020 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain;
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23
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Wu JY, Siu KC, Geng P. Bioactive Ingredients and Medicinal Values of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Foods 2021; 10:foods10010095. [PMID: 33466429 PMCID: PMC7824844 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa), generally known as hen-of-the-woods or maitake in Japanese and hui-shu-hua in Chinese, is an edible mushroom with both nutritional and medicinal properties. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of research findings on its bioactive constituents, potential health benefits and major structural characteristics. Since the discovery of the D-fraction more than three decades ago, many other polysaccharides, including β-glucans and heteroglycans, have been extracted from the G. frondosa fruiting body and fungal mycelium, which have shown significant antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Another class of bioactive macromolecules in G. frondosa is composed of proteins and glycoproteins, which have shown antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant and other activities. A number of small organic molecules such as sterols and phenolic compounds have also been isolated from the fungus and have shown various bioactivities. It can be concluded that the G. frondosa mushroom provides a diverse array of bioactive molecules that are potentially valuable for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. More investigation is needed to establish the structure–bioactivity relationship of G. frondosa and to elucidate the mechanisms of action behind its various bioactive and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Geng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3400-8807
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24
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Zan XY, Zhu HA, Jiang LH, Liang YY, Sun WJ, Tao TL, Cui FJ. The role of Rho1 gene in the cell wall integrity and polysaccharides biosynthesis of the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1593-1603. [PMID: 33031851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa polysaccharides, especially β-glucans, showed the significant antitumor, hypoglycemic, and immune-stimulating activities. In the present study, a predominant regulatory subunit gfRho1p of β-1,3-glucan synthase in G. frondosa was identified with a molecular weight of 20.79 kDa and coded by a putative 648-bp small GTPase gene gfRho1. By constructing mutants of RNA interference and over-expression gfRho1, the roles of gfRho1 in the growth, cell wall integrity and polysaccharide biosynthesis were well investigated. The results revealed that defects of gfRho1 slowed mycelial growth rate by 22% to 33%, reduced mycelial polysaccharide and exo-polysaccharide yields by 4% to 7%, increased sensitivity to cell wall stress, and down-regulated gene transcriptions related to PKC-MAPK signaling pathway in cell wall integrity. Over-expression of gfRho1 improved mycelial growth rate and polysaccharide production of G. frondosa. Our study supports that gfRho1 is an essential regulator for polysaccharide biosynthesis, cell growth, cell wall integrity and stress response in G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Hong-An Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China
| | - Ting-Lei Tao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China.
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25
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Jiang T, Wang L, Ma A, Wu Y, Wu Q, Wu Q, Lu J, Zhong T. The hypoglycemic and renal protective effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides in early diabetic nephropathy. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13515. [PMID: 33043487 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is a basidiomycete polypore fungus. Polysaccharides from G. frondosa (PGF) has recently attracted attention for its various physiological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-fatigue effects. In this study, hypoglycemic activity of PGF and its preventive effect against the progression of kidney fibrosis in Diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats were investigated. The results showed that PGF led to a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in body weight in the treatment group compared with those of model group. Serum biochemical indexes including N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and urine microalbumin (u-mAlb) levels of PGF-treated group were significantly lower than those of model group. Inflammatory cytokines and renal fibrosis indexes of PGF group were also decreased compared to the model group. The whole results demonstrated the renal-protective effects of PGF via reducing the inflammatory factor content and preventing renal fibrosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: G. frondosa constitutes a rich source of polysaccharides, steroid, and phenolic compounds. The results obtained revealed that the purified PGF have the effect of reducing inflammation cytokines and renal fibrosis indexes. These two factors are associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, PGF may produce both hypoglycemic and renal-protective effects, and potentially be of use as a functional food for the treatment or prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Angjie Ma
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiulin Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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26
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Yu YH, Pan HY, Guo LQ, Lin JF, Liao HL, Li HY. Successful biosynthesis of natural antioxidant ergothioneine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae required only two genes from Grifola frondosa. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:164. [PMID: 32811496 PMCID: PMC7437059 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ergothioneine (EGT) has a unique antioxidant ability and diverse beneficial effects on human health. But the content of EGT is very low in its natural producing organisms such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to highly efficient heterologous production of EGT in food-grade yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results Two EGT biosynthetic genes were cloned from the mushroom Grifola frondosa and successfully heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 strain in this study. By optimization of the fermentation conditions of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118, the 11.80 mg/L of EGT production was obtained. With daily addition of 1% glycerol to the culture medium in the fermentation process, the EGT production of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118 can reach up to 20.61 mg/L. Conclusion A successful EGT de novo biosynthetic system of S. cerevisiae containing only two genes from mushroom Grifola frondosa was developed in this study. This system provides promising prospects for the large scales production of EGT for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hong-Yu Pan
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Han-Lu Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao-Ying Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Zan XY, Wu XH, Cui FJ, Zhu HA, Sun WJ, Jiang LH, Tao TL, Zhao X. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene affects mycelia growth and polysaccharide synthesis of Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1161-70. [PMID: 32561281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate potential roles of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) in mycelial growth and polysaccharide synthesis of Grifola frondosa, a putative 2036-bp UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene gfugp encoding a 53.17-kDa protein was cloned and re-annotated. Two dual promoter RNA silencing vectors of pAN7-iUGP-P-dual and pAN7-iUGP-C-dual were constructed to down-regulate gfugp expression by targeting its promoter or conserved functional sequences, respectively. Results showed that silence of gfugp promoter sequence had a higher down-regulating efficiency with slower mycelial growth and polysaccharide production than those of conserved sequence. The monosaccharide compositions/percentages of mycelial and exo-polysaccharides significantly changed with the increase of galactose and arabinose contents possibly due to block of UDP-glucose supply by gfugp silence and alteration of sugar metabolism via up-regulation of UDP-glucose-4-epimerase (gfuge) and UDP-xylose-4-epimerase (gfuxe) transcription. Our findings would provide a reference to know the biosynthesis pathway of mushroom polysaccharides and improve their production by metabolic regulation.
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28
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Roda E, Luca F, Iorio CD, Ratto D, Siciliani S, Ferrari B, Cobelli F, Borsci G, Priori EC, Chinosi S, Ronchi A, Franco R, Di Francia R, Berretta M, Locatelli CA, Gregori A, Savino E, Bottone MG, Rossi P. Novel Medicinal Mushroom Blend as a Promising Supplement in Integrative Oncology: A Multi-Tiered Study using 4T1 Triple-Negative Mouse Breast Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3479. [PMID: 32423132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although medicinal mushroom extracts have been proposed as promising anti-cancer agents, their precise impacts on metastatic breast cancer are still to be clarified. For this purpose, the present study exploited the effect of a novel medicinal mushroom blend, namely Micotherapy U-care, in a 4T1 triple-negative mouse breast cancer model. Mice were orally administered with Micotherapy U-care, consisting of a mixture of Agaricus blazei, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Lentinula edodes. The syngeneic tumor-bearing mice were generated by injecting 4T1 cells in both supplemented and non-supplemented mice. After sacrifice 35 days later, specific endpoints and pathological outcomes of the murine pulmonary tissue were evaluated. (i) Histopathological and ultrastructural analysis and (ii) immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-ß1, IL-6 and NOS2, COX2, SOD1 as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were performed. The QoL was comparatively evaluated. Micotherapy U-care supplementation, starting before 4T1 injection and lasting until the end of the experiment, dramatically reduced the pulmonary metastases density, also triggering a decrease of fibrotic response, and reducing IL-6, NOS, and COX2 expression. SOD1 and TGF-ß1 results were also discussed. These findings support the valuable potential of Micotherapy U-care as adjuvant therapy in the critical management of triple-negative breast cancer.
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29
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Hetland G, Tangen JM, Mahmood F, Mirlashari MR, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Nentwich I, Therkelsen SP, Tjønnfjord GE, Johnson E. Antitumor, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiallergic Effects of Agaricus blazei Mushroom Extract and the Related Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms, Hericium erinaceus and Grifola frondosa: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051339. [PMID: 32397163 PMCID: PMC7285126 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, medicinal effects have been documented in scientific studies with the related Basidiomycota mushrooms Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE) and Grifola frondosa (GF) from Brazilian and Eastern traditional medicine. Special focus has been on their antitumor effects, but the mushrooms' anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties have also been investigated. The antitumor mechanisms were either direct tumor attack, e.g., apoptosis and metastatic suppression, or indirect defense, e.g., inhibited tumor neovascularization and T helper cell (Th) 1 immune response. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms were a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and changed gut microbiota, and the antiallergic mechanism was amelioration of a skewed Th1/Th2 balance. Since a predominant Th2 milieu is also found in cancer, which quite often is caused by a local chronic inflammation, the three conditions-tumor, inflammation and allergy-seem to be linked. Further mechanisms for HE were increased nerve and beneficial gut microbiota growth, and oxidative stress regulation. The medicinal mushrooms AbM, HE and GF appear to be safe, and can, in fact, increase longevity in animal models, possibly due to reduced tumorigenesis and oxidation. This article reviews preclinical and clinical findings with these mushrooms and the mechanisms behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Hetland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.E.T.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jon-Magnus Tangen
- National CBRNE Medical Advisory Centre, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Faiza Mahmood
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway;
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirlashari
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
| | - Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
| | - Ivo Nentwich
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.); (I.N.)
| | | | - Geir Erland Tjønnfjord
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.E.T.); (E.J.)
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Johnson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; (G.E.T.); (E.J.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway
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Li X, Zeng F, Huang Y, Liu B. The Positive Effects of Grifola frondosa Heteropolysaccharide on NAFLD and Regulation of the Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215302. [PMID: 31653116 PMCID: PMC6861908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem in many countries. In this study, the ability of Grifola frondosa heteropolysaccharide (GFP) to ameliorate NAFLD was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The molecular mechanisms modulating the expression of specific gene members related to lipid synthesis and conversion, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammation pathways were determined. The components of the intestinal microflora in rats were analyzed by high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Supplementation with GFP significantly increased the proportions of Allobaculum, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium and decreased the proportions of Acetatifactor, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, Paraprevotella, and Oscillibacter. In addition, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, and Oscillibacter were shown to be significant cecal microbiota according to the Spearman’s correlation test between the gut microbiota and biomedical assays (|r| > 0.7). Histological analysis and biomedical assays showed that GFP treatments could significantly protect against NAFLD. In addition, Alistipes, Flavonifractor, and Oscillibacter may play vital roles in the prevention of NAFLD. These results suggest that GFP could be used as a functional material to regulate the gut microbiota of NAFLD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yifan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Tomas-Hernandez S, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G, Valls C, Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Cereto-Massagué A, Roca-Martinez J, Suárez M, Arola L, Blanco J, Mulero M, Beltran-Debón R. Anti-inflammatory and Proapoptotic Properties of the Natural Compound o-Orsellinaldehyde. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10952-10963. [PMID: 30269491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of medical conditions that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation is directly involved in the onset of metabolic syndrome and related pathologies. In this study, in silico techniques were applied to a natural products database containing molecules isolated from mushrooms from the Catalan forests to predict molecules that can act as human nuclear-factor κβ kinase 2 (IKK-2) inhibitors. IKK-2 is the main component responsible for activating the nuclear-factor κβ transcription factor (NF-κβ). One of these predicted molecules was o-orsellinaldehyde, a molecule present in the mushroom Grifola frondosa. This study shows that o-orsellinaldehyde presents anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties by acting as IKK-2 inhibitor. Additionally, we suggest that the anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties of Grifola frondosa mushroom could partially be explained by the presence of o-orsellinaldehyde on its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tomas-Hernandez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health , EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia , Avinguda Universitat, 1 , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health , EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia , Avinguda Universitat, 1 , 43204 Reus , Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - María José Ojeda-Montes
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Joel Roca-Martinez
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health , EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia , Avinguda Universitat, 1 , 43204 Reus , Spain
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43201 Reus , Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Raúl Beltran-Debón
- Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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Ping L, Chen F, Cui F, Hu W, Sun W, Li N, Yang Y. Enhancement of quality retention of Grifola frondosa fruiting bodies by erythorbic acid treatment. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:305. [PMID: 30002995 PMCID: PMC6033772 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of erythorbic acid (EA) treatment with different concentrations on the quality of Grifola frondosa fruiting bodies stored at 4 °C for 27 days were studied by determining the changes in moisture content, weight loss, browning, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nutritional compounds. The activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), cellulase and other antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and peroxidase (POD) were also measured. Results showed that 0.1% EA-treated G. frondosa fruiting body maintained lower weight loss (< 6.0%, w/w), electrolyte leakage (< 45.8%), MDA (< 4.17 µmol kg-1), and higher moisture content (> 90.7%, w/w). Lower activities of PPO (< 72.64 × 103 U kg-1) and cellulase (< 189.86 × 103 U kg-1) in 0.1% EA-treated samples were observed compared with the other treatments. As a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (AA), EA also could enhance SOD and POD activities of G. frondosa fruiting bodies. Our findings were the first time to evaluate the effect of EA on maintaining quality in G. frondosa fruiting bodies, and proved that low concentrations of EA (especially 0.1% EA, w/v) treatments were beneficial to preserve G. frondosa fruiting body with even higher efficiency than AA treatment. This study paved a foundation for the enhancement of quality retention of G. frondosa fruiting bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ping
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing, 334221 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanjun Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
- Parchn Sodium Isovitamin C Co. Ltd, Dexing, 334221 People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 People’s Republic of China
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Kou L, Du M, Liu P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Yang P, Shang M, Wang X. Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Nephritic Activities of Grifola frondosa Mycelium Polysaccharides in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Via Modulation on Oxidative Stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:310-322. [PMID: 29943275 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is an edible fungus with a variety of potential pharmacological activities. This study investigates the hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic nephritic, and antioxidant properties of G. frondosa polysaccharides in diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After a 4-week treatment with 100 mg/kg of metformin and 200 mg/kg of one of four different G. frondosa polysaccharide mixtures (especially GFPS3 and GFPS4), diabetic rats had enhanced body weight and suppressed plasma glucose, indicating the hypoglycemic activities of the G. frondosa polysaccharides. G. frondosa polysaccharides regulated the level of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and albuminuria; inhibited the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and TNF-α; and enhanced the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and interferon-α, confirming their anti-diabetic nephritic activities. G. frondosa polysaccharides ameliorated the pathological alterations in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Moreover, G. frondosa polysaccharides modulated the serum levels of oxidant factors such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species, revealing their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the administration of G. frondosa polysaccharides inhibited nuclear factor kappa B activities in the serum and kidneys. All of the data revealed that the activation of nuclear factor kappa B plays a central role in G. frondosa polysaccharide-mediated anti-diabetic and anti-nephritic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Kou
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Mingzhao Du
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Peijing Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Baohai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Mengyuan Shang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
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Liu S, Zhuang X, Zhang X, Han W, Liu Y, Sun D, Guo W. Enzymatic Modification of Rice Bran Polysaccharides by Enzymes from Grifola Frondosa: Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1948-1955. [PMID: 29939404 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) are the major active constituents of rice bran (RB). In this study, we utilized intracellular enzymes from Grifola frondosa to modify RBPSs, which were extracted from RB using ultrasound. To enhance the effect on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of modified polysaccharides (mRBPSs) generated from RBPSs, an orthogonal test (L9 [3]4 ) was employed to optimize the modification conditions. Based on the results of a single-factor test, the enzyme to polysaccharide ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pH, and reaction time were the main factors affecting mRBPSs-enhanced NK-cell cytotoxicity. The best conditions were determined to be an enzyme to polysaccharide ratio of 1:5, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, a reaction pH of 4, and a reaction time of 4 hr. By optimizing the conditions, the NK-cell cytotoxicity induced by mRBPSs6 was the highest, increasing by 12.01% ± 0.08%. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that mRBPSs6 consists of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 7:21:6:5:53:48, which was 8:13:8:5:44:44 before modification. High-performance liquid chromatography results indicated molecular weights for the RBPSs of approximately 106 Da, which decreased to 104 to 105 Da after modification. Antioxidant activity tests revealed high capacity of mRBPSs6 for scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl free radicals at 1.0 mg/mL. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Rice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) contain compounds with many biological activities. However, these polysaccharides difficult to absorb due to high molecular weights and unexposed active sites, which are the main factors that limit their use in functional foods. The results of this study demonstrate that modification of RBPSs using intracellular enzymes from an edible fungus alters the molecular weights and monosaccharide composition of RBPSs. In addition, immune and antioxidant activities of RBPSs were increased. The findings provide a new and beneficial application for rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univ., Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhuang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Univ., Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Guo
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, P.R. China
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Song B, Ye J, Sossah FL, Li C, Li D, Meng L, Xu S, Fu Y, Li Y. Assessing the effects of different agro-residue as substrates on growth cycle and yield of Grifola frondosa and statistical optimization of substrate components using simplex-lattice design. AMB Express 2018; 8:46. [PMID: 29572689 PMCID: PMC5866258 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is an economically important edible and medicinal mushroom usually produced on substrate consisting of sawdust supplemented with wheat bran. Cultivation of G. frondosa on crop straw (corn cob, corn straw, rice straw, and soybean straw) as a substrate was optimized by using the D-optimum method of the simplex-lattice design, and the alternative of crop straw as a substitute for sawdust in the substrate composition was determined by the optimized model. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation existing between the yield and corn cob. The growth cycle was negatively correlated with sawdust, corn cob and soybean straw, with sawdust significantly shortening the growth cycle of G. frondosa. The optimized high-yielding formula included 73.125% corn cob, 1.875% rice straw, 23% wheat bran and 2% light calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (C/N = 48.40). The average yield of the first flush was 134.72 ± 4.24 g/bag, which was increased by 39.97% compared with the control formula. The biological efficiency (BE) was 44.91 ± 1.41%, which was increased by 38.53% compared with the control. Based on the results of this study, corn cob can replace sawdust as one of the main cultivation substrates of G. frondosa.
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Tao TL, Cui FJ, Chen XX, Sun WJ, Huang DM, Zhang J, Yang Y, Wu D, Liu WM. Improved mycelia and polysaccharide production of Grifola frondosa by controlling morphology with microparticle Talc. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:1. [PMID: 29306327 PMCID: PMC5756420 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mushroom showed pellet, clump and/or filamentous mycelial morphologies during submerged fermentation. Addition of microparticles including Talc (magnesium silicate), aluminum oxide and titanium oxide could control mycelial morphologies to improve mycelia growth and secondary metabolites production. Here, effect of microparticle Talc (45 μm) addition on the mycelial morphology, fermentation performance, monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides and enzymes activities associated with polysaccharide synthesis in G. frondosa was well investigated to find a clue of the relationship between polysaccharide biosynthesis and morphological changes. Results Addition of Talc decreased the diameter of the pellets and increased the percentage of S-fraction mycelia. Talc gave the maximum mycelial biomass of 19.25 g/L and exo-polysaccharide of 3.12 g/L at 6.0 g/L of Talc, and mycelial polysaccharide of 0.24 g/g at 3.0 g/L of Talc. Talc altered the monosaccharide compositions/percentages in G. frondosa mycelial polysaccharide with highest mannose percentage of 62.76 % and lowest glucose percentage of 15.22 % followed with the corresponding changes of polysaccharide-synthesis associated enzymes including lowest UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) activity of 91.18 mU/mg and highest UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDG) and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPPB) activities of 81.45 mU/mg and 93.15 mU/mg. Conclusion Our findings revealed that the presence of Talc significantly changed the polysaccharide production and sugar compositions/percentages in mycelial and exo-polysaccharides by affecting mycelial morphology and polysaccharide-biosynthesis related enzymes activities of G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Lei Tao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing, 334221, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing, 334221, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
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Ding Y, Xiao C, Wu Q, Xie Y, Li X, Hu H, Li L. The Mechanisms Underlying the Hypolipidaemic Effects of Grifola frondosa in the Liver of Rats. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1186. [PMID: 27536279 PMCID: PMC4971090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the hypolipidaemic effects of Grifola frondosa and its regulation mechanism involved in lipid metabolism in liver of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The body weights and serum lipid levels of control rats, of hyperlipidaemic rats, and of hyperlipidaemic rats treated with oral G. frondosa were determined. mRNA expression and concentration of key lipid metabolism enzymes were investigated. Serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were markedly decreased in hyperlipidaemic rats treated with G. frondosa compared with untreated hyperlipidaemic rats. mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT2), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) were significantly down-regulated, while expression of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) was significantly up-regulated in the livers of treated rats compared with untreated hyperlipidaemic rats. The concentrations of these enzymes also paralleled the observed changes in mRNA expression. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to identify 20 proteins differentially expressed in livers of rats treated with G. frondosa compared with untreated hyperlipidemic rats. Of these 20 proteins, seven proteins were down-regulated, and 13 proteins were up-regulated. These findings indicate that the hypolipidaemic effects of G. frondosa reflected its modulation of key enzymes involved in cholesterol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis, absorption, and catabolic pathways. G. frondosa may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by inhibiting LDL oxidation through down-regulation and up-regulating proteins expression in the liver of rats. Therefore, G. frondosa may produce both hypolipidaemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and potentially be of use as a functional food for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinrun Ding
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou, China; Department of Biology, Basic Medical College, Guangdong Medical UniversityZhangjiang, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou, China
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Zhao F, Wang YF, Song L, Jin JX, Zhang YQ, Gan HY, Yang KH. Synergistic Apoptotic Effect of D-Fraction From Grifola frondosa and Vitamin C on Hepatocellular Carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:205-214. [PMID: 27151580 PMCID: PMC5739120 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416644674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of a combination of D-fraction polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa (DFP) and vitamin C (VC) on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. DFP is a bioactive extract from the maitake mushroom. Anticancer activity was demonstrated using various concentrations of DFP alone or in combination with VC against the human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cell line. To investigate the anticancer mechanism, studies designed to detect cell apoptosis were conducted. Results from the MTT assay indicated that a combination of DFP (0.2 mg/mL) and VC (0.3 mmol/L) led to a 70% reduction in cell viability. Flow cytometry results indicated that DFP/VC treatment induced apoptosis in approximately 65% SMMC-7721 cells. Cell cycle analysis identified cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase following DFP/VC treatment for 48 hours. In addition, cellular morphological changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed that the upregulation of BAX, downregulation of Bcl-2, activation of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), and the release of cytochrome c were observed in cells treated with the combination of DFP/VC, which showed that the mechanism of anticancer activity in the SMMC-7721 hepatocarcinoma cells involved induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- 4 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Jin
- 5 Lanzhou University Second Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qing Zhang
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yun Gan
- 2 School of Medicine, Northwest University of Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Hu Yang
- 1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,3 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lin CH, Chang CY, Lee KR, Lin HJ, Lin WC, Chen TH, Wan L. Cold-water extracts of Grifola frondosa and its purified active fraction inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1374-85. [PMID: 27013543 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216640149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Grifola frondosa (GF) is an edible mushroom indigenous to many Asian countries with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. In particular, GF is known for its anti-tumor activity, which has been targeted by scientific and clinical research. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the cold-water extract of GF (GFW) and its active fraction (GFW-GF) on autophagy and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo Our results revealed that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, thereby inducing autophagy. We also demonstrated that GFW and GFW-GF inhibited proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in Hep3B hepatoma cells. GFW and GFW-GF markedly arrested cells in S phase and promoted cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. In addition, GFW and GFW-GF decreased the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. We also found that GFW significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice implanted with Hep3B cells. Our work demonstrates that GF and its active fraction inhibit hepatoma growth by inducing autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ter-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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He X, Du X, Zang X, Dong L, Gu Z, Cao L, Chen D, Keyhani NO, Yao L, Qiu J, Guan X. Extraction, identification and antimicrobial activity of a new furanone, grifolaone A, from Grifola frondosa. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:941-7. [PMID: 26374926 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A furanone (1), (S)-methyl 2-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate, was isolated from the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa. Mass spectrometry and NMR analyses were used to elucidate the structure of this compound, and its absolute configuration was determined using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Compound 1 exhibited specific antifungal activity against the plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella zeae and Piricularia oryzae and the opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudallescheria boydii, resulting in minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the furanone showed only weak activity towards Aspergillus spp., Candida albicans and several other fungal strains tested as well as no appreciable antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- a College of Life Science , Hubei University , Wuhan , China.,b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China.,d National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology , Fuzhou , China
| | - Xuezhu Du
- a College of Life Science , Hubei University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiangyun Zang
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lili Dong
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zijian Gu
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China
| | - Liping Cao
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China
| | - Dafu Chen
- e College of Bee Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- f Department of Microbiology and Cell Science , Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Lindan Yao
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China
| | - Junzhi Qiu
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China.,d National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology , Fuzhou , China
| | - Xiong Guan
- b Fujian-Taiwan Joint Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests , Fuzhou , China.,c Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology , Ministry of Education , Fuzhou , China
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Su CH, Lu TM, Lai MN, Ng LT. Inhibitory potential of Grifola frondosa bioactive fractions on α-amylase and α-glucosidase for management of hyperglycemia. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 60:446-52. [PMID: 24033596 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the inhibitory effects of Grifola frondosa (GF), a medicinal mushroom popularly consumed in traditional medicine and health food, on digestive enzymes related to type 2 diabetes; chemical profiles and inhibitory kinetics of its bioactive fractions were also analyzed. Results showed that all GF extracts showed weak anti-α-amylase activity; however, strong anti-α-glucosidase activity was noted on GF n-hexane extract (GF-H). Further fractionation confirmed that compared with acarbose (a commercial α-glucosidase inhibitor), the nonpolar fraction of GF possessed a stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity but a weaker anti-α-amylase activity. These activities were not derived from ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide, two major compounds of this fraction. The inhibitory kinetics of GF-H on α-glucosidase was competitive inhibition. GF-H was as good as acarbose in inhibiting the starch digestion in vitro. Oleic acid and linoleic acid could be the major active constituents that have contributed to the potency of GF in inhibiting α-glucosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang L, Qu H, Mao G, Zhao T, Li F, Zhu B, Zhang B, Wu X. Optimization of subcritical water extraction of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa using response surface methodology. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:120-9. [PMID: 23772107 PMCID: PMC3680851 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research is among the few that has been conducted on the feasibility of subcritical water extraction (SWE) as a rapid and efficient extraction tool for polysaccharides. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to extractand optimize the parameter conditions of SWE of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa using response surface methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, SWEwas applied to extractbioactive compounds from G. frondosa. A preliminary analysis was made on the physical properties and content determination of extracts using SWE and hot water extraction (HWE). Analysis of the sample residues and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides extracted by SWE and HWE were then evaluated. RESULTS THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTION CONDITIONS INCLUDE: extraction temperature of 210°C, extraction time of 43.65 min and the ratio of water to raw material of 26.15:1. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental yield of the polysaccharides (25.1 ± 0.3%) corresponded with the mean value predicted by the model and two times more than the mean value obtained by the traditional HWE. The antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted by SWE were generally higher than those extracted by HWE. From the study, the SWE technology could be a time-saving, high yield, and bioactive technique for production of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyuan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bole Zhu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingtao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Fernandes NA, Isikhuemhen OS, Ohimain EI. Lignin degradation, ligninolytic enzymes activities and exopolysaccharide production by Grifola frondosa strains cultivated on oak sawdust. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1101-8. [PMID: 24031728 PMCID: PMC3768758 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen strains of Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) S. F. Gray, originating from different regions (Asia, Europe and North America) were tested for lignin degradation, ligninolytic enzyme activities, protein accumulation and exopolysaccharide production during 55 days of cultivation on oak sawdust. Lignin degradation varied from 2.6 to7.1 % of dry weight of the oak sawdust substrate among tested strains. The loss of dry matter in all screened fungi varied between 11.7 and 33.0%, and the amount of crude protein in the dry substrate varied between 0.94 to 2.55%. The strain, MBFBL 596, had the highest laccase activity (703.3 U/l), and the maximum peroxidase activity of 22.6 U/l was shown by the strain MBFBL 684. Several tested strains (MBFBL 21, 638 and 662) appeared to be good producers of exopolysaccharides (3.5, 3.5 and 3.2 mg/ml respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona A Fernandes
- Mushroom Biology & Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro, NC 2741 , USA
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